19-1497; Rev 0; 8/99 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches Features ♦ Low On-Resistance: 3Ω (typ), 5Ω (max) ♦ Guaranteed RON Match Between Channels (0.5Ω max) ♦ Guaranteed Break-Before-Make Operation (MAX4622) ♦ Guaranteed Off-Channel Leakage <5nA at +85°C ♦ Single-Supply Operation (+4.5V to +36V) Bipolar-Supply Operation (±4.5V to ±18V) ♦ TTL/CMOS-Logic Compatible ♦ Rail-to-Rail® Analog Signal Handling Capability These analog switches are ideal in low-distortion applications and are the preferred solution over mechanical relays in automatic test equipment or applications where current switching is required. They have low power requirements, use less board space, and are more reliable than mechanical relays. The MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 are pin-compatible replacements for the DG401/DG403/DG405, respectively, offering improved overall performance. These monolithic switches operate from a single positive supply (+4.5V to +36V) or with bipolar supplies (±4.5V to ±18V) while retaining CMOS-logic input compatibility. ♦ Pin Compatible with DG401/DG403/DG405 Applications Reed Relay Replacement Test Equipment Military Radios PBX, PABX Systems Communication Systems Data-Acquisition Systems Audio-Signal Routing Avionics Ordering Information PART Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd. TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX4621CSE 0°C to +70°C 16 Narrow SO MAX4621CPE 0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. Pin Configurations/Functional Diagrams/Truth Tables TOP VIEW COM1 1 16 NO1 COM1 1 16 NO1 N.C. 2 N.C. 2 15 IN1 N.C. 3 14 V- N.C. 4 13 GND NC3 4 15 IN1 COM3 3 14 V13 GND COM1 1 16 NO1 N.C. 2 15 IN1 COM3 3 14 V- NO3 4 13 GND 12 VL NC4 5 MAX4622 12 VL NO4 5 N.C. 6 11 V+ COM4 6 11 V+ COM4 6 11 V+ N.C. 7 10 IN2 N.C. 7 10 IN2 N.C. 7 10 IN2 N.C. 5 MAX4621 COM2 8 9 NO2 COM2 8 COM2 8 9 SO/DIP SO/DIP MAX4621 LOGIC SWITCH 0 1 9 NO2 OFF ON LOGIC 0 1 NO2 SO/DIP MAX4622 SWITCHES 1, 2 SWITCHES 3, 4 OFF ON MAX4623 12 VL ON OFF MAX4623 LOGIC SWITCH 0 1 OFF ON SWITCHES SHOWN FOR LOGIC "0" INPUT ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769. MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 General Description The MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 are precision, dual, high-speed analog switches. The single-pole/singlethrow (SPST) MAX4621 and double-pole/single-throw (DPST) MAX4623 dual switches are normally open (NO). The single-pole/double-throw (SPDT) MAX4622 has two normally closed (NC) and two NO poles. All three parts offer low 5Ω on-resistance guaranteed to match to within 0.5Ω between channels and to remain flat over the full analog signal range (∆0.5Ω max). They also offer low leakage (<500pA at +25°C, <5nA at +85°C) and fast switching times (turn-on time <250ns, turn-off time <200ns). MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages Referenced to GND) V+ to GND ..............................................................-0.3V to +44V V- to GND ...............................................................+0.3V to -44V V+ to V-...................................................................-0.3V to +44V VL to GND.....................................................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) All Other Pins to GND (Note 1) ........... (V- - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V) Continuous Current (COM_, NO_, NC_) ........................±100mA Peak Current (COM_, NO_, NC_) (pulsed at 1ms, 10% duty cycle) ............................... ±300mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C) .............696mW Narrow DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C) ..........842mW Operating Temperature Ranges MAX462_C_ _ ......................................................0°C to +70°C MAX462_E_ _....................................................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C Note 1: Signals on NO_, NC_, or COM_ exceeding V+ or V- are clamped by internal diodes. Limit forward-diode current to maximum current rating. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Dual Supplies (V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = +5V, GND = 0, VINH = +2.4V, VINL = +0.8V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS V+ V ANALOG SWITCH Input Voltage Range (Note 3) On-Resistance On-Resistance Match Between Channels (Notes 3, 4) VCOM_, VNO_, VNC_ V- RON ICOM_ = 10mA, VNO_ or VNC_ = ±10V ∆RON ICOM_ = 10mA, VNO_ or VNC_ = ±10V TA = +25°C 3 TA = TMIN to TMAX 7 TA = +25°C 0.25 TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = +25°C INO_, INC_ VNO_ or VNC_ = ±10V, – VCOM_ = +10V TA = +25°C COM_ Off-Leakage Current (Note 6) ICOM_(OFF) VCOM_ = ±10V, – VNO_ or VNC_ = +10V TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX -5 COM_ On-Leakage Current (Note 6) VCOM_ = ±10V, – VNO_ or VNC_ = +10V or floating TA = +25°C -1 ICOM_(ON) TA = TMIN to TMAX -10 RFLAT(ON) Off-Leakage Current (NO_ or NC_) (Note 6) 0.2 TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = TMIN to TMAX 0.5 Ω Ω 0.7 ICOM_ = 10mA; VNO_ or VNC_ = -5V, 0, 5V On-Resistance Flatness (Notes 3, 5) 5 0.5 Ω 0.7 -0.5 0.01 -5 -0.5 0.5 5 0.01 0.5 5 0.02 nA nA 1 nA 10 LOGIC INPUT Input Current with Input Voltage High IINH VIN_ = 2.4V -0.5 0.001 0.5 µA Input Current with Input Voltage Low IINL VIN_ = 0.8V -0.5 0.001 0.5 µA Logic Input Voltage High VINH Logic Input Voltage Low VINL 2 2.4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ V 0.8 V Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches (V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = +5V, GND = 0, VINH = +2.4V, VINL = +0.8V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS ±20.0 V POWER SUPPLY Power-Supply Range ±4.5 Positive Supply Current I+ VIN_ = 0 or 5V Negative Supply Current I- VIN_ = 0 or 5V Logic Supply Current IL VIN_ = 0 or 5V IGND VIN_ = 0 or 5V Ground Current TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX -0.5 0.001 -5 -0.5 5 0.001 -5 -0.5 0.5 5 0.001 -5 -0.5 0.5 0.5 5 0.001 -5 0.5 5 µA µA µA µA SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Turn-On Time tON VCOM_ = ±10V, Figure 2 TA = +25°C Turn-Off Time tOFF VCOM_ = ±10V, Figure 2 TA = +25°C 120 TA = TMIN to TMAX 325 90 TA = TMIN to TMAX Break-Before-Make Time Delay (MAX4622 only) tD VCOM_ = ±10V, Figure 3, TA = +25°C Charge Injection Q Off-Isolation (Note 7) Crosstalk (Note 8) 250 200 275 5 ns ns 25 ns CL = 1.0nF, VGEN = 0, RGEN = 0, Figure 4, TA = +25°C 480 pC VISO RL = 50Ω, f = 1MHz, Figure 5, TA = +25°C -62 dB VCT RL = 50Ω, f = 1MHz, Figure 6, TA = +25°C -60 dB NC_ or NO_ Capacitance COFF f = 1MHz, Figure 7, TA = +25°C 34 pF COM_ Off-Capacitance CCOM f = 1MHz, Figure 7, TA = +25°C 34 pF On-Capacitance CCOM f = 1MHz, Figure 8, TA = +25°C 150 pF _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Dual Supplies (continued) MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Single Supply (V+ = +12V, V- = 0, VL = +5V, GND = 0, VINH = +2.4V, VINL = +0.8V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS V+ V ANALOG SWITCH Input Voltage Range (Note 3) On-Resistance On-Resistance Match Between Channels (Notes 3, 4) VCOM_, VNO_, VNC_ RON ∆RON GND ICOM_ = 10mA, VNO_ or VNC_ = 10V TA = +25°C 5.5 TA = TMIN to TMAX 8 10 Ω ICOM_ = 10mA, VNO_ or VNC_ = 10V, TA = +25°C 0.2 0.5 Ω 0.9 1.3 Ω 0.01 0.5 On-Resistance Flatness (Notes 3, 5) RFLAT(ON) ICOM_ = 10mA; VNO_ or VNC_ = 3V, 6V, 9V; TA = +25°C NO_ or NC_ Off-Leakage Current (Notes 6, 9) INO_(OFF), INC_(OFF) TA = +25°C VCOM_ = 1V, 10V; VNO_ or VNC_ = 10V, 1V TA = TMIN to TMAX COM_ Off-Leakage Current (Notes 6, 9) ICOM_(OFF) VCOM_ = 10V, 1V; VNO_ or VNC_ = 1V, 10V TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX -5 COM_ On-Leakage Current (Notes 6, 9) VCOM_ = 10V, 1V; VNO_ or VNC_ = 10V, 1V, or floating TA = +25°C -1 ICOM_(ON) TA = TMIN to TMAX -10 -0.5 -5 -0.5 5 0.01 0.5 5 0.02 nA nA 1 nA 10 LOGIC INPUT Input Current with Input Voltage High IINH VIN_ = 2.4V -0.5 0.001 0.5 µA Input Current with Input Voltage Low IINL VIN_ = 0.8V -0.5 0.001 0.5 µA Logic Input Voltage High VINH Logic Input Voltage Low VINL 2.4 V 0.8 V 36.0 V POWER SUPPLY Power-Supply Range 4.5 Positive Supply Current I+ VIN_ = 0 or 5V Logic Supply Current IL VIN_ = 0 or 5V IGND VIN_ = 0 or 5V Ground Current 4 TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX -0.5 0.001 -5 -0.5 5 0.001 -5 -0.5 0.5 0.5 5 0.001 -5 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.5 5 µA µA µA Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches (V+ = +12V, V- = 0, VL = +5V, GND = 0, VINH = +2.4V, VINL = +0.8V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 200 350 UNITS SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Turn-On Time (Note 3) tON VCOM_ = 10V, Figure 2 Turn-Off Time (Note 3) tOFF VCOM_ = 10V, Figure 2 Break-Before-Make Time Delay (MAX4622 only) (Note 3) Charge Injection TA = +25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX 475 TA = +25°C 100 TA = TMIN to TMAX tD RL = 100Ω, CL = 35pF, Figure 3, TA = +25°C Q 200 300 10 ns ns 75 ns CL = 1.0nF, VGEN = 0, RGEN = 0, Figure 4 45 pC Off-Isolation (Note 7) VISO RL = 50Ω, f = 1MHz, Figure 5 -62 dB Crosstalk (Note 8) VCT RL = 50Ω, f = 1MHz, Figure 6 -60 dB Note 2: The algebraic convention, where the most negative value is a minimum and the most positive value is a maximum, is used in this data sheet. Note 3: Guaranteed by design. Note 4: ∆RON = RON_MAX - RON_MIN. Note 5: Flatness is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of on-resistance as measured over the specified analog signal range. Note 6: Leakage currents are 100% tested at the maximum-rated hot temperature and guaranteed by correlation at +25°C. Note 7: Off-isolation = 20log10 [VCOM_ / (VNC_ or VNO_)]. VCOM_ = output, VNC_ or VNO_ = input to off switch. Note 8: Between any two switches. Note 9: Leakage testing for single-supply operation is guaranteed by testing with dual supplies. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Single Supply (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) ON-RESISTANCE vs. VCOM AND TEMPERATURE (DUAL SUPPLIES) RON (Ω) 4.5 12 3.5 TA = +25°C 3.0 10 8 V+, V- = ±15V 3.5 2.5 V+, V- = ±20V 2.0 2.5 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 2 -15 20 -10 -5 0 3 6 9 12 LEAKAGE (pA) 6.5 6.0 TA = +25°C 5.0 100 600 V+ = +15V V- = -15V 500 300 200 V+ = +12V V- = 0 100 OFF-LEAKAGE 0 0.1 -100 3.5 0.01 3.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 -200 -40 -25 -10 12 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 -5 0 MAX4621/2/3-08 0 MAX4621/2/3-07 V+ = +15V V- = -15V 100 V+ = +15V V- = -15V -10 LOSS (dB) 10 I- 0 -90 ON-PHASE -40 -180 -50 -270 -60 -360 OFF-ISOLATION -70 0.1 0.01 0.001 20 35 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 65 80 95 -450 -540 -80 5 180 -30 1 10 90 ON-RESPONSE -20 I+ -40 -25 -10 5 FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10k I+, I- (nA) -10 VCOM (V) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 1k -15 TEMPERATURE (°C) VCOM (V) 6 24 400 10 TA = -40°C 21 700 ON-LEAKAGE 1 18 CHARGE INJECTION vs. VCOM V+ = +15V V- = -15V 1k 15 VCOM (V) Q (pC) 7.0 4.0 15 MAX4621/2/3-05 TA = +85°C 4.5 10 10k MAX4621/2/3-04 8.0 5.5 5 ON/OFF-LEAKAGE CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE ON-RESISTANCE vs. VCOM AND TEMPERATURE (SINGLE SUPPLY) ICOM = 10mA V+ = 12V, V- = GND 0 VCOM (V) VCOM (V) 7.5 V+ = 24V 4 1.5 2.0 V+ = 12V 6 TA = -40°C 3.0 -20 V+ = 5V 14 -90 -630 -100 -720 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 100 PHASE (DEGREES) RON (Ω) 5.0 4.0 TA = +85°C 4.0 ICOM = 10mA V- = GND 16 MAX4621/2/3-03 V+, V- = ±5V 5.5 4.5 18 MAX4621/2/3-06 6.0 V+ = +15V, V- = -15V ICOM = 10mA RON (Ω) ICOM = 10mA 6.5 5.0 MAX4621/2/3-01 7.0 ON-RESISTANCE vs. VCOM (SINGLE SUPPLY) MAX4621/2/3-02 ON-RESISTANCE vs. VCOM (DUAL SUPPLIES) RON (Ω) MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches 15 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches PIN NAME Operation with Supply Voltages Other than ±15V FUNCTION MAX4621 1, 8 COM1, COM2 Switch Common Terminal 2–7 N.C. Not internally connected 9, 16 NO2, NO1 10, 15 IN2, IN1 11 V+ Positive Supply-Voltage Input 12 VL Logic Supply-Voltage Input 13 GND 14 V- Negative Supply Voltage Input 1, 3, 6, 8 COM_ Switch Common Terminal 2, 7 N.C. Not internally connected 4, 5, 9, 16 NC_, NO_ 10, 15 IN2, IN1 11 V+ Positive Supply-Voltage Input 12 VL Logic Supply-Voltage Input 13 GND 14 V- Switch Normally Open Terminal Digital Logic Inputs Ground MAX4622 The MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 switches operate with ±4.5V to ±18V bipolar supplies and a +4.5V to +36V single supply. In either case, analog signals ranging from V+ to V- can be switched. The Typical Operating Characteristics graphs show the typical on-resistance variation with analog signal and supply voltage. Overvoltage Protection Proper power-supply sequencing is recommended for all CMOS devices. It is important not to exceed the absolute maximum ratings because stresses beyond the listed ratings may cause permanent damage to the devices. Always sequence V+ on first, followed by VL, V-, and logic inputs. If power-supply sequencing is not possible, add two small signal diodes in series with the supply pins and a Schottky diode between V+ and VL (Figure 1). Adding diodes reduces the analog signal range to 1V below V+ and 1V above V-, but low switch resistance and low leakage characteristics are unaffected. The difference between V+ and V- should not exceed +44V. Switch Normally Closed/Open Terminal Digital Logic Inputs Ground V+ VL Negative Supply Voltage Input MAX4623 MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 NO_ Vg 1, 3, 6, 8 COM_ Switch Common Terminal 2, 7 N.C. Not internally connected 4, 5, 9, 16 NO_ Switch Normally Open Terminal 10, 15 IN2, IN1 11 V+ Positive Supply-Voltage Input 12 VL Logic Supply-Voltage Input 13 GND 14 V- * * * * COM_ V*INTERNAL PROTECTION DIODES Digital Logic Inputs Figure 1. Overvoltage Protection Using Blocking Diodes Ground Negative Supply Voltage _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Applications Information Pin Description MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches +5V MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 VL SWITCH INPUT VCOM = +10V FOR tON VCOM = -10V FOR tOFF +15V V+ NC_ OR NO_ COM_ LOGIC INPUT RL = 100Ω CL = 35pF V+ LOGIC INPUT 0 VV- 0 -15V REPEAT TEST FOR EACH SWITCH. tr < 20ns tf < 20ns 50% VO IN1 GND +3V VO = VCOM RL tOFF SWITCH INPUT VCOM SWITCH OUTPUT 0 SWITCH INPUT -VANA RL = RON VO 0.9VO tON 0.9VO VO LOGIC INPUT WAVEFORM IS INVERTED FOR SWITCHES THAT HAVE THE OPPOSITE LOGIC SENSE CONTROL. FOR LOAD CONDITIONS, SEE Electrical Characteristics. CL INCLUDES FIXTURE AND STRAY CAPACITANCE. Figure 2. Switching-Time Test Circuit +5V +15V VCOM_ = +10V MAX4622 VL V+ NO_ LOGIC INPUT VO1 50% 0 COM_ VO2 NC_ VCOM RL1 COM_ VO1 CL1 IN_ RL2 LOGIC INPUT +3V GND V- 0 -15V CL2 SWITCH OUTPUT 0 VCOM SWITCH OUTPUT 0 0.9VO VO2 RL = 100Ω CL = 35pF 0.9VO tD tD OFF ON CL INCLUDES FIXTURE AND STRAY CAPACITANCE. LOGIC 0 INPUT. Figure 3. MAX4622 Break-Before-Make Test Circuit +5V VL RGEN VGEN COM +15V V+ MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 NC_ OR NO_ VO CL GND V- 0 -15V ∆VO VO IN_ ON Q = (∆VO)(CL) Figure 4. Charge-Injection Test Circuit 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches +15V +5V V+ VL MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 SIGNAL GENERATOR C MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 C VCOM 0, 2.4V IN_ NC_ OR NO_ ANALYZER GND RL 100Ω FREQUENCY TESTED SIGNAL GENERATOR ANALYZER 1MHz AUTOMATIC SYNTHESIZER TRACKING SPECTRUM ANALYZER C V- OFF-ISOLATION = 20LOG -15V VCOM VNC OR VNO Figure 5. Off-Isolation SIGNAL GENERATOR C MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 +15V +5V V+ COM_ VL C 50Ω NC_ OR NO_ IN_ 0, 2.4V 0, 2.4V IN_ GND RL 100Ω SIGNAL GENERATOR ANALYZER 1MHz AUTOMATIC SYNTHESIZER TRACKING SPECTRUM ANALYZER COM_ NC_ OR NO_ ANALYZER FREQUENCY TESTED C V- -15V Figure 6. Crosstalk Test Circuit C MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 +15V V+ +15V +5V C C MAX4621 MAX4622 MAX4623 VL COM_ GND V- C V+ COM_ 0, 2.4V C CAPACITANCE METER 0, 2.4V NC_ OR NO_ GND V- C -15V -15V Figure 7. Channel-On Capacitance VL IN_ IN_ CAPACITANCE METER +5V V+ Figure 8. Channel-Off Capacitance _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 Ordering Information (continued) PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX4621ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO MAX4621EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP MAX4622CSE 0°C to +70°C 16 Narrow SO MAX4622CPE 0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP MAX4622ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO MAX4622EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP MAX4623CSE 0°C to +70°C 16 Narrow SO MAX4623CPE 0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP MAX4623ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO MAX4623EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 82 Package Information SOICN.EPS MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches PDIPN.EPS ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 Package Information (continued) Dual, 5Ω Analog Switches MAX4621/MAX4622/MAX4623 NOTES Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 12 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 1999 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.