19-3582; Rev 2; 5/10 Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 overvoltage protection controllers protect low-voltage systems against high-voltage faults up to +28V, and negative voltages down to -28V. These devices drive a low-cost complementary MOSFET. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold, these devices turn off the n-channel MOSFET to prevent damage to the protected components. If the input voltage drops below ground, the devices turn off the p-channel MOSFET to prevent damage to the protected components. An internal charge pump eliminates the need for external capacitors and drives the MOSFET GATEN for a simple, robust solution. The overvoltage thresholds are preset to +7.4V (MAX4864L), +6.35V (MAX4865L), +5.8V (MAX4866L), and +4.65V (MAX4867). When the input voltage drops below the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold, the devices enter a low-current standby mode (8.5µA). Also in shutdown (EN set to logic-high), the current is reduced further (0.4µA). The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L have a +2.85V UVLO threshold, and the MAX4867 has a +2.5V UVLO threshold. In addition, a ±15kV ESD protection is provided to the input when bypassed with a 1µF capacitor to ground. All devices are offered in a small 6-pin SOT23 and a 6-pin, 2mm x 2mm µDFN package, and are specified for operation over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range. Applications Cell Phones Digital Still Cameras PDAs and Palmtop Devices MP3 Players Features ♦ Overvoltage Protection Up to +28V ♦ Reverse Polarity Protection Down to -28V ♦ Preset Overvoltage (OV) Trip Level (7.4V, 6.35V, 5.8V, 4.65V) ♦ Drive Low-Cost Complementary MOSFET ♦ Internal 50ms Startup Delay ♦ Internal Charge Pump ♦ 8.5µA Standby Current (In UVLO Mode) ♦ 0.4µA Shutdown Current ♦ Overvoltage Fault FLAG Indicator ♦ 6-Pin (2mm x 2mm) µDFN and 6-Pin SOT23 Packages Ordering Information PART PINPACKAGE OV TRIP LEVEL (V) TOP MARK ABVO MAX4864LEUT-T 6 SOT23-6 7.40 MAX4864LELT 6 μDFN 7.40 AAE MAX4865LEUT-T 6 SOT23-6 6.35 ABVP MAX4865LELT 6 μDFN 6.35 AAF MAX4866LEUT-T 6 SOT23-6 5.80 ABVQ MAX4866LELT 6 μDFN 5.80 AAG MAX4867EUT-T 6 SOT23-6 4.65 ABVN MAX4867ELT 6 μDFN 4.65 AAD Note: All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range. T = Tape and reel. Typical Operating Circuit ADAPTER (-28V TO +28V) P N OUTPUT 1μF GATEP EN GND IN Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet. GATEN MAX4864L MAX4865L MAX4866L MAX4867 VIO FLAG ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 General Description MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN to GND ..............................................................-0.3V to +30V GATEN, GATEP to GND ........................................-0.3V to +12V IN to GATEP ...........................................................-0.3V to +20V FLAG, EN to GND ....................................................-0.3V to +6V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 6-Pin µDFN (2mm x 2mm) (derate 2.1mW/°C above +70°C) ..............................................................168mW 6-Pin SOT23 (derate 8.7mW/°C above +70°C)............696mW Operating Temperature Range ..........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature .................................................... +150°C Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300°C Soldering Temperature (reflow) ......................................+240°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = +5V (MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L), VIN = +4V (MAX4867), TA = -40°C to +85°C, CGATEN = 500pF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Input Voltage Range Overvoltage Trip Level SYMBOL CONDITIONS VIN OVLO Overvoltage Lockout Hysteresis MIN 1.2 VIN rising UVLO Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis IN Supply Current UVLO Supply Current MAX4865L 5.95 6.35 6.75 MAX4866L 5.45 5.8 6.15 MAX4867 4.35 4.65 4.95 MAX4865L 65 MAX4866L 55 50 2.65 2.85 3.05 MAX4867 2.3 2.5 2.7 MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L 44 MAX4867 25 77 120 MAX4867 68 110 EN = GND MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L, VIN = +2.6V 8.5 22 8 18 EN = 1.6V MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L, VIN = 3.6V 0.4 2 IUVLO GATEN Pulldown Current VGATEN IPD 1µA load MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L MAX4867 0.4 2 9 9.83 10 7.5 7.85 8.0 µA µA µA V 12 32 65 GATEP Clamp Voltage VCLAMP 13.5 16.5 19.5 V GATEP Pulldown Resistor RGATEP 32 48 64 kΩ FLAG Output-Low Voltage VOL 0.4 V 1 µA FLAG Leakage Current ISINK = 1mA VFLAG = +5.5V EN Input-High Voltage VIH EN Input-Low Voltage VIL 2 VIN > OVLO, VGATEN = +5.5V V mV MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L EN = GND V mV MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L MAX4867, VIN = 3.6V GATEN Voltage V 7.8 75 IIN ISHD 28.0 7.4 MAX4867, VIN = +2.2V Shutdown Supply Current UNITS 7.0 MAX4864L VIN falling MAX MAX4864L MAX4867 Undervoltage Lockout Threshold TYP 1.5 _______________________________________________________________________________________ mA V 0.4 V Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection (VIN = +5V (MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L), VIN = +4V (MAX4867), TA = -40°C to +85°C, CGATEN = 500pF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL EN Input Leakage Current ILKG CONDITIONS MIN TYP EN = GND or +5.5V MAX UNITS 1 µA TIMING Startup Delay tSTART VIN > UVLO to VGATEN > 0.3V, Figure 1 20 50 80 ms FLAG Blanking Time tBLANK VGATEN > 0.3V to VFLAG < 0.3V, Figure 1 20 50 80 ms GATEN Turn-On Time tGON CGATEN = 500pF, VGATEN = 0.3V to +8V (MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L) VGATEN = 0.3V to +7V (MAX4867), Figure 1 10 tGOFF VIN rising at 3V/µs from +5V to +8V (MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L), or from +4V to +7V (MAX4867) VGATEN = 0.3V, CGATEN = 500pF, Figure 2 7 FLAG Assertion Delay tFLAG VIN rising at 3V/µs from 5V to 8V (MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L), or from +4V to +7V (MAX4867), VFLAG = 0.3V, Figure 2 3.5 µs Initial Overvoltage Fault Delay tOVP VIN rising at 3V/µs from 0V to +9V, time from VIN = 5V to IGATEN = 80% of IPD (GATEN pulldown current), Figure 3 1.5 µs GATEN Turn-Off Time ms 20 µs Disable Time tDIS VEN = +2.4V, VGATEN = 0.3V, Figure 4 2 µs Note 1: All parts are 100% tested at +25°C. Electrical limits across the full temperature range are guaranteed by design and correlation. +5V VIN VIN VUVLO VOVLO tFLAG +5V tGON tGOFF +8V (+7V)* tSTART VGATEN VGATEN +0.3V +0.3V VFLAG tBLANK *MAX4867 Figure 1. Startup Timing Diagram VIN +0.3V VFLAG +0.3V Figure 2. Shutdown Timing Diagram VEN VOVLO +2.4V 0V tOVP tDIS 80% IGATEN VGATEN Figure 3. Power-Up Overvoltage Timing Diagram +0.3V Figure 4. Disable Timing Diagram _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) REVERSE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE (MAX4864L) 200 150 100 0.3 EN = 0V REVERSE CURRENT (μA) 250 80 MAX4864 toc02 EN = 3V REVERSE CURRENT (μA) 300 SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) 0.4 MAX4864 toc01 350 REVERSE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE (MAX4864L) 0.2 0.1 MAX4864 toc03 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (MAX4864L) 60 DEVICE TURNS ON AT TRANSITION 40 20 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0 1 2 3 5 4 0 1 2 3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L GATEN VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE MAX4867 GATEN VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE POWER-UP RESPONSE 9 MAX4865L 6 3 12 GATEN VOLTAGE (V) MAX4864L 12 5 5V MAX4867 5V 9 IN 0V 6 10V GATEN 0V 5V 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 0V 0 2 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 6 8 20ms/div INPUT VOLTAGE (V) POWER-UP RESPONSE OVERVOLTAGE RESPONSE MAX4864 toc07 MAX4864 toc08 ADAPTER 5V/div 8V ADAPTER 5V IN 5V/div OUT 5V/div 8V IN 5V GATEN 5V/div IIN 1A/div IGATEN 10mA/div FLAG 5V/div 20ms/div 4 ADAPTER 0V 3 MAX4866L 4 MAX4864 toc06 15 MAX4864 toc04 15 MAX4864 toc05 0 GATEN VOLTAGE (V) MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection FLAG 5V/div 2μs/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ FLAG Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection POWER-UP OVERVOLTAGE RESPONSE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE RESPONSE MAX4864 toc09 MAX4864 toc10 8V 5V ADAPTER 0V ADAPTER 0V 8V IN 0V GATEP 0V IN 0V GATEN 0V 5V FLAG 0V 20ms/div 5V FLAG 0V 20ms/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection Pin Configuration TOP VIEW + + IN 1 GND 2 MAX4864L MAX4865L MAX4866L MAX4867 FLAG 3 SOT23 6 EN GND 1 5 GATEP FLAG 2 4 GATEN IN 3 MAX4864L MAX4865L MAX4866L MAX4867 6 GATEN 5 GATEP 4 EN μDFN Pin Description PIN MAX4864LEUT/ MAX4865LEUT/ MAX4866LEUT/ MAX4867EUT MAX4864LELT/ MAX4865LELT/ MAX4866LELT/ MAX4867ELT 1 3 IN 2 1 GND Ground 6 NAME FUNCTION Voltage Input. IN is both the power-supply input and the overvoltage sense input. 3 2 FLAG Fault-Indication Output. When EN goes high, FLAG becomes high-impedance. FLAG is asserted high during undervoltage lockout and overvoltage lockout conditions. FLAG is deasserted during normal operation. FLAG is an open-drain output. 4 6 GATEN n-Channel MOSFET Gate-Drive Output. GATEN is the output of an on-chip charge pump. When VUVLO < VIN < VOVLO, GATEN is driven high to turn on the external n-channel MOSFET. 5 5 GATEP p-Channel MOSFET Gate-Drive Output. GATEP is always on when input is above ground and off when input drops below ground. 6 4 EN Active-Low Enable Input. Connect to ground in normal operation. Drive EN high to disable device and enter shutdown mode. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 provide up to +28V overvoltage and negative voltage protection for low voltage systems. When the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage trip level, the MAX4864L/MAX4865L/ MAX4866L/MAX4867 turn off a low-cost external n-channel MOSFET to prevent damage to the protected components. The devices also drive an external p-channel MOSFET to protect against negative voltage inputs. An internal charge-pump (see the Functional Diagram), drives the MOSFET GATEN for a simple, robust solution. On power-up, the device waits for 50ms before driving GATEN high. The open-drain FLAG output is kept at a high impedance for an additional 50ms after GATEN goes high before deasserting. The FLAG output asserts high immediately to an overvoltage fault. Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L have a fixed +2.85V typical UVLO level, and the MAX4867 has +2.5V UVLO level. When VIN is less than the UVLO, the GATEN driver is held low and FLAG is asserted. Overvoltage Lockout (OVLO) The MAX4864L has a +7.4V typical OVLO threshold; the MAX4865L has +6.35V typical OVLO threshold; the MAX4866L has a +5.8V typical OVLO threshold; and the MAX4867 has a +4.65V typical OVLO threshold. When VIN is greater than OVLO, the GATEN driver is held low and FLAG is asserted. output voltage is a function of input voltage, as shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics. GATEP Driver When the input voltage drops below ground, GATEP goes high turning the external p-channel MOSFET off. When the input voltage goes above ground, GATEP pulls low and turns on the p-channel MOSFET. An internal clamp protects the p-channel MOSFET by insuring that the GATEP-to-IN voltage does not exceed +16V when the input (IN) rises to +28V. Device Operation The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 have an on-board state machine to control device operation. A flowchart is shown in Figure 5. On initial power-up, if VIN < UVLO or if VIN > OVLO, GATEN is held at 0V and FLAG is high. If UVLO < VIN < OVLO, the device enters startup after a 50ms internal delay. The internal charge pump is enabled, and GATEN begins to be driven above VIN by the internal charge pump. FLAG is held high during startup until the FLAG blanking period expires, typically 50ms after the GATEN starts going high. At this point, the device is in its on-state. At any time if VIN drops below UVLO, FLAG is driven high and GATEN is driven to ground. STANDBY GATEN = 0 FLAG = HIGH FLAG Output The open-drain FLAG output is used to signal to the host system when there is a fault with the input voltage. On power-up, FLAG is held high for 50ms after GATEN turns on, before deasserting. FLAG asserts immediately to overvoltage and undervoltage faults. When the fault condition is removed, FLAG deasserts 50ms after GATEN turns on. Connect a pullup resistor from FLAG to the logic I/O voltage of the host system. VIN > UVLO TIMER STARTS COUNTING t = 50ms VIN < UVLO GATEN Driver An on-chip charge pump is used to drive GATEN above IN, allowing the use of a low-cost n-channel MOSFET. The charge pump operates from the internal +5.5V regulator. The actual GATEN output voltage tracks approximately two times VIN until VIN exceeds +5.5V, or the OVLO trip level is exceeded, whichever comes first. The MAX4864L has a +7.4V typical OVLO, therefore GATEN remains relatively constant at approximately +10.5V for +5.5V < VIN < +7.4V. The MAX4866L has a +5.8V typical OVLO, but this can be as low as +5.5V. The GATEN OVLO CHECK GATEN = 0 FLAG = HIGH VIN > OVLO STARTUP GATEN DRIVEN HIGH FLAG = HIGH VIN > OVLO t = 50ms ON GATEN HIGH FLAG = LOW Figure 5. State Diagram _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Detailed Description MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection ADAPTER -28V TO +28V N P N OUTPUT 1μF that if the input is actually pulled low, the output will also be pulled low due to the parasitic body diode in the MOSFET. If this is a concern, then the back-to-back configuration should be used. MOSFET Selection IN GATEP MAX4864L MAX4865L MAX4866L MAX4867 GND The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 are designed for use with a complementary MOSFET or single p-channel and dual back-to-back n-channel MOSFETs. In most situations, MOSFETs with RON specified for a VGS of 4.5V work well. Also the VDS should be +30V for the MOSFET to withstand the full +28V IN range of the MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/ MAX4867. Table 1 shows a selection of MOSFETs which are appropriate for use with the MAX4864L/ MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867. GATEN VIO FLAG Figure 6. Back-to-Back External MOSFET Configuration IN Bypass Considerations Applications Information MOSFET Configuration The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 can be used with either a complementary MOSFET configuration as shown in the Typical Operating Circuit, or can be configured with a single p-channel MOSFET and back-toback n-channel MOSFETs as shown in Figure 6. The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 can drive either a complementary MOSFET or a single p-channel MOSFET and back-to-back n-channel MOSFETs. The back-to-back configuration has almost zero reverse current when the adapter is not present or when the adapter voltage is below the UVLO threshold. If reverse current leakage is not a concern, a single MOSFET can be used. This approach has half the loss of the back-to-back configuration when used with similar MOSFET types and is a lower cost solution. Note For most applications, bypass ADAPTER to GND with a 1µF ceramic capacitor. If the power source has significant inductance due to long lead length, take care to prevent overshoots due to the LC tank circuit and provide protection if necessary to prevent exceeding the +30V absolute maximum rating on IN. ESD Test Conditions ESD performance depends on a number of conditions. The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 are specified for ±15kV typical ESD resistance on IN when ADAPTER is bypassed to ground with a 1µF ceramic capacitor. Human Body Model Figure 7 shows the Human Body Model, and Figure 8 shows the current waveform it generates when discharged into a low impedance. This model consists of a 100pF capacitor charged to the ESD voltage of interest, which is then discharged into the device through a 1.5kΩ resistor. Table 1. MOSFET Suggestions PART Si5504DC CONFIGURATION/ PACKAGE VGS MAX (V) Complementary MOSFET/1206-8 ±20 VDS MAX (V) RON AT 4.5V (mΩ) +30 143 (n-MOSFET) -30 290 (p-MOSFET) Si5902DC Dual/1206-8 ±20 +30 143 (n-MOSFET) Si1426DH Single/µDFN-6 ±20 +30 115 (n-MOSFET) Si5435DC Single/1206-8 ±20 -30 80 (p-MOSFET) FDC6561AN Dual/SSOT-6 ±20 +30 145 (n-MOSFET) FDG315N Single/µDFN-6 ±20 +30 160 (n-MOSFET) FDC658P Single/SSOT-6 ±20 -30 75 (p-MOSFET) FDC654P Single/SSOT-6 ±20 -30 125 (p-MOSFET) 8 MANUFACTURER Vishay Siliconix Fairchild Semiconductor _______________________________________________________________________________________ Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection CHARGE-CURRENT LIMIT RESISTOR HIGHVOLTAGE DC SOURCE Cs 100pF RD 1.5kΩ IP 100% 90% DISCHARGE RESISTANCE Ir AMPERES STORAGE CAPACITOR DEVICE UNDER TEST 36.8% 10% 0 0 Figure 7. Human Body ESD Test Model CHARGE-CURRENT LIMIT RESISTOR HIGHVOLTAGE DC SOURCE Cs 150pF tDL CURRENT WAVEFORM Figure 8. Human Body Current Waveform RD 330Ω I 100% 90% DISCHARGE RESISTANCE STORAGE CAPACITOR TIME tRI IPEAK RC 50MΩ TO 100MΩ PEAK-TO-PEAK RINGING (NOT DRAWN TO SCALE) DEVICE UNDER TEST 10% tR = 0.7ns TO 1ns t 30ns 60ns Figure 9. IEC 1000-4-2 ESD Test Model Figure 10. IEC 1000-4-2 ESD Generator Current Waveform IEC 1000-4-2 Since January 1996, all equipment manufactured and/or sold in the European Union has been required to meet the stringent IEC 1000-4-2 specification. The IEC 1000-4-2 standard covers ESD testing and performance of finished equipment. It does not specifically refer to ICs. The MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/ MAX4867 help users design equipment that meets Level 3 of IEC 1000-4-2, without additional ESD-protection components. The main difference between tests done using the Human Body Model and IEC 1000-4-2 is higher peak current in IEC 1000-4-2. Because series resistance is lower in the IEC 1000-4-2 ESD test model (Figure 9), the ESD-withstand voltage measured to this standard is gen- erally lower than that measured using the Human Body Model. Figure 10 shows the current waveform for the ±8kV IEC 1000-4-2 Level 4 ESD Contact Discharge test. The Air-Gap test involves approaching the device with a charger probe. The Contact Discharge method connects the probe to the device before the probe is energized. Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 RC 1MΩ MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection Functional Diagram ADAPTER P GATEP N IN OUTPUT GATEN GND MAX4864L MAX4865L MAX4866L MAX4867 +15V CLAMP +5.5V REGULATOR 2x CHARGE PUMP GATE DRIVER VIO UVLO AND OVLO DETECTOR EN CONTROL LOGIC AND TIMER FLAG Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. 10 PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 6 µDFN L622-1 21-0164 6 SOT23 U6-1 21-0058 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Overvoltage Protection Controllers with Reverse Polarity Protection REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED 2 5/10 Deleted package codes from the Ordering Information table; updated the Pin Configuration, Figure 7, and Figure 8; deleted the transistor count from the Chip Information section 1, 6, 8, 9 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 11 © 2010 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX4864L/MAX4865L/MAX4866L/MAX4867 Revision History