CS5253B-8 3.0 A LDO 5-Pin 2.5 V Fixed Linear Regulator for Remote Sense Applications This new very low dropout linear regulator reduces total power dissipation in the application. To achieve very low dropout, the internal pass transistor is powered separately from the control circuitry. Furthermore, with the control and power inputs tied together, this device can be used in single supply configuration and still offer a better dropout voltage than conventional PNP–NPN based LDO regulators. In this mode the dropout is determined by the minimum control voltage. The CS5253B–8 is offered in a five–terminal D2PAK package, which allows for the implementation of a remote–sense pin permitting very accurate regulation of output voltage directly at the load, where it counts, rather than at the regulator. This remote sensing feature virtually eliminates output voltage variations due to load changes and resistive voltage drops. Typical load regulation measured at the sense pin is less than 1.0 mV for an output voltage of 2.5 V with a load step of 10 mA to 3.0 A. The CS5253B–8 has a very fast transient loop response. Internal protection circuitry provides for “bust–proof” operation, similar to three–terminal regulators. This circuitry, which includes overcurrent, short circuit, and overtemperature protection will self protect the regulator under all fault conditions. The CS5253B–8 is ideal for generating a 2.5 V supply to power graphics controllers used on VGA cards. Its remote sense and low value capacitance requirements make this a low cost high performance solution. The CS5253B–8 is optimized from the CS5253–1 to allow a lower value of output capacitor to be used at the expense of a slower transient response. Features VOUT Fixed @ 2.5 V ± 1.5% VPOWER Dropout < 0.40 V @ 3.0 A VCONTROL Dropout < 1.05 V @ 3.0 A 1.5% Trimmed Reference Fast Transient Response Remote Voltage Sensing Thermal Shutdown Current Limit Short Circuit Protection Drop–In Replacement for EZ1582 Backwards Compatible with 3–Pin Regulators Very Low Dropout Reduces Total Power Consumption • • • • • • • • • • • • Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 March, 2001 – Rev. 2 http://onsemi.com 1 5 D2PAK 5–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 936F Tab = VOUT Pin 1. VSENSE 2. GND 3. VOUT 4. VCONTROL 5. VPOWER MARKING DIAGRAM CS 5253B–8 AWLYWW 1 A WL, L YY, Y WW, W = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week ORDERING INFORMATION Device Package Shipping CS5253B–8GDP5 D2PAK* 50 Units/Rail CS5253B–8GDPR5 D2PAK* 750 Tape & Reel *5–Pin. 1 Publication Order Number: CS5253B–8/D CS5253B–8 RDIS VCONTROL +5.0 V 2.5 V @ 3.0 A VOUT VSENSE CS5253B–8 +3.3 V 10 µF 10 V VPOWER GND 33 µF 5.0 V CLOAD (Optional) 100 µF 5.0 V GND GND RDIS Figure 1. Application Diagram ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Rating Value Unit VPOWER Input Voltage 6.0 V VCONTROL Input Voltage 13 V 0 to 150 °C –65 to +150 °C 2.0 kV 230 peak °C Operating Junction Temperature Range, TJ Storage Temperature Range ESD Damage Threshold Lead Temperature Soldering: Reflow: (SMD styles only) (Note 1.) 1. 60 second maximum above 183°C. *The maximum package power dissipation must be observed. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C; 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 150°C; VSENSE = VOUT and GND = 0 V; unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage VCONTROL = 3.9 V to 12 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V to 5.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA to 3.0 A 2.463 (–1.5%) 2.5 2.538 (+1.5%) V Line Regulation VCONTROL = 3.9 V to 12 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V to 5.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA – 0.02 0.2 % Load Regulation VCONTROL = 3.9 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 10 mA to 3.0 A, with Remote Sense – 0.04 0.3 % Minimum Load Current (Note 2.) VCONTROL = 5.0 V, VPOWER = 3.3 V, ∆VOUT = +1.0% – 0 0 mA Control Pin Current (Note 3.) VCONTROL = 3.9 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 100 mA VCONTROL = 3.9 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 3.0 A – – 6.0 35 10 120 mA mA Ground Pin Current VCONTROL = 3.9 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 10 mA – 7 10 mA Current Limit VCONTROL = 3.9 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V, ∆VOUT = –4.0% 3.1 4.0 – A Short Circuit Current VCONTROL = 3.9 V, VPOWER = 3.13 V, VOUT = 0 V 2.0 3.5 – A CS5253B–8 2. The minimum load current is the minimum current required to maintain regulation. 3. The VCONTROL pin current is the drive current required for the output transistor. This current will track output current with roughly a 1:100 ratio. The minimum value is equal to the quiescent current of the device. http://onsemi.com 2 CS5253B–8 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C; 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 150°C; VSENSE = VOUT and GND = 0 V; unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit CS5253B–8 Ripple Rejection (Note 4.) VCONTROL = VPOWER = 3.9 V, VRIPPLE = 1.0 VP–P @ 120 Hz, IOUT = 3.0 A 60 80 – dB Thermal Regulation 30 ms Pulse, TA = 25°C – 0.002 – %/W VCONTROL Dropout Voltage (Minimum VCONTROL – VOUT) (Note 5.) VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 100 mA VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 1.0 A VPOWER = 3.13 V, IOUT = 3.0 A – – – 0.90 1.00 1.05 1.15 1.15 1.30 V V V VPOWER Dropout Voltage (Minimum VPOWER – VOUT) (Note 5.) VCONTROL = 3.9 V, IOUT = 100 mA VCONTROL = 3.9 V, IOUT = 1.0 A VCONTROL = 3.9 V, IOUT = 3.0 A – – – 0.05 0.15 0.40 0.15 0.25 0.60 V V V RMS Output Noise Freq = 10 Hz to 10 kHz, TA = 25°C – 0.003 – %VOUT Temperature Stability – 0.5 – – % Thermal Shutdown (Note 6.) – 150 180 210 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis – – 25 – °C VCONTROL Supply Only Output Current VCONTROL = 13 V, VPOWER Not Connected, GND = VOUT = VSENSE = 0 V – – 50 mA VPOWER Supply Only Output Current VPOWER = 6.0 V, VCONTROL Not Connected, GND = VOUT = VSENSE = 0 V – 0.1 1.0 mA 4. This parameter is guaranteed by design and is not 100% production tested. 5. Dropout is defined as either the minimum control voltage (VCONTROL) or minimum power voltage (VPOWER) to output voltage differential required to maintain 1.5% regulation at a particular load current. 6. This parameter is guaranteed by design, but not parametrically tested in production. However, a 100% thermal shutdown functional test is performed on each part. PACKAGE PIN DESCRIPTION PACKAGE PIN # D2PAK PIN SYMBOL 1 VSENSE 2 GND This pin is connected to system ground. 3 VOUT This pin is connected to the emitter of the power pass transistor and provides a regulated voltage capable of sourcing 3.0 A of current. 4 VCONTROL 5 VPOWER FUNCTION This Kelvin sense pin allows for remote sensing of the output voltage at the load for improved regulation. It is internally connected to the positive input of the voltage sensing error amplifier. This is the supply voltage for the regulator control circuitry. For the device to regulate, this voltage should be between 0.9 V and 1.3 V (depending on the output current) greater than the output voltage. The control pin current will be about 1.0% of the output current. This is the power input voltage. This pin is physically connected to the collector of the power pass transistor. For the device to regulate, this voltage should be between 0.1 V and 0.6 V greater than the output voltage depending on the output current. The output load current of 3.0 A is supplied through this pin. http://onsemi.com 3 CS5253B–8 VPOWER VCONTROL BIAS and TSD – + VREF EA IA + – VOUT VSENSE GND Figure 2. Block Diagram TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 2.501 5.0 4.0 2.499 Output Current (A) Reference Voltage (V) Measured at ∆VOUT = –1.5% 4.5 2.500 2.498 2.497 2.496 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.495 2.494 3.5 0.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0 Junction Temperature (°C) 1 2 3 4 5 VPOWER – VOUT (V) Figure 3. Output Voltage vs Junction Temperature Figure 4. Output Current vs VPOWER – VOUT http://onsemi.com 4 6 CS5253B–8 3.9 15 A/µs Short Circuit Output current Limit (A) VCONTROL = 5.0 V VPOWER = 3.3 V VOUT = 2.5 V CCONTROL = 10 µF CADJ = 0.1 µF VOUT CS5253–1 COUT = 330 µF VOUT CS5253B–8 COUT = 33 µF 80 A/µs ILOAD 10 mA to 3.0 A 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 0 20 60 80 100 120 140 Figure 6. Short Circuit Output Current vs Junction Temperature 0.12 12 0.10 10 VCONTROL = 13 V VOUT = 0 V VPOWER Not Connected TJ = 120°C 8 0.08 0.06 TJ = 20°C 6 4 0.04 TJ = 0°C 2 0.02 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 3.0 0 20 Output Current (A) 40 60 80 100 120 140 Junction Temperature (°C) Figure 7. Load Regulation vs Output Current Figure 8. VCONTROL Only Output Current vs Junction Temperature 30 500 VPOWER = 6.0 V VOUT = 0 V VCONTROL Not Connected 450 25 400 TJ = 120°C 350 20 IOUT (µA) VPOWER Dropout Voltage (V) 40 Junction Temperature (°C) IOUT (mA) Load Regulation (%) Figure 5. Transient Response Comparison between CS5253–1 and CS5253B–8 VCONTROL = 5.0 V VPOWER = 3.3 V 3.8 300 TJ = 0°C 250 200 TJ = 20°C 150 15 10 100 5 50 0 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Junction Temperature (°C) Output Current (A) Figure 10. VPOWER Only Output Current vs Junction Temperature Figure 9. VPOWER Dropout Voltage vs Output Current http://onsemi.com 5 CS5253B–8 90 5.0 VPOWER = 3.3 V VCONTROL = 5.0 V VOUT = 2.5 V TA = 25°C 70 Current Limit (A) Ripple Rejection (dB) 80 60 50 VIN – VOUT = 2.0 V IOUT = 3.0 A VRIPPLE = 1.0 VP–P COUT = 22 µF CADJ = 0.1 µF 40 30 20 10 101 102 103 104 105 4.5 4.0 3.5 106 0 0.5 1.0 Frequency (Hz) 2.0 1100 3.0 40 VPOWER = 2.05 V VCONTROL = 3.9 V VPOWER = 3.13 V 35 TJ = 0°C IOUT = 3.0 A ICONTROL (mA) 30 1000 TJ = 20°C 900 25 20 15 IOUT = 1.0 A 10 TJ = 120°C IOUT = 100 mA 5 800 2.5 Figure 12. Current Limit vs VOUT Figure 11. Ripple Rejection vs Frequency 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 3.0 2.5 0 20 40 Output Current (A) VPOWER = 3.3 V VCONTROL = 5.0 V ILOAD = 0 to 3.0 A VOUT = 2.5 V VOUT Shorted to VSENSE TJ = 0°C to 150°C 4 Unstable 3 2 Stable Region 1 0 0 10 80 100 120 Figure 14. VCONTROL Supply Current vs Junction Temperature 6 5 60 Junction Temperature (°C) Figure 13. VCONTROL Dropout Voltage vs Output Current ESR (Ω) VCONTROL Dropout Voltage (mV) 1.5 VOUT (V) 20 30 40 50 60 70 Capacitance (µF) Figure 15. Stability vs ESR http://onsemi.com 6 80 90 100 140 CS5253B–8 APPLICATIONS NOTES THEORY OF OPERATION DESIGN GUIDELINES The CS5253B–8 linear regulator is fixed at 2.5 V at currents up to 3.0 A. The regulator is protected against short circuits, and includes a thermal shutdown circuit with hysteresis. The output, which is current limited, consists of a PNP–NPN transistor pair and requires an output capacitor for stability. Remote Sense Remote sense operation can be easily obtained with the CS5253B–8 but some care must be paid to the layout and positioning of the filter capacitors around the part. The ground side of the input capacitors on the +5.0 V and +3.3 V lines and the local VOUT–to–ground output capacitor on the IC must be tied close to the ground pin of the regulator. This will establish the stability of the part. The IC ground may then be connected to ground remotely at the load, giving the ground portion remote sense operation. The VSENSE line can then be tied remotely at the positive load connection, giving the feedback remote sense operation. The remote sense lines should be Kelvin connected so as to eliminate the effect of load current voltage drop. An optional bypass capacitor may be used at the load to reduce the effect of load variations and spikes. VPOWER Function The CS5253B–8 utilizes a two supply approach to maximize efficiency. The collector of the power device is brought out to the VPOWER pin to minimize internal power dissipation under high current loads. VCONTROL provides for the control circuitry and the drive for the output NPN transistor. VCONTROL should be at least 1.0 V greater than the output voltage. Special care has been taken to ensure that there are no supply sequencing problems. The output voltage will not turn on until both supplies are operating. If the control voltage comes up first, the output current will be limited to about three milliamperes until the power input voltage comes up. If the power input voltage comes up first, the output will not turn on at all until the control voltage comes up. The output can never come up unregulated. The CS5253B–8 can also be used as a single supply device with the control and power inputs tied together. In this mode, the dropout will be determined by the minimum control voltage. Current Limit The internal current limit circuit limits the output current under excessive load conditions. Short Circuit Protection The device includes short circuit protection circuitry that clamps the output current at approximately 500mA less than its current limit value. This provides for a current foldback function, which reduces power dissipation under a direct shorted load. Output Voltage Sensing The CS5253B–8 five terminal linear regulator includes a dedicated VSENSE function. This allows for true Kelvin sensing of the output voltage. This feature can virtually eliminate errors in the output voltage due to load regulation. Regulation will be optimized at the point where the sense pin is tied to the output. Thermal Shutdown The thermal shutdown circuitry is guaranteed by design to activate above a die junction temperature of approximately 150°C and to shut down the regulator output. This circuitry has 25°C of typical hysteresis, thereby allowing the regulator to recover from a thermal fault automatically. RDIS +5.0 V VCONTROL +3.3 V VPOWER +Load VOUT VSENSE CS5253B–8 + 10 µF + GND 100 µF + 33 µF Remote Connections + Optional Local Connections –Load GND RDIS Figure 16. Remote Sense http://onsemi.com 7 CS5253B–8 Calculating Power Dissipation and Heat Sink Requirements A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment has a thermal resistance which is measured in degrees per watt. Like series electrical resistances, these thermal resistances are summed to determine the total thermal resistance between the die junction and the surrounding air, RΘJA. This total thermal resistance is comprised of three components. These resistive terms are measured from junction to case (RΘJC), case to heat sink (RΘCS), and heat sink to ambient air (RΘSA). The equation is: High power regulators such as the CS5253B–8 usually operate at high junction temperatures. Therefore, it is important to calculate the power dissipation and junction temperatures accurately to ensure that an adequate heat sink is used. Since the package tab is connected to VOUT on the CS5253B–8, electrical isolation may be required for some applications. Also, as with all high power packages, thermal compound in necessary to ensure proper heat flow. For added safety, this high current LDO includes an internal thermal shutdown circuit The thermal characteristics of an IC depend on the following four factors: junction temperature, ambient temperature, die power dissipation, and the thermal resistance from the die junction to ambient air. The maximum junction temperature can be determined by: RJA RJC RCS RSA The value for RΘJC is 2.5°C/watt for the CS5253B–8 in the D2PAK package. For a high current regulator such as the CS5253B–8 the majority of heat is generated in the power transistor section. The value for RΘSA depends on the heat sink type, while the RΘCS depends on factors such as package type, heat sink interface (is an insulator and thermal grease used?), and the contact area between the heat sink and the package. Once these calculations are complete, the maximum permissible value of RΘJA can be calculated and the proper heat sink selected. For further discussion on heat sink selection, see our application note “Thermal Management for Linear Regulators,” document number SR006AN/D, available through the Literature Distribution Center or via our website at http://www.onsemi.com. TJ(max) TA(max) PD(max) RJA The maximum ambient temperature and the power dissipation are determined by the design while the maximum junction temperature and the thermal resistance depend on the manufacturer and the package type. The maximum power dissipation for a regulator is: PD(max) (VIN(max) VOUT(min))IOUT(max) VIN(max) IIN(max) http://onsemi.com 8 CS5253B–8 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS D2PAK 5–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 936F–01 ISSUE O –T– SEATING PLANE B M NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS B AND M. 4. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED 0.025 (0.635) MAX. C E DIM A B C D E F G H J K M N A 1 2 3 4 5 K F G D H 5 PL 0.13 (0.005) M T B J M INCHES MIN MAX 0.326 0.336 0.396 0.406 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.035 0.045 0.055 0.090 0.110 0.067 BSC 0.098 0.108 0.018 0.025 0.204 0.214 0.055 0.066 0.000 0.004 N PACKAGE THERMAL DATA Parameter D2PAK, 5–Pin Unit RΘJC Typical 2.5 °C/W RΘJA Typical 10–50* °C/W *Depending on thermal properties of substrate. RΘJA = RΘJC + RΘCA. http://onsemi.com 9 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.28 8.53 10.05 10.31 4.31 4.57 0.66 0.91 1.14 1.40 2.29 2.79 1.70 BSC 2.49 2.74 0.46 0.64 5.18 5.44 1.40 1.68 0.00 0.10 CS5253B–8 Notes http://onsemi.com 10 CS5253B–8 Notes http://onsemi.com 11 CS5253B–8 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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