LTC490 Differential Driver and Receiver Pair U FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ DESCRIPTIO Low Power: ICC = 300µA Typical Designed for RS485 or RS422 Applications Single 5V Supply – 7V to 12V Bus Common Mode Range Permits ±7V Ground Difference Between Devices on the Bus Thermal Shutdown Protection Power-Up/-Down Glitch-Free Driver Outputs Permit Live Insertion or Removal of Package Driver Maintains High Impedance with the Power Off Combined Impedance of a Driver Output and Receiver Allows up to 32 Transceivers on the Bus 70mV Typical Input Hysteresis 28ns Typical Driver Propagation Delays with 5ns Skew for 2.5MB Operation Pin Compatible with the SN75179 Available in 8-Lead PDIP and SO Packages The LTC®490 is a low power differential bus/line transceiver designed for multipoint data transmission standard RS485 applications with extended common mode range (12V to –7V). It also meets the requirements of RS422. The CMOS design offers significant power savings over its bipolar counterpart without sacrificing ruggedness against overload or ESD damage. Excessive power dissipation caused by bus contention or faults is prevented by a thermal shutdown circuit which forces the driver outputs into a high impedance state. The receiver has a fail safe feature which guarantees a high output state when the inputs are left open. Both AC and DC specifications are guaranteed from 0°C to 70°C and 4.75V to 5.25V supply voltage range. , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. U APPLICATIO S ■ Low Power RS485/RS422 Transceiver Level Translator U ■ TYPICAL APPLICATIO LTC490 LTC490 5 D 3 DRIVER 120Ω 120Ω 6 RECEIVER R 4000 FT BELDEN 9841 8 R 2 RECEIVER 120Ω 120Ω 7 DRIVER D 4000 FT BELDEN 9841 LTC490 • TA01 490fb 1 LTC490 W W W AXI U U U W PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO U ABSOLUTE RATI GS (Note 1) Supply Voltage (VCC) ............................................... 12V Driver Input Currents ........................... – 25mA to 25mA Driver Input Voltages ...................... –0.5V to VCC + 0.5V Driver Output Voltages .......................................... ±14V Receiver Input Voltages ......................................... ±14V Receiver Output Voltages ............... –0.5V to VCC + 0.5V Operating Temperature Range LTC490C ................................................ 0°C to 70°C LTC490I ............................................. – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW VCC 1 R R 2 D 3 8 A 7 B 6 Z 5 Y LTC490CN8 LTC490CS8 LTC490IN8 LTC490IS8 D GND 4 N8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PDIP S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC SO S8 PART MARKING 490 490I TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 100°C/ W (N8) TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 150°C/ W (S8) Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specificatiions which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V ±5% SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VOD1 Differential Driver Output Voltage (Unloaded) IO = 0 ● MIN VOD2 Differential Driver Output Voltage (with Load) R = 50Ω (RS422) ● 2 1.5 TYP MAX 5 UNITS V V R = 27Ω (RS485) (Figure 1) ● ∆VOD Change in Magnitude of Driver Differential Output Voltage for Complementary Output States R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● VOC Driver Common Mode Output Voltage R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● 3 V ∆ VOC Change in Magnitude of Driver Common Mode Output Voltage for Complementary Output States R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● 0.2 V VIH Input High Voltage (D) ● VIL Input Low Voltage (D) ● 0.8 V lIN1 Input Current (D) ● ±2 µA Input Current (A, B) VIN = 12V ● 1 mA VIN = – 7V ● – 0.8 mA 0.2 V lIN2 VTH Differential Input Threshold Voltage for Receiver VCC = 0V or 5.25V – 7V ≤ VCM ≤12V ● 5 V 0.2 V 2.0 V – 0.2 ∆VTH Receiver Input Hysteresis VCM = 0V ● VOH Receiver Output High Voltage IO = –4mA, VID = 0.2V ● VOL Receiver Output Low Voltage IO = 4mA, VID = – 0.2V ● IOZR Three-State Output Current at Receiver VCC = Max 0.4V ≤ VO ≤ 2.4V ● ICC Supply Current No Load; D = GND or VCC ● RIN Receiver Input Resistance – 7V ≤ VO ≤ 12V ● 100 250 mA 100 250 mA 85 mA ±200 µA IOSD1 Driver Short-Circuit Current, VOUT = High VO = – 7V ● IOSD2 Driver Short-Circuit Current, VOUT = Low VO = 12V ● IOSR Receiver Short-Circuit Current 0V ≤ VO ≤ VCC ● VO = – 7V to 12V ● IOZ Driver Three-State Output Current 70 mV 3.5 V 300 0.4 V ±1 µA 500 µA 12 kΩ 7 ±2 490fb 2 LTC490 U SWITCHI G CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specificatiions which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V ±5% SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX tPLH Driver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 10 30 50 ns tPHL Driver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 10 30 50 ns tSKEW Driver Output to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● tr, tf Driver Rise or Fall Time RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 5 5 25 ns tPLH Receiver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 4) ● 40 70 150 ns tPHL Receiver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 4) ● 40 70 150 ns tSKD tPLH – tPHL Differential Receiver Skew RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 4) ● Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings are those beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive; all currents out of device pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground unless otherwise specified. UNITS 5 ns 13 ns Note 3: All typicals are given for VCC = 5V and Temperature = 25°C. U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Driver Output High Voltage vs Output Current TA = 25°C – 48 –24 0 48 32 16 0 0 1 2 3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 LTC490 • TPC01 TA = 25°C 80 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) –72 Driver Output Low Voltage vs Output Current TA = 25°C 64 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) –96 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Driver Differential Output Voltage vs Output Current 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 LTC490 • TPC02 0 1 2 3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 LTC490 • TPC03 490fb 3 LTC490 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Driver Skew vs Temperature 5 1.61 4 1.59 1.57 350 3 2 1.55 –50 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C ) 1 –50 100 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C ) LTC490 • TPC04 1.5 –50 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TIME (ns) 100 5 LTC490 • TPC07 3 –50 100 LTC490 • TPC06 0.8 I = 8mA 0.6 0.4 0.2 4 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C ) 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C ) Receiver Output Low Voltage vs Temperature 6 1.7 320 310 –50 100 7 2.1 1.9 330 Receiver tPLH-tPHL vs Temperature RO = 54Ω 2.3 340 LTC490 • TPC05 Driver Differential Output Voltage vs Temperature DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V) Supply Current vs Temperature SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 1.63 TIME (ns) INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) TTL Input Threshold vs Temperature 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C ) 100 LTC490 • TPC08 0 –50 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C ) 100 LTC490 • TPC09 490fb 4 LTC490 U U U PI FU CTIO S VCC (Pin 1): Positive Supply; 4.75V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.25V. Y (Pin 5): Driver Output. R (Pin 2): Receiver Output. If A > B by 200mV, R will be high. If A < B by 200mV, then R will be low. Z (Pin 6): Driver Output. D (Pin 3): Driver Input. A low on D forces the driver outputs Y low and Z high. A high on D will force Y high and Z low. A (Pin 8): Receiver Input. B (Pin 7): Receiver Input. GND (Pin 4): Ground Connection. TEST CIRCUITS Y R CL1 Y VOD2 R D VOC RDIFF DRIVER RECEIVER Z Z A CL2 R B 15pF LTC490 • F01 LTC490 • F02 Figure 1. Driver DC Test Load Figure 2. Driver/Receiver Timing Test Circuit U W W SWITCHI G TI E WAVEFOR S 3V D f = 1MHz : t r ≤ 10ns : t f ≤ 10ns 1.5V 1.5V 0V tPHL tPLH VO 80% 50% 10% –VO 90% VDIFF = V(Y) – V(Z) tr 50% 20% tf Z VO Y t SKEW 1/2 VO t SKEW 1/2 VO LTC490 • F03 Figure 3. Driver Propagation Delays VOD2 A-B –VOD2 INPUT f = 1MHz ; t r ≤ 10ns : t f ≤ 10ns 0V tPHL tPLH VOH R 0V 1.5V OUTPUT 1.5V VOL LTC490 • F04 Figure 4. Receiver Propagation Delays 490fb 5 LTC490 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Typical Application A typical connection of the LTC490 is shown in Figure 5. Two twisted-pair wires connect two driver/receiver pairs for full duplex data transmission. Note that the driver and receiver outputs are always enabled. If the outputs must be disabled, use the LTC491. There are no restrictions on where the chips are connected, and it isn’t necessary to have the chips connected at the ends of the wire. However, the wires must be terminated only at the ends with a resistor equal to their characteristic impedance, typically 120Ω. Because only one driver can be connected on the bus, the cable can be terminated only at the receiving end. The optional shields around the twisted pair help reduce unwanted noise, and are connected to GND at one end. The LTC490 can also be used as a line repeater as shown in Figure 6. If the cable length is longer than 4000 feet, the LTC490 is inserted in the middle of the cable with the receiver output connected back to the driver input. through the part. The thermal shutdown circuit disables the driver outputs when the internal temperature reaches 150°C and turns them back on when the temperature cools to 130°C. If the outputs of two or more LTC490 drivers are shorted directly, the driver outputs can not supply enough current to activate the thermal shutdown. Thus, the thermal shutdown circuit will not prevent contention faults when two drivers are active on the bus at the same time. Cables and Data Rate The transmission line of choice for RS485 applications is a twisted pair. There are coaxial cables (twinaxial) made for this purpose that contain straight pairs, but these are LTC490 8 RX 2 RECEIVER 120Ω DATA IN 7 6 Thermal Shutdown DX 3 DRIVER The LTC490 has a thermal shutdown feature which protects the part from excessive power dissipation. If the outputs of the driver are accidently shorted to a power supply or low impedance, source, up to 250mA can flow DATA OUT 5 LTC490 • F06 Figure 6. Line Repeater 5V 5V 1 LTC490 LTC490 SHIELD 8 RX 2 RECEIVER + DX 3 DRIVER 5 120Ω 6 7 6 0.01µF 1 DRIVER 3 DX + SHIELD 7 120Ω 8 5 4 0.01µF RECEIVER 2 RX 4 LTC490 • F05 Figure 5. Typical Connection 490fb 6 LTC490 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO less flexible, more bulky, and more costly than twisted pairs. Many cable manufacturers offer a broad range of 120Ω cables designed for RS485 applications. terrible losses at high data rates (>100kbs), and greatly reduce the maximum cable length. At low data rates however, they are acceptable and much more economical. Losses in a transmission line are a complex combination of DC conductor loss, AC losses (skin effect), leakage and AC losses in the dielectric. In good polyethylene cables such as the Belden 9841, the conductor losses and dielectric losses are of the same order of magnitude, leading to relatively low overall loss (Figure 7). Cable Termination When using low loss cables, Figure 8 can be used as a guideline for choosing the maximum line length for a given data rate. With lower quality PVC cables, the dielectric loss factor can be 1000 times worse. PVC twisted pairs have A quick look at the output of the driver will tell how well the cable is terminated. It is best to look at a driver connected to the end of the cable, since this eliminates the possibility of getting reflections from two directions. Simply look at the driver output while transmitting square wave data. If the cable is terminated properly, the waveform will look like a square wave (Figure 9). If the cable is loaded excessively (47Ω), the signal initially sees the surge impedance of the cable and jumps to an initial amplitude. The signal travels down the cable and is reflected back out of phase because of the mistermination. When the reflected signal returns to the driver, the amplitude will be lowered. The width of the pedestal is equal to twice the electrical length of the cable (about 1.5ns/foot). If the LOSS PER 100 FT (dB) 10 1.0 The proper termination of the cable is very important. If the cable is not terminated with its characteristic impedance, distorted waveforms will result. In severe cases, distorted (false) data and nulls will occur. 0.1 0.1 1.0 10 100 PROBE HERE FREQUENCY (MHz) LTC490 • F07 Figure 7. Attenuation vs Frequency for Belden 9841 Rt DX DRIVER RECEIVER RX 10k CABLE LENGTH (FT) Rt = 120Ω 1k Rt = 47Ω 100 10 10k Rt = 470Ω 100k 1M 2.5M 10M DATA RATE (bps) LTC490 • F09 LTC490 • F08 Figure 8. RS485 Cable Length Specification. Applies for 24 Gauge, Polyethylene Dielectric Twisted Pair Figure 9. Termination Effects 490fb 7 LTC490 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO cable is lightly loaded (470Ω), the signal reflects in phase and increases the amplitude at the driver output. An input frequency of 30kHz is adequate for tests out to 4000 feet of cable. AC Cable Termination Cable termination resistors are necessary to prevent unwanted reflections, but they consume power. The typical differential output voltage of the driver is 2V when the cable is terminated with two 120Ω resistors, causing 33mA of DC current to flow in the cable when no data is being sent. This DC current is about 60 times greater than the supply current of the LTC490. One way to eliminate the unwanted current is by AC coupling the termination resistors as shown in Figure 10. The coupling capacitor must allow high frequency energy to flow to the termination, but block DC and low frequencies. The dividing line between high and low frequency depends on the length of the cable. The coupling capacitor must pass frequencies above the point where the line represents an electrical one-tenth wavelength. The value of the coupling capacitor should therefore be set at 16.3pF per foot of cable length for 120Ω cables. With the coupling capacitors in place, power is consumed only on the signal edges, and not when the driver output is idling at a 1 or 0 state. A 100nF capacitor is adequate for lines up to 4000 feet in length. Be aware that the power savings start to decrease once the data rate surpasses 1/(120Ω × C). Fault Protection All of LTC’s RS485 products are protected against ESD transients up to 2kV using the human body model (100pF, 1.5kΩ). However, some applications need more protection. The best protection method is to connect a bidirectional TransZorb® from each line side pin to ground (Figure 11). A TransZorb is a silicon transient voltage suppressor that has exceptional surge handling capabilities, fast response time, and low series resistance. They are available from General Instruments, GSI and come in a variety of breakdown voltages and prices. Be sure to pick a breakdown voltage higher than the common mode voltage required for your application (typically 12V). Also, don’t forget to check how much the added parasitic capacitance will load down the bus. TransZorb is a registered trademark of General Instruments, GSI Y DRIVER 120Ω 120Ω Z C RECEIVER C = LINE LENGTH (FT) × 16.3pF RX LTC490 • F10 Figure 10. AC Coupled Termination LTC490 • F11 Figure 11. ESD Protection with TransZorbs 490fb 8 LTC490 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S RS232 Receiver RS232 IN RX RECEIVER 5.6k 1/2 LTC490 LTC490 • TA02 RS232 to RS485 Level Transistor with Hysteresis R = 220k Y 10k RS232 IN DRIVER 5.6k 1/2 LTC490 120Ω Z VY – VZ 19k HYSTERESIS = 10k • ———— ≈ —— R R LTC490 • TA03 490fb 9 LTC490 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO N8 Package 8-Lead PDIP (Narrow .300 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1510) .400* (10.160) MAX 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 .255 ± .015* (6.477 ± 0.381) .300 – .325 (7.620 – 8.255) .008 – .015 (0.203 – 0.381) ( +.035 .325 –.015 8.255 +0.889 –0.381 ) .045 – .065 (1.143 – 1.651) .130 ± .005 (3.302 ± 0.127) .065 (1.651) TYP .100 (2.54) BSC .120 (3.048) .020 MIN (0.508) MIN .018 ± .003 (0.457 ± 0.076) N8 1002 NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE INCHES MILLIMETERS *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .010 INCH (0.254mm) 490fb 10 LTC490 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO S8 Package 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow .150 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1610) .189 – .197 (4.801 – 5.004) NOTE 3 .045 ±.005 .050 BSC 8 .245 MIN 7 6 5 .160 ±.005 .150 – .157 (3.810 – 3.988) NOTE 3 .228 – .244 (5.791 – 6.197) .030 ±.005 TYP 1 RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT .010 – .020 × 45° (0.254 – 0.508) .008 – .010 (0.203 – 0.254) 3 4 .053 – .069 (1.346 – 1.752) .004 – .010 (0.101 – 0.254) 0°– 8° TYP .016 – .050 (0.406 – 1.270) NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN 2 .014 – .019 (0.355 – 0.483) TYP INCHES (MILLIMETERS) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .006" (0.15mm) .050 (1.270) BSC SO8 0303 490fb Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 11 LTC490 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC486/LTC487 Low Power Quad RS485 Drivers 110µA Supply Current LTC488/LTC489 Low Power Quad RS485 Receivers 7mA Supply Current LTC1480 3.3V Supply RS485 Transceiver Lower Supply Voltage LTC1481 Low Power RS485 Transceiver with Shutdown Lowest Power LTC1482 RS485 Transceiver with Carrier Detect ±15kV ESD, Fail-Safe LTC1483 Low Power, Low EMI RS485 Transceiver Slew Rate Limited Driver Outputs, Lowest Power LTC1484 RS485 Transceiver with Fail-Safe ±15kV ESD, MSOP Package LTC1485 10Mbps RS485 Transceiver High Speed LTC1518/LTC1519 52Mbps Quad RS485 Receivers Higher Speed, LTC488/LTC489 Pin-Compatible LTC1520 LVDS-Compatible Quad Receiver 100mV Threshold, Low Channel-to-Channel Skew LTC1535 2500V Isolated RS485 Transceiver Full-Duplex, Self-Powered Using External Transformer LTC1685 52Mbps RS485 Transceiver Industry-Standard Pinout, 500ps Propagation Delay Skew LTC1686/LTC1687 52Mbps Full-Duplex RS485 Transceiver LTC490/LTC491 Pin Compatible LTC1688/LTC1689 100Mbps Quad RS485 Drivers Highest Speed, LTC486/LTC487 Pin Compatible LTC1690 Full-Duplex RS485 Transceiver with Fail-Safe ±15kV ESD, LTC490 Pin Compatible LT1785/LTC1785A ±60V Protected RS485 Transceivers ±15kV ESD, Fail-Safe (LT1785A) LT1791/LTC1791A ±60V Protected Full-Duplex RS485 Transceivers ±15kV ESD, Fail-Safe (LT1791A), LTC491 Pin Compatible 490fb 12 Linear Technology Corporation LT/TP 0104 1K REV B • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1993