LC2MOS Quad 8-Bit DAC with Separate Reference Inputs AD7225 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VREF A VREFB VREF C VREFD DB7 DATA (8-BIT) DB0 WR A1 A2 DATA BUS Four 8-bit DACs with output amplifiers Separate reference input for each DAC Microprocessor compatible with double-buffered inputs Simultaneous update of all 4 outputs Operates with single or dual supplies Extended temperature range operation No user trims required Skinny 24-lead PDIP, CERDIP, SOIC, and SSOP packages 28-lead PLCC package VDD INPUT LATCH A DAC LATCH A DAC A A VOUTA INPUT LATCH B DAC LATCH B DAC B B VOUTB INPUT LATCH C DAC LATCH C DAC C C VOUTC INPUT LATCH D DAC LATCH D DAC D D VOUTD AD7225 CONTROL LOGIC LDAC VSS AGND DGND 00986-001 FEATURES Figure 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS The AD7225 contains four 8-bit voltage output digital-toanalog converters, with output buffer amplifiers and interface logic on a single monolithic chip. Each DAC has a separate reference input terminal. No external trims are required to achieve full specified performance for the part. 1. DACs and Amplifiers on CMOS Chip. The single-chip design of four 8-bit DACs and amplifiers allows a dramatic reduction in board space requirements and offers increased reliability in systems using multiple converters. Its pinout is aimed at optimizing board layout with all analog inputs and outputs at one end of the package and all digital inputs at the other. 2. Single- or Dual-Supply Operation. The voltage-mode configuration of the AD7225 allows single-supply operation. The part can also be operated with dual supplies, giving enhanced performance for some parameters. 3. Versatile Interface Logic. The AD7225 has a common 8-bit data bus with individual DAC latches, providing a versatile control architecture for simple interface to microprocessors. The double-buffered interface allows simultaneous update of the four outputs. 4. Separate Reference Input for Each DAC. The AD7225 offers great flexibility in dealing with input signals, with a separate reference input provided for each DAC and each reference having variable input voltage capability. The double-buffered interface logic consists of two 8-bit registers per channel—an input register and a DAC register. Control Input A0 and Control Input A1 determine which input register is loaded when WR goes low. Only the data held in the DAC registers determines the analog outputs of the converters. The double-buffering allows simultaneous update of all four outputs under control of LDAC. All logic inputs are TTL and CMOS (5 V) level compatible, and the control logic is speed compatible with most 8-bit microprocessors. Specified performance is guaranteed for input reference voltages from 2 V to 12.5 V when using dual supplies. The part is also specified for single-supply operation using a reference of 10 V. Each output buffer amplifier is capable of developing 10 V across a 2 kΩ load. The AD7225 is fabricated on an all ion-implanted, high speed, linear-compatible CMOS (LC2MOS) process, which is specifically developed to integrate high speed digital logic circuits and precision analog circuitry on the same chip. Rev. C Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD7225 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Digital Inputs Section ...................................................................9 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Interface Logic Information .......................................................... 10 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Ground Management and Layout ................................................ 11 Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1 Specification Ranges ...................................................................... 12 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Unipolar Output Operation .......................................................... 13 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Bipolar Output Operation ............................................................. 14 Single Supply ................................................................................. 4 AGND Bias ...................................................................................... 15 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 AC Reference Signal ....................................................................... 16 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5 Applications Information .............................................................. 17 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 6 Programmable Transversal Filter ............................................. 17 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7 Digital Word Multiplication ..................................................... 18 Terminology ...................................................................................... 8 Microprocesser Interface ............................................................... 19 Circuit Information .......................................................................... 9 VSS Generation ................................................................................ 20 Digital-to-Analog Section ........................................................... 9 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 21 Op Amp Section ........................................................................... 9 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 23 REVISION HISTORY 3/10—Rev. B to Rev. C Updated Format .................................................................. Universal Deleted 28-Terminal Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier Package ................................................................................. Universal Added 24-Lead SSOP Package .......................................... Universal Changes to Features Section............................................................ 1 Changes to Table 1 ............................................................................ 3 Changes to Table 2 ............................................................................ 4 Changes to Table 3 ............................................................................ 5 Changes to Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions Section ................................................................................................ 6 Added Table 4; Renumbered Sequentially .................................... 6 Changes to Specification Ranges section .................................... 12 Changes to Programmable Transversal Filter Section and Figure 21 .......................................................................................... 17 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 21 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 23 Rev. C | Page 2 of 24 AD7225 SPECIFICATIONS VDD = 11.4 V to 16.5 V, VSS = −5 V ± 10%; AGND = DGND = 0 V; VREFx = +2 V to (VDD − 4 V) 1, unless otherwise noted. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter STATIC PERFORMANCE Resolution Total Unadjusted Error Relative Accuracy Differential Nonlinearity Full-Scale Error Full-Scale Temperature Coefficient Zero Code Error Zero Code Error Temperature Coefficient REFERENCE INPUT Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance3 Channel-to-Channel Isolation3 AC Feedthrough3 DIGITAL INPUTS Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance3 Input Coding DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Voltage Output Slew Rate3 Voltage Output Settling Time3 Digital Feedthrough3 Digital Crosstalk3 Minimum Load Resistance POWER SUPPLIES VDD Range IDD ISS SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS3, 4 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 K, B Versions2 L, C Versions2 Unit 8 ±2 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±5 ±30 ±30 8 ±1 ±1/2 ±1 ±1/2 ±5 ±20 ±30 Bits LSB max LSB max LSB max LSB max ppm/°C typ mV max μV/°C typ 2 to (VDD − 4) 11 50 60 −70 2 to (VDD − 4) 11 50 60 −70 V min to V max kΩ min pF max dB min dB max 2.4 0.8 ±1 8 Binary 2.4 0.8 ±1 8 Binary V min V max μA max pF max 2.5 4 50 50 2 2.5 4 50 50 2 V/μs min μs max nV sec typ nV sec typ kΩ min VREF = 10 V; settling time to ±½ LSB Code transition all 0s to all 1s Code transition all 0s to all 1s VOUT = 10 V 11.4/16.5 10 9 11.4/16.5 10 9 V min to V max mA max mA max For specified performance Outputs unloaded; VIN = VINL or VINH Outputs unloaded; VIN = VINL or VINH 50 0 0 50 0 50 50 0 0 50 0 50 ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min Write pulse width Address to write setup time Address to write hold time Data valid to write setup time Data valid to write hold time Load DAC pulse width Maximum possible reference voltage. Temperature range is as follows for all versions: −40°C to +85°C. Sample tested at 25°C to ensure compliance. 4 Switching characteristics apply for single-supply and dual-supply operation. 1 2 3 Rev. C | Page 3 of 24 Conditions/Comments VDD = 15 V ± 5%, VREF = 10 V Guaranteed monotonic VDD = 14 V to 16.5 V, VREF = 10 V Occurs when each DAC is loaded with all 1s VREF = 10 V p-p sine wave at 10 kHz VREF = 10 V p-p sine wave at 10 kHz VIN = 0 V or VDD AD7225 SINGLE SUPPLY VDD = 15 V ± 5%; VSS = AGND = DGND = 0 V; VREFx = 10 V, unless otherwise noted. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter STATIC PERFORMANCE Resolution Total Unadjusted Error2 Differential Nonlinearity2 REFERENCE INPUT Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance3 Channel-to-Channel Isolation2, 3 AC Feedthrough2, 3 DIGITAL INPUTS Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance3 Input Coding DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Voltage Output Slew Rate3 Voltage Output Settling Time3 Digital Feedthrough2, 3 Digital Crosstalk2, 3 Minimum Load Resistance POWER SUPPLIES VDD Range IDD SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS3 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 1 2 3 K, B Versions1 L, C Versions1 Unit Conditions/Comments 8 ±2 ±1 8 ±1 ±1 Bits LSB max LSB max Guaranteed monotonic 2 to (VDD − 4) 11 50 60 −70 2 to (VDD − 4) 11 50 60 −70 V min to V max kΩ min pF max dB min dB max Occurs when each DAC is loaded with all 1s VREF = 10 V p-p sine wave at 10 kHz VREF = 10 V p-p sine wave at 10 kHz 2.4 0.8 ±1 8 Binary 2.4 0.8 ±1 8 Binary V min V max μA max pF max 2 4 10 10 2 2 4 10 10 2 V/μs min μs max nV sec typ nV sec typ kΩ min Code transition all 0s to all 1s Code transition all 0s to all 1s VOUT = 10 V 14.25/15.75 10 14.25/15.75 10 V min to V max mA max For specified performance Outputs unloaded; VIN = VINL or VINH 50 0 0 50 0 50 50 0 0 50 0 50 ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min Write pulse width Address to write setup time Address to write hold time Data valid to write setup time Data valid to write hold time Load DAC pulse width Temperature range is as follows for all versions: −40°C to +85°C. Sample tested at 25°C to ensure compliance. Switching characteristics apply for single-supply and dual-supply operation. Rev. C | Page 4 of 24 VIN = 0 V or VDD AD7225 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 3. Parameter VDD to AGND VDD to DGND VDD to VSS AGND to DGND Digital Input Voltage to DGND VREFx to AGND VOUTx to AGND1 Power Dissipation (Any Package) to 75°C Derates Above 75°C by Operating Temperature Commercial (K, L Versions) Industrial (B, C Versions) Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 1 Rating −0.3 V, +17 V −0.3 V, +17 V −0.3 V, +24 V −0.3 V, VDD −0.3 V, VDD + 0.3 V −0.3 V, VDD + 0.3 V VSS, VDD 500 mW 2.0 mW/°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −65°C to +150°C 300°C Outputs can be shorted to any voltage in the range VSS to VDD provided that the power dissipation of the package is not exceeded. Typical short-circuit current for a short to AGND or VSS is 50 mA. Rev. C | Page 5 of 24 AD7225 AD7225 21 VREF C 20 VREF D 4 3 2 1 28 27 26 PIN 1 INDENTFIER VREF A 6 AGND 7 AD7225 NC 8 25 VREF C 24 VREF D 23 A0 22 NC 21 A1 TOP VIEW 19 A0 AGND 6 (Not to Scale) 18 A1 DGND 7 DGND 9 LDAC 8 17 WR LDAC 10 20 WR DB7 9 16 DB0 DB7 11 19 DB0 DB6 10 15 DB1 DB5 11 14 DB2 DB4 12 13 DB3 13 14 15 16 17 18 DB4 NC DB3 DB2 DB1 00986-002 DB6 12 DB5 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) NC = NO CONNECT Figure 2. PDIP, SOIC, CERDIP, and SSOP 00986-003 VREF B 4 VREF A 5 VREF B VDD VDD VOUTD 22 VOUTC VSS 3 5 NC VOUTC VOUTD VOUTB 24 23 VOUTA VOUTB 1 VOUTA 2 VSS PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 3. PLCC Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. PDIP, SOIC, CERDIP, SSOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 N/A PLCC 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 1, 8, 15, 22 Mnemonic VOUTB VOUTA VSS VREFB VREFA AGND DGND LDAC DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 WR A1 A0 VREFD VREFC VDD VOUTD VOUTC NC Description DAC Channel B Voltage Output. DAC Channel A Voltage Output. Negative Power Supply Connection. Reference Voltage Connection for DAC Channel B. Reference Voltage Connection for DAC Channel A. Analog Ground Reference Connection. Digital Ground Reference Connection. Active Low Load DAC Signal. DAC register data is latched on the rising edge of LDAC. Data Bit 7 (Most Significant Data Bit). Data Bit 6. Data Bit 5. Data Bit 4. Data Bit 3. Data Bit 2. Data Bit 1. Data Bit 0 (Least Significant Data Bit). Active Low Data Write Signal. Input register data is latched on the rising edge of WR. DAC Address Select Pin. DAC Address Select Pin. Reference Voltage Connection for DAC Channel D. Reference Voltage Connection for DAC Channel C. Positive Power Supply Connection. DAC Channel D Voltage Output. DAC Channel C Voltage Output. No Internal Connection. Rev. C | Page 6 of 24 AD7225 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, VDD = 15 V, VSS = −5 V, unless otherwise noted. 8 VREF x = 10V 7 6 POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) TOTAL UNADJUSTED ERROR (LSB) 1.0 0.5 0 –0.5 IDD 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 ISS –4 –5 32 64 96 128 160 192 –7 –60 00986-004 0 224 INPUT CODE –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 4. Channel-to-Channel Matching 00986-007 –6 –1.0 Figure 7. Power Supply Current vs. Temperature 5 4 1.0 VOUTA ZERO CODE ERROR (mV) 0.5 0 –0.5 2 1 0 –1 VOUTD –2 VOUTC –3 VDD = 5V VDD = 12V VDD = 15V –5 –60 –1.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 VREF (V) –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 00986-005 0 VOUTB –4 Figure 5. Relative Accuracy vs. VREF 00986-008 RELATIVE ACCURACY (LSB) 3 Figure 8. Zero Code Error vs. Temperature 0.25 100 90 0 300µV –0.25 VDD = 5V VDD = 12V VDD = 15V 10 –0.50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 VREF (V) 12 13 Figure 6. Differential Nonlinearity vs. VREF 1ms/DIV Figure 9. Broadband Noise Rev. C | Page 7 of 24 00986-009 0% 00986-006 DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY (LSB) 0.50 AD7225 TERMINOLOGY Total Unadjusted Error Total unadjusted error is a comprehensive specification that includes full-scale error, relative accuracy, and zero code error. Maximum output voltage is VREF − 1 LSB (ideal), where 1 LSB (ideal) is VREF/256. The LSB size varies over the VREF range. Therefore, the zero code error, relative to the LSB size, increases as VREF decreases. Accordingly, the total unadjusted error, which includes the zero code error, also varies in terms of LSB over the VREF range. As a result, total unadjusted error is specified for a fixed reference voltage of 10 V. Relative Accuracy Relative accuracy or endpoint nonlinearity is a measure of the maximum deviation from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function. It is measured after allowing for zero code error and full-scale error and is normally expressed in LSB or as a percentage of full-scale reading. Differential Nonlinearity Differential nonlinearity is the difference between the measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of ±1 LSB maximum over the operating temperature range ensures monotonicity. Digital Feedthrough Digital feedthrough is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of the DAC due to a change in its digital input code. It is specified in nV sec and is measured at VREF = 0 V. Digital Crosstalk Digital crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one converter (not addressed) due to a change in the digital input code to another addressed converter. It is specified in nV sec and is measured at VREF = 0 V. AC Feedthrough AC feedthrough is the proportion of reference input signal that appears at the output of a converter when that DAC is loaded with all 0s. Channel-to-Channel Isolation Channel-to-channel isolation is the proportion of input signal from the reference of one DAC (loaded with all 1s) that appears at the output of one of the other three DACs (loaded with all 0s) The figure given is the worst case for the three other outputs and is expressed as a ratio in dB. Full-Scale Error Full-scale error is defined as FSE = Measured Value − Zero Code Error − Ideal Value Rev. C | Page 8 of 24 AD7225 CIRCUIT INFORMATION DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG SECTION The AD7225 contains four identical, 8-bit voltage mode digitalto-analog converters. Each DAC has a separate reference input. The output voltages from the converters have the same polarity as the reference voltages, allowing single-supply operation. A novel DAC switch pair arrangement on the AD7225 allows a reference voltage range from 2 V to 12.5 V on each reference input. Each DAC consists of a highly stable, thin-film, R-2R ladder and eight high speed NMOS, single-pole, double-throw switches. The simplified circuit diagram for Channel A is shown in Figure 10. Note that AGND is common to all four DACs. Settling time for negative-going output signals approaching AGND is similarly affected by VSS. Negative-going settling time for single-supply operation is longer than for dual-supply operation. Positive-going settling time is not affected by VSS. 500 400 VOUTA R 2R 2R 2R 2R DB0 DB5 DB6 DB7 VREF A AGND SHOWN FOR ALL 1s ON DAC VDD = +15V TA = 25°C VSS = –5V VSS = 0V ISINK (µA) 2R R 00986-010 R parameters that cannot be achieved with single-supply operation. In single-supply operation (VSS = 0 V = AGND), the sink capability of the amplifier, which is normally 400 μA, is reduced as the output voltage nears AGND. The full sink capability of 400 μA is maintained over the full output voltage range by tying VSS to −5 V. This is shown in Figure 11. 300 200 Figure 10. Digital-to-Analog Simplified Circuit Diagram Each VOUTx pin can be considered a digitally programmable voltage source with an output voltage of 100 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 VOUT (V) 00986-011 The input impedance at any of the reference inputs is code dependent and can vary from 11 kΩ minimum to infinity. The lowest input impedance at any reference input occurs when that DAC is loaded with Digital Code 01010101. Therefore, it is important that the reference presents a low output impedance under changing load conditions. The nodal capacitance at the reference terminals is also code dependent and typically varies from 15 pF to 35 pF. Figure 11. Variation of ISINK with VOUT Additionally, the negative VSS gives more headroom to the output amplifiers, which results in better zero code performance and improved slew rate at the output than can be obtained in the single-supply mode. DIGITAL INPUTS SECTION VOUTX = DX × VREFX where DX is a fractional representation of the digital input code and can vary from 0 to 255/256. The output impedance is that of the output buffer amplifier. OP AMP SECTION Each voltage mode DAC output is buffered by a unity gain noninverting CMOS amplifier. This buffer amplifier is capable of developing 10 V across a 2 kΩ load and can drive capacitive loads of 3300 pF. The AD7225 digital inputs are compatible with either TTL or 5 V CMOS levels. All logic inputs are static protected MOS gates with typical input currents of less than 1 nA. Internal input protection is achieved by an on-chip distributed diode between DGND and each MOS gate. To minimize power supply currents, it is recommended that the digital input voltages be driven as close to the supply rails (VDD and DGND) as practically possible. The AD7225 can be operated single or dual supply; operating with dual supplies results in enhanced performance in some Rev. C | Page 9 of 24 AD7225 INTERFACE LOGIC INFORMATION TO INPUT LATCH C Function High High High High Low High Low Low No operation. Device not selected. Input register of selected DAC transparent. Input register of selected DAC latched. All four DAC registers Transparent (that is, outputs respond to data held in respective input registers). Input registers are latched. All four DAC registers latched. DAC registers and selected input register transparent output follows input data for selected channel. 5V VINH VINL 0V t2 t3 t1 5V WR t6 t5 LDAC 5V t4 DATA IN DATA VALID 5V 0V NOTES 1. ALL INPUT SIGNAL RISE AND FALL TIMES MEASURED FROM 10% TO 90% OF 5V. tR = tF = 20ns OVER VDD RANGE. 2. TIMING MEASUREMENT REFERENCE LEVEL IS VINH + VINL 2 3. IF LDAC IS ACTIVATED PRIOR TO THE RISING EDGE OF WR, THEN IT MUST STAY LOW FOR t6 OR LONGER AFTER WR GOES HIGH. Table 6. Truth Table LDAC TO INPUT LATCH D ADDRESS Only the data held in the DAC register determines the analog output of the converter. The LDAC signal is common to all four DACs and controls the transfer of information from the input registers to the DAC registers. Data is latched into all four DAC registers simultaneously on the rising edge of LDAC. The LDAC signal is level triggered and therefore the DAC registers can be made transparent by tying LDAC low (in this case, the outputs of the converters respond to the data held in their respective input latches). LDAC is an asynchronous signal and is independent of WR. This is useful in many applications. However, in systems where the asynchronous LDAC can occur during a write cycle (or vice versa), care must be taken to ensure that incorrect data is not latched through to the output. If LDAC is activated prior to the rising edge of WR (or WR occurs during LDAC), LDAC must stay low for t6 or longer after WR goes high to ensure correct data is latched through to the output. Table 6 shows the truth table for AD7225 operation. Figure 12 shows the input control logic for the part; the write cycle timing diagram is given in Figure 13. High Low TO INPUT LATCH B A1 Figure 12. Input Control Logic Selected Input Register DAC A DAC B DAC C DAC D WR TO INPUT LATCH A Rev. C | Page 10 of 24 Figure 13. Write Cycle Timing Diagram 00986-013 A0 Low High Low High A0 WR Table 5. AD7225 Addressing A1 Low Low High High TO ALL DAC LATCHES LDAC 00986-012 The AD7225 contains two registers per DAC, an input register and a DAC register. The A0 and A1 address lines select which input register accepts data from the input port. When the WR signal is low, the input latches of the selected DAC are transparent. The data is latched into the addressed input register on the rising edge of WR. Table 5 shows the addressing for the input registers on the AD7225. AD7225 GROUND MANAGEMENT AND LAYOUT Because the AD7225 contains four reference inputs that can be driven from ac sources (see the AC Reference Signal section), careful layout and grounding is important to minimize analog crosstalk between the four channels. The dynamic performance of the four DACs depends on the optimum choice of board layout. Figure 14 shows the relationship between input frequency and channel-to-channel isolation. Figure 15 shows a printed circuit board layout that minimizes crosstalk and feedthrough. The four input signals are screened by AGND. VREF was limited to between 2 V and 3.24 V to avoid slew rate limiting effects from the output amplifier during measurements. SYSTEM GND PIN 1 VOUTA VOUTD VDD VREF B VREF C VREF A VREF D AGND DGND MSB LSB 00986-015 –70 Figure 15. Suggested PCB Layout for AD7225, Component Side (Top View) –60 –50 –40 VREF = 1.24V p-p –30 20k 50k 100k 200k 500k INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 00986-014 ISOLATION (dB) VOUTC VSS VDD = +15V VSS = –5V TA = 25°C –80 VOUTB Figure 14. Channel-to-Channel Isolation Rev. C | Page 11 of 24 AD7225 SPECIFICATION RANGES For the AD7225 to operate to rated specifications, its input reference voltage must be at least 4 V below the VDD power supply voltage. This voltage differential is the overhead voltage required by the output amplifiers. The AD7225 is specified to operate over a VDD range from 12 V ± 5% to 15 V ± 10% (that is, from 11.4 V to 16.5 V) with a VSS of −5 V ± 10%. Operation is also specified for a single 15 V ± 5% VDD supply. Applying a VSS of −5 V results in improved zero- code error, improved output sink capability with outputs near AGND, and improved negative-going settling time. Performance is specified over a wide range of reference voltages from 2 V to (VDD − 4 V) with dual supplies. This allows a range of standard reference generators to be used, such as the AD780, a 2.5 V band gap reference, and the AD584, a precision 10 V reference. Note that an output voltage range of 0 V to 10 V requires a nominal 15 V ± 5% power supply voltage. Rev. C | Page 12 of 24 AD7225 UNIPOLAR OUTPUT OPERATION VREF A VREF B VREF C VREF D This is the basic mode of operation for each channel of the AD7225, with the output voltage having the same positive polarity as VREFx. The AD7225 can be operated single supply (VSS = AGND) or with positive/negative supplies (see the Op Amp Section, which outlines the advantages of having negative VSS). Connections for the unipolar output operation are shown in Figure 16. The voltage at any of the reference inputs must never be negative with respect to DGND. Failure to observe this precaution may cause parasitic transistor action and possible device destruction. The code table for unipolar output operation is shown in Table 7. DB7 (MSB) DB0 (LSB) WR VDD DAC A VOUTA DAC B VOUTB DAC C VOUTC DAC D VOUTD A1 A2 LDAC VSS 1 1 LSB = (V REF )(2 −8 ) = V REF 256 AGND DGND 00986-016 AD7225 Note, Figure 16. Unipolar Output Circuit Table 7. Unipolar Code Table MSB 1111 DAC Latch Contents LSB 1111 Analog Output 255 ) + V REF ( 256 1000 0001 + V REF ( 129 256 ) 1000 0000 + V REF ( 128 256 ) = + 0111 1111 + V REF ( 127 256 ) 0000 0001 0000 0000 Rev. C | Page 13 of 24 1 ) + V REF ( 256 0V V REF 2 AD7225 BIPOLAR OUTPUT OPERATION VREF Each of the DACs of the AD7225 can be individually configured to provide bipolar output operation. This is possible using one external amplifier and two resistors per channel. Figure 17 shows a circuit used to implement offset binary coding (bipolar operation) with DAC A (DAC Channel A) of the AD7225. In this case, R1 VREF A R2 VDD +15V AD7225* VOUTA DAC A VSS With R1 = R2 AGND –15V DGND R1, R2 = 10kΩ ± 0.1%. *DIGITAL INPUTS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. Figure 17. Bipolar Output Circuit VOUT = (2D A − 1) × (VREF ) where DA is a fractional representation of the digital word in Latch A (0 ≤ DA ≤ 255/256). Table 8. Bipolar (Offset Binary) Code Table Mismatch between R1 and R2 causes gain and offset errors and, therefore, these resistors must match and track over temperature. The AD7225 can be operated in single supply or from positive/negative supplies. Table 8 shows the digital code vs. output voltage relationship for the circuit of Figure 17 with R1 = R2. MSB 1111 DAC Latch Contents LSB 1111 Analog Output + V REF (127 128 ) 1 ) + VREF (128 1000 0001 1000 0111 0000 1111 0V 0000 0001 − VREF (127 128 ) 0000 0000 Rev. C | Page 14 of 24 1 ) − VREF (128 − VREF (128 128 ) = 1 − V REF 00986-017 R2 R2 VOUT = 1 + × (D AVREF ) − × (VREF ) R1 R1 VOUT AD7225 AGND BIAS The AD7225 AGND pin can be biased above system ground (AD7225 DGND) to provide an offset zero analog output voltage level. Figure 18 shows a circuit configuration to achieve this for DAC Channel A of the AD7225. The output voltage, VOUTA, can be expressed as: VREF A VDD AD7225* VIN VOUTA DAC A AGND VOUTA = VBIAS + DA(VIN) VSS DGND *DIGITAL INPUTS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. 00986-018 VBIAS where DA is a fractional representation of the digital word in DAC Latch A (0 ≤ DA ≤ 255/256). Figure 18. AGND Bias Circuit For a given VIN, increasing AGND above system ground reduces the effective VDD − VREF, which must be at least 4 V to ensure specified operation. Note that, because the AGND pin is common to all four DACs, this method biases up the output voltages of all the DACs in the AD7225. Note that VDD and VSS of the AD7225 should be referenced to DGND. Rev. C | Page 15 of 24 AD7225 AC REFERENCE SIGNAL +15V +4V 15kΩ REFERENCE INPUT –4V +15V 10kΩ VREF A VDD AD7225* VOUTA DAC A VSS AGND DGND *DIGITAL INPUTS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. Figure 19. Applying an AC Signal to the AD7225 Rev. C | Page 16 of 24 00986-019 In some applications, it may be desirable to have ac reference signals. The AD7225 has multiplying capability within the upper (VDD − 4 V) and lower (2 V) limits of reference voltage when operated with dual supplies. Therefore, ac signals need to be ac-coupled and biased up before being applied to the reference inputs. Figure 19 shows a sine wave signal applied to VREFA. For input signal frequencies up to 50 kHz, the output distortion typically remains less than 0.1%. The typical 3 dB bandwidth figure for small signal inputs is 800 kHz. AD7225 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION INPUT AD7820 AM29520 AD7225 ADC TLC QUAD DAC SAMPLES VREF A VREF A h2 VOUTA AM7224 VOUT DAC VREF A h3 VOUTA VREF AD585 OUTPUT + VOUTC SHA VOUTD h1 REF FILTER VOUTB SAMPLES AD584 10V ACCUMULATOR OUTPUT VOUTA DELAYED INPUT VREF A h4 VOUTA VOUTA Xn FILTER INPUT Xn – 3 Xn – 2 T 1 T 2 h1 AD7225 Xn – 1 T 3 h2 4 h3 h4 QUAD DAC VREF FILTER OUTPUT GAIN SET 00986-020 + y(n) TAP WEIGHT Figure 20. Programmable Transversal Filter 0 PROGRAMMABLE TRANSVERSAL FILTER A discrete time filter can be described by either multiplication in the frequency domain or by convolution in the time domain: –20 –30 Xn h1 Xn – 2 Xn – 1 T 1 –90 –100 0 3 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.45 0.50 Figure 22. Predicted (Theoretical) Response N –30 hk Xn – k + 1 k=1 00986-021 N yn = 0.20 –10 + FILTER OUTPUT 0.15 0 hN hN – 1 0.10 –20 N –1 h3 0.05 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY (f/fS) T 2 h2 –80 Xn – N + 1 Xn – N T –60 –70 GAIN (dB) FILTER INPUT –50 00986-022 The convolution sum can be implemented using the special structure known as the transversal filter (see Figure 21). It consists of an N-stage delay line with N taps weighted by N coefficients, the resulting products being accumulated to form the output. The tap weights or coefficients hk are the nonzero elements of the impulse response and therefore determine the filter transfer function. A particular filter frequency response is realized by setting the coefficients to the appropriate values. This property leads to the implementation of transversal filters whose frequency response is programmable. –40 00986-023 k =1 GAIN (dB) N Y (ω) = H (ω) X (ω) or y n = ∑ hk X n − k +1 h1 = 0.117 h2 = 0.417 h3 = 0.417 h4 = 0.417 –10 –40 h1 (DAC A) = 00011110 h2 (DAC B) = 01101011 h3 (DAC C) = 01101011 h4 (DAC D) = 00011110 –50 –60 –70 –80 Figure 21. Transversal Filter A four-tap programmable transversal filter can be implemented using the AD7225 (see Figure 20). The input signal is first sampled and converted to allow the tapped delay line function to be provided by the AM29520. The multiplication of delayed input samples by fixed, programmable up weights is accomplished by the AD7225, the four coefficients or reference inputs being set by the digital codes stored in the AD7226. The resultant products are accumulated to yield the convolution sum output sample, which is held by the AD585. –90 –100 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 FREQUENCY (f/fS) 0.40 Figure 23. Actual Response Low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass filters can be synthesized using this arrangement. The particular up weights needed for any desired transfer function can be obtained using the standard Remez exchange algorithm. Figure 22 shows the theoretical low-pass frequency response produced by a four-tap transversal filter with the coefficients indicated. Although the theoretical prediction does not take into account the quantization of the input samples and the truncation of the coefficients, neverthe- Rev. C | Page 17 of 24 AD7225 less, there exists a good correlation with the actual performance of the transversal filter (see Figure 23). 15V DIGITAL WORD MULTIPLICATION 25kΩ VDD Because each DAC of the AD7225 has a separate reference input, the output of one DAC can be used as the reference input for another. This means that multiplication of digital words can be performed (with the result given in analog form). For example, if the output from DAC A is applied to VREFB, then the output from DAC B, VOUTB, can be expressed as: AD7225* VIN VREF A VOUTA VREF B VOUTB VREF C VOUTC 100kΩ 50kΩ 33kΩ Y 50kΩ 100kΩ VREF D VOUTD AGND DGND VSS where DA and DB are the fractional representations of the digital words in DAC Latch A and DAC Latch B, respectively. *DIGITAL INPUTS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. Figure 24. Complex Waveform Generation If DA = DB = D, the result is D × VREFA. 2 In this manner, the four DACs can be used on their own or in conjunction with an external summing amplifier to generate complex waveforms. Figure 24 shows one such application. In this case, the output waveform, Y, is represented by Y = −(x4 + 2x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 4) × VIN where x is the digital code that is applied to all four DAC latches. Rev. C | Page 18 of 24 00986-024 VOUTB = DA × DB × VREFA AD7225 MICROPROCESSER INTERFACE A15 A15 ADDRESS BUS 8085A/ 8088 ADDRESS DECODE WR ALE A0 A1 LDAC A0 A1 Z-80 ADDRESS DECODE AD7225* MREQ WR LATCH EN ADDRESS BUS A8 WR WR DB7 DB7 DB0 DB0 ADDRESS DATA BUS AD0 *LINEAR CIRCUITRY OMITTED FOR CLARITY. 00986-025 D7 AD7 LDAC AD7225* EN Figure 25. AD7225-to-8085A/8088 Interface, Double-Buffered Mode DATA BUS D0 *LINEAR CIRCUITRY OMITTED FOR CLARITY. 00986-026 A8 Figure 26. AD7225-to-Z-80 Interface, Double-Buffered Mode A23 A15 ADDRESS BUS ADDRESS BUS A1 A0 R/W A0 A1 ADDRESS DECODE 68008 LDAC AS AD7225* EN EN DB7 DB0 DATA BUS *LINEAR CIRCUITRY OMITTED FOR CLARITY. DB0 00986-027 D0 AD7225* R/W DB7 D7 A0 A1 WR LDAC DTACK WR E OR Φ2 ADDRESS DECODE Figure 27. AD7225-to-6809/6502 Interface, Single-Buffered Mode Rev. C | Page 19 of 24 D7 D0 DATA BUS *LINEAR CIRCUITRY OMITTED FOR CLARITY. Figure 28. AD7225-to-68008 Interface, Single-Buffered Mode 00986-028 6809/ 6502 AD7225 VSS GENERATION 1/6 CD4049AE 1/6 CD4049AE 1/6 CD4049AE 1/6 CD4049AE 1/6 CD4049AE Rev. C | Page 20 of 24 5.1kΩ 1/6 CD4049AE 47µF + 510Ω –VOUT 1N4001 1N4001 Figure 29. VSS Generation Circuit 47µF 5V1 00986-029 0.02µF + 510kΩ + Operating the AD7225 from dual supplies results in enhanced performance over single-supply operation on a number of parameters as previously outlined. Some applications may require this enhanced performance, but may only have a single power supply rail available. The circuit of Figure 29 shows a method of generating a negative voltage using one CD4049, operated from a VDD of 15 V. Two inverters of the hex inverter chip are used as an oscillator. The other four inverters are in parallel and used as buffers for higher output current. The square wave output is level translated to a negative-going signal, then rectified and filtered. The circuit configuration shown provides an output voltage of −5.1 V for current loadings in the range of 0.5 mA to 9 mA. This satisfies the AD7225 ISS requirement over the commercial operating temperature range. AD7225 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 1.280 (32.51) 1.250 (31.75) 1.230 (31.24) 24 13 1 12 0.280 (7.11) 0.250 (6.35) 0.240 (6.10) 0.325 (8.26) 0.310 (7.87) 0.300 (7.62) 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.060 (1.52) MAX 0.210 (5.33) MAX 0.195 (4.95) 0.130 (3.30) 0.115 (2.92) 0.015 (0.38) MIN 0.150 (3.81) 0.130 (3.30) 0.115 (2.92) 0.015 (0.38) GAUGE PLANE SEATING PLANE 0.022 (0.56) 0.018 (0.46) 0.014 (0.36) 0.005 (0.13) MIN 0.014 (0.36) 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20) 0.430 (10.92) MAX 0.070 (1.78) 0.060 (1.52) 0.045 (1.14) 071006-A COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-001 CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. CORNER LEADS MAY BE CONFIGURED AS WHOLE OR HALF LEADS. Figure 30. 24-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package [PDIP] Narrow Body (N-24-1) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) 0.098 (2.49) MAX 0.005 (0.13) MIN 24 13 1 12 PIN 1 0.200 (5.08) MAX 0.310 (7.87) 0.220 (5.59) 1.280 (32.51) MAX 0.060 (1.52) 0.015 (0.38) 0.320 (8.13) 0.290 (7.37) 0.150 (3.81) MIN 0.023 (0.58) 0.014 (0.36) 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.070 (1.78) SEATING 0.030 (0.76) PLANE 15° 0° 0.015 (0.38) 0.008 (0.20) CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. Figure 31. 24-Lead Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [CERDIP] Narrow Body (Q-24-1) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) Rev. C | Page 21 of 24 100808-A 0.200 (5.08) 0.125 (3.18) AD7225 0.180 (4.57) 0.165 (4.19) 0.048 (1.22) 0.042 (1.07) 0.056 (1.42) 0.042 (1.07) 4 0.048 (1.22) 0.042 (1.07) 5 PIN 1 IDENTIFIER 26 25 0.021 (0.53) 0.013 (0.33) 0.050 (1.27) BSC TOP VIEW (PINS DOWN) 11 12 0.020 (0.51) MIN 0.032 (0.81) 0.026 (0.66) 19 18 0.456 (11.582) SQ 0.450 (11.430) 0.495 (12.57) SQ 0.485 (12.32) 0.120 (3.04) 0.090 (2.29) BOTTOM VIEW (PINS UP) 0.430 (10.92) 0.390 (9.91) 0.045 (1.14) R 0.025 (0.64) 042508-A COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-047-AB CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. Figure 32. 28-Lead Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier [PLCC] (P-28) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) 15.60 (0.6142) 15.20 (0.5984) 13 24 7.60 (0.2992) 7.40 (0.2913) 12 2.65 (0.1043) 2.35 (0.0925) 0.30 (0.0118) 0.10 (0.0039) COPLANARITY 0.10 10.65 (0.4193) 10.00 (0.3937) 1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122) SEATING PLANE 0.75 (0.0295) ⋅ 45° 0.25 (0.0098) 8° 0° 0.33 (0.0130) 0.20 (0.0079) COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013-AD CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. Figure 33. 24-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_W] Wide Body (RW-24) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) Rev. C | Page 22 of 24 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) 06-07-2006-A 1 AD7225 8.50 8.20 7.90 13 24 5.60 5.30 5.00 1 8.20 7.80 7.40 12 0.65 BSC 0.38 0.22 SEATING PLANE 8° 4° 0° 0.95 0.75 0.55 060106-A 0.05 MIN COPLANARITY 0.10 0.25 0.09 1.85 1.75 1.65 2.00 MAX COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-150-AG Figure 34. 24-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [SSOP] (RS-24) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1, 2 AD7225BQ AD7225BRS AD7225BRS-REEL AD7225BRSZ AD7225CRS AD7225CRS-REEL AD7225CRSZ AD7225CRSZ-RL AD7225KN AD7225KNZ AD7225KP AD7225KP-REEL AD7225KPZ AD7225KR AD7225KR-REEL AD7225KRZ AD7225KRZ-REEL AD7225LN AD7225LNZ AD7225LP AD7225LP-REEL AD7225LPZ AD7225LPZ-REEL AD7225LR AD7225LR-REEL AD7225LRZ AD7225LRZ-REEL 1 2 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Total Unadjusted Error ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±2 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB Package Description 24-Lead CERDIP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead SSOP 24-Lead PDIP 24-Lead PDIP 28-Lead PLCC 28-Lead PLCC 28-Lead PLCC 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead PDIP 24-Lead PDIP 28-Lead PLCC 28-Lead PLCC 28-Lead PLCC 28-Lead PLCC 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead SOIC_W 24-Lead SOIC_W To order MIL-STD-883 processed parts, add /883B to part number. Contact your local sales office for military data sheet. Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. C | Page 23 of 24 Package Option Q-24-1 RS-24 RS-24 RS-24 RS-24 RS-24 RS-24 RS-24 N-24-1 N-24-1 P-28 P-28 P-28 RW-24 RW-24 RW-24 RW-24 N-24-1 N-24-1 P-28 P-28 P-28 P-28 RW-24 RW-24 RW-24 RW-24 AD7225 NOTES ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D00986-0-3/10(C) Rev. C | Page 24 of 24