19-1737; Rev 0; 7/00 External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies Features ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ High Precision (±1% max Error) Low Power (25µA Supply Current) Automatic Input Disable Shutdown (1µA max Supply Current) Inputs and Outputs High Impedance in Shutdown or When V+ = 0 +2.7V to +5.5V Supply Range 2.8V to 5.5V Regulation Adjust Range Parallelable for More than Four Inputs 10-Pin µMAX Package Ordering Information PART MAX1804EUB TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE -40°C to +85°C 10 µMAX Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet. Applications Remote Feedback Regulators High-Accuracy Regulators Desktop/Notebook Computers Servers and Workstations Subnotebooks and PDAs Typical Operating Circuit VIN DH SYSTEM SUPPLY VOUT A DL VOUT B RTOP REF FB VOUT C RBOTTOM ROUT OUT ADJ MAX1804 COMP GND V+ SHDN IN1 VOUT D IN2 IN3 IN4 ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples and the latest literature, visit www.maxim-ic.com or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769. MAX1804 General Description The MAX1804 feedback integrator is designed to improve voltage regulation in power-supply systems. The device corrects line- and load-regulation problems, and can be used to compensate for voltage drops in power-management distribution lines. The regulation set point is determined by an external reference voltage applied at the ADJ pin. The difference between that reference and MAX1804 feedback is integrated, and a correction current is applied to the voltage regulator’s feedback. The MAX1804’s four inputs allow voltage monitoring in several local and remote locations to correct for distribution losses caused by long traces, connectors, and switches. This eliminates the wasteful practice of permanently adjusting the regulator’s output voltage high enough to correct for worst-case voltage drops. This is especially helpful in systems where the load current varies widely and portions of the load are often shut down or disconnected (for example, in notebook computers). If a load switch is opened and the output voltage sensed at one input falls, the MAX1804 automatically disables that input and adjusts the regulator’s output voltage to the lowest of remaining active inputs. If all inputs are disabled, the OUT pin is in a high-impedance state and makes no output voltage correction. When SHDN is low, the MAX1804 draws less than 1µA and its inputs and output are high impedance. The MAX1804 is available in a 10-pin µMAX package, about half the size of an 8-pin SOIC. MAX1804 External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS V+, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, OUT, ADJ, SHDN to GND...…-0.3V, +6V COMP to GND ....................................................-0.3V, V+ +0.3V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 10-Pin µMAX (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C) ..........667mW Operating Temperature Extended Range ...........-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ..................…………………………+150°C Storage Temperature Range .……...……………-65°C to +165°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0°C to +85°C, VV+ = 3.3V, VADJ = 1.2V, VOUT = 2V, CV+ = 0.1µF, CCOMP = 470pF. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS Supply Voltage Range (V+) MIN TYP 2.7 Shutdown Supply Current (V+) SHDN = GND Quiescent Supply Current (V+) SHDN = V+ UVLO Threshold, Falling 2.3 UNITS 5.5 V 1 µA 25 35 µA 2.5 2.6 0.01 UVLO Threshold, Rising MAX 2.4 V V INTEGRATOR INPUTS IN1–IN4 IN_ Voltage Range 0 5.5 V IN_ Offset VV+ = 2.7V to 5.5V -15 15 mV IN_ Scale Factor VADJ = 0.7V to 1.4V 3.988 4.000 4.016 V/V IN_ Transconductance VIN_ = 4.75V to 4.85V, VCOMP = 1.3V 12 30 48 µS IN_ Bias Current VIN_ = 4.8V 1.5 2.7 µA IN_ Shutdown Current SHDN = GND 0.2 µA IN_ Leakage Current IN_ Disable Threshold 0.2 µA VADJ = 0.7V to 1.4V, VADJ x 4, falling edge IN_ Disable Threshold Hysteresis VADJ = 0.7V to 1.4V, rising edge VV+ = 0, V SHDN = 0 87 90 93 50 % mV ADJ INPUT ADJ Voltage Range 0.7 1.4 V ADJ Bias Current -20 20 nA ADJ Shutdown Current SHDN = GND 0.2 µA ADJ Leakage Current VV+ = 0, V SHDN = 0 0.2 µA COMP OUTPUT COMP Source Current VCOMP = 1.3V, VIN_ = 4.6V 1.6 2.0 2.4 µA COMP Sink Current VCOMP = 1.3V, VIN_ = 5.0V 1.6 2.0 2.4 µA COMP Output Voltage Low Sink 1µA, VIN_ = 5.0V 0.2 V COMP Output Voltage High Source 1µA, VIN_ = 4.6V 2.4 V OUT OUTPUT OUT Output Voltage Low OUT Output Leakage Current OUT Transconductance 2 IOUT = 10 µA, VIN_ = 4.6V 0.2 V SHDN = 0 0.1 VV+ = 0 0.1 VIN_ = 5.0V 0.1 VCOMP = 1V to 2V 4 10 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 22 V µA µS External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies (TA = 0°C to +85°C, VV+ = 3.3V, VADJ = 1.2V, VOUT = 2V, CV+ = 0.1µF, CCOMP = 470pF. Typical values are at TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SHDN INPUT Logic Input Voltage High VV+ = 2.7V to 5.5V Logic Input Voltage Low VV+ = 2.7V to 5.5V 2.0 Logic Input Current V -1 0.6 V 1 µA MAX UNITS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = -40°C to +85°C, VV+ = 3.3V, VADJ = 1.2V, VOUT = 2V, CV+ = 0.1µF, CCOMP = 470pF.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS Supply Voltage Range (V+) MIN 2.7 Shutdown Supply Current (V+) SHDN = GND Quiescent Supply Current (V+) SHDN = V+ UVLO Threshold, Rising UVLO Threshold, Falling TYP 5.5 V 1 µA 35 µA 2.6 V 2.3 V INTEGRATOR INPUTS IN1–IN4 IN_ Voltage Range 0 5.5 V IN_ Offset VV+ = 2.7V to 5.5V -20 20 mV IN_ Scale Factor VADJ = 0.7V to 1.4V 3.98 4.02 V/V IN_ Transconductance VIN_ = 4.75V to 4.85V, VCOMP = 1.3V 12 60 µS IN_ Bias Current VIN_ = 4.8V 2.7 µA IN_ Shutdown Current SHDN = GND 0.2 µA IN_ Leakage Current IN_ Disable Threshold VV+ = 0, V SHDN = 0 0.2 µA 87 93 % ADJ Voltage Range 0.7 1.4 V ADJ Bias Current -30 30 nA VADJ = 0.7V to 1.4V, VADJ x 4, falling edge ADJ INPUT ADJ Shutdown Current SHDN = GND 0.2 µA ADJ Leakage Current V V+ = 0, V SHDN = 0 0.2 µA COMP OUTPUT COMP Source Current VCOMP = 1.3V, VIN_ = 4.6V 1.6 2.4 µA COMP Sink Current VCOMP = 1.3V, VIN_ = 5.0V 1.6 2.4 µA COMP Output Voltage Low Sink 1µA, VIN_ = 5.0V 0.2 V COMP Output Voltage High Source 1µA, VIN_ = 0.6V OUT Output Voltage Low IOUT = 10µA, VIN_ = 4.6V 0.2 V SHDN = 0 0.1 OUT Output Leakage Current VV+ = 0 0.1 OUT Transconductance VCOMP = 1V to 2V 2.4 VIN = 5.0V V V µA 0.1 3 23 µS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX1804 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (TA = -40°C to +85°C, VV+ = 3.3V, VADJ = 1.2V, VOUT = 2V, CV+ = 0.1µF, CCOMP = 470pF.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SHDN INPUT Logic Input Voltage High VV+ = 2.7V to 5.5V Logic Input Voltage Low VV+ = 2.7V to 5.5V 2.0 Logic Input Current V -1 0.6 V 1 µA Note 1: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design and not production tested. Typical Operating Characteristics (VV+ = V SHDN = 3.3V, VADJ = 1.2V, VOUT = 2V, CCOMP = 470pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) IN_REGULATION SET-POINT ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE 27.5 27.0 26.5 26.0 25.5 VV+ = 3.3V 24.5 0.040 0.025 0.020 0.015 VADJ = 1.4V 0.010 0 0 20 40 60 -20 0 20 40 60 4.00 IN_SCALE FACTOR 25 20 15 10 80 2.5 COMP VOLTAGE (V) -20 0 3.0 3.5 20 40 60 80 CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.95 3.90 3.85 3.75 0 2.0 ∆VIN_ = 4.85V TO 4.75V VCOMP = 1.3V -40 3.80 5 1.5 24 TEMPERATURE (°C) 4.05 MAX1804toc04 30 1.0 26 IN_SCALE FACTOR vs. ADJ VOLTAGE OUT CURRENT vs. COMP VOLTAGE 0.5 28 TEMPERATURE (°C) NOTE: Circuit of Figure 1. TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 30 20 -40 80 0 CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV) -20 MAX1804toc05 -40 32 22 0.005 24.0 4 VADJ = 1.2V 0.035 0.030 34 MAX1804toc06 25.0 VADJ = 0.7V 0.045 MAX1804 toc03 28.0 0.050 MAX1804 toc02 VV+ = 5V IN_REGULATION SET-POINT ERROR (%) QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA) 28.5 MAX1804 toc01 29.0 IN_ (TO COMP) TRANSCONDUCTANCE vs. TEMPERATURE IN_TRANSCONDUCTANCE (µS) QUIESCENT CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE OUT CURRENT (µA) MAX1804 External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies -50 -100 MAX1804 OFF -150 -200 MAX1804 ON -250 VOUT = 5V (NOMINAL) CCOMP = 470pF -300 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 ADJ VOLTAGE (V) NOTE: Circuit of Figure 1. 1.2 1.4 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) NOTE: Application Circuit of Figure 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10 External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (APPLICATION CIRCUIT OF FIGURE2) LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX1804toc07 MAX1804toc08 CH1 CH1 0.5 CH2 0.01 CH5 CHR4 CH4 CHR3 CH3 CHR2 CH2 CHR1 400µs/div 100µs/div CH1 = ILOAD; 1.00A/div CH5 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 1000pF) CH4 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 470pF) CH3 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 220pF) CH2 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (MAX1804 DISABLED) VIN (MAX1653) = 8V CH1 = ILOAD; 500mA/div CH2 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 0.047µF) CHR4 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 1000pF) CHR3 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 2200pF) CHR2 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (CCOMP = 4700pF) CHR1 = VIN1; 500mV/div; AC-COUPLED (MAX1804 DISABLED) VIN (MAX603) = 8V NOTE: Circuit of Figure 3. STARTUP/SHUTDOWN WAVEFORM MAX1804toc10 MAX1804toc09 AUTOMATIC INPUT DISABLE WAVEFORM CHR1 CH1 CH1 IN2 ENABLE CH2 CH2 IN2 DISABLE IN2 DISABLE 200µs/div 200µs/div CH1 = SHDN, 2V/div CH2 = VIN2; 200mV/div; DC OFFSET = 4.7V ILOAD = 0.5A VIN (MAX1653) = 8V NOTE: Circuit of Figure 2. CHR1 = VG(PFET); 5V/div CH1 = VIN1; 200mV/div; DC OFFSET = 4.8V CH2 = VIN2; 2V/div VIN (MAX1653) = 8V NOTE: Circuit of Figure 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX1804 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VV+ = V SHDN = 3.3V, VADJ = 1.2V, VOUT = 2V, CCOMP = 470pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies MAX1804 Pin Description NAME PIN IN1 1 Sense Input 1. Connect to one of up to four inputs to be monitored. If IN_ is the lowest active input, IN_ will be regulated at 4 x V ADJ. If IN_ is less than 90% of the regulation set point (4 x VADJ), it is automatically disabled. IN2 2 Sense Input 2 IN3 3 Sense Input 3 IN4 4 Sense Input 4 ADJ 5 Regulation Adjustment Input. The voltage at this input adjusts the regulation set point of IN1–IN4.There is a 4x scale factor between V ADJ and the regulation set point. GND 6 Ground 7 Integrator Capacitor Connection. Connect a capacitor (>100pF) to GND to set the integrator time constant. See Integrator Gain-Bandwidth Product and Regulator Stability section. OUT 8 Open-Drain Output. Can sink at least 10µA if any of the inputs remain below the regulation set point. Connect OUT to the feedback point of the regulator-divider resistors. If OUT is connected through a resistor, its value relative to the regulator’s feedback-divider values sets the maximum positive adjustment range. See Setting the Maximum Regulator Output Adjustment Increase section. SHDN 9 Shutdown Control Input. When SHDN is low, the device is off and the supply current is reduced to about 10nA. All inputs are in high-impedance state. When SHDN is high, the device is on. V+ 10 Power-Supply Input. Bypass with 0.1µF capacitor to GND. COMP FUNCTION Detailed Description The MAX1804 is a precision external feedback integrator used for tight point-of-load regulation in power-management systems. The dynamic regulation of the output is still controlled by the power-supply regulator. The MAX1804 is used only to fine tune the output voltage, removing load- and line-regulation errors and voltage drops across switches and connectors that occur in the power-supply distribution line. The MAX1804 includes four remote-sense inputs and an output that connects to a voltage regulator’s feedback divider. It can be used with any regulator or controller with a high-impedance feedback input. Its OUT pin sinks current to increase the regulator’s set point so that the four IN_ inputs are at or above MAX1804’s regulation set point, which is four times the voltage applied to the ADJ pin. The MAX1804 monitors the input signals and compares the lowest to the voltage set point. The error between the input signal and the set point is integrated. The MAX1804 output stage generates a current based on the integrator output to adjust the regulator’s output voltage to meet the set point. 1k 1% +10V MAX400 1k 1% -10V 75k 1% 1M 1% 3.3V 25k 1% 3.3V V+ SHDN IN1 OUT IN2 MAX1804 ADJ IN3 IN4 COMP EXTERNAL REF 0.1µF 470pF Figure 1. Test Circuit for MAX1804 IN_ Regulation Set Point 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies 1 C3 VIN 10 C2 0.1µF 3 JU1 2 SHDN 6 11 JU2 1 2 3 C4 0.1µF U1 MAX1653 2 2 JU4 5 3 R1 0.033Ω 1% L1 15µH LX 15 8 SKIP D2 MBR0530 N1A IRF7303 1 SYNC RTOP 91k 1% PFET ILOAD PGND 12 3 REF CSH 8 REF C5 0.33µF 100k CSL 9 4 GND SS FB 7 1 RBOTTOM 100k 1% 562k VL C6 0.01µF V+ OUT IN1 SHDN JU3 ADJ 0.01µF 100k VOUT 5V± 5% C7 220µF 10V 7 2 DL 13 SYNC N1B IRF7303 BST 14 SHDN 5 4 DH 16 VL 3 6 3 VL V+ C1 22µF 35V 2 D1 CMPSH-3 4.5V TO 28V 4.7µF 16V MAX1804 VL 1M COMP EXT REF IN2 MAX1804 IN3 IN4 Figure 2. Application Circuit with Step-Down Regulator The MAX1804 only sinks current at OUT (Figure 4). The maximum sink current and maximum regulator voltage increase are limited by the minimum guaranteed OUT current of 10µA. The maximum regulator output voltage increase can be further limited by including a resistor between OUT and the feedback point of the regulator. If any of the IN_ inputs fall to 90% of the regulation set point, they are automatically disabled and OUT continues to regulate according to the lowest remaining active input. See Automatic Input Disable. Adjusting the Regulation Set Point The MAX1804 monitors the voltage at the IN1–IN4 sense inputs and regulates the lowest active input to four times the reference voltage at ADJ. The IN1–IN4 regulation set point is calculated as: VIN_ = 4 ✕ VADJ The total error in the MAX1804 regulation set point is: total percentage error = [(IN_scale factor x VADJ + IN_offset) / (4 x VADJ)] x 100% The maximum IN_ voltage is 5.5V. Use the MAX1804 for higher output voltages by using an external divider to divide down the desired output voltage at the IN1–IN4 pins. Since the IN_ input bias current is fairly high (1.5µA typ), choose the resistive divider accordingly. Automatic Input Disable The MAX1804 has an input buffer stage that monitors the sense inputs (IN1–IN4) and connects the lowest to its internal integrator (Figure 4). Each input is compared to 90% of the set point. If the input falls below this value, the input buffer is disabled and the output voltage is adjusted according to the lowest of the remaining active inputs (see Automatic Input Disable in Typical Operating Characteristics). If all four sense _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX1804 External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies FDV 304P 5V TO 11V IN 10µF OUT 10µF OFF ILOAD MAX603 GND Place the regulator’s feedback resistors and R OUT close to the regulator’s feedback pin to reduce noise pickup at the regulator’s feedback point, which can cause unstable switching in the regulator (Figure 5). Shutdown Mode 0 TO 500mA SET RTOP 300k RBOTTOM 100k RTOP 600k SHDN is a logic input that, when held low, places the MAX1804 in its low-power shutdown mode, reducing the supply current to 10nA (typ). The IN1–IN4, OUT, and ADJ are high impedance when the MAX1804 is in shutdown or when V+ is removed. Connect SHDN to V+ for normal operation. Undervoltage Lockout 1.25V REFERENCE V+ SHDN SET IN1 ADJ IN2 MAX1804 COMP 2200pF GND IN3 IN4 Figure 3. MAX1804 Used with Linear Regulator inputs are disabled, OUT is high impedance. Connect any unused input to GND. Setting the Maximum Regulator Output Voltage Increase The ratio between the maximum guaranteed OUT current of 10µA and the current in the regulator’s feedback resistive divider determines the maximum increase. The maximum increase in the regulator output voltage depends on the regulator’s upper feedback resistor (RTOP) and the sink current into OUT: ∆VOUT(MAX) = IOUT(MAX) x RTOP The maximum adjust current IOUT(MAX) can be further limited with a resistor (ROUT) between OUT and the feedback point of the regulator (see Typical Operating Circuit): IOUT(MAX) = VFB / ROUT where VFB is the voltage at the regulator’s feedback point. Therefore: ∆VOUT(MAX) = VFB x RTOP / ROUT The MAX1804 has an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) feature that deactivates the device when the supply voltage at V+ goes below 2.4V; IN1–IN4, OUT, and ADJ go to high impedance and do not affect the regulator operation. Hysteresis holds the device in lockout until the supply voltage at V+ rises above 2.6V. Integrator Gain-Bandwidth Product and Regulator Stability The MAX1804 gain-bandwidth (GBW) product is set by the external capacitor on COMP: GBW = [4 x (IN_ transconductance)] / (2π ✕ CCOMP) The bandwidth is typically 40kHz with a 470pF capacitor on COMP. For system stability, the integrator GBW product is typically set below the regulator circuit’s crossover frequency, if known. Switching regulators typically have crossover frequencies well below their switching frequencies. Setting the MAX1804’s GBW product too high can cause regulator loop instability, typically evidenced by ringing after transients. Setting the GBW product unnecessarily low will slow the MAX1804’s loop response to transients, although the regulator’s loop transient response will remain unaffected (see Load Transient Response in Typical Operating Characteristics). Often the regulator’s crossover frequency varies with load and is not easily found. If the regulator’s crossover frequency is unknown, the MAX1804’s gain-bandwidth product can be chosen empirically. Start with a fairly low capacitor value (470pF is a good starting point) and increase the value until the circuit is stable with all loads. Then increase the value further to ensure design margin. If transient response is unimportant, choose a large COMP capacitor value (such as 2200pF), thereby maximizing stability. and: ROUT = VFB x RTOP / ∆VOUT(MAX) 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies MAX1804 VBATT V+ +5V SYSTEM SUPPLY SYSTEM DC/DC FB3 ONA 47k FB5 GND ONB 51k 390k ONC OND 0.1µF V+ SHDN MAX1804 SHUTDOWN LOGIC UVLO IN1 EN 3R 1R SHDN OUT IN2 EN EN 3R 1R SHDN IN3 EN 3R 1R SHDN EN 470pF COMP IN4 EN 3R gm = 120µS 1R SHDN ADJ GND 1R 9R Figure 4. MAX1804 Functional Block Diagram _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX1804 External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies Choose feedback resistors (RTOP and RBOTTOM) for about 25µA current in the resistive divider for noise immunity. RTOP ROUT MAX1653 FB TO Therefore: MAX1804 RBOTTOM GND SHORT COMPACT PLACEMENT OF FEEDBACK RESISTORS REDUCES NOISE PICKUP Figure 5. Proper Layout of Feedback Resistors for Regulator (RTOP + RBOTTOM) = 4.8V / 25µA = 192kΩ For the MAX1653, the voltage at its feedback point VFB = 2.5V. Choose R TOP = 91kΩ and therefore, R BOTTOM = 100kΩ. If the desired adjustment range is +400mV, max OUT current (MAX1804) is given by: IOUT(MAX) = 0.4V / 91kΩ = 4.4µA Applications Information Layout Information Proper layout is essential due to high current levels and switching waveforms that generate noise. Place the regulator’s feedback resistors and ROUT (from the regulator feedback point to OUT of MAX1804) close to the regulator’s feedback point to prevent noise pickup (Figure 5). Minimize leakage of the COMP capacitor and traces around COMP because they cause IN_ set-point errors according to the IN_ transconductance. A leakage of ICOMP at COMP will result in an error given by: IN_ error voltage = ICOMP / (IN_ transconductance) For a typical value of IN_ transconductance of 30µS, a leakage of 0.1µA will result in an IN_ error voltage of 3mV in the set point. Design Example (Step-Down Converter Application) Figure 2 is an example of an application circuit using the MAX1804 for point-of-load regulation when using a step-down controller (MAX1653). Use the following design procedure to optimize the basic schematic. Begin the design by establishing the following: • Input voltage to the MAX1653 controller (7V to 20V) • Typical output voltage and accuracy of MAX1653 (5V ±5%) ROUT = VFB / IOUT(MAX) = 2.5V / 4.4µA = 562kΩ To guarantee that the output will not go below the target of 4.75V, including all error sources, set the MAX1804 nominal regulation point to 4.85V. Since: IN_scale factor = 4 x VADJ, VADJ = 1.2125V Divide the reference voltage down and bypass as required if using the MAX1653 reference voltage as shown in Figure 2. Assuming 0.1% resistor accuracy and using the MAX1653 reference, the error budget can be calculated as: Reference Accuracy ADJ Divider Accuracy Scale Factor Error IN_ Offset Voltage (-15mV) -0.3% Total -2.5% This gives a worst-case output voltage of 4.73V, which is below the target of 4.75V. The most-significant error source is the MAX1653 reference. Therefore, use a better reference, if available, in the system or increase the VADJ to increase the worst-case output voltage to 4.75V. The MAX1653 works well with the MAX1804’s GBW product set at 40kHz, so use a 470pF capacitor on COMP. This gives a target of: VOUT, min = 5V - 5% = 4.75V Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 636 To minimize power dissipation, set regulator output VOUT, R = 4.8V with MAX1653 feedback resistors. 10 -1.6% -0.2% -0.4% ______________________________________________________________________________________ External Four-Input Feedback Integrator for Power Supplies Note: MAX1804 does not feature exposed pads Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 11 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2000 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. MAX1804 Package Information