LM19 2.4V, 10µA, TO-92 Temperature Sensor General Description The LM19 is a precision analog output CMOS integratedcircuit temperature sensor that operates over a −55˚C to +130˚C temperature range. The power supply operating range is +2.4 V to +5.5 V. The transfer function of LM19 is predominately linear, yet has a slight predictable parabolic curvature. The accuracy of the LM19 when specified to a parabolic transfer function is ± 2.5˚C at an ambient temperature of +30˚C. The temperature error increases linearly and reaches a maximum of ± 3.8˚C at the temperature range extremes. The temperature range is affected by the power supply voltage. At a power supply voltage of 2.7 V to 5.5 V the temperature range extremes are +130˚C and −55˚C. Decreasing the power supply voltage to 2.4 V changes the negative extreme to −30˚C, while the positive remains at +130˚C. The LM19’s quiescent current is less than 10 µA. Therefore, self-heating is less than 0.02˚C in still air. Shutdown capability for the LM19 is intrinsic because its inherent low power consumption allows it to be powered directly from the output of many logic gates or does not necessitate shutdown at all. n n n n n n Battery Management FAX Machines Printers HVAC Disk Drives Appliances Features n n n n Rated for full −55˚C to +130˚C range Available in a TO-92 package Predictable curvature error Suitable for remote applications Key Specifications j Accuracy at +130˚C & −55˚C ± 2.5 ˚C (max) ± 3.5 to ± 3.8 ˚C (max) j Power Supply Voltage Range +2.4V to +5.5V j Accuracy at +30˚C j Current Drain 10 µA (max) j Nonlinearity ± 0.4 % (typ) Applications j Output Impedance 160 Ω (max) n Cellular Phones n Computers n Power Supply Modules j Load Regulation 0 µA < IL < +16 µA −2.5 mV (max) Typical Application Output Voltage vs Temperature 20004002 VO = (−3.88x10−6xT2) + (−1.15x10−2xT) + 1.8639 or 20004024 where: T is temperature, and VO is the measured output voltage of the LM19. FIGURE 1. Full-Range Celsius (Centigrade) Temperature Sensor (−55˚C to +130˚C) Operating from a Single Li-Ion Battery Cell © 2003 National Semiconductor Corporation DS200040 www.national.com LM19 2.4V, 10µA, TO-92 Temperature Sensor January 2003 LM19 Typical Application (Continued) Temperature (T) Typical VO +130˚C +303 mV +100˚C +675 mV +80˚C +919 mV +30˚C +1515 mV +25˚C +1574 mV 0˚C +1863.9 mV −30˚C +2205 mV −40˚C +2318 mV −55˚C +2485 mV Connection Diagram TO-92 20004001 See NS Package Number Z03A Ordering Information Order Temperature Number LM19CIZ www.national.com Temperature NS Package Accuracy Range Number Marking ± 3.8˚C −55˚C to +130˚C Z03A LM19CIZ 2 Device Transport Media Bulk Lead Temperature TO-92 Package Soldering (3 seconds dwell) (Note 1) Supply Voltage +6.5V to −0.2V Output Voltage (V+ + 0.6 V) to −0.6 V Output Current 10 mA Input Current at any pin (Note 2) Specified Temperature Range: 2.4 V ≤ V+≤ 2.7 V −65˚C to +150˚C Maximum Junction Temperature (TJMAX) 2.7 V ≤ V+≤ 5.5 V −55˚C ≤ TA ≤ +130˚C Supply Voltage Range (V ) +150˚C +2.4 V to +5.5 V Thermal Resistance, θJA(Note 4) TO-92 ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) : TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX −30˚C ≤ TA ≤ +130˚C + Human Body Model +240˚C Operating Ratings(Note 1) 5 mA Storage Temperature LM19 Absolute Maximum Ratings 150˚C/W 2500 V Machine Model 250 V Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for V+ = +2.7 VDC. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX ; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C; Unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 5) LM19C Limits Units (Limit) (Note 6) Temperature to Voltage Error VO = (−3.88x10−6xT2) + (−1.15x10−2xT) + 1.8639V (Note 7) ± 2.5 ± 3.5 ± 3.5 ± 3.2 ± 3.1 ± 3.0 ± 2.9 ± 3.3 ± 3.5 ± 3.8 TA = +25˚C to +30˚C TA = +130˚C TA = +125˚C TA = +100˚C TA = +85˚C TA = +80˚C TA = 0˚C TA = −30˚C TA = −40˚C TA = −55˚C ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (min) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) Output Voltage at 0˚C +1.8639 V Variance from Curve ˚C Non-Linearity (Note 8) −20˚C ≤ TA ≤ +80˚C ± 1.0 ± 0.4 Sensor Gain (Temperature Sensitivity or Average Slope) to equation: VO =−11.77 mV/˚CxT+1.860V −30˚C ≤ TA ≤ +100˚C −11.77 Output Impedance % −11.0 −12.6 mV/˚C (min) mV/˚C (max) 0 µA ≤ IL ≤ +16 µA (Notes 10, 11) 160 Ω (max) Load Regulation(Note 9) 0 µA ≤ IL ≤ +16 µA (Notes 10, 11) −2.5 mV (max) Line Regulation +2. 4 V ≤ V+ ≤ +5.0V +3.7 mV/V (max) +5.0 V ≤ V ≤ +5.5 V + Quiescent Current +11 mV (max) +2. 4 V ≤ V+ ≤ +5.0V 4.5 7 µA (max) +5.0V ≤ V+ ≤ +5.5V 4.5 9 µA (max) +2. 4 V ≤ V ≤ +5.0V 4.5 10 µA (max) +2. 4 V ≤ V+ ≤ +5.5V +0.7 µA −11 nA/˚C 0.02 µA + Change of Quiescent Current Temperature Coefficient of Quiescent Current Shutdown Current V+ ≤ +0.8 V 3 www.national.com LM19 Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: When the input voltage (VI) at any pin exceeds power supplies (VI < GND or VI > V+), the current at that pin should be limited to 5 mA. Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Note 4: The junction to ambient thermal resistance (θJA) is specified without a heat sink in still air. Note 5: Typicals are at TJ = TA = 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the measured and calculated output voltage at the specified conditions of voltage, current, and temperature (expressed in˚C). Note 8: Non-Linearity is defined as the deviation of the calculated output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the temperature range specified. Note 9: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance. Note 10: Negative currents are flowing into the LM19. Positive currents are flowing out of the LM19. Using this convention the LM19 can at most sink −1 µA and source +16 µA. Note 11: Load regulation or output impedance specifications apply over the supply voltage range of +2.4V to +5.5V. Note 12: Line regulation is calculated by subtracting the output voltage at the highest supply input voltage from the output voltage at the lowest supply input voltage. Typical Performance Characteristics Temperature Error vs. Temperature Thermal Response in Still Air 20004035 20004034 where T is the middle of the temperature range of interest and m is in V/˚C. For example for the temperature range of Tmin =−30 to Tmax =+100˚C: T=35˚C and m = −11.77 mV/˚C The offset of the linear transfer function can be calculated using the following equation: b = (VOP(Tmax) + VOP(T) + m x (Tmax+T))/2 , where: • VOP(Tmax) is the calculated output voltage at Tmax using the parabolic transfer function for VO • VOP(T) is the calculated output voltage at T using the parabolic transfer function for VO. Using this procedure the best fit linear transfer function for many popular temperature ranges was calculated in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2 the error that is introduced by the linear transfer function increases with wider temperature ranges. 1.0 LM19 Transfer Function The LM19’s transfer function can be described in different ways with varying levels of precision. A simple linear transfer function, with good accuracy near 25˚C, is VO = −11.69 mV/˚C x T + 1.8663 V Over the full operating temperature range of −55˚C to +130˚C, best accuracy can be obtained by using the parabolic transfer function VO = (−3.88x10−6xT2) + (−1.15x10−2xT) + 1.8639 solving for T: A linear transfer function can be used over a limited temperature range by calculating a slope and offset that give best results over that range. A linear transfer function can be calculated from the parabolic transfer function of the LM19. The slope of the linear transfer function can be calculated using the following equation: m = −7.76 x 10−6x T − 0.0115, www.national.com 4 LM19 1.0 LM19 Transfer Function (Continued) Tmin (˚C) Tmax (˚C) Linear Equation VO = Maximum Deviation of Linear Equation from Parabolic Equation (˚C) −55 +130 −11.79 mV/˚C x T + 1.8528 V −40 +110 −11.77 mV/˚C x T + 1.8577 V −30 +100 −11.77 mV/˚C x T + 1.8605 V -40 +85 −11.67 mV/˚C x T + 1.8583 V −10 +65 −11.71 mV/˚C x T + 1.8641 V +35 +45 −11.81 mV/˚C x T + 1.8701 V +20 +30 −11.69 mV/˚C x T + 1.8663 V ± 1.41 ± 0.93 ± 0.70 ± 0.65 ± 0.23 ± 0.004 ± 0.004 Temperature Range FIGURE 2. First Order Equations Optimized For Different Temperature Ranges. 2.0 Mounting The LM19 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface. The temperature that the LM19 is sensing will be within about +0.02˚C of the surface temperature to which the LM19’s leads are attached. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature measured would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature. To ensure good thermal conductivity the backside of the LM19 die is directly attached to the GND pin. The tempertures of the lands and traces to the other leads of the LM19 will also affect the temperature that is being sensed. Alternatively, the LM19 can be mounted inside a sealed-end metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM19 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often used to ensure that moisture cannot corrode the LM19 or its connections. The thermal resistance junction to ambient (θJA) is the parameter used to calculate the rise of a device junction temperature due to its power dissipation. For the LM19 the equation used to calculate the rise in the die temperature is as follows: TJ = TA + θJA [(V+ IQ) + (V+ − VO) IL] where IQ is the quiescent current and ILis the load current on the output. Since the LM19’s junction temperature is the actual temperature being measured care should be taken to minimize the load current that the LM19 is required to drive. The tables shown in Figure 3 summarize the rise in die temperature of the LM19 without any loading, and the thermal resistance for different conditions. TO-92 TO-92 no heat sink small heat fin θJA TJ − T A θJA TJ − T A (˚C/W) (˚C) (˚C/W) (˚C) Still air 150 TBD TBD TBD Moving air TBD TBD TBD TBD FIGURE 3. Temperature Rise of LM19 Due to Self-Heating and Thermal Resistance (θJA) 3.0 Capacitive Loads The LM19 handles capacitive loading well. Without any precautions, the LM19 can drive any capacitive load less than 300 pF as shown in Figure 4. Over the specified temperature range the LM19 has a maximum output impedance of 160 Ω. In an extremely noisy environment it may be necessary to add some filtering to minimize noise pickup. It is recommended that 0.1 µF be added from V+ to GND to bypass the power supply voltage, as shown in Figure 5. In a noisy environment it may even be necessary to add a capacitor from the output to ground with a series resistor as shown in Figure 5. A 1 µF output capacitor with the 160 Ω maximum output impedance and a 200 Ω series resistor will form a 442 Hz lowpass filter. Since the thermal time constant of the LM19 is much slower, the overall response time of the LM19 will not be significantly affected. 20004015 FIGURE 4. LM19 No Decoupling Required for Capacitive Loads Less than 300 pF. 5 www.national.com LM19 3.0 Capacitive Loads (Continued) R (Ω) C (µF) 200 1 470 0.1 680 0.01 1k 0.001 20004016 20004033 FIGURE 5. LM19 with Filter for Noisy Environment and Capacitive Loading greater than 300 pF. Either placement of resistor as shown above is just as effective. 4.0 Applications Circuits 20004018 FIGURE 6. Centigrade Thermostat 20004019 FIGURE 7. Conserving Power Dissipation with Shutdown www.national.com 6 LM19 4.0 Applications Circuits (Continued) 20004028 Most CMOS ADCs found in ASICs have a sampled data comparator input structure that is notorious for causing grief to analog output devices such as the LM19 and many op amps. The cause of this grief is the requirement of instantaneous charge of the input sampling capacitor in the ADC. This requirement is easily accommodated by the addition of a capacitor. Since not all ADCs have identical input stages, the charge requirements will vary necessitating a different value of compensating capacitor. This ADC is shown as an example only. If a digital output temperature is required please refer to devices such as the LM74. FIGURE 8. Suggested Connection to a Sampling Analog to Digital Converter Input Stage 7 www.national.com LM19 2.4V, 10µA, TO-92 Temperature Sensor Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 3-Lead TO-92 Plastic Package (Z) Order Number LM19CIZ NS Package Number Z03A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Americas Customer Support Center Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-800-272-9959 www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Customer Support Center Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 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