19-3895; Rev 1; 1/06 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface Applications Graphics Cards Notebook Computers Computer Motherboard Systems Desktop Computers Workstations Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE MAX6638ATE+ -40°C to +125°C PINPACKAGE PKG CODE 16 TQFN-EP* (4mm x 4mm) T1644-4 *EP = Exposed paddle. +Denotes lead-free package. SDA1 ALERT1 TOP VIEW SCK1 Pin Configuration 12 11 10 9 N.C. 13 8 GND ALERT2 14 7 N.C. 6 I.C. 5 N.C. MAX6638 SDA2 15 + 1 2 3 4 OVERT1 SCK2 16 DXN The MAX6638 operating temperature range is -40°C to +125°C and measures temperatures between 0°C and +145°C. The MAX6638 is available in a 16-pin, 4mm x 4mm TQFN with exposed paddle package. ♦ Autoscan Conversions DXP The MAX6638 performs measurements autonomously, at the programmed conversion rate, or in a single-conversion mode. Each SMBus port can set the conversion rate with the higher conversion and update rate dominating the average power-supply current. Single-conversion requests have a maximum delay of two conversion cycles with channel-conversion management and cycling regulated by the dual-port controller. ♦ High Accuracy ±1.0°C from +85°C to +100°C (Remote) ♦ Remote and Local Temperature Measurements ♦ Three Programmable Output Alarms: ALERT1, OVERT1, and ALERT2 ♦ Programmable Conversion Rates ♦ 11-Bit Low-Noise Integrating ADC ♦ No Calibration Required N.C. The MAX6638 provides three system alarms: channel 1 alert (ALERT1), overtemperature (OVERT1), and channel 2 alert (ALERT2) that contain programmable thresholds set independently by each of the SMBus serial ports (SMBus1 and SMBus2). Each alert output asserts when any of four temperature conditions is violated: local overtemperature, remote overtemperature, local undertemperature, or remote undertemperature. The overtemperature signal asserts when the temperature rises above the value in the overtemperature limit register. Use the OVERT1 output to activate a cooling fan or trigger a system shutdown. Each of the 2-wire serial-interface ports accepts standard System Management Bus (SMBus) write byte, read byte, send byte, and receive byte commands independently of one another with total collision avoidance handled by the MAX6638. Each SMBus can operate its own unique serial-data rate to access any register in the MAX6638 for data reads or data writes. The MAX6638 manages all dual-port data register access functions providing a seamless, conflict-free integration into a multimaster architecture for thermal management. ♦ Two Independent Interfaces with Collision Avoidance VCC The MAX6638 thermal-management sensor includes internal (local) and external (remote) digital temperature sensors and two independent SMBus™ serial ports. The remote temperature accuracy is ±1.0°C, and the local temperature accuracy is ±2°C. The MAX6638 also features extended temperature resolution data available in 0.125°C increments. Features SMBus/I 2C*-Compatible TQFN-EP Typical Operating Circuit appears at end of data sheet. SMBus is a trademark of Intel Corporation. *Purchase of I 2C components from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies, conveys a license under the Philips I 2C Patent Rights to use these components in an I 2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I 2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX6638 General Description MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (All voltages referenced to GND, unless otherwise noted.) VCC ....................................................................................-0.3V to +6.0V DXP.............................................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) DXN .......................................................................-0.3V to +0.8V SCK1, SDA1, SCK2, SDA2, ALERT1, OVERT1, ALERT2 .....................................................-0.3V to +6V SDA1, SDA2, ALERT1, OVERT1, ALERT2 ..........-1mA to +50mA DXN Current .......................................................................±1mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 16-Pin TQFN (derate 16.9 mW/°C above +70°C) ....1349 mW ESD Protection (all pins, Human Body Model) ................±2000V Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3.0V to 5.5V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 3.3V and TA = +85°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Supply Voltage SYMBOL CONDITIONS VCC MIN MAX UNITS 5.5 V 600 950 3.0 During conversion Operating Current TYP ADC not converting Standby Supply Current 80 SMBus1 and SMBus2 static 3 10 µA µA TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Remote Diode-Source Current IRJ Remote Temperature Error Local Temperature Error High level 80 100 120 Low level 8 10 12 VCC = 3.3V, TA = +85°C to +100°C, TRJ = +85°C to +145°C -1.0 +1.0 VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25°C to +100°C, TRJ = +25°C to +145°C -2.0 +2.0 VCC = 3.3V, TA = +0°C to +125°C, TRJ = 0°C to +145°C -3.0 +3.0 VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25°C to +85°C -2.0 +2.0 VCC = 3.3V, TA = 0°C to +125°C -3.5 +3.5 Supply Sensitivity of Temperature Error ±0.2 µA °C °C °C/V POWER-ON RESET Power-On-Reset Threshold VCC falling POR Threshold Hysteresis Undervoltage-Lockout Threshold VCC falling 2.30 Undervoltage-Lockout Hysteresis 1.9 V 90 mV 2.60 2.95 90 V mV ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Nonoverlapping single conversion from stop bit to conversion complete Conversion Time 23 32 39 ms ALERT1, OVERT1, ALERT2, SDA1, SDA2 Output Low Voltage Leakage Current 2 VOL IOL = 6mA 0.6 V ILEAK VOH = 5.5V ±1 µA _______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface (VCC = 3.0V to 5.5V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 3.3V and TA = +85°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SMBus INTERFACE (SCK1, SCK2, SDA1, SDA2) Logic Input Low Voltage VIL Logic Input High Voltage VIH Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance ILEAK 0.8 2.1 VIN = GND or VCC ±1 CIN V V 5 µA pF SMBus-COMPATIBLE TIMING (Figure 5) (Note 2) Serial-Clock Frequency fSCK Bus Free Time Between STOP and START Condition tBUF (Note 3) START Condition Setup Time 100 kHz 4.7 µs 4.7 µs Repeat START Condition Setup Time tSU:STA 90% of SCK_ to 90% of SDA_ 50 ns START Condition Hold Time tHD:STA 10% of SDA_ to 90% of SCK_ 4 µs STOP Condition Setup Time tSU:STO 90% of SCK_ to 90% of SDA_ 4 µs Clock Low Period tLOW 10% to 10% 4.7 µs Clock High Period tHIGH 90% to 90% 4.0 µs 250 ns Data Setup Time tSU:DAT Data Hold Time tHD:DAT (Note 4) 300 ns SMBus Rise Time tR 1 µs SMBus Fall Time tF 300 ns 60 ms SMBus Timeout Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: tTIMEOUT SDA_ low period for interface reset 30 45 All parameters are tested at a single temperature. Specifications over temperature are guaranteed by design. Timing specifications are guaranteed by design. Each serial interface resets when its SCK_ is low for more than tTIMEOUT. A transition must internally provide at least a hold time to bridge the unidentified region (300ns max) of SCK_’s falling edge. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX6638 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) AVERAGE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. CONVERSION RATE TA = +25°C 4 3 TA = -40°C 2 500 400 300 200 100 1 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 TA = +25°C 500 TA = -40°C 5 10 20 15 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) CONVERSION RATE (Hz) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) REMOTE TEMPERATURE ERROR vs. REMOTE DIODE TEMPERATURE LOCAL TEMPERATURE ERROR vs. DIE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE ERROR vs. POWER-SUPPLY NOISE FREQUENCY 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 LOCAL -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 40 60 100 120 80 REMOTE DIODE TEMPERATURE (°C) 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 2 0 REMOTE -2 0.01 140 -2 -3 -4 -5 1 MAX6638 toc08 2 REMOTE TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) -1 0.1 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 COMMON-MODE NOISE FREQUENCY (kHz) 0.01 10 100 1,000 10,000 POWER-SUPPLY NOISE FREQUENCY (kHz) REMOTE TEMPERATURE ERROR vs. DXP-DXN CAPACITANCE MAX6638 toc07 0 LOCAL TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 120 DIE TEMPERATURE (°C) LOCAL TEMPERATURE ERROR vs. COMMON-MODE NOISE FREQUENCY -6 0.01 4 -2.5 -3.0 20 MAX6638 toc06 MAX6638 toc05 6 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 0.4 0 LOCAL TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) MAX6638 toc04 0.6 -0.8 4 550 400 0 5.5 0.8 0 600 450 0 0 TA = +85°C 650 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 5 700 MAX6638 toc02 TA = +85°C SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 6 600 MAX6638 toc01 7 OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX6638 toc03 STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE REMOTE TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface 0.1 1 10 100 DXP-DXN CAPACITANCE (nF) _______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 VCC Supply Voltage. Bypass VCC to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor. A 47Ω series resistor is recommended for additional noise filtering, but not required. 2 DXP Combined Current Source and ADC Positive Input for Remote Diode. If a remote-sensing junction is not used, connect DXP to DXN. 3 DXN Combined Current Sink and ADC Negative Input for Remote Diode. DXN is internally biased to a diode voltage above ground. 4 OVERT1 5, 7, 12, 13 N.C. No Connection. Not connected internally. 6 I.C. Internally Connected. I.C. must be connected to GND. 8 GND 9 ALERT1 10 SDA1 11 SCK1 14 ALERT2 15 SDA2 SMBus Data Channel 2. Open-drain output. 16 SCK2 SMBus Clock Channel 2 EP GND Ground. Connect to ground. Digital Open-Drain Output. OVERT1 indicates an overtemperature condition on channel 1. Power-Supply Ground Digital Open-Drain Output. ALERT1 indicates alert condition on channel 1. SMBus Data Channel 1. Open-drain output. SMBus Clock Channel 1 Digital Open-Drain Output. ALERT2 indicates alert condition on channel 2. Detailed Description The MAX6638 temperature monitor features dual-port SMBus access for use in thermal management of graphics processing unit (GPU) and CPU systems. Each of the two SMBus serial ports can be accessed independently by two thermal-monitoring systems with all dual-port collision-avoidance logic controlled by the MAX6638. Each SMBus thermal-monitoring channel (channels 1 and 2) has a corresponding over/undertemperature ALERT_ open-drain output with independently configurable limit registers. Channel 1 includes an overtemperature indicator (OVERT1) with an initial set-point limit that is always activated after a power-on reset (POR). The initial OVERT1 set point can be overwritten after POR by SMBus1 serial programming. The overtemperature alarm OVERT1 asserts if the set-point limit is exceeded. temperature conversion results of the two temperature channels are in integer format. The MSBs of the temperature data are in 8-bit registers (addresses 00h and 01h; see Table 1) that represent the data as 8 bits with the full-scale reading to indicate a diode fault. The remaining 3 bits of temperature data are available in the extended data-registers format with the LSB equal to +0.125°C (addresses 11h and 10h; see Table 2). The converted readings are stored in SMBus reading registers along with the limit-value registers and other control functions. Table 1. Temperature Data Format (RLTS1, RRTS1, RLTS2, RRTS2) TEMPERATURE (°C) DIGITAL OUTPUT (hex) DIGITAL OUTPUT (bin) ADC and Multiplexer +145 91 1001 0001 The MAX6638 converts temperatures to digital data either at a programmed rate or in single conversions. Either SMBus controller can set the programmed rate with the higher rate setting taking precedence. The MAX6638 begins conversions at the maximum rate after POR to provide the OVERT1 output signal assertion for temperatures exceeding the set-point limit. The +130 82 1000 0010 +128 80 1000 0000 +25 19 0001 1001 0 00 0000 0000 <0 00 0000 0000 Diode fault FF 1111 1111 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX6638 Pin Description Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface MAX6638 Functional Diagram VCC MUX DXP DXN REMOTE CONTROL LOGIC ADC LOCAL SMBus 8 8 ALERT1 Q S R READ SDA1 WRITE SCK1 REGISTER BANK1 7 COMMAND BYTE REMOTE TEMPERATURE OVERT1 Q S R ADDRESS DECODER LOCAL TEMPERATURE ALERT THRESHOLD ALERT-RESPONSE ADDRESS OVERT THRESHOLD ALERT2 Q S R SMBus 8 8 READ SDA2 WRITE SCK2 REGISTER BANK2 COMMAND BYTE MAX6638 7 REMOTE TEMPERATURE LOCAL TEMPERATURE ADDRESS DECODER ALERT THRESHOLD ALERT-RESPONSE ADDRESS 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface once the conversion process starts, either in free-running (RUN = 0) or single-shot mode. A BUSY status bit in the status byte indicates that the device is performing a new conversion. The results of the previous conversion are always available even when the ADC is busy. If one of the two temperature sensors is not used, the MAX6638 still performs both measurements and ignores the results of the unused channel. When not using the remote-diode temperature sensor, connect DXP to DXN. The DXP-DXN differential input voltage range is 0.25V to 0.95V. Excess resistance in series with the remote diode causes a +0.5°C (typ) error per ohm. Table 2. Extended Temperature Data (RLET1, RRET1, RLET2, RRET2) FRACTIONAL TEMPERATURE (°C) DIGITAL OUTPUT (bin) 0.000 000X XXXX 0.125 001X XXXX 0.250 010X XXXX 0.375 011X XXXX 0.500 100X XXXX 0.675 101X XXXX 0.750 110X XXXX 0.875 111X XXXX The MAX6638 initiates conversion cycling after POR, after exiting standby mode from either SMBus channel, and upon one-shot request from either SMBus channel. One conversion cycle consists of two ADC conversions (one for the local temperature, one for the remote temperature), a diagnostic check on the remote temperature sensor, loading of data into the read registers, setting diagnostic flags, and setting ALERT1, ALERT2, and OVERT1, as required. Figure 1 shows the simplified timing sequence. ONE CONVERSION CYCLE ADC LOCAL TEMPERATURE ADC AND DIAGNOSTIC REMOTE TEMPERATURE START CONVERSION UPDATE REGISTERS DATA AVAILABLE TIME Figure 1. One Complete ADC Conversion Cycle CRCn START CONVERSION 250 500 750 1000 1250 06h 1500 1750 2000 TIME (ms) ONE CONVERSION CYCLE 05h 04h 03h 02h Figure 2. Repeating ADC Conversion Cycles for Various Conversion Rate Settings _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX6638 The averaging ADC integrates over a 16ms period (each channel, typical) with excellent noise rejection. The multiplexer automatically steers bias currents through the remote and local diodes. The ADC and associated circuitry measure each diode’s forward voltage and compute the temperature based on this voltage. Both temperature sensors automatically convert MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface SMBus1 CRC1 = 06h SMBus1 START CONVERSION 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE TIME (ms) SMBus1 DATA AVAILABLE SMBus2 CRC2 = 05h CYCLE SMBus2 START CONVERSION CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE SHADED BOXES INDICATE EXPECTED ADC CONVERSION CYCLING AND DATA READINGS OF SMBus2 FROM START CONVERSION ACTUAL DATA READY FROM ADC CONVERSIONS ACTUAL DATA READ BY SMBus2 Figure 3. An Example of ADC Cycling for Two Conversion Rates Set by Each Controllers on SMBus1 and SMBus2 The MAX6638 allows conversion rates that are 2x multiples of the minimum rate of 0.0625Hz. Figure 2 shows several different conversion rate settings. The ADC converts at the higher rate of the two conversions set by SMBus1 and SMBus2 controllers. The controller that sets the higher rate receives a new conversion at the higher conversion-rate time. The controller that sets the lower rate receives the most recent conversion result at the lower conversion-rate timing. Figure 3 shows an example of this. SMBus1 initiates the ADC converter by selecting conversion rate 06h (4Hz) prior to SMBus2 initiating a conversion. Then SMBus2 initiates conversions of 05h (2Hz) independent of the process initiated by SMBus1. The controller accesses data at its programmed time set by the initiated conversion time. The data presented to SMBus2 is always ready at the anticipated time, but the data is actually the result of a previous conversion sequence driven by the higher conversion rate set by SMBus1. The first SMBus channel that activates a conversion sequence always establishes the MAX6638 conversion cycling. The ADC conversion rates increase and decrease as set by each of the SMBus controllers with the higher conversion rate always dominating. Increasing the conversion rate with the ADC cycling increases the rate the MAX6638 performs cycles without losing sync of the previously established cycle timing. A decrease in conversion rate reduces the ADC cycling to the lower rate without losing sync with the previously set cycle pattern. The ADC cycling pattern is only reset following a POR event or upon exiting the standby mode through one of the SMBus controllers’ initiation of cycling or single-shot conversion. 8 Low-Power Standby Mode Standby mode reduces the supply current to 3µA (typ) by disabling the ADC and timing circuitry when both SMBus controller channels enable standby mode. Standby mode is enabled only when both SMBus controllers request standby mode. Set each of the RUN bits to 1 in each corresponding configuration register (see Tables 3 and 5) to enter standby mode. When one SMBus controller channel is set to standby mode, the other conversion rate is automatically set to the active channel’s conversion rate and mode. The MAX6638 retains all data in the registers and each SMBus interface is active and listening for SMBus commands. Standby mode is not a shutdown mode. With activity on either SMBus, the device draws more supply current (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). In standby mode, the MAX6638 performs an ADC conversion sequence through the one-shot command, regardless of either of the RUN bit statuses, upon receipt of a oneshot command from either SMBus controller. If the device receives standby commands from both SMBus controllers during a conversion, the conversion cycle truncates, and the data from that conversion is not latched into a temperature register. The previous data does not change and remains available. Supply current drawn during the 32ms conversion period is 800µA (typ). Slowing down the conversion rate reduces the average supply current (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). Between conversions, the conversion rate timer consumes 40µA (typ) of supply current. SMBus Interface From a software perspective, the MAX6638 appears as a set of byte-wide registers that contain temperature data, _______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface (TLOW_) limit register each for the local and remote temperature sensors. If either measured temperature equals or exceeds the corresponding ALERT_ threshold value, the ALERT_ output asserts. The MAX6638 local ALERT_ THIGH_ register POR state is 0101 0101, which corresponds to +85°C, while the remote ALERT_ THIGH_ register POR state is 0101 1111, which corresponds to +95°C. The POR state of the local and remote TLOW_ registers for all devices is 0000 0000, corresponding to 0°C. Two additional registers store remote and local alarm threshold data corresponding to the OVERT1 output accessible only through SMBus1. The MAX6638 stores high-temperature thresholds in these registers. If either of the measured temperatures equals or exceeds the corresponding alarm threshold value, the OVERT1 output asserts. The MAX6638 local OVERT1 register POR state is 0101 0101, corresponding to +85°C, while the remote OVERT1 register POR state is 0111 1101, corresponding to +125°C. Diode Fault Alarm-Threshold Registers A continuity fault detector at DXP detects an open circuit between DXP and DXN, or a DXP short to VCC, Four registers store ALERT threshold values: one high temperature (THIGH_) and one low temperature Write Byte Format S ADDRESS WR ACK COMMAND 7 bits ACK DATA 8 bits Slave Address: equivalent to chip-select line of a 3-wire interface ACK P 8 bits Command Byte: selects to which register you are writing 1 Data Byte: data goes into the register set by the command byte (to set thresholds, configuration masks, and sampling rate) Read Byte Format S ADDRESS WR ACK 7 bits COMMAND ACK S 8 bits Slave Address: equivalent to chip-select line ADDRESS Command Byte: selects from which register you are reading ACK COMMAND ACK P 8 bits Command Byte: sends command with no data, usually used for one-shot command S = Start condition P = Stop condition ACK DATA /// P 8 bits Slave Address: repeated due to change in dataflow direction Data Byte: reads from the register set by the command byte Receive Byte Format WR 7 bits RD 7 bits Send Byte Format S ADDRESS Shaded = Slave transmission /// = Not acknowledged S ADDRESS 7 bits RD ACK DATA /// P 8 bits Data Byte: reads data from the register commanded by the last read byte or write byte transmission; also used for SMBus alert response return address Figure 4. SMBus Protocols _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX6638 threshold limit values, and control. A standard SMBus 2-wire serial interface is used to read temperature data, write control bits, and set threshold data. The MAX6638 employs four standard SMBus protocols: write byte, read byte, send byte, and receive byte (Figure 4). Read the temperature data from the read internal temperature (00h) and read external temperature (01h) registers of each SMBus channel. The temperature data format for these registers is 8 bits for each temperature-sensor channel, with the LSB representing 1°C (Table 1). The temperature data transmits MSB first. The external extended-temperature register (10h) provides additional 3 bits, extending the data to 11 bits and the resolution to 0.125°C per LSB (Table 2). The main temperature register and the extended temperature registers update simultaneously upon completion of a conversion. To ensure the registers contain the results of the same conversion of the main temperature data (MSBs) and the extended temperature data (LSBs), read the data before a new conversion completes. MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface A B tLOW C D E F G H tHIGH I J K L M SMBCLK SMBDATA tSU:STA tHD:STA tSU:DAT A = START CONDITION B = MSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE C = LSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE D = R/W BIT CLOCKED INTO SLAVE E = SLAVE PULLS SMBDATA LINE LOW F = ACKNOWLEDGE BIT CLOCKED INTO MASTER G = MSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO SLAVE H = LSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO SLAVE tSU:STO tBUF L M I = MASTER PULLS DATA LINE LOW J = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCKED INTO SLAVE K = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCK PULSE L = STOP CONDITION M = NEW START CONDITION Figure 5. SMBus Write Timing Diagram A tLOW B C tHIGH D E F G H I J K SMBCLK SMBDATA tSU:STA tHD:STA tSU:DAT A = START CONDITION B = MSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE C = LSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE D = R/W BIT CLOCKED INTO SLAVE E = SLAVE PULLS SMBDATA LINE LOW tHD:DAT F = ACKNOWLEDGE BIT CLOCKED INTO MASTER G = MSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO MASTER H = LSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO MASTER I = MASTER PULLS DATA LINE LOW tSU:STO tBUF J = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCKED INTO SLAVE K = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCK PULSE L = STOP CONDITION M = NEW START CONDITION Figure 6. SMBus Read Timing Diagram GND, or DXN. If an open or short exists, each of the external temperature registers contains 1111 1111. When an open-circuit fault occurs, bit 2 (OPEN) in the status byte sets to 1. If a fault is present upon powerup, the fault is not indicated until the end of the first conversion cycle. ALERT_ Interrupts The ALERT_ interrupt occurs when the internal or external temperature reading exceeds a high- or low-temperature limit (programmed). The ALERT_ output signal latches and can only clear by either reading the status register or by successfully responding to an alertresponse address. In both cases, the alert clears if the temperature fault condition no longer exists. Asserting ALERT_ does not halt automatic conversion. The open- 10 drain ALERT_ outputs allow multiple devices to share a common interrupt line. The MAX6638 responds to the SMBus alert-response address, an interrupt pointer return-address feature. Prior to taking corrective action, always check to ensure that an interrupt is valid by reading the current temperature. Alert Fault-Queue Register In some systems, it is desirable to ignore a single temperature measurement that falls outside the ALERT_ limits. Bits 1 and 2 of the fault queue register (address 22h) determine the number of consecutive temperature faults necessary to set ALERT_. Alert-Response Address The SMBus alert-response interrupt pointer provides quick fault identification for simple slave devices that ______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface The alert response can activate several different slave devices simultaneously. If more than one slave attempts to respond, bus arbitration rules apply, and the device with the lower address code wins. The losing device does not generate an acknowledge response and continues to hold the ALERT_ line low until cleared. Successful completion of the read alertresponse protocol clears the interrupt latch, provided the condition that caused the alert no longer exists. Overtemperature Limit Output OVERT1 asserts when the temperature rises to a value stored in one of the OVERT1 limit registers (19h and 20h). It deasserts when the temperature drops below the stored limit, minus hysteresis. OVERT1 can be used to activate a cooling fan, send a warning, invoke clock throttling, or trigger a system shutdown to prevent component damage. Command-Byte Functions The 8-bit command-byte register (Table 3) is the master index that points to the various other registers within the MAX6638. The register’s POR state is 0000 0000, so a receive-byte transmission (a protocol that lacks the command byte) that occurs immediately after POR returns the current local-temperature data. One-Shot Conversion Cycle The one-shot command immediately forces a new conversion cycle to begin. If the MAX6638 receives a oneshot command while the MAX6638 is in standby mode (RUN = 1), a new conversion begins, after which the device returns to standby mode. If during a conversion the MAX6638 receives a one-shot command, the MAX6638 ignores the command; however, the results of the conversion in progress update the data registers accordingly. Configuration-Byte Functions The configuration-byte register (Tables 3 and 5) is a read-write register with several functions. Bit 7 masks interrupts. Bit 6 puts the MAX6638 into a standby (STOP) mode or autonomous (RUN) mode. The MAX6638 enters standby mode when both SMBus controllers set the corresponding configuration bits. Status-Byte Functions The status-byte register (Tables 3 and 4) indicates when any temperature threshold is exceeded. This byte also indicates whether the ADC is converting and if there is a fault detected in the external sense diode. After POR, the state of the flag bits are zero, assuming no alarm conditions are present. The status byte clears with any successful read of the status byte, after completion of a conversion and if the fault condition no longer exists. Note that the ALERT_ interrupt latch does not automatically clear when the status-flag bit indicating the ALERT_ clears. Registers The internal registers of the MAX6638 are all 8-bit data word width and are all accessible through SMBus by read and write operations. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX6638 lack the complex logic needed to be a bus master. Upon receiving an ALERT_ interrupt signal, the host master can broadcast a receive-byte transmission to the alert-response slave address (0001 100). Following such a broadcast, any slave device generating an interrupt attempts to identify itself by putting its own address on the bus. MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface Table 3. SMBus1 Registers and Command-Byte Bit Assignments REG. ADDRESS 12 REGISTER NAME ABBR. BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR VALUE 00h 00h Read Local Temp Sensor RLTS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 01h Read Remote Temp Sensor RRTS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 02h Read Status Byte RS1 BUSY LHIGH LLOW RHIGH EOT IOT 00h 03h Read Configuration Byte RC1 MASK RUN RFU RFU RFU RFU RFU RFU 00h 04h Read Conversion-Rate Byte RCR1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 05h Read Local ALERT1 High Limit RLAH1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 06h Read Local ALERT1 Low Limit RLAL1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 07h Read Remote ALERT1 High Limit RRAH1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 08h Read Remote ALERT1 Low Limit RRAL1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h RLOW FAULT 09h Write Configuration Byte WC1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 0Ah Write Conversion-Rate Byte WCR1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 08h 0Bh Write Local Alert-High Limit WLAH1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 0Ch Write Local Alert-Low Limit WLAL1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 0Dh Write Remote Alert-High Limit WRAH1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5Fh 0Eh Write Remote Alert-Low Limit WRAL1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00 0Fh One-Shot Conversion OSC1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 — 10h Read Local-Extended Temp RLET1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 11h Read Remote-Extended Temp RRET1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 19h Read/Write Remote OVERT1 Limit RWRO1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7Dh 20h Read/Write Local OVERT1 Limit RWLO1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 21h Overtemperature Hysteresis HYS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0Ah 22h Write Fault Queue WFQ1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 80h FEh Read Manufacturer ID RMID 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4Dh FFh Read Device ID RDID 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 78h ______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface BIT NAME POR STATE 7 BUSY 0 ADC is busy converting when 1. FUNCTION 6 LHIGH 0 Local High-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a local high-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 5 LLOW 0 Local Low-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a local low-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 4 RHIGH 0 Remote High-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a remote high-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 3 RLOW 0 Remote Low-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a remote low-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 2 OPEN 0 A 1 indicates DXN and DXP are open. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the open condition no longer exists. 1 EOT 0 A 1 indicates the remote temperature exceeds the external OVERT1 threshold. 0 IOT 0 A 1 indicates the local temperature exceeds the external OVERT1 threshold. Table 5. Read Configuration-Byte (RC1) Bit Assignments (03h) BIT NAME POR STATE FUNCTION 7 MASK 0 Masks ALERT1 interrupts when set to 1. 6 RUN 0 Standby-Mode Control Bit. If set to 1, standby mode enables and enters if the standby-mode control bit (RUN) for channel 2 is also set. 5–0 RFU 0 Reserved for future use. Table 6. Conversion-Rate Control-Byte (RCR1 and WCR1) Bit Assignments (04h and 0Ah) BIT DATA CONVERSION RATE (Hz) 7–0 00h 0.0625 7–0 01h 0.125 7–0 02h 0.25 7–0 03h 0.5 7–0 04h 1 7–0 05h 2 7–0 06h 4 7–0 07h 8 7–0 08h 16 7–0 09–FFh Reserved ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX6638 Table 4. Read Status-Byte (RS1) Bit Assignments (02h) MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface Table 7. SMBus2 Registers and Command-Byte Bit Assignments REG. ADDRESS 14 BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR VALUE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 3 2 REGISTER NAME ABBR. 00h Read Local Temp Sensor RLTS2 01h Read Remote Temp Sensor RRTS2 7 6 5 4 02h Read Status Byte RS2 BUSY LHIGH LLOW RHIGH 03h Read Configuration Byte RC2 MASK RUN RFU RFU 04h Read Conversion-Rate Byte RCR2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 05h Read Local ALERT1 High Limit RLAH2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 06h Read Local ALERT1 Low Limit RLAL2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 07h Read Remote ALERT1 High Limit RRAH2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5Fh 08h Read Remote ALERT1 Low Limit RRAL2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 09h Write Configuration Byte WC2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 0Ah Write Conversion Rate Byte WCR2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 08h 0Bh Write Local Alert-High Limit WLAH2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 0Ch Write Local Alert-Low Limit WLAL2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 0Dh Write Remote Alert-High Limit WRAH2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5Fh 0Eh Write Remote Alert-Low Limit WRAL2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 0Fh One-Shot Conversion OSC2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 — 10h Read Local-Extended Temp RLET2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 11h Read Remote-Extended Temp RRET2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h 19h Read/Write Remote OVERT1 Limit RWRO2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7Dh 20h Read/Write Local OVERT1 Limit RWLO2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 55h 21h Overtemperature Hysteresis HYS2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0Ah RLOW FAULT RFU RFU 1 0 00h RFU RFU 00h RFU RFU 00h 22h Write Fault Queue WFQ2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 80h FEh Read Manufacturer ID RMID 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4Dh FFh Read Device ID RDID 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 78h ______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface BIT NAME POR STATE FUNCTION 7 BUSY 0 ADC is busy converting when 1. 6 LHIGH 0 Local High-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a local high-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 5 LLOW 0 Local Low-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a local low-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 4 RHIGH 0 Remote High-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a remote high-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 3 RLOW 0 Remote Low-Temperature Alarm. A 1 indicates a remote low-temperature fault. Clears with a POR or readout of the status byte if the fault condition no longer exists. 2 OPEN 0 A 1 indicates DXN and DXP are open. Clears with a POR or a read of the status byte if the open condition no longer exists. 1 RFU 0 Reserved for future use. 0 RFU 0 Reserved for future use. Table 9. Read Configuration-Byte (RC2) Bit Assignments (03h) BIT NAME POR STATE 7 MASK 0 Masks ALERT2 interrupts when set to 1. FUNCTION 6 RUN 0 Standby-Mode Control Bit. If set to 1, standby mode is enabled and is entered if or when the standby-mode control bit (RUN) for channel 1 is also set. 5–0 RFU 0 Reserved for future use. Table 10. Conversion-Rate Control-Byte (RCR2 and WCR2) Bit Assignments (04h and 0Ah) Table 11. Slave Addresses PART MAX6638ATC BIT DATA CONVERSION RATE (Hz) 7–0 00h 0.0625 7–0 01h 0.125 7–0 02h 0.25 7–0 03h 0.5 7–0 04h 1 7–0 05h 2 7–0 06h 4 7–0 07h 8 7–0 08h 16 7–0 09–FFh Reserved SMBus CHANNEL SLAVE ADDRESS 1 1001 101 2 1001 101 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX6638 Table 8. Read Status-Byte (RS2) Bit Assignments (02h) MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface Applications Information Assume that the diode measured has a 3Ω series resistance. The series resistance contributes an offset of: Remote-Diode Selection The MAX6638 can directly measure the die temperature of CPUs and other ICs that have on-board temperature-sensing diodes (see the Typical Operating Circuit), or it can measure the temperature of a discrete diode-connected transistor. Effect of Ideality Factor The accuracy of the remote temperature measurements depends on the ideality factor (n) of the remote diode (which is actually a transistor). The MAX6638 is optimized for n = 1.008. If a sense transistor with a different ideality factor is used, the output data is different. Fortunately, the difference is predictable. Assume a remote-diode sensor designed for a nominal ideality factor nNOMINAL is used to measure the temperature of a diode with a different ideality factor n1. The measured temperature TM can be corrected using: ⎛ ⎞ n1 TM = TACTUAL ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ nNOMINAL ⎠ where temperature is measured in Kelvin. The following example uses the MAX6638 with a CPU that has an ideality factor of 1.002. If the diode has negligible series resistance, the measured data is related to the real temperature as follows: ⎛n ⎞ ⎛ 1.008 ⎞ TACTUAL = TM ⎜ NOMINAL ⎟ = TM ⎜ ⎟ = TM (1.00599) n1 ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 1.002 ⎠ For a real temperature of +85°C (358.15K), the converted and quantized temperature data is +82.875°C (356.03K), which is an error of -2.12°C. Using the correction formula above, the corrected temperature data is +85.0°C (358.16K). Effect of Series Resistance Series resistance (RS) in a sense diode contributes additional errors. For nominal diode currents of 10µA and 100µA, the change in the measured voltage due to RS is: ∆VM = RS (100µA - 10µA) = 90µA x RS. A 1°C corresponds to 198.6µV, series resistance contributes a temperature offset of: µV Ω = 0.453 °C µV Ω 198.6 Ω 90 16 3Ω × 0.453 °C = 1.36°C Ω The effects of the ideality factor and series resistance are additive. If the diode has a 1.002 ideality factor and 3Ω series resistance the total offset can be calculated by adding error due to series resistance with error due to ideality factor: 1.36°C - 2.12°C = -0.77°C for a diode temperature of +85°C. In this example, the effects of series resistance and ideality factor partially cancel each other. Discrete Remote Diodes When the remote-sensing diode is a discrete transistor, short the collector to the base. Table 12 lists examples of discrete transistors that are appropriate for use with the MAX6638. Avoid violating the A/D input voltage range by using a small-signal transistor with a relatively high forward voltage. The forward voltage at the highest expected temperature must be greater than 0.25V at 10µA, and the forward voltage at the lowest expected temperature must be less than 0.95V at 100µA. Do not use large power transistors. Ensure that the base resistance is less than 100Ω. Tight specifications for forward current gain (50 < ß < 150, for example) indicate that the manufacturer has good process controls and that the device has consistent VBE characteristics. Table 12. Remote-Sensor Transistor Manufacturers MANUFACTURER MODEL Central Semiconductor (USA) CMPT3906 Rohm Semiconductor (USA) SST3906 Samsung (Korea) KST3906-TF Siemens (Germany) SMBT3906 Zetex (England) FMMT3906CT-ND Note: Discrete transistors must be diode connected (base shorted to collector). ADC Noise Filtering The ADC is an integrating type with inherently good noise rejection, especially of low-frequency signals, such as 60Hz/120Hz power-supply hum. Micropower operation places constraints on high-frequency noise rejection; ______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface traces. Use wider traces when practical. 7) Add a 200Ω resistor in series with V CC for best noise filtering (see the Typical Operating Circuit). 8) Copper cannot be used as an EMI shield; only ferrous materials such as steel work well. Placing a copper ground plane between the DXP-DXN traces and traces carrying high-frequency noise signals does not help reduce EMI. PC Board Layout Checklist • Place the MAX6638 close to the remote-sense junction. • Keep traces away from high voltages (+12V bus). PC Board Layout • Keep traces away from fast data buses and CRTs. Follow these guidelines to reduce the measurement error of the temperature sensor: 1) Place the MAX6638 as close as is practical to the remote diode. In noisy environments, such as a computer motherboard, this distance can be 4in to 8in (typ). This length can be increased if the worst noise sources are avoided. Noise sources include CRTs, clock generators, memory buses, and ISA/PCI buses. • Use recommended trace widths and spacings. • Place a ground plane under the traces. • Use guard traces flanking DXP and DXN and connecting to GND. • Add a 47Ω resistor in series with VCC for best noise filtering (see the Typical Operating Circuit). • Place the noise filter and a 0.1µF V CC bypass capacitor close to the MAX6638. 2) Do not route the DXP-DXN lines next to the deflection coils of a CRT. Also, do not route the traces across fast digital signals, which can easily introduce a 30°C error, even with good filtering. 3) Route the DXP and DXN traces in parallel and in close proximity to each other, away from any higher voltage traces, such as 12V DC. Leakage currents from PC board contamination must be dealt with carefully since a 20MΩ leakage path from DXP to ground causes approximately a 1°C error. If high-voltage traces are unavoidable, connect guard traces to GND on either side of the DXP-DXN traces (Figure 4). 4) Route through as few vias and crossunders as possible to minimize copper/solder thermocouple effects. 5) When introducing a thermocouple, make sure that both the DXP and the DXN paths have matching thermocouples. A copper-solder thermocouple exhibits 3µV/°C, and takes approximately 200µV of voltage error at DXP-DXN to cause a 1°C measurement error. Adding a few thermocouples causes a negligible error. 6) Use wide traces. Narrow traces are more inductive and tend to pick up radiated noise. The 10-mil withstand spacing recommended in Figure 4 is not absolutely necessary, as it offers only a minor improvement in leakage and noise over narrow Twisted-Pair and Shielded Cables Use a twisted-pair cable to connect the remote sensor for remote-sensor distance longer than 8in, or in very noisy environments. Twisted-pair cable lengths can be between 6ft and 12ft before noise introduces excessive errors. For longer distances, the best solution is a shielded twisted pair like that used for audio microphones. For example, Belden 8451 works well for distances up to 100ft in a noisy environment. At the device, connect the twisted pair to DXP and DXN and the shield to GND. Leave the shield unconnected at the remote sensor. For very long cable runs, the cable’s parasitic capacitance often provides noise filtering, so the 2200pF capacitor can often be removed or reduced in value. Cable resistance also affects remote-sensor accuracy. For every 1Ω of series resistance, the error is approximately 0.5°C. Thermal Mass and Self-Heating When sensing local temperature, these devices are intended to measure the temperature of the PC board to which the devices are soldered. The leads provide a good thermal path between the PC board traces and the die. Thermal conductivity between the die and the ambient air is poor by comparison, making air temperature measurements impractical. Because the thermal mass of the PC board is far greater than that of the ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 MAX6638 therefore, careful PC board layout and proper external noise filtering are required for high-accuracy remote measurements in electrically noisy environments. Filter high-frequency EMI at DXP and DXN with an external 2200pF capacitor. This value can be increased to approximately 3300pF (max), including cable capacitance. Capacitance > 3300pF introduces errors due to the rise time of the switched current source. Typically noise sources cause the ADC measurements to be higher than the actual temperature, approximately by +1°C to +10°C, depending on the frequency and amplitude. MAX6638 Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface MAX6638, the device follows temperature changes on the PC board with little or no perceivable delay. When measuring the temperature of a CPU or another IC with an on-chip sense junction, thermal mass has virtually no effect; the measured temperature of the junction tracks the actual temperature within a conversion cycle. When measuring temperature with discrete remote sensors, smaller packages, such as SC70s or SOT23s, yield the best thermal response times. Take care to account for thermal gradients between the heat source and the sensor, and ensure that stray air currents across the sensor package do not interfere with measurement accuracy. Self-heating does not significantly affect measurement accuracy. Remote-sensor self-heating due to the diode current source is negligible. For the local diode, the worst-case error occurs when autoconverting at the fastest rate and simultaneously sinking maximum current at the ALERT1 output. For example, with VCC 5.5V, at a 16Hz conversion rate and with ALERT1 sinking 1mA, the typical power dissipation is: 5.5V x 800µA + 0.4V x 1.0mA = 4.8mW θ J-A for the 16-pin, 4mm x 4mm TQFN package is 59.3°C/W, so assuming no copper PC board heat sinking, the resulting temperature rise is: ∆T = 4.8mW x 59.3°C/W = +0.283°C. Even under nearly worst-case conditions, it is difficult to introduce a significant self-heating error. Typical Operating Circuit 3.3V 0.1µF DXP 47Ω 10kΩ VCC 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ SDA1 DATA FROM/TO µP1 SCK1 CLOCK FROM µP1 DXN 2200pF ALERT1 INTERRUPT TO µP1 OVERT1 TO FAN DRIVER OR SYSTEM SHUTDOWN µP MAX6638 GND SDA2 DATA FROM/TO µP2 SCK2 CLOCK FROM µP2 INTERRUPT TO µP2 ALERT2 Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Temperature Monitor with Dual Serial Interface 24L QFN THIN.EPS PACKAGE OUTLINE, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28L THIN QFN, 4x4x0.8mm 21-0139 E 1 2 PACKAGE OUTLINE, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28L THIN QFN, 4x4x0.8mm 21-0139 E 2 2 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 19 © 2006 Maxim Integrated Products Springer Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX6638 Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)