ETC AHA4501

Product Specification
AHA4501 Astro
36 Mbits/sec Turbo Product Code
Encoder/Decoder, 3.3V
2365 NE Hopkins Court
Pullman, WA 99163-5601
tel: 509.334.1000
fax: 509.334.9000
e-mail: [email protected]
www.aha.com
advancedhardwarearchitectures
This product and the algorithm are covered under multiple patents pending.
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Conventions, Notations and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.0 Functional Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 Data Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Decoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 Feedback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.5 Data Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6 Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6.1 Encode Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.6.2 Decode Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.6.3 Resynchronize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.7 Helical Interleaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.8 Data Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.9 Encoding/Decoding Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.10 Summary of Channel Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.11 Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.12 Microprocessor Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.0 Internal Register Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1 Configuration 0, Address 0x00 - Read/Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 Configuration 1, Address 0x01 - Read/Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 Configuration 2, Address 0x02 - Read/Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4 Feedback, Address 0x03 - Read/Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5 Quantization, Address 0x04 - Read/Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6 Corrections, Address 0x05 - Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.7 Synchronization, Address 0x05 - Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.8 Status, Address 0x06 - Read Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.9 Control/Interrupt, Address 0x07 - Read/Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.10 Reserved, Address 0x08 - Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.0 Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.0 Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.1 System Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.2 Microprocessor interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.3 Input Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4 Output Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.0 Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.0 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.2 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.2.1 DC Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.2.2 Test Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.2.3 Pin Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.0 Timing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.0 Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
10.0 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
10.1 Available Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
10.2 Part Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.0 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
PS4501-1100
i
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figures
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ii
Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
IDATA Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Input Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2D Interleaving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Encoded/Interleaved Data Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Encoding at the Maximum Input Rate (bit/clock) with Maximum Output Rate (bit/clock). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Encoding at Less Than Maximum Input Rate with Maximum Output Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Decoding with Continuous Input Data Rate - STITER not Asserted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Decoding with Burst Input Data Rate - STITER not Asserted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Decoding with Burst Input Data Rate - STITER Asserted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DUMP Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Turbo Product Code vs. Reed-Solomon/Viterbi Performance Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comparison of TPC Code Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Performance Curve of Eb/No for BER of 10-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Pinout – 100 MQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Current vs. Data Rate (typ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Signal Timing vs. Output Load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Input Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Data Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Microprocessor Interface Timing (Write); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Microprocessor Interface Timing (Read); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Microprocessor Interface Timing (Write); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Microprocessor Interface Timing (Read); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Microprocessor Interface Timing (Write); PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Microprocessor Interface Timing (Read); PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Interrupt Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Clock Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Power On Reset Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
AHA4501 Package Specifications – 100 MQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
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Table 13:
Table 14:
Table 15:
Table 16:
Table 17:
Recommended QSHIFT Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Channel Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Register Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Supported Codes with Recommended Feedback Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Pin Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Data Input Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Data Output Timing Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Write. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Read; PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Write; PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Read; PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Write; PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Read; PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Interrupt Timing Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Clock Timing Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Power On Reset Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Pack) 14 × 20 mm Package Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
PS4501-1100
iii
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The AHA4501 is the first single-chip Forward
Error Correction LSI device using Turbo Product
Codes (TPC). The device operates as a block code
encoder at the input or a block code decoder at the
output of a communication channel. The device
supports various programmable features, such as
block size, codes and code rates, to optimize various
communication channel needs for error
performance and data throughput. Turbo Product
Codes offer a higher performance alternative to
Reed-Solomon or Reed-Solomon concatenated
with Viterbi error correction methods.
When encoding, the device appends the Error
Correction Code (ECC) bits to the blocks, and
outputs the encoded blocks. When decoding, the
device accepts soft decision values and stores the
data as a block in its internal RAM. The block is
then decoded iteratively by running it through the
device’s soft in/soft out (SISO) decoder. The device
iterates to the maximum programmed iteration
limit. The decoded block is then output through the
device output data port.
This specification describes the functional
operation, programming, timing and ordering
information. Please contact AHA for additional
support material, including evaluation software and
relevant technical publications; or visit our website
at http://www.aha.com.
1.1
CONVENTIONS, NOTATIONS AND
DEFINITIONS
– Code block – A data stream to be encoded or
decoded is segmented into blocks for processing
by the AHA4501. Data in a code block is
configured as a 2D or 3D array.
– Axis iteration – Decoding one axis of an array (all
x rows, all y columns, or all z columns).
– Full iteration – Decoding all axes of an array (all
rows and columns).
– Soft value – Input to the decoder from either an
Analog/Digital Converter(ADC) or digital
demodulator.
– Code rate – Ratio of the number of data bits to the
number of data and ECC bits.
– Data rate – The rate at which unencoded data is
input to the device when encoding or output from
the device when decoding.
– Channel Rate – The rate at which encoded data is
output from the device when encoding or input to
the device when decoding. Note that system
channel rate may be different due to external
synchronization marks or other overhead.
– Original Array (OA) – The soft decision input data
array. Data is stored as a 6 bit soft value per location
to support the maximum 6 bit input quantization.
PS4501-1100
– Intermediate Storage Array (ISA) – The storage
array for data between iterating.
– Hard Decision Array (HDA) – The hard decision
output. Data is stored as one bit per location.
– (n1,k1)x(n2,k2) – A general representation of a 2D
block code for use in the descriptions to follow in
this specification. For example, in a
(64,57)x(64,57) code; n1,n2=64 represents the
length of the data + ECC bits, and k1,k2=57
represents the length of only the data bits. 3D
codes are represented as (n1,k1)x(n2,k2)x(n3,k3)
– Vector – One row or column of data in a block.
– Latency – The time from the first bit of a block in
to first bit of the same block out.
– Active low signals have an “N” appended to the
end of the signal name. For example, MCSN and
RESETN.
– Hex values are represented with a prefix of “0x”,
such as register “0x00”. Binary values do not
contain a prefix.
1.2
FEATURES
PERFORMANCE:
• Maximum 50 Mbits/sec channel rate encoding
• 36.5 Mbits/sec channel rate decoding for a 64x57
square code at two iterations
• Two or more devices can be used in parallel to
increase throughput
• Optional “helical” interleaving (encoding) and
deinterleaving (decoding)
FLEXIBILITY:
• Internal buffering allows continuous data
streaming
• Programmable block size from 256 to 4096 bits
• Two or three dimensional blocks
• Programmable number of iterations per block up
to 32
• Programmable quantization up to 6-bits for soft or
hard decision input data (decoding)
• Support for external synchronization
SYSTEM INTERFACE:
• Serial or 8-bit parallel input and output data ports
• Selectable microprocessor interface for Intel or
Motorola processors
• Control Commands for: Decode, Encode, Soft
Reset, Resynchronize and Dump Current Block
• System Interrupts include Block Decode Complete,
Block Correction Incomplete, Sync Mark Mismatch
• Number of corrections per block accumulated in
an internal register
OTHERS:
• 3.3 Volt operation
• 100 pin quad flat package
• Output signals may be tristated to facilitate board
level testing
Page 1 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 1:
Functional Block Diagram
ISA
SRAM
AHA4501
FEEDBACK
MULTIPLIER
IACPT
IRDY
IDATA[7:0]
OA
SRAM
INPUT
SISO
ENCODER/
DECODER
HDA
SRAM
ISYNC
ORDY
OACPT
OUTPUT
ODATA[7:0]
OSYNC
CONTROL REGISTERS
2.0
MICROPROCESSOR
INTERFACE
MDATA[7:0]
MUXMODE
PROCMODE
MCSN
MA[2:0]
MRDN_DSN
MWRN_RWN
MALE
MINTN_INTR
MRDY_DTACKN
RESETN
CLOCK
CLOCK
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
The sections below describe the various
configurations, programming and other special
considerations for developing an error correction
system using the AHA4501.
Refer to Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram
for the data flow while reading the remainder of this
section.
2.1
DATA INPUT
Data is input to the IDATA port via a fully
synchronous ready/accept handshake. Data is
registered internally on the rising edge of clock
when both the ready input (IRDY) and the accept
output (IACPT) are asserted. Refer to Section 8.0
Figure 18 for data input timing details.
When encoding, data is input either serially
(one bit per handshake) on IDATA[0], or in parallel
(one byte per handshake) on IDATA[7:0]. When
parallel loading is used, IACPT toggles at most once
every eight clocks since the data is serialized
internally.
Page 2 of 36
When decoding, data is input one quantization
value per handshake on IDATA[(q-1):0] where q is
the input quantization size. The quantization size is
configurable based on the setting of QSIZE[1:0]
within the Quant register. The QMODE[1:0] bits
within the Quant register determine the type of
input data. The input data may be 2’s complement,
sign/magnitude, or unsigned. When QMODE =
“00”, all unused IDATA inputs should be tied to
IDATA[q-1]. When QMODE = “01” or “10”, all
unused IDATA inputs should be tied to ground.
Figure 2 shows example connections when QSIZE
= “01” (3 bits).
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 2:
IDATA Interface
AHA4501
AHA4501
IDATA7
IDATA6
IDATA5
IDATA4
IDATA3
IDATA2
IDATA1
IDATA0
IDATA2
IDATA1
IDATA0
IDATA2
IDATA1
IDATA0
For QMODE = “00” connect IDATA as shown
The value of QSHIFT[1:0] in the Quant register
sets the number of bit positions the input data is
shifted left internally before decoding begins. The
IDATA bits should be shifted to fill the internal
resolution, allowing for higher precision for internal
processing. The increased precision results in the
best possible decoding performance. Throughput
and latency are not affected by the quantization size
or shift values. The following equations should be
used to determine how to set QSHIFT[1:0] in
relation to QSIZE[1:0]. In each equation, qsize and
qshift are the values represented by the programmed
value, instead of the programmed value itself. For
example, if QSIZE[1:0] = “01”, qsize in the
following equations would be 3 bits.
QMODE[1:0] = “01” or “10”:
qsize + qshift < 6
or
qshift < 6 - qsize
Table 1:
IDATA7
IDATA6
IDATA5
IDATA4
IDATA3
IDATA2
IDATA1
IDATA0
For QMODE = “01” or “10” connect IDATA as shown
QMODE[1:0] = “00”:
qsize + qshift < 7
or
qshift < 7 - qsize
For best performance, do not shift the data
beyond the internal resolution (7 bits). The above
equations guarantee that this does not occur. For
example, if a particular system has three
quantization bits using QMODE[1:0] = “00”, the
following shows the values to program for each
register.
QSIZE[1:0] = “01” (3 bit input values)
qshift < 7 - qsize
qshift < 7 - 3
qshift < 4
QSHIFT[1:0] = “11” (shift left of 3)
For best performance, do not shift the data
beyond the internal resolution (7 bits). The above
equations guarantee that this does not occur.
The following table shows recommended
QSHIFT values for each QMODE and QSIZE.
Recommended QSHIFT Values
QSIZE (bits)
2s COMPLEMENT
SIGN/MAGNITUDE
UNSIGNED
1
2
3
4
5
6
NA
3
3
2
1
0
3
3
2
1
0
NA
NA
3
2
1
0
NA
PS4501-1100
Page 3 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
2.2
ENCODING
When encoding a 2D block for a (n1,k1)x(n2,k2)
code, k1×k2 data bits constitute one block. When
encoding a 3D block for a (n1,k1)x(n2,k2)x(n3,k3)
code, k1×k2×k3 data bits constitute one block. The
input data is loaded into the OA SRAM input buffer
as an array with 1 bit per SRAM location. Encoding
begins once the entire block is in the OA SRAM
buffer. The device’s OA SRAM can accommodate
another block while the device encodes the first
block in the buffer. ECC bits are generated for each
x-axis row of the block array and are appended to the
end of the vector. Each y-axis column and each zaxis column (if applicable) are then encoded in the
same fashion. The encoded block is loaded into the
HDA SRAM output buffer and then transferred out
of the device through the ODATA port.
The following figure shows one block of a
(8,4)x(8,4) product code. ‘D’ represents data and ‘E’
represents ECC bits. Organizing data blocks into
arrays and interleaving are performed by the device
automatically without any system intervention.
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
The following list of register settings shows an
example program to encode data. In this example,
the outgoing data is not interleaved, the incoming
data loads in parallel on the IDATA[7:0] bus, the
block code is a 2D (64,57)x(64,57) product code,
and the output asserts OSYNC with the first bit of
every third block. OSYNC usage is discussed
further in Section 2.6.
- Program Config0 register
INTER
PAR_SER
0
1
- Program Config1 register
XCODE[2:0]
Reserved bits
111
00011
- Program Config2 register
YCODE[2:0]
ZCODE[2:0]
111
000
- Program Sync register
SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0]
- Program Control register
ENCODE
Page 4 of 36
0011
1
After these registers are programmed, the
AHA4501 asserts IACPT to allow IACPT-IRDY
handshakes.
2.3
DECODING
Decoding is done in an iterative fashion.
Decoding begins once a complete received data
block is available in the OA SRAM. The device’s
OA SRAM can accommodate another block while
the device decodes the first block. Each full iteration
begins by passing an x-row from the OA SRAM
into the Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) decoder. The
SISO output is multiplied by a programmable
XFEEDBACK[2:0] value, and stored in the ISA
SRAM. The completion of all x-rows constitutes
one axis iteration. Refer to Section 2.4 for an
explanation of the feedback multipliers.
Next, each y-axis column from the OA SRAM
is passed into the SISO decoder. The SISO output is
multiplied by the programmable
YFEEDBACK[2:0] value and stored in the ISA
SRAM. The completion of all y-columns
constitutes one axis iteration.
If a 3D code is being decoded, each z-axis
column from the ISA SRAM is passed into the SISO
decoder. The SISO output is multiplied by the
programmable ZFEEDBACK[2:0] value and stored
in the ISA SRAM. The completion of all z-columns
constitutes one axis iteration.
One full iteration is completed when one X and
one Y axis iteration is complete for a 2D code; or
one X, one Y, and one Z axis iteration is complete
for a 3D code. The iterations continue until the
iteration counter equals the number programmed in
ITER[4:0] within the Config0 register.
The following sequence may be used to
program the AHA4501 for decoding data. This
configuration decodes the same blocks of data
encoded using the configuration shown in the
encoding section.
- Program Config0 register
PAR_SER
1
When decoding, the PAR_SER bit configures the
output on ODATA[7:0]. In this case, parallel output
is selected.
STITER
1
The STITER bit causes the AHA4501 to stop
decoding when a full iteration completes with no
corrections.
ITER[4:0]
00100
Set for 4 iterations. Refer to Section 4.0
Performance Curves.
- Program Config1 register
XCODE[2:0]
(64,57) code type
Reserved bits
111
00011
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
- Program Config2 register
OECC
0
No ECC bits will be output with the data.
XFBCK[2]
1
Usually set for a feedback multiplier of 1/2 with
square codes.
YCODE[2:0]
111
(64,57) code type
After these registers are programmed, the
AHA4501 asserts IACPT and discards the input
data until ISYNC is asserted.
When using non-square or cubic codes, the
following general rules should be applied. Parity
codes should have their feedback multiplier values
set higher than Hamming codes when mixed. For
example, in a (32,26)x(32,26)x(4,3) code, the X and
Y feedback multipliers should be set to 6/16 while
the Z feedback should be set to 9/16 or 10/16. When
mixing Hamming codes with shorter Hamming
codes, the feedback multiplier should be set slightly
higher for the shorter code. For example, in a
(64,57)x(32,26) code, the X feedback multiplier
could be set to 8/16, while the Y feedback multiplier
could be set to 9/16.
The feedback values must be tuned for the
number of iterations allowed in a system. For less
iterations than the above guidelines, the feedback
values should be increased. For more iterations, the
values should be decreased. For example, when
using a (64,57)x(64,57) code with only 2 iterations,
the feedback multiplier for both axes should be set
to 10/16. Conversely, in a system that allows 12 or
more iterations, the value for the feedback should be
set to 7/16.
The feedback may also need to be tuned
depending on the number of soft input bits
(QSIZE[1:0]). This parameter will only affect the
optimum feedback multiplier value slightly,
meaning that it should be adjusted by only 1/16 or 2/
16 to allow for these differences.
Since systems vary widely, the system designer
should experiment with various feedback multiplier
values to obtain the best performance.
Recommended starting values for feedback are
listed in Table 4.
2.4
2.5
- Program Feedback register
YFEEDBACK[2:0]
100
- Program Quant register
QMODE[1:0]
01
This depends on the type of ADC selected to
recover the transmitted data. For this example
sign/magnitude is selected.
QSIZE[1:0]
10
This also depends on the type of ADC selected.
For this example, 4 bit quantization is selected.
QSHIFT[1:0]
01
This should be set for a 1 bit left shift for the best
possible internal precision with 7 bit internal
resolution and 4 bit quantization. Refer to Section
2.1 Data Input for guidelines on setting
QSHIFT[1:0].
- Program Sync register
SYNC MARK LENGTH[3:0]
0101
The length of the sync mark is selected by the
system designer. For this example, the sync mark
length is 20 bits long.
SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0]
0011
- Program Control register
Decode
1
FEEDBACK
The TPC algorithm uses feedback, or
weighting, values for performance timing. After
each axis iteration, the output of the SISO Decoder
is multiplied by the feedback constant for that axis.
These values are then fed back into the SISO for
future iterations.
The feedback multiplier values used for each
code axis vary from 1/4 to 11/16 depending on the
number of iterations and system parameters (soft
input bits, resolution). The feedback multipliers
must be tuned to give optimum decoder performance
in a given system. The following describes the
tuning process. The choice of feedback multiplier
has no effect on throughput or latency.
For 2D square (XCODE[2:0] = YCODE[2:0])
codes, a typical feedback multiplier value for both
axes at 3 or 4 iterations is 8/16. For 3D cubic
(XCODE[2:0] = YCODE[2:0] = ZCODE[2:0])
codes, a typical feedback multiplier value at 6
iterations is 7/16.
PS4501-1100
DATA OUTPUT
Data is output through the ODATA port via a
fully synchronous ready/accept handshake. Data is
transferred on the rising edge of clock when both the
accept input (OACPT) and the ready output
(ORDY) are asserted. Refer to Section 8.0 Figure 19
for data output timing details.
When encoding, data is always output serially
on ODATA[0]. When decoding, data can be output
either serially on ODATA[0] or in 8-bit parallel on
ODATA[7:0].
2.6
SYNCHRONIZATION
Since the TPC is a block code, data
synchronization is required to correctly decode each
block. External synchronization circuitry is
required to insert and detect synchronization marks.
The AHA4501 provides features to remove the
synchronization marks and indicate correct
synchronization mark placement.
Page 5 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
The ISYNC and OSYNC signals are handled in
the same fashion as IDATA[7:0] and ODATA[7:0].
ISYNC is registered internally on the rising edge of
clock when both IRDY and IACPT are asserted.
OSYNC is only valid when the ORDY output signal
is asserted.
2.6.1
ENCODE SYNCHRONIZATION
When encoding, the AHA4501 provides the
output signal OSYNC to indicate when a
synchronization mark should be inserted in the data
stream. OSYNC is asserted with the first data bit of
each x output blocks, where x is the value of SYNC
MARK FREQUENCY[3:0] programmed within
the Sync register. The system can then use OSYNC
to insert a synchronization mark in the encoded data
stream before transmitting.
2.6.2
DECODE SYNCHRONIZATION
When decoding, the synchronization circuitry
depends on the channel and demodulation method.
For the first block after reset, the AHA4501 discards
the input data on IDATA[7:0] until the ISYNC
signal is asserted. The first bit of the block is
registered on the same clock as ISYNC is asserted.
After the first block, synchronization marks are
automatically removed from the data by
programming SYNC MARK LENGTH[3:0] and
SYNC MARK FREQ[3:0] within the Sync register.
SYNC MARK LENGTH[3:0] configures the
AHA4501 to remove x bits from the start of every
synchronization block, where x is 4 times SYNC
MARK LENGTH[3:0]. The AHA4501 expects a
synchronization mark at the block interval specified
by SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0].
If ISYNC is not asserted with the first bit after
SYNC MARK LENGTH[3:0] handshakes, a loss of
synchronization is indicated by assertion of the
SMMIS bit in the Interrupt register. If the system
designer chooses not to use the synchronization
support logic of the AHA4501, the ISYNC signal
must be tied high. The CORRECTIONS[9:0] count
and CORINC bit can also be used to indicate a loss
of synchronization. The control microprocessor
may use this information to send a resynchronize
command to cause the AHA4501 to synchronize on
the start of the next data block by discarding input
data until ISYNC is asserted.
The OSYNC signal is asserted with the first bit
of every block when decoding.
2.6.3
RESYNCHRONIZE
Loss in synchronization may be detected using
SMMIS, CORINC, NITER[4:0], and
CORRECTIONS[9:0]. The control microprocessor
may use this information to determine that the
AHA4501 is not synchronized and issue a
resynchronize command. The AHA4501 does not
automatically resynchronize the data stream unless
instructed to do so by the microprocessor.
The resynchronize command causes the
AHA4501 to stop decoding blocks and discard the
input data until ISYNC is asserted. The AHA4501
continues to output any blocks that have been
decoded and are waiting to be unloaded from the
HDA SRAM.
The AHA4501 registers the input from
IDATA[7:0] on the same clock as ISYNC is asserted.
2.7
HELICAL INTERLEAVING
The device can optionally interleave when
encoding and deinterleave when decoding.
Interleaving data spreads bursts of noise across all
axes of the block code for the best error correction
performance in burst channel use. Interleaving in
the AHA4501 is applied after encoding takes place.
Deinterleaving in the AHA4501 takes place before
the decoding operation.
Helical interleaving is applied along a diagonal
path through the encoded block. Data is output along
diagonal lines from the upper left to lower right
corner (for a 2D code). The first diagonal output
starts with the bit row 1, column 1 followed by the
diagonal starting at row 1, column 2. For 3D codes,
instead of reading diagonally through the 2D array,
interleaving reads diagonally through a cube of data.
The example below shows how interleaving is
applied for a 2D (64,57)x(64,57) code.
Figure 3:
Input Block
0
1
2
3
...
64
65
66
67
. . . 127
128 129 130 . . .
. . . 191
192 193 . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4032 4033 . . .
...
. . . 4095
...
63
Note: The number reflects the bit order, including
generated ECC bits.
Page 6 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
2.8
The encoded, interleaved data output is taken
along diagonal lines starting with bit 0 as shown
below. The order of the interleaving is noted for each
diagonal line.
Figure 4:
The AHA4501 contains internal buffering at the
input (OA SRAM) and the output (HDA SRAM) to
allow the device to maintain a constant input data
rate with no external memory. The AHA4501 is
capable of loading a code block into 1/2 of the OA
SRAM while it is processing a second code block
from the other 1/2 of the OA SRAM. The second
code block is loaded into the 1/2 of the HDA SRAM
while a third code block can be output from the
other 1/2 of the HDA SRAM. This ping-pong buffer
arrangement on the input and output sides of the
AHA4501 allows code blocks to be processed in a
continuous stream as long as the overall bandwidth
of the device is not exceeded.
When encoding a data block, the data can be
transferred continuously at up to one bit per clock,
independent of the code type. A 1 clock delay
occurs between blocks.
When decoding a code block and not
deinterleaving, the maximum input rate is one soft
value per clock, independent of code type. A 1 clock
delay occurs between blocks. When decoding a
code block and deinterleaving, the maximum input
rate is one soft value every 3 clocks, independent of
code type. A 1 clock delay also occurs between
blocks when deinterleaving.
The following diagrams illustrate how code
blocks are processed through the AHA4501 and
when the internal status registers update the status
of the blocks.
In Figure 6, the data is input at a bit per clock
and encoded. The data is encoded by appending
ECC bits to the data. Note that the data is always
encoded faster than data can be input to the device.
Since the output is operating at a bit/clock and there
are more output bits than input bits, the output is the
limiting factor in the system. After the initial buffer
loading, the input must wait for the output to finish
unloading a block before accepting another block.
The ratio of the input block size to the output block
size is the code rate.
2D Interleaving
1
2
4
127
0
1
2
3
...
64
65
66
67
. . . 127
128 129 130 . . .
. . . 191
192 193 . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4032 4033 . . .
...
. . . 4095
3
...
126
63
For the (64,57)x(64,57) block, the data output
from the AHA4501 is: 0, 65, 130, ..., 4095, 1, 66, ...,
4031, 4032, 2, 67, ..., ..., 63, 64, ..., 4094 for a total
of 4096 bits output. The AHA4501 operating as a
decoder deinterleaves the block to restore it to its
orginal order.
Figure 5:
Encoded/Interleaved Data Output
0
65
130 . . . 4030 4095
1
66
131 . . . 4031 4032
2
67
132 . . . 3968 4033
3
68
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
63
64
129 . . . 4029 4094
Data bits are output from the encoder in row
order from left to right. 3D interleaving/
deinterleaving is done by reading/writing cells
diagonally through the x, y, and z dimensions. Note
that the data rate drops when interleaving and/or
deinterleaving as discussed in Section 2.8.
Figure 6:
Encoding at the Maximum Input Rate (bit/clock) with Maximum Output Rate (bit/clock)
Input Data
Encoding
1
2
3
1
2
Output Data
COMPL Interrupt
PS4501-1100
DATA THROUGHPUT
4
3
1
1
5
4
2
2
3
3
4
Page 7 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
In Figure 7, the data is input at a slower rate than
the output rate which allows a constant input data rate.
In Figure 8, the received data is input at a bit
every other clock and decoded. When decoding, the
decode time is variable depending on the number of
iterations used, type of code and the status of the
STITER bit. In this example, the iterations are set so
that the decode time is approximately equal to the
data input time. For continuous data input, set the
ITER[4:0] count such that the decoder time is less
than the data block input time. Refer to Section 2.9
Encoding/Decoding Time for decoding time
calculations.
Figure 7:
In Figure 9, the received data is input at a bit
every other clock and decoded. When decoding, the
decode time is variable depending on the number of
iterations used, type of code and the status of the
STITER bit. In this example, the iteration count in
ITER is set to 6 to illustrate a case where the decode
time is the limiting factor in the throughput. To
achieve maximum decoder performance with burst
data, set the iteration count such that the decoder
time is equal to or exceeds the data block input time.
Encoding at Less Than Maximum Input Rate with Maximum Output Rate
Input Data
1
2
Encoding
3
1
2
Output Data
2
1
1
Decoding
3
2
2
3
1
2
3
4
3
1
Output Data
Status/Corrections Register
2
block 1
CORINC & COMPL Interrupt
3
block 2
1
block 3
2
3
Decoding with Burst Input Data Rate - STITER not Asserted
Input Data
1
Decoding
2
3
1
4
2
block 1
1
5
3
1
Status/Corrections Register
CORINC & COMPL Interrupt
4
2
Output Data
Page 8 of 36
4
Decoding with Continuous Input Data Rate - STITER not Asserted
Input Data
Figure 9:
3
1
COMPL Interrupt
Figure 8:
4
3
block 3
block 2
2
3
block 4
4
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Decoding then begins on the next (already loaded)
data block, and another block can begin loading.
In Figure 11, the example from Figure 10 is
shown to illustrate the DUMP feature. In the third
decoding block, DUMP is set in the fourth iteration.
The decoder finishes the current full iteration before
it outputs the block. Decoding on block 4 starts
normally.
The DUMP feature is useful when using an
input buffer with the STITER configuration bit, and
the input buffer becomes full. Note that the DUMP
bit does not cause loss of data. Upon completion of
the dump, the COMPL interrupt bit is set, and the
CORINC bit is set if any corrections were made in
the last axis iteration. This bit should not be set
when encoding.
In Figure 10, the received data is input at a bit
per clock and decoded. In this example, the iteration
count in ITER is set to 6 and the STITER bit is set to
illustrate a case where the decode time is variable
depending on the number of iterations required to
correct the errors in the code block. In this example,
blocks 1, 2, 4, and 5 decode in 2 iterations while
block 3 requires 6 iterations to decode.
When decoding, writing a one to the DUMP bit
within the Control register causes the module to
stop iterations on the current block and send it to the
output data port. The dump occurs upon completion
of the axis iteration following the current axis
iteration. The worst case delay is two axis iterations
(which is equal to one full iteration for 2-D codes).
Figure 10: Decoding with Burst Input Data Rate - STITER Asserted
Input Data
1
2
3
1
Decoding
4
5
2
3
1
Output Data
Status/Corrections Register
4
2
4
block 3
block 2
1
5
3
block 1
CORINC & COMPL Interrupt
6
2
3
5
block 4
block 5
4
5
Figure 11: DUMP Feature
Input Data
1
Decoding
Iterations
2
3
1
1
5
2
2
1
3
2
1
1
Output Data
Status/Corrections Register
CORINC & COMPL Interrupt
4
4
3
4
2
1
3
block 2
2
5
1
2
block 1
1
2
6
4
block 3
3
2
5
block 4
4
block 5
5
DUMP Bit Set
PS4501-1100
Page 9 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
2.9
ENCODING/DECODING TIME
The time required to encode a data block is equivalent to the time to decode 1 code block with 1 full
iteration. Since the AHA4501 can perform 1 full iteration faster than data can be transferred serially through
the encoded data output port, the output rate is the limiting factor for the overall data rate.
The time to decode a code block depends on the input clock frequency, the code type, and the number
of iterations. The following equations are used to compute the overall decoding time. The decoding time
can be used to compute the data rate and latency.
Note that if the STITER bit is set in the Config0 register, the AHA4501 stops iterating when there are
no corrections. When the STITER bit is set, the number of iterations is unpredictable and the decode time
may be shortened or lengthened depending on the error content data stream. The number of iterations will
never be more than the number set in ITER[4:0] even when STITER is set.
nx = Length of entire vector (data + ECC) for X axis code
kx = Length of data vector for X axis code
ny = Length of vector (data + ECC) for Y axis code
ky = Length of data vector for Y axis code
nz = Length of vector (data + ECC) for Z axis code (nz=1 for 2D codes)
kz = Length of data vector for Z axis code (kz=1 for 2D codes)
i = Iterations
d = Number of clocks to decode one block
f = Clock frequency (Hz)
rch = Channel rate (bits/sec)
rd = Data rate (bits/sec)
C1,C0 = decode constants, see table 1.
CR = code rate.
Code rate for a (nx,kx) x (ny,ky) x (nz,kz) code:
kx × ky × kz
CR =  ------------------------------
 nx × ny × nz
Clocks to decode an entire block:
d = c1 x i + c0
Maximum channel rate for a 3D block (for a 2D block, nz = 1):
× ny × nz × -f
------------------------------------r ch = nx
d
Maximum data rate for a 3D block (for a 2D block, kz=1):
kx × ky × kz × f
r d = ------------------------------------d
If interleaving is used, the maximum channel rate will be the lesser of rch listed above and f / 3 and the
maximum data rate will be the lesser of rd listed above and (f x CR)/ 3.
Page 10 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
2.10 SUMMARY OF CHANNEL RATES
The channel rates listed in the following table are calculated with a 50 MHz clock frequency. The channel
rate changes in proportion with the change in clock frequency. For example, if the clock frequency is 25 Mhz,
all channel rates are divided by 2. To compute data rate, multiply these values by the overall code rate.
Note:
This table does not include all codes supported by the device. For decode times and code rates for codes
other than those listed here, see the AHA4501 windows evaluation software.
Table 2:
Channel Rates
NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
BLOCK CONFIGURATION
(n1,k1)x(n2,k2)x(n3,k3)
(64,57)x(64,57)
Code Rate = .793
(32,26)x(32,26)x(4,3)
Code Rate = .495
(16,11)x(16,11)x(16,11)
Code Rate = .325
(32,26)x(16,11)x(8,4)
Code Rate = .278
(64,57)x(32,26)
Code Rate = .724
(32,26)x(16,11)x(4,3)
Code Rate = .419
(64,57)x(8,4)x(4,3)
Code Rate = .334
(32,26)x(32,26)
Code Rate = .660
(16,11)x(16,11)x(4,3)
Code Rate = .354
(32,26)x(16,11)
Code Rate = .559
(16,11)x(16,11)
Code Rate = .473
PS4501-1100
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
decode time (clocks)
channel rate (Mbits/sec)
2
3
6
5612
7963
15016
36.5
25.7
13.6
8368
11917
22564
24.5
17.2
9.1
7816
11197
21340
26.2
18.3
9.6
7992
11421
21708
25.6
17.9
9.4
2972
4227
7992
34.5
24.2
12.8
4304
6141
11652
23.8
16.7
8.8
4448
6357
12084
23.0
16.1
8.5
1540
2211
4224
33.2
23.2
12.1
2224
3181
6052
23.0
16.1
8.5
860
1239
2376
29.8
20.7
10.8
464
679
1324
27.6
18.9
9.7
C1
C0
2351
910
3549
1270
3381
1054
3429
1134
1255
462
1837
630
1909
630
671
198
957
310
379
102
215
34
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Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
2.11 LATENCY
Since product codes are block codes, the data for an entire block must be input to the AHA4501 before
encoding or decoding can start. If interleaving is not enabled, the latency (in clock cycles) from the first
input bit of a block to the first output bit of the same block is:
block input time + block decode(encode) time + 9
If interleaving is enabled the latency for encoding a block (in clock cycles) is:
block input time + block encode time + 17
The latency for decoding an interleaved block (in clock cycles) is:
block input time + block decode time + 19
For example, the block decode time and latency to decode a (64,57)x(64,57) non-interleaved code with
2 iterations and a 50 MHz clock are shown below. The example assumes the input and output operate at
maximum speed.
The time to decode a (64,57)x(64,57) block (as shown in Section 2.10) is:
1
5612 ×  ------------------- = 112.2 µ s
 50 MHz
Assuming that the data is input at the decode data rate (i.e., the block input time equals the block decode
time) the total latency is:
1
2 × 112.2 µ s + 9 ×  ------------------ = 224.47 µ s
 50MHz
2.12 MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACE
The AHA4501 is capable of interfacing directly to a microprocessor for embedded applications. All
register accesses to the AHA4501 are performed on an 8-bit bidirectional bus, using either an Intel® or
Motorola® style interface. The interface is in Motorola® mode when the PROCMODE input signal is
asserted, otherwise the interface is in Intel® mode.
A MUXMODE input is also provided to allow the data and address to be multiplexed on the
MDATA[7:0] bus. The data and address are multiplexed when MUXMODE is asserted, otherwise both
MDATA and MA busses are used.
Refer to Section 8.0 for microprocessor interface timing diagrams.
3.0
INTERNAL REGISTER PROGRAMMING
Table 3: Register Summary
ADDRESS R/W
MNEMONIC
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
W
R
R
W
Config0
Config1
Config2
Feedback
Quant
Correct
Sync
Status
Interrupt
Control
Reserved
REGISTER NAME
Configuration0
Configuration1
Configuration2
Feedback
Quantization
Corrections/
Synchronization
Status
Interrupt
Control
Reserved
HARD RESET SOFT RESET
0x26
0xE0
0x38
0x24
0x0C
unchanged
unchanged
unchanged
unchanged
unchanged
0x00
unchanged
0x00
unchanged
0x00
UUUUU000
0x0C
unchanged
Notes:
1) U - These bits remain unchanged after a soft reset.
2) The reserved bits in Register Address 0x01 must be written to 00011 after any hard reset.
Page 12 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
3.1
CONFIGURATION 0, ADDRESS 0x00 - READ/WRITE
Address
0x00
bit7
INTER
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
PAR_SER STITER
bit2
bit1
bit0
ITER[4:0]
This register is initialized to 0x26 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
INTER -
Deinterleave incoming data when decoding, and interleave outgoing data when encoding. See
Section 2.1 Data Input for details about interleaving/deinterleaving.
PAR_SER - Parallel/Serial Mode Select.When PAR_SER is set during encoding, the device will input 8 bits
in parallel from the IDATA[7:0] bus. The first encoded bit output on ODATA[0] will be from
IDATA[0]. In other words, IDATA[0] is the LSB and IDATA[7] is the MSB. The IRDY pin
controls the flow of data into IDATA[7:0]. Typically, the IACPT pin will be active 1 out of 8
clock cycles when in parallel mode. During encoding the output is always bit serial on
ODATA[0].
When PAR_SER is not set during encoding, the data is input from IDATA[0] one bit per
handshake and output from ODATA[0] one bit per handshake. The unused pins IDATA[7:1]
should not be left floating, they should be tied to GND.
When PAR_SER is set during decoding, the device will pack the output decoded data bits into
8-bit bytes on ODATA[7:0]. The output bit on ODATA[0] is generated from the first soft input
symbol. ODATA[0] is the LSB and ODATA[7] is the MSB. The ORDY pin controls the flow of
data out of ODATA[7:0]. Typically, the ORDY pin is active 1 out of 8 clock cycles when in
parallel mode. The input data will be on IDATA[n-1:0] where n is the number of soft input bits.
The unused IDATA pins should not be left floating, they should be tied to GND.
When PAR_SER is not set during decoding, the data is input from IDATA[n-1:0] one soft
symbol per handshake where n is the number of soft input bits. The decoded data is output from
ODATA[0] one bit per handshake.
STITER - Stop iterating when no corrections. Used only when decoding; the AHA4501 can determine if
future iterations can be useful. When this bit is set, the module stops iterating when the
decoding is completed. When cleared, it always executes the number of full iterations in
ITER[4:0]. Note that in either case, the number of full iterations does not exceed ITER[4:0]. At
any time after the first iteration, the microprocessor can also write a 1 to the DUMP bit in the
Control register, in which case all future iterations are cancelled and the current block is output.
This bit is ignored when encoding.
ITER[4:0] - Maximum Iterations. Used only when decoding; number of full iterations to perform for each
block. One full iteration is defined as decoding the x and y axes for a 2D block or all x, y and z
axes for a 3D block. The value of 0x0 indicates 32 full iterations. If STITER is asserted, less
iterations than the ITER[4:0] count may be performed. This value is ignored when encoding.
3.2
CONFIGURATION 1, ADDRESS 0x01 - READ/WRITE
Address
0x01
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
XCODE[2:0]
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
res
This register is initialized to 0xE0 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
XCODE[2:0] -Code for x axis of product array. See Config2 register ZCODE [2:0] description.
res -
PS4501-1100
Reserved bits [4:0]. Must be written to 00011.
Page 13 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
3.3
CONFIGURATION 2, ADDRESS 0x02 - READ/WRITE
Address
0x02
bit7
bit6
bit5
OECC
XFBCK[2]
bit4
bit3
bit2
YCODE[2:0]
bit1
bit0
ZCODE[2:0]
This register is initialized to 0x38 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
OECC -
Output ECC Bits. Used only when decoding. When cleared, only the data bits are output; total
output bits per block = k1×k2 (2D), or k1×k2×k3 (3D). When set, both the data and ECC bits are
output; total output bits per block = n1×n2 (2D), n1×n2×n3 (3D).
XFBCK[2] -x axis feedback bit 2. See description for Feedback register (0x03).
YCODE[2:0] -Code for y axis of product array. See ZCODE[2:0] description for code definitions.
ZCODE[2:0] -Code for z axis of product array. Set to 000 for all 2D codes.
Each code axis is defined as follows:
111
110
101
100
(64,57)
(32,26)
(16,11)
(8,4)
-- Extended Hamming Codes
011
010
* 001
(16,15)
(8,7)
(4,3)
-- Parity Only Codes - even parity
* 000
no code
* valid only in ZCODE[2:0]
The following rules must be followed when selecting codes:
1) The (4,3) parity code and “n0 code” is illegal for both the x axis code and the y axis code.
2) 2D codes require that the x dimension product code and the y dimension product code be
at least 16 bits.
3) n1 x n2 x n3 must be less than or equal to 4096.
The AHA4501 is designed to allow any combination of x, y and z codes that follow the
above rules. The code combinations listed below have been fully verified.
In addition to the following codes, the TPC codes may be shortened with zero padding
techniques. Contact AHA Application Engineering for details.
Table 4:
Supported Codes with Recommended Feedback Values
BLOCK CONFIGURATION BLOCK SIZE DATA SIZE
(n1,k1)x(n2,k2)x(n3,k3)
(bits)
(bits)
(64,57)x(64,57)
(32,26)x(32,26)x(4,3)
(16,11)x(16,11)x(16,11)
(32,26)x(16,11)x(8,4)
(64,57)x(32,26)
(32,26)x(16,11)x(4,3)
(64,57)x(8,4)x(4,3)
(32,26)x(32,26)
(16,11)x(16,11)x(4,3)
(32,26)x(16,11)
(16,11)x(16,11)
4096
4096
4096
4096
2048
2048
2048
1024
1024
512
256
3249
2028
1331
1144
1482
858
684
676
363
286
121
CODE
RATE
FEEDBACK
(4 iterations)
0.793
0.495
0.325
0.278
0.724
0.419
0.334
0.660
0.354
0.559
0.473
1/2,1/2
3/8,3/8,11/16
7/16,7/16,7/16
3/8,3/8,7/16
1/2,9/16
3/8,7/16,11/16
3/8,7/16,11/16
1/2,1/2
3/8,3/8,11/16
7/16,1/2
1/2,1/2
FEEDBACK
(32 iterations)
7/16,7/16
5/16,5/16,9/16
3/8,3/8,3/8
3/8,3/8,3/8
7/16,1/2
5/16,3/8,9/16
5/16,3/8,9/16
7/16,7/16
5/16,5/16,9/16
3/8,7/16
7/16,7/16
Note: The feedback values listed in Table 4 are recommended starting values. Depending on the target Bit Error Rate,
the user may wish to adjust the feedback values slightly for more optimal performance. The AHA4501 Windows
Evaluation software can be used to fine tune the feedback for any selected configuration.
Page 14 of 36
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Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
3.4
FEEDBACK, ADDRESS 0x03 - READ/WRITE
Address
0x03
bit7
bit6
bit5
XFEEDBACK[1:0]
bit4
bit3
bit2
YFEEDBACK[2:0]
bit1
bit0
ZFEEDBACK[2:0]
This register is initialized to 0x24 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
XFEEDBACK[1:0] - Feedback multiplier for x axis iteration. Used only when decoding.
YFEEDBACK[2:0] - Feedback multiplier for y axis iteration. Used only when decoding.
ZFEEDBACK[2:0] - Feedback multiplier for z axis iteration. Used only when decoding 3D codes.
Each feedback value is defined as follows:
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
-
Multiply feedback by 1/4
Multiply feedback by 5/16
Multiply feedback by 3/8
Multiply feedback by 7/16
Multiply feedback by 1/2
Multiply feedback by 9/16
Multiply feedback by 5/8
Multiply feedback by 11/16
Refer to the Section 2.3 Decoding for a functional description of the feedback values.
3.5
QUANTIZATION, ADDRESS 0x04 - READ/WRITE
Address
0x04
bit7
bit6
res
bit5
bit4
QSHIFT[1:0]
bit3
bit2
QSIZE[1:0]
bit1
bit0
QMODE[1:0]
This register is initialized to 0x0C after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
res -
Reserved bits. Must be written to 00.
QSHIFT[1:0] - Quantization Shift. Used only when decoding; must be set to “00” when encoding. The input
data can be shifted bitwise left inside the device before decoding begins. This is useful with
smaller input quantization sizes. See Section 2.1 Data Input for details about how to set this
value. Defined as follows:
00 - No shift
01 - Shift input data left 1 (multiply by 2)
10 - Shift input data left 2 (multiply by 4)
11 - Shift input data left 3 (multiply by 8)
QSIZE[1:0] - Quantization Size for soft input data. Used only when decoding. Specifies the number of bits
of data for each soft input value. Soft input data must always be driven on IDATA[QSIZE-1:0].
Defined as follows:
00 - 1 bit, 2 bits
01 - 3 bits
10 - 4 bits
11 - 5 bits
* See Note 1 for 6 bit
PS4501-1100
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Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Notes:
1) 6 bit quantization is supported when QMODE[1:0] = “00”. Since the data is in 2’s complement
notation, the data on IDATA[5:0] is transferred directly to the OA SRAM. The value of QSIZE[1:0]
is ignored when QMODE[1:0]= “00”.
2) 1 bit quantization (hard decision input) is supported by setting QSIZE[1:0] = “00” and
QMODE[1:0] = “01”. It is recommended that QSHIFT[1:0] be set to “11” for hard decision input
data. The hard decision input is connected to IDATA[1]. IDATA[0] must be tied high.
QMODE[1:0] - Quantization Mode for soft input data. Used only when decoding; must be set to “00” for
encoding. When set to “00”, input data is assumed to be in signed 2's complement notation
(mid-tread). When set to “01”, data is assumed to be mid-riser sign/magnitude notation. When
set to “10”, data is assumed to be mid-riser unsigned. The confidence mapping for each mode
is shown on the next page with four bit quantization.
Hard Decision 0
Hard Decision 1
No
Confidence
Range
Confidence
Range
QMODE[1:0] Input Data Type
Confidence
Max . . . Min
Min . . . Max
00
01
10
3.6
2’s Complement 1000
Sign/Magnitude 0111
Unsigned
0000
...
...
...
1111
0000
0111
0000
N/A
N/A
0001
1000
1000
...
...
...
0111
1111
1111
CORRECTIONS, ADDRESS 0x05 - READ
Address
0x05
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
CORRECTIONS[7:0]
This register is initialized to 0x00 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
CORRECTIONS[7:0] - The eight least significant bits of the number of hard decision corrections made over
the entire number of iterations executed on one block. The upper two most significant bits are
accessed via the Status register. This value is updated each time the COMPL interrupt bit is
set. This value contains the count of the number of bits corrected between the input data
(assuming hard decision decoding), and the output data. If the count overflows, the CFLOW bit
is set, and the value of the count is invalid. Invalid when encoding.
3.7
SYNCHRONIZATION, ADDRESS 0x05 - WRITE
Address
0x05
bit7
bit6
bit5
SYNC MARK LENGTH [3:0]
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0]
This register is initialized to 0x00 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
SYNC MARK LENGTH[3:0] - When decoding, the module can automatically remove sync marks from the
incoming data stream. The number of bits to be discarded is 4 times the value of the Sync Mark
Length register. This allows sync marks to be from 4 to 60 bits in length. A value of zero results
in no discarded bits.
SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0] - The number of blocks between synchronization marks. When
encoding, the OSYNC signal asserts with the first bit of each x output blocks, where x is the
value of SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0] in the Sync register. When decoding, the ISYNC is
checked at the first bit of each x input blocks, where x is the value of SYNC MARK
FREQUENCY[3:0] in the Sync register. If the ISYNC signal is not asserted, the Sync Mark
Mismatch interrupt bit is set. A value of 1 indicates that the signals are asserted/checked at the
start of every block. A value of 0 indicates every 32 blocks.
See Section 2.6 Synchronization for more information.
Page 16 of 36
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Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
3.8
STATUS, ADDRESS 0x06 - READ ONLY
Address
0x06
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
NITER[4:0]
bit2
CFLOW
bit1
bit0
CORRECT[9:8]
This register is initialized to 0x00 after hard reset, unchanged after soft reset.
NOTE: This register must not be written.
NITER[4:0] - Number of iterations. The actual number of iterations performed in the last block decoded.
This value is updated each time the COMPL interrupt bit is set. Note that if the STITER bit is
cleared, this value will always be equal to the programmed ITER[4:0] value.
The internal iteration value is incremented after a y-axis iteration is completed for 2D codes or
after a z-axis iteration is completed for 3D codes. If the STITER bit is set, the iterations may
finish after an axis iteration rather than a full iteration. In this case, the NITER[4:0] value will
be the number of full iterations completed.
CFLOW - Correction Overflow. Set if the CORRECTIONS[9:0] count exceeded the value of 1024
corrections. When set, the CORRECTIONS[9:0] count value is invalid.
CORRECT[9:8] - The two most significant bits of the number of hard decision corrections made over the
entire set of iterations. This value is updated each time the COMPL interrupt bit is set. Invalid
when encoding.
3.9
CONTROL/INTERRUPT, ADDRESS 0x07 - READ/WRITE
RD/WR
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
Read
CORINC SMMIS
DECODE ENCODE CORINCM SMMISM COMPLM
Write
SRESET RESYNC
bit0
COMPL
DUMP
This register is initialized to 0x00 after hard reset. The interrupt bits [2:0] are reset, but all other register
contents are unchanged after soft reset.
Note:
All interrupts and bits 0, 1, 2 are cleared when this register is read.
DECODE (R/W) - When set, the module performs decoding on the input data. The DECODE bit must not
be set with the ENCODE bit. If both bits are cleared, the module is idle and does not accept
input data. The SRESET bit should be written with or after clearing the DECODE bit to ensure
proper operation. The DECODE bit should not be set within 5 clocks of SRESET.
ENCODE (R/W) - When set, the module performs encoding on the input data. The output data is a serial bit
stream of both data and ECC code bits. The ENCODE bit must not be set with the DECODE
bit. If both bits are cleared, the module is idle, and does not accept input data. The SRESET bit
should be written with or after clearing the ENCODE bit to ensure proper operation. The
ENCODE bit should not be set within 5 clocks of SRESET.
CORINCM (R/W) - Correction Incomplete Mask. When cleared, the MINTN_INTR interrupt signal is
asserted when the CORINC interrupt bit is asserted. When set, the interrupt signal is not
asserted with CORINC.
SMMISM (R/W) - Sync Mark Mismatch Mask. When cleared, the MINTN_INTR interrupt signal is
asserted when the SMMIS interrupt bit is asserted. When set, the interrupt signal is not asserted
with SMMIS.
COMPLM (R/W) - Block Decode Complete Mask. When cleared, the MINTN_INTR interrupt signal is
asserted when the COMPL interrupt bit is asserted. When set, the interrupt signal is not asserted
with COMPL.
PS4501-1100
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Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
CORINC (R) - Correction Incomplete. The nature of the algorithm allows the module to determine if
another iteration would be useful. When the module has reached the maximum number of
iterations programmed in ITER[4:0], a check is done to determine if another iteration would be
useful. If another iteration would be useful, then the data in the block may or may not be
correct, and the CORINC interrupt bit is set. Note that this bit is pessimistic, meaning that it
may be asserted when errorless data is output from the device when the last correction happens
on the last iteration. This is especially true when the value of ITER[4:0] is 2 or less. Therefore,
it must not be used to discard a block of data if set. Its use is more valuable in verifying that a
correct synchronization of data has occurred, or that synchronization has been lost. This bit is
never set when encoding.
SRESET (W) - Soft Reset. Writing a 1 to this bit causes a reset of the entire data path. The input and output
ports immediately stop handshaking data. The Control/Interrupt register bits [2:0] are reset, but
all other register contents are unaffected by SRESET. Note that all data internal to the module
is lost. SRESET should not be issued at the same time as either DECODE or ENCODE.
SMMIS (R) -Sync Mark Mismatch. After the first block of data has been input to the device, each x block
is checked for assertion of the ISYNC signal with the first bit of the block, where x is the value
of SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0] in the Sync register. If the ISYNC signal is not asserted
when the module is at the start of a new block, the SMMIS bit is set. Note, however, that when
this condition occurs, the module assumes the ISYNC signal is incorrect, and does not set the
write pointers to the beginning of the block. If this is necessary, the microprocessor must issue
a resynchronize command by setting the RESYNC bit of the Control register. This bit will
never be set when encoding.
RESYNC (W) - Resynchronize. When decoding, if the microprocessor has determined that synchronization
has been lost in the data stream, it can issue a RESYNC by writing a one to this bit. This will
cause the module to stop reading input data bits, discard all data read in the current input block,
and wait for an ISYNC signal. Note that the block that is being decoded when a RESYNC is
issued will be output to the data port. This bit must not be set when encoding.
COMPL (R) - Block Decode Complete Set at the completion of each block encoding or decoding cycle,
indicating that the block is ready to be output. When decoding, the value of NITER[4:0], and
the CORRECTIONS[9:0] count value in the Correct and Status registers are updated each time
the COMPL bit is set. The CORINC bit will also be set with COMPL if the incomplete
condition was detected.
DUMP (W) -Dump Current Block. When decoding, writing a 1 to this bit will cause the module to stop
iterations on the current block and send it to the output data port. The dump occurs upon
completion of the axis iteration following the current axis iteration. The worst case delay is two
axis iterations (which is equal to one full iteration for 2D codes). Decoding then begins on the
next (already loaded) data block, and another block can begin loading.
3.10 RESERVED, ADDRESS 0x08 - RESERVED
This register is for production test purposes only.
Page 18 of 36
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Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
4.0
PERFORMANCE CURVES
The following figures show a comparison between the (64,57)x(64,57) TPC implementation which has
a code rate of 0.793, and two Reed-Solomon/Viterbi implementations with code rates of 0.806 and 0.790.
The modulation is Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and the channel model is Additive White Gaussian Noise
(AWGN). Note that the TPC implementation consistently outperforms the RS/Viterbi implementations at 2
iterations. Additional iterations increase TPC performance.
Figure 12: Turbo Product Code vs. Reed-Solomon/Viterbi Performance Comparison
Turbo Product Code vs. Reed−Solomon/Viterbi
10
10
Bit Error Rate, P(e)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
(64,57) x (64,57) Hamming Product Code, Rate = 0.793
0
Uncoded PSK, rate=1
RS/Viterbi, Rate=0.806
RS/Viterbi, Rate=0.790
TPC, 1 Iteration
2 Iterations
3 Iterations
4 Iterations
6 Iterations
32 Iterations
Shannon Capacity
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
−8
1
2
3
4
5
6
Eb/No (dB)
7
8
9
10
Figure 13 shows the performance of the three 4k block codes in the same channel with 32 iterations.
Figure 13: Comparison of TPC Code Types
Turbo Product Code Performance
AHA4501 EVM, 4096 bit blocks
1.E+00
1.E-01
Bit Error Rate P(e)
1.E-02
1.E-03
1.E-04
1.E-05
Uncoded PSK Channel
(64,57)x(64,57), R=.793
1.E-06
(32,26)x(32,26)x(4,3), R=.495
"(16,11)x(16,11)x(16,11), R=.325
1.E-07
1.E-08
1.E-09
1.E-10
1.E-11
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Eb/No (dB)
Figure 14 shows the Eb/No required to achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-5. using the (64,57)x(64,57)
block code in an AWGN channel. This figure shows the correction performance trade-offs between input
quantization bits and iterations (data rate). Optimum performance occurs with 32 iterations and 6 input
quantization bits, however, excellent performance can be achieved with only 3 input quantization bits or
only 3 iterations.
PS4501-1100
Page 19 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 14: Performance Curve of Eb/No for BER of 10-5
6.75
6.5
Eb/N0 (dB) for BER = 10-5
6.25
Eb/N0
6
5.75
5.5
5.25
5
4.75
4.5
4.25
4
3.75
3.5
3.25
3
6-7
5-6
4.5-5
4-4.5
3.75-4
3.5-3.75
3.25-3.5
3-3.25
1
1
2
3
4
3
5
6
4
Soft Input Bits
8
5
Iterations
12
6
5.0
2
32
16
SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS
This section contains descriptions for all the pins. Each signal has a type code associated with it. The
type codes are described in the following table.
5.1
TYPE CODE
DESCRIPTION
I
O
I/O
S
A
Input only pin
Output only pin
Input/Output pin
Synchronous signal
Asynchronous signal
SYSTEM CONTROL
SIGNAL
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
CLK
RESETN
I
I
A
TRI_STATE
I
TESTMODE
I
System Clock. 50 MHz maximum frequency.
Power on Reset. Active low reset signal. RESETN should be a minimum of
4 clock periods. When RESETN is asserted, all registers are reset as defined
in Section 3.0 Internal Register Programming, all control signals are
deasserted, and the data path is cleared.
Tristate Enable. When this pin is asserted high, the I/O and output signal
drivers are tristated. Tied low for normal operation.
Testmode Enable. Tied low for normal operation.
Page 20 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
5.2
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACE
SIGNAL
MDATA[7:0]
MA[2:0]
MCSN
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
I/O
A
I
A
I
A
Processor Data. Data for all microprocessor reads and writes of registers
within the AHA4501 transfers across this bus.
Processor Address Bus. Used to address internal registers within the
AHA4501.
Processor Chip Select. Selects the AHA4501 as the source or destination of
the current microprocessor bus cycle. MCSN needs to be active for a
minimum of one clock cycle to start a microprocessor access.
Processor Read/Write Select. When PROCMODE is deasserted, this is the
active low write enable signal. When PROCMODE is asserted, this is the
active low read/write select signal.
Processor Ready/Data Transfer Acknowledge. When PROCMODE is
deasserted, this is an active high ready signal. When PROCMODE is
asserted, this signal is an active low data transfer acknowledge.
Processor Read Enable/Data Strobe. When PROCMODE is deasserted, this
is the active low read enable signal. When PROCMODE is asserted, this is
the active low data strobe signal.
Processor Interrupt. When PROCMODE is deasserted, this signal is active
high. When PROCMODE is asserted, this signal is active low.
Processor Address Latch Enable. When PROCMODE is not asserted and
MUXMODE is asserted, this signal is the active high address latch enable.
Otherwise, this pin is not used and must be tied low.
Processor Mode. Intel® mode when deasserted, Motorola® mode when
asserted.
Muxed Processor Mode. Deassert for non-muxed address and data bus
mode, assert for muxed address and data bus mode.
MWRN_RWN
I
A
MRDY_DTACKN
O
A
MRDN_DSN
I
A
MINTN_INTR
O
A
I
A
MALE
PROCMODE
MUXMODE
5.3
INPUT INTERFACE
SIGNAL
IDATA[7:0]
IRDY
IACPT
ISYNC
5.4
I
A
I
A
TYPE
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
S
DESCRIPTION
Data input bus.
Input data ready. Data is registered into the AHA4501 on the rising edge of
clock when IRDY and IACPT are asserted.
Input data accept. Data is registered into the AHA4501 on the rising edge of
clock when IRDY and IACPT are asserted.
Input synchronize. Asserted with IDATA for the first bit of data after the
detection of a sync mark in the data stream. ISYNC is ignored when encoding.
OUTPUT INTERFACE
SIGNAL
ODATA[7:0]
ORDY
OACPT
OSYNC
PS4501-1100
TYPE
O
S
O
S
I
S
O
S
DESCRIPTION
Data output bus.
Output data ready. Data is registered out of the AHA4501 on the rising edge
of clock when ORDY and OACPT are asserted.
Output data accept. Data is registered out of the AHA4501 on the rising
edge of clock when ORDY and OACPT are asserted.
Output synchronize. Asserted with ODATA for the first bit in every x
blocks, as programmed in the SYNC MARK FREQUENCY[3:0] section of
the Sync register.
Page 21 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
6.0
PINOUT
Table 5:
Pin Designation
PIN
SIGNAL
PIN
SIGNAL
PIN
SIGNAL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
MALE
MCSN
GND
MA[0]
VDD
GND
MA[1]
MA[2]
VDD
TIED GND
GND
MINTN_INTR
MRDY_DTACKN
NC
MDATA[7]
MDATA[6]
VDD
GND
MDATA[5]
MDATA[4]
MDATA[3]
MDATA[2]
VDD
GND
MDATA[1]
MDATA[0]
NC
NC
NC
NC
VDD
GND
NC
NC
NC
VDD
GND
NC
NC
ODATA[0]
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
GND
VDD
ODATA[1]
ODATA[2]
ODATA[3]
VDD
GND
ODATA[4]
ODATA[5]
VDD
GND
NC
ODATA[6]
ODATA[7]
VDD
GND
ORDY
OSYNC
IACPT
NC
NC
GND
GND
VDD
VDD
CLK
ISYNC
IRDY
OACPT
IDATA[0]
IDATA[1]
GND
IDATA[2]
GND
VDD
VDD
IDATA[3]
IDATA[4]
IDATA[5]
GND
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
IDATA[6]
IDATA[7]
NC
VDD
NC
GND
NC
NC
NC
VDD
GND
MUXMODE
TESTMODE
RESETN
MRDN_DSN
MWRN_RWN
GND
TRI_STATE
VDD
PROCMODE
NC - not connected internally.
Page 22 of 36
PS4501-1100
MALE
MCSN
GND
MA[0]
VDD
GND
MA[1]
MA[2]
VDD
TIED GND
GND
MINTN_INTR
MRDY_DTACKN
NC
MDATA[7]
MDATA[6]
VDD
GND
MDATA[5]
MDATA[4]
MDATA[3]
MDATA[2]
VDD
GND
MDATA[1]
MDATA[0]
NC
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
GND
IDATA[5]
IDATA[4]
IDATA[3]
VDD
VDD
GND
IDATA[2]
GND
IDATA[1]
IDATA[0]
OACPT
IRDY
ISYNC
CLK
VDD
VDD
GND
GND
NC
NC
IACPT
OSYNC
ORDY
GND
VDD
ODATA[7]
ODATA[6]
NC
GND
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 15: Pinout – 100 MQFP
IDATA[6]
IDATA[7]
NC
VDD
NC
GND
NC
NC
NC
VDD
GND
MUXMODE
TESTMODE
RESETN
MRDN_DSN
MWRN_RWN
GND
TRI_STATE
VDD
PROCMODE
PS4501-1100
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
TM
AHA4501-050 PQC
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
VDD
ODATA[5]
ODATA[4]
GND
VDD
ODATA[3]
ODATA[2]
ODATA[1]
VDD
GND
ODATA[0]
NC
NC
GND
VDD
NC
NC
NC
GND
VDD
Page 23 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
7.0
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
7.1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SYMBOL
VDD
VPIN
PARAMETER
Power supply voltage
Voltage applied to any pin
MIN
MAX
UNITS
-0.5
4.6
4.6
Volts
Volts
Absolute maximum voltage ratings are for voltage excursions which are transitory in nature.
7.2
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
SYMBOL
VDD
TA
7.2.1
PARAMETER
Power supply voltage
Operating temperature
MIN
MAX
UNITS
3.0
0
3.6
70
Volts
°C
DC SPECIFICATIONS
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
VIL
VIH
VOL
VOH
IIL
IIH
Input low voltage
Input high voltage
Output low voltage
Output high voltage
Input low current
Input high current
IDD
Active IDD current
IDD
Supply current (static)
IDD
Standby current
IOL
IOH
Output low current
Output high current
CONDITIONS
4ma output loads
4ma output loads
VIN = 0 Volts
VIN = VDD Volts
50 MHz clock, decoding at maximum
data rate, VDD=3.3V, no loads
Chip idle, 50 MHz clock, VDD=3.3V,
no loads
MIN
MAX
UNITS
−0.3
2.0
0.8
VDD−0.3
0.4
-5
5
Volts
Volts
Volts
Volts
µAmps
µAmps
250
mAmps
1.0
mAmps
20
mAmps
4
4
mAmps
mAmps
2.4
Figure 16: Current vs. Data Rate (typ)
Current (mA)
250
200
150
100
50
0
Page 24 of 36
10
20
30
Clock (MHz)
40
50
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
7.2.2
TEST CONDITIONS
PARAMETER
VALUE
AC timing reference
Note:
1.4 V
The timing diagrams for these signals assume a capacitive load of 20pF. The specified signal timings must
be derated by the factor shown in Figure 17 when operating at loads other than 20pF.
Multiplication Factor
Figure 17: Signal Timing vs. Output Load
LOAD
MULTIPLICATION
CAPACITANCE
FACTOR
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
10
7.2.3
20
30
40
Load Capacitance (pF)
50
10 pF
20 pF
30 pF
40 pF
50 pF*
0.92
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
*Production test conditions
PIN CAPACITANCE
SYMBOL
CIN
COUT
CIO
PARAMETER
Input capacitance
Output self load capacitance
I/O self load capacitance
MAX
UNITS
10
10
10
pF
pF
pF
Notes: Not tested in production.
PS4501-1100
Page 25 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
8.0
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
Figure 18: Data Input Timing
CLK
3
1
IRDY
(In)
4
IACPT
(Out)
2
ISYNC
(In)
IDATA[7:0]
Discard
Data
(In)
Data 0
Data 1
See Note
Note:
For the first block after reset, the input data is discarded until the ISYNC signal is asserted (decoding only).
Table 6:
Data Input Timing Requirements
NUMBER
PARAMETER
MIN
1
2
3
4
IRDY, ISYNC, IDATA setup to CLK rising edge
IACPT delay from CLK rising edge
IRDY, ISYNC, IDATA hold from CLK rising edge
IACPT hold from CLK rising edge
5
MAX
9
2
2
UNITS NOTES
ns
ns
ns
ns
Figure 19: Data Output Timing
CLK
3
ORDY
1
2
(Out)
4
OACPT
(In)
2
2
OSYNC
(Out)
ODATA[7:0]
(Out)
Table 7:
Data 0
Data 1
Data 2
Data Output Timing Requirements
NUMBER
PARAMETER
MIN
1
OACPT setup to CLK rising edge
ORDY, OSYNC, ODATA delay from CLK rising
edge
OACPT hold from CLK rising edge
ORDY, OSYNC, ODATA hold from CLK rising edge
5
2
3
4
Page 26 of 36
MAX
ns
9
2
2
UNITS NOTES
ns
ns
ns
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 20: Microprocessor Interface Timing (Write); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=0
CLK
MA[2:0]
Address
(In)
MDATA[7:0]
Data
(In)
1
1
MCSN
(In)
2
7
1
MWRN_RWN
(In)
5
6
3
4
MRDY_DTACKN
(Out)
Table 8:
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Write
PARAMETER
MCSN, MWRN_RWN setup to CLK rising edge
MWRN_RWN low to MDATA[7:0] valid
CLK rising edge to MRDY_DTACKN high
MCSN high to MRDY_DTACKN tristate
MCSN low to MRDY_DTACKN active
MWRN_RWN low to MRDY_DTACKN low
MCSN low setup to MWRN_RWN low
MIN
MAX
UNITS
NOTES
1 Tcp−3ns
15
12
12
15
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
1,2,3,4
5
5
2
6
Notes:
1) The microprocessor interface can be asynchronous to CLK. The above timings indicate the required setup and
hold to allow for fastest microprocessor accesses.
2) Write cycle begins when both MCSN and MWRN_RWN are low and meet setup to rising edge of CLK.
3) MCSN may be held low continuously for back to back accesses.
4) Neither MRDN_DSN nor MWRN_RWN may pulse high or low for less than one clock period.
5) Tcp = clock period. (ns)
6) Asynchronous operation only
PS4501-1100
Page 27 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 21: Microprocessor Interface Timing (Read); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=0
CLK
1
MCSN
(In)
1
1
MRDN_DSN
(In)
10
7
MA[2:0]
Address
(In)
5
2
4
MDATA[7:0]
6
Data
(Out)
9
3
8
MRDY_DTACKN
(Out)
Table 9:
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Read; PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=0
NUMBER
PARAMETER
MIN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MCSN/MRDN_DSN setup to CLK rising edge
CLK rising edge to MDATA[7:0] valid
MCSN low to MRDY_DTACKN active
MRDN_DSN low to MRDY_DTACKN low
MA[2:0] valid from MRDN_DSN low
MRDN_DSN high to MDATA[7:0] tristate
MA[2:0] hold from MRDN_DSN
MCSN high to MRDY_DTACKN tristate
CLK rising edge to MRDY_DTACKN high
MCSN low setup to MRDN_DSN low
5
2
0
3
2
MAX
11
12
15
1 Tcp−3ns
12
12
15
UNITS NOTES
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
1,2,3,4
5
6
Notes:
1) The microprocessor interface can be asynchronous to CLK. The above timings indicate the required setup and
hold to allow for fastest microprocessor accesses.
2) Write cycle begins when both MCSN and MRDN_DSN are low and meet setup to rising edge of CLK.
3) MCSN may be held low continuously for back to back accesses.
4) Neither MRDN_DSN nor MWRN_RWN may pulse high or low for less than one CLK period.
5) Tcp = clock period. (ns)
6) Asynchronous operation only.
Page 28 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 22: Microprocessor Interface Timing (Write); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1
CLK
2
4
1
MALE
(In)
9
6
MDATA[7:0]
(In)
7
Addr
Data
3
3
MCSN
(In)
13
5
3
8
MWRN_RWN
(In)
10
12
11
MRDY_DTACKN
(Out)
Table 10:
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Write; PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1
PARAMETER
Address hold from MALE falling edge
Address setup to MALE falling edge
MCSN/MWRN_RWN setup to CLK rising edge
MALE hold from MWRN_RWN rising edge
MALE setup to MWRN_RWN falling edge
Write data setup to MWRN_RWN falling edge
MDATA[7:0] and CSN hold from MWRN_RWN
rising edge
MWRN_RWN low width
MALE high width
MCSN low to MRDY_DTACKN active
CLK rising edge to MRDY_DTACKN high
MCSN high to MRDY_DTACKN tristate
MCSN low setup to MWRN_RWN low
MIN
MAX
UNITS
10
7
10
0
10
0
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
0
ns
2
10
clocks
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
12
15
12
2
NOTES
1,2,3,4
Notes:
1) The microprocessor interface can be asynchronous to CLK. The above timings indicate the required setup and
hold to allow for fastest microprocessor accesses.
2) Write cycle begins when both MCSN and MWRN_RWN are low and meet setup to rising edge of CLK.
3) MCSN may be held low continuously for back to back accesses.
4) Neither MRDN_DSN nor MWRN_RWN may pulse high or low for less than one clock period.
5) Asynchronous operation only.
PS4501-1100
Page 29 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 23: Microprocessor Interface Timing (Read); PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1
CLK
3
2
MALE
11
(In)
1
6
16
MCSN
(In)
1
1
7
MRDN_DSN
(In)
5
MDATA[7:0]
(In/Out)
9
8
4
Addr
Data
10
15
13
12
14
MRDY_DTACKN
(Out)
Table 11:
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Read; PROCMODE=0, MUXMODE=1
NUMBER
PARAMETER
MIN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
MCSN/MRDN_DSN setup to CLK rising edge
MALE hold from MRDN_DSN rising edge
MALE setup to MRDN_DSN falling edge
Address setup to MALE falling edge
Address hold from MALE falling edge
MCSN hold from MRDN_DSN rising edge
MRDN_DSN low width
MRDN_DSN falling edge to MDATA[7:0] valid
MRDN_DSN high to MDATA[7:0] tristate
Rising edge of CLK to MDATA[7:0] valid
MALE high width
MCSN low to MRDY_DTACKN active
MRDN_DSN low to MRDY_DTACKN low
MCSN high to MRDY_DTACKN tristate
CLK rising edge to MRDY_DTACKN high
MCSN low setup to MRDN_DSN low
10
0
10
7
10
0
2
2
MAX
2 Tcp+11 ns
12
11
10
3
2
12
15
12
15
UNITS NOTES
ns
1,2,3,4
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
clocks
5
ns
5
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
6
Notes:
1) The microprocessor interface can be asynchronous to CLK. The above timings indicate the required setup and
hold to allow for fastest microprocessor accesses.
2) Write cycle begins when both CSN and MRDN_DSN are low and meet setup to rising edge of CLK.
3) CSN may be held low continuously for back to back accesses.
4) Neither MRDN_DSN nor MWRN_RWN may pulse high or low for less than one CLK period.
5) Tcp = clock period. (ns)
6) Asynchronous operation only.
Page 30 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 24: Microprocessor Interface Timing (Write); PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0
CLK
8
MRDN_DSN
(In)
1
2
MA[2:0]
Address
(In)
3
MDATA[7:0]
Data
(In)
1
MCSN
(In)
1
MWRN_RWN
(In)
5
MRDY_DTACKN
6
7
4
(Out)
Table 12:
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Write; PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0
PARAMETER
MCSN, MRDN_DSN, MWRN_RWN setup to
CLK rising edge
MRDN_DSN low to MDATA[7:0] valid
MRDN_DSN low to MA[2:0] valid
MCSN low to MRDY_DTACKN active
MRDN_DSN low to MRDY_DTACKN high
CLK rising edge to MRDY_DTACKN low
MCSN high to MRDY_DTACKN tristate
MCSN low setup to MRDN_DSN low
MIN
MAX
5
1 Tcp−3ns
1 Tcp−3ns
12
15
15
0
2
UNITS
NOTES
ns
1,2,3,4
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
5
5
6
Notes:
1) The microprocessor interface can be asynchronous to CLK. The above timings indicate the required setup and
hold to allow for fastest microprocessor accesses.
2) Write cycle begins when both MCSN and MWRN_RWN are low and meet setup to rising edge of CLK.
3) MCSN may be held low continuously for back to back accesses.
4) Neither MRDN_DSN nor MWRN_RWN may pulse high or low for less than one clock period. Only required to be
recognized on current clock edge. If less than this number, cycle will be recognized on the next clock.
5) Tcp = clock period. (ns)
6) Asynchronous operation only.
PS4501-1100
Page 31 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 25: Microprocessor Interface Timing (Read); PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0
CLK
8
MRDN_DSN
(In)
1
1
MCSN
(In)
1
MWRN_RWN
(In)
4
MA[2:0]
Address
(In)
5
MDATA[7:0]
Data
(Out)
MRDY_DTACKN
3
6
2
7
(Out)
Table 13:
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Microprocessor Interface Timing Requirements - Read; PROCMODE=1, MUXMODE=0
PARAMETER
MCSN, MRDN_DSN, MWRN_RWN setup to
CLK rising edge
MCSN low to MRDY_DTACKN active
MRDN_DSN low to MRDY_DTACKN high
Address valid from MRDN_DSN low
CLK rising edge to MDATA[7:0] valid
CLK rising edge to MRDY_DTACKN low
MRDN_DSN high to MRDY_DTACKN tristate
MCSN low to MRDN_DSN low
MIN
MAX
5
3
2
UNITS NOTES
ns
12
15
1 Tcp−3ns
11
15
12
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
1,2,3,4
5
6
Notes:
1) The microprocessor interface can be asynchronous to CLK. The above timings indicate the required setup and
hold to allow for fastest microprocessor accesses.
2) Write cycle begins when both MCSN and MRDN_DSN are low and meet setup to rising edge of CLK.
3) MCSN may be held low continuously for back to back accesses.
4) Neither MRDN_DSN nor MWRN_RWN may pulse high or low for less than one CLK period.
5) Tcp = clock period. (ns)
6) Asynchronous operation only.
Page 32 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
Figure 26: Interrupt Timing
CLK
MINTN_INTR
(Out)
1
Table 14:
Interrupt Timing Requirements
NUMBER
1
2
2
PARAMETER
MIN
MINTN_INTR delay time
MINTN_INTR hold time
MAX
UNITS
12
ns
ns
2
NOTES
Figure 27: Clock Timing
1
2
2.0V
1.4V
0.8V
CLK
3
4
5
Table 15:
Clock Timing Requirements
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
PARAMETER
MIN
Clock rise time
Clock fall time
Clock high time
Clock low time
Clock period
MAX
UNITS
NOTES
2
2
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
1
1
MAX
UNITS
NOTES
clocks
ns
ns
1
1
8
8
20
Notes:
1) Not tested in production.
Figure 28: Power On Reset Timing
CLK
2
3
RESETN
1
Table 16:
NUMBER
1
2
3
Power On Reset Timing Requirements
PARAMETER
RESETN low pulsewidth
RESETN setup to clock rise
RESETN hold time
MIN
4
6
3
Notes:
1) RESETN signal can be asynchronous to the clock signal. It is internally synchronized to the rising edge of clock.
PS4501-1100
Page 33 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
9.0
PACKAGING
Figure 29: AHA4501 Package Specifications – 100 MQFP
D
D1
P
B
81
82
83
84
85
TM
(LCA)
E1 E
AHA4501A-050 PQC
96
97
98
99
P
100
26 27 28 29 30
(LCB)
A2 A
L
Table 17:
A1
PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Pack) 14 × 20 mm Package Dimensions
(All dimensions are in mm)
NUMBER OF PIN AND SPECIFICATION DIMENSION
SYMBOL
MIN
(LCA)
(LCB)
A
A1
A2
D
D1
E
E1
L
P
B
0.1
2.57
23.65
19.9
17.65
13.9
0.73
0.22
100
RB
NOM
20
30
0.23
2.71
23.9
20
17.9
14
0.88
0.65
0.3
MAX
3.1
0.36
2.87
24.15
20.1
18.15
14.1
1.03
0.33
JEDEC Outline MO-112
Page 34 of 36
PS4501-1100
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
10.0 ORDERING INFORMATION
10.1 AVAILABLE PARTS
PART NUMBER
AHA4501-050 PQC
DESCRIPTION
AHA4501 Astro 36 Mbits/sec Turbo Product Code Encoder/Decoders, 3.3 V
10.2 PART NUMBERING
AHA
4501
A
050
P
Q
C
Manufacturer
Device
Number
Revision
Level
Speed
Designation
Package
Material
Package
Type
Test
Specification
Device Number:
4501
Revision Letter:
A
Speed Designation:
50 MHz
Package Material Codes:
P
Plastic
Package Type Codes:
Q Quad
Test Specifications:
C Commercial 0°C to +70°C
PS4501-1100
Page 35 of 36
Advanced Hardware Architectures, Inc.
11.0 RELATED PUBLICATIONS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
AHA Product Brief – AHA4501 Astro 36 Mbits/sec Turbo Product Code
Encoder/Decoder
PB4501EVM
AHA Product Brief – AHA4501 TPC EVM ISA Evaluation Module
PB4501EVSW
AHA Product Brief – AHA4501 TPC Windows Evaluation Software
AHA Product Brief – AHA4540 Astro OC-3 155 Mbits/sec Turbo Product Code
PB4540
Encoder/Decoder
AHA Product Brief – Galaxy Core Generator Turbo Product Code Decoder
PBGALAXY
Cores
PBGALAXY_EVSW AHA Product Brief – AHA Galaxy TPC Windows Evaluation Software
PBGALAXY_STK
AHA Product Brief – AHA Galaxy Simulation Tool Kit
AHA Product Specification – AHA4540 Astro OC-3 155 Mbits/sec Turbo
PS4540
Product Code Encoder/Decoder
ANTPC01
AHA Application Note – Primer: Turbo Product Codes
AHA Application Note – Use and Performance of Shortened Codes with the
ANTPC02
AHA4501 Turbo Product Code Encoder/Decoder
AHA Application Note – Use and Performance of the AHA4501 Turbo Product
ANTPC03
Code Encoder/Decoder with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
AHA Application Note – Use and Performance of the AHA4501 Turbo Product
ANTPC04
Code Encoder/Decoder with Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)
AHA Application Note – AHA4501 Turbo Product Code Encoder/Decoder
ANTPC05
Designer’s Guide
AHA Application Note – AHA4501 Turbo Product Code Encoder/Decoder
ANTPC06
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
ANTPC07
AHA Application Note – Turbo Product Codes for LMDS
AHA Application Note – Using Multiple AHA4501 Devices in Parallel for
ANTPC08
Higher Data Rates
AHA Evaluation Software – Turbo Product Codes - Windows Evaluation
TPCEVAL
Software
PB4501
This product and the algorithm are covered under multiple applied patents.
Page 36 of 36
PS4501-1100