Contents LED 산업 동향 Product Introduction Application guide 1 LED 산업 동향 2 LED 산업 성장 History LED산업은 휴대폰, 노트북, LED TV로 이어지는 성장 히스토리를 가지고 있으며, 2000년 20억 달러였던 LED시장이 2011년 90억 달러로 확대 LED산업의 성장 (단위 : 십억 달러) 성장 3기 9 성장 2기 7 성장 1기(2000~2004년) 휴대폰에 LED 액정 보급 확대 성장 2기(2006~2008년) 저전력 및 슬림화 노트북에 LED 장착 성장 1기 5 성장 3기(2009~2011년) LCD TV BLU로 LED가 사용되면서 본격적인 성장궤도에 진입 3 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 성장 4기 성장동력은 LED 조명 3 LED 산업 동향 2014년 백열전구 퇴출과 더불어 에너지 효율화 정책 및 LED 조명 가격 하락으로 급 상승 전망 기존 조명 vs LED 조명 비교 구분 제어 응답속도 광전환 효율 수은 발광대역 기존조명 On/Off 1~3초(형광등) 백열등 5%, 형광등 40% 사용(기체광원) LED조명 다색 및 다단계 밝기 ~10나노초 최고 90% 잠재효율 수명 3~7천 시간 무(고체광원) 집중화 5~10만 시간 내열성 가격 우수 저렴(형광등 약 3천원) 열에 취약 고가(1만~20만원) 집중 불가 비고 지능 감성조명 고효율 광원, CO2저감 친환경 특수조명 활용 유지관리 용이 별도 방열설계 보급애로 전 세계 조명기구의 연간 소비전력은 2조 1,000kWh, 전체 전력의 12~15% 소비 LED → 전세계적 CO2 배출 규제 및 환경규제 강화 등으로 에너지 효율 향상, 유독물질 및 조명으로 폐기물의 최소화가 요구되고 있고 이에 대한 해결책으로 LED 조명이 부상 중 전환은 불가피 2014년은 LED 조명 보급의 원년 : 백열전구 퇴출과 더불어 성장성이 더욱더 부각될 전망 4 LED 조명 응용 분야 5 LED Lighting 생산 Flow 6 Product Introduction 7 LED Lighting Products Feature IL9910 IL9961 IK2306 IK280x IK402U Function Universal High Voltage LED Driver Universal High Voltage LED Driver MOS FET Switch LED Driver, 50mA Constant current LED Driver Linear LED Driver Maximum supply DC Voltage 450V 450V 400V 30V 40V Output Current Up to >1A adjustable by external resistor Up to >1A adjustable by external resistor 50mA, fixed 20 ~ 360mA per channel adjustable by external resistor 22 ~ 65mA adjustable by external resistor Power Dissipation 630mW for SOP-8 630mW for SOP-8 740mW for TO-92 1600mW for SOT-89 800mW Package type TBD Thermal protection No No No Yes Negative Thermal Coefficient Short circuit protection No Yes No No No Dimming ANALOG / PWM ANALOG / PWM No dimming ANALOG / PWM No dimming Compatibility HV9910 HV9961 HV9922 MBI1804 BCR402U 8 Universal High Voltage LED Driver – IL9910 The IL9910 is a PWM high-efficient LED driver specifically designed for driving multi-LED strings or arrays, supplied from voltage sources rating from 8VDC up to 450VDC. IC controls an external MOSFET at fixed switching frequency up to 300 kHz. The operating frequency can be set using an external resistor. FEATURES ► 8 V to 450 V input range ► LED string current can be set from a few mA to more than 1 A ► Brightness control for LED string from one to hundreds of diodes ► PWM low-frequency LED dimming ► Linear LED dimming ► Operating temperature range -40℃~+85℃ APPLICATION ► DC/DC or AC/DC LED Driver applications ► Low-cost off-line buck, boost or buck-boost converter control IC ► RGB Backlighting LED Driver ► Back Lighting of Flat Panel Displays ► General purpose constant current source ► Signage and Decorative LED Lighting ► Automotive / Chargers 9 LED Driver with Average-mode constant current control – IL9961 The IL9961 is an average current mode control LED driver IC operating in a constant off-time mode. this control IC does not produce a peak-to-average error, and therefore greatly improves accuracy, line and load regulation of the LED current without any need for loop compensation or high-side current sensing. The output LED current accuracy is ±3%. The IC is equipped with a current limit comparator for hiccupmode output short circuit protection. The IL9961 can be powered from an 8.0~450V supply. A PWM dimming input is provided that accepts an external control TTL compatible signal. The output current can be programmed by an internal 275mV reference, or controlled externally through a 0~1.5V dimming input. IL9961 is pin-to-pin compatible with IL9910 and it can be used as a drop-in replacement for many applications to improve the LED current accuracy and regulation. FEATURES ► Input Voltage range VIN from 8 V to 450 V ► Control by Fast average current ► Programmed fixed duration of the current off state in the induction coil ► Linear LED dimming ► Option of LED brightness trimming by low frequency PWM signal ► Output short circuit protection ► IL9910 IC pin-to-pin compatibility ► Operating temperature range -40℃~+125℃ 10 Application 10W 13W 10W 15W 16W Fluorescent tube LED Tube Type LED Street lighting LED Bulb Type LED Signage lighting 11 High voltage LED Driver with Build-in MOSFET Switch – IK2306 IK2306 is high-voltage LED driver control ICs with build-in MOSFET switch and purposed for LED lighting control. IC allows efficient operation of LED strings from voltage sources ranging up to 400 VDC. The IK2306 include an internal high-voltage switching MOSFET controlled with fixed off-time TOFF of approximately 10μs. The LED string is driven at constant current, thus providing constant light output and enhanced reliability. The output current is internally fixed 50mA for IK2306. The peak current control scheme provides good regulation of the output current throughout the universal AC line voltage range of 85 to 264VAC or DC input voltage of 20 to 400V. FEATURES ► ON-resistance of the MOSFET switch 210 Ohm for ambient temperature 25 ºС ► OFF-state breakdown voltage of the MOSFET switch not less 500 V for ambient temperature 25 ºC ► Operating temperature range -40℃~+85℃ ► Own Design item 12 Application Decorative Lighting Low power Lighting Architectural Lighting 13 High power Constant current LED Driver IK280x is an instant On/Off LED driver for high power LED applications and exploits to enhance its output characteristics. At IK2802D/IK2804D/IK2816TSD output stage, (Two/Four/Sixteen) regulated current ports are designed to provide uniform and constant current sinks for driving LEDs within a large range of VF variations. IK2802D/IK2804D/IK2816TSD provides users (2-Ch/4-Ch/16-Ch) constant current ports. Users may adjust the output current from (40~360mA/40~240mA /5~60mA) through an external resistor, Rext, which gives users flexibility in controlling the light intensity of LEDs. In addition, users can precisely adjust LED brightness from 0% to 100% via output enable with Pulse Width Modulation. Additionally, to ensure the system reliability, IK2802D/IK2804D/IK2816TSD is built with TP (Thermal Protection) function and thermal pad. The TP function protects IC from over temperature (165°C). Also, the thermal pad enhances the power dissipation. As a result, a large amount of current can be handled safely in one package FEATURES ► Constant output current invariant to load voltage change ► Output current adjusted through an external resistor ► All Load Supply Voltage drift about 17V (Max) ► Schmitt trigger input ► 5V supply voltage ► Buit-in Thermal Protection ► Pin to Pin compatibility MBI1802/03/16 (Macroblock) 14 Application IK2802 IK2804 IK2816 2 4 16 360mA 240mA 60mA Between Channels (Max) <±3% <±3% <±3% Between Ics (Max) <±6% <±6% <±6% Yes Yes Yes SOP-8 SOP-8 TSSOP-20 Characteristic Constant-Current Output Channels Maximum output constant current per channel Excellent output current accuracy Thermal protection Package type Channel letter lighting IK2816 High Flux LED lighting IK2802 / IK2804 15 Application guide 16 Application guide – IL9910 / IL9961 [ IL9910 Functional Block Diagram ] [ IL9961 Functional Block Diagram ] 17 IL9910 / IL9961 차이 점 UVLO (Under voltage lock out) Purpose: to provide more stable operation. After turning on power, the UVLO function keeps the internal circuits in the standby state until the input voltage (VIN) reaches the UVLO VON threshold, it is to avoid malfunctioning of the product below the UVLO voltage. In case the input voltage (VIN) drops below the UVLO VOFF during operation, the UVLO function forces IC into the standby state to prevent to a malfunctioning. 18 IL9910 / IL9961 차이 점 Short circuit protection When a short circuit is applied at the output of the buck converter, the only voltage available to reset the magnetic flux in the inductor during tOFF is the rectifier diode voltage drop. When the converter keeps switching at the same frequency rate this may not be enough. Therefore, the inductor current will keep rising every switching cycle. The HV9961 is protecting the LED driver from such “staircase” saturation of the inductor by introducing a second threshold ILIM = 0.44V/RCS. When this threshold is reached, the GATE output becomes disabled for 400μs, thus letting the inductor current ramp down to a safe level. IL9910 IL9961 19 Power factor and Total harmonic distortion Low Frequency Mains Harmonics The generation of harmonics is a consequence of the non linear behaviour of the load. The major contributor to this problem in electronic apparatus is the mains rectifier. The situation is often seen in off line switch mode power supplies but it is not a consequence of the switching process but rather the mains rectification. A typical off line switch mode power supply will contain a full bridge rectifier connected directly to the live and neutral lines and feeding a large smoothing / hold-up capacitor. It is this combination that is the source of the trouble. 1 – rectified Voltage, smoothed by capacitor 2 - rectified Voltage 3 – input Current 20 Passive Power Factor Corrector (PFC) – “Valley Fill” The purpose of the valley fill circuit is to allow the buck converter to pull power directly off the AC line when the line voltage is greater than 50% of its peak voltage. During this time, capacitors within the valley fill circuit (C1 and C2) are in series and charged via D2 and R1. Once the line drops below 50% of its peak voltage, the two capacitors are essentially placed in parallel. It allows to improve the line Current harmonic distortion and to achieve a power factor greater than 0.85 21 LED Dimming Function LED 는 수은이 없는 광원으로 진동 및 압력에 강하고 고속 응답성과 조도 (Intensity of illumination) 조절 (Dimming) 이 강점. -. Analog Method : IL9910 / IL9961 -. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) : 추가적인 Circuit 필요 22 Dimming Function 23 IL9910 / 9961 Demo board outline Specification of the Demo board . Input Voltage . Oscillation Frequency . Output Current . Output Voltage : AC 230V : 28kHz : 350mA : 9V 66.04mm 91.01mm 24 IL9910 / IL9961 Demo board Gerber (제조:MISSIONTECH) Total Layer Bottom View TOP View 25 IL9910 / IL9961 Demo board circuit Discharge L2 through LED Rectify AC to DC Maintain rectified voltage Reduce ripple current LED R4 Maintain rectified voltage Reduce current Through IC Program oscillator frequency Bypass capacitor Current sense Function Low pass filter 26 IL9910 / IL9961 Demo board 설정 Calculation Set f=50kHz T=1/f=1/50=20us Duty=Vout/Vin=80/(220*1.4)=0.26 ton=D*T=0.26*20=5.2us toff=T-ton=20-5.2=14.8us Rcs=0.25V/(1.15*Io(A))=0.25/(1.15*0.35)=0.62Ω Rt=tosc*25kΩ-22kΩ=20us*25kΩ-22=478kΩ Lo=Vo*toff/(0.3*Io)=80*14.8/(0.3*0.35)=11mH Limitations Vo<0.5*Vin, for Vin=220VAC or 310VDC Vomax=310/2=155VDC 27 IK2306 Demo board outline Specification of the Demo board . Input Voltage . Output Current . Output Voltage . PFC . THD : AC 220V : 40mA : 125DCV : ≥ 0.9 : ≤ 40% 36.77mm 82.22mm 28 IK2306 Demo board Gerber (제조: MISSIONTECH) Total Layer TOP View Bottom View 29 IK2306 Demo board circuit Rectify AC to DC 10Ω 2.2uF 470Ω Limit current 2.2mH 0.1uF 120nF 1MΩ 2.2uF Discharge L2 through LED Reduce ripple current 0.1uF • • • • DIODE 1,2,3 IN4007 DIODE 4 UF4007 F1 1A, 250VAC BD1 1A, 600V Supply internal IC Schematic during OFF time 50mH Charge energy and Provide it to LED 30 IK2306 Demo board 설정 Calculation Lo=Vo*toff/(0.3*Io)=150V*10.5us/(0.3*50mA)=105mH Select L1 19R107C, L=100mH, I=70mA. Typical SRF=170KHz. Calculate the coil capacitance. Cl=1/(Lo*(2*3.14*SRF)2=1/(100mH*2*3.14*170kHz)2=8.8*10-12=9pF Total capacitance: Cp=Cdrain+Cpcb+Cl+Cdiode=5pF+5pF+9pF+8pF=27pF Calculating the leading edge spike duration Tspike=Vin*1.4*Cp/Isat+Trr=264*1.4*27pF/150mA=66ns<Tblank_min (200ns) Power dissipation: Fs=(Vin-Vo/η)/(Vin*Toff)=(373-150/0.7)/(373*10.5us)=40kHz Pswich=(Vin2*Cp/2+Vin*Isat*Trr)*Fs=(2642*27pF/2+264*0.15*20ns)*40000=69mW Minimum Duty ratio: Dmin=Vo/(0.7*Vin)=150/(0.7*264*1.41)=0.57 31 IK2306 Demo board 설정 Calculation Conduction power loss: Pcond=Io2*Ron*Vo/Vin+Idd*(Vin-Vo)=0.05A2*210*150/373+350uA*(373-150)=289mW Total power loss: Ptot=Pswich+Pcond=69mW+289mW=358mW Selecting Input Capacitor Cin: Pout=150V*50mA=7.5W Cin=0.1uF/W=0.1*7.5=0.75uF, select 1uF, 400V 32 IK280x Application guide 33 IK280x Application guide Typical Application Circuit 1. 각 Output 단자 최대 240mA 전류 출력가능 (개별분리) ** MacroBlock MBI1804 (18V Process) ⇔ IK Semicon IK2804D (36V Process) ESD 부분 강점 (LG 냉장고 Set (내등 Application에 적용) Application Circuit 1. 현재 Out Port (OUT0~4 : 출력 개별 분리 필요) ⇒ 출력 Port의 전류편차 간섭 인해 각 Port 정 전류 출력 안되고 PIN 2 (Feedback)의 문제로 LED 출력 Flicker 현상 2. 출력전류 관련 240mA 이상으로 필요하면 1) Out Port (PIN 3, 4, 5, 6) 마다 개별 LED 배열 (240mA) 구성 2) Out Port (PIN 3, 4, 5, 6)에 각 저항 (3216 Size) (10~22Ω)를 추가 구성 34 품질기술부 부장 류현국 e-mail : [email protected] Mobile : 010–9211-0029 35