B GA 915 N 7 Highl y Lin ear and L ow Nois e A mplif er for Gl obal Na vi gati o n S atelli te S ys te m s G PS/ G L O NA S S/ Gal ileo/ C O M PA S S fr o m 1550 MHz to 1 615 M Hz Appli c ations Applic atio n N ote A N 251 Revision: Rev. 1.3 2011-09-13 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2011-10-04 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2011 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Application Note AN251 Revision History: 2011-09-13 Previous Revision: AN251 Rev.1.2, 2011-07-22 Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) 1 Title updated Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. Mifare™ of NXP. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-02-24 Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 3 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 BGA915N7 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution ............................... 6 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3 Application Circuit ........................................................................................................................... 10 4 Typical Measurement Results ......................................................................................................... 11 5 Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .......................................................... 13 6 Miscellaneous Measured Graphs ................................................................................................... 19 7 Evaluation Board .............................................................................................................................. 21 8 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 4 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 BGA915N7 in TSNP-7-6 Package (1.40mm x 1.26mm x 0.38mm) ..................................................... 6 Block diagram of the BGA915N7 for GNSS High Bands 1559-1615MHz applications ....................... 9 BGA915N7 application circuit ............................................................................................................ 10 Power gain of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .................................................. 13 Narrowband power gain of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .............................. 13 Input matching of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................................. 14 Output matching of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .......................................... 14 Reverse isolation of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ......................................... 15 Noise figure of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ................................................. 15 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA915N7 at supply voltage of 1.8V for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................................................................................................................... 16 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA915N7 at supply voltage of 2.8V for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................................................................................................................... 16 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V .............................. 17 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V .............................. 17 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GLONASS band at Vcc=1.8V .................... 18 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GLONASS band at Vcc=2.8V .................... 18 Stability factor k of BGA915N7 upto 10GHz ...................................................................................... 19 Stability factor µ1 of BGA915N7 upto 10GHz .................................................................................... 19 Stability factor µ2 of BGA915N7 upto 10GHz .................................................................................... 20 Input and output matching for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V .......................... 20 Input and output matching for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V .......................... 21 Populated PCB picture of BGA915N7 ............................................................................................... 21 PCB layer stack .................................................................................................................................. 22 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Pin Definition ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Switching Mode .................................................................................................................................... 9 Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 10 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V .............................................. 11 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V .............................................. 12 Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 5 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS BGA915N7 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution 1 BGA915N7 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution 1.1 Features • High gain: 15.5 dB • High out-of-band input 3rd-order intercept point: +10 dBm • High input 1dB compression point: -5 dBm • Low noise figure: 0.7 dB • Low current consumption: 4.4 mA • Operating frequency: 1550-1615 MHz • Supply voltage: 1.5 V to 3.6 V • Digital on/off switch (1V logic high level) • Very small TSNP-7-6 leadless package • B7HF Silicon Germanium technology • RF output internally matched to 50 Ω • Only three external SMD components necessary • 2 kV HBM ESD protection (including AI-pin) • Pb-free (RoHS compliant) package Figure 1 BGA915N7 in TSNP-7-6 Package (1.40mm x 1.26mm x 0.38mm) 1.2 Applications - Global Positioning System (GPS) - GLONASS (Russian GNSS) - Galileo (European GNSS) - COMPASS (Chinese Beidou Navigation System) Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 6 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction 2 Introduction The BGA915N7 is a front-end Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications. It is based on Infineon Technologies’ B7HF SiliconGermanium (SiGe:C) technology, enabling a cost-effective solution in a very small TSNP-7-6 package with ultra low noise figure, high gain, high linearity and low current consumption over a wide range of supply voltages from 3.6 V down to 1.5 V. The GNSS satellites are at an orbit altitude of more than 20,000 km away from earth’s surface and transmit power in the range of +47 dBm. After taking losses (atmospheric, antenna etc.) into account, the received signal strength at the GNSS device input is very low in the range of -130 dBm. The ability of the GNSS device to receive such a low signal strength and provide meaningful information to the end-user depends strongly on the noise figure of the GNSS receive chain. This ability which is called receiver sensitivity can be improved by using a low-noise amplifier with low noise figure and high gain at the input of the receiver chain. The improved sensitivity results in a shorter Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF), which is the time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position and also improved coverage area. Noise figure of the LNA defines the overall noise figure of the GNSS receiver system. This is where BGA915N7 excels by providing noise figure as low as 0.7 dB and high gain of 15.5 dB, thereby improving the receiver sensitivity significantly. The ever growing demand to integrate more and more functionality into one device leads to many challenges when transmitter/receiver has to work simultaneously without degrading the performance of each other. In today’s smart-phones a GNSS receiver simultaneously coexists with transceivers in the GSM/EDGE/UMTS/LTE bands. These 3G/4G transceivers transmit high power in the range of +24 dBm which due to insufficient isolation couple to the GNSS receiver. The cellular signals can mix to produce Intermodulation products exactly in the GNSS receiver frequency band. For example, GSM 1712.5 MHz mixes with UMTS 1850 MHz to produce third-order-product exactly at GPS 1575 MHz. To quantify the effect, BGA915N7 shows out-of-band input IP3 at GPS of +10.6 dBm as a result of frequency mixing between GSM 1713 MHz and UMTS 1851 MHz with power levels of -20 dBm. BGA915N7 has a high in-band input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3) of +0.37 dBm, so that it is especially suitable for the GPS function in mobile phones. Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 7 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction BGA915N7 also offers sufficient rejection at 787.76MHz, which is band-13 of upcoming LTE and whose 2nd harmonic is at GPS frequency, to meet specifications of 2nd harmonic of band13 without any additional circuitry. BGA915N7 has input referred band-13 second harmonic level of -48.5 dBm when the input signal of 787.76 MHz at -25 dBm is applied. The output of the BGA915N7 is internally matched to 50 Ω, and a DC blocking capacitor is integrated on-chip, thus no external component is required at the output. Depending on the application, three or four external components on the input side are required. The device also integrates an on-chip ESD protection which can resist until 2 kV (referenced to Human Body Model). The integrated power on/off feature provides for low power consumption and increased stand-by time for GNSS handsets. Moreover, the low consumption (4.4 mA) makes the device suitable for portable technology like GNSS receivers and mobiles phones. The Internal circuit diagram of the BGA915N7 is presented in Figure 2. Table 1 show the pin assignment of BGA915N7. Table 2 shows the truth table to turn on/off BGA915N7 by applying different voltage to the PON pin. Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 8 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction Figure 2 Table 1 Block diagram of the BGA915N7 for GNSS High Bands 1559-1615MHz applications Pin Definition Pin Symbol Comment 1 DEG Emitter degneration 2 AI Amplifier Input 3 BIAS Collector to Base bias 4 AO Amplifier Output 5 VCC Voltage supply 6 PON Power On/Off mode 7 VSS Grounding Table 2 Mode Switching Mode Symbol ON/OFF Control Voltage Min Max On PON, on 1.0V VCC Off PON, off 0 0.4 Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 9 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Application Circuit 3 Application Circuit 3.1 Schematic Diagram Figure 3 BGA915N7 application circuit Table 3 Symbol 1 Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Package Manufacturer Comment C1 (optional) 1 µF 0402 Various RF bypass for low frequencies C2 (optional) 33 pF 0402 Various DC block C3 1 pF 0402 Various Input matching L1 82 nH 0402 Murata LQW series Bias feed, RF choke self resonance frequency @ 1.575 GHz L2 7.3 nH 0402 Murata LQW series Input matching / noise matching TSNP-7-6 Infineon N1 M1 BGA915N7 2 ~ 0.55 nH SiGe LNA Microstrip line for gain setting 1 This application circuit is implemented using high-Q inductors. For application with low-Q inductors please refer to application note AN253 2 Total board inductance = inductance of the microstrip line (~500pH) + inductance of via (~50pH) Please refer to application note AN258 for more details on “realization of small inductor values on a PCB by using microstriplines”. Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 10 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Typical Measurement Results 4 Typical Measurement Results Table 4 and Table 5 show typical measurement results of the application circuit shown in Figure 3. The values given in this table include losses of the board and the SMA connectors if not otherwise stated. Table 4 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 1.8 V DC Current Icc 4.6 mA Frequency System Sys Galileo/COMPASS GPS GLONASS Frequency Range Freq 1559-1593 1575 1602-1615 MHz Gain G 15.5 15.4 15.2 dB Noise Figure NF 0.76 0.77 0.76 dB Input Return Loss RLin 11.1 11.3 11.4 dB Output Return Loss RLout 15.9 16.6 16.8 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 20.2 20.1 19.9 dB Comment/Test Condition PCB and SMA connectors of 0.05dB losses substracted fgalileo = 1559 MHz Input P1dB IP1dB -7.5 -7.2 dBm -6.4 fgps = 1575 MHz f GLONASS = 1615 MHz Output P1dB OP1dB LTE band-13 nd 2 Harmonic H2 – input referred Input IP3 In-band 7.0 7.2 dBm 7.8 dBm -48.2 fIN = 787.76 MHz PIN = -25 dBm f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz f2gal/gps = 1576MHz IIP3 -0.13 -0.03 1.06 dBm f1GLONASS =1609 MHz f2GLONASS =1610 MHz Input power= -30dBm Output IP3 In-band Input IP3 out-of-band Stability OIP3 15.5 15.5 IIP3o 16.4 dBm 11 dBm f1 = 1713 MHz f2 = 1851 MHz Input power= -20dBm k Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 >1 11 / 24 -- Unconditionnally Stable from 0 to 10GHz 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Table 5 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 2.8 V DC Current Icc 4.7 mA Frequency System Sys Galileo/COMPASS GPS Glonass Frequency Range Freq 1559-1593 1575 1602-1615 MHz Gain G 15.6 15.5 15.3 dB Noise Figure NF 0.77 0.76 0.76 dB Input Return Loss RLin 11.7 12.0 12.2 dB Output Return Loss RLout 15.3 16.2 17.4 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 20.6 20.5 20.2 dB Comment/Test Condition PCB and SMA connectors of 0.05dB losses substracted fgalileo = 1559 MHz Input P1dB IP1dB -4.6 -4.4 -3.6 dBm fgps = 1575 MHz f GLONASS = 1615 MHz Output P1dB OP1dB LTE band-13 nd 2 Harmonic H2 – input referred Input IP3 In-band 10.0 10.1 10.7 dBm dBm -48.5 fIN = 787.76 MHz PIN = -25 dBm f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz f2gal/gps = 1576MHz IIP3 0.37 0.37 1.23 dBm f1GLONASS =1609 MHz f2GLONASS =1610 MHz Input power= -30dBm Output IP3 In-band Input IP3 out-of-band Stability OIP3 IIP3o k Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 15.9 15.9 10.6 >1 12 / 24 16.6 dBm f1 = 1713 MHz dBm f2 = 1851 MHz Input power= -20dBm -- Unconditionnally Stable from 0 to 10GHz 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands 5 Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Gain 20 1559 MHz 15.5 dB 15 1575 MHz 15.44 dB 10 S21 (dB) 1559 MHz 15.56 dB Gain at Vcc=1.8V 1575 MHz 15.5 dB Gain at Vcc=2.8V 1615 MHz 15.32 dB 1615 MHz 15.23 dB 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 0 Figure 4 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) Power gain of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Narrowband gain 16 Gain at Vcc=1.8V 1559 MHz 15.556 dB 15.8 1575 MHz 15.502 dB 15.6 1615 MHz 15.324 dB Gain at Vcc=2.8V S21 (dB) 15.4 1559 MHz 15.498 dB 15.2 1575 MHz 15.438 dB 15 1615 MHz 15.234 dB 14.8 14.6 14.4 14.2 14 1500 Figure 5 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 Frequency (MHz) 1650 1675 1700 Narrowband power gain of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 13 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Input matching 0 S11 at Vcc=1.8V S11 at Vcc=2.8V S11 (dB) -5 1575 MHz -11.3 dB 1559 MHz -11.05 dB -10 1615 MHz -11.35 dB 1559 MHz -11.7 dB 1575 MHz -11.99 dB -15 1615 MHz -12.15 dB -20 0 Figure 6 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) Input matching of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Output matching 0 S22 at Vcc=1.8V S22 at Vcc=2.8V S22 (dB) -5 -10 1559 MHz -15.86 dB 1575 MHz -16.56 dB -15 1615 MHz -16.84 dB 1559 MHz -15.28 dB 1575 MHz -16.21 dB 1615 MHz -17.39 dB -20 0 Figure 7 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) Output matching of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 14 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Isolation -10 S12 at Vcc=1.8V -15 1575 MHz -20.08 dB 1559 MHz -20.17 dB -20 S12 (dB) S12 at Vcc=2.8V 1615 MHz -19.9 dB -25 1615 MHz -20.24 dB 1575 MHz 1559 MHz -20.45 dB -20.56 dB -30 -35 -40 -45 0 Figure 8 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) Reverse isolation of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Noise figure 1 NF at Vcc=1.8V NF at Vcc=2.8V NF (dB) 0.9 0.8 0.7 1559 MHz 0.759 1559 MHz 0.765 1575 MHz 0.774 1615 MHz 0.756 1575 MHz 0.76 1615 MHz 0.755 0.6 0.5 1559 Figure 9 1567 1575 1583 1591 Frequency (MHz) 1599 1607 1615 Noise figure of BGA915N7 for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 15 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=1.8V 20 P1dB at Vcc=1.8V Galileo (1559MHz) P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GPS (1575MHz) P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GLONASS (1615MHz) Gain (dB) 18 -25 dBm 15.55 dB -25 dBm 15.32 dB 16 14 -6.38 dBm 14.3 dB -25 dBm 15.3 dB -7.524 dBm 14.55 dB -7.214 dBm 14.32 dB 12 10 -25 Figure 10 -20 -15 -10 Power (dBm) -5 0 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA915N7 at supply voltage of 1.8V for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=2.8V 20 P1dB at Vcc=2.8V Galileo (1559MHz) P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GPS (1575MHz) P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GLONASS (1615MHz) Gain (dB) 18 -25 dBm 15.6 dB 16 -3.646 dBm 14.39 dB -25 dBm 15.41 dB 14 -4.641 dBm 14.6 dB -25 dBm 15.39 dB -4.386 dBm 14.41 dB 12 10 -25 Figure 11 -20 -15 -10 Power (dBm) -5 0 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA915N7 at supply voltage of 2.8V for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 16 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Intermodulation for GPS band 0 -10 1576 MHz -14.32 1575 MHz -14.28 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 1577 MHz -73.78 -70 -80 -90 -100 1573 Figure 12 1574 1575 1576 Frequency (MHz) 1577 1578 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V Intermodulation for GPS band 0 -10 1575 MHz -14.23 1576 MHz -14.27 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 1577 MHz -74.62 -70 -80 -90 -100 1573 Figure 13 1574 1575 1576 Frequency (MHz) 1577 1578 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 17 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Intermodulation for GLONASS band 0 -10 1610 MHz -14.53 1609 MHz -14.46 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 1611 MHz -76.1 -80 -90 -100 1607 Figure 14 1608 1609 1610 Frequency (MHz) 1611 1612 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GLONASS band at Vcc=1.8V Intermodulation for GLONASS band 0 -10 1610 MHz -14.46 1609 MHz -14.39 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 1611 MHz -76.43 -70 -80 -90 -100 1607 Figure 15 1608 1609 1610 Frequency (MHz) 1611 1612 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA915N7 for GLONASS band at Vcc=2.8V Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 18 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Miscellaneous Measured Graphs 6 Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Stability K factor 3 Stability K factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability K factor at Vcc=2.8V 2 1575 MHz 1.13 1 1575 MHz 1.106 0 100 Figure 16 2100 4100 6100 Frequency (MHz) 8100 10000 Stability factor k of BGA915N7 upto 10GHz Stability Mu1 factor 3 Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=2.8V 1575 MHz 1.642 2 1 1575 MHz 1.509 0 100 Figure 17 2100 4100 6100 Frequency (MHz) 8100 10000 Stability factor µ1 of BGA915N7 upto 10GHz Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 19 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Stability Mu2 factor 3 Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=2.8V 2 1575 MHz 1.349 1 1575 MHz 1.276 0 100 Figure 18 2100 4100 6100 Frequency (MHz) 8100 10000 Stability factor µ2 of BGA915N7 upto 10GHz 0.8 1.0 Input and Output matching with Vcc=1.8V Swp Max 1615MHz 2. 0 6 0. Input Output 0. 4 0 3. 10.0 10.0 1615 MHz r 0.815933 x -0.187204 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 19 5.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0 0.2 0.2 1559 MHz r 0.733601 x -0.0844743 0 4. 1615 MHz r 1.1184 x 0.582512 -10.0 0.4 1559 MHz r 0.791711 x 0.475553 Swp Min 1559MHz Input and output matching for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 20 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Evaluation Board 0.8 1.0 Input and Output matching with Vcc=2.8V Swp Max 1615MHz Output 2. 0 6 0. Input 0. 4 0 3. 10.0 5.0 10.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 5.0 1615 MHz r 1.09257 x 0.524272 1615 MHz r 0.804721 x -0.147024 -10.0 0.2 1559 MHz r 0.710489 x -0.0552515 0 0 4. 1559 MHz r 0.785904 x 0.426873 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 1559MHz Figure 20 Input and output matching for Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V 7 Evaluation Board Figure 21 Populated PCB picture of BGA915N7 Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 21 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Evaluation Board Vias Rogers 4003C, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 22 FR4, 0.8mm PCB layer stack Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 22 / 24 2011-09-13 BGA915N7 Highly Linear LNA for Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS/GNSS/Galileo/COMPASS Authors 8 Authors Anthony Thomas, Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”. Jagjit Singh Bal, Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”. Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior staff engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”. Application Note AN251, Rev. 1.3 23 / 24 2011-09-13 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN251