BF P840 E SD Si Ge: C Ul tra Lo w N ois e RF T rans is t or in D ual - B and 2 .4 - 2.5 G Hz & 5 - 6 G Hz W LA N Applic at ion (For 802.11a / b / g / n / ac Wireless LAN Applications) Applic atio n N ote A N 309 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2014-01-15 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2014-01-17 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2014 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Application Note AN309 Revision History: 2014-01-15 Previous Revision: No previous revision Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 3 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Introduction Table of Content 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 ® About Wi-Fi /Wireless LAN (WLAN) ................................................................................................... 5 2 2.1 2.2 BFP840ESD Overview ........................................................................................................................ 7 Features ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Key Applications of BFP840ESD ......................................................................................................... 7 3 3.1 BFP840ESD as LNA for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz Wireless LAN Applications ................................................ 8 Description ........................................................................................................................................... 8 4 4.1 4.2 Application Circuit and Performance Overview .............................................................................. 9 Performance Overview ......................................................................................................................... 9 Schematics and Bill-of-Materials ........................................................................................................ 10 5 Measurement Graphs ...................................................................................................................... 11 6 Evaluation Board .............................................................................................................................. 17 7 Layout Information .......................................................................................................................... 18 8 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 19 9 Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 19 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 General block diagram 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11b/g/n) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) Front-End ..................................................................................................................... 5 BFP840ESD in SOT343 ....................................................................................................................... 7 Package and pin connections of BFP840ESD in Topview .................................................................. 8 Schematic of the BFP840ESD Application Circuit ............................................................................. 10 Narrowband Insertion Gain of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD ............................... 11 Wideband Insertion Gain of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD .................................. 11 Input Matching of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD ................................................... 12 Input Matching (Smith Chart, Port Deembedded) .............................................................................. 12 Reverse Isolation of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD .............................................. 13 Output Matching of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD ................................................ 13 Output Matching (Smith Chart, Port Deembedded) ........................................................................... 14 Noise Figure of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD ...................................................... 14 Input 1dB Compression Point (IP1dB) at 2450 MHz.......................................................................... 15 Output Third Order Intercept Point (OIP3) at 2450 MHz.................................................................... 15 Stability k Factor of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD ................................................ 16 Stability Mu Factors of of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD....................................... 16 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (overview) <M130124> ............................................................... 17 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (detailed view) ............................................................................. 17 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 18 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Summary of Measurement Results (at room temperature) ................................................................. 9 Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 10 Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 4 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 About Wi-Fi® /Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a registered trademark made of the Wi-Fi Alliance created to certify devices for wireless LAN (WLAN) applications based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The Wi-Fi function is one of the most important connectivity functions in notebooks, smart phones and tablet PCs. The WLAN standard has evolved over the years from its legacy systems known as 802.11-1997, through 802.11a, b, g, and n, to the newest 802.11ac. Today the trend is rapidly changing where Wi-Fi is not only used for high data rate access to internet but also for content consumption such as streaming music and High Definition video on TVs, smart phones, tablets, game consoles etc. In the 2.4 GHz frequeny band, the 802.11b/g/n wireless LAN devices suffer from interference from other devices operating in this ISM band, such as wireless keyboards or Bluetooth devices. In order to ensure the quality of the link path, major performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal capability and interference immunity. A general application diagram of 2.4 GHz wireless LAN system is shown in Error! Reference source not found.. WLAN: 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WiMAX: 2.3 – 2.7 GHz BPF SPDT Switch LNA Power Detector WLAN/ WiMAX Transceiver IC ESD Diode BPF Figure 1 PA General block diagram 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11b/g/n) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) Front-End Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 5 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Introduction In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and because of the insertion loss of the SPDT switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approximately 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain LNA. This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection for WLAN. Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 6 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications BFP840ESD Overview 2 BFP840ESD Overview 2.1 Features • Robust very low noise amplifier based on Infineon´s reliable, high volume SiGe:C technology • Unique combination of high end RF performance and robustness: 20 dBm maximum RF input power, 1.5 kV HBM ESD hardness • Very high transition frequency fT = 80 GHz enables very low noise figure at high frequencies: NFmin = 0.85 dB at 5.5 GHz, 1.8 V, 6 mA • High gain |S21|2 = 18.5 dB at 5.5 GHz, 1.8 V, 10 mA • OIP3 = 23 dBm at 5.5 GHz, 1.5 V, 6 mA Figure 2 BFP840ESD in SOT343 • Ideal for low voltage applications e.g. VCC = 1.2 V and 1.8 V (2.85 V, 3.3 V, 3.6 V requires corresponding collector resistor) • Low power consumption, ideal for mobile applications • Easy to use Pb free (RoHS compliant) and halogen free industry standard package with visible leads • Qualification report according to AEC-Q101 available 2.2 Key Applications of BFP840ESD As Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in • Mobile and fixed connectivity applications: WLAN 802.11, WiMAX and UWB • Satellite communication systems: satellite radio (SDARs, DAB), navigation systems and C-band LNB (1st and 2nd stage LNA) • Ku-band LNB front-end (2nd stage or 3rd stage LNA and active mixer) • Ka-band oscillators (DROs) Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 7 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications BFP840ESD as LNA for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz Wireless LAN Applications 3 BFP840ESD as LNA for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz Wireless LAN Applications 3.1 Description BFP840ESD is a low noise SiGe:C HBT transistor. It provides inherently good input and output power match as well as noise match. Without lossy external matching components at the input leads to a low external parts count, to a very good noise figure and to a very high transducer gain in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz WLAN application. Integrated protection elements at in- and output make the device robust against ESD and excessive RF input power. The device offers its high performance at low current and voltage and is especially well-suited for portable battery powered applications. The BFP840ESD is housed in the SOT343 package with visible leads; other variants of this family are also available in flat-lead TSFP-4 package (BFP840FESD), and leadless TSLP-3 package (BFR840L3RHESD). Figure 3 shows the pin assignment of package of BFP840ESD in the top view: B 1 4 E XYs E 2 3 C BFPXXX Figure 3 Package and pin connections of BFP840ESD in Topview This application note presents the results of Low Noise Amplifer for the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz Wireless LAN application using BFP840ESD. It achieves a Noise Figure level of approx. 1.1 dB, and the Gain ranges from 19.0 dB to 18.6 dB over this frequency band. The circuit achieves an Input Return Loss of approx. 12.0 dB and Output Return Loss of approx. 16.0 dB. The circuit requires ten passive 0402 SMD components, and it is unconditionally stable from 10 MHz to 15 GHz. At 2450 MHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the Output Third Order Intercept Point (OIP3) reaches +13.2 dBm. Besides, we obtain Input 1 dB Compression Point (IP1dB) of -15.3 dBm at 2450 MHz. Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 8 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Application Circuit and Performance Overview 4 Application Circuit and Performance Overview Device: BFP840ESD Application: LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications PCB Marking: M130124 (0.4mmx2) BFP840ESD 4.1 Performance Overview Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results (at room temperature) Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage VCC 3.0 V DC Current ICC 13.2 mA Frequency Range Freq 2400 2500 MHz Gain G 19.0 18.6 dB Noise Figure NF 1.14 1.12 dB Input Return Loss RLin 13.9 12.9 dB Output Return Loss RLout 17.6 16.1 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 32.9 32.7 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -15.3 dBm f=2450MHz Output P1dB OP1dB +2.5 dBm f=2450MHz dBm Power @ Input: -30 dBm each tone Input IP3 IIP3 -5.6 Note/Test Condition SMA and PCB losses 0.09 dB are subtracted f1=2450MHz, f2=2451MHz Output IP3 OIP3 + 13.2 dBm Power @ Input: -30 dBm each tone f1=2450MHz, f2=2451MHz Stability k Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 -- >1 9 / 20 Stability measured from 10 MHz to 15 GHz 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Application Circuit and Performance Overview 4.2 Schematics and Bill-of-Materials All passives are “0402“ case size Inductors: LQG Series Capacitors: various Vcc= 3.0 V J3 DC Connector I = 13.0 mA C3 39 pF R1 10 W R2 30 kW C4 39 pF R0 0W L1 2.0 nH R3 82 W J1 RF Port1 INPUT C1 2.2 pF Q1: BFP840ESD L2 2.4 nH R4 10 W C2 8.2 pF J2 RF Port2 OUTPUT Emitter Degeneration Micro Stripline, 0.4mm length PCB = M130124 PCB Board Material = Standard FR4 Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm Figure 4 Table 2 External Part Count = 10 Inductors = 2 Resistors = 4 Capacitors = 4 Schematic of the BFP840ESD Application Circuit Bill-of-Materials Symbol Value Unit Size C1 2.2 pF 0402 Various Input matching and RF blocking C2 8.2 pF 0402 Various Output matching C3 39 pF 0402 Various C4 39 pF 0402 Various R0 0 Ω 0402 Various RF decoupling / DC blocking capacitor RF decoupling / DC blocking capacitor Jumper R1 10 Ω 0402 Various DC biasing R2 30 kΩ 0402 Various DC biasing R3 82 Ω 0402 Various DC biasing R4 10 Ω 0402 Various L1 2.0 nH 0402 Murata LQG15A Input matching L2 2.4 nH 0402 Murata LQG15A Output matching and RF blocking SOT343 Infineon BFP840ESD SiGe:C Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor Q1 Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 Manufacturer 10 / 20 Comment Output matching and gain adjustment 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Measurement Graphs 5 Measurement Graphs Insertion Power Gain 25 20 15 2400 MHz 19.0 dB 10 2500 MHz 18.6 dB 5 0 2000 Figure 5 2200 2400 2600 Frequency (MHz) 2800 3000 Narrowband Insertion Gain of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Insertion Power Gain WideBand 25 2400 MHz 19.0 dB 20 2500 MHz 18.6 dB 15 10 5 0 0 Figure 6 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 8000 10000 Wideband Insertion Gain of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 11 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Measurement Graphs Input Matching 0 2400 MHz -13.9 dB -5 2500 MHz -12.9 dB -10 -15 -20 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 7 Input Matching of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Swp Max 3000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Input Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0 0.4 2500 MHz r 1.26468 x -0.447597 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 8 10.0 -10.0 0.2 0.2 2400 MHz r 1.3985 x -0.291059 Swp Min 2000MHz Input Matching (Smith Chart, Port Deembedded) Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 12 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Measurement Graphs Reverse Isolation -20 -40 -60 2500 MHz -32.7 dB 2400 MHz -32.9 dB -80 -100 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 9 Reverse Isolation of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Output Matching 0 -5 2400 MHz -17.6 dB -10 2500 MHz -16.1 dB -15 -20 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 10 Output Matching of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 13 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Measurement Graphs Swp Max 3000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Output Matching Smith 2500 MHz r 0.943628 x 0.310919 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 0. 4 0.2 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1.0 10.0 2400 MHz r 0.902729 x 0.252262 -10.0 2 -0. 4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 Figure 11 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 2000MHz Output Matching (Smith Chart, Port Deembedded) Noise Figure 1.5 1 NF(dB) 2400 MHz 1.14 2500 MHz 1.12 0.5 0 2400 Figure 12 2420 2440 2460 Frequency (MHz) 2480 2500 Noise Figure of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 14 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Measurement Graphs Input 1 dB Compression Point at 2450 MHz 25 -25.0 dBm 18.8 Gain (dB) 20 -15.3 dBm 17.8 15 10 5 0 -25 Figure 13 -20 -15 -10 Power_In (dBm) (dBm) -5 0 Input 1dB Compression Point (IP1dB) at 2450 MHz Output 3rd Order Intercept Point 2450 MHz 0 Power (dBm) -20 2450 MHz -11.1 2452 MHz -59.6 -40 -60 -80 -100 2448 Figure 14 2449 2450 2451 Frequency (MHz) 2452 2453 Output Third Order Intercept Point (OIP3) at 2450 MHz Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 15 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Measurement Graphs Stability k Factor 4 8800 MHz 1.368 3 2 1 0 0 5000 10000 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 15 Stability k Factor of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Stability Mu Factor 2 1.5 1 0.5 MU1() MU2() 0 0 5000 10000 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 16 Stability Mu Factors of of the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840ESD Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 16 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Evaluation Board 6 Evaluation Board In this application note, the following PCB is used: PCB Marking: M130124 (0.4mmx2) BFP840ESD PCB material: <FR4> r of PCB material: <4.3> Figure 17 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (overview) <M130124> Figure 18 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (detailed view) Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 17 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Layout Information 7 Layout Information Vias FR4 Core, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 19 FR4 Prepreg, 0.8mm PCB Layer Information Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 18 / 20 2014-01-15 BFP840ESD LNA for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Authors 8 Authors Xiang Li, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Jie Fang, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” 9 Remark The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®. Application Note AN309, Rev. 1.0 19 / 20 2014-01-15 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN309