Ap pl ica t io n N o te, Re v. 1 . 2, F e br ua ry 2 00 8 A p p li c a t i o n N o t e N o . 1 5 4 E S D - H a r d e n e d B F P 4 6 0 R F T r a n s i s t or i n a L o w C o s t 4 3 4 M H z L N A + B a n dp a s s F i lt e r A p p l i c a ti o n R F & P r o t e c ti o n D e v i c e s Edition 2008-02-26 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 München, Germany © Infineon Technologies AG 2009. All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. Application Note No. 154 Application Note No. 154 Revision History: 2008-02-26, Rev. 1.2 Previous Version: 2006-12-14, Rev. 1.1 Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) All Small changes in figure descriptions Application Note 3 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass 1 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Filter Application Applications LNA + Filter for Set Top Box (STB) to improve sensitivity / range of wireless remote-control. Overview The ESD-Hardened BFP460 Transistor with 1500 V Human Body Model ESD rating is shown in a low-cost, broadband LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter circuit. The LNA is unconditionally stable from 5 MHz to 8 GHz, and is optimized for wide bandwidth, ease-of-use & low cost – only resistors & capacitors used – no coils needed for the LNA. The optional bandpass filter is a “top C coupled” configuration using 5 capacitors and 2 inductors. The filter may be bypassed and each block (LNA and filter) may be tested separately. The LNA block is usable from under 200 MHz to over 1 GHz inclusive. Target Specification, 434 MHz Gain 15 dB min.; NF < 2 dB; OP1dB +5 dBm min.; I = 10 mA max. Summary of Results T = 25 °C, network analyzer power ~ -30 dBm, VS = 5.0 V, VCE = 3.1 V, I =9.7 mA. Table 1 LNA Only Freq. MHz dB [s11]² dB [s21]² DB [s12]² DB [s22]² NF* IIP3 OIP3 dB dBm dBm dBm dBm 105 20.5 19.7 24.9 13.5 --- --- --- --- --- FM broadcast 315 16.9 19.1 24.6 14.4 1.4 --- --- --- --- RKE frequency 434 15.0 18.6 24.3 14.9 1.4 -7.6 +11.0 -17.0 +0.6 Desired fC 800 12.0 18.6 23.2 16.1 1.5 --- --- --- --- Cellular band IP1dB OP1dB Comments Table 2 IP1dB OP1dB Comments Bandpass Filter Only Freq. MHz dB [s11]² dB [s21]² dB [s12]² dB [s22]² NF* IIP3 dB dBm OIP3 dBm dBm dBm 105 0.1 -82.0 --- 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- FM broadcast 315 0.1 -26.2 --- 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- RKE frequency 434 13.0 -2.4 --- 14.0 --- --- --- --- --- Desired fC 800 0.1 -25.9 --- 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- Cellular band OIP3 IP1dB OP1dB Comments dBm dBm dBm Table 3 Freq. MHz Cascade of LNA + Bandpass Filter dB [s11]² dB [s21]² dB [s12]² dB [s22]² NF* IIP3 dB dBm 105 5.9 -62.1 88.0 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- FM broadcast 315 7.7 -7.3 50.9 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- RKE frequency 434 11.5 15.7 27.1 11.9 1.4 --- --- --- --- Desired fC 800 13.0 -9.0 48.8 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- Cellular band * Note that PCB loss is not extracted. If PCB loss were extracted, NF would be approximately 0.2 dB lower. Application Note 4 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Block Diagram 7RWHVW/1$DORQH 7RWHVWEDQGSDVVILOWHUDORQH 7RWHVWFDVFDGHRI/1$)LOWHU ,QSXWDW-RXWSXWDW- ,QDW-RXWDW- ,QDW-RXWDW- - - %DQGSDVV)LOWHU %)3/1$ I 0+] 7RS&&RXSOHG&KHE\VKHY LQGXFWRUVFDSDFLWRUV *DLQ G%#0+] 1) G%#0+] 9 && 9,& P$ ,QVHUWLRQ/RVV#0+] G% )LOWHUPD\EHUHWXQHGIRU0+] - $1BEORFNBGLDJUDPYVG Figure 1 Block Diagram of Cascade Cross Sectional Diagram of PC Board 723/$<(5 LQFKPP ,17(51$/*5281'3/$1( LQFKPP" /$<(5)250(&+$1,&$/5,*,',7<2)3&%7+,&.1(66+(5(127&5,7,&$/$6 /21*$6727$/3&%7+,&.1(66'2(6127(;&((',1&+PP 63(&,),&$7,21)25727$/3&%7+,&.1(66,1&+ PPPP %27720/$<(5 $1B3&%YVG Figure 2 PCB - Cross Sectional Diagram Application Note 5 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Schematic Diagram 9 FF 9 1RWHV - '&&RQQHFWRU %ODFNUHFWDQJOHVDUHRKPPLFURVWULSWUDFNV127PDWFKLQJHOHPHQWV &VHUYHVWZRSXUSRVHV'&EORFNDQGRU%DQGSDVV)LOWHUHOHPHQW , P$ ZKHQWHVWLQJ/1$DORQH&LVD'&EORFNDQGVZLQJ&S)GRZQ FORFNZLVHDWDGHJUHHDQJOHIURP/1$RXWSXWWRPDNH-WKH5)RXWSXW -LV5)FRQQHFWRUDW³ERWWRP´RI3&ERDUG 5 & X) RKPV :KHQ%DQGSDVVILOWHUDORQHLVWREHWHVWHG&FKDQJHVWRS)DQG& EULGJHVJDSEHWZHHQWUDFHIURP-DQGWUDFNIRUILOWHUWRULJKWXSDW GHJUHHDQJOH 5 . & S) 5 RKPV & S) :KHQFDVDFDGHRI/1$)LOWHULVWREHWHVWHG& S)EXW&LV SODFHGVWUDLJKWDFURVVIURP/1$RXWSXWWRLQSXWRIILOWHUVHFWLRQ 5 RKPV - RKPWUDFH & S) RKPWUDFH & S) - 5)287387 5),1387 RKPWUDFH & S) 4 %)3(+57 7UDQVLVWRU & S)S) / Q+ & S) / Q+ & S) %)3:LGHEDQG)HHGEDFN/1$ Figure 3 - 5),1387 287387 HF DUW PKR 3&% 5HY% 3&%RDUG0DWHULDO 6WDQGDUG)5 0+]7RS&&RXSOHG %DQGSDVV)LOWHU2SWLRQDO $1B6FKHPDWLFYVG Schematic Diagram Application Note 6 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Scanned Image of PC Board Figure 4 Image of PC Board Application Note 7 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Scanned Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot. Figure 5 Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot Application Note 8 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Noise Figure, Plot, 225 to 945 MHz, LNA alone. Center of Plot (x-axis) is 585 MHz. Figure 6 Noise Figure, LNA alone Application Note 9 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Noise Figure, Tabular Data, LNA alone From Rohde & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30 + System PreAmp Table 4 Noise Figure, LNA alone Frequency Noise Figure 225 MHz 1.38 dB 255 MHz 1.40 dB 285 MHz 1.39 dB 315 MHz 1.41 dB 345 MHz 1.42 dB 375 MHz 1.42 dB 405 MHz 1.41 dB 435 MHz 1.41 dB 465 MHz 1.43 dB 495 MHz 1.43 dB 525 MHz 1.44 dB 555 MHz 1.47 dB 585 MHz 1.47 dB 615 MHz 1.46 dB 645 MHz 1.48 dB 675 MHz 1.49 dB 705 MHz 1.51 dB 735 MHz 1.47 dB 765 MHz 1.48 dB 795 MHz 1.51 dB 825 MHz 1.51 dB 855 MHz 1.53 dB 885 MHz 1.56 dB 915 MHz 1.57 dB 945 MHz 1.55 dB Application Note 10 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Gain Compression, LNA alone, at 434 MHz, VS = 5.0 V, VCE = 3.1 V, I = 9.7 mA, T = 25 °C Amplifier is checked for 1 dB compression point. An Agilent power meter was used to ensure accurate power levels are measured (as opposed to using Vector Network Analyzer in "Power Sweep" mode). Output P1dB ≅ +17.0 dBm; Input P1dB ≅ +17.0 dBm + (Gain - 1 dB) = +17.0 dBm + 17.6 dB = +0.6 dBm Note gain compression performance can be improved by using an inductor as an RF Choke, in place of resistor R3. But resistor was used as a low-cost Choke to reduce cost. Table 5 Gain Compression of LNA alone PIN, dBm Gain, dB -26.0 18.6 -25.0 18.6 -24.0 18.5 -23.0 18.4 -22.0 18.3 -21.0 18.2 -20.0 18.1 -19.0 18.0 -18.0 17.8 -17.0 17.6 -16.0 17.3 -15.0 16.9 G% *DLQ 3LQ G%P Figure 7 $1BSORWBJDLQBFRPSB/1$YVG Plot of Gain Compression, LNA alone Application Note 11 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Stability. LNA alone Rohde and Schwarz ZVC Network Analyzer calculates and plots Stability Factor K in real time, from 5 MHz to 8 GHz. Note K>1 over entire range ⇒ showing unconditional stability. &+ . 8 /,1 5H 8 5() 8 8 + ] 0+] * *+] 8 0+] 8 0+] /1$21/< 8 * + ] &$, 2)6 8 &3/ 8 ),/ N 602 8 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& *+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBVWDELOLW\B.B/1$YVG Figure 8 Plot of K(f) for LNA alone Application Note 12 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Third Order Intercept Point, LNA alone Input Stimulus: f1 = 433 MHz, f2 = 434 MHz, -29 dBm each tone. Input IP3 = -29 + (42.9 / 2) = -7.6 dBm Output IP3 = -7.6 dBm + 18.6 dB gain = +11.0 dBm /1$21/< $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHB/1$YVG Figure 9 Plot of Tow-Tone Test, LNA alone Application Note 13 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Input Return Loss, Log Mag, LNA alone 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep Note wideband design &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$21/< G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVB/1$YVG Figure 10 Plot of Input Return Loss, LNA alone Application Note 14 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, LNA alone Reference Plane = Input SMA Connector on PC Board 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep Note wideband design &+ 6 8 M /1$21/< 0+] M 0+] M 0+] M 0+] &$, 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 602 67$57 0+] 'DWH '(& 6723 *+] $1BVPLWKBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVB/1$YVG Figure 11 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, LNA alone Application Note 15 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Forward Gain, LNA alone 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% 0$* G% 5() G% G% *0++]] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$21/< G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67$57 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBIZBJDLQB/1$YVG Figure 12 Plot of Forward Gain, LNA alone Application Note 16 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Reverse Isolation, LNA alone 25 MHz - 3 GHz &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$21/< G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBUHYHUVHBLVRODWLRQB/1$YVG Figure 13 Plot of Reverse Isolation, LNA alone Application Note 17 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Output Return Loss, Log Mag, LNA alone 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep Note wideband design &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$21/< G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVB/1$YVG Figure 14 Plot of Output Return Loss, LNA alone Application Note 18 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, LNA alone Reference Plane = Input SMA Connector on PC Board 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep Note wideband design &+ 6 8 M 0+] /1$21/< M 0+] M 0+] M 0+] &$, 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 602 67$57 0+] 'DWH '(& 6723 *+] $1BVPLWKBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVB/1$YVG Figure 15 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, LNA alone Application Note 19 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Input Return Loss, Log Mag, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter only 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] ),/7(521/< G% 0+] G% &$, 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVB%3)YVG Figure 16 Plot of Input Return Loss, BPF alone Application Note 20 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Insertion Loss, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter only 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep Note rejection in FM broadcast band & cellular band &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% 0+] G% G% G% 0+] G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N ),/7(521/< 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBLQVHUWLRQBORVVB%3)YVG Figure 17 Plot of Insertion Loss, BPF alone Application Note 21 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Output Return Loss, Log Mag, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter only 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] GG %% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N ),/7(521/< 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVB%3)YVG Figure 18 Plot of Output Return Loss, BPF alone Application Note 22 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Noise Figure, Plot, 384 to 484 MHz, LNA + 434 MHz Filter. Center of Plot (x-axis) is 434 MHz. Figure 19 Noise Figure, LNA + BPF Application Note 23 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Noise Figure, Tabular Data, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter From Rohde & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30 + System PreAmp (Miteq SMC-02) Table 6 Noise Figure, Cascade Frequency Noise Figure 384 MHz 1.41 dB 389 MHz 1.42 dB 394 MHz 1.38 dB 399 MHz 1.40 dB 404 MHz 1.37 dB 409 MHz 1.38 dB 414 MHz 1.39 dB 419 MHz 1.42 dB 424 MHz 1.39 dB 429 MHz 1.40 dB 434 MHz 1.40 dB 439 MHz 1.38 dB 444 MHz 1.41 dB 449 MHz 1.41 dB 454 MHz 1.44 dB 459 MHz 1.43 dB 464 MHz 1.49 dB 469 MHz 1.53 dB 474 MHz 1.53 dB 479 MHz 1.56 dB 484 MHz 1.61 dB Application Note 24 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Input Return Loss, Log Mag, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$),/7(5 G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBFDVFDGHYVG Figure 20 Plot of Input Return Loss, Cascade Application Note 25 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter Reference Plane = Input SMA Connector on PC Board 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 8 M P 0+] /1$),/7(5 M 0+] M 0+] M 0+] &$, 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 602 67$57 0+] 'DWH '(& 6723 *+] $1BVPLWKBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBFDVFDGHYVG Figure 21 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Cascade Application Note 26 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Forward Gain, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] G% 0+] G% &$, 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N /1$),/7(5 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBIZBJDLQBFDVFDGHYVG Figure 22 Plot of Forward Gain, Cascade Application Note 27 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Reverse Isolation, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter 25 MHz - 3 GHz &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$),/7(5 G% 0+] G% &$, G% 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBUHYHUVHBLVRODWLRQBFDVFDGHYVG Figure 23 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Cascade Application Note 28 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Output Return Loss, Log Mag, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% 0 $ * G% 5() G% G% *0+] +] G% G% 0+] G% 0+] /1$),/7(5 G% 0+] &$, 2)6 G% G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67 $ 5 7 0+] 'DWH '(& 0+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBFDVFDGHYVG Figure 24 Plot of Output Return Loss, Cascade Application Note 29 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26 Application Note No. 154 ESD-Hardened BFP460 RF Transistor in a Low Cost 434 MHz LNA + Bandpass Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter Reference Plane = Input SMA Connector on PC Board 25 MHz - 3 GHz Sweep &+ 6 8 M 0+] /1$),/7(5 P M 0+] M 0+] P M 0+] &$, 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 67$57 0+] 'DWH '(& 602 6723 *+] $1BVPLWKBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBFDVFDGHYVG Figure 25 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Cascade Application Note 30 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-26