A pp li c at io n N o t e, R e v . 1. 2 , N ov e m be r 2 00 7
A p p li c a t i o n N o t e N o . 1 2 7
1 . 8 V U l t r a L o w C o s t LN A f or G P S , P H S , U M T S
a n d 2 .4 G H z I S M u s i n g B F P 6 40 F
R F & P r o t e c ti o n D e v i c e s
Edition 2007-11-28
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 München, Germany
© Infineon Technologies AG 2009.
All Rights Reserved.
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THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY
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INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY
ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY
DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY
THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest
Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
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Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in
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Application Note No. 127
Application Note No. 127
Revision History: 2007-11-28, Rev. 1.2
Previous Version: 2005-05-04, Rev. 1.1
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
All
Small changes in figure descriptions
Application Note
3
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
1
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM
using BFP640F
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
Global Positioning System (GPS) “L1” frequency 1575.42 MHz
1900 MHz PHS
2.1 GHz UMTS
2.33 GHz Satellite Radio “SDARS”
2.4 GHz ISM Band, etc.
Overview
•
•
Silicon-Germanium HBT BFP640F transistor in TSFP-4 package is shown in modified LNA circuit suitable for
1575 MHz GPS, 1900 MHz PHS & 2.4 GHz ISM band applications, operating from a 1.8 V power supply. This
circuit reduces external component count to the absolute minimum. Some performance is sacrificed to achieve
reduced component count, e.g. third-order intercept performance.
To maintain input impedance match with reduced component count, "trick" was employed: DC blocking
capacitor at input (C1) had value increased such that it is used above "self-resonant frequency" (SRF). Doing
so makes capacitor show slight net inductive reactance +jX above UHF, rather than capacitor appearing as a
straight "short" or a capacitive reactance (-jX). Chip capacitors can be modeled as a series R-L-C with
capacitor's self-inductance being on the order of 0.5 nH. By using chip's self-inductance, one can tailor
reactance of chip capacitor by selecting the appropriate value of capacitance, and the R-L-C combination can
be made to have resonance above frequency of interest (normal case) or below frequency of interest (done
here in this "Trick").
Features
•
•
No Chip Inductors / Chip Coils used in this circuit
Circuit uses only 3 Capacitors, 3 Resistors for low Component Count and Low Cost
Table 1
Summary
Frequency
MHz
Gain
dB
Noise Figure (NF)*
dB
IIP3
1575
15.2
0.9
-3.4
1900
13.8
1.0
-1.9
2140
13.0
1.0
-2.7
2450
12.0
1.1
0.0
dBm
* Note that PCB loss is not extracted. If PCB loss were extracted, NF would be 0.1 to 0.2 dB lower.
Application Note
4
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Cross Sectional Diagram of PC Board
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Figure 1
PCB - Cross Sectional Diagram
Schematic Diagram, with reduced Parts Count
Note “0402” case size passives are used.
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Figure 2
Schematic Diagram
Application Note
5
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Summary of Data
T = 25 °C, network analyzer source power ≈ -30 dBm
Table 2
Summary of Data
Parameter
Result
Comments
Frequency Range
1.5 - >3 GHz
Covers GPD, PHS, UMTS, SDARS,
ISM
DC Current
(VCC = 1.8 V, VCE = 0.8 V)
7.9 mA
Power supply voltage measured
directly across PCB supply line &
ground, to eliminate voltage drop.
Gain
15.2 dB @ 1575 MHz
13.8 dB @ 1900 MHz
13.0 dB @ 2140 MHz
12.0 dB @ 2440 MHz
Noise Figure
0.9 dB @ 1575 MHz
1.0 dB @ 1900 MHz
1.0 dB @ 2140 MHz
1.1 dB @ 2440 MHz
Input P1dB
-0.1 dBm @ 1575 MHz
-0.2 dBm @ 2440 MH
Output P1dB
-0.1 dBm @ 1575 MHz
+0.2 dBm @ 2440 MH
Input 3rd Order Intercept
-3.4 dB @ 1575 MHz
-1.9 dB @ 1900 MHz
-2.7 dB @ 2140 MHz
0.0 dB @ 2440 MHz
Output 3rd Order Intercept
+11.8 dB @ 1575 MHz
+11.9 dB @ 1900 MHz
+10.3 dB @ 2140 MHz
+12.0 dB @ 2440 MHz
Input Return Loss
9.4 dB @ 1575 MHz
10.5 dB @ 1900 MHz
11.1 dB @ 2140 MHz
11.9 dB @ 2440 MHz
Output Return Loss
9.3 dB @ 1575 MHz
10.3 dB @ 1900 MHz
10.9 dB @ 2140 MHz
11.7 dB @ 2440 MHz
Reverse Isolation
24.6 dB @ 1575 MHz
23.1 dB @ 1900 MHz
22.2 dB @ 2140 MHz
21.2 dB @ 2440 MHz
Application Note
6
< 1 dB NF at GPS band
PCB loss not extracted, these results
are at input SMA connector
IP3 could be improved 6 to 10 dB by
adding in LF “Trap” at Input, add in 1
inductor, 1 capacitor
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Details on TSFP-4 Package (“Thin Small Flat Pack.”). Dimensions in millimeters (mm).
0.2 ±0.05
3
1
1.2 ±0.05
0.2 ±0.05
4
0.55 ±0.04
2
0.2 ±0.05
10˚ MAX.
0.8 ±0.05
1.4 ±0.05
0.15 ±0.05
0.5 ±0.05
0.5 ±0.05
Figure 3
GPX01010
Package Details of TSFP-4
Recommended Soldering Footprint for TSFP-4 (dimensions in millimeters).
Device package is to be oriented as shown in above drawing (e.g. orient long package dimension horizontally on
this footprint).
0.9
0.45
0.35
0.5
0.5
HLGF1011
Figure 4
Package Footprint of TSFP-4
Application Note
7
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Noise Figure, Plot, 1.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz. Center of Plot (x-axis) is 2.25 GHz.
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Figure 5
Noise Figure
Application Note
8
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Noise Figure, Tabular Data
From Rhode & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30 + System PreAmp
Table 3
Noise Figure
Frequency
Noise Figure
1500 MHz
0.91 dB
1525 MHz
0.88 dB
1550 MHz
0.90 dB
1575 MHz
0.91 dB
1600 MHz
0.89 dB
1625 MHz
0.89 dB
1650 MHz
0.90 dB
1675 MHz
0.88 dB
1700 MHz
0.90 dB
1725 MHz
0.91 dB
1750 MHz
0.97 dB
1775 MHz
0.96 dB
1800 MHz
0.97 dB
1825 MHz
0.96 dB
1850 MHz
0.98 dB
1875 MHz
0.99 dB
1900 MHz
0.99 dB
1925 MHz
1.02 dB
1950 MHz
1.03 dB
1975 MHz
1.04 dB
2000 MHz
1.05 dB
2025 MHz
1.02 dB
2050 MHz
1.04 dB
2075 MHz
1.04 dB
2100 MHz
1.04 dB
2125 MHz
1.03 dB
2150 MHz
1.05 dB
2175 MHz
1.03 dB
2200 MHz
1.03 dB
2225 MHz
1.08 dB
2250 MHz
1.06 dB
2275 MHz
1.06 dB
2300 MHz
1.07 dB
2325 MHz
1.04 dB
2350 MHz
1.05 dB
2375 MHz
1.06 dB
2400 MHz
1.04 dB
2425 MHz
1.05 dB
Application Note
9
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Table 3
Noise Figure (cont’d)
Frequency
Noise Figure
2450 MHz
1.08 dB
2475 MHz
1.09 dB
2500 MHz
1.05 dB
2525 MHz
1.10 dB
2550 MHz
1.07 dB
2575 MHz
1.07 dB
2600 MHz
1.07 dB
2625 MHz
1.07 dB
2650 MHz
1.12 dB
2675 MHz
1.09 dB
2700 MHz
1.09 dB
2725 MHz
1.08 dB
2750 MHz
1.08 dB
2775 MHz
1.09 dB
2800 MHz
1.11 dB
2825 MHz
1.12 dB
2850 MHz
1.12 dB
2875 MHz
1.12 dB
2900 MHz
1.09 dB
2925 MHz
1.09 dB
2950 MHz
1.11 dB
2975 MHz
1.11 dB
3000 MHz
1.10 dB
Application Note
10
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Scanned Image of PC Board
Figure 6
Image of PC Board
Application Note
11
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Scanned Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot
Total PCB area used ≅ 35 mm²
Figure 7
Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot
Application Note
12
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Stability
Rohde and Schwarz ZVC Network Analyzer calculates and plots Stability Factor "K" in real time, from 5 MHz to
8 GHz. Note K>1 from 870 MHz to 8 GHz; however K<1 in VHF - UHF range (e.g. 100 - 800 MHz). Further work
needed to bring K>1 here. May need to add 1 - 2 components to achieve this.
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Plot of K(f)
Application Note
13
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Gain Compression at 1575 MHz and 2440 MHz
Amplifier is checked for 1 dB compression point at VCC = 1.8 V, IC = 7.9 mA (with VCE = 0.8 V). An Agilent power
meter was used to ensure accurate power levels are measured (as opposed to using Vector Network Analyzer in
"Power Sweep" mode).
1575 MHz (GPS)
Input P1dB ≅ -14.3 dBm
Output P1dB ≅ -14.3 dBm + (Gain - 1 dB) = -14.3 dBm + (15.2 - 1) dB = -0.1 dBm
Table 4
Gain Compression at 1575 MHz
Pin, dBm
Pout, dBm
-20.0
Gain
-4.8
15.2
-19.0
-3.8
15.2
-18.0
-3.0
15.0
-17.0
-2.1
14.9
-16.0
-1.3
14.7
-15.0
-0.6
14.4
-14.0
0.0
14.0
-13.0
+0.5
13.5
-12.0
+1.0
13.0
-11.0
+1.4
12.4
-10.0
+1.8
11.8
2440 MHz (2.4 GHz ISM Band)
Input P1dB ≅ -10.8 dBm
Output P1dB ≅ -10.8 dBm + (Gain - 1 dB) = -10.8 dBm + (12.0 - 1) dB = +0.2 dBm
Table 5
Gain Compression at 2440 MHz
Pin, dBm
Pout, dBm
Gain
-20.0
-8.0
12.0
-19.0
-7.0
12.0
-18.0
-6.1
11.9
-17.0
-5.2
11.8
-16.0
-4.2
11.8
-15.0
-3.2
11.8
-14.0
-2.3
11.7
-13.0
-1.4
11.6
-12.0
-0.6
11.4
-11.0
+0.1
11.1
-10.0
+0.8
10.8
Application Note
14
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
PLEASE NOTE - all plots are taken from Rohde And Schwarz ZVC Network Analyzer, with T = 25 °C,
source power ≈ -30 dBm.
Input Return Loss, Log Mag
5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep
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Plot of Input Return Loss
Application Note
15
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Input Return Loss, Smith Chart
Reference Plane = Input SMA Connector on PC Board
5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep
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Smith Chart of Input Return Loss
Application Note
16
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Forward Gain
5 MHz to8 GHz Sweep
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Plot of Forward Gain
Application Note
17
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Reverse Isolation
5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep
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Plot of Reverse Isolation
Application Note
18
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Output Return Loss, Log Mag
5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep
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Plot of Output Return Loss
Application Note
19
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Output Return Loss, Smith Chart
Reference Plane = Output SMA Connector on PC Board
5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep
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Smith Chart of Output Return Loss
Application Note
20
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, GPS (1575 MHz)
Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test.
f1 = 1574 MHz, f2 = 1575 MHz, -25 dBm each tone.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB0+]YVG
Figure 15
Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 1575 MHz
Application Note
21
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, GPS (1575 MHz)
LNA Response to Two-Tone Test.
Input IP3 = -25 + (43.3 / 2) = -3.4 dBm.
Output IP3 = -3.4 dBm + 15.2 dB gain = +11.9 dBm.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB0+]YVG
Figure 16
Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 1575 MHz
Application Note
22
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, PHS (1900 MHz)
Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test.
f1 = 1900 MHz, f2 = 1901 MHz, -25 dBm each tone.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB0+]YVG
Figure 17
Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 1900 MHz
Application Note
23
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, PHS (1900 MHz)
LNA Response to Two-Tone Test.
Input IP3 = -25 + (46.2 / 2) = -1.9 dBm.
Output IP3 = -1.9 dBm + 13.8 dB gain = +11.9 dBm.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB0+]YVG
Figure 18
Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 1900 MHz
Application Note
24
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, UMTS (2.1 GHz Band)
Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test.
f1 = 2140 MHz, f2 = 2141 MHz, -25 dBm each tone.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB*+]YVG
Figure 19
Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 2.1 GHz
Application Note
25
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, UMTS (2.1 GHz Band)
LNA Response to Two-Tone Test.
Input IP3 = -25 + (44.6 / 2) = -2.7 dBm.
Output IP3 = -2.7 dBm + 13.0 dB gain = +10.3 dBm.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB*+]YVG
Figure 20
Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 2.1 GHz
Application Note
26
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, 2.4 GHz IMS Band
Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test.
f1 = 2440 MHz, f2 = 2441 MHz, -25 dBm each tone.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB*+]YVG
Figure 21
Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 2.4 GHz
Application Note
27
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28
Application Note No. 127
1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using
Two-Tone Test, 2.4 GHz ISM Band
LNA Response to Two-Tone Test.
Input IP3 = -25 + (50.0 / 2) = 0.0 dBm.
Output IP3 = 0.0 dBm + 12.0 dB gain = +12.0 dBm.
$1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB*+]YVG
Figure 22
Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 2.4 GHz
Application Note
28
Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28