BF P760 High Lin e arit y Lo w Nois e A m plifier using BF P 760 f or 5 - 6 G Hz W LA N Applic ati o ns wi th 12 dB G ain, 25d B Gai n Step and M ini mu m 2. 4 G Hz Inte rfe ren ce Applic atio n N ote A N 303 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2012-12-18 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2012-12-18 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Application Note AN303 Revision History: 2012-12-18 Previous Revision: No previous revision Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 3 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 1.1 1.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 ® Overview of Wi-Fi Applications ........................................................................................................... 5 Device Overview: BFP760 ................................................................................................................... 6 2 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with BFP760 ................................................................ 7 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Application Circuit and Performance ............................................................................................... 8 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8 Schematics ........................................................................................................................................... 9 4 Measured Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 10 5 Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 17 6 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 19 7 Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 19 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 ® 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) Front-End ............................................. 5 Schematic Diagram of the Application Circuit ...................................................................................... 9 Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................................ 10 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ....................................... 10 Noise Figure of BFP760 LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz ........................................................................... 11 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .............................................................. 11 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .................................................................. 12 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) ............................................ 12 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ............................................................... 13 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) ......................................... 13 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .............................................. 14 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................... 14 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP760 Circuit at 5900 MHz ................................................... 15 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP760 at 5900 MHz ................................................................. 15 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ............................. 16 OFF-Mode Input 1dB Compression Point at 5900 MHz .................................................................... 16 Photo of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ........................................................... 17 Zoom-In Picture of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ........................................... 17 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ................................... 18 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 18 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8 Bill-of-Materials..................................................................................................................................... 9 Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 4 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of Wi-Fi® Applications Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) or well-known as wireless LAN (WLAN) plays a major role in today’s communications by enabling constant connection in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and broadband Internet access for users with laptops or devices equipped with wireless network interface while roaming within the range of fixed access points (AP) or a public hotspot. Different applications like home entertainment with wireless high-quality multimedia signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass data storages and printers implement 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi® into their system to offer high-speed wireless connectivity. When wider coverage areas are needed and especially when a higher order modulation scheme is used such as in emerging very high throughput wireless specifications like 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256QAM) in IEEE 802.11ac, the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) requirements for both the AP and the client are more stringent. For this kind of highspeed high data rate wireless communication standards it is essential to ensure the quality of the link path. Major performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a WLAN system is shown. WLAN/WiMAX: 4.9 – 5.9 GHz BPF LNA SPDT Switch Power Detector BPF PA WLAN/ WiMAX Transceiver IC ESD Diode Figure 1 ® 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) Front-End Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 5 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and because of the insertion loss of the single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain low noise amplifier (LNA). In addition, strong signal environment can exist when the equipment is next to a transmitter. In that case, the LNA must be linear enough, i.e. have high 1dB compression point. This avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure. This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection. 1.2 Device Overview: BFP760 The BFP760 is a high linearity low noise wideband NPN bipolar RF transistor. The device is based on Infineon’s reliable high volume silicon germanium carbon (SiGe:C) heterojunction bipolar technology. The collector design supports voltages up to VCEO = 4.0 V and currents up to IC = 70 mA. With its high linearity at currents as low as 10 mA the device supports energy efficient designs. The typical transit frequency is approximately 45 GHz. The device is housed in an easy to use plastic SOT-343 package with visible leads. Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 6 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with BFP760 2 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with BFP760 This application note presents a high linearity low noise amplifier circuit using BFP760 for 5 – 6 GHz WLAN applications. The circuit features 12 dB gain in on-mode and -13 dB gain in offmode/bypass mode resulting in 25 dB on- to off-mode gain step. An L-C network (L1, C2), as shown in Figure 2, is used simultaneously for input matching and as a 2.4 GHz notch filter to minimize jammer leakage of 2.4 GHz WLAN signal into the 5 GHz WLAN receiver path. The circuit requires only 10 passive components (only 2 low Q coils from LQG series) and is operated at 11 mA. It shows a gain flatness of 0.8 dB over the complete frequency band in both on- and off- mode. The input and output return losses are better than 10 dB over the 5 -6 GHz frequency band. Especially the output return loss is higher than 14.5 dB. The noise figure is extremely low of 1.0 dB (SMA and PCB losses subtracted) over the 5 – 6 GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the circuit is unconditionally stable and immune against RF grounding layout changes. The minimum in-band input 1dB compression point IP1dB is -4 dBm in on-mode (5100 MHz) and 12.5 dBm in off-mode (5900 MHz). When switched off into the so called bypass mode, the transistor can work with input power levels as high as 2.5 dBm, assuming a healthy 10 dB back-off to the compression point. The high out-of-band rejection results in an input P1dB as high as 13 dBm at 2400 MHz. Besides, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the input third order intercept point IIP3 reaches 9.2 dBm. The BFP760 could help you build a high-performance cost-effective solution for your upcoming 5GHz WLAN IEEE802.11a/n/ac designs requiring a narrow gap in gain between on- and off- modes. Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 7 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Application Circuit and Performance 3 Application Circuit and Performance 3.1 Overview Device: BFP760 Application: Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection PCB Marking: BFP760 SOT343 M12101004 3.2 Summary of Measurement Results Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 3.0 V DC Current Icc 11.2 mA Note/Test Condition Frequency Range Freq 2400 5100 5500 5900 MHz Gain (ON-Mode) Gon -13.9 12.1 11.9 11.4 dB Gain (OFF-Mode) Goff -- -13.8 -13.0 -13.1 dB 0V Vcc for off- / bypass- mode Noise Figure NF -- 1.00 1.06 1.05 dB SMA and PCB losses (~0.15 dB) are subtracted RLin -- 10.0 13.0 11.6 dB RLout -- 14.6 17.6 24.2 dB Reverse Isolation IRev -- 18.7 17.7 17.1 dB Input P1dB (ON) IP1dBon 13.0 -4.0 -2.7 -1.2 dBm Output P1dB (ON) OP1dB -1.9 7.1 8.1 9.2 dBm Input P1dB (OFF) IP1dBoff -- 14.5 13.4 12.5 dBm 0V Vcc for off- / bypass- mode Input IP3 IIP3 -- 9.2 dBm Power @ Input: -25 dBm f1= 5900 MHz, f2= 5901 MHz Output IP3 OIP3 -- 20.6 dBm Power @ Input: -25 dBm f1= 5900 MHz, f2= 5901 MHz Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Stability k Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 ≥ 1.0 -- 8 / 20 Stability measured from 10MHz to 15GHz 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection 3.3 Schematics Vcc= 3.0 V J3 DC Connector All passives are “0402“ case size L1 & L2: LQG Series C1 & C2: GJM Series Other Capacitors: various C2 I = 11.2 mA R3 75 Ω R1 36 kΩ 0.7 pF L1 2.4 nH J1 RF Port1 INPUT Q1 BFP760 C1 C5 33 pF R2 27 Ω L2 2.0 nH C4 1.5 pF C3 J2 RF Port2 OUTPUT 1.5 pF 0.7 pF Q1: Vce = 1.85 V A proper RF grounding is required to ensure the LNA performance. Please refer to Chapter 7 for the layout proposal. Total Component Count = 11 Including BFP760 transistor PCB = M12101004 0.4 mm EDG BFP760 PCB Board Material = SOT343 Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm Inductors = 2 (LQG series) Resistors = 3 Capacitors = 5 Figure 2 Table 2 Symbol Schematic Diagram of the Application Circuit Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Size Manufacturer Comment C1 0.7 pF 0402 GJM Series Input DC block & input matching C2 0.7 pF 0402 GJM Series Input matching & 2.4 GHz rejection C3 1.5 pF 0402 Various Output DC block & output matching C4 1.5 pF 0402 Various Output matching C5 33 pF 0402 Various L1 2.4 nH 0402 Murata LQG series RF decoupling / blocking cap Input matching & 2.4 GHz rejection L2 2.0 nH 0402 Murata LQG series Output matching & Collector biasing R1 36 kΩ 0402 Various DC biasing R2 27 Ω 0402 Various Stability improvement R3 75 Ω 0402 Various DC biasing (provides DC negative feedback to stabilize DC operating point over temperature variation, transistor hFE variation, etc.) Infineon Technologies BFP760 SiGe: C Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor Q1 Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 SOT343 9 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs 4 Measured Graphs Insertion Power Gain InBand 13 5100 MHz 12.1 dB 5500 MHz 11.9 dB 5900 MHz 11.4 dB 12 11 10 9 8 4000 Figure 3 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Insertion Power Gain WideBand 15 10 5100 MHz 12.1 dB 5500 MHz 11.9 dB 5 5900 MHz 11.4 dB 0 -5 2400 MHz -13.9 dB -10 -15 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 4 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 10 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Noise Figure 2 NF(dB) 1.5 5500 MHz 1.06 dB 5100 MHz 1 dB 5900 MHz 1.05 dB 1 0.5 0 5100 Figure 5 5300 5500 Frequency (MHz) 5700 5900 Noise Figure of BFP760 LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz Reverse Isolation 0 -10 5100 MHz -18.7 dB 5500 MHz -17.7 dB 5900 MHz -17.1 dB -20 -30 -40 4000 Figure 6 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 11 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Input Matching -2 -4 -6 5100 MHz -10 dB -8 -10 5900 MHz -11.6 dB 5500 MHz -13 dB -12 -14 4000 Figure 7 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Swp Max 7000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Input Matching Smith 5900 MHz r 0.880984 x 0.49845 0. 4 5500 MHz r 0.65972 x 0.151002 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 10.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0 0 4. 5.0 0.6 0.2 5100 MHz r 0.530127 x -0.109176 0 3. -10.0 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 Figure 8 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 3500MHz Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 12 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Output Matching -5 -10 5500 MHz -17.6 dB -15 5100 MHz -14.6 dB -20 5900 MHz -24.2 dB -25 4000 Figure 9 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Swp Max 7000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Output Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 5900 MHz r 0.910365 x 0.0773092 0 4. 5.0 0.2 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0.2 10.0 5500 MHz r 0.813086 x -0.150507 -10.0 2 -0. 5100 MHz r 0.848427 x -0.31415 -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 Figure 10 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 3500MHz Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 13 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Stability k Factor 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 100 5100 10100 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 11 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Stability Mu Factor 2 1.5 1 Mu2 factor 0.5 Mu1 factor 0 100 5100 10100 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 12 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 14 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Input 1dB Compression Point 12 10 -30 dBm 11.37 dB -1.23 dBm 10.37 dB Gain(dB) 8 6 4 2 0 -30 Figure 13 -25 -20 -15 Pin (dBm) -10 -5 0 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP760 Circuit at 5900 MHz Output 3rd Order Intercept Point 0 5901 MHz -13.4 Power (dBm) -20 -40 -60 5899 MHz -81.3 -80 -100 5898.5 Figure 14 5899.5 5900.5 Frequency (MHz) 5901.5 5902.5 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP760 at 5900 MHz Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 15 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs OFF Mode S21 -12 -14 5100 MHz -13.8 dB 5500 MHz -13 dB -16 5900 MHz -13.1 dB -18 -20 -22 4000 Figure 15 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 OFF Mode Input 1dB Compression Point at 5900 MHz -10 Gain(dB) -15 -10 dBm -13.2 dB 12.5 dBm -14.2 dB -20 -25 -30 -10 Figure 16 -5 0 Pin (dBm) 5 10 12.5 OFF-Mode Input 1dB Compression Point at 5900 MHz Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 16 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Evaluation Board and Layout Information 5 Evaluation Board and Layout Information Figure 17 Photo of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Figure 18 Zoom-In Picture of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 17 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Evaluation Board and Layout Information Figure 19 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Vias FR4 Core, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 20 FR4 Prepreg, 0.8mm PCB Layer Information Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 18 / 20 2012-12-18 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Authors 6 Authors Shamsuddin Ahmed, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer/Technical Marketing RF of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” 7 Remark The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®. Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0 19 / 20 2012-12-18 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN303