BF P840 F ES D High Gain Lo w Nois e A m plifie r us in g BF P840 F ES D for 2 .4 - 2.5 G Hz W LA N Applic atio n Applic atio n N ote A N 320 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2013-03-27 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2013-03-27 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Application Note AN320 Revision History: 2013-03-27 Previous Revision: No previous revision Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. 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Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 3 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 ® Wi-Fi ................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 2.1 2.2 BFP840FESD Overview ..................................................................................................................... 7 Features ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Key Applications of BFP840FESD ....................................................................................................... 7 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 High Gain Low Noise Amplifier using BFP840FESD for 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN Application ........ 8 Description ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Performance overview ....................................................................................................................... 10 Schematics ......................................................................................................................................... 11 4 Measured Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 12 5 Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 19 6 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 21 7 Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 21 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 ® 2.4 – 2.5 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11b/g/n) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) FrontEnd ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 BFP840FESD in TSFP-4-1 .................................................................................................................. 7 Package and pin connections of BFP840FESD in Topview ................................................................ 8 Schematic Diagram of the used Circuit .............................................................................................. 11 Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ..................................... 12 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD .................... 12 Noise Figure of BFP840FESD LNA for 2400 - 2500 MHz ................................................................. 13 Reverse Isolation of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ........................................... 13 Input Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ................................................ 14 Input Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) ......................... 14 Output Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ............................................. 15 Output Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) ...................... 15 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ........................... 16 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ........................ 16 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 2400 MHz .......................................... 17 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP840FESD at 2400 MHz ........................................................ 17 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD .......... 18 Photo of the BFP840FESD 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ......................................... 19 Zoom-In Picture of the BFP840FESD 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ........................ 19 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ................ 20 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 20 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Summary of Measurement Results .................................................................................................... 10 Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 11 Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 4 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Wi-Fi® Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a registered trademark made of the Wi-Fi Alliance created to certify devices for wireless LAN (WLAN) applications based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The Wi-Fi function is one of the most important connectivity functions in notebooks, smart phones and tablet PCs. The WLAN standard has evolved over the years from its legacy systems known as 802.11-1997, through 802.11a, b, g, and n, to the newest 802.11ac. Today the trend is rapidly changing where Wi-Fi is not only used for high data rate access to internet but also for content consumption such as streaming music and High Definition video on TVs, smart phones, tablets, game consoles etc. With the requirements on wireless data quality becoming more stringent than ever, the new Wireless LAN standards are being developed by using higher order modulation schemes such as 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256-QAM), wider channels (40MHz) and multiple data streams up to 8 (MIMO-Multiple input multiple output). Wi-Fi according to IEEE802.11b/g/n at 2.4 GHz widely implemented over years suffers from interference from other devices such as cordless phones, microwave ovens, Bluetooth devices etc. in the 2.4 GHz space. Different applications like home entertainment with wireless high-quality multimedia signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass data storages and printers implement 2.4 – 2.5 GHz Wi-Fi® into their system to offer high-speed wireless connectivity. 802.11a operating at 5 GHz has less interference and can transmit data at greater speeds (54Mbps) but at the cost of reduced range. 802.11n provides enhanced performance and range over prior 802.11 technologies by operating in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. It adds two significant technologies: MIMO (Multiple input-Multiple output) and 40 MHz channels. With this, data rates upto 600Mbps (for 4 streams) can be achieved in the 5 GHz band. To cater to these high throughput requirements, major performance criteria have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a 2.4-2.5 GHz WLAN system is shown. Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 5 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Introduction WLAN: 2.4 – 2.5 GHz BPF SPDT Switch LNA Power Detector WLAN/ WiMAX Transceiver IC ESD Diode BPF Figure 1 PA ® 2.4 – 2.5 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11b/g/n) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) Front-End A Wi-Fi router has to receive relatively weak signals from Wi-Fi enabled devices such as mobile phones. Therefore, it should have high sensitivity to detect a weak signal in the presence of strong interfering signals. A low noise amplifier (LNA) as a first block of the receiver front end is mandatory to improve the sensitivity of the receiver and overcome the the insertion loss of the SPDT switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. As an example, an increase in the sensitivity by 5 dB corresponds to doubling the link distance. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain low noise amplifier. WLAN systems are subject to co-channel interference and also interference from strong coexisting cellular signals. High linearity characteristics such as IIP3 and Input 1dB compression point are required to improve an application's ability to distinguish between desired signals and spurious signals received close together. This avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure. This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection. Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 6 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN BFP840FESD Overview 2 BFP840FESD Overview 2.1 Features • Robust ultra low noise amplifier based on Infineon´s reliable high volume SiGe:C technology • Unique combination of high end RF performance and robustness: 20 dBm maximum RF input power, 1.5 kV HBM ESD hardness • Very high transition frequency fT = 85 GHz enables best in class noise performance at high frequencies: NFmin = 0.75 dB at 5.5 GHz, 1.8 V, 5 mA 2 • High gain |S21| = 19 dB @ 5.5 GHz, 1.8 V, 10 mA • OIP3 = 22.5 dBm at 5.5 GHz, 1.5 V, 6 mA • Ideal for low voltage applications e.g. VCC = 1.2 V and 1.8 V (2.85 V, 3.3 V, 3.6 V requires corresponding collector resistor) • Low power consumption, ideal for mobile applications • Pb free (RoHS compliant) and halogen free thin flat package with visible leads 2.2 Figure 2 BFP840FESD in TSFP-4-1 Key Applications of BFP840FESD As Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in: • Mobile and fixed connectivity applications: WLAN IEEE802.11, WiMAX and UWB • Satellite communication systems: satellite radio (SDARs, DAB), navigation systems (e.g. GPS, GLONASS, COMPASS...) and satellite C-band LNB (1st and 2nd stage LNA) • Ku-band LNB front-end (2nd stage or 3rd stage LNA and active mixer) • Ka-band oscillators (DROs) Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 7 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN High Gain Low Noise Amplifier using BFP840FESD for 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN Application 3 High Gain Low Noise Amplifier using BFP840FESD for 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN Application 3.1 Description The BFP840FESD is a discrete hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) specifically designed for high performance 2.4 and 5 GHz band low noise amplifier (LNA) solutions for Wi-Fi connectivity applications. It combines the 80 GHz fT silicon-germanium:carbide (SiGe:C) B9HFM process with special device geometry engineering to reduce the parasitic capacitance between substrate and transistor that degrades high-frequency characteristics, resulting in an inherent input matching and a major improvement in power gain 5 GHz band together with a low noise figure performance that is industry's best. The BFP840FESD has an integrated 1.5kV HBM ESD protection which makes the device robust against electrostatic discharge and extreme RF input power. The device offers its high performance at low current and voltage and is especially well-suited for portable battery powered applications in which energy efficiency is a key requirement. The BFP840FESD is housed in flat-leads TSFP-4-1 package. Further variants are available in industry standard visible-leads SOT343 package (BFP840ESD) and in the low-height 0.31mm TSLP-3-9 package (BFR840L3RHESD) specially fitting into modules. Figure 3 shows the pin assignment of package of BFP840FESD in the top view: B 1 4 E XYs E 2 3 C BFPXXXF Figure 3 Package and pin connections of BFP840FESD in Topview Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 8 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN High Gain Low Noise Amplifier using BFP840FESD for 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN Application This application note presents the measurement results of the Low Noise Amplifier using BFP840FESD for 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz WLAN applications. It requires 10 passive 0402 SMD components and can provide 20.5 dB gain at 2400 MHz. The noise figure varies from 1.05 dB to 1.0 dB (SMA and PCB losses are subtracted) over the frequency band. The circuit achieves an input return loss of 11 dB and output return loss 14 dB. Furthermore, the circuit is unconditionally stable from 10 MHz to 15 GHz. However, Proper RF grounding on PCB has to be ensured in order to achieve stability k-factor > 1 (Figure 20). At 2400 MHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the output third order intercept point OIP3 reaches 13 dBm. Besides, we obtain input 1dB input compression point IP1dB of -16.2 dBm at 2400 MHz. Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 9 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN 3.2 Performance overview Device: BFP840FESD Application: Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN PCB Marking: BFP840FESD TSFP-4-1 M13031106 Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage VCC 3.0 V DC Current ICC 14.1 mA Frequency Range Freq 2400 2500 MHz Gain (ON-Mode) GON 20.6 20.3 dB Gain (OFF-Mode) GOFF -27.3 -26.9 dB Noise Figure NF 1.05 1.0 dB Input Return Loss RLin 11.3 11.6 dB Output Return Loss RLout 14 14.6 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 26.3 26 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -16.2 -15.8 dBm Output P1dB OP1dB 3.4 3.5 dBm Input IP3 IIP3 -7.2 -7.3 dBm Output IP3 OIP3 13.4 13 dBm Stability k Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 -- > 1.0 10 / 22 Note/Test Condition SMA and PCB losses (~0.05 dB) are subtracted Power @ Input: -30 dBm Stability measured from 10MHz to 15GHz 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN 3.3 Schematics Vcc= 3.0 V J3 DC Connector All passives are “0402“ case size Inductors: LQG Series Capacitors: Various I = 14.1 mA C3 39 pF R1 33 kΩ R2 10 Ω C4 39 pF L1 2.2 nH C1 6.8 pF J1 RF Port1 INPUT Figure 4 Table 2 R3 100 Ω C2 8.2 pF Q1 BFP840FESD R4 5.1 Ω L2 1.6 nH J2 RF Port2 OUTPUT Please refer to chapter 5 for layout proposal Total Component Count = 11 including BFP840FESD transistor PCB = M13031106 BFP840FESD TSFP-4-1 PCB Board Material = Standard FR4 Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm Inductors = 2 (Low Q) Resistors = 5 Capacitors = 4 Schematic Diagram of the used Circuit Bill-of-Materials Symbol Value Unit Size Manufacturer Comment C1 6.8 pF 0402 Various Input DC block & input matching C2 8.2 pF 0402 Various Output DC block & output matching C3 39 pF 0402 Various RF decoupling RF decoupling Input matching Output matching and high frequency stability improvement DC biasing C4 39 pF 0402 Various L1 2.2 nH 0402 LQG L2 1.6 nH 0402 LQG R1 33 kΩ 0402 Various R2 10 Ω 0402 Various R3 100 Ω 0402 Various DC biasing (provides DC negative feedback to stabilize DC operating point over temperature variation, transistor hFE variation, etc.) Stability improvement & input/output matching R4 5.1 Ω 0402 Various stability improvement TSFP-4-1 Infineon Technologies Q1 Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 11 / 22 BFP840FESD SiGe:C Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs 4 Measured Graphs Insertion Power Gain InBand 30 20 10 2400 MHz 20.6 dB 0 2500 MHz 20.3 dB -10 -20 2000 Figure 5 2200 2400 2600 Frequency (MHz) 2800 3000 Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Insertion Power Gain WideBand 30 2400 MHz 20.6 dB 20 10 2500 MHz 20.3 dB 0 -10 -20 100 Figure 6 2100 4100 6100 Frequency (MHz) 8100 10000 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 12 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs Noise Figure_2G4_2G5 2 NF(dB) 1.5 2400 MHz 1.05 dB 2500 MHz 1 dB 1 0.5 0 2400 Figure 7 2420 2440 2460 Frequency (MHz) 2480 2500 5000 6000 Noise Figure of BFP840FESD LNA for 2400 - 2500 MHz Reverse Isolation -20 -40 2500 MHz -31.4 dB -60 2400 MHz -31.6 dB -80 -100 1000 Figure 8 2000 3000 4000 Frequency (MHz) Reverse Isolation of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 13 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs Input Matching 0 -10 2400 MHz -11.3 dB 2500 MHz -11.6 dB -20 -30 -40 10 2010 4010 6000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 9 Input Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Swp Max 5000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Input Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0.2 0.2 2400 MHz r 1.6871 x -0.271806 -10.0 2 -0. 4 .0 -5. 0 -1.0 -0.8 .0 -2 -0 .6 Figure 10 -3 .0 2500 MHz r 1.53182 x -0.409608 .4 -0 Swp Min 2000MHz Input Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 14 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs Output Matching 0 2500 MHz -14.6 dB -5 2400 MHz -14.1 dB -10 -15 -20 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 11 Output Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Swp Max 5000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Output Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 5.0 10.0 2500 MHz r 0.700418 x 0.105568 -10.0 2 -0. 4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 12 5.0 4.0 10.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 4. 2400 MHz r 0.67158 x 0.0397286 Swp Min 2000MHz Output Matching of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 15 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs Stability k Factor 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5000 10000 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 13 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Stability Mu Factor 2.5 2 1.5 1 Mu2 factor 0.5 Mu1 factor 0 100 5100 10100 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 14 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 16 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs Input 1dB Compression Point_2G4 25 Gain(dB) 20 -16.2 dBm 19.6 dB -30 dBm 20.6 dB 15 10 5 0 -30 -20 -10 0 Pin (dBm) Figure 15 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 2400 MHz Output 3rd Order Intercept Point_2G4 0 2401 MHz -9.02 Power (dBm) -20 2399 MHz -53.8 -40 -60 -80 -100 2398.5 Figure 16 2399.5 2400.5 Frequency (MHz) 2401.5 2402.5 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP840FESD at 2400 MHz Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 17 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Measured Graphs OFF_Mode 0 -20 -40 2400 MHz -27.3 dB 2500 MHz -26.9 dB -60 -80 -100 1000 3000 5000 7000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 17 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 18 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Evaluation Board and Layout Information 5 Evaluation Board and Layout Information Figure 18 Photo of the BFP840FESD 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Figure 19 Zoom-In Picture of the BFP840FESD 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 19 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Evaluation Board and Layout Information 0.3mm BFP840FESD 0.6mm Figure 20 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Vias FR4 Core, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 21 FR4 Prepreg, 0.8mm PCB Layer Information Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 20 / 22 2013-03-27 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz WLAN Authors 6 Authors Xi Chen, Internship Student of Application Engineering of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Shamsuddin Ahmed, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” 7 Remark The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®. Application Note AN320, Rev. 1.0 21 / 22 2013-03-27 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN320