Data Sheet

e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
HT82R732
Revision : 1.00
Date : October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Table of Contents
Features ...............................................................................................5
CPU Features ........................................................................................................5
Peripheral Features ................................................................................................5
General Description ............................................................................5
Block Diagram .....................................................................................6
Pin Assignment ...................................................................................6
Pin Description ....................................................................................7
Absolute Maximum Ratings ...............................................................8
D.C. Characteristics ............................................................................8
A.C. Characteristics ............................................................................9
System Architecture .........................................................................10
Clocking and Pipelining ........................................................................................10
Program Counter ..................................................................................................11
Stack ....................................................................................................................12
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU ...........................................................................12
Program Memory...............................................................................13
Structure...............................................................................................................13
Special Vectors.....................................................................................................13
Look-up Table.......................................................................................................13
Table Program Example.....................................................................................14
Data Memory......................................................................................16
Structure...............................................................................................................16
Special Purpose Data Memory .............................................................................17
Special Function Registers ...................................................................................17
Oscillator............................................................................................21
System Oscillator Overview..................................................................................21
System Clock Configurations................................................................................21
Internal RC Oscillator - HIRC ...............................................................................21
External 32768Hz Crystal Oscillator - LXT ...........................................................22
Internal Low Speed Oscillator - LIRC ...................................................................22
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Operating Modes ...............................................................................23
Mode Types and Selection ...................................................................................23
Mode Switching ....................................................................................................23
Standby Current Considerations...........................................................................24
Wake-up...............................................................................................................24
Watchdog Timer ................................................................................25
Watchdog Timer Operation...................................................................................25
Low Voltage Detector - LVD .............................................................26
LVD Register ........................................................................................................26
LVD Operation......................................................................................................27
Reset and Initialisation .....................................................................28
Reset Functions ...................................................................................................28
Reset Initial Conditions .........................................................................................30
Input/Output Ports.............................................................................32
Pull-high Resistors................................................................................................32
Port Wake-up .......................................................................................................32
I/O Port Control Registers.....................................................................................33
Pin-shared Functions............................................................................................33
I/O Pin Structures .................................................................................................34
Programming Considerations ...............................................................................34
Timer/Event Counters .......................................................................35
Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock Source .....................................35
Timer Registers - TMR0, TMR1 ...........................................................................35
Timer Control Registers - TMR0C, TMR1C..........................................................37
Timer Mode ..........................................................................................................38
Event Counter Mode.............................................................................................39
Pulse Width Capture Mode...................................................................................39
Prescaler ..............................................................................................................40
PFD Function .......................................................................................................40
I/O Interfacing.......................................................................................................41
Programming Considerations ...............................................................................41
Timer Program Example.......................................................................................42
Interrupts............................................................................................43
Interrupt Registers ................................................................................................43
Interrupt Operation ...............................................................................................44
Interrupt Priority.....................................................................................................46
External Interrupt ..................................................................................................46
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt ..............................................................................46
Time Base Interrupts ............................................................................................47
Programming Considerations ...............................................................................48
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Driver ................................................48
LCD Memory ........................................................................................................48
LCD Registers ......................................................................................................49
Clock Source........................................................................................................49
LCD Driver Output................................................................................................50
LCD Voltage Source and Biasing..........................................................................51
LCD Waveform Timing Diagrams .........................................................................52
Programming Considerations ...............................................................................54
Application Circuits ..........................................................................55
LCD Application Mode 1.......................................................................................55
LCD Application Mode 2.......................................................................................56
Instruction Set ...................................................................................57
Introduction ..........................................................................................................57
Instruction Timing .................................................................................................57
Moving and Transferring Data ..............................................................................57
Arithmetic Operations ...........................................................................................57
Logical and Rotate Operations .............................................................................57
Branches and Control Transfer.............................................................................58
Bit Operations.......................................................................................................58
Table Read Operations.........................................................................................58
Other Operations..................................................................................................58
Instruction Set Summary ......................................................................................59
Instruction Definition ........................................................................61
Package Information .........................................................................71
28-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions ...........................................................71
48-pin LQFP (7mm´7mm) Outline Dimensions ....................................................72
Reel Dimensions ..................................................................................................73
Carrier Tape Dimensions ......................................................................................74
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Features
CPU Features
·
Operating voltage: fSYS = 4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V
·
Program Memory: 4Kx16
·
Data Memory: 576x8
·
Up to 1ms instruction cycle with 4MHz system clock at VDD= 3V
·
HALT mode and wake-up functions to reduce power consumption
·
Oscillator types
- Internal RC -- HIRC
- Low frequency internal RC -- LIRC
- External low frequency crystal -- LXT
·
LXT oscillator is implemented by TinyPowerTM structure
·
Two operational modes: Normal, HALT Mode
·
Fully integrated internal 4MHz oscillator requires no external components
·
Watchdog Timer function
·
LIRC oscillator function for Watchdog Timer
·
All instructions executed in one or two instruction cycles
·
Table read instructions
·
63 powerful instructions
·
6-level subroutine nesting
·
Bit manipulation instruction
·
Low voltage reset function
·
Low voltage detect function
·
28-pin SSOP, 48-pin LQFP package types
Peripheral Features
·
Up to 18 bidirectional I/O lines
·
Internal LCD driver with 24x4 segments
·
External interrupt input shared with an I/O line
·
Two 8-bit programmable Timer/Event Counter with overflow interrupt and prescaler
·
Dual Time-Base functions for generation of fixed time interrupt signals
·
Programmable Frequency Divider -- PFD shared with I/O line
General Description
The device is an 8-bit high performance, RISC architecture microcontrollers specifically designed for
the LCD applications. The usual Holtek microcontroller features of low power consumption, I/O
flexibility, timer functions, oscillator options, HALT and wake-up functions, watchdog timer, low
voltage reset, low voltage detect and internal LCD driver, combine to provide the device with a wide
range of functional options while still maintaining a high level of cost effectiveness. The fully
integrated system oscillator HIRC, which requires no external components and which has three
frequency selections, opens up a huge range of new application possibilities for this device, some of
which may include measuring scales, electronic meters, gas meters, timers, and many other
LCD-based industrial and home appliance applications.
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Block Diagram
The following block diagram illustrates the main functional blocks.
R O M /R A M
M e m o ry
T im e
B a s e
I/O
P o rts
T im in g
G e r n e r a tio n
S ta c k
8 - b it R IS C
M C U C o re
L V R /L V D
T im e r
L C D
D r iv e r
P F D
D r iv e r
R e s e t &
In te rru p t
Pin Assignment
2 8
S E G 9
2
2 7
S E G 1 0
P A 6 /S E G 6
3
2 6
S E G 1 1
P A 5 /S E G 5
4
2 5
S E G 1 2
P A 4 /S E G 4
5
2 4
S E G 1 3
P A 3 /[P F D ]/S E G 3
6
2 3
S E G 1 4
P A 2 /S E G 2
7
2 2
C O M 3
P A 1 /S E G 1
8
2 1
C O M 2
P A 0 /S E G 0
9
2 0
C O M 1
R E S
1 0
1 9
C O M 0
V S S
1 1
1 8
C 2
X T 1
1 2
1 7
C 1
X T 2
1 3
1 6
L V C
V D D /L V A
1 4
1 5
L V B
G 1 6
G 1 5
G 1 4
G 1 3
G 1 2
G 1 1
G 1 0
E G 9
E G 8
E G 7
E G 6
E G 5
1
S E
S E
S E
S E
S E
S E
S E
S
S
P A 7 /S
P A 6 /S
P A 5 /S
S E G 8
P A 7 /S E G 7
P A
P A 3 /[P F D
P A
P A
P A
P
P
4 /S E G
]/S E G
2 /S E G
1 /S E G
0 /S E G
B 7 /T C
B 6 /T C
P B 5 /IN
P B 4 /P F
P B
P B
P B
2
3
0
5
2
3
3 5
3 4
4
3 3
1
D
1
3 2
6
H T 8 2 R 7 3 2
4 8 L Q F P -A
7
0
8
T
1 0
1 1
1
2
3 1
3 0
2 9
9
3
3 6
2 8
2 7
2 6
1 2
2 5
1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
C O M
C O M
C O M
C O M
C 2
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
3
2
1
0
C 1
L V C
L V B
V D D
L V A
X T 2
X T 1
V S S
R E S
P C 1
P C 2
P B 0
H T 8 2 R 7 3 2
2 8 S S O P -A
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4 8 4 7 4 6 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 1 4 0 3 9 3 8 3 7
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Pin Description
Pin Name
PA0/SEG0~
PA2/SEG2
PA3/SEG3/PFD
PA4/SEG4~
PA7/SEG7
PB0~PB3
PB4/PFD
PB5/INT
PB6/TC0
PB7/TC1
RES
PC1~PC2
Function
OPT
I/T
O/T
Description
PAn
PAPU
PAWK
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
SEGn
SEGC
¾
CMOS
LCD segment output
PA3
PAPU
PAWK
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
SEGn
SEGC
¾
CMOS
LCD segment output
PFD
¾
¾
CMOS
PFD output
PAn
PAPU
PAWK
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
SEGn
SEGC
¾
CMOS
LCD segment output
PBn
PBPU
PBWK
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
PB4
PBPU
PBWK
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
PFD
¾
¾
CMOS
PFD output
PB5
PBPU
PBWK
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
INT
¾
ST
¾
PB6
PBPU
PBWK
ST
CMOS
TC0
¾
ST
¾
PB7
PBPU
PBWK
ST
CMOS
TC1
¾
ST
¾
External Timer 1 clock input
RES
¾
ST
¾
Reset input
PCn
PCPU
PCWK
ST
CMOS
External interrupt input
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
External Timer 0 clock input
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and wake-up.
XT1
LXT
¾
LXT
¾
LXT pin
XT2
LXT
¾
¾
LXT
LXT pin
VDD
VDD
¾
PWR
¾
Power supply
VSS
VSS
¾
PWR
¾
Ground
LVA,LVB
¾
PWR
¾
LCD power supply
LVC,C1,C2
¾
¾
¾
LCD voltage pump
SEG8~SEG23
SEGn
¾
¾
CMOS
LCD segment output
COM0~COM3
COMn
¾
¾
CMOS
LCD common output
LVA,LVB
LVC,C1,C2
Legend: I/T: Input type
O/T: Output type
OPT: Options selected by register
PWR: Power
ST: Schmitt Trigger input
CMOS: CMOS output;
LXT: Low frequency crystal oscillator
Note: As the device exists in more than one package type the table reflects the situation for the package with the
highest pin count. For this reason not all pins will exist on all package types.
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ...............................................................................................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Input Voltage .................................................................................................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
Storage Temperature .................................................................................................-50°C to 125°C
Operating Temperature................................................................................................-40°C to 85°C
IOL Total...................................................................................................................................100mA
IOH Total ................................................................................................................................-100mA
Total Power Dissipation .........................................................................................................500mW
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme
conditions may affect device reliability.
D.C. Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
2.2
¾
5.5
V
¾
0.8
1.6
mA
VDD
Operating Voltage (High
Frequency Internal RC OSC)
¾
Operating Current
(HIRC OSC,
fS= fP=fRTC or fWDTOSC)
3V
IDD
5V
¾
1.6
3.2
mA
Standby Current
(HIRC OSC, fSYS=off,
fS= WDTOSC, fP= RTCOSC)
3V No load, system HALT,
LCD disable, WDT enable,
5V TBC disable
¾
2.0
6.0
mA
¾
6.0
12.0
mA
Standby Current
(HIRC OSC, fSYS=off,
fS= fP= RTCOSC)
3V No load, system HALT, LCD enable,
WDT enable, TBC enable, C type,
5V 1/2 or 1/3 Bias
¾
1.0
1.5
mA
¾
2.0
4.0
mA
VIL1
Input Low Voltage for I/O,
TCn and INT
¾
¾
0
¾
0.3VDD
V
VIH1
Input High Voltage for I/O,
TCn and INT
¾
¾
0.7VDD
¾
VDD
V
VIL2
Input Low Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0
¾
0.4VDD
V
Input High Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0.9VDD
V
ISTB1
ISTB2
VIH2
fSYS=4MHz
No load, fSYS=4MHz, WDT enable
VLVR
Low Voltage Reset Voltage
¾
LVR enable
ILVR
Low Voltage Reset Current
¾
LVR enable, LVDEN=0 (Disabled)
¾
VDD
-5% x
Typ.
2.10
+5% x
Typ.
V
¾
60
90
mA
VLVD1
LVDEN=1, VLVD=2.0V
2.0
V
VLVD2
LVDEN=1, VLVD=2.2V
2.2
V
VLVD3
LVDEN=1, VLVD=2.4V
2.4
V
VLVD4
VLVD5
Low Voltage Detector Voltage ¾
LVDEN=1, VLVD=2.7V
LVDEN=1, VLVD=3.0V
-5% x
Typ.
2.7
3.0
+5% x
Typ.
V
V
VLVD6
LVDEN=1, VLVD=3.3V
3.3
V
VLVD7
LVDEN=1, VLVD=3.6V
3.6
V
VLVD8
LVDEN=1, VLVD=4.4V
4.0
V
ILVD
Rev. 1.00
Low Voltage Detector Current
¾
LVDEN=1 (enabled)
8
¾
70
120
mA
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Ta=25°C
Symbol
IOL1
Parameter
I/O Port Sink Current
Test Conditions
VDD
3V
Conditions
I/O Port Source Current
LCD Common and Segment
Sink Current
IOL2
IOH2
RPH
3V
Typ.
Max.
Unit
4
8
¾
mA
10
20
¾
mA
-2
-4
¾
mA
VOL=0.1VDD
5V
IOH1
Min.
VOH=0.9VDD
5V
-5
-10
¾
mA
3V
210
420
¾
mA
350
700
¾
mA
-80
-160
¾
mA
-180
-360
¾
mA
VOL=0.1VDD
5V
3V
LCD Common and Segment
Source Current
5V
Pull-high Resistance of I/O
Ports
3V
¾
40
100
200
kW
5V
¾
20
50
100
kW
VOH=0.9VDD
A.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
¾
4
¾
MHz
3V/5V Ta=25°C
-1%
4
+1%
MHz
3V/5V Ta=0~70°C
-5%
4
+5%
MHz
2.2V~
Ta=0~70°C
3.6V
-8%
4
+8%
MHz
3.0V~
Ta=0~70°C
5.5V
-8%
4
+8%
MHz
2.2V~
Ta= -40°C~85°C
3.6V
-12%
4
+12%
MHz
3.0V~
Ta= -40°C~85°C
5.5V
-12%
4
+12%
MHz
VDD
fSYS
System Clock
System Clock
(HIRC)
fHIRC
¾
Conditions
2.2V~5.5V
fRTC
Real Time Clock (32768 Crystal)
¾
¾
¾
32768
¾
Hz
fTIMER
Timer0/1 I/P Frequency
¾
¾
¾
¾
1
fSYS
45
90
180
ms
32
65
130
ms
1
¾
¾
ms
SST=0
¾
1024
¾
tSYS
SST=1
¾
16
¾
tSYS
3V
tWDTOSC Watchdog oscillator period
Ta=25°C
5V
tRES
External Reset Low Pulse Width
¾
tSST
System start-up timer period
(wake-up from HALT)
¾
tINT
Interrupt Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
tSYS
tLVR
Low Voltage Width to Reset
¾
¾
120
240
480
ms
tLVDS
LVDO Stable Time
¾
15
¾
¾
ms
Note:
¾
For all VLVD
tSYS=1/fSYS
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
System Architecture
A key factor in the high-performance features of the Holtek range of microcontrollers is attributed to
the internal system architecture. The range of devices take advantage of the usual features found
within RISC microcontrollers providing increased speed of operation and enhanced performance. The
pipelining scheme is implemented in such a way that instruction fetching and instruction execution are
overlapped, hence instructions are effectively executed in one cycle, with the exception of branch or
call instructions. An 8-bit wide ALU is used in practically all operations of the instruction set. It carries
out arithmetic operations, logic operations, rotation, increment, decrement, branch decisions, etc. The
internal data path is simplified by moving data through the Accumulator and the ALU. Certain internal
registers are implemented in the Data Memory and can be directly or indirectly addressed. The simple
addressing methods of these registers along with additional architectural features ensure that a
minimum of external components is required to provide a functional I/O control system with
maximum reliability and flexibility.
Clocking and Pipelining
The main system clock, derived from the internal RC, HIRC, oscillator is subdivided into four
internally generated non-overlapping clocks, T1~T4. The Program Counter is incremented at the
beginning of the T1 clock during which time a new instruction is fetched. The remaining T2~T4
clocks carry out the decoding and execution functions. In this way, one T1~T4 clock cycle forms one
instruction cycle. Although the fetching and execution of instructions takes place in consecutive
instruction cycles, the pipelining structure of the microcontroller ensures that instructions are
effectively executed in one instruction cycle. The exception to this are instructions where the contents
of the Program Counter are changed, such as subroutine calls or jumps, in which case the instruction
will take one more instruction cycle to execute.
O s c illa to r C lo c k
( S y s te m C lo c k )
P h a s e C lo c k T 1
P h a s e C lo c k T 2
P h a s e C lo c k T 3
P h a s e C lo c k T 4
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
P ip e lin in g
P C
P C + 1
F e tc h In s t. (P C )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C -1 )
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 1 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C )
P C + 2
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 2 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C + 1 )
System Clocking and Pipelining
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
For instructions involving branches, such as jump or call instructions, two instruction cycles are
required to complete instruction execution. An extra cycle is required as the program takes one cycle to
first obtain the actual jump or call address and then another cycle to actually execute the branch. The
requirement for this extra cycle should be taken into account by programmers in timing sensitive
applications.
M O V A ,[1 2 H ]
2
C A L L D E L A Y
3
C P L [1 2 H ]
4
:
5
:
6
1
D E L A Y :
F e tc h In s t. 1
E x e c u te In s t. 1
F e tc h In s t. 2
E x e c u te In s t. 2
F e tc h In s t. 3
F lu s h P ip e lin e
F e tc h In s t. 6
E x e c u te In s t. 6
F e tc h In s t. 7
N O P
Instruction Fetching
Program Counter
During program execution, the Program Counter is used to keep track of the address of the next
instruction to be executed. It is automatically incremented by one each time an instruction is executed
except for instructions, such as ²JMP² or ²CALL² that demand a jump to a non-consecutive Program
Memory address. Note that the Program Counter width varies with the Program Memory capacity
depending upon which device is selected. However, it must be noted that only the lower 8 bits, known
as the Program Counter Low Register, are directly addressable by user.
When executing instructions requiring jumps to non-consecutive addresses such as a jump instruction,
a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the microcontroller manages program control by loading the
required address into the Program Counter. For conditional skip instructions, once the condition has
been met, the next instruction, which has already been fetched during the present instruction
execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the correct instruction is obtained.
Program Counter
Program Counter High Byte
PCL Register
PC11~PC8
PCL7~PCL0
The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the Program Counter Low register or PCL, is available for program control and is a readable and writeable register. By transferring data directly into
this register, a short program jump can be executed directly. However, as only this low byte is available for manipulation, the jumps are limited to the present page of memory that is 256 locations.
When such program jumps are executed, it should also be noted that a dummy cycle will be inserted.
The lower byte of the Program Counter is fully accessible under program control. Manipulating the
PCL might cause program branching, so an extra cycle is needed to pre-fetch. Further information on
the PCL register can be found in the Special Function Register section.
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Stack
This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the Program Counter only.
The stack is organized into 6 levels and is neither part of the Data or Program Memory space, and is
neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the Stack Pointer, SP, and is neither
readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the
Program Counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled
by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the Program Counter is restored to its previous value from the
stack. After a device reset, the Stack Pointer will point to the top of the stack.
P ro g ra m
T o p o f S ta c k
C o u n te r
S ta c k L e v e l 1
S ta c k L e v e l 2
S ta c k
P o in te r
B o tto m
S ta c k L e v e l 3
o f S ta c k
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
S ta c k L e v e l 6
If the stack is full and an enabled interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but
the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the Stack Pointer is decremented, by RET or RETI,
the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use
the structure more easily. However, when the stack is full, a CALL subroutine instruction can still be
executed which will result in a stack overflow. Precautions should be taken to avoid such cases
which might cause unpredictable program branching.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU
The arithmetic-logic unit or ALU is a critical area of the microcontroller that carries out arithmetic and
logic operations of the instruction set. Connected to the main microcontroller data bus, the ALU
receives related instruction codes and performs the required arithmetic or logical operations after
which the result will be placed in the specified register. As these ALU calculation or operations may
result in carry, borrow or other status changes, the status register will be correspondingly updated to
reflect these changes. The ALU supports the following functions:
Rev. 1.00
·
Arithmetic operations: ADD, ADDM, ADC, ADCM, SUB, SUBM, SBC, SBCM, DAA
·
Logic operations: AND, OR, XOR, ANDM, ORM, XORM, CPL, CPLA
·
Rotation RRA, RR, RRCA, RRC, RLA, RL, RLCA, RLC
·
Increment and Decrement INCA, INC, DECA, DEC
·
Branch decision, JMP, SZ, SZA, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ, SIZA, SDZA, CALL, RET, RETI
12
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Program Memory
The Program Memory is the location where the user code or program is stored. The device is supplied
with One-Time Programmable, OTP, memory where users can program their application code into the
device. By using the appropriate programming tools, OTP devices offer users the flexibility to freely
develop their applications which may be useful during debug or for products requiring frequent
upgrades or program changes.
Structure
The Program Memory has a capacity of 4Kx16. The Program Memory is addressed by the Program
Counter and also contains data, table information and interrupt entries. Table data, which can be setup
in any location within the Program Memory, is addressed by separate table pointer registers.
Special Vectors
Within the Program Memory, certain locations are reserved for
the reset and interrupts. The location 000H is reserved for use by
the device reset for program initialisation. After a device reset is
initiated, the program will jump to this location and begin
execution.
0 0 0 0 H
R e s e t
0 0 0 4 H
0 0 1 4 H
In te rru p t
V e c to r
0 F F F H
1 6 b its
Program Memory Structure
Look-up Table
Any location within the Program Memory can be defined as a look-up table where programmers can
store fixed data. To use the look-up table, the table pointers must first be setup by placing the lower and
higher order address of the look up data to be retrieved in the table pointer registers, TBLP and TBHP.
These registers define the full range address of the look-up table.
There are three methods to read the Program Memory data by the two table read instructions:
²TABRDC[m]² or ²TABRDL [m]² instructions, respectively. When these instructions are executed,
the lower order table byte from the Program Memory will be transferred to the user defined Data
Memory register [m] as specified in the instruction. The higher order table data byte from the Program
Memory will be transferred to the TBLH special register.
The three methods are shown as follows:
·
Using the instruction ²TABRDC [m]², where the table location is defined by TBLP in the current
page (one page=256 words). Here the control bit of the TBHP function, the TBRC bit in the SYSC
register, is disabled (default).
·
Using the instruction ²TABRDC [m]², where the table location is defined by TBLP and TBHP. Here
the control bit of the TBHP function is enabled.
·
The instruction ²TABRDL [m]², where the table location is defined by TBLP in the last page
(0F00H~0FFFH).
Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word
are transferred to the lower portion of TBLH. The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read
only and cannot be restored. The table pointers (TBLP, TBHP) are read/write registers which indicate
the table location. Before accessing the table, the location must be placed in the TBLP and TBHP
registers (If the software option of the TBHP function is disabled, the value in TBHP has no effect). If
the main routine and the ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) both employ the table read instruction, the
contents of the TBLH in the main routine is likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in
the ISR. As a result errors may occur. In other words, using the table read instruction in the main
routine and in the ISR simultaneously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to
be applied in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt should be disabled prior to the table read
Rev. 1.00
13
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
instruction. It will not be enabled until the TBLH has been backed up. All table related instructions
require two cycles to complete the operation. These areas may function as normal program memory
depending on the requirements.
Once the control bit of the TBHP function is enabled, the instruction ²TABRDC [m]² reads the
Program Memory data as defined by TBLP and TBHP register value. Otherwise, if the control bit of
TBHP function is disabled, the instruction ²TABRDC [m]² reads the Program Memory data as defined
by the TBLP and the current program counter bits.
The following diagram illustrates the addressing/data flow of the look-up table:
P ro g ra m C o u n te r
H ig h B y te
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
T B L P
T B L H
S p e c ifie d b y [m ]
T a b le C o n te n ts H ig h B y te
T a b le C o n te n ts L o w
B y te
T a b le R e a d - T B L P o n ly
T B H P
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
T B L P
T B L H
S p e c ifie d b y [m ]
H ig h B y te o f T a b le C o n te n ts
L o w
B y te o f T a b le C o n te n ts
T a b le R e a d - T B L P / T B H P
Instruction
Table Location Bits
b11
b10
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
TABRDC [m]
PC11
PC10
PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
TABRDL [m]
1
1
1
1
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Table Location
Note:
PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits when the TBHP control bit is disabled
TBHP register bit3 ~bit0 when TBHP is enabled
@7~@0: Table Pointer TBLP bits
Table Program Example
The accompanying example shows how the table pointer and table data is defined and retrieved from
the device. This example uses raw table data located in the last page which is stored there using the
ORG statement. The value at this ORG statement is ²0F00H² which refers to the start address of the
last page within the 4K Program Memory of the device. The table pointer is setup here to have an
initial value of ²06H². This will ensure that the first data read from the data table will be at the Program
Memory address ²0F06H² or 6 locations after the start of the last page. Note that the value for the table
pointer is referenced to the first address of the present page if the ²TABRDC [m]² instruction is being
used. The high byte of the table data which in this case is equal to zero will be transferred to the TBLH
register automatically when the ²TABRDL [m]² instruction is executed.
Rev. 1.00
14
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Because the TBLH register is a read-only register and cannot be restored, care should be taken to
ensure its protection if both the main routine and Interrupt Service Routine use the table read
instructions. If using the table read instructions, the Interrupt Service Routines may change the value
of TBLH and subsequently cause errors if used again by the main routine. As a rule it is recommended
that simultaneous use of the table read instructions should be avoided. However, in situations where
simultaneous use cannot be avoided, the interrupts should be disabled prior to the execution of any
main routine table-read instructions. Note that all table related instructions require two instruction
cycles to complete their operation.
Table Read Program Example
tempreg1
tempreg2
:
:
db ?
db ?
; temporary register #1
; temporary register #2
mov
a,06h
; initialise table pointer - note that this address is referenced
mov
:
:
tblp,a
; to the last page or present page
tabrdl tempreg1
; transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
; to tempregl
; data at prog. memory address ²0F06H² transferred to
; tempreg1 and TBLH
dec
; reduce value of table pointer by one
tblp
Tabrdl tempreg2
; transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
; to tempreg2
; data at prog.memory address ²0F05H² transferred to
; tempreg2 and TBLH
; in this example the data ²1AH² is transferred to
; tempreg1 and data ²0FH² to register tempreg2
; the value ²00H² will be transferred to the high byte
; register TBLH
:
:
org
300h
dc
:
:
00Ah, 00Bh, 00Ch, 00Dh, 00Eh, 00Fh, 01Ah, 01Bh
Rev. 1.00
; sets initial address of last page
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Data Memory
The Data Memory is a volatile area of 8-bit wide RAM internal memory and is the location where
temporary information is stored. Divided into several sections, the first of these is an area of RAM
where special function registers are located. These registers have fixed location and are necessary for
correct operation of the device.
Many of these registers can be read and written to directly under program control, however, some
remain protected from user manipulation. The second area of Data Memory is reserved for general
purpose use. All locations within this area are read and write accessible under program control. The
third area is reserved for the LCD memory. This special area of Data Memory is mapped directly to the
LCD display so data written into this memory area will directly affect the displayed data.
The addresses of the LCD Memory area overlap those in the General Purpose Data Memory area.
Switching between the different Data Memory banks is achieved by setting the Bank Pointer to the
correct value.
Structure
The Data Memory is subdivided into several banks, all of which are implemented in 8-bit wide RAM.
The Data Memory located in Bank 0 is subdivided into two sections, the Special Purpose Data
Memory and the General Purpose Data Memory.
The start address of the Data Memory for all devices is the address 00H. Registers which are common
to all microcontrollers, such as ACC, PCL, etc, have the same Data Memory address. The LCD
Memory is mapped into Bank 1. The Banks 2 to 3 contain only General Purpose Data Memory for
those devices with large Data Memory capacities. As the Special Purpose Data Memory registers are
mapped into all bank areas, they can subsequently be accessed from any bank location.
All microcontroller programs require an area of read/write memory where temporary data can be
stored and retrieved for use later. It is this area of RAM memory that is known as General Purpose Data
Memory. This area of Data Memory is fully accessible by the user program for both read and write. By
using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions individual bits can be set or reset under program
control giving the user a large range of flexibility for bit manipulation in the Data Memory.
B a n k 0 , 2 , 3
B a n k 1
0 0 H
IA R 0
IA R 0
0 1 H
M P 0
M P 0
0 0 H
S p e c ia l
P u rp o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
S p e c ia l
P u rp o s e
R e g is te r s
2 8 H
B a n k 1
L C D
M e m o ry
3 F H
4 0 H
3 F H
4 0 H
4 0 H
5 7 H
F F H
L C D
M e m o ry
G e n e ra l
P u rp o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
G e n e ra l
P u rp o s e
R e g is te r s
F F H
F F H
: U n u s e d , re a d a s "0 0 "
N o te : T h e 4 0 H ~ 5 7 H
o f B a n k 1 a re u s e d fo r L C D
B a n k 0
B a n k 2
B a n k 3
m e m o ry .
Data Memory Structure
Note:
Most of the Data Memory bits can be directly manipulated using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² with the
exception of a few dedicated bits. The Data Memory can also be accessed through the memory pointer
registers.
Rev. 1.00
16
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Special Purpose Data Memory
This area of Data Memory is where registers, necessary for the correct operation of the
microcontroller, are stored. Most of the registers are both readable and writeable but some are
protected and are readable only, the details of which are located under the relevant Special Function
Register section. Note that for locations that are unused, any read instruction to these addresses will
return the value ²00H².
Special Function Registers
To ensure successful operation of the microcontroller, certain internal registers are implemented in the
Data Memory area. These registers ensure correct operation of internal functions such as timers,
interrupts, etc., as well as external functions such as I/O data control. The location of these registers
within the Data Memory begins at the address ²00H² and are mapped into both Bank 0 and Bank 1.
Any unused Data Memory locations between these special function registers and the point where the
General Purpose Memory begins is reserved and attempting to
0 0 H
IA R 0
read data from these locations will return a value of ²00H².
Indirect Addressing Registers - IAR0, IAR1
The Indirect Addressing Registers, IAR0 and IAR1, although
having their locations in normal RAM register space, do not
actually physically exist as normal registers. The method of
indirect addressing for RAM data manipulation uses these
Indirect Addressing Registers and Memory Pointers, in
contrast to direct memory addressing, where the actual
memory address is specified. Actions on the IAR0 and IAR1
registers will result in no actual read or write operation to these
registers but rather to the memory location specified by their
corresponding Memory Pointer, MP0 or MP1. Acting as a pair,
IAR0 with MP0 and IAR1 with MP1, can together access data
from the Data Memory. As the Indirect Addressing Registers
are not physically implemented, reading the Indirect
Addressing Registers indirectly will return a result of ²00H²
and writing to the registers indirectly will result in no
operation.
Memory Pointers - MP0, MP1
Two Memory Pointers, known as MP0 and MP1 are provided.
These Memory Pointers are physically implemented in the
Data Memory and can be manipulated in the same way as
normal registers providing a convenient way with which to
indirectly address and track data. When any operation to the
relevant Indirect Addressing Registers is carried out, the actual
address that the microcontroller is directed to is the address
specified by the related Memory Pointer. The following
example shows how to clear a section of four Data Memory
locations already defined as locations adres1 to adres4.
0 1 H
0 2 H
0 3 H
0 4 H
0 5 H
0 6 H
0 7 H
0 8 H
0 9 H
0 A H
0 B H
0 C H
0 D H
0 E H
0 F H
1 0 H
1 1 H
1 2 H
1 3 H
1 4 H
1 5 H
1 6 H
1 7 H
1 8 H
1 9 H
1 A H
1 B H
1 C H
1 D H
1 E H
1 F H
2 0 H
2 1 H
2 2 H
2 3 H
2 4 H
2 5 H
2 6 H
2 7 H
2 8 H
2 9 H
2 A H
M P 0
IA R 1
M P 1
B P
A C C
P C L
T B L P
T B L H
W D T S
S T A T U S
IN T C 0
IN T C 1
T M R 0
T M R 0 C
T M R 1
T M R 1 C
U n u s e d
P A
P A C
P A P U
P A W K
P B
P B C
P B P U
P B W K
P C
P C C
P C P U
P C W K
U n u s e d
U n u s e d
U n u s e d
U n u s e d
T B H P
W D T C
T B C
L V D C
S Y S C
L C D C
S E G C
U n u s e d
3 F H
: U n u s e d , re a d a s "0 0 "
Special Purpose Data Memory
Rev. 1.00
17
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Indirect Addressing Program Example
data .section ¢data¢
adres1 db ?
adres2 db ?
adres3 db ?
adres4 db ?
block db ?
code .section at 0 code
org 00h
start:
mov
mov
mov
mov
a,04h
block,a
a,offset adres1
mp0,a
clr
inc
sdz
jmp
IAR0
mp0
block
loop
; setup size of block
; Accumulator loaded with first RAM address
; setup memory pointer with first RAM address
loop:
; clear the data at address defined by MP0
; increment memory pointer
; check if last memory location has been cleared
continue:
The important point to note here is that in the example shown above, no reference is made to specific
Data Memory addresses.
Bank Pointer - BP
In the HT82R732 device, the Data Memory is divided into several Banks, known as Bank 0~3. The bit
0~1 of the Bank Pointer register are used to select the required Data Memory bank. Only data in Bank
0 can be directly addressed, as data in Bank 1~3 must be indirectly addressed using Memory Pointer
MP1 and Indirect Addressing Register IAR1. Using Memory Pointer MP0 and Indirect Addressing
Register IAR0 will always access data from Bank 0, irrespective of the value of the Bank Pointer.
Memory Pointer MP1 and Indirect Addressing Register IAR1 can indirectly address data in Bank 0 ~
Bank 3 depending upon the value of the Bank Pointer. The Data Memory is initialised to Bank 0 after a
reset, except for the WDT time-out reset in the HALT Mode, in which case, the Data Memory bank
remains unaffected.
It should be noted that Special Function Data Memory is not affected by the bank selection, which
means that the Special Function Registers can be accessed from within Bank 0 ~ Bank 3. Directly
addressing the Data Memory will always result in Bank 0 being accessed irrespective of the value of
the Bank Pointer.
·
BP Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
DMBP1
DMBP0
R/W
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
POR
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
0
0
Bit 7~2
Bit 1~0
Rev. 1.00
unimplemented, read as ²0²
DMBP1~DMBP0: Select Data Memory Banks
00: Bank 0
01: Bank 1 LCD Memory
10: Bank 2
11: Bank 3
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Accumulator - ACC
The Accumulator is central to the operation of any microcontroller and is closely related with
operations carried out by the ALU. The Accumulator is the place where all intermediate results from
the ALU are stored. Without the Accumulator it would be necessary to write the result of each
calculation or logical operation such as addition, subtraction, shift, etc., to the Data Memory resulting
in higher programming and timing overheads. Data transfer operations usually involve the temporary
storage function of the Accumulator; for example, when transferring data between one user defined
register and another, it is necessary to do this by passing the data through the Accumulator as no direct
transfer between two registers is permitted.
Program Counter Low Register - PCL
To provide additional program control functions, the low byte of the Program Counter is made
accessible to programmers by locating it within the Special Purpose area of the Data Memory. By
manipulating this register, direct jumps to other program locations are easily implemented. Loading a
value directly into this PCL register will cause a jump to the specified Program Memory location.
However, as the register is only 8-bit wide, only jumps within the current Program Memory page are
permitted. When such operations are used, note that a dummy cycle will be inserted.
Look-up Table Registers - TBLP, TBHP, TBLH
These three special function registers are used to control operation of the look-up table which is stored
in the Program Memory. The TBLP and TBHP are the table pointers and indicate the location where
the table data is located. Their value must be setup before any table read commands are executed. Their
value can be changed, for example using the ²INC² or ²DEC² instructions, allowing for easy table data
pointing and reading. TBLH is the location where the high order byte of the table data is stored after a
table read data instruction has been executed. Note that the lower order table data byte is transferred to
a user defined location. The TBHP register will only be effective if it is first enabled using its control
bit in the SYSC register.
Status Register - STATUS
This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag
(OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). These arithmetic/logical operation
and system management flags are used to record the status and operation of the microcontroller.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like
most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In
addition, operations related to the status register may give different results due to the different
instruction operations. The TO flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT time-out or by
executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag is affected only by executing the
²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or during a system power-up.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations.
In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status register will not
be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status registers are important and if the
interrupt routine can change the status register, precautions must be taken to correctly save it. Note that
bits 0~3 of the STATUS register are both readable and writeable bits.
Rev. 1.00
19
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
·
STATUS Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
¾
¾
TO
PDF
OV
Z
AC
C
R/W
¾
¾
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
¾
¾
0
0
x
x
x
x
²x² unknown
Unimplemented, read as ²0²
TO: Watchdog Time-Out flag
0: After power up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction
1: A watchdog time-out occurred.
PDF: Power down flag
0: After power up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction
1: By executing the ²HALT² instruction
OV: Overflow flag
0: no overflow
1: an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the
highest-order bit or vice versa.
Z: Zero flag
0: The result of an arithmetic or logical operation is not zero
1: The result of an arithmetic or logical operation is zero
AC: Auxiliary flag
0: no auxiliary carry
1: an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition, or no borrow from the
high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction
C: Carry flag
0: no carry-out
1: an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place
during a subtraction operation
C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction.
Bit 7, 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
System Control Registers - SYSC
This register is used to provide control over various internal functions. Some of these include the
Wake-up time selection, PFD control and the TBHP register enable control.
·
SYSC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SSTC
TBRC
PFDC1
PFDCS
¾
¾
¾
PFDC0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
¾
¾
¾
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
¾
¾
¾
0
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5, 0
Bit 4
Bit 3~1
Rev. 1.00
SSTC: wake up time selection
0: 1024 system clocks
1: 16 system clocks
The SSTC bit is used to select the wake-up time for the system to wake up from the HALT mode.
TBRC: TBHP register enable control
0: disable
1: enable
PFDC1, PFDC0 : PFD or I/O selection
00: I/O
01: I/O
10: PFD output to PB4
11: PFD output to PA3
PFDCS: PFD clock source
0: Timer 0
1: Timer 1
Unimplemented, read as ²0²
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Oscillator
Various oscillator options offer the user a wide range of functions according to their application
requirements. The flexible features of the oscillator functions ensure that the best optimisation can be
achieved in terms of speed and power saving. Oscillator selections and operation are selected through
a combination of configuration options and registers.
System Oscillator Overview
In addition to being the source of the main system clock the oscillators also provide clock sources for
the Watchdog Timer and Time Base functions. An external oscillator requiring some external
components as well as two fully integrated internal oscillators, requiring no external components, are
provided to form a range of both fast and slow system oscillators.
Type
Name
Freq.
Pins
HIRC
4MHz
¾
External Low Speed Crystal
LXT
32768Hz
XT1/XT2
Internal Low Speed RC
LIRC
12kHz
Internal High Speed RC
¾
TM
The oscillator is connected to the XT1/XT2 pins with TinyPower
design.
System Clock Configurations
There are three system oscillators, one high speed oscillator and two low speed oscillators. The high
speed oscillator is the internal RC oscillator -- HIRC. The two low speed oscillators are the external
32768Hz oscillator -- LXT and the internal 12kHz (VDD=5V) oscillator -- LIRC.
fS
H IR C
4 M H z
Y S
¸
4
W a tc h d o g
T im e r
L IR C
1 2 k H z
L X T
L C D
3 2 k H z
T im e B a s e
Internal RC Oscillator - HIRC
The internal RC oscillator is a fully integrated system oscillator requiring no external components. The
internal RC oscillator has fixed frequency of 4MHz. Device trimming during the manufacturing
process and the inclusion of internal frequency compensation circuits are used to ensure that the
influence of the power supply voltage, temperature and process variations on the oscillation frequency
are minimised. As a result, at a power supply of either 3V or 5V and at a temperature of 25 degrees, the
fixed oscillation frequency of 4MHz will have a tolerance within 2%.
Rev. 1.00
21
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
External 32768Hz Crystal Oscillator - LXT
When the microcontroller enters the HALT Mode, the system clock is switched off to stop
microcontroller activity and to conserve power. However, in many microcontroller applications it may
be necessary to keep the internal timers operational even when the microcontroller is in the HALT
Mode. To do this, another clock, independent of the system clock, must be provided, known as the
LXT oscillator. The LXT oscillator is implemented using a 32768Hz crystal connected to pins
XT1/XT2. However, for some crystals, to ensure oscillation and accurate frequency generation, it is
necessary to add two small value external capacitors, C1 and C2. The exact values of C1 and C2
should be selected in consultation with the crystal or resonator manufacturer¢s specification. The
external parallel feedback resistor, Rp, is required. The low speed oscillator, LXT, is used to provide a
clock source to the Watchdog Timer, the LCD driver and the Time Base Interrupts.
In te r n a l
O s c illa to r
C ir c u it
C 1
R p
3 2 7 6 8 H z
In te rn a l R C
O s c illa to r
T o in te r n a l
c ir c u its
C 2
N o te : 1 . R p , C 1 a n d C 2 a r e r e q u ir e d .
2 . A lth o u g h n o t s h o w n p in s h a v e a
p a r a s itic c a p a c ita n c e o f a r o u n d 7 p F .
External LXT Oscillator - LXT
LXT Oscillator C1 and C2 Values
Crystal Frequency
C1
C2
32768Hz
8pF
10pF
Note:
1. C1 and C2 values are for guidance only.
2. RP=5M~10MW is recommended.
32768 Hz Crystal Recommended Capacitor Values
Crystal Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
fO
Nominal Frequency
¾
32.768
¾
kHz
ESR
Series Resistance
¾
50
65
kW
CL
Load Capacitance
¾
9
¾
pF
Note:
1. It is strongly recommended to use a crystal with load capacitance 9pF.
2. The oscillator selection can be optimized using a high quality resonator with small ESR value. Refer to
crystal manufacturer for more details: www.microcrystal.com
Internal Low Speed Oscillator - LIRC
The LIRC is a fully self-contained free running internal RC oscillator with a typical frequency of
12kHz at 5V requiring no external components. Its sole purpose is as one of the clock sources for the
Watchdog Timer. It is automatically enabled if the Watchdog Timer selects it as its clock source using
the WCS0 and WCS1 bits in the WDTC register. When the device enters the HALT Mode, the LIRC
oscillator continues to run if the Watchdog Timer has selected it as its clock source.
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Operating Modes
The system can be selected to operate in two modes, namely the Normal mode and HALT mode. In the
Normal mode the HIRC oscillator is the system clock source. In the HALT mode the HIRC oscillator
stops but the LXT and LIRC oscillators continue to run.
Mode Types and Selection
When the HALT instruction is executed, the device will enter the HALT Mode, the high frequency
HIRC oscillator will stop running and the LXT and LIRC oscillator continue to run to provide the
clock sources for peripheral function operation.
The accompanying table shows the relationship between the HALT instruction and the high/low
frequency oscillators.
Operating Mode
HIRC
LXT
LIRC
Normal
Run
Run
Run
HALT
Stop
Run
Run
Note: The LIRC oscillator is only enabled if the Watchdog Timer selects it as its clock source.
Operating Mode Control
Mode Switching
The device is switched from the normal mode to the HALT mode using the HALT instruction. The
HALT instruction forces the system into the HALT Mode. In the HALT mode, the LXT and LIRC
oscillators keeps running. When a HALT instruction is executed, the system enters the HALT mode
and the following conditions occur:
Rev. 1.00
·
The system oscillator will stop running and the application program will stop at the ²HALT²
instruction.
·
The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain their present condition.
·
The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the WDT clock source is selected to come from the
LIRC or LXT oscillator. The WDT will stop if its clock source originates from the system clock.
·
The I/O ports will maintain their present condition
·
In the status register, the Power Down flag, PDF, will be set and the Watchdog time-out flag, TO,
will be cleared.
·
The Time Base counter will continue counting if the control bit, the TBON bit in the TBC register is
set to ²1².
·
The LCD driver will remain active if the control bit, the LCDEN bit in the LCDC register, is set to
²1².
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Standby Current Considerations
As the main reason for entering the HALT Mode is to keep the current consumption of the MCU to as
low a value as possible, perhaps only in the order of several micro-amps, there are other considerations
which must also be taken into account by the circuit designer if the power consumption is to be
minimised.
Special attention must be made to the I/O pins on the device. All high-impedance input pins must be
connected to either a fixed high or low level as any floating input pins could create internal oscillations
and result in increased current consumption. Care must also be taken with the loads, which are
connected to I/O pins, which are setup as outputs. These should be placed in a condition in which
minimum current is drawn or connected only to external circuits that do not draw current, such as other
CMOS inputs.
If the software options have enabled the Watchdog Timer internal oscillator LIRC, then this will
continue to run when in the HALT Mode and will thus consume some power. For power sensitive
applications it may be therefore preferable to use the system clock source for the Watchdog Timer. The
LXT, if configured for use, will also consume a limited amount of power, as it continues to run when
the device enters the HALT Mode.
Wake-up
After the system enters the HALT Mode, it can be woken up from one of various sources listed as
follows:
·
An external reset
·
An external falling edge on PA, PB or PC I/O pins
·
A system interrupt
·
A WDT overflow
If the system is woken up by an external reset, the device will experience a full system reset, however,
if the device is woken up by a WDT overflow, a Watchdog Timer reset will be initiated. Although both
of these wake-up methods will initiate a reset operation, the actual source of the wake-up can be
determined by examining the TO and PDF flags. The PDF flag is cleared by a system power-up or
executing the clear Watchdog Timer instructions and is set when executing the ²HALT² instruction.
The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program Counter
and Stack Pointer, the other flags remain in their original status.
Pins PA[0 :7], PB [0:7], PC[1:2] can be setup via the PAWK, PBWK and PCWK registers to permit a
negative transition on the pin to wake-up the system. When an I/O pin wake-up occurs, the program
will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
If the system is woken up by an interrupt, then two possible situations may occur. The first is where the
related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, in which case the program
will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction. In this situation, the interrupt
which woke-up the device will not be immediately serviced, but will rather be serviced later when the
related interrupt is finally enabled or when a stack level becomes free. The other situation is where the
related interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, in which case the regular interrupt response takes
place. If an interrupt request flag is set to 1 before entering the HALT Mode, then any interrupt requests
will not generate a wake-up function of the related interrupt will be ignored. No matter what the source of
the wake-up event is, once a wake-up event occurs, there will be a time delay before normal program
execution resumes. Consult the table for the related time.
Rev. 1.00
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Oscillator Type
Wake-up
Source
IRC
tRSDT + tSST1
External RES
PA, PB, PC Port
tSST1
Interrupt
WDT Overflow
Note: 1. tRSTD (reset delay time), tSYS (system clock)
2. tRSTD is power-on delay, typical time=100ms
3. tSST1= 16 or 1024 tSYS, selected by the SSTC bit in the SYSC register.
Wake-up Delay Time
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer, also known as the WDT, is provided to inhibit program malfunctions caused by
the program jumping to unknown locations due to certain uncontrollable external events such as
electrical noise.
Watchdog Timer Operation
The Watchdog Timer operates by providing a device reset when the Watchdog Timer counter
overflows.
The Watchdog Timer clock can emanate from three different sources, selected by the WCS1 and
WCS0 bits in the WDTC register. These are LXT, fSYS/4 or LIRC. It is important to note that when the
system enters the HALT Mode the instruction clock is stopped, therefore if the WDTC register bits
have selected fSYS/4 as the Watchdog Timer clock source, the Watchdog Timer will cease to function.
For systems that operate in noisy environments, using the LIRC or the LXT as the clock source is
therefore the recommended choice. The division ratio of the prescaler is determined by bits 0, 1 and 2
of the WDTS register, known as WS0, WS1 and WS2. If the LIRC clock source is selected and with
the WS0, WS1 and WS2 bits of the WDTS register all set high, the prescaler division ratio will be
1:128, which will give a maximum time-out period.
Under normal program operation, a Watchdog Timer time-out will initialise a device reset and set the
status bit TO. However, if the system is in the HALT Mode, when a Watchdog Timer time-out occurs,
the device will be woken up, the TO bit in the status register will be set and only the Program Counter
and Stack Pointer will be reset. Three methods can be adopted to clear the contents of the Watchdog
Timer. The first is an external hardware reset, which means a low level on the external reset pin. The
second is using the Clear Watchdog Timer software instructions and the third is when a HALT
instruction is executed. For a simple execution of ²CLR WDT² instruction will clear the Watchdog
Timer.
C L R
fS
/4
L X T
L IR C
Y S
S /W
O p tio n
W D T
C L R
fS
8 s ta g e c o u n te r
W C S 1 , W C S 0
C L R
7 - b it P r e s c a le r
8 -to -1 M U X
W S 0 ~ W S 2
W D T T im e - o u t
Watchdog Timer
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
WDTS Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
WS2
WS1
WS0
R/W
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
0
0
0
Bit 7~3 :
Bit 2~0
unimplemented, read as ²0²
WS2, WS1, WS0: WDT prescaler rate selection
000= 1:1
001= 1:2
010= 1:4
011= 1:8
100= 1:16
101= 1:32
110= 1:64
111= 1:128
WDTC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
WCS1
WCS0
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
R/W
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
POR
0
0
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Bit 7~6
WCS1, WCS0: WDT clock source selection
00: LIRC (default)
01: fSYS/4
10: LXT
11: unimplemented
Bit 5~0
unimplemented, read as ²0²
Low Voltage Detector - LVD
The device contains a Low Voltage Detector function, also known as LVD. This enables the device to
monitor the power supply voltage, VDD, and provide a warning signal should it fall below a certain
level. This function may be especially useful in battery applications where the supply voltage will
gradually reduce as the battery ages, as it allows an early warning battery low signal to be generated.
LVD Register
The Low Voltage Detector function is controlled using a single register with the name LVDC. Three
bits in this register, VLVD2~VLVD0, are used to select one of eight fixed voltages below which a low
voltage condition will be determined. A low voltage condition is indicated when the LVDO bit is set. If
the LVDO bit is low, this indicates that the VDD voltage is above the preset low voltage value. The
LVDEN bit is used to control the overall on/off function of the low voltage detector. Setting the bit high
will enable the low voltage detector. Clearing the bit to zero will switch off the internal low voltage
detector circuits. As the low voltage detector will consume a certain amount of power, it may be
desirable to switch off the circuit when not in use, an important consideration in power sensitive
battery powered applications.
Rev. 1.00
26
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
LVDC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
LVDEN
LVDO
VLVD2
VLVD1
VLVD0
¾
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
¾
¾
¾
POR
0
0
0
0
0
¾
¾
¾
Bit7
bit6
LVDEN: LVD function control
0: disable
1: enable
LVDO: LVD output flag
0: no low voltage detect
1: low voltage detect
Bit5~3
VLVD2~VLVD0: select LVD voltage
000: 2.0V
001: 2.2V
010: 2.4V
011: 2.7V
100: 3.0V
101: 3.3V
110: 3.6V
111: 4.4V
Bit 2~0 :
unimplemented, read as ²0²
LVD Operation
The Low Voltage Detector function operates by comparing the power supply voltage, VDD, with a
pre-specified voltage level stored in the LVDC register. This has a range of between 2.0V and 4.4V.
When the power supply voltage, VDD, falls below this pre-determined value, the LVDO bit will be set
high indicating a low power supply voltage condition. The Low Voltage Detector function is supplied
by a reference voltage which will be automatically enabled. When the device is powered down the low
voltage detector will remain active if the LVDEN bit is high. After enabling the Low Voltage Detector,
a time delay tLVDS should be allowed for the circuitry to stabilise before reading the LVDO bit. Note also
that as the VDD voltage may rise and fall rather slowly, at the voltage nears that of VLVD, there may be
multiple bit LVDO transitions.
V D D
V
L V D
L V D E N
L V D O
tL
V D S
LVD Operation
Rev. 1.00
27
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Reset and Initialisation
A reset function is a fundamental part of any microcontroller ensuring that the device can be set to
some predetermined condition irrespective of outside parameters. The most important reset condition
is after power is first applied to the microcontroller. In this case, internal circuitry will ensure that the
microcontroller, after a short delay, will be in a well defined state and ready to execute the first
program instruction. After this power-on reset, certain important internal registers will be set to
defined states before the program commences. One of these registers is the Program Counter, which
will be reset to zero forcing the microcontroller to begin program execution from the lowest Program
Memory address.
In addition to the power-on reset, situations may arise where it is necessary to forcefully apply a reset
condition when the microcontroller is running. One example of this is where after power has been
applied and the microcontroller is already running, the RES line is forcefully pulled low. In such a
case, known as a normal operation reset, some of the microcontroller registers remain
unchanged allowing the microcontroller to proceed with normal operation after the reset line is
allowed to return high. Another type of reset is when the Watchdog Timer overflows and resets the
microcontroller. All types of reset operations result in different register conditions being setup.
Another reset exists in the form of a Low Voltage Reset, LVR, where a full reset, similar to the RES
reset is implemented in situations where the power supply voltage falls below a certain threshold.
Reset Functions
There are five ways in which a microcontroller reset can occur, through events occurring both
internally and externally:
Power-on Reset
The most fundamental and unavoidable reset is the one that occurs after power is first applied to the
microcontroller. As well as ensuring that the Program Memory begins execution from the first
memory address, a power-on reset also ensures that certain other registers are preset to known
conditions. All the I/O port and port control registers will power up in a high condition ensuring that all
pins will be first set to inputs.
Although the microcontroller has an internal RC reset function, if the VDD power supply rise time is
not fast enough or does not stabilise quickly at power-on, the internal reset function may be incapable
of providing proper reset operation. For this reason it is recommended that an external RC network is
connected to the RES pin, whose additional time delay will ensure that the RES pin remains low for an
extended period to allow the power supply to stabilise. During this time delay, normal operation of the
microcontroller will be inhibited. After the RES line reaches a certain voltage value, the reset delay
time tRSTD is invoked to provide an extra delay time after which the microcontroller will begin normal
operation. The abbreviation SST in the figures stands for System Start-up Timer.
V D D
P o w e r-o n R e s e t
tR
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay, typical time=100ms
Power-On Reset Timing Chart
Rev. 1.00
28
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
For most applications a resistor connected between VDD and the RES pin and a capacitor connected
between VSS and the RES pin will provide a suitable external reset circuit. Any wiring connected to
the RES pin should be kept as short as possible to minimise any stray noise interference.
For applications that operate within an environment where more noise is present the Enhanced Reset
Circuit shown is recommended.
V
D D
0 .0 1 m F * *
V D D
1 N 4 1 4 8 *
1 0 k W ~
1 0 0 k W
R E S
3 0 0 W *
0 .1 ~ 1 m F
V S S
Note:
²*² It is recommended that this component is added for added ESD protection
²**² It is recommended that this component is added in environments where power line noise
is significant
External RES Circuit
More information regarding external reset circuits is located in Application Note HA0075E on the
Holtek website.
RES Pin Reset
This type of reset occurs when the microcontroller is already running and the RES pin is forcefully
pulled low by external hardware such as an external switch. In this case as in the case of other reset, the
Program Counter will reset to zero and program execution initiated from this point.
0 .4 V
R E S
0 .9 V
D D
D D
tR
S T D
+
tS
S T
In te rn a l R e s e t
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay, typical time=100ms
RES Reset Timing Chart
Low Voltage Reset - LVR
The microcontroller contains a low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the
device. If the supply voltage of the device drops to within a range of 0.9V~VLVR such as might occur
when changing the battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. For a valid LVR
signal, a low supply voltage, i.e., a voltage in the range between 0.9V~VLVR must exist for a time
greater than that specified by tLVR in the A.C. characteristics. If the low supply voltage state does not
exceed this value, the LVR will ignore the low supply voltage and will not perform a reset function.
L V R
tR
S T D
+
tS
S T
In te rn a l R e s e t
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay, typical time=100ms
Low Voltage Reset Timing Chart
Rev. 1.00
29
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Watchdog Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
The Watchdog time-out Reset during normal operation is the same as a hardware RES pin reset except
that the Watchdog time-out flag TO will be set to ²1².
W D T T im e - o u t
tR
S T D
+
tS
S T
In te rn a l R e s e t
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay, typical time=100ms
WDT Time-out Reset during Normal Operation Timing Chart
Watchdog Time-out Reset during HALT Mode
The Watchdog time-out Reset during HALT Mode is a little different from other kinds of reset. Most of
the conditions remain unchanged except that the Program Counter and the Stack Pointer will be
cleared to ²0² and the TO flag will be set to ²1². Refer to the A.C. Characteristics for tSST details.
W D T T im e - o u t
tS
S T
In te rn a l R e s e t
WDT Time-out Reset during HALT Timing Chart
Reset Initial Conditions
The different types of reset described affect the reset flags in different ways. These flags, known as
PDF and TO are located in the status register and are controlled by various microcontroller operations,
such as the HALT function or Watchdog Timer. The reset flags are shown in the table:
TO
PDF
0
0
Power-on reset
RESET Conditions
u
u
RES or LVR reset during Normal Mode operation
1
u
WDT time-out reset during Normal Mode operation
1
1
WDT time-out reset during HALT Mode operation
Note: ²u² stands for unchanged
The following table indicates the way in which the various components of the microcontroller are affected after a power-on reset occurs.
Item
Rev. 1.00
Condition After RESET
Program Counter
Reset to zero
Interrupts
All interrupts will be disabled
WDT
Clear after reset, WDT begins counting
Timer/Event Counter
Timer Counter will be turned off
Prescaler
The Timer Counter Prescaler will be cleared
Input/Output Ports
I/O ports will be setup as inputs
Stack Pointer
Stack Pointer will point to the top of the stack
30
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
The different kinds of resets all affect the internal registers of the microcontroller in different ways. To
ensure reliable continuation of normal program executio n after a reset occurs, it is important to know
what condition the microcontroller is in after a particular reset occurs. The following table describes
how each type of reset affects each of the microcontroller internal registers.
Power-on
Reset
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation)
WDT Time-out
(Idle/Sleep)
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
MP0
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
Register
MP1
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
BP
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --uu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
WDTS
---- -000
---- -000
---- -000
---- -uuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--uu uuuu
--1u uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC0
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
INTC1
--00 --00
--00 --00
--00 --00
--uu --uu
TMR0
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR0C
0000 1000
0000 1000
0000 1000
uuuu uuuu
TMR1
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR1C
0000 1---
0000 1---
0000 1---
uuuu u---
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAWK
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PAPU
0000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
PB
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PBC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PBPU
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PBWK
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PC
---- -11-
---- -11-
---- -11-
---- -uu-
PCC
---- -11-
---- -11-
---- -11-
---- -uu-
PCPU
---- -00-
---- -00-
---- -00-
---- -uu-
PCWK
---- -00-
---- -00-
---- -00-
---- -uu-
TBHP
---- xxxx
---- uuuu
---- uuuu
---- uuuu
WDTC
00-- ----
00-- ----
00-- ----
uu-- ----
TBC
0-11 -111
0-11 -111
0-11 -111
u-uu uuuu
LVDC
0000 0---
0000 0---
0000 0---
uuuu u---
SYSC
0000 ---0
0000 ---0
0000 ---0
uuuu ---u
LCDC
0--- 0--0
0--- 0--0
0--- 0--0
u--- u--u
SEGC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
Note:
²-² not implemented
²u² means ²unchanged²
²x² means ²unknown²
Rev. 1.00
31
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Input/Output Ports
Holtek microcontrollers offer considerable flexibility on their I/O ports. Most pins can have either an
input or output designation under user program control. Additionally, as there are pull-high resistors
and wake-up software configurations, the user is provided with an I/O structure to meet the needs of a
wide range of application possibilities.
For input operation, these ports are non-latching, which means the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising
edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]², where m denotes the port address. For output operation, all the data
is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten.
Pull-high Resistors
Many product applications require pull-high resistors for their switch inputs usually requiring the use
of an external resistor. To eliminate the need for these external resistors, when configured as an input
have the capability of being connected to an internal pull-high resistor. These pull-high resistors are
selectable via a register known as PAPU, PBPU and PCPU located in the Data Memory. The pull-high
resistors are implemented using weak PMOS transistors.
Port Wake-up
If the HALT instruction is executed, the device will enter the HALT Mode, where the system clock will
stop resulting in power being conserved, a feature that is important for battery and other low-power
applications. Various methods exist to wake-up the microcontroller, one of which is to change the logic
condition on one of the PA0~PA7 (or PB0~PB7 or PC1~PC2) pins from high to low. After a HALT
instruction forces the microcontroller into entering the HALT Mode, the processor will remain idle or
in a low-power state until the logic condition of the selected wake-up pin on Port A (or Port B or Port
C) changes from high to low. This function is especially suitable for applications that can be woken up
via external switches. Note that pins of the PA, PB and PC can be selected individually to have this
wake-up feature using internal registers known as PAWK, PBWK and PCWK, located in the Data
Memory.
PAWK, PAC, PAPU, PBWK, PBC, PBPU, PCWK, PCC, PCPU Registers
Bit
Register
Name
POR
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PAWK
00H
PAWK7
PAWK6
PAWK5
PAWK4
PAWK3
PAWK2
PAWK1
PAWK0
PAC
FFH
PAC7
PAC6
PAC5
PAC4
PAC3
PAC2
PAC1
PAC0
PAPU
00H
PAPU7
PAPU6
PAPU5
PAPU4
PAPU3
PAPU2
PAPU1
PAPU0
PBWK
00H
PBWK7
PBWK6
PBWK5
PBWK4
PBWK3
PBWK2
PBWK1
PBWK0
PBC
3FH
PBC7
PBC6
PBC5
PBC4
PBC3
PBC2
PBC1
PBC0
PBPU
00H
PBPU7
PBPU6
PBPU5
PBPU4
PBPU3
PBPU2
PBPU1
PBPU0
PCWK
00H
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
PCWK2
PCWK1
¾
PCC
FFH
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
PCC2
PCC1
¾
PCPU
00H
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
PCPU2
PCPU1
¾
²¾² Unimplemented, read as ²0²
PAWKn/PBWKn/PCWKn: PA, PB, PC wake-up function enable
0: disable
1: enable
PACn/PBCn/PCCn: I/O type selection
0: output
1: input
Rev. 1.00
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
PAPUn/PBPUn/PCPUn: Pull-high function enable
0: disable
1: enable
I/O Port Control Registers
Each Port has its own control register, known as PAC, PBC and PCC which control the input/output
configuration. With this control register, each I/O pin with or without pull-high resistors can be
reconfigured dynamically under software control. For the I/O pin to function as an input, the
corresponding bit of the control register must be written as a ²1². This will then allow the logic state of
the input pin to be directly read by instructions. When the corresponding bit of the control register is
written as a ²0², the I/O pin will be setup as a CMOS output. If the pin is currently setup as an output,
instructions can still be used to read the output register. However, it should be noted that the program
will in fact only read the status of the output data latch and not the actual logic status of the output pin.
Pin-shared Functions
The flexibility of the microcontroller range is greatly enhanced by the use of pins that have more than
one function. Limited numbers of pins can force serious design constraints on designers but by
supplying pins with multi-functions, many of these difficulties can be overcome. The chosen function
of the multi-function I/O pins is set by application program control. Note that if the I/O pins are pin
shared with multiple functions and which are enabled at the same time, then the pin name located at the
right side of the ²/² symbol has the higher priority in the pin-shared functions.
External Interrupt Input
The external interrupt pin, INT, is pin-shared with an I/O pin. To use the pin as an external interrupt
input the correct bits in the INTC0 register must be programmed. The pin must also be setup as an
input by setting the PBC5 bit in the Port Control Register. A pull-high resistor can also be selected via
the appropriate port pull-high resistor register. Note that even if the pin is setup as an external interrupt
input the I/O function still remains.
External Timer/Event Counter Input
The Timer/Event Counter pins, TC0 and TC1 are pin-shared with I/O pins. For these shared pins to be
used as Timer/Event Counter inputs, the Timer/Event Counter must be configured to be in the Event
Counter or Pulse Width Capture Mode. This is achieved by setting the appropriate bits in the
Timer/Event Counter Control Register. The pins must also be setup as inputs by setting the
appropriate bit in the Port Control Register. Pull-high resistor options can also be selected using the
port pull-high resistor registers. Note that even if the pin is setup as an external timer input the I/O
function still remains.
PFD Output
The device contains a PFD function which is pin-shared an I/O pin. The output function of this pin is
chosen using the SYSC register. Note that the corresponding bit of the port control register, must setup
the pin as an output to enable the PFD output. If the port control register has setup this pin as input, then
this pin will function as normal logic input with the usual pull-high selection, even if the PFD function
has been selected.
SEG Outputs
Some device SEG pins are shared with I/O pins. The SEG function of these pins is setup using the
SEGC register.
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
I/O Pin Structures
The diagrams illustrate the I/O pin internal structures. As the exact logical construction of the I/O pin
may differ from these drawings, they are supplied as a guide only to assist with the functional
understanding of the I/O pins.
VDD
Pull-High Option
Control Bit
D
Q
Data Bus
Write Control Register
CK
S
Weak Pull-up
Q
PA0~PA2
PA3/[PFD]
PA4~PA7
PB0~PB3
PB4/PFD
PB5/INT
PB6/TC0
PB7/TC1
PC1~PC2
Chip Reset
Read Control Register
Data Bit
D
Q
Write Data Register
CK
S
Q
M
U
X
PB4 or PA3
PFD
PFDC
M
U
X
Read Data Register
System Wake-up
PAWK0~7/PBWK0~7/PCWK1~2
INT for PB5 only
TC0 for PB6 only
TC1 for PB7 only
Generic Input/Output Structure
Programming Considerations
Within the user program, one of the first things to consider is port initialisation. After a reset, the I/O
data register and I/O port control register will be set high. This means that all I/O pins will default to an
input state, the level of which depends on the other connected circuitry and whether pull-high options
have been selected. If the port control registers, are then programmed to setup some pins as outputs,
these output pins will have an initial high output value unless the associated port data register is first
programmed. Selecting which pins are inputs and which are outputs can be achieved byte-wide by
loading the correct value into the port control register or by programming individual bits in the port
control register using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. Note that when using these bit
control instructions, a read-modify-write operation takes place. The microcontroller must first read in
the data on the entire port, modify it to the required new bit values and then rewrite this data back to the
output ports.
T 1
S y s te m
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
C lo c k
P o rt D a ta
R e a d fro m
P o rt
W r ite to P o r t
Read Modify Write Timing
Pins PA0 to PA7, PB0 to PB7, PC1 to PC2 each has a wake-up function, selected via the PAWK,
PBWK and PCWK registers respectively. When the device is in the HALT Mode, various methods are
available to wake the device up. One of these is a high to low transition of any of these pins. Single or
multiple pins on Port A, Port B or Port C can be setup to have this function.
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Timer/Event Counters
The provision of timers form an important part of any microcontroller, giving the designer a means of
carrying out time related functions. The device contains two count-up timers of 8-bit capacity. As the
timers have three different operating modes, they can be configured to operate as a general timer, an
external event counter or as a pulse width capture device. The provision of an internal prescaler to the
clock circuitry on gives added range to the timers.
There are two types of registers related to the Timer/Event Counters. The first is the register that
contains the actual value of the timer and into which an initial value can be preloaded. Reading from
this register retrieves the contents of the Timer/Event Counter. The second type of associated register
is the Timer Control Register which defines the timer options and determines how the timer is to be
used. The device can have the timer clock configured to come from the internal clock source. In
addition, the timer clock source can also be configured to come from an external timer pin.
Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock Source
The Timer/Event Counter clock source can originate from various sources, an internal clock or an
external pin. The internal clock source is used when the timer is in the timer mode or in the pulse width
capture mode. For Timer/Event Counter 0, this internal clock source is first divided by a prescaler, the
division ratio of which is conditioned by the Timer Control Register bits T0PSC0~T0PSC2. For
Timer/Event Counter 0, the internal clock source can be either fSYS or the LXT Oscillator, the choice of
which is determined by the T0S bit in the TMR0C register.
An external clock source is used when the Timer/Event Counter n is in the event counting mode, the
clock source being provided on an external timer pin TCn. Depending upon the condition of the TnE
bit, each high to low, or low to high transition on the external timer pin will increment the counter by
one.
Timer Registers - TMR0, TMR1
The timer registers are special function registers located in the Special Purpose Data Memory and is
the place where the actual timer value is stored. These registers are known as TMR0 and TMR1. The
value in the timer registers increases by one each time an internal clock pulse is received or an external
transition occurs on the external timer pin. The timer will count from the initial value loaded by the
preload register to the full count of FFH at which point the timer overflows and an internal interrupt
signal is generated. The timer value will then be reset with the initial preload register value and
continue counting. Note that to achieve a maximum full range count of FFH, the preload register must
first be cleared to all zeros. It should be noted that after power-on, the preload registers will be in an
unknown condition.
Note that if the Timer/Event Counter is in an OFF condition and data is written to its preload register,
this data will be immediately written into the actual counter. However, if the counter is enabled and
counting, any new data written into the preload data register during this period will remain in the
preload register and will only be written into the actual counter the next time an overflow occurs.
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
T 0 S
fS
Y S
fL
X T
0
M U X
1
fT
P
7 S ta g e C o u n te r
7
T 0 P S C
[2 :0 ]
T o T im e r 0 in te r n a l c lo c k
(fT 0 C K = fT P ~ fT P /1 2 8 )
8 -1 M U X
Clock Structure for Timer/Time Base
D a ta B u s
T 0 M 1 , T 0 M 0
T im e r 0 In te r n a l C lo c k
(fT 0 C K )
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
M o d e C o n tro l
T 0 O V
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
U p C o u n te r
T C 0
T 0 O N
T 0 E G
¸
P F D 0
2
8-bit Timer/Event Counter 0 Structure
D a ta B u s
T 1 M 1 , T 1 M 0
fS Y S /4
L X T O s c illa to r
M
U
X
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
M o d e C o n tro l
T 1 O V
T 1 S
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
U p C o u n te r
T C 1
T 1 O N
T 1 E G
¸
2
P F D 1
8-bit Timer/Event Counter 1 Structure
P F D C S
P F D 0
0
P F D 1
1
M U X
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36
P F D
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Timer Control Registers - TMR0C, TMR1C
The flexible features of the Holtek microcontroller Timer/Event Counters enable them to operate in
three different modes, the options of which are determined by the contents of their respective control
register.
The Timer Control Register is known as TMRnC. It is the Timer Control Register together with its
corresponding Timer Register that controls the full operation of the Timer/Event Counter. Before the
timer can be used, it is essential that the Timer Control Register is fully programmed with the right data
to ensure its correct operation, a process that is normally carried out during program initialisation.
To choose which of the three modes the timer is to operate in, either in the timer mode, the event
counting mode or the pulse width capture mode, bits 7 and 6 of the Timer Control Register, which are
known as the bit pair TnM1/TnM0, must be set to the required logic levels. The timer-on bit, which is
bit 4 of the Timer Control Register and known as TnON, provides the basic on/off control of the
respective timer. Setting the bit high allows the counter to run, clearing the bit stops the counter. Bits
0~2 of the Timer Control Register, TMR0C, determine the division ratio of the input clock prescaler
for Timer 0. Note that there is no prescaler selection in the TMR1C register for Timer 1. The prescaler
bit settings have no effect if an external clock source is used. If the timer is in the event count or pulse
width capture mode, the active transition edge level type is selected by the logic level of bit 3 of the
Timer Control Register which is known as TnEG. The TnS bit selects the internal clock source if used.
TMR0C Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
T0M1
T0M0
T0S
T0ON
T0EG
T0PSC2
T0PSC1
T0PSC0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Bit 7,6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2~0
Rev. 1.00
T0M1, T0M0: Timer0 operation mode selection
00: no mode available
01: event counter mode
10: timer mode
11: pulse width capture mode
T0S: timer clock source
0: fSYS
1: LXT oscillator
T0S selects the clock source for fTP which is provided for Timer 0 and the Time-Base.
T0ON: Timer/event counter counting enable
0: disable
1: enable
T0EG:
Event counter active edge selection
0: count on raising edge
1: count on falling edge
Pulse Width Capture active edge selection
0: start counting on falling edge, stop on rasing edge
1: start counting on raising edge, stop on falling edge
T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0: Timer prescaler rate selection
Timer internal clock=
000: fTP
001: fTP/2
010: fTP/4
011: fTP/8
100: fTP/16
101: fTP/32
110: fTP/64
111: fTP/128
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
TMR1C Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
T1M1
T1M0
T1S
T1ON
T1EG
¾
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
¾
¾
¾
POR
0
0
0
0
1
¾
¾
¾
Bit 7,6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2~0
T1M1, T1M0: Timer 1 operation mode selection
00: no mode available
01: event counter mode
10: timer mode
11: pulse width capture mode
T1S: Timer clock source
0: fSYS/4
1: LXT oscillator
T1ON: Timer/event counter counting enable
0: disable
1: enable
T1EG:
Event counter active edge selection
0: count on raising edge
1: count on falling edge
Pulse Width Capture active edge selection
0: start counting on falling edge, stop on rasing edge
1: start counting on raising edge, stop on falling edge
unimplemented, read as ²0²
Timer Mode
In this mode, the Timer/Event Counter can be utilised to measure fixed time intervals, providing an
internal interrupt signal each time the Timer/Event Counter overflows. To operate in this mode, the
Operating Mode Select bit pair, TnM1/TnM0, in the Timer Control Register must be set to the correct
value as shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Timer Mode
Bit7
Bit6
1
0
In this mode the internal clock is used as the timer clock. The timer input clock source is either fSYS ,
fSYS/4 or the LXT oscillator. However, this timer 0 clock source is further divided by a prescaler, the
value of which is determined by the bits T0PSC2~T0PSC0 in the Timer Control Register. The
timer-on bit, TnON must be set high to enable the timer to run. Each time an internal clock high to low
transition occurs, the timer increments by one; when the timer is full and overflows, an interrupt signal
is generated and the timer will reload the value already loaded into the preload register and continue
counting. A timer overflow condition and corresponding internal interrupt is one of the wake-up
sources, however, the internal interrupts can be disabled by ensuring that the TnE bits of the INTC0
register are reset to zero.
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o n tr o lle r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + N
T im e r + N + 1
Timer Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Event Counter Mode
In this mode, a number of externally changing logic events, occurring on the external timer TCn pin,
can be recorded by the Timer/Event Counter. To operate in this mode, the Operating Mode Select bit
pair, TnM1/TnM0, in the Timer Control Register must be set to the correct value as shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Event Counter Mode
Bit7
Bit6
0
1
In this mode, the external timer TCn pin is used as the Timer/Event Counter clock source, however it is
not divided by the internal prescaler. After the other bits in the Timer Control Register have been setup,
the enable bit TnON, which is bit 4 of the Timer Control Register, can be set high to enable the
Timer/Event Counter to run. If the Active Edge Select bit, TnEG, which is bit 3 of the Timer Control
Register, is low, the Timer/Event Counter will increment each time the external timer pin receives a
low to high transition. If the TnEG is high, the counter will increment each time the external timer pin
receives a high to low transition. When it is full and overflows, an interrupt signal is generated and the
Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already loaded into the preload register and continue
counting. The interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that the Timer/Event Counter Interrupt Enable bit
in the corresponding Interrupt Control Register is reset to zero.
As the external timer pin is shared with an I/O pin, to ensure that the pin is configured to operate as an
event counter input pin, two things have to happen. The first is to ensure that the Operating Mode
Select bits in the Timer Control Register place the Timer/Event Counter in the Event Counting Mode,
the second is to ensure that the port control register configures the pin as an input. It should be noted
that in the event counting mode, even if the microcontroller is in the Idle/Sleep Mode, the Timer/Event
Counter will continue to record externally changing logic events on the timer input TCn pin. As a
result when the timer overflows it will generate a timer interrupt and corresponding wake-up source.
E x te rn a l E v e n t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + 3
Event Counter Mode Timing Chart (TnEG=1)
Pulse Width Capture Mode
In this mode, the Timer/Event Counter can be utilised to measure the width of external pulses applied
to the external timer pin. To operate in this mode, the Operating Mode Select bit pair, TnM1/TnM0, in
the Timer Control Register must be set to the correct value as shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Pulse Width Capture Mode
Bit7
Bit6
1
1
In this mode the internal clock, fSYS , fSYS/4 or the LXT, is used as the internal clock for the 8-bit
Timer/Event Counter. However, the clock source, fSYS, for the 8-bit timer is further divided by a
prescaler, if the Timer 0 is utilised, the value of which is determined by the Prescaler Rate Select bits
T0PSC2~T0PSC0, which are bits 2~0 in the Timer Control Register 0. After the other bits in the Timer
Control Register have been setup, the enable bit TnON, which is bit 4 of the Timer Control Register,
can be set high to enable the Timer/Event Counter, however it will not actually start counting until an
active edge is received on the external timer pin.
If the Active Edge Select bit TnEG, which is bit 3 of the Timer Control Register, is low, once a high to
low transition has been received on the external timer pin, the Timer/Event Counter will start counting
until the external timer pin returns to its original high level. At this point the enable bit will be
automatically reset to zero and the Timer/Event Counter will stop counting. If the Active Edge Select
bit is high, the Timer/Event Counter will begin counting once a low to high transition has been
received on the external timer pin and stop counting when the external timer pin returns to its original
Rev. 1.00
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
low level. As before, the enable bit will be automatically reset to zero and the Timer/Event Counter
will stop counting. It is important to note that in the pulse width capture Mode, the enable bit is
automatically reset to zero when the external control signal on the external timer pin returns to its
original level, whereas in the other two modes the enable bit can only be reset to zero under program
control.
The residual value in the Timer/Event Counter, which can now be read by the program, therefore
represents the length of the pulse received on the TCn pin. As the enable bit has now been reset, any
further transitions on the external timer pin will be ignored. The timer cannot begin further pulse width
capture until the enable bit is set high again by the program. In this way, single shot pulse
measurements can be easily made.
It should be noted that in this mode the Timer/Event Counter is controlled by logical transitions on the
external timer pin and not by the logic level. When the Timer/Event Counter is full and overflows, an
interrupt signal is generated and the Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already loaded into the
preload register and continue counting. The interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that the Timer/Event
Counter Interrupt Enable bit in the corresponding Interrupt Control Register is reset to zero.
As the TCn pin is shared with an I/O pin, to ensure that the pin is configured to operate as a pulse width
capture pin, two things have to happen. The first is to ensure that the Operating Mode Select bits in the
Timer Control Register place the Timer/Event Counter in the pulse width capture mode, the second is
to ensure that the port control register configures the pin as an input.
E x te rn a l T C n
P in In p u t
T n O N - w ith T n E = 0
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
+ 1
T im e r
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t is s a m p le d a t e v e r y fa llin g e d g e o f T 1 .
Pulse Width Capture Mode Timing Chart (TnE=0)
Prescaler
Bits T0PSC0~T0PSC2 of the TMR0C register can be used to define a division ratio for the internal
clock source of the Timer/Event Counter enabling longer time out periods to be setup.
PFD Function
The Programmable Frequency Divider provides a means of producing a variable frequency output
suitable for applications, such as piezo-buzzer driving or other interfaces requiring a precise frequency
generator.
As the pin is shared with I/O pin, the function is selected using the SYSC register. The Timer/Event
Counter overflow signal is the clock source for the PFD function, which is controlled by PFDCS bit in
the SYSC. For applicable devices the clock source can come from either Timer/Event Counter 0 or
Timer/Event Counter 1. The output frequency is controlled by loading the required values into the
timer prescaler and timer registers to give the required division ratio. The counter will begin to
count-up from this preload register value until full, at which point an overflow signal is generated,
causing both the PFD output to change state. The counter will then be automatically reloaded with the
preload register value and continue counting-up.
If the SYSC register has selected the PFD function, then for the PFD output to operate, it is essential
for the Port control register, to setup the PFD pin as output. If only one pin is setup as an output, the
other pin can still be used as a normal data input pin. However, if both pins are setup as inputs then the
Rev. 1.00
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
PFD will not function. The bit PB4 or PA3 must be set high to activate the PFD. These output data bits
can be used as the on/off control bit for the PFD outputs. Note that the PFD outputs will all be low if the
output data bit is cleared to zero.
Using this method of frequency generation, and if a crystal oscillator is used for the system clock, very
precise values of frequency can be generated.
T im e r O v e r flo w
P F D
C lo c k
P B 4 D a ta
P F D
O u tp u t a t P B 4
PFD Function
Note: The PFD is pin-shared with PA3 as well. If this PA3 pn-shared functon is selected, the designer should
refer the PB4 settings for PA3.
I/O Interfacing
The Timer/Event Counter, when configured to run in the event counter or pulse width capture mode,
requires the use of an external timer pin for its operation. As this pin is a shared pin it must be
configured correctly to ensure that it is setup for use as a Timer/Event Counter input pin. This is
achieved by ensuring that the mode select bits in the Timer/Event Counter control register select either
the event counter or pulse width capture mode. Additionally the corresponding Port Control Register
bit must be set high to ensure that the pin is setup as an input. Any pull-high resistor connected to this
pin will remain valid even if the pin is used as a Timer/Event Counter input.
Programming Considerations
When configured to run in the timer mode, the internal system clock is used as the timer clock source
and is therefore synchronised with the overall operation of the microcontroller. In this mode when the
appropriate timer register is full, the microcontroller will generate an internal interrupt signal directing
the program flow to the respective internal interrupt vector. For the pulse width capture mode, the
internal system clock is also used as the timer clock source but the timer will only run when the correct
logic condition appears on the external timer input pin. As this is an external event and not
synchronised with the internal timer clock, the microcontroller will only see this external event when
the next timer clock pulse arrives. As a result, there may be small differences in measured values
requiring programmers to take this into account during programming. The same applies if the timer is
configured to be in the event counting mode, which again is an external event and not synchronised
with the internal system or timer clock.
When the Timer/Event Counter is read, or if data is written to the preload register, the clock is inhibited
to avoid errors, however as this may result in a counting error, this should be taken into account by the
programmer. Care must be taken to ensure that the timers are properly initialized before using them for
the first time. The associated timer enable bits in the interrupt control register must be properly set
otherwise the internal interrupt associated with the timer will remain inactive. The edge select, timer
mode and clock source control bits in timer control register must also be correctly set to ensure the
timer is properly configured for the required application. It is also important to ensure that an initial
value is first loaded into the timer registers before the timer is switched on; this is because after
power-on the initial values of the timer registers are unknown. After the timer has been initialized the
timer can be turned on and off by controlling the enable bit in the timer control register.
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
When the Timer/Event Counter overflows, its corresponding interrupt request flag in the interrupt
control register will be set. If the Timer/Event Counter interrupt is enabled this will in turn generate an
interrupt signal. However irrespective of whether the interrupts are enabled or not, a Timer/Event
Counter overflow will also generate a wake-up signal if the device is in a HALT condition. This
situation may occur if the Timer/Event Counter is in the Event Counting Mode and if the external
signal continues to change state. In such a case, the Timer/Event Counter will continue to count these
external events and if an overflow occurs the device will be woken up from its HALT condition. To
prevent such a wake-up from occurring, the timer interrupt request flag should first be set high before
issuing the ²HALT² instruction to enter the HALT Mode.
Timer Program Example
The program shows how the Timer/Event Counter registers are setup along with how the interrupts are
enabled and managed. Note how the Timer/Event Counter is turned on, by setting bit 4 of the Timer
Control Register. The Timer/Event Counter can be turned off in a similar way by clearing the same bit.
This example program sets the Timer/Event Counters to be in the timer mode, which uses the internal
system clock as their clock source.
Timer Programming Example
org
04h
; external interrupt vector
org
08h
; Timer Counter 0 interrupt vector
jmp
tmr0int
; jump here when Timer 0 overflows
:
:
org
20h
; main program
:
:
;internal Timer 0 interrupt routine
tmr0int:
:
; Timer 0 main program placed here
:
:
begin:
;setup Timer 0 registers
mov
a,09bh
mov
tmr0,a
mov
a,081h
mov
tmr0c,a
;setup interrupt register
mov
a,00dh
mov
intc0,a
:
:
set tmr0c.4
:
:
Rev. 1.00
; setup Timer 0 preload value
; setup Timer 0 control register
; timer mode and prescaler set to /2
; enable master interrupt and both timer interrupts
; start Timer 0
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Interrupts
Interrupts are an important part of any microcontroller system. When an external event or an internal
function such as a Timer/Event Counter or Time Base requires microcontroller attention, their
corresponding interrupt will enforce a temporary suspension of the main program allowing the
microcontroller to direct attention to their respective needs.
The device contains a single external interrupt and multiple internal interrupts. The external interrupt
is controlled by the action of the external interrupt pin, while the internal interrupts are generated by
the various functions such as Timer/Event Counters and Time Base.
Interrupt Registers
Overall interrupt control, which means interrupt enabling and request flag setting, is controlled by
using two registers, INTC0 and INTC1. By controlling the appropriate enable bits in this registers each
individual interrupt can be enabled or disabled. Also when an interrupt occurs, the corresponding
request flag will be set by the microcontroller. The global enable control bit if cleared to zero will
disable all interrupts.
INTC0 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
¾
T1F
T0F
INTF
T1E
T0E
INTE
EMI
R/W
¾
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
¾
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
unimplemented, read as ²0²
T1F: Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt request flag
0: inactive
1: active
T0F: Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt request flag
0: inactive
1: active
INTF: External interrupt request flag
0: inactive
1: active
T1E: Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt enable
0: disable
1: enable
T0E: Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt enable
0: disable
1: enable
Bit 1
INTE: External interrupt enable
0: disable
1: enable
Bit 0
EMI: Master interrupt global enable
0: disable
1: enable
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
INTC1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
¾
¾
TB1F
TB0F
¾
¾
TB1E
TB0E
R/W
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
¾
¾
R/W
R/W
POR
¾
¾
0
0
¾
¾
0
0
Bit 7~6
Bit 5
unimplemented, read as ²0²
TB1F: Time Base 1 interrupt request flag
0: no request
1: interrupt request
Bit 4
TB0F: Time Base 0 interrupt request flag
0: no request
1: interrupt request
Bit 3~2
Bit 1
unimplemented, read as ²0²
TB1E: Time Base 1 interrupt control
0: disable
1: enable
Bit 0
TB0E: Time Base 0 interrupt control
0: disable
1: enable
Interrupt Operation
A Timer/Event Counter overflow, an active edge on the external interrupt pin, or a Time Base event
will all generate an interrupt request by setting their corresponding request flag, if their appropriate
interrupt enable bit is set. When this happens, the Program Counter, which stores the address of the
next instruction to be executed, will be transferred onto the stack. The Program Counter will then be
loaded with a new address which will be the value of the corresponding interrupt vector. The
microcontroller will then fetch its next instruction from this interrupt vector. The instruction at this
vector will usually be a JMP statement which will jump to another section of program which is known
as the interrupt service routine. Here is located the code to control the appropriate interrupt. The
interrupt service routine must be terminated with a RETI instruction, which retrieves the original
Program Counter address from the stack and allows the microcontroller to continue with normal
execution at the point where the interrupt occurred.
The various interrupt enable bits, together with their associated request flags, are shown in the
following diagram with their order of priority.
L e g e n d
x x F
E M I a u to d is a b le d in IS R
R e q u e s t F la g - - n o a u to r e s e t in IS R
x x F
R e q u e s t F la g - - a u to r e s e t in IS R
x x E
E n a b le B it
In te rru p t
N a m e
R e q u e s t
F la g s
E n a b le
B its
M a s te r
E n a b le
V e c to r
IN T P in
IN T F
IN T E
E M I
0 4 H
T C 0 P in
T 0 F
T 0 E
E M I
0 8 H
T C 1 P in
T 1 F
T 1 E
E M I
0 C H
T im e B a s e 0
T B 0 F
T B 0 E
E M I
1 0 H
T im e B a s e 1
T B 1 F
T B 1 E
E M I
1 4 H
P r io r ity
H ig h
L o w
Interrupt Scheme
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked, as the EMI bit will be
cleared automatically. This will prevent any further interrupt nesting from occurring. However, if other
interrupt requests occur during this interval, although the interrupt will not be immediately serviced,
the request flag will still be recorded. If an interrupt requires immediate servicing while the program is
already in another interrupt service routine, the EMI bit should be set after entering the routine, to
allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the
related interrupt is enabled, until the Stack Pointer is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the
stack must be prevented from becoming full.
When an interrupt request is generated, it takes 2 or 3 instruction cycle before the program jumps to the
interrupt vector. If the device is in the Sleep or Idle Mode and is woken up by an interrupt request, then
it will take 3 cycles before the program jumps to the interrupt vector.
Main
Program
Interrupt Request or
Interrupt Flag Set by Instruction
N
Enable Bit Set ?
Y
Main
Program
Automatically Disable Interrupt
Clear EMI & Request Flag
Wait for 2 ~ 3 Instruction Cycles
ISR Entry
RETI
(it will set EMI automatically)
Interrupt Flow
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Interrupt Priority
Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be
serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In case of
simultaneous requests, the following table shows the priority that is applied. These can be masked by
resetting the EMI bit.
Priority
Vector
External Interrupt
Interrupt Source
1
04H
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow
2
08H
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow
3
0CH
Time Base 0 Overflow
4
10H
Time Base 1 Overflow
5
14H
In cases where both external and internal interrupts are enabled and where an external and internal interrupt occurs simultaneously, the external interrupt will always have priority and will therefore be
serviced first. Suitable masking of the individual interrupts using the interrupt registers can prevent
simultaneous occurrences.
External Interrupt
The external interrupt pin is pin-shared with the I/O pin PB5 and can only be configured as an external interrupt pin if the corresponding external interrupt enable bit in the INTC0 register has been set.
The pin must also be setup as an input by setting the corresponding PBC.5 bit in the port control register. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and a transition appears on the external interrupt pin, a subroutine call to the external interrupt vector at location 04H, will take place. When the
interrupt is serviced, the external interrupt request flag, INTF, will be automatically reset and the
EMI bit will be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts. Note that any pull-high resistor connections on this pin will remain valid even if the pin is used as an external interrupt input.
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt
For a Timer/Event Counter interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the
corresponding timer interrupt enable bit, TnE, must first be set. An actual Timer/Event Counter
interrupt will take place when the Timer/Event Counter request flag, TnF, is set, a situation that will
occur when the relevant Timer/Event Counter overflows. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is
not full and a Timer/Event Counter n overflow occurs, a subroutine call to the relevant timer interrupt
vector, will take place. When the interrupt is serviced, the timer interrupt request flag, TnF, will be
automatically reset and the EMI bit will be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Time Base Interrupts
The function of the Time Base Interrupts is to provide regular time signal in the form of an internal
interrupt. They are controlled by the overflow signals from their respective timer functions. When
these happens their respective interrupt request flags, TB0F or TB1F will be set. To allow the program
to branch to their respective interrupt vector addresses, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI and Time
Base enable bits, TB0E or TB1E, must first be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full
and the Time Base overflows, a subroutine call to their respective vector locations will take place.
When the interrupt is serviced, the respective interrupt request flag, TB0F or TB1F, will be
automatically reset and the EMI bit will be cleared to disable other interrupts.
The purpose of the Time Base Interrupt is to provide an interrupt signal at fixed time periods. Their
clock sources originate from the internal clock source fTB. This fTB input clock passes through a divider,
the division ratio of which is selected by programming the appropriate bits in the TBC register to
obtain longer interrupt periods whose value ranges. The clock source that generates fTB, which in turn
controls the Time Base interrupt period, originates from the LXT oscillator, as shown in the System
Operating Mode section.
TBC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
TBON
¾
TB11
TB10
¾
TB02
TB01
TB00
R/W
R/W
¾
R/W
R/W
¾
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
¾
1
1
¾
1
1
1
Bit 7
TBON: TB0 and TB1 Control
0: disable
1: enable
Bit 6
Bit 5~4
unimplemented, read as ²0²
TB11~TB10: Select Time Base 1 Time-out Period
00: 4096/fTB
01: 8192/fTB
10: 16384/fTB
11: 32768/fTB
Bit 3
Bit 2~0
unimplemented, read as ²0²
TB02~TB00: Select Time Base 0 Time-out Period
000: 256/fTB
001: 512/fTB
010: 1024/fTB
011: 2048/fTB
100: 4096/fTB
101: 8192/fTB
110: 16384/fTB
111: 32768/fTB
T B 0 2 ~ T B 0 0
L X T
fT
D iv id e b y 2 8 ~ 2
1 5
T im e B a s e 0 In te r r u p t
D iv id e b y 2
1 5
T im e B a s e 1 In te r r u p t
B
1 2
~ 2
T B 1 1 ~ T B 1 0
Time Base Interrupt
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Programming Considerations
By disabling the interrupt enable bits, a requested interrupt can be prevented from being serviced,
however, once an interrupt request flag is set, it will remain in this condition in the interrupt register
until the corresponding interrupt is serviced or until the request flag is cleared by a software
instruction.
It is recommended that programs do not use the ²CALL subroutine² instruction within the interrupt
subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in
some applications. If only one stack is left and the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control
sequence will be damaged once a ²CALL subroutine² is executed in the interrupt subroutine.
All of these interrupts have the capability of waking up the processor when in the HALT Mode.
Only the Program Counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register are
altered by the interrupt service program, which may corrupt the desired control sequence, then the
contents should be saved in advance.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Driver
For large volume applications, which incorporate an LCD in their design, the use of a custom display
rather than a more expensive character based display reduces costs significantly. However, the
corresponding COM and SEG signals required, which vary in both amplitude and time, to drive such a
custom display require many special considerations for proper LCD operation to occur. These devices
all contain an LCD Driver function, which with their internal LCD signal generating circuitry and
various options, will automatically generate these time and amplitude varying signals to provide a
means of direct driving and easy interfacing to a range of custom LCDs.
The table shows the range of options available across the device range.
Duty
Driver No.
Bias
Bias Type
Waveform Type
1/4
24x4
1/2 or 1/3
C
A or B
LCD Memory
An area of Data Memory is especially reserved to use for the LCD display data. This data area is
known as the LCD Memory. Any data written here will be automatically read by the internal display
driver circuits, which will in turn automatically generate the necessary LCD driving signals. Therefore
any data written into this Memory will be immediately reflected into the actual display connected to
the microcontroller.
As the LCD Memory addresses overlap those of the General Purpose Data Memory, it¢s stored in its
own independent Bank 1 area. The Data Memory Bank to be used is chosen by using the Bank Pointer,
which is a special function register in the Data Memory, with the name, BP. To access the LCD
Memory therefore requires first that Bank 1 is selected by writing a value of 01H to the BP register.
After this, the memory can then be accessed by using indirect addressing through the use of Memory
Pointer MP1. With Bank 1 selected, then using MP1 to read or write to the memory area, address from
²40H² to ²57H², will result in operations to the LCD Memory. Directly addressing the Display
Memory is not applicable and will result in a data access to the Bank 0 General Purpose Data Memory.
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
The accompanying LCD Memory Map diagrams shows how the internal LCD Memory is mapped to
the Segments and Commons of the display for the devices. LCD Memory Maps for devices with
smaller memory capacities can be extrapolated from these diagrams.
b 7
b 6
b 5
b 4
b 3
b 2
b 1
b 0
4 0 H
S E G
4 1 H
S E G
5 6 H
S E G
2 2
5 7 H
S E G
2 3
0
1
C O M
1
2
0
C O M
3
C O M
C O M
: U n u s e d re a d a s "0 "
LCD Memory Map
LCD Registers
Control Registers in the Data Memory, are used to control the various setup features of the LCD
Driver.
There is one control register for the LCD function, LCDC.
Various bits in this registers control functions such as bias type as well as overall LCD enable and
disable. The LCDEN bit in the LCDC register, which provides the overall LCD enable/disable
function, will be effective when the device is in the Normal or HALT Mode. The LCDWT bit in the
same register is used to select whether Type A or Type B LCD control signals are used. The register,
SEGC is used to determine if the output function of display pins SEG0~SEG7 are used as segment
drivers or I/O functions.
Clock Source
The LCD clock source is the LXT Oscillator divided by 8 to generate an ideal LCD clock source
frequency of 4kHz.
L X T
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
LCD Driver Output
The nature of Liquid Crystal Displays require that only AC voltages can be applied to their pixels as
the application of DC voltages to LCD pixels may cause permanent damage. For this reason the
relative contrast of an LCD display is controlled by the actual RMS voltage applied to each pixel,
which is equal to the RMS value of the voltage on the COM pin minus the voltage applied to the SEG
pin. This differential RMS voltage must be greater than the LCD saturation voltage for the pixel to be
on and less than the threshold voltage for the pixel to be off.
The requirement to limit the DC voltage to zero and to control as many pixels as possible with a
minimum number of connections, requires that both a time and amplitude signal is generated and
applied to the application LCD. These time and amplitude varying signals are automatically generated
by the LCD driver circuits in the microcontroller. What is known as the duty determines the number of
common lines used, which are also known as backplanes or COMs. The duty is fixed at a value of 1/4
and which equates to a COM number of 4, therefore defines the number of time divisions within each
LCD signal frame. Two types of signal generation are also provided, known as Type A and Type B, the
required type is selected via the LCDWT bit in the LCDC register. Type B offers lower frequency
signals, however lower frequencies may introduce flickering and influence display clarity.
LCDC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
LCDWT
¾
¾
¾
LCDB
¾
¾
LCDEN
R/W
R/W
¾
¾
¾
R/W
¾
¾
R/W
POR
0
¾
¾
¾
0
¾
¾
0
Bit 7
LCDWT: LCD Type Control
0: Type A
1: Type B
Bit 6~4
Bit 3
unimplemented, read as ²0²
LCDB: LCD Bias Control
0: 1/2 Bias
1: 1/3 Bias
Unimplemented
LCDEN: LCD Enable Control
0: Disable
1: Enable
In the Normal or HALT mode, the LCD on/off function can be controlled by this bit.
Bit 2~1
Bit 0
SEGC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SEG7C
SEG6C
SEG5C
SEG4C
SEG3C
SEG2C
SEG1C
SEG0C
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Bit 7~0
Rev. 1.00
SEG7C~SEG0C: SEG7~SEG0 output or PA7~PA0
0: LCD Segment output
1: I/O
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
LCD Voltage Source and Biasing
The time and amplitude varying signals generated by the LCD Driver function require the generation
of several voltage levels for their operation. The number of voltage levels used by the signal depends
upon the value of the LCDB bit in the LCDC register.
The device provides C type biasing with a value of either 1/2 or 1/3. For C type biasing, an external
LCD voltage source can be supplied on LVB pin or LVA pin to generate the internal biasing voltages.
The C type biasing scheme uses an internal charge pump circuit, which in the case of the 1/3 bias
software control option can generate voltages higher than what is supplied on LVB pin. This feature is
useful in applications where the microcontroller supply voltage is less than the supply voltage required
by the LCD. An additional charge pump capacitor must also be connected between pins C1 and C2 to
generate the necessary voltage levels.
For the C type 1/2 bias selection, three voltage levels VSS, VA and VB are utilised. The voltage VA is
generated internally and has a value of LVB voltage. The internal VB biasing voltage will have a value
equal to LVB voltage x 0.5. For the C type 1/2 bias software control option VC is not used.
For the C type 1/3 bias selection, four voltage levels VSS, VA, VB and VC are utilised. There are two
LCD Power Supply input options, namely mode 1 and mode 2.
In mode 1, the LCD Power Supply is supplied on the LVB pin. The voltage VA is generated internally
and has a value of the LVB voltage x1.5, VB will have a value equal to the LVB voltage and VC will
have a value equal to the LVB voltage x 0.5. The LVA voltage must be greater than or equal to VDD.
In mode 2, the LCD Power Supply is supplied on the LVA pin. The voltage VA is generated internally
and has a value of the LVA voltage. The voltage VB will have a value equal to the LVA voltage x 2/3
and VC will have a value equal to LVA voltage x 1/3.
Note that the 28-pin package type only supports the LCD Power Supply mode 2 function.
The following diagrams illustrate the basic LCD Bias functional block diagrams.
L V B
V
A
C 1
(= L V B ´ 1 .5 )
V
B
(= L V B )
L V B
L C D P o w e r S u p p ly
C h a rg e
P u m p
C 2
V
(= L V B )
0 .1 m F
C h a rg e
P u m p
L V A
V
0 .1 m F
V
C
V
A
V
B
0 .1 m F
C
ty p e 1 /2 B ia s - M o d e 1
L C D P o w e r S u p p ly
C 1
(= L V A )
(= L V A ´ 2 /3 )
0 .1 m F
L V C
ty p e 1 /3 B ia s - M o d e 1
L V A
0 .1 m F
L V A
(= L V B ´ 0 .5 )
0 .1 m F
C
C 2
B
L V C
(= L V B ´ 0 .5 )
L C D P o w e r S u p p ly
C 1
A
C h a rg e
P u m p
C 2
0 .1 m F
L V B
0 .1 m F
V
C
(= L V A ´ 1 /3 )
L V C
0 .1 m F
C
ty p e 1 /3 B ia s - M o d e 2
C Type Bias Voltage Levels
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
LCD Waveform Timing Diagrams
The accompanying timing diagrams depict the display driver signals generated by the microcontroller
for various values of duty and bias. The huge range of various permutations only permit a few types to
be displayed here.
D u r in g R e s e t o r L C D
O ff
V A
V B
C O M 0 , C O M 1 , C O M 2 , C O M 3
V C
A ll s e g m e n t o u tp u ts
N o r m a l O p e r a tio n M o d e
1 F ra m e
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
C O M 0
V C
V S S
V A
V B
C O M 1
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 2
V A
V B
C O M 3
V C
V S S
V A
V B
A ll s e g m e n ts O F F
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 0 s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 1 s e g m e n ts O N
V A
V B
C O M 2 s e g m e n ts O N
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 3 s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 , 1 s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 , 2 s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 , 3 s e g m e n ts O N
( o th e r c o m b in a tio n s a r e o m itte d )
V A
V B
A ll s e g m e n ts O N
V C
V S S
LCD Driver Output - Type A - 1/4 Duty, 1/3 Bias
Note:
1. LCD power supply mode 1, VA=LVB´1.5, VB=LVB and VC=LVB´1/2.
2. LCD power supply mode 2, VA=LVA, VB=LVA´2/3 and VC=LVA´1/3.
Rev. 1.00
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
D u r in g R e s e t o r L C D
O ff
V A
V B
C O M 0 , C O M 1 , C O M 2 , C O M 3
V C
A ll s e g m e n t o u tp u ts
1 F ra m e
N o r m a l O p e r a tio n M o d e
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
C O M 0
V C
V S S
V A
V B
C O M 1
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 2
C O M 3
V A
V B
A ll s e g m e n ts O F F
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 0 s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 1 s e g m e n ts O N
V A
V B
C O M 2 s e g m e n ts O N
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 3 s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 , 1 s e g m e n ts O N
V A
V B
C O M 0 , 2 s e g m e n ts O N
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
V S S
C O M 0 , 3 s e g m e n ts O N
( o th e r c o m b in a tio n s a r e o m itte d )
V A
V B
A ll s e g m e n ts O N
V C
V S S
LCD Driver Output - Type B - 1/4 Duty, 1/3 Bias
Note:
1. LCD power supply mode 1, VA=LVB´1.5, VB=LVB and VC=LVB´1/2.
2. LCD power supply mode 2, VA=LVA, VB=LVA´2/3 and VC=LVA´1/3.
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Programming Considerations
Certain precautions must be taken when programming the LCD. One of these is to ensure that the LCD
Memory is properly initialised after the microcontroller is powered on. Like the General Purpose Data
Memory, the contents of the LCD Memory are in an unknown condition after power-on. As the
contents of the LCD Memory will be mapped into the actual display, it is important to initialise this
memory area into a known condition soon after applying power to obtain a proper display pattern.
Consideration must also be given to the capacitive load of the actual LCD used in the application. As
the load presented to the microcontroller by LCD pixels can be generally modeled as mainly
capacitive in nature, it is important that this is not excessive, a point that is particularly true in the case
of the COM lines which may be connected to many LCD pixels. The accompanying diagram depicts
the equivalent circuit of the LCD.
One additional consideration that must be taken into account is what happens when the
microcontroller enters the HALT Mode. The LCDEN control bit in the LCDC register permits the
display to be powered off to reduce power consumption. If this bit is zero, the driving signals to the
display will cease, producing a blank display pattern but reducing any power consumption associated
with the LCD.
After Power-on, note that as the LCDEN bit will be cleared to zero, the display function will be
disabled.
S E G 0
S E G 1
S E G 2
S E G n
C O M 0
C O M 1
C O M 2
C O M n
LCD Panel Equivalent Circuit
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Application Circuits
LCD Application Mode 1
V
D D
V D D
C O M 0 ~ C O M 3
1 0 0 k W
0 .1 m F
R e s e t
C ir c u it
P A 0 /S E G 0 ~
P A 7 /S E G 7
S E G 8 ~ S E G 2 3
R E S
0 .1 m F
L V B
V S S
C 1
3 2 7 6 8 H z
L C D
P o w e r S o u rc e
C 1
0 .1 m F
C 2
X T 1
R 1
C 2
L C D
P a n e l
L V A
0 .1 m F
X T 2
P B 0 ~ P B 3
P B 4
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
/P F
/IN
/T C
/T C
T
L V C
0 .1 m F
D
0
1
P C 1 ~ P C 2
Rev. 1.00
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e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
LCD Application Mode 2
V
D D
V D D
C O M 0 ~ C O M 3
1 0 0 k W
0 .1 m F
R e s e t
C ir c u it
P A 0 /S E G 0 ~
P A 7 /S E G 7
S E G 8 ~ S E G 2 3
R E S
0 .1 m F
L V A
V S S
C 1
3 2 7 6 8 H z
L C D
P o w e r S o u rc e
C 1
0 .1 m F
C 2
X T 1
R 1
C 2
L C D
P a n e l
L V B
0 .1 m F
X T 2
P B 0 ~ P B 3
P B 4
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
/P F
/IN
/T C
/T C
T
L V C
0 .1 m F
D
0
1
P C 1 ~ P C 2
Note: The 28-pin package only provides LCD power supply mode 2 as the LVA pin is internally connected to VDD.
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Instruction Set
Introduction
Central to the successful operation of any microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of
program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case of
Holtek microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to enable
programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads.
For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several
functional groupings.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call,
or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4
system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions would be
implemented within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although
instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to the JMP, CALL, RET,
RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions which involve
manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement.
As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one
more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A².
For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip
operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved then only one cycle is required.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used operations.
Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to the
Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the
Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the input
ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of
most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of add
and subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be
taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less
than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC and DECA
provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the destination
specified.
Logical and Rotate Operations
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction within
the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving data
manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional programming
steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.
Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC
and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different rotate instructions
exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial port programming
applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from where it can be
examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application where rotate data operations
are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations.
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Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction or to
a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a subroutine call,
the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This
is done by placing a return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause the program to jump
back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the program
simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off
point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely useful set of branch
instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a
certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program will continue with
the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction. These instructions are the key
to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain
input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Bit Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all
Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where
individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET [m].i² or ²CLR [m].i²
instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit output
port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the port with
the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit
operation instructions are used.
Table Read Operations
Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts
of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data
Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program Memory to be
setup as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means
by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.
Other Operations
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as the
²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of the
Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic
environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections.
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Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and can
be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions.
Table conventions:
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Mnemonic
Description
Cycles Flag Affected
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1Note
1Note
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
1
1
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment Data Memory
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
1
1Note
1
1Note
Z
Z
Z
Z
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
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Mnemonic
Description
Cycles Flag Affected
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Jump unconditionally
Skip if Data Memory is zero
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1Note
1note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Read ROM code (locate by TBLP and TBHP) to data memory and TBLH
Read ROM code (current page) to data memory and TBLH
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
2Note
None
None
None
No operation
Clear Data Memory
Set Data Memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
1
None
None
None
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
None
TO, PDF
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Table Read
TABRDC [m](4)
TABRDC [m](5)
TABRDL [m]
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Note:
1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,
if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the
execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions
are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged.
4. ²TBHP option² is enabled by TBRC bit of SYSC register.
5. ²TBHP option² is disabled by TBRC bit of SYSC register.
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added.
The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added.
The result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Add immediate data to ACC
Description
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result
is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
AND A,x
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical
AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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CALL addr
Subroutine call
Description
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then
increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto
the stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution
from this new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m] ¬ 00H
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR WDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2
will have no effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1
will have no effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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CPL [m]
Complement Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement).
Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement).
Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented
result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
DAA [m]
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Description
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value
resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater
than 9 or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the
low nibble remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set,
then a value of 6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is
performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag
conditions. Only the C flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the
original BCD sum is greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 66H
Affected flag(s)
C
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
DECA [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
HALT
Enter power down mode
Description
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared.
The power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
Operation
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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INC [m]
Increment Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
INCA [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
JMP addr
Jump unconditionally
Description
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a
dummy instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,[m]
Move Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,x
Move immediate data to ACC
Description
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV [m],A
Move ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC
Affected flag(s)
None
NOP
No operation
Description
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
Operation
No operation
Affected flag(s)
None
OR A,[m]
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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OR A,x
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ORM A,[m]
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR
operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
RET
Return from subroutine
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
Affected flag(s)
None
RET A,x
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the
specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
RETI
Return from interrupt
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be
processed before returning to the main program.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
EMI ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory left
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into
bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
RLA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into
bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
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RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit
7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RLCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result
is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated
into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0
rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the
Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRC [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit.
Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
RRCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is
stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
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SBC A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are
subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if
the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result
is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are
subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if
the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result
is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0
the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0
the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SDZA [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0,
the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a
dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If
the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ FFH
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m].i
Set bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
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SIZ [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0,
the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0
the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SIZA [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0,
the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a
dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If
the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SNZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this
requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i ¹ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SUB A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C
flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to
1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUBM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C
flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to
1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Description
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag
will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
Rev. 1.00
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HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
SWAP [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
Operation
[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4
Affected flag(s)
None
SWAPA [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4
ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0
Description
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped.
As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is
fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the
following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZA [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is
zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is
not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDC [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP)
is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.00
69
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
TABRDC [m]
Move the ROM code (locate by TBLP and TBHP) to TBLH and data memory (ROM
code TBHP is enabled)
Description
The low byte of ROM code addressed by the table pointers (TBLP and TBHP) is moved
to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDL [m]
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
XOR A,[m]
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XORM A,[m]
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XOR A,x
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical
XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.00
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October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Package Information
Note that the package information provided here is for consultation purposes only. As this information
may be updated at regular intervals users are reminded to consult the Holtek website for the latest
version of the package information.
Additional supplementary information with regard to packaging is listed below. Click on the relevant
section to be transferred to the relevant website page.
Rev. 1.00
·
Further Package Information (include Outline Dimensions, Product Tape and Reel
Specifications)
·
Packing Meterials Information
·
Carton information
·
PB FREE Products
·
Green Packages Products
71
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
28-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
1 5
2 8
A
B
1
1 4
C
C '
G
H
D
E
Symbol
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Nom.
Max.
¾
0.236 BSC
¾
B
¾
0.154 BSC
¾
C
0.008
¾
0.012
C¢
¾
0.390 BSC
¾
D
¾
¾
0.069
E
¾
0.025 BSC
¾
F
0.004
¾
0.010
G
0.016
¾
0.050
H
0.004
¾
0.010
a
0°
¾
8°
A
Symbol
Rev. 1.00
a
F
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
¾
6.000 BSC
¾
B
¾
3.900 BSC
¾
C
0.20
¾
0.30
C¢
¾
9.900 BSC
¾
D
¾
¾
1.72
E
¾
0.635 BSC
¾
F
0.10
¾
0.25
G
0.41
¾
1.27
H
0.10
¾
0.25
a
0°
¾
8°
72
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
48-pin LQFP (7mm´7mm) Outline Dimensions
C
H
D
3 6
G
2 5
I
3 7
2 4
F
A
B
E
4 8
1 3
K
a
J
1
Symbol
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
¾
0.354 BSC
¾
¾
B
¾
0.276 BSC
C
¾
0.354 BSC
¾
D
¾
0.276 BSC
¾
E
¾
0.020 BSC
¾
F
0.007
0.009
0.011
G
0.053
0.055
0.057
H
¾
¾
0.063
I
0.002
¾
0.006
J
0.018
0.024
0.030
K
0.004
¾
0.008
a
0°
¾
7°
Symbol
Rev. 1.00
1 2
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
¾
9.0 BSC
¾
¾
B
¾
7.0 BSC
C
¾
9.0 BSC
¾
D
¾
7.0 BSC
¾
E
¾
0.5 BSC
¾
F
0.17
0.22
0.27
G
1.35
1.40
1.45
H
¾
¾
1.60
I
0.05
¾
0.15
J
0.45
0.60
0.75
K
0.09
¾
0.20
a
0°
¾
7°
73
October 31, 2013
HT82R732
e-Banking 8-Bit OTP MCU
Copyright Ó 2013 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and
Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a
risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use
as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its
products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web
site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.00
74
October 31, 2013