Flat panel sensor C10900D Four selectable scan modes Photodiode area: 124.8 × 124.8 mm The C10900D is a flat panel sensor developed for CT and panoramic imaging. It operates in 4 selectable scan modes to capture X-ray images: “Fast mode” and “Partial mode” with a pixel size of 200 × 200 μm, and “Fine mode” and “Panoramic mode” with a pixel size of 100 × 100 μm. A single C10900D serves as the X-ray sensor for both CT and panoramic imaging. Features Applications Four selectable scan modes with different number of active pixels and pixel sizes Cone beam CT Digital radiography, etc. High-speed imaging: 280 frames/s (Panoramic mode) High sensitivity: 6000 LSB/mR Wide dynamic range Active area: Approx. 12 × 12 cm (1248 × 1248 pixels) 13-bit digital output (Fast mode, Partial mode) For assembly into equipment (supplied without case) Structure (Fast mode) The C10900D is comprised of a sensor board and a control board. Mounted on the sensor board is a CMOS image sensor chip made up of a twodimensional photodiode array, row-scanning vertical shift register, and 8 charge amplifier arrays. Each charge amplifier array has a horizontal shift register and consists of 78 ch charge amplifiers with CDS circuit. CsI scintillator is directly deposited on the two-dimensional photodiode array. X-rays incident on the scintillator are converted to fluorescence, which then enters the two-dimensional photodiode array where electric charge is accumulated in each pixel according to the light intensity. The accumulated charge on each row is sequentially selected by the row-scanning vertical shift register, transferred to the amplifiers through the data line, and converted to a voltage signal. Then an analog signal is sent out from each amplifier array by scanning the horizontal shift register. The control board converts the analog signal into a 13-bit digital signal, which is then sent to a frame grabber board as a 13-bit parallel output through one port. This product is bare board type for installation into equipment and is not covered with a metal shielded case. See “Notice” for details on EMC. D) Sensor board Pixel number 1 2 623 625 1247 1248 Vertical shift register 624 Photodiode array with directly deposited CsI scintillator 389375 Charge amp array No. 1 (with horizontal shift register, 78 ch) 389376 External power supply A.vdd, D.vdd (not attached) IntExt Reso Scan IntExt Reso Scan IO IO IO Grb Grb Grb Timing pulse generator Charge amp array No. 8 (with horizontal shift register, 78 ch) Oscillator ExtTrgIO ExtTrgGrb Vsync Hsync Pclk Bias generator Buffer amp Processing amp A/D FIFO Buffer amp Processing amp A/D FIFO Video output (13-bit digital) Control board Note: Signals are read out in order of pixel number. KACCC0487EA www.hamamatsu.com 1 Flat panel sensor C10900D Selectable scan modes Four scan modes are available with different number of active pixels and pixel sizes. Active area for each scan mode Fast mode, Fine mode Partial mode Panoramic mode (1215, 1231) (607, 615) Fast mode: (607, 615) Fine mode: (1215, 1231) (607, 462) (1215, 651) Number of active pixels Fast mode: 608 × 616 (200 × 200 µm/pixel) Fine mode: 1216 × 1232 (100 × 100 µm/pixel) Number of active pixels 608 × 310 (200 × 200 µm/pixel) Number of active pixels: 1216 × 72 (100 × 100 µm/pixel) (0, 580) (0, 0) (0, 153) (0, 0) (0, 0) KACCC0483EA General ratings Parameter Pixel size Photodiode area Number of pixels (H × V) Active area Number of active pixels (H × V) Readout Video output (Data1-13) Output data rate Synchronous signal (Vsync, Hsync, Pclk) ExtTrgGrb, IntExtGrb, ResoGrb, ScanGrb, ExtTrgIO, IntExtIO, ResoIO, ScanIO Scintillator Fast mode 200 × 200 Partial mode Fine mode Panoramic mode 200 × 200 100 × 100 100 × 100 124.8 × 124.8 624 × 624 1248 × 1248 121.6 × 123.2 121.6 × 62.0 121.6 × 123.2 121.6 × 7.2 608 × 616 608 × 310 1216 × 1232 1216 × 72 Charge amplifier array LVDS (differential) 13-bit LVDS (differential) 12-bit 17.68 17.68 35.35 35.35 LVDS (differential) Unit μm mm pixels mm pixels MHz - TTL - Directly deposited CsI - Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25 °C) Parameter Supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 V) Supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 V) Input voltage (ExtTrgGrb, IntExtGrb, ResoGrb, ScanGrb, ExtTrgIO, IntExtIO, ResoIO, ScanIO) Operating temperature *1 Storage temperature *1 Incident X-ray energy Symbol D.vdd A.vdd Value +6.0 +6.0 Unit V V Vin 0 to 6.0 V Topr Tstg - 0 to +40 -10 to +60 90 °C °C kVp *1: No condensation 2 Flat panel sensor C10900D Specifications (Typ. Ta=25 °C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V) Fast mode Frame rate Parameter Symbol Sf(int) Min. 33.2 Noise (rms) *2 N(rms) - Csat S Reso - 4800 2 - Frame rate Symbol Sf(int) Min. 66.5 Noise (rms) *2 N(rms) - Csat S Reso - 4800 2 - Frame rate Symbol Sf(int) Min. 16.1 Noise (rms) *2 N(rms) - Csat S Reso - 2800 3.6 - Frame rate Symbol Sf(int) Min. 266 Noise (rms) *2 N(rms) - Csat S Reso - 2800 3.6 - Saturation charge Sensitivity *3 Resolution *4 Dynamic range Typ. 35 2900 (2.3 LSB) 10.5 6000 2.5 3600 Max. - Unit frames/s - electrons - M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm - Typ. 70 2900 (2.3 LSB) 10.5 6000 2.5 3600 Max. - Unit frames/s - electrons - M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm - Typ. 17 1300 (2.4 LSB) 2.3 3500 4.5 1700 Max. - Unit frames/s - electrons - M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm - Typ. 280 1300 (2.4 LSB) 2.3 3500 4.5 1700 Max. - Unit frames/s - electrons - M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm - Partial mode Parameter Saturation charge Sensitivity *3 Resolution *4 Dynamic range Fine mode Parameter Saturation charge Sensitivity *3 Resolution *4 Dynamic range Panoramic mode Saturation charge Sensitivity *3 Resolution *4 Dynamic range *2: Internal trigger mode *3: At 80 kVp, acrylic filter 170 mm *4: Spatial frequency at CTF=5 % Note: X-ray energy range is 20 k to 90 kVp. Resolution (Ta=25 °C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V) 100 90 80 70 CTF (%) Parameter 60 Fine mode Panoramic mode 50 40 Fast mode Partial mode 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Spatial frequency (line pairs/mm) KACCB0204EA 3 Flat panel sensor C10900D Other specifications (Fine mode, Typ. Ta=25 °C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V) Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Defect line *5 8 lines 600 μm Blemish *6 4 % Non-uniformity of sensitivity *6 Defect cluster *6 Not allowed 120 % Bright line output adjacent to a defect line *6 65 200 LSB Output offset *7 *5: A defect line is a horizontal or vertical line containing 4 or more cosecutive pixels located, that produce 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. Adjacent defective lines are not allowed in the vertical or horizontal directions. *6: See P. 9, “Description of terms (Fine mode)” *7: Average of all effective pixels in single operation at Sf(int) Timing chart Internal trigger mode To acquire images through a frame grabber board, write parameters in the software program or parameter file by referring to the following timing chart and description. 1 frame (Tvc) Dummy lines Vsync+ (grabber) 1st row 2nd row Tvdpw He 1st row 2nd row Last row All pulses are counted in the “High” period of Hsync+. Hsync+ (grabber) Enlarged view Vsync+ (grabber) 1st row 2nd row Hsync+ (grabber) Phe Pg Phe Phd Phe Phd Pclk+ (grabber) All pulses are counted at the riging edge of Pclk+. The effective video output is only included in the “Phe” period. Hsync+ are output continuously while Vsync+ is low. KACCC0361EC Parameters Fast mode 0 He 616 8 8 Phe 608 8 Phd 177 Pg 157 Note: “He” is the Hsync count. Phe, Phd and Pg are the Pclk count. Dummy line Effective line Dummy line Dummy pixel Effective pixel Dummy pixel Partial mode 0 310 0 8 608 8 177 157 Fine mode 0 1232 16 16 1216 16 354 311 Panoramic mode 0 72 0 16 1216 16 354 346 4 Flat panel sensor C10900D External trigger mode To acquire images in external trigger mode, input an external trigger pulse as shown below. When the time Tvd has passed after the rising edge of the external trigger pulse, synchronous signals and video signals are obtained. When used in synchronization with a pulsed X-ray source, X-rays should be irradiated during the Txray period. Frame time (Tvc to Tmax) Recommendation: 50 % of frame time ExtTrgIO ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Tvd Tvc - Tvdpw Txray Tvl Vsync+ (LVDS) Hsync+, Pclk+ and effective video output are the same as internal trigger mode. · Tmax is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum value of Sf (ext). · Txray = Frame time - Tvd - (Tvc - Tvdpw) · Tvl = Frame time - (Tvc - Tvdpw) KACCC0489EA (Typ.) Parameter Delay time (only external trigger mode) Vsync Cycle time (internal trigger mode) Pulse width of Vsync+ in low period (internal trigger mode) Symbol Tvd Tvc Tvdpw Fast mode 83 28.5 170 Partial mode 110 14.2 120 Fine mode 81 56.7 170 Panoramic mode 140 3.56 290 Unit μs ms μs Note: The numbers of significant figures is two. (except Tvc) To operate the sensor in external trigger mode, set the frame rate in the range shown below. Frame rate range in external trigger mode Scan mode Fast mode Partial mode Fine mode Panoramic mode Frame rate: Sf(ext) Unit Sf(int) to 10 frames/s Sf(int) to 50 frames/s Trigger mode selection Setting via 40-pin receptacle Mode Internal trigger mode External trigger mode Pin No. A17 (ExtTrgGrb) (Input signal is ignored) Rectangular signal (See the above figure.) Pin No. B17 (IntExtGrb) Low High When selecting the trigger mode via the 40-pin receptacle, do no connect to the external I/O connector. Setting via external I/O connector Operating mode Internal trigger mode External trigger mode External I/O connector pin No. Pin No. 1 (IntExtIO) Pin No. 2 (ExtTrgIO) Low (Input signal is ignored) Rectangular signal High (See the above figure.) 40-pin receptacle pin No. Pin No. A17 (ExtTrgGrb), Pin No. B17 (IntExtGrb) High or Open 5 Flat panel sensor C10900D Scan mode selection Setting via 40-pin receptacle Scan mode Fast mode Partial mode Fine mode Panoramic mode Pixel size Pin No. A15 (ResoGrb) 200 μm High 100 μm Low Pin No. A16 (ScanGrb) High Low High Low When selecting the scan mode via the 40-pin receptacle, do not connect to the external I/O connector. Setting via external I/O connector Scan mode Fast mode Partial mode Fine mode Panoramic mode Pixel size 200 μm 100 μm External I/O connector pin No. No. 3 (ResoIO) No. 4 (ScanIO) High High Low High Low Low 40-pin receptacle pin No. Pin No. A15 (ResoGrb) Pin No. A16 (ScanGrb) High or Open System requirements To operate the C10900D at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required. PC: Prepare a PC that meets the specifications of the frame grabber board while taking the required image processing capability into account. O Frame grabber board: Monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 15.15 MHz or more, LVDS interface synchronous signal O Power source: A.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (900 mA), D.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (350 mA) · The voltages described above are specified at the flat panel sensor side. · Please use a low noise series power supply. (Avoid using a switching power supply.) · Install a noise filter on the AC power input line to prevent surges on the AC line. · Always ground the fixing plate to avoid the effects of noise from peripheral devices. The power cable, frame grabber board cable, earth cable, image acquisition software, and image processing libraries are excluded from the flat panel sensor. O 6 Flat panel sensor C10900D Pin assignment of 40-pin receptacle Pin No. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 Signal Data1+ (LSB) Data2+ Data3+ Data4+ Data5+ Data6+ Data7+ Data8+ Data9+ Data10+ Data11+ Data12+ Data13+ (MSB) Reserved ResoGrb (TTL) ScanGrb (TTL) ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Vsync+ Hsync+ Pclk+ Pin No. B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 Signal Data1- (LSB) Data2Data3Data4Data5Data6Data7Data8Data9Data10Data11Data12Data13- (MSB) Reserved GND GND IntExtGrb (TTL) VsyncHsyncPclk- Unless otherwise noted, signal level is LVDS. 40-pin receptacle: 8931E-040-178LF (KEL Corporation) Mating plug: 8925R-040-179F (KEL Corporation) Pins described “Reserved” are prepared for an extention of the future. Do not connect any signal or power or GND to this plug. Pin assignment of external I/O connector Pin No. signal 1 IntExtIO (TTL) 2 ExtTrgIO (TTL) 3 ResoIO (TTL) 4 ScanIO (TTL) 5 6 7 8 Reserved Reserved Reserved Digital GND Setting Low High Low High Low High - Function Internal trigger mode External trigger mode Trigger signal Input under the external mode Pixel size: 100 × 100 μm Pixel size: 200 × 200 μm Panoramic mode/Partial mode Fine mode/Fast mode Digital GND 8-pin receptacle 53048-0810 mode by Molex Japan Co., Ltd. Matins plug 51021-0800 made by Molex Japan Co., Ltd. Power pin assignment Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 Signal Digital GND Digital +5 V Analog GND Analog +5 V Shield (Analog GND) Power plug: 53259-0529 (Molex Japan Co., Ltd.) Power receptacle: 51067-0500 (Molex Japan Co., Ltd.) 7 Flat panel sensor C10900D Connection example Install the frame grabber board into the PC by the manufacture’s instructions. When a general-purpose frame grabber board with I/O control is used, the trigger mode can be set by controlling IntExtGrb and ExtTrgGrb through the I/O line. The scan mode can be set by controlling ResoGrb and ScanGrb. The trigger mode can also be set by controlling IntExtIO and ExtTrgIO via the external I/O connector. The scan mode can be set by controlling ResoIO and ScanIO. OS + image acquisition software Video output (12-bit/13-bit digital) Vsync, Hsync, Pclk Frame grabber board PC/AT (Rear view) Monitor IntExtGrb ExtTrgGrb ResoGrb ScanGrb C10900D X-ray source IntExtIO ExtTrgIO ResoIO ScanIO Object Voltage source (A.vdd, D.vdd) KACCC0482EA Dimensional outline (unit: mm, tolerance: ±1 mm unless otherwise noted) 18.3 10 0.6 33.7 3.5 6.6 35 3.5 4.1 10 10 8 Active area 121.6 31 60 12.7 26 16 3 43.3 Photodiode area 124.8 73.8 31.5 3 Scintillator to top cover 2.5 4 7 13.5 22 14 48 185 177 Active area 123.2 * 36.5 40.3 14 11 3 7 4 168 Photodiode area 124.8 The cover is made of carbon fiber (0.4 mm tickness) Weight: 1.2 kg KACCA0 * Fast mode / Fine mode KACCA0254ED 8 Flat panel sensor C10900D Description of terms (Fine mode) Blemish Length of pixel cluster which has less than 90 % of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. Bright line output adjacent to a defect line Column A B C D E F G H I The relative sensitivity ratio “a/b” should be 120 % or less for both vertical and horizontal lines, where “a” and “b” are defined as follows: a: Average sensitivity of bright line (Line A) adjacent to defect line b: Average sensitivity of standard line (Line B) adjacent to Line A Row Note that the average sensitivity of the bright line is calculated from the region adjacent to the defect region in the defect line. Example: See the right figure Defect region in defect line: From pixel (J, 1) to pixel (J, 15) a: Average sensitivity from pixel (I, 1) to pixel (I, 15) or from pixel (K, 1) to pixel (K, 15) b: Average sensitivity from pixel (H, 1) to pixel (H, 15) or from pixel (L, 1) to pixel (L, 15) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 J K L M N O P Q R S Line B (Column H, L) Line A (Column I, K) Defect line (Column J) KACCC0385EB Defect cluster Formed with more than 3 × 3 pixels which have less than 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. This is defined as defect cluster. Normal pixel This is not defined as defect cluster. Defective pixel KACCC0384EB Non-uniformity of sensitivity 16 × 16 segments are 16 × 16-divided active area excluded 1 mm from the whole edge. Xij is defined as the average sensitivity of each segment. Uniformity of sensitivity is calculated as following equation. Non-unifomity of sensitivity = σ x σ: standard deviation of 16 × 16 “Xij” x : average value of 16 × 16 “Xij” 10 75 pixels 71 pixels pixels 1 mm 10 75 pixels 75 pixels pixels 10 pixels 75 pixels 75 pixels ··········· 10 pixels 75 pixels 75 pixels Active area ··········· ··········· 16 segments 16 segments ··········· 1 mm ··········· 1 mm 1 mm Active area KACCC0407EA 9 Flat panel sensor C10900D Notice · Do not subject the flat panel sensors to strong vibration or shock (Strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent damage to these sensors). · Users must take responsibility for implementing X-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of X-ray exposure. · Data listed in this datasheet was measured at the time of shipment. Characteristics may vary somewhat due to exposure to X-rays so take proper countermeasures such as making periodic image correction. · This product is warranted for a period of 12 months after the date of the shipment. The warranty is limited to replacement or repair of any defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture. The warranty does not cover loss or damage caused by natural disaster, misuse (including modifications and any use not complying with the environment, application, usage and storage conditions described in this datasheet), or total radiation dose over 25000 Roentgen (incident X-ray energy: less than 90 kVp) even within the warranty period. · This product is bare board type for installation into equipment and is not covered with a metal shielded case. When designing an equipment, implement EMC measures such as providing electromagnetic shielding on this product and the connection cables. Information described in this material is current as of August, 2014. Product specifications are subject to change without prior notice due to improvements or other reasons. This document has been carefully prepared and the information contained is believed to be accurate. In rare cases, however, there may be inaccuracies such as text errors. Before using these products, always contact us for the delivery specification sheet to check the latest specifications. Type numbers of products listed in the delivery specification sheets or supplied as samples may have a suffix "(X)" which means preliminary specifications or a suffix "(Z)" which means developmental specifications. The product warranty is valid for one year after delivery and is limited to product repair or replacement for defects discovered and reported to us within that one year period. However, even if within the warranty period we accept absolutely no liability for any loss caused by natural disasters or improper product use. Copying or reprinting the contents described in this material in whole or in part is prohibited without our prior permission. www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, Fax: (81) 53-434-5184 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 8152-375-0, Fax: (49) 8152-265-8 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Torshamnsgatan 35 16440 Kista, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.r.l.: Strada della Moia, 1 int. 6, 20020 Arese (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-93581733, Fax: (39) 02-93581741 China: Hamamatsu Photonics (China) Co., Ltd.: B1201, Jiaming Center, No.27 Dongsanhuan Beilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China, Telephone: (86) 10-6586-6006, Fax: (86) 10-6586-2866 Cat. No. KACC1167E07 Aug. 2014 DN 10