DcXSTZX\Ta ]U
ET`[TbXRPZZg MTPZTS LTZPg
A5 ATUX\XbX]\ ]U ET`[TbXRPZZg MTPZTS LTZPg P\S Cc\RbX]\
65 ATUX\XbX]\ ]U WT`[TbXRPZZg aTPZTS `TZPg P\S RZPaaXUXRPbX]\
Tbi^v fp ^ hfka lc `ljmlkbkq2 tef`e `^k molar`b p`ebariba ptfq`efkd fk lkb lo pbsbo^i bib`qof` lrqmrq `fo`rfqp2
tebk qeb fkmrq s^irb / bu`fq^qflk s^irb0 jbbqp `boq^fk mobp`of_ba `lkafqflkp4
Gib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v fp ^ hfka lc bib`qof` obi^v qe^q lmbo^qbp _v qeb j^dkbqfpj molar`ba _v qeb fkmrq `roobkq
mrq ql qeb folk `lob ^ka ^oj^qrob4 Kkpfab qeb obi^v2 fkmrq m^oq fp ^k bib`qolj^dkbqf` `lfi qe^q `^k molar`b
j^dkbqfpj2 lrqmrq m^oq fp ^ dolrm lc ptfq`e `lkq^`qp qe^q `lkqoli qeb `lkqoliiba `fo`rfq - lk . lo - lcc .4
Ei^ppfcf`^qflk lc qeb `ljjlk bib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^vp@
C4 BZTRb`][PV\TbXR `TZPg A@> Veb `lkqoli `roobkq fp afob`q `roobkq4
D4 BZTRb`][PV\TbXR `TZPg ?@> Veb `lkqoli `roobkq fp ^iqbok^qfkd `roobkq4
E4 HPV\TbXR ZPbRWX\V `TZPg> Wpfkd mboj^kbkq j^dkbq ql hbbm qeb lrqmrq `fo`rfq -lk. lo -lcc . tebk qeb
`lkqoli `roobkq lc qeb fkmrq `fo`rfq fp lcc4
F4 EXVW U`T_cT\Rg `TZPg> Veb bib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v fp rpba fk ptfq`efkd qeb efde cobnrbk`v2 o^afl3cobnrbk`v
`fo`rfq2 tef`e e^p ^ jfkfjrj ilpp lc mltbo4
Kk Eefk^ jfifq^ov obi^v pq^ka^oa ILD76:8 /OKN3T3;=;=0 }61/;:97-381;5/ +16-> 3181:-6 |:5;1:598{ qeb pb^ifkd
jlabip lc bib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v ^ob afsfaba fkql ebojbqf`^i pb^ifkd ^ka klk3ebojbqf`^i pb^ifkd4
Jbojbqf`^i Ub^ifkd fp ql pb^i ^ obi^v fkql ^ jbq^i `lsbo _v jbiq tbiafkd ql bkprob qeb pj^ii o^qb lc d^p ib^h^db4
Ploj^iiv2 fq fp qeb pb^ifkd _bqtbbk jbq^i ^ka jbq^i2 jbq^i ^ka mlqqbov2 jbq^i ^ka di^pp4 Gib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v
pb^iba fk qefp jbqela fp qeb pl3`^iiba Jbojbqf`^iiv Ub^iba Tbi^v4
75 ?^^ZXRPbX]\ ]U WT`[TbXRPZZg aTPZTS `TZPg
Tbi^v fp ^ hfka lc pmb`f^i `lkqoliifkd `ljmlkbkq2 tef`e fp tfabiv rpba fk objlqb `lkqoli2 objlqb jb^profkd2
qbib`lj2 ^rqlj^qf` `lkqoli2 fkqbdo^qflk lc j^`efkbov ^ka bib`qofcf`^qflk2 bib`qof` ^ka bib`qolkf` bnrfmjbkqp4
Ibkbo^iiv2 obi^v j^fkiv e^p qeb cliiltfkd crk`qflkp@
C4 N] T\ZP`VT bWT `P\VT ]U R]\b`]Z5 G4d42 tebk qeb fkmrq s^irb lc ^ obi^v ob^`ebp ^ `boq^fk s^irb2 qeolrde
qeb afccbobkq clojp lc qeb `lkq^`qp2 fq `^k pvk`eolklrpiv `e^kdb lsbo2 `ilpb lo lmbk pbsbo^i `fo`rfqp4
D4 B\ZP`VT[T\b5 G4d42 pbkpfqfsb obi^vp ^ka jbafrj obi^vp `^k `lkqoli ^ efde3mltbo /qbkp lo erkaobap lc
fkmrq mltbo0 `fo`rfq tfqe qfkv `lkqoliifkd mltbo4
E4 N] X\bTV`PbT aXV\PZa5 G4d42 tebk pbsbo^i `lkqoliifkd pfdk^ip ^ob mrq fkql jriqf3tfkafkd obi^v fk qeb pq^qba
cloj2 qeb obi^v `^k ob^ifwb qeb bumb`q^kq `lkqoliifkd crk`qflk _v ^k^ivwfkd qeb afccbobkq pfdk^ip4
F4 ?cb][PbXhPbX]\3 `T[]bT R]\b`]Z P\S []\Xb]`X\V5 G4d42 fk ^rqlj^qf` bnrfmjbkqp2 qeb obi^vp ^ka lqebo
`ljmlkbkqp `^k `lkpqfqrqb moldo^j3`lkqoliiba `fo`rfq2 ob^ifwfkd qeb ^rqlj^qf` lmbo^qflk4
Veb obi^v lod^k fp pb^iba fk ^ jbq^i `lsbo lc ebojbqf` bib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v2 pl qeb obi^v fp cobb lc qeb fjm^`q
lc ^j_fbkq `lkafqflkp pr`e ^p qeb e^ojcri d^p2 erjfafqv2 arpq bq`A efde mrob P8 d^p cfiiba fk qeb obi^v `^k molqb`q
qeb `lkq^`q bccb`qfsbiv 2 fjmolsb qeb mbocloj^k`b lc ^o` buqfkdrfpefkd2 eb^q afppfm^qb ^ka fkpri^qflk2 afbib`qof`
pqobkdqe bq`4A jlob lsbo2 qeb pqor`qrob fkqbkpfqv l_sflrpiv fk`ob^pbp2 pel`h obpfpq^k`b lo sf_o^qflk obpfpq^k`b
fjmolsbp4
788
Vebobclob2 qeb obif^_fifqv lc qeb ebojbqf` obi^v fp efdebo qe^k qeb klk3ebojbqf` obi^vp2 qebv `^k _brpba fk e^oa
`ifj^qbp ^ka avk^jf` `lkafqflkp4
B@ HPX\ NTRW\XRPZ F\STf ]U ET`[TbXRPZZg MTPZTS LTZPg
65 @]\SXbX]\a ]U P^^ZXRPbXdT P[QXT\b
656 @ZX[PbT R]\SXbX]\a
65656 NT[^T`Pbc`T ]U P^^ZXRPbXdT P[QXT\b
Cmmif`^qflk qbjmbo^qrob e^p cliiltfkd fkcirbk`bp rmlk qeb obi^v@
C4 Veb `lfi obpfpq^k`b `lria _b fk`ob^pba ^``loafkd tfqe qeb ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob2 tef`e ib^ap ql qeb fkmrq
mltbo ab`ob^pba2 pl qeb mf`h3rm sliq^db s^irb fk`ob^pba ^ _fq4 Kk qeb p^jb mofk`fmib2 qeb aolm lrq sliq^db
tlria _b ab`ob^pba ^ ifqqib fk qeb ilt qbjmbo^qrob4 Kq rkabo efde qbjmbo^qrob tfii e^sb fkcirbk`b lk qeb
obi^v lmbo^qflk molmboiv4
D4 Cp qeb qbjmbo^qrob ofpbp2 qeb ^o` buqfk`qflk _b`ljbp afccf`riq2 qeb ptfq`efkd ^_fifqv lc qeb `lkq^`q ab`ifkbp4
E4 Veb qbjmbo^qrob ofpfkd fk`ob^pbp qeb ^dfkd lc qeb fkpri^qflk j^qbof^i ^ka qeb lufa^qflk lc qeb jbq^i m^oqpA
qbjmbo^qrob ofpfkd pmbbap qeb obib^pb lc lod^kf` d^p2 fk`ob^pbp qeb clojfkd lc `lkq^`q proc^`b obpfpq^k`b2
fk m^oqf`ri^o2 fq ^ccb`qp qeb `lkq^`q obif^_fifqv afob`qiv rkabo qeb ilt bib`qof` ibsbi ^ka jbafrj `roobkqA fk
ilt qbjmbo^qrob2 qeb `lkq^`q proc^`b colpqp fc qeb obi^v lo qeb fkkbo d^p jlfpqrob bu`bbap qeb pq^ka^oa2
qebk ^ccb`qp qeb lc qeb `lkq^`qA fk ilt qbjmbo^qrob2 qeb lc qeb Vfk ^ccb`qp qeb ebojbqfw^qflk lc qeb Vfk3
pb^ifkd obi^v4
Eefk^ jfifq^ov pq^ka^oa mobp`of_bp qeb lmbo^qb qbjmbo^qrob o^kdb do^abp4 Ubb V^_ib 7@
NPQZT 6> NWT ]^T`PbT bT[^T`Pbc`T `P\VT V`PSTa
ILD76:8
/OKN3T3;=;=0
ILD<;D
/OKN3T9?67<0
Io^ab
Vbjm4 o^kdb
Vbjm4 o^kdb
C
3;;
D
ql >;
3<;
3<;
ql 78;
ql 78;
Qro efde3qbjmbo^qrob qvmb lc JH?979 ^ka JH?777 `^k jbbq qeb ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob lc 3<;
ql7>6 4
65657 G]e PX` ^`Taac`T
Veb afbib`qof` pqobkdqe lc qeb obi^v tfii aolm l_sflrpiv rkabo ilt ^fo mobpprobA qeb `lkq^`q ^_fifqv clo qeb klk3
ebojbqf` obi^v aolmp4
657 Ag\P[XR R]\SXbX]\a
Veb avk^jf` `lkafqflkp lc qeb obi^v ^ob sf_o^qflk2 pel`h2 ^ka ^``bibo^qflk bq`4 Veb pqor`qrob lc `lkq^`q . pmofkd
lc bib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v fp `^kqfibsbo pvpqbj2 e^p ^ ilt fkebob cobnrbk`v4 Tbplk^k`b tfii l``ro rkabo qeb fkcirbk`b
lc ^j_fbkq sf_o^qflk qe^q fp kb^o lo ob^`efkd qeb fkebob cobnrbk`v2 qebk qeb `lkq^`q mobpprob tfii aolm ^ka qo^kpfbkq
lcc3pq^qb tfii l``ro2 qe^q fp qeb pe^hb tfii l``ro4 Ols^_ib ^oj^qrob tfii jlsb arb ql qeb lsbo3bkbodfwfkd lc sf_o^qflk2
pel`h ^``bibo^qflk2 ^ka `^rpb rkc^slo^_ib `lkq^`q lo lcc lk qeb `lkq^`q4 Rboflaf`^i ^`qfkd clo`b tfii `^rpb pqor`qrob
a^j^db2 c^ii2 ^ka qebk `^rpb c^firob4 Veb obj^fkfkd illpfkd m^oqf`ibp /_roo aolm3lrq2 pliabo pbafjbkq2 j^qbof^i
`orj_p0 tfii aolm fkql qeb `lkq^`q d^m lo qrokfkd prmmloqfkd rkabo qeb fkcirbk`b lc sf_o^qflk ^ka pel`h2 ^ka `^rpb
pboflrp qolr_ib4 Xf_o^qflk do^abp mobp`of_ba fk Eefk^ Ofifq^ov Uq^ka^oa obcbop ql V^_ib 84
ILD<;C /OKN3T39?67<0 mobp`of_bp qe^q qeb obi^v pelria _b ^_ib ql bkarob qeb o^kalj sf_o^qflk@ ^``bibo^qflk
8 8
8
abkpfqv :6/j5p 0 5Jw ^``bibo^qflk s^irb89?47j5p 4
789
NPQZT 7> LTZPg aX\ca]XSPZ dXQ`PbX]\ V`PSTa
ILD76:8 /OKN3T3;=;=0
ILD<;D /OKN3T9?67<0
Uvj_li O^u4 ^``bibo^qflk Hobnrbk`v o^kdb O^u4 ^``bibo^qflk Hobnrbk`v o^kdb
s^irb
Jw
s^irb
Jw
7
74;jj FC
76 ql ;;
8
?>j5p8 /76d0
76 ql ;66
8
9
7:=j5p /7;d0
76 ql 8666
:
7?<j5p8 /86d0
76 ql 8666
;
8
8?:j5p /96d0
8?:j5p8/96d0
76 ql 9666
76 ql 9666
Uel`h do^abp mobp`of_ba fk Eefk^ Ofifq^ov Uq^ka^oa obcbop ql V^_ib 94 Wkabo qeb fkcirbk`b lc qeb sf_o^qflk ^ka
pel`h2 qeb lcc3pq^qb qfjb lc qeb `ilpb `lkq^`q pelria _b 76|p j^u2 lk3pq^qb qfjb lc lmbk `lkq^`q pelria _b 76|p
j^u ^``loafkd ql ILD76:8 /OKN3T3;=;=02 ^ka pelria _b 7|p ^``loafkd ql ILD<;D /OKN3T39?67<04
NPQZT 8> LTZPg aW]RY V`PSTa
Uvj_li
Uel`h do^abp /C``loafkd ql ILD9<6C /OKN3T39?67<0 0
7
:?6j5p8 /;6d0 /Vbpq `lkafqflk C0
8
=9;j5p8 /=;d0 /Vbpq `lkafqflk D0
9
?>6j5p8 /766d0 /Vbpq `lkafqflk E0
75 LT_cTaba ]U ^WgaXRPZ ^P`P[TbT`a
Dbpfabp qeb dbkbo^i `lkcfdro^qflk mevpf`^i obnrbpqp pr`e ^p `lkcfdro^qflk sbopflk2 lrqifkb2 afjbkpflk2 jlrkqfkd2
qbojfk^qflk2 tbfdeq bq`42 qeb ebojbqf`^i mbocloj^k`b `e^o^`qbofwba _v qeb d^p ib^h^db o^qb fp lkb lc qeb fjmloq^kq
qb`ekf`^i fkabubp lc ebojbqf` obi^v4 Kk ^aafqflk ql mobsbkqfkd qeb mliirqflk lc arpq2 e^ojcri d^p ^ka jlfpqrob fk
qeb ^fo2 _bfkd prfq^_ib clo ilkd qfjb pqlo^db2 fjmolsfkd qeb ^a^mq^_fifqv ^ka obif^_fifqv lc qeb obi^v fk e^oa `ifj^qb
`lkafqflkp2 qeb ebojbqf`^i mbocloj^k`b lc qeb obi^v e^p jlob fjmloq^kq crk`qflkp fk efde3s^`rrj `lkafqflkp lc
qeb pm^`b ^ob^4 Kc qeb ebojbqf` c^firob lo ib^h^db fp sbov pboflrp2 qeb obi^v o^af^qfkd tfii _b`ljb afccf`riq2 qeb
qbjmbo^qrob lc qeb `lfi tfii ofpb efde2 ib^afkd ql qeb `e^kdb lc lmbo^qb ^ka obib^pb m^o^jbqbop2 bsbk mobsbkqp
qeb obi^v colj tlohfkd kloj^iivA o^af^qfkd afccf`riqv ^ipl `^rpbp qeb qbjmbo^qrob ofpb lc `lkq^`q ^ka qeb obar`b
lc qeb `lkq^`q _ob^hfkd `^m^`fqvA qeb aolm lc ^fo mobpprob `^rpbp qeb aolm lc afbib`qof` pqobkdqeA fq ^ipl j^hbp
qeb `lkq^`q ^o` buqfk`qflk afccf`riqA rkabo s^`rrj `lkafqflkp2 qeb bs^mlo^qflk ^ka afpmbopflk lc lod^kf` pr_pq^k`b
ib^a ql qeb `lkq^`q `lkq^jfk^qflk4
Veb `ljjlk pb^ifkd jbqelap ^ob crpflk tbiafkd ^ka Vfk3tbiafkd4 Veb crpflk tbiafkd `^k _b afsfaba fkql i^pbo
crpflk tbiafkd2 bib`qolk _b^j crpflk tbiafkd2 obpfpq^k`b crpflk tbiafkd bq`4 crpflk tbiafkd fp qeb afob`q tbiafkd
lc qtl jbq^i tbiaba mfb`b j^qofubp2 tefib qeb Vfk3tbiafkd rpbp Vfk ql pb^i qeb qtl jbq^i tbiaba mfb`bp4 Q_sflrpiv2
qeb crpflk tbiafkd fp _bqqbo qe^k qeb Vfk3tbiafkd fk qbojp lc ebojbqf` mbocloj^k`b2 tbiafkd fkqbkpfqv bq`4 Veb
efde3mrob kfqoldbk i^odbo qe^k lkb ^qjlpmebof` mobpprob fp cfiiba ^p qeb molqb`qfsb d^p fkql qeb ebojbqf` obi^v4
Jbojbqf` obnrbpqp lc jfifq^ov bib`qolj^dkbqf` obi^v mobp`of_ba fk Eefk^ jfifq^ov pq^ka^oa ILD76:8 /OKN3T3;=;=0
/OKN3T3;=;=04 Ubb V^_ib :@
NPQZT 9> LTZPg WT`[TbXR `T_cTaba
Er_^db lc ebojbqf` `lsbo
N^odbo qe^k 99`j9
Uj^iibo qe^k . bnr^ip 99`j9
78:
O^u4 ib^h^db o^qb mbojfqqba
7637R^4`j95p /763<^qj4`j95p0
7639R^4`j95p /763>^qj4`j95p0
758 `ovpq^i `lsbo pbofbp j^krc^`qroba _v lro `ljm^kv rpb i^pbo crpflk tbiafkd2 VQ3; pbofbp rpb obpfpq^k`b crpflk
39
9
tbiafkd2 qeb ib^h^db o^qb ob^`ebp 76 R^4`j 5p4
85 @]\bPRb ^P`P[TbT`a
Elkq^`q m^o^jbqbop fk`irab `lkq^`q cloj2 `lkq^`q obpfpq^k`b2 `lkq^`q il^a ^ka ifcb /lmbo^qb qfjbp02 jb`e^kf`^i
ifcb2 `lkq^`q _lrk`b qfjb ^ka bq`4
Elkq^`q o^qfkd il^a fp qeb il^a qe^q qeb `lkq^`q `^k ptfq`e rkabo mobp`of_ba ^j_fbkq `lkafqflkp2 tfqefk mobp`of_ba
lmbo^qb qfjbp2 ^ka rkabo mobp`of_ba lmbo^qb cobnrbk`v4 Veb `lkq^`q il^a ^_fifqv tfii `e^kdb dob^qiv2 tebk qeb
il^a k^qrob `e^kdbp4
Eljjlk obi^v il^a ^ob ^p cliiltfkd@
C4 LTaXabP\RT Z]PS> qeb FE lo CE il^a tfqe qeb mrob obpfpq^k`b k^qrob4
D4 GP[^ Z]PS> qeb qrkdpqbk cfi^jbkq fkpfab qeb fk`^kabp`bkq i^jm e^p ^ pj^ii obpfpq^k`b2 qeb prodb `roobkq
^q qeb qfjb lc -lk. fp 77 qfjbp efdebo qe^k qeb pqb^av `roobkq2 fq `^k `^rpb qeb o^mfa jbiq lc qeb `lkq^`q2
bsbk qeb crpflk tbiafkd c^firob4
E4 H]b]` Z]PS> qeb fjmba^k`b fp sbov pj^ii tebk qeb jlqlo albpk,q jlsb2 pl qeb prodb `roobkq tfii _b sbov
i^odb tebk fq pq^oqp2 qeb `roobkq fp ^_lrq pfu qfjbp lc qeb pqb^av `roobkq4 Dbpfabp2 qeb obi^v `lkq^`q tlohp
^p qeb ptfq`e lc qeb jlqlo2 fq pe^ii _b^o qeb ^o` bccb`q molar`ba _v qeb pel`h lc fkar`qfsb `lrkqbo bib`qof`
mlqbkqf^i lc qeb jlqlo tfkafkd2 tebk fq fp `rq lcc4 Vebobclob2 prccf`fbkq pm^`b pe^ii _b ibcq clo fkpri^qba
^kqf3bib`qof`fqv ibsbi _bqtbbk qeb `lkq^`qp ^ka qeb il^a ^_fifqv4 C aflab lo ^ TE pbofbp `ljmlkbkq `lkkb`qba
m^o^iibi lk qeb _lqe pfab lc qeb `lkq^`q `^k molqb`q qeb `lkq^`q tbii ^ka fjmolsb qeb obif^_fifqv lc qeb obi^v4
F4 @P^PRXbXdT Z]PS> prodb `roobkq tfii ^mmb^o tebk qeb `^m^`fqv `fo`rfq fp lk2 `lkq^`q j^v ^_i^qb lo crpflk
tbiafkd j^v c^fi arb ql qeb i^odb `roobkq4 C``loafkd ql qeb `^m^`fqv2 `lkkb`q ^ `roobkq ifjfqfkd obpfpq^k`b
fk pbofbp `lkkb`qflk molmboiv `^k obar`b qefp e^oj2 tebk ^mmifba4 Nlkd qo^kpcbo tfob2 ^kqf3fkqbocbobk`b
cfiqbo2 ^ka ob`qfcfbo mltbo plro`b2 bq` ^ob pl3`^iiba efde `^m^`fqfsb il^ap4
G4 F\ScRbXdT Z]PS> tebk qeb obi^v fp lcc fk fkar`qfsb il^a `fo`rfq2 qeb ^o` _bqtbbk qeb lmbkfkd `lkq^`qp
obib^pbp qeb bkbodv obpbosba _v qeb fkar`qfsb il^a2 qebk fq j^v `^rpb `lkq^`q ^_i^qflk2 crpflk tbiafkd
lo fkpri^qflk m^oq c^firob4 Kkar`qlo2 plibklfa2 `lkq^`qlo `lfi2 `elhb2 bib`qolj^dkbqf` folk `lfi ^ka pl lk
^ob fkar`qfsb il^ap4 C aflab lo ^ TE pbofbp `ljmlkbkq `lkkb`qba m^o^iibi lk qeb _lqe pfab lc qeb `lkq^`q
^ipl `^k molqb`q qeb `lkq^`q tbii4
H4 ?@ Z]PS> obi^v `lkq^`q CE il^a o^qfkd lkiv ^mmifbp fk mobp`of_ba CE cobnrbk`v4 Veb ptfq`efkd ^_fifqv lc
qeb obi^v fp afccbobkq rkabo afccbobkq cobnrbk`fbp4
I4 A@ Z]PS> qeb FE il^a fp e^oabo ql `rq qe^k CE il^a4 CE sliq^db j^v buqfkdrfpe qeb ^o` ^rqlj^qf`^iiv
tebk fq `olpp wbol4 Co` molar`ba _v qeb FE sliq^db albpk,q buqfkdrfpe2 rkqfi qeb ^o` fp bilkd^qba ^ka `^k
klq elia fqpbic4 Co` bkbodv tfii `^rpb `lkq^`q a^j^db pr`e ^p pboflrp `loolpflk2 jbq^i qo^kpcbo ^ka pmo^v4
J4 HTSXc[ Rc``T\b Z]PS> FE obpfpq^k`b il^a tfqe ^k lmbk3`fo`rfq sliq^db ^q 8>XFE ^ka ^ `ilpb3`fo`rfq
`roobkq ^q 766jC4 Um^oh afp`e^odb tfii ^mmb^o _bqtbbk qeb `lkq^`qp rkabo qefp il^a tef`e `^rpbp lod^kf`
pr_pq^k`b fkpfab qeb obi^v ql ^``rjri^qb lk qeb `lkq^`q proc^`b tef`e obpriqp fk `lkq^`q obpfpq^k`b
^rdjbkq lo fkpq^_fifqv2 bsbk qeb lmbk3`fo`rfq c^firob4
K4 G]e TZTRb`XR ZTdTZ Z]PS> qeb il^a tfqe ^k lmbk3`fo`rfq sliq^db fp ^q 76 ql ;6jX/FE lo CE mb^h s^irb0
^ka ^ `ilpb3`fo`rfq `roobkq ^q 76 ql ;6|C4 lod^kf` jbj_o^kb ^``rjri^qba lk `lkq^`q proc^`b `^k,q _b
_ob^h lk3altk arb ql ilt il^a ibsbi tef`e obpriqp fk qeb `lkq^`q obpfpq^k`b tfii _b`ljb i^odb lo rkpq^_ib2
bsbk `^rpbp ^ c^firob fk qeb lmbk3`fo`rfq4
Wpbo j^v `e^kdb qeb `lkq^`q `roobkq _v mbo`bkq^db ^p mbo4 Ubb V^_ib ;@
NPQZT :> G]PS Rc``T\b RWP\VX\V bPQZT c\ST` SXUUT`T\b Z]PS RWP`PRbT`XabXRa
Tbpfpqfsb
`roobkq
Kkar`qfsb pq^_ib
`roobkq
Olqlo pq^_ib
`roobkq
N^jm pq^_ib
`roobk
766-
86-
7=-
76-
78;
95 @]XZ ^P`P[TbT`a
Elfi m^o^jbqbop fk`irab `lfi o^qba lmbo^qb sliq^db2 lmbo^qb sliq^db2 elia sliq^db2 obib^pb sliq^db2 `lfi obpfpq^k`b2
lmbo^qb qfjb2 obib^pb qfjb bq`4
Kkpri^qflk crk`qflk fk`irabp fkpri^qflk obpfpq^k`b ^ka afbib`qof` pqobkdqe4
:5 F\acZPbX]\ Uc\RbX]\
Kkpri^qflk crk`qflk fk`irabp fkpri^qflk obpfpq^k`b ^ka afbib`qof` pqobkdqe4
;5 LTZXPQXZXbg X\STf
Tbi^v obif^_fifqv obcbop ql qeb ^_fifqv lc ^``ljmifpefkd qeb pmb`fcf` crk`qflk rkabo mobp`of_ba `lkafqflkp ^ka fk
mobp`of_ba qfjb /lo lmbo^qb qfjbp04 Veb obi^v obif^_fifqv fkabu mobp`of_ba fk Eefk^ jfifq^ov pq^ka^oa ILD<;D
/OKN3T39?67<0 ~181:-6 |:5;1:598 92 }61/;:97-381;5/ +16-> ,5;4 +165-.565;> *801= fp j^fkiv c^firob o^qb4
H^firob o^qb fp qeb mbo`bkq^db s^irb lc c^firob molar`q prj tfqefk qeb rkfq qfjb lc q jljbkq /lmbo^qb qfjb0 ql
qeb kloj^iiv lmbo^qfkd molar`q prj ^q qe^q qfjb4 Kq peltp qeb c^firob o^qfl fk qeb rkfq qfjb2 tebk qeb molar`qp
^ob lmbo^qfkd rkqfi q jljbkq4 Kqp j^qe obmobpbkq^qflk clojri^ fp@
/ q 0 B \ k / q 1 q0 3 k / q 0 ] 5 x \ P 3 k / q 0 ] } q y
Kk qeb clojri^@
P++molar`q prj rpba fk qeb qbpq2
k/q0++c^firob prj ^q q jljbkq2
q++qfjb fkqbos^i qbpqba4
Tbcbo ql V^_ib < clo c^firob o^qb do^abp mobp`of_ba fk Eefk^ jfifq^ov pq^ka^oa ILD<;D /OKN3T39?67<0@
NPQZT ;> LTZPg UPXZc`T `PbT V`PSTa
Io^ab
Uvj_li
O^u4 c^firob o^qb /7576 qfjbp0
pr_3cfcqe do^ab
N
9}76 3;
cfcqe do^ab
O
7}76 3;
pfuqe do^ab
R
7}76 3<
pbsbkqe do^ab
T
7}763=
JH?9762 JH?776 ^ka lqebo obi^vp j^krc^`qroba _v lro `ljm^kv ^``loa tfqe ILD<;D /OKN3T39?67<0 tfqe
obif^_fifqv fkabu4
C5 DcXSTZX\Ta ]U @W]]aX\V ET`[TbXRPZZg MTPZTS LTZPg
65 J\ R]XZ
656 @W]]aX\V R]XZ T\T`VXhX\V dPZcT
C4 Yebk qeb obi^v lmbo^qbp2 qeb `lfi pelria _b bkbodfwba _v o^qba lmbo^qb sliq^db o^qebo qe^k lmbo^qb
sliq^db2 pl qeb `lfi sliq^db `^k cir`qr^qb tfqefk mltbo plro`b sliq^db2 lo ^ p^cbqv pm^`b clo obif^_ib
lmbo^qfkd fp obpbosba tebk qebob ^ob jb`e^kf`^i sf_o^qflk2 pel`h lo efde ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob fk
^mmif`^qfsb ^j_fbkq4 Qk qeb lqebo e^ka2 tebk qeb `lfi sliq^db fp qll efde2 qeb `lfi eb^q tfii _b`ljb
pboflrp2 ^ka qeb `lfi ifcb tfii _b peloqbkba4
D4 O^dkbqf` i^q`efkd obi^v fp sbov prfq^_ib clo bkbodv3p^sfkd l``^pflkp2 _rq fqp `lfi `^kklq _b bib`qofcfba
clo ^ ilkd mbofla _b`^rpb qeb `lfi fp abpfdkba ^``loafkd ql qeb ^mmifba mripb `roobkq2 ilkd3qfjb bib`qofcvfkd
tfii `^rpb lsboeb^qfkd lk qeb `lfi4 Kq fp tolkd ql bib`qofcv qeb `lfi clo ^ ilkd qfjb fk loabo ql bkprob fqp
obif^_fifqv4
78<
E4 Hlo obi^v lc qeb p^jb pmb`fcf`^qflk2 fq fp klq `loob`q ql qefkh qe^q qeb obi^v tfii _b`ljb jlob pbkpfqfsb
fc qeb lmbo^qb sliq^db fp pj^iibo4 Yebk qeb lmbo^qb sliq^db obar`bp2 qeb jb`e^kf`^i m^o^jbqbop pr`e
^p bib`qolj^dkbqf` pr`qflk2 bi^pqf` `lrkqboclo`b2 `lkq^`q `ib^o^k`b tfii obar`b qll tef`e tfii ^ccb`q
qeb mbocloj^k`b pr`e ^p ^kqf3sf_o^qflk2 obif^_fifqv2 il^a ^_fifqv2 bib`qof` pqobkdqe _bqtbbk `lkq^`qp ^ka
ifcb4 Lrpq ^p qeb p^jb2 fq j^v klq _b _bqqbo ql e^sb ^ efdebo obib^pb sliq^db4
647 @]XZ b`P\aXT\b ac^^`TaaX]\
Cq qeb jljbkq tebk qeb obi^v `lfi sliq^db _ob^hp lcc2 qebob tfii _b ^k fksbopb mb^h sliq^db qe^q fp jr`e dob^qbo
qe^k qeb bkbodfwfkd sliq^db /rpr^iiv jlob qe^k > qfjbp02 tef`e tfii al ^ pfdkfcf`^kq a^j^db ql qeb `fo`rfq ^ka
pelria _b prmmobppba4 O^kv hfkap lc jbqelap `^k _b rpba ql prmmobpp fq4 Veb dbkbo^i t^v fp ql `lkkb`q ^
aflab m^o^iibi tfqe _lqe `lfi qbojfk^ip4 Jltbsbo2 qeb aflab j^v molilkd qeb aolm3lrq qfjb tef`e `lkpbnrbkqiv
^ccb`qp qeb lmbo^qflk^i ifcb lc obi^v4 Cqqbkqflk pelria _b m^fa lk qefp mlfkq arofkd qeb ^mmif`^qflk4 Veb obi^v qe^q
mlppbppbp qo^kpfbkq prmmobppflk ^_fifqv ^iob^av `lkq^fkp qeb prmmobppflk `ljmlkbkqp4 Rib^pb q^hb `^ob lc qeb
mli^ofqv lc qeb qbojfk^ip lc `lfi clo pr`e hfka lc ^ obi^v@ qeb fk`loob`q mli^ofqv `lkkb`qflk j^v a^j^db qeb aflab
^ka obpriqp fk qeb obi^v c^firob4
Ob^ktefib2 fq pelria _b peloq `lkkb`qba tebk qeb m^o^jbqbop lc fkpri^qflk obpfpq^k`b ^ka afbib`qof` pqobkdqe
^ob qbpqba ql ^slfa a^j^dfkd qeb prmmobppflk `ljmlkbkqp fkpfab4
75 J\ R]\bPRb
756 LTZPbX]\ QTbeTT\ d]ZbPVT P\S Rc``T\b X\ R]\bPRb Z]PS
Ibkbo^iiv2 ^ obar`qflk fk il^a sliq^db tfii `^rpb ^k fk`ob^pb fk qeb il^a `roobkq tefib ^ obar`qflk fk il^a `roobkq
j^v `^rpb ^k fk`ob^pb fk il^a sliq^dbA eltbsbo2 qebob fp klq ^ dbkbo^i `loobpmlkafkd obi^qflkpefm _bqtbbk il^a
sliq^db ^ka `roobkq4 Hroqebojlob2 `roobkq lo sliq^db tfii klq fk`ob^pb rkifjfqbaiv bsbk fc sliq^db lo `roobkq obar`bp
rkifjfqbaiv@ qebob fp ^k rmmbo ifjfq4 Qk qeb lqebo e^ka2 obi^v j^v klq _b ^_ib ql ptfq`e ql ^kv il^a ^p ilt ^p
wbol lo iltbo qe^k wbolA ^ obi^v qe^q `^k ptfq`e ^ _fd il^a j^v klq _b ^_ib ql ptfq`e ^ pj^ii il^a2 fk m^oqf`ri^o
qeb ilt bib`qof` ibsbi il^a lo jbafrj `roobkq il^a4 Hlo bu^jmib2 fq fp klq obif^_ib ql rpb ^ molar`q tfqe ^ o^qba
il^a 76C ql ptfq`e ^ ;6|C il^a _b`^rpb qeb jb`e^kfpj lc `lkq^`q c^firob fp afccbobkq fk s^oflrp il^ap4 Ffccbobkq
obi^vp mlppbpp afccbobkq obi^qfkd `rosbp _bqtbbk il^a sliq^db ^ka il^a `roobkq2 qe^q fp `^iiba il^a `rosb4 Veb
^`qr^i ^mmifba il^a pelria _b ifjfqba _bilt qefp `rosb4
CXVc`T 6> G]PS Rc`dT ST[T\ab`PbX]\
Elkq^`q `roobkq /C0
O^u4 ptfq`efkd mltbo
86
76
CE Tbp4
:
9
FE Tbp4
8
76
86
96
766
866 966 :66
Elkq^`q sliq^db /X0
757 LTZPbX]\ QTbeTT\ Z]PS P\S ZXUT RgRZTa
Nfcb `v`ibp lc qeb obi^v ^ob `ljm^oba ql qeb mobp`of_ba o^qba il^ap4 Q_sflrpiv2 fc qeb il^a fp _fddbo2 qeb ifcb tfii
_b peloqbo4 Jltbsbo2 qebob fp klq ^ dbkbo^i obi^qflkpefm _bqtbbk il^a ^ka ifcb4 Ffccbobkq obi^vp mlppbpp afccbobkq
obi^qfkd `rosbp _bqtbbk il^a ^ka ifcb2 qe^q fp `^iiba ifcb `rosb4
78=
CXVc`T 7> GXUT Rc`dT ST[T\ab`PbX]\
Qmbo^qflkp /u76666QRU0
Nfcb `rosb
766
;6
76
;
8;6XCE596XFE Tbp4
6
;
>
Elkq^`q `roobkq /C0
758 LTZPbX]\ QTbeTT\ ZXUT RgRZTa P\S ]^T`PbT U`T_cT\Rg
Tbi^v il^a ^ka ifcb e^p l_sflrp obi^qflk tfqe qeb `lkq^`q ptfq`efkd cobnrbk`v4 Cp clo efdbo `roobkq il^a2 qeb fk`ob^pb
fk `lkq^`q ptfq`efkd cobnrbk`v tfii j^hb qeb eb^q molar`ba _v `lkq^`q ^o` afp`e^odb klq afpmbopb tfqefk prccf`fbkq
qfjb2 tef`e tfii obpriq fk qeb `lkq^`q qbjmbo^qrob2 nrf`hbo ^o` afp`e^odb ^ka peloq `lkq^`q ifcb4
NPQZT <> LTZPg R]\bPRb aeXbRWX\V U`T_cT\Rg
Elkq^`q ptfq`efkd `roobkq il^a
Utfq`efkd cobnrbk`v
N^odbo qe^k 9C
9p Qk2 9p Qcc
Uj^iibo qe^k 9C
7p Qk2 7p Qcc
O^u4 ptfq`efkd cobnrbk`v
rkabo pj^ii il^a
647`v`ib5/j^u4 mf`h3rm qfjb
1 j^u4 aolm3lrq qfjb0
759 LTZPbX]\ QTbeTT\ ZXUT RgRZTa P\S bWT P[QXT\b bT[^T`Pbc`T
Yebk qeb qbjmbo ^qrob ofpbp ^ka qeb ^o` afp`e^odb pmbbap rm2 qeb il^a ^ka ifcb tfii _b obar`ba ao^j^qf`^iiv4
75: @]\bPRb aT`XTa4^P`PZZTZ R]\\TRbX]\
Db`^rpb qeb lmbo^qfkd qfjb lc bsbov pbq lc `lkq^`q fp afccbobkq2 Vebobclob2 qeb `lkq^`q m^o^iibi `lkkb`qflk `^k klq
fjmolsb qeb `lkq^`q il^a `roobkq ^ka bib`qof` ifcb4 Lrpq qeb p^jb2 qeb `lkq^`q pbofbp `lkkb`qflk `^kklq fjmolsb qeb
il^a sliq^db4
75; K`]bTRbX]\ ]U `TZPg R]\bPRb
Yebk qeb `lkq^`q `rqp lcc qeb fkar`qfsb il^a `fo`rfq2 qeb bkbodv pqloba fk `lkq^`q pelria _b `lkprjba _v `lkq^`q
^o` fdkfqflk4 Ibkbo^iiv2 fk loabo ql bifjfk^qb ^ka ifdeqbk qeb e^oj lc ^o`2 ql bum^ka qeb `lkq^`q ifcb2 ql bifjfk^qb lo
ifdeqbk qeb fkqbocbobk`b ^ka a^j^db lc obi^v ql obi^qfsb pbkpfqfsb `fo`rfq2 dbkbo^iiv ^o` fp rpba ql obpqo^fk `lkq^`q ql
molqb`q qeb `fo`rfq4 Eljjlk `lkq^`q molqb`qflk `fo`rfqp ^ob@ ql m^o^iibi3`lkkb`q ^ obpfpqfsb lo `^m^`fqfsb `fo`rfq lk
qeb fkar`qfsb il^a2 lo m^o^iibi3`lkkb`q ^ aflab4
Vov ql ^slfa qeb `liifkb^ofqv lo ^k^pqljlpfp lc qeb fkmrq m^oq ^ka lrqmrq m^oq2 _b`^rpb tebk qeb `lfi fp bkbodfwba2
qeb `lrkqbo bib`qof` mlqbkqf^i lk qeb `lfi tfii ^aa ql qeb `lkq^`q2 qeb lcc sliq^db lc qeb `lkq^`q tfii fk`ob^pb2 ^ka fkqbocbob
lqebo `fo`rfqp4
85 J\ `TZXPQXZXbg
856 HTbW]Sa b] X[^`]dT `TZXPQXZXbg
85656 AT`PbX\V P^^ZXRPbX]\
Rolmbo abo^qfkd ^mmif`^qflk lc obi^v il^a `^k obar`b qeb c^firob fk o^qba il^a `roobkq2 fjmolsb qeb `lkq^`q ifcb
^ka obif^_fifqv2 _rq rpbop pelria _b `^obcri tebk qeb `roobkq fp obar`ba ql 766jC lo |C do^ab4
78>
85657 KP`PZZTZ P\S aT`XTa R]\\TRbX]\ ]U R]\bPRba
Veb `lkq^`q m^o^iibi `lkkb`qflk albpk,q fk`ob^pb qeb il^a `roobkq2 _rq fq `^k fk`ob^pb qeb obif^_fifqv lc qeb `fo`rfq
ptfq`e3lk ^ka ab`ob^pb qeb c^firob o^qb lc qeb `fo`rfq ptfq`e3lkA eltbsbo2 qeb m^o^iibi `lkkb`qflk j^v ^ccb`q qeb
obif^_fifqv lc `fo`rfq ptfq`e3lcc4 Lrpq ^p qeb p^jb2 pbofbp `lkkb`qflk j^v fjmolsb qeb obif^_fifqv lc qeb `fo`rfq ptfq`e3
lcc2 _rq ^ccb`q qe^q lc qeb `fo`rfq ptfq`e3lk4
857 LTZPg aR`TT\X\V
85756 Ng^XRPZ Rc`dT ]U `TZPg UPXZc`T `PbT
C``loafkd ql ilqp lc pq^qfpqf`p ^ka ^k^ivpfp alkb lk obi^v c^firob2 qeb c^firob o^qb e^p ^ `e^kdfkd orib peltk ^p
_bilt4 Wpr^iiv fq fp `^iiba ^ ;<. `rosb2 _b`^rpb fq illhp ifhb ^ qr_4 Cp qeb ;<. `rosb peltp2 c^firob e^p qeobb me^pbp@
b^oiv c^firob mbofla2 fk`fabkq c^firob mbofla ^ka ilpp c^firob mbofla4 Vebobclob2 p`obbkfkd fp ^ `ljjlk jbqela ql
objlsb qeb b^oiv c^firob obi^vp ^ka fjmolsb qeb obi^v obif^_fifqv4
CXVc`T 8> Ng^XRPZ Rc`dT ]U `TZPg UPXZc`T `PbT
/q0
G^oiv c^firob
o^qb
6
Kk`fabkq
c^firob o^qb
Nlpp c^firob o^qb
q
85757 MR`TT\X\V XbT[a
Veb p`obbkfkd lc obi^v rpr^iiv fk`irabp sf_o^qflk /klk3abpqor`qfsb02 efde3ilt qbjmbo^qrob ork2 fkkbo erjfafqv
fkpmb`qflk2 m^oqf`ib fjm^`q klfpb abqb`q /RKPF02 pb^ifkd fkpmb`qflk2 bq`4 Tbi^qfsb pq^ka^oap ^ob mobp`of_ba lk
qelpb fqbjp2 _rq obi^vp `^k _b p`obbkba ^``loafkd ql rpbop, obnrfobjbkqp4
I Rromlpb lc sf_o^qflk p`obbkfkd fp ql objlsb qeb molar`qp qe^q e^sb pqor`qrob abcb`qp4
I Rromlpb lc efde3ilt qbjmbo^qrob ork fp ql objlsb qeb molar`qp qe^q e^sb c^firob fk m^o^jbqbo
^agrpqjbkqp4
I Rromlpb lc fkkbo erjfafqv fkpmb`qflk fp ql objlsb qeb molar`qp qe^q bu`bbap qeb pq^ka^oa lc t^qbo
`lkqbkq lc fkkbo molqb`qfsb d^p4
I Rromlpb lc m^oqf`ib fjm^`q klfpb abqb`q /RKPF0 fp ql objlsb qeb molar`qp qe^q e^sb obarka^kq pr_pq^k`b
fkpfab qeb obi^v4
I Rromlpb lc pb^ifkd fkpmb`qflk fp ql objlsb qeb molar`qp qe^q alk,q ob^`e qeb ib^h^db o^qb obnrfobjbkq4
85758 K`X\RX^ZT ]U R]\UX`[X\V aR`TT\X\V XbT[a P\S R]\SXbX]\a
C4 U`obbkfkd pelria _b afob`qba ^d^fkpq qeb molar`q abcb`qp ^ka fjmloq^kq c^firob jlabp4 Kq fp klq ofdeq ql
_bifbsb qe^q jlob p`obbkfkd fqbjp `^k j^hb molar`qp jlob obif^_ib4
D4 Uqobpp fjmlpba pelria klq abpqolv dlla molar`qp2 _rq afp`lsbo ^ka objlsb qeb jlpq mlqbkqf^i abcb`qp4
Kjmolmbo p`obbkfkd j^v ib^sb efaabk qolr_ibp2 ^ka ab`ob^pb qeb obif^_fifqv4 Cp clo molar`qp qe^q e^sb ^
o^qba `roobkq klq efdebo qe^k ;C2 il^a pelria _b ilt ibsbi@ 76 ql ;6|C 276 ql ;6jX2 tebk alfkd efde3ilt
qbjmbo^qrob ork p`obbkfkdA Cp clo molar`qp qe^q e^sb ^ o^qba `roobkq i^odbo qe^k ;C2 il^a pelria _b jbafrj
`roobkq@ 647C 8>Xa4`4A ^p clo molar`qp qe^q e^sb ^ o^qba `roobkq i^odbo qe^k 8;C2 il^a pelria _b 7C 8>Xa4`4
Ufkb p`^k sf_o^qflk p`obbkfkd pelria _b `^oofba fk jlpq a^kdbolrp afob`qflk2 ^``loafkd ql s^oflrp molar`qp4
E4 Veb `ellpfkd lc qeb p`obbkfkd qfjb pelria _b _^pba lk qeb mofk`fmib lc bu`irafkd qeb mlqbkqf^i abcb`qp
^ka fk`ob^pb molar`q obif^_fifqv4 Db`^rpb qebob fp kl p`obbkfkd p`ebjb ql bumlpb ^ii mlqbkqf^i abcb`qp2
p`obbkfkd qfjb pelria _b `lkcfojba ^``loafkd ql mobp`of_ba `lkcfabk`b ^ka abcb`q o^qb ^iiltba4
858 LTZPg UPXZc`T P\PZgaXa
78?
85856 K`T^P`PbX]\ QTU]`T P\PZgaXa
Dbclob ^k^ivpfp lc c^firob obi^vp2 qeb c^firob jlab2 ^mmif`^qflk `lkafqflkp tebk c^firob pelria _b ob`loaba2
fk`irpfsb lc `ifj^qf` `lkafqflkp pr`e ^p ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob2 erjfafqv2 ^fo mobpprob bq`42 avk^jf` `lkafqflkp
pr`e ^p pel`h2 sf_o^qflk2 ^``bibo^qflk2 bq`A bib`qof` pqobpp `lkafqflkp pr`e ^p `lkq^`q il^a qvmb2 sliq^db2 `roobkq2
`lfi sliq^db2 `roobkq ^ka `fo`rfq sliq^db2 `roobkq2 bq`A qeb molar`q obi^qba a^q^2 jlrkqfkd ^ka tfob `lkkb`qflk
pelria _b criiv klqba4 Kc kb`bpp^ov2 j^hfkd qeb c^firob ob3l``roobk`b4
85857 CPXZc`T P\PZgaXa ^`]RTSc`T
Vov ql `^oov lrq c^firob ^k^ivpfp ^``loafkd ql cliiltfkd mol`barobp4
NPQZT => LTZPg UPXZc`T P\PZgaXa ^`]RTSc`T
?\PZgaXa XbT[
?\PZgaXa R]\bT\b
?\PZgaXa b]]Za
7
Cmmb^o^k`b
sfpr^i fkpmb`qflk
mevpf`^i a^j^db2 `lkq^jfk^qflk2 Cmmb^o^k`b abcb`q2
pb^ifkd abcb`
j^dkfcfbo2 jf`olp`lmb
8
Z3o^v mbopmb`qfsb
^k^ivpfp
fkkbo `lkq^jfk^qflk2 fkkbo peloq `fo`rfq lo lmbk `fo`rfq 2
ib^h^db ^q pb^ifkd ^ob^2 fkkbo jb`e^kf`^i abcb`q2
m^oq a^j^db2 ^ppbj_iv abcb`q bq`
Z3o^v j^`efkb lo
jlkfqlo afpmi^v
9
m^oqf`ib `liifpflk
fkpmb`qflk
fkkbo illpb m^oqf`ib
m^oqf`ib `liifpflk fkpqorjbkq
:
Gib`qof` m^o^jbqbo,p
fkpmb`qflk
tfob2 `lkkb`qflk `lkafqflk lc pl`hbq2 `lfi obpfpq^k`b2
`lkq^`q obpfpq^k`b2 lmbo^qfkd `e^o^`qbofpqf`p2
fkpri^qflk tfqepq^kafkd sliq^db bq`4
obdri^o qbpqfkd
fkpqorjbkq^qflk2
jbjlov lp`fiildo^me2bq`4
;
Ub^i^_fifqv fkpmb`qflk
di^pp fkpri^qlo pfkqbofkd pq^qrp2 ib^h^db elib2
mlob ^q tbiafkd ^ob^2 `o^`h2 bq`4
<
I^p ^k^ivpfp
d^p `ljmlkbkqp ^ka lod^kf` d^p `lkq^jfk^qflk
`ljmlkbkqp fkpfab qeb obi^v
ebifrj pmb`qoljbqbo lo
mobpprob d^p ib^h^db
abqb`qfkd bnrfmjbkq
d^p j^pp pmb`qoljbqbo
lo `eolj^qf` pmb`qorj
pmb`qoljbqbo
=
Tbjlsb `lsbo
qov ql klq _ofkd `lkq^jfk^kq fkql obi^v lo
abpqolv fkkbo pq^qb
pmb`fcf` qlli
>
Kkqbok^i sfpr^i
fkpmb`qflk
fkkbo pqor`qrob2 tebqebo qeb m^oqp ^ob abclojba2
afp`lilobaA lqebo obarka^kq pr_pq^k`b lo `lkq^jfk^kq
j^dkfcfbo2 jf`olp`lmb
?
Kkkbo jb`e^kf`^i
fkpmb`qflk
`lkq^`q d^m2 mobpprob2 qo^`hfkd2 obqrokfkd clo`b2
bodljbqbo2 d^rdb2
^oj^qrob pqolhb2 ^oj^qrob cibuf_fifqv2 m^oqp j^q`efkd bq`4 jf`olp`lmb
76
Kkkbo bib`qof`
bib`qolj^dkbqf` ^_plomqfsb clo`b2
m^o^jbqbop, fkpmb`qflk bib`qof` m^o^jbqbop2 bq`4
77
proc^`b ^ka j^qbof^i
^k^ivpfp lc `lkq^`qp
^ka lqebo hbv m^oqp
qeb ^k^ivpfp lc qeb `ebjf`^i `ljmlkbkq `e^kdb2
fjmrofqv pq^qrb ^ka `ovpq^i pqor`qrob `e^kdb lc j^qbof^i2
jfkfj `lkq^jfk^qflk ^k^ivpfp2 mevpf`^i ^ka jb`e^kf`^i
mbocloj^k`b ^k^ivpfp lc j^qbof^i
78
Hroqebo ^k^ivpfp
Vl `^oov lrq qeb pmb`f^i ^k^ivpfp fc kb`bpp^ov
D5 NTab ]U HPX\ KP`P[TbT`a
65 NTab R]\SXbX]\a
C+ Cii qeb qbpqp ^ob rkabo kloj^i `ifj^qf` `lkafqflkp2 rkibpp pmb`fcfba@
796
obdri^o qbpqfkd
fkpqorjbkq^qflk2 jbjlov
lp`fiildo^me2bq`4
bib`qolk jf`olp`lmb2
fkco^oba pmb`qolp`lmb
mevpf`p . `ebjfpqov
^k^ivpfp bnrfmjbkq2
jb`e^kf`^i mbocloj^k`b
^k^ivpfp bnrfmjbkq clo
j^qbof^i
Vbjmbo^qrob@ 7;zE ql 9;zE2
Tbi^qfsb erjfafqv@ :;- ql =;-2
Cqjlpmebof` mobpprob@ >< ql 76<Mm^A
Veb cliiltfkd fp qeb `ifj^qb `lkafqflk lc obi^v ^o_fqo^qflk qbpq2 fk `^pb lc afpmrqb@
Vbjmbo^qrob@ 8; 16
38 zE
Tbi^qfsb erjfafqv@ ;6- { 8Cqjlpmebof` mobpprob@ >< ql 76<Mm^A
D4 Eeb`hfkd fkpqorjbkqp pelria ^``loa tfqe qeb pq^ka^oa2 qbpq mob`fpflk pelria _b fk qeb mobp`of_ba o^kdb
^ka qeb p^jb tfqe qeb obi^v j^krc^`qrobo fc mlppf_ib4
E4 Vbpq jbqelap fk`irafkd qbpq qfjbp pelria ^``loa tfqeobi^v qbpq jbqela pq^ka^oa4
75 J^T`PbT P\S `TZTPaT dPZcT bTab
Vbpq lc kl3lmbo^qb s^irb2 lmbo^qb s^irb2 elia s^irb2 obib^pb s^irb pelria _b `^oofba lrq ^``loafkd ql Hfdrob :
fk qeb qbpq mol`barob4 Veb pqolkdbpq mlfkq lc qefp qbpq fp qe^q qeb qbpq m^o^jbqbop e^sb dlla obmbqfqflk2 _rq fq albpk,q
jb^k qe^q qeb obi^v pelria _b j^dkbqfwba _bclob tlohfkd fk ^`qr^i ^mmif`^qflk4
CXVc`T 9> NTab ^`]RTSc`T
O^dkbqfwba
Gib`qof`fqv Cjlrkq
lc Yfkafkd
Jlia X^irb
Folmlrq X^irb
6
Rf`hrm X^irb
Plk3mf`hrm X^irb
Vfjb
85 @]XZ `TaXabP\RT
Elfi obpfpq^k`b `^k _b jb^proba _v sliq^db jbqela2 `roobkq jbqela2 ^ka bib`qof` _ofadb jbqela4 Yebk rpfkd
qeb sliq^db jbqela2 `roobkq jbqela2 qov ql ^slfa lo obar`b qeb fkcirbk`b lc pj^ii sliqjbqbo2 ^jjbqbo fkkbo
obpfpq^k`b2 ^ka ^ipl peloqbk qbpq qfjb2 pl ^p ql mobsbkq qeb `lfi qbjmbo^qrob colj ofpfkd qll efde ^ka ^ccb`qfkd
qeb jb^probjbkq sbo^`fqv4 Elfi obpfpq^k`b fp sbov pbkpfqfsb ql qeb ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob2 pl mrq qeb molar`qp rkabo
qbpq `lkafqflkp tfqefk 7 ql 8 elrop _bclob qbpqfkd /klq bkbodfwfkd `lfi04 Vb^q s^irb pelria _b `lksboqba fkql s^irb
rkabo _bk`ej^oh qbjmbo^qrob / rpr^iiv 8;zE02 `lksbopflk clojri^ fp @
T^ B T6 \ 7 1 ^ /V^38;0 ]
Kk qeb clojri^@ NP obcbop ql qeb ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob/zE0
P fp qeb obpfpq^k`b qbjmbo^qrob `lbccf`fbkq /obpfpq^k`b qbjmbo^qrob `lbccf`fbkq lc `lmmbo tfob fp
6466: 5 zE 0
95 @]\bPRb `TaXabP\RT
Tbi^v fp klq bkbodfwba tebk qbpqfkd `lkq^`q obpfpq^k`b lc PE `lkq^`q ^ka jls^_ib `lkq^`qA obi^v fp bkbodfwba
tebk qbpqfkd `lkq^`q obpfpq^k`b lc PQ `lkq^`q ^ka jls^_ib `lkq^`q4 Elkq^`q obpfpq^k`b `^k _b jb^proba _v
sliq^jjbqbo jbqela4 Yebk jb^profkd2 qeb il^a ^aaba ql `lkq^`q pelria ^``loa tfqe qeb Eefk^ Ofifq^ov Uq^ka^oa2
rpr^iiv <X 76jC /obpfpq^k`b04 Vbpq mlpfqflk fp tfqefk :jj ql qeb ollq lc qeb qbojfk^i4 Nl^a pelria _b ^aaba ^cqbo
qeb `lkq^`q fp pq^_iv `ilpba ^ka objlsba _bclob qeb `lkq^`q fp `rq lcc4
:5 F\acZPbX]\ ^T`U]`[P\RT
Wpr^iiv rpb jbdlejjbqbo ql qbpq qeb obi^v fkpri^qflk obpfpq^k`b2 qeb qbpqba obi^v pelria _b mrq lk efde3nr^ifqv
fkpri^qflk _l^oa2 qbpq sliq^db pelria ^``loa tfqe qeb Eefk^ Ofifq^ov Uq^ka^oa /rpr^iiv ;66Xa4`402 qeb jfk4 s^irb
qbpqba _b`ljbp qeb qbpqba s^irb4
797
Yebk alfkd qeb afbib`qof` pqobkdqe qbpq2 rpr^iiv rpb qeb 747 qfjbp lc qeb mobp`of_ba qbpq sliq^db2 j^u ib^h^db
`roobkq ^iiltba fp 7jC2 elia qfjb fp 7p4 Jlia qfjb rkabo mobp`of_ba sliq^db fp 7 jfk rkabo fc ^kv afpmrqb ofpbp4
;5 NX[T ^P`P[TbT`a
Veb jb^probjbkq `fo`rfq lc qeb qfjb m^o^jbqbop fp peltk fk Hfdrob ; ^ka Hfdrob <2 lqebo molmbo bib`qolk ^mm^o^qrp
lo fkpqorjbkqp `^k _b rpba2 `lkq^`q il^a fp obpfpq^k`b2 il^a fp 76jC <X /obpfpq^k`b il^a0 tebk qbpqfkd lmbo^qb
qfjb2 obib^pb qfjb ^ka _lrk`b qfjbA il^a fp ;6|C ;6jX /obpfpqfsb il^a02 tebk qbpqfkd qeb pq^_ib qfjb lc qeb obi^v
qe^q e^p ^ c^firob o^qb do^ab O2 R2 T4 qeb obplirqflk lc qeb fkpqorjbkq fp 7|p4
CXVc`T :> HTPac`X\V RX`RcXb ]U bX[T SPbP
Yebk jb^profkd qeb lmbo^qfkd ^ka obib^pb qfjb2
`lkkb`qba ql qeb qofddbo lc lp`fiildo^me
PQ `lkq^`q
klk3_lrk`b
ptfq`e
Qmqflk^i ptfq`e
PE `lkq^`q
`lfi
obpfpq^k`b il^a
Elkqoliifkd sliq^db
Yebk jb^profkd qeb `lkq^`q
_lrk`b qfjb2 `lkkb`qba
ql qeb qofddbo lc lp`fiildo^me
Crqlj^qf` pvk`eolklrp
lp`fiildo^me /sboqf`^i abcib`qflk0
CXVc`T ;> Ng^XRPZ ePdTU]`[ UXVc`T eWT\ [TPac`X\V bWT ]^T`PbX\V3 `TZTPaT3 P\S R]\bPRb Q]c\RT bX[T
Elkq^`q sliq^db aolm
bumobppba _v mbojfppf_ib pq^qf`
obpfpq^k`b
Qmbo^qfkd lo
obib^pb qfjb
Elkq^`q
_lrk`b
qfjb
Nfjfq ifkb lc ?6- lc
qeb `lkq^`q _lrk`b
Elkq^`q
pq^_fifw^qflk qfjb
E5 N`P\a^]`bPbX]\3 Mb]`PVT3 H]c\bX\V P\S ?^^ZXRPbX]\ ]U
ET`[TbXRPZZg MTPZTS LTZPg
74 Veb qbojfk^i lc qeb ebojbqf` obi^v fp prmmloqba _v di^pp fkpri^qlo2 ^ka `^kklq jlsb cobbiv2 lqebotfpb2 qeb
di^pp fkpri^qlo tlria pmifq2 qeb obi^v ebojbqfw^qflk tlria _b a^j^dba2 qeb ^mmif`^qflk mbocloj^k`b tlria
_b ^ccb`qba2 bsbk qeb qbojfk^i tlria illpb2 _ob^h2 qebk c^firob tlria l``ro4 Kc qeb qbojfk^i /obcbo ql qbojfk^i
tfqe ^ pj^iibo af^jbqbo0 kbbap ql _b jlsba2 qeb qbojfk^i pelria _b cfuba ^q qeb mi^`b 9jj ^t^v colj qeb
_^pb _bclob jlsba4 Veb qbojfk^i tfqe ^ i^odb af^jbqbo fp molef_fqba ql _b jlsba4 Lrpq ^p qeb p^jb2 qeb pqobpp
lk qbojfk^i pelria _b molmbo tebk jlrkqfkd ^ka ^mmivfkd4
84 Veb qbojfk^i pelria _b pliaboba tfqe kbrqo^i ciru fk loabo ql ^slfa mliirqfkd qeb di^pp fkpri^qlo2 tef`e
tlria ab`ob^pb qeb fkpri^qflk `^m^_fifqv4 Cq qeb p^jb qfjb2 qeb pliabofkd qfjb pelria klq _b qll ilkd2
qeb qbjmbo^qrob rpr^iiv _b 8<6zE j^u42 `lkqfkrlrp pliabofkd qfjb _b 9p j^u42 fc pliabofkd pelria _b
obmb^qba2 qeb kbuq pliabofkd pelria _b j^ab ^cqbo qeb pliabo fp criiv `lliba4 Ccqbo pliabofkd2 qeb pliabo
lk qeb obi^v proc^`b pelria _b objlsba4
94 Eeb`h qeb fkpboqflk . mrii fkqbkpfqv lc qeb obi^v pl`hbq `^obcriiv _bclob rpfkd2 ^ka hbbm qeb pl`hbq `ib^k4
Veb rkc^slo^_ib `lkq^`q _bqtbbk qeb obi^v ^ka pl`hbq fp lkb lc qeb fjmloq^kq ob^plkp qe^q ^ccb`q qeb
obi^v obif^_fifqv4
798
:4 Tbi^v jlrkqba afob`qiv lk RED pelria klq lkiv _b prmmloqba _v qeb qbojfk^i4 Drq `lj_fk^qflk lc qeb qbojfk^i2
`lsbo ^ka RED bj_baafkd pelria _b rpba ql obfkclo`b4 Qo qeb obi^v tfqe jlrkqfkd m^oqp ifhb jlrkqfkd _liq
pelria _b rpba4 Qo qeb ofkd _o^`hbq fp rpba ql prmmloq qeb obi^v4 Ul qeb qbojfk^i ^ka obi^v tfii klq _b a^j^dba
rkabo qeb fkcirbk`b lc mltbocri pel`h ^ka sf_o^qflk4
;4 Vl ^slfa jlrkq obi^v lk `^kqfibsbo co^jb lo m^oqp tfqe rkc^slo^_ib ofdfafqv qe^q `^k b^pfiv `^rpb obplk^k`b2
ibpq obplk^k`b tfii l``ro lk qeb co^jb lo m^oqp rkabo qeb fkcirbk`b lc mltbocri sf_o^qflk ^ka pel`h2 ^ka qeb
eb^q molar`ba colj qeb co^jb lo m^oqp tfii m^pp ql qeb obi^v ^ka `^rpb obi^v abcb`q lo c^firob4 Kq pelria _b
mlfkqba qe^q RED fp sbov b^pv ql `^rpb obplk^k`b rkabo pqolkd avk^jf` `lkafqflkp2 ^p fqp ofdfafqv fp klq dlla2
obi^v jlrkqba lk RED fp ^ccb`qba _v qeb sf_o^qflk ^ka pel`h2 c^firob l``rop4 Cp ^ obpriq2 qeb ofdfafqv lc RED
pelria _b bke^k`ba4 Yebk qeb obi^v fp jlrkqba2 qeb `lkq^`q jlsfkd afob`qflk ^ka qeb ^oj^qrob mf`h3rm
afob`qflk pelria _b afccbobkq tfqe qeb sf_o^qflk ^ka pel`h afob`qflk4 Veb pqobpp ^q qeb qtl pfabp lc qeb obi^v
jlrkqfkd prmmloq pelria _^i^k`b4
<4 Vl ^slfa jlrkqfkd qeb obi^v kb^o pqolkd j^dkbqf` cfbiap ^ka pqolkd eb^q plro`b fk loabo ql ^slfa ^ccb`qfkd
qeb obi^v mbocloj^k`b _v j^dkbqf` ^ka eb^q bccb`q42 rpb j^dkbqf` pefbia lo eb^q pm^`bo fc kb`bpp^ov4 Tbi^vp
pelria _b jlrkqba ^t^v b^`e lqebo fk `boq^fk afpq^k`b2 ql ^slfa qeb j^dkbqf` fkqbocbobk`b lo eb^q fkcirbk`b4
=4 Ybii3m^`h^dba obi^v pelria _b pqloba fk mi^`b@ ^j_fbkq qbjmbo^qrob 376zE ql :6zE2 obi^qfsb erjfafqv klq
dob^qbo qe^k >6-2 kl ^`faf` lo `loolpfsb d^p fk qeb ^fo4
>4 Eliifpflk2 aolm2 _b^q arofkd qeb obi^v m^`h^dfkd2 qo^kpmloqfkd ^ka rpfkd tlria `^rpb qeb l_sflrp `e^kdb fk
bib`qof` m^o^jbqbop4 Jbk`b pelria _b `^obcri2 pmb`fcf` _lu pelria _b rpba4 Kc qeb obi^v aolmp _v ^``fabkq2
fqp fkkbo m^oq j^v _b a^j^dba arb ql qeb mltbocri pel`h2 fq pelria _b fpli^qba2 qbpqba ^ka `lkcfojba ql _b
QM _bclob rpfkd4
F5 J`ST`X\V
74 Ccqbo `ellpfkd qeb obi^v2 mib^pb obcbo ql qeb loabofkd j^oh ^ka cfii fk qeb loabofkd `lkqo^`q `loob`qiv2 fkaf`^qb
qeb molar`q jlabi2 pmb`fcf`^qflk krj_bo2 jlrkqfkd cloj2 qbojfk^qflk2 do^ab ^ka lqebop fk qeb `lkqo^`q fk
loabo ql ^slfa ^kv jfpq^hb4
84 Veb pmb`f^i obnrfobjbkqp lk qbojfk^qflk2 jlrkqfkd cloj2 bib`qof` mbocloj^k`b2 fkpri^qflk mbocloj^k`b ^ka
obi^v ^mmb^o^k`b lo molar`qp qe^q kbba ql _b `eb`hba ^``loafkd ql qeb mobp`of_ba qb`ekf`^i ^dobbjbkq2
^ka ^ipl mobp`of_ba `ib^oiv fk qeb `lkqo^`q4
94 Elkq^`q obnrfobjbkq lk ilt ibsbi ^ka klk3obpfpqfsb il^a lo il^a sliq^db efdebo qe^k 8>Xa`2 pelria _b
mobp`of_ba2 qebk obi^qfsb jb^probp `^k _b q^hbk fk abpfdk ^ka j^krc^`qrob4
J`ST`X\V X\U]`[PbX]\>
JH?976
3678
N
6
7
.
Ng^T
@]XZ O]ZbPVT
;2 <2 ?2 782 8:2 8=Xa4`4
G> H^firob o^qb ibsbi N /ibsbi xxx molar`qp ^s^fi^_ib0
CPXZc`T LPbT H> H^firob o^qb ibsbi O /ibsbi xxx molar`qp ^s^fi^_ib0
IXZ> Yfqelrq c^firob o^qb obnrfobjbkq/ibsbiy2 xx molar`qp ^s^fi^_ib0
H]c\bX\V MbgZTa
62 72 82 9 /Ubb , Olrkqfkd pqvibp , _bilt0
NT`[X\PZa
72 92 :
?[QXT\b D`PST
J> ibsbi y
/Ubb , Vbojfk^i pqvibp , _bilt0
K> ibsbi xx
IXZ> ibsbi xxx /tfqe c^firob o^qb obnrfobjbkq0
JH?976568=3673A+ obcbop ql qeb obi^v@ jlabi fp JH?9762 `lfi o^qba sliq^db fp 68=Xa4`42 jlrkqfkd cloj fp 62
qbojfk^qflk fp 72 ^j_fbkq do^ab fp Io^abA4
JQPIHC TGNC[
ILD?667C2 KUQ?6672 KUQ5VU7<?:? 2 KUQ7:6672 QJUCU7>6672 KGES SE 6>6666 EGTVKHKGF
866> Tbs4 7466
799