Ordering number : ENA1975 LV8772 Bi-CMOS LSI PWM Constant-Current Control Stepping Motor Driver http://onsemi.com Overview The LV8772 is a stepping motor driver, which is capable of micro-step drive and supports 4W 1-2 phase excitation. It is stepping motors used in office equipment and amusement applications. Features • Low on resistance (upper side : 0.3Ω ; lower side : 0.25Ω ; total of upper and lower : 0.55Ω ; Ta = 25°C, IO = 2.5A) • Excitation mode can be set to 2-phase, 1-2 phase, W1-2 phase , or 4W1-2 phase • BiCDMOS process IC • Excitation step proceeds only by step signal input • Motor current selectable in four steps • Output short-circuit protection circuit incorporated • Unusual condition warning output pins • No control power supply required Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings at Ta = 25°C Parameter Symbol Supply voltage VM max Output peak current IO peak Output current IO max Logic input voltage VIN Conditions Ratings Unit 36 tw ≤ 10ms, duty 20% V 3.0 A 2.5 A -0.3 to +6 V MONI/EMO input voltage Vmoni/Vemo Allowable power dissipation Pd max1 1 unit -0.3 to +6 V 3.0 W Pd max2 * 5.4 W Operating temperature Topr -20 to +85 °C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +150 °C * Specified circuit board : 90.0mm×90.0mm×1.6mm, glass epoxy 2-layer board, with backside mounting. Caution 1) Absolute maximum ratings represent the value which cannot be exceeded for any length of time. Caution 2) Even when the device is used within the range of absolute maximum ratings, as a result of continuous usage under high temperature, high current, high voltage, or drastic temperature change, the reliability of the IC may be degraded. Please contact us for the further details. Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2013 June, 2013 90711 SY 20110902-S00001 No.A1975-1/17 LV8772 Allowable Operating Ratings at Ta = 25°C Parameter Symbol Conditions Ratings Unit Supply voltage range VM 9 to 32 V Logic input voltage VIN 0 to 5.5 V VREF input voltage range VREF 0 to 3 V Electrical Characteristics at Ta = 25°C, VM = 24V, VREF = 1.5V Parameter Standby mode current drain Symbol IMst Conditions Ratings min typ ST = “L” Unit max 100 400 μA mA Current drain IM ST = “H”, with no load 3.2 5 VREG5 output voltage Vreg5 IO = -1mA 4.5 5 5.5 V Thermal shutdown temperature TSD Design guarantee 150 180 200 °C Thermal hysteresis width ΔTSD Design guarantee °C 40 Motor driver Output on resistance Ronu IO = 2.5A, Upper-side on resistance 0.3 0.4 Ω Rond IO = 2.5A, Lower-side on resistance 0.25 0.33 Ω 50 μA 1.2 1.4 V 4 8 12 μA 30 50 70 μA 0.8 V Output leakage current IOleak Diode forward voltage VD ID = -2.5A Logic pin input current IINL VIN = 0.8V IINH VIN = 5V Logic high-level input voltage VINH Logic low-level input voltage VINL Current setting 4W1-2-phase Vtdac0_4W comparator drive 2.0 Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 V 0.291 0.3 0.309 V comparator level) threshold Vtdac1_4W Step 1 (Initial state+1) 0.291 0.3 0.309 V voltage Vtdac2_4W Step 2 (Initial state+2) 0.285 0.294 0.303 V Vtdac3_4W Step 3 (Initial state+3) 0.279 0.288 0.297 V Vtdac4_4W Step 4 (Initial state+4) 0.267 0.276 0.285 V Vtdac5_4W Step 5 (Initial state+5) 0.255 0.264 0.273 V Vtdac6_4W Step 6 (Initial state+6) 0.240 0.249 0.258 V Vtdac7_4W Step 7 (Initial state+7) 0.222 0.231 0.240 V Vtdac8_4W Step 8 (Initial state+8) 0.201 0.210 0.219 V Vtdac9_4W Step 9 (Initial state+9) 0.180 0.189 0.198 V Vtdac10_4W Step 10 (Initial state+10) 0.157 0.165 0.173 V Vtdac11_4W Step 11 (Initial state+11) 0.134 0.141 0.148 V Vtdac12_4W Step 12 (Initial state+12) 0.107 0.114 0.121 V Vtdac13_4W Step 13 (Initial state+13) 0.080 0.087 0.094 V Vtdac14_4W Step 14 (Initial state+14) 0.053 0.060 0.067 V Vtdac15_4W Step 15 (Initial state+15) 0.023 0.030 0.037 V Vtdac0_W Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V V (current step switching) W1-2-phase drive 1-2 phase drive comparator level) Vtdac4_W Step 4 (Initial state+1) 0.267 0.276 0.285 Vtdac8_W Step 8 (Initial state+2) 0.201 0.21 0.219 V Vtdac12_W Step 12 (Initial state+3) 0.107 0.114 0.121 V Vtdac0_H Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V comparator level) Vtdac8_H Step 8 (Initial state+1) 0.201 0.21 0.219 V Vtdac8_F Step 8' (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V Current setting comparator Vtatt00 ATT1 = L, ATT2 = L 0.291 0.3 0.309 V threshold voltage Vtatt01 ATT1 = H, ATT2 = L 0.232 0.24 0.248 V 2 phase drive comparator level) (current attenuation rate switching) Vtatt10 ATT1 = L, ATT2 = H 0.143 0.15 0.157 V Vtatt11 ATT1 = H, ATT2 = H 0.053 0.06 0.067 V Chopping frequency Fchop Cchop = 180pF 45 55 65 kHz CHOP pin charge/discharge current Ichop 7 10 13 μA Continued on next page. No.A1975-2/17 LV8772 Continued from preceding page. Parameter Symbol Conditions Ratings min typ max Unit Chopping oscillation circuit Vtup 0.8 1 1.2 V threshold voltage Vtdown 0.4 0.5 0.6 V VREF pin input current Iref VREF = 1.5V MONI pin saturation voltage Vsatmon Imoni = 1mA μA -0.5 400 mV 28.7 29.8 V 200 500 μS 125 150 kHz 400 mV Charge pump VG output voltage VG 28 Rise time tONG VG = 0.1μF, CP1-CP2 = 0.1μF, ST = “H” →VG = VM+4V Oscillator frequency Fosc 90 Output short-circuit protection EMO pin saturation voltage Vsatemo Iemo = 1mA Package Dimensions unit : mm (typ) 3147C 15 12.7 11.2 8.4 28 0.4 R1.7 1 14 20.0 4.0 4.0 26.75 (1.81) 0.6 1.78 1.0 SANYO : DIP28H(500mil) Pd max - Ta Allowable power dissipation, Pd max - W 7.0 6.0 With substrate 5.4 5.0 2.20 1 unit 3.0 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0 —20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ambient temperature, Ta - C No.A1975-3/17 + - SGND VREF VREG5 MONI PGND VM LVS TSD + - CHOP Oscillation circuit Regulator ATT2 Attenuator (4 levels selectable) ST ATT1 Charge pump Output preamplifier stage RF1 Current selection (4W1-2/ W1-2/1-2/2) + OUT A OUT B VM VM2 OUT2A + RF2 Current selection (4W1-2/ W1-2/1-2/2) OUT2B MD1 MD2 FR STEP RST Output control logic Output preamplifier stage VG Output preamplifier stage CP1 Output preamplifier stage CP2 EMO LV8772 Block Diagram No.A1975-4/17 LV8772 Pin Assignment VM 1 28 CP2 VG 2 27 CP1 OUT1A 3 26 VREG5 PGND 4 25 ATT2 VM1 5 24 ATT1 RF1 6 23 EMO OUT1B 7 22 CHOP MONI LV8772 OUT2A 8 21 RF2 9 20 RST VM2 10 19 STEP PGND 11 18 FR OUT2B 12 17 GND 13 16 MD1 VREF 14 15 MD2 ST Top view Pin Functions Pin No. Pin Name Pin Functtion 25 ATT2 Motor holding current switching pin. 24 ATT1 Motor holding current switching pin. 20 RST RESET input pin 19 STEP STEP signal input pin 18 FR CW / CCW signal input pin 17 MD2 Excitation mode switching pin 2 16 MD1 Excitation mode switching pin 1 Equivalent Circuit VREG5 GND 15 ST Chip enable pin. VREG5 GND Continued on next page. No.A1975-5/17 LV8772 Continued from preceding page. Pin No. Pin Name Pin Functtion 12 OUT2B Channel 2 OUTB output pin. 4/11 PGND Power system ground. 10 VM2 Channel 2 motor power supply 9 RF2 8 OUT2A Channel 2 OUTA output pin. 7 OUT1B Channel 1 OUTB output pin. 6 RF1 Channel 1 current-sense resistor 5 VM1 Channel 1 motor power supply pin. 3 OUT1A Channel 1 OUTA output pin Equivalent Circuit 5 10 connection pin. Channel 2 current-sense resistor connection pin. 3 8 7 12 connection pin. 4 11 6 9 GND 2 VG Charge pump capacitor connection pin. 1 VM Motor power supply connection pin. 28 CP2 Charge pump capacitor connection pin. 27 CP1 Charge pump capacitor connection pin 27 1 28 2 VREG5 GND 14 VREF Constant current control reference voltage input pin VREG5 GND 26 VREG5 Internal power supply capacitor connection pin VM GND Continued on next page. No.A1975-6/17 LV8772 Continued from preceding page. Pin No. 23 Pin Name EMO Pin Functtion Equivalent Circuit Output short-circuit state warning output VREG5 pin. 21 MONI Position detection monitor pin. GND 22 CHOP Chopping frequency setting capacitor connection pin VREG5 GND No.A1975-7/17 LV8772 Description of operation Input Pin Function (1) Chip enable function This IC is switched between standby and operating mode by setting the ST pin. In standby mode, the IC is set to power-save mode and all logic is reset. In addition, the internal regulator circuit and charge pump circuit do not operate in standby mode. ST Mode Internal regulator Low or Open Standby mode Standby Charge pump Standby High Operating mode Operating Operating Stepping mode drive method (1) STEP pin function Operating mode Input ST STP Low * Standby mode High Excitation step proceeds High Excitation step is kept (2) Excitation mode setting function MD1 MD2 Excitation mode Initial position Channel 1 Channel 2 Low Low 2 phase excitation 100% -100% High Low 1-2 phase excitation 100% 0% Low High W1-2 phase excitation 100% 0% High High 4W1-2 phase excitation 100% 0% This is the initial position of each excitation mode in the initial state after power-on and when the counter is reset. (3) Position detection monitoring function The MONI position detection monitoring pin is of an open drian type. When the excitation position is in the initial position, the MONI output is placed in the ON state. (Refer to "Examples of current waveforms in each of the excitation modes.") (4) Setting constant-current control reference current This IC is designed to automatically exercise PWM constant-current chopping control for the motor current by setting the output current. Based on the voltage input to the VREF pin and the resistance connected between RF and GND, the output current that is subject to the constant-current control is set using the calculation formula below : IOUT = (VREF/5)/RF resistance * The above setting is the output current at 100% of each excitation mode. The voltage input to the VREF pin can be switched to four-step settings depending on the statuses of the two inputs, ATT1 and ATT2. This is effective for reducing power consumption when motor holding current is supplied. Attenuation function for VREF input voltage ATT1 ATT2 Current setting reference voltage attenuation ratio Low Low 100% High Low 80% Low High 50% High High 20% The formula used to calculate the output current when using the function for attenuating the VREF input voltage is given below. IOUT = (VREF/5) × (attenuation ratio)/RF resistance No.A1975-8/17 LV8772 Example : At VREF of 1.5V, a reference voltage setting of 100% [(ATT1, ATT2) = (L, L)] and an RF resistance of 0.22Ω, the output current is set as shown below. IOUT = 1.5V/5 × 100%/0.22Ω = 1.36A If, in this state, (ATT1, ATT2) is set to (H, H), IOUT will be as follows : IOUT = 1.36A × 20% = 272mA In this way, the output current is attenuated when the motor holding current is supplied so that power can be conserved. (5) Blanking period If, when exercising PWM constant-current chopping control over the motor current, the mode is switched from decay to charge, the recovery current of the parasitic diode may flow to the current sensing resistance, causing noise to be carried on the current sensing resistance pin, and this may result in erroneous detection. To prevent this erroneous detection, a blanking period is provided to prevent the noise occurring during mode switching from being received. During this period, the mode is not switched from charge to decay even if noise is carried on the current sensing resistance pin. This IC is the blanking time is fixed at approximately 1μs. (6) Reset function RST Operating mode Low Normal operation High Reset state RST RESET STEP MONI 1ch output 0% 2ch output Initial state When the RST pin is set to High, the excitation position of the output is forcibly set to the initial state, and the MONI output is placed in the ON state. When RST is then set to Low, the excitation position is advanced by the next STEP input. No.A1975-9/17 LV8772 (7) Forward/reverse switching function FR Operating mode Low Clockwise (CW) High Counter-clockwise (CCW) FR CW mode CCW mode CW mode STEP Excitation position (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (5) (4) (3) (4) (5) 1ch output 2ch output The internal D/A converter proceeds by one bit at the rising edge of the input STEP pulse. In addition, CW and CCW mode are switched by setting the FR pin. In CW mode, the channel 2 current phase is delayed by 90° relative to the channel 1 current. In CCW mode, the channel 2 current phase is advanced by 90° relative to the channel 1 current. (8) Chopping frequency setting For constant-current control, this IC performs chopping operations at the frequency determined by the capacitor (Cchop) connected between the CHOP pin and GND. The chopping frequency is set as shown below by the capacitor (Cchop) connected between the CHOP pin and GND. Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) (Hz) Ichop : Capacitor charge/discharge current, typ 10μA Vtchop : Charge/discharge hysteresis voltage (Vtup-Vtdown), typ 0.5V For instance, when Cchop is 180pF, the chopping frequency will be as follows : Fchop = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz No.A1975-10/17 LV8772 (9) Output current vector locus (one step is normalized to 90 degrees) Channeel 1 Phase vurrent ratio(%) 100.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 100.0 Channeel 2 Phase vurrent ratio(%) Setting current ration in each excitation mode STEP 4W1-2 phase (%) Channel 1 W1-2 phase (%) Channel 2 Channel 1 θ0 100 0 θ1 100 10 θ2 98 20 θ3 96 29 θ4 92 38 θ5 88 47 θ6 83 55 θ7 77 63 θ8 70 70 θ9 63 77 θ10 55 83 θ11 47 88 θ12 38 92 θ13 29 96 θ14 20 98 θ15 10 100 θ16 0 100 1-2 phase (%) Channel 2 Channel 1 100 0 92 38 70 70 38 92 0 100 2-phase (%) Channel 2 Channel 1 100 0 70 70 0 100 100 Channel 2 100 No.A1975-11/17 LV8772 (10) Typical current waveform in each excitation mode 2-phase excitation (CW mode) STEP MONI (%) 100 l1 0 -100 (%) 100 I2 0 -100 1-2 phase excitation (CW mode) STEP MONI (%) 100 I1 0 -100 (%) 100 I2 0 -100 No.A1975-12/17 LV8772 W1-2 phase excitation (CW mode) STEP MONI (%) 100 I1 0 -100 (%) 100 I2 0 -100 4W1-2 phase excitation (CW mode) STEP MONI [%] 100 50 I1 0 -50 -100 [%] 100 50 I2 0 -50 -100 No.A1975-13/17 LV8772 (11) Current control operation specification (Sine wave increasing direction) STEP Set current Set current Coil current Forced CHARGE section fchop Current mode CHARGE SLOW FAST CHARGE SLOW FAST (Sine wave decreasing direction) STEP Set current Coil current Forced CHARGE section Set current fchop Current mode CHARGE SLOW FAST Forced CHARGE section FAST CHARGE SLOW In each current mode, the operation sequence is as described below : • At rise of chopping frequency, the CHARGE mode begins. (In the time defined as the “blanking time,” the CHARGE mode is forced regardless of the magnitude of the coil current (ICOIL) and set current (IREF).) • The coil current (ICOIL) and set current (IREF) are compared in this blanking time. When (ICOIL < IREF) state exists ; The CHARGE mode up to ICOIL ≥ IREF, then followed by changeover to the SLOW DECAY mode, and finally by the FAST DECAY mode for approximately 1μs. When (ICOIL < IREF) state does not exist ; The FAST DECAY mode begins. The coil current is attenuated in the FAST DECAY mode till one cycle of chopping is over. Above operations are repeated. Normally, the SLOW (+FAST) DECAY mode continues in the sine wave increasing direction, then entering the FAST DECAY mode till the current is attenuated to the set level and followed by the SLOW DECAY mode. No.A1975-14/17 LV8772 Output short-circuit protection function This IC incorporates an output short-circuit protection circuit that, when the output has been shorted by an event such as shorting to power or shorting to ground, sets the output to the standby mode and turns on the warning output in order to prevent the IC from being damaged. This function sets the output to the standby mode for both channels by detecting the short-circuiting in one of the channels. (1) Output short-circuit protection method The output short-circuit protection method of LV8772 is a latch method to turn off the output when the output current exceeds the detection current, and to maintain the state. The detection of the output short-circuited state by the IC causes the output short-circuit protection circuit to be activated. All the outputs of correspondence ch side where the short-circuit was first detected are switched to the standby mode when the short-circuit is the consecutive between internal timers (approximately 4μs), and the state is maintained. This state is released by setting ST to low. H-bridge output state Short-circuit detection state Output ON Standby state Short- Release circuit Short-circuit Internal counter 1st counter start 1st counter 1st counter stop start 1st counter end (2) Unusual condition warning output pins (EMO) The LV8772 is provided with the EMO pin which notifies the CPU of an unusual condition if the protection circuit operates by detecting an unusual condition of the IC. This pin is of the open-drain output type and when an unusual condition is detected, the EMO output is placed in the ON (EMO = Low) state. Furthermore, the EMO pin is placed in the ON state when one of the following conditions occurs. 1. Shorting-to-power, shorting-to-ground, or shorting-to-load occurs at the output pin and the output short-circuit protection circuit is activated. 2. The IC junction temperature rises and the thermal protection circuit is activated. No.A1975-15/17 LV8772 Charge Pump Circuit When the ST pin is set High, the charge pump circuit operates and the VG pin voltage is boosted from the VM voltage to the VM + VREG5 voltage. If the VG pin voltage is not boosted sufficiently, the output cannot be controlled, so be sure to provide a wait time of tONG or more after setting the ST pin High before starting to drive the motor. ST VG pin voltage VM+VREG5 VM+4V VM tONG VG Pin Voltage Schematic View No.A1975-16/17 LV8772 Application Circuit Example • Stepping motor driver circuit 24V - + 1 VM CP2 28 2 VG CP1 27 3 OUT1A 4 PGND ATT2 25 5 VM1 ATT1 24 6 RF1 EMO 23 180pF MONI 21 OUT2A 9 RF2 RST 20 10 VM2 STEP 19 11 PGND Position detection monitor Clock input FR 18 12 OUT2B MD2 17 13 GND MD1 16 14 VREF Short-circuit state detection monitor CHOP 22 8 M - + LV8772 7 OUT1B VREG5 26 Logic input ST 15 1.5V The formulae for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows : Constant current (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V IOUT = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.5V/5/0.22Ω = 1.36A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). 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