Cobra Data Sheet

SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
DC Solid State Power Controller Module
Description:
The SPDP03D375 Solid State Power Controller
(SSPC) Module is designed to operate without
any heat sink requirements.
It is a
microcontroller-based Solid State Relay rated up
to 3A, designed to be used in high reliability
375V DC applications. This module has an
integrated current sensing with no de-rating over
the full operating temperature range, and works
as
an
electronic
equivalent
to
an
electromechanical circuit breaker with isolated
control and status.
This module is programmable from 0.9A to 3A,
and also allows programming the Instant Trip
level from 400% to 700% of maximum rating.
Compliant Documents & Standards:
MIL-STD-704F
MIL-STD-217F, Notice 2
Aircraft Electrical Power Characteristics, 12 March 2004
Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment, 28 Feb 1995
Features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No additional heat sinking required.
No derating Over the Full Temperature Range
Low Weight (40 gms)
Epoxy Shell Construction
Solid State Reliability
High Power Density
Survives short circuit
Battleshort input
Benefits:
Sensitron‟s SSPC technology and products combine functionalities of electro-mechanical breakers, solid state
relays and system monitors and provide the following benefits to our customers:
•
•
•
•
•
Electrical load protection and monitoring - current, voltage and temperature measurements
Operational improvements by allowing for diagnostics, prognostics and condition-based configuration
Life cycle cost savings and reduced cost of ownership
Increased radius of operation through power budgeting and load shedding
Crew offloading and intelligent load management
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Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 www.sensitron.com [email protected]
COMPETITION SENSITIVE
Page 1
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Electrical Features (SPDPXXD375 Series):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
375VDC Input with Very Low Voltage Drop; 110mV, typ. @ 3A for SPDP03D375
2
True I t Protection up to 7X rating with Nuisance Trip Suppression
2
I t Protection level externally programmable to 30% of the maximum rating
Instant Trip Protection level externally programmable from 400% to 700% of maximum rating
Reports Loss of Line Voltage
Reports Over Temperature condition and turns off during this condition
Output Leakage Sink for safe output voltage when SPDP03D375 turned off
No trip operation up to 40 µF of output capacitance,
Instant Trip Protection (250 sec typ.) for Loads Above programmed Instant Trip level
Unlimited Interrupt Capability; Repetitive Fault Handling Capability
Thermal Memory
Internally Generated Isolated Supply to Drive the Switch
Low Bias Supply Current: 75 mA typ. @ 5V DC
High Control Circuit Isolation: 750V DC Control to Power Circuit
Soft Turn-On to Reduce EMC Issues
EMI Tolerant
Module Reset with a Low Level Signal; Reset Circuit is Trip-Free
TTL/CMOS Compatible, Optically Isolated, Input and Outputs
Schmitt-Trigger Control Input for Noise Immunity
Table 1 - Electrical Characteristics (at 25 oC and Vbias = 5.0V DC unless otherwise specified)
Control & Status (TTL/CMOS Compatible)
BIAS (Vcc)
BIAS (Vcc) Current
S1 and S2 Status Signals
5.0V DC Nominal, 5.5V DC Absolute Maximum
4.5V to 5.5 VDC
75 mA typ
100 mA max
Voh=4.6V min, at Ioh=-4mA
Vol=0.4V max, at Iol=4mA
CONTROL, Battle Short Signal Input
VIL = 0V to 0.8V measured w.r.t Bias Rtn
VIH = 2.0V to 5V measured w.r.t Bias Rtn
Reset
Cycle CONTROL Signal
Power
Input Voltage – Continuous
– Transient
Power Dissipation
Current
Max Voltage Drop
Trip time
Output Rise Time (turn ON)
Output Fall Time under normal turn-off
Output Fall Time under short
Min Load Requirement
0 to 425V DC, 500V DC Absolute Maximum
+600V or –600V Spike (< 10 µsec)
See Table 4
See Table 4
See Figure 1, Trip Curve
See Table 4
See Figure 1, Trip Curve
2000 sec typ
500 µsec typ
50 µsec typ
Nil
Protection
Short Circuit Protection
Instant Trip
Unlimited
400% - 700%, programmable
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Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 2
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Table 2 - Physical Characteristics
Temperature
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
TA = -40 C to +100 C
TA = -55 C to +125 C
Environmental
Altitude
Case Dimensions
Operating Orientation
Weight
MTBF (Estimate: MIL STD 217F)
Up to 30,000 ft.
Can be installed in an unpressurized area
2.50”L x 1.00”W x 0.50”H
Any
40 gms
TBD hrs at 25 C Full load
Pin Descriptions
+5V BIAS:
+5V RTN:
BATTLE SHORT:
S1 STATUS:
S2 STATUS:
CONTROL:
INSTANT TRIP ADJ:
I2T TRIP ADJ:
LOAD:
LINE:
POWER RTN:
Power supply for the SPDP unit
Power return for the SPDP unit
Battle short command. The SPDP will be forced on when this pin has been
commanded high
Status indication output
Status indication output
Controls the SPDP on and off, active high
This pin programs the instant trip level from 400% to 700% of the rating by putting
a resistor between this pin to LOAD.
2
This pin programs the I T trip level from 30% to 100% of the rating by putting a
resistor between this pin to the LOAD
Connect LOAD to this pin
Connect Input Line voltage to this pin
This pin controls the turn on/off speed, and also discharges the LOAD when the
SPDP is off, while it has been connected to Power Return.
I2T TRIP curve
2
I T current trip is guaranteed to happen when the input current is higher than 145% of the configured
rating, and guaranteed not to happen when the input current is below 115% of the programed rating. Trip
time is described in Figure 1.a and Figure 1.b. Please notice that if the instant trip level has been configured
lower than 700%, any current above the instant trip point will cause a immediately turn off. In both figures,
the Y axis is referenced to the programed current rating. For example, in Figure 1.b, 100% on Y axis means
30% of 3A.
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Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 3
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Figure 1.a - Trip Curve for 100% configuration
Figure 1.b - Trip Curve for 30% configuration
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Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 4
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Table 3 - Signal Timing – (-40 oC to 100 oC @ LINE = 375V DC)
Parameter
CONTROL to GATE Status Delay for Turn On
Turn ON Delay
Load Current Rise Time
CONTROL to GATE Status Delay for Turn Off
CONTROL to current start to decrease
Load voltage Fall Time
Symbol
t0
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
Min ( s)
100
150
1000
1200
1200
200
Max ( s)
450
600
2500
2000
2000
700
Note: Current Falling Time from trip dependent on magnitude of overload
© 2011 Sensitron Semiconductor 221 West Industry Court
Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 5
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Figure 2 - Mechanical Dimensions and Pin Assignments
All dimensions are in inches
© 2011 Sensitron Semiconductor 221 West Industry Court
Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 6
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Table 4 – Individual Power Dissipation Data (includes Vbias Power)
SPDP03D375
Current Rating
Power Dissipation
Max Voltage Drop
SPDP03D375 Set for
0.9 Amp Rating
SPDP03D375 Set for
3 Amp Rating
0.9A
O
0.42W typ @ 0.6A 25 C
O
0.47W max @ 0.9A 25 C
O
0.51W max @ 0.9A 100 C
O
44mV typ @ 0.6A 25 C
O
77mV max @ 0.9A 25 C
O
140mV max @ 0.9A 100 C
3A
O
0.56W typ @ 1.8A 25 C
O
1.2W max @ 3A 25 C
O
1.90W max @ 3A 100 C
O
100mV typ @ 1.8A 25 C
O
260mV max @ 3A 25 C
O
490mV max @ 3A 100 C
Figure 3 - Electrical Block Diagram
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 7
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
Description
Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the SPDP03D375 SSPC. It uses a digital isolator for digital I/O. The
block labeled “Control (µC)” gets power from the DC-DC converter and is referenced to the output of the
SSPC. This block contains an amplifier to gain up the voltage developed across the sense resistor. It also
contains a microcontroller with on-board timers, A/D converter, clock generator and independent watchdog
2
timer. The microcontroller implements a precision I t protection curve as well as an Instant Trip function to
protect the wiring and to protect itself. It performs all of the functions of multiple analog comparators and
discrete logic in one high-reliability component.
The code programmed in the microcontroller acquires the output of the internal A/D converter, squares the
result and applies it to a simulated RC circuit. It checks the output of the simulated circuit to determine
whether or not to trip (turn off the power MOSFETs). Because the microcontroller simulates an analog RC
circuit, the SSPC has „thermal memory‟. That is, it trips faster if there had been current flowing prior to the
overload than if there hadn‟t been current flowing. This behavior imitates thermal circuit breakers and better
protects the application‟s wiring since the wiring cannot take as much an overload if current had been
flowing prior to the overload.
The watchdog timer operates from its own internal clock so a failure of the main clock will not stop the
watchdog timer. The code programmed in the microcontroller will periodically reset the watchdog timer
preventing it from timing out. If the code malfunctions for any reason, the watchdog timer is not reset and it
times out. When the watchdog timer times out, it resets the microcontroller. Since the code is designed to
detect levels and not edges, the output of the module, and therefore the output of the SPDPXXD375,
immediately reflects the command on its input.
The Control block also has the ability for the user to adjust the current rating by varying the trip point with a
2
resistor between the “I t TRIP ADJ” pin and the “LOAD” pin, to adjust the Instant Trip current level with a
resistor between the “INSTANT TRIP ADJ” pin and the “LOAD” pin. See Equation (1) to select the
appropriate resistor for adjusting the current rating. See Equation 2 to select the appropriate resistor for
adjusting the Instant Trip current.
2
Select RI2T to program the current rating between 0.9A and 3A. Please notice the actual I t trip level is
2
between 115% and 145% of the programed current according to the I T trip curve.
R
I
I2T
I
0
3
3.24 10
i2t_trip
I
Equation (1)
0.3 I
i2t trip
0
Select RINST to program the instant trip level between 400% and 700% of the rated current.
R
3
INST
18.2 10
7I
0
I
I
inst_trip
inst_trip
Equation (2)
4I
0
Note: I0 is rated current for the SSPC unit 3A.
The Power MOSFETs used in the SPDP03D375 have been selected for very low Rds (on) and result in
low voltage drop and low power dissipation. As can be seen in Table 4, when the SPDP03D375 is
operated at 3 Amps, 100% of rated current, it dissipates less than 1.9 Watt in the whole temperature range.
When operates at extreme temperature, some heat sink can be accomplished by adding copper area to the
“LINE” and “LOAD” pins, a heat sink can be epoxy attached to the surface of the module or a flat copper or
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Deer Park, NY 11729-4681
Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 www.sensitron.com [email protected]
SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 8
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. aluminum heat sink can be sandwiched between the SPDP03D375 and the printed circuit board using a
thermal pad to maximize heat transfer. Each application should be evaluated at maximum expected
constant current.
The SPDP03D375 has sufficient thermal mass that the temperature will rise only a few degrees under the
worst-case overload. Repetitive overloads should be avoided. When the SPDPXXD375 reports a trip
condition, the controller driving the SPDPXXD375 should allow no more than four repetitions and then allow
thirty seconds to cool down before trying to turn on again.
The SPDP03D375 will trip on overloads in the ALWAYS TRIP region and will never trip when in the NEVER
TRIP region. It can be reset by bringing the CONTROL pin to a logic low. When the “CONTROL” pin is
brought back to logic high, the SPDP03D375 will turn back on. If the overload is still present, it will trip
again. Cycling the “5 Volt BIAS” power will also reset the SPDP03D375. If the “CONTROL” pin is at logic
high when the “5 Volt BIAS” power is cycled, the SPDP03D375 will turn back on when the “5 Volt BIAS”
power is re-applied.
Status Table
Table 5 shows the states of the “S1” and “S2” status outputs.
BS CONTROL OUTPUT STATUS STATUS S2
INPUT
S1
1
0
0
OFF
0
0
2
0
0
OFF
0
1
3
0
0
OFF
1
1
4
0
1
ON
0
0
5
0
1
OFF
0
1
6
0
1
OFF
1
0
7
1
X
ON
0
0
8
1
X
ON
0
1
9
1
X
ON
1
0
Table 5 – Control and Status
SSPC STATUS
Normal Off
Over Temp
No Line Voltage
Normal On
Over Temp
Tripped
Battle short On
Over Temp observed
Trip condition observed
Normal Off – The SSPC is functioning normally and the channel is off. Both “S1” and “S2” status
outputs go to a low level
o
Over Temperature – An unsafe operating temperature (116 C typical) is detected.
a. During normal operation (2, 5), the channel will be turned off. When the temperature drops to
o
about 101 C, the “S2” status output goes back low and the output of the SPDP03D375 is
turned back on
b. During BS, the condition will only be reported.
No Line Voltage - Both “S1” and “S2” status outputs go to a high level when the line voltage drops
below 5 volts or when the load has not been discharged to 5V lower than the line voltage after turn off
command. This status has higher priority than over temperature status.
Normal On – The SSPC is functioning normally and the channel is on.
2
a. Tripped – The channel current surpassed the programmed I t/instant trip point of the
SPDP03XD375.
b. During normal operation the channel will turn off and “S1” will be high and “S2” will be low until
reset.
c. During BS, and “S1” will be high and “S2” will be low to indicate the condition has been
detected.
Battleshort On - The BS mode has priority over all status conditions that would turn off the channel.
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
Page 9
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. -
High Voltage Considerations
The SPDP03D375 is designed for 375VDC systems. It contains an Output Leakage Sink to ensure that the
output is at a safe voltage when it is off (whether it is turned off or is off due to loss of 5V BIAS Power). This
circuitry absorbs the leakage current from the main switch and keeps the output voltage less than 1.5VDC
over the temperature range. Figure 3 shows the Output Leakage Sink as a simple switch. However, the
Output Leakage Sink is a transistor operating as a current source with a value of 80 mA. When the current
into the output leakage sink is less than 80 mA, the transistor saturates and the output leakage sink looks
like a resistor of about 60 Ohms. 80 mA can be used to determine how long it takes to discharge a
particular load capacitance if the load is a pure capacitance. If the load is a combination of resistance and
capacitance, it‟s likely that the RC time constant will discharge the capacitance faster than the output
leakage sink.
Sufficient spacing should be allowed on the user‟s PCB between the 375VDC line supply and the 375VDC
power return and between the CONTROL and 5VDC Bias circuits and the 375VDC circuit to prevent arcing.
Due to the small size of the SPDP03D375, the spacing between pins is small so conformal coating should
be used to prevent arcing, especially if transient voltages above 375VDC are possible.
Wire Size
MIL-W-5088L has a chart that shows wire size as a function of wire temperature and current. This chart is
o
for a single copper wire in free air. For an ambient temperature of 70 C, the chart allows a 26-gauge wire
o
o
to handle 3 Amps continuously at a wire temperature of 100 C – a wire temperature rise of 30 C.
Amendment 1 of MIL-W-5088L has a table for copper wire in a bundle, group or harness with condition on
the number of wires, percent of total harness capacity, etc. This table shows that a 22 gauge wire is
o
necessary for 105 C operation.
MIL-W-5088L has various figures showing derating for harnesses as a function of the number of current
carrying conductors for different altitudes. MIL-W-5088L only specifies wire for DC or RMS AC conditions,
not for transient or overload conditions. MIL-W-5088L and its amendment should be consulted to determine
minimum wire sizes for other currents and conditions.
For transient or overload conditions, the transient or overload happens so quickly that heat is not transferred
2
from the wire to the surroundings. The heat caused by the I R heating of the wire causes the temperature
to rise at a linear rate controlled by the heat capacity of the wire. The equation for this linear rise in
2
2
temperature, with respect to time, can be solved as: I t = constant. Every wire has an I t rating that‟s
2
dependent on the temperature rise allowed and the diameter of the wire. If the I t rating of the SSPC or
2
circuit breaker is less than the I t rating of the wire, then the SSPC or circuit breaker can protect the wire.
2
2
The maximum I t rating for the SPD03D375 is 11.7 Amp -Seconds. Every wire size in the paragraphs
2
2
above has an I t rating that exceeds the SPDP03D375 I t rating for the temperature rises stated. Therefore,
to select a wire size, it‟s simply a matter of determining the maximum temperature rise of the application and
deciding whether or not the wire will be in a bundle and use the information above.
Application Connections
Due to the presence of the circuitry that keeps the output at safe voltage when the SPDP03D375 is off, it
may only be configured as a high-side switch as shown in Figure 3.
Rise Time & Fall Time
The rise and fall times of the SPDP03D375 are pre-set at the factory for a nominal 2mS rise time and 500µS
fall time with a LINE supply of 375VDC (see Table 1 for min/max limits). The rise and fall times will vary
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SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. linearly with supply voltage. The “PWR RTN” pin is used to control the rise and fall times. If the “PWR
RTN” pin is left open, the rise time will be around 400µS, and the fall time will be around 50µS (control to
gate change delay will stay the same). Leaving the “PWR RTN” pin open can be useful when a faster rise
or fall time is desirable; however, the Output Leakage Sink will not be functional with the “PWR RTN” pin
open. And fault may be tripped by capacitive load.
With the “PWR RTN” pin connected as in Figures 3, the SPDP03D375, when set for a 3 Amp rating, can
turn on into a capacitive load of 40µF, typ. without tripping for any power supply voltage within the rating.
Short circuit definition
With the “PWR RTN” pin connected as in Figures 3, SPDPxxD375 can survive at short circuit condition
which has been defined by 0.1Ohm resistor in series with 1.35uH inductance cross the LOAD and
LOAD_RTN. At 25 C, short circuit trip level has been defined as current larger than 21.2A (typical). And
this short circuit trip level will decrease with temperature linearly at a rate of 0.1A/ C (typical). So the unit will
trip at lower current level when at higher temperature to protect itself, which means at high temperature,
short circuit trip level may be lower than the set instant trip level.
Wiring and Load Inductance
Wiring inductance can cause voltage transients when the SPDP03D375 is switched off due to an overload.
Generally, these transients are small but must be considered when long wires are used on either the “LINE”
or “LOAD” pins or both. A 30 foot length of wire in free air will cause a transient voltage of about 10 Volts
when the SPDP03D375 trips at an Instant Trip level of 21 Amps. At the rated load current of 3 Amps, the
voltage transient will be less than 1 Volt. A transient suppressor is recommended at the “LINE” pin so that
the total voltage between the “LINE” and “LOAD” pins is less than 500 Volts. The SPDP03D375V unit
includes a reverse biased diode from the “LOAD” to “PWR RTN” pins to prevent damaging transients on the
output due to inductive loads.
Paralleling
For example, putting two SPDP03D375s in parallel will not double the rating to 6 Amps. Due to differences
in the Rds (on) of the Power Mosfets in the SSPCs, the current will not share equally. In addition, there are
unit-to-unit differences in the trip curves so that two SPDP03D375s in parallel may possibly trip at 5 Amps.
Also, both SPDP03D375s will not trip together; the SPDP03D375 carrying the higher current will trip first
followed by the other SPDP03D375. Multiple units may be used in parallel as long as these complexities
are appreciated.
Board Layout
The current-carrying power circuit should be kept well away from the control circuit and other low-level
circuits in the system. It‟s unlikely, but possible, that magnetic coupling could affect the control circuit when
turning normal loads on and off. However, in the case of an overload, the magnetic coupling could be 10
times greater than with normal loads. Effects of such coupling could cause „chattering‟ when turning on and
off, oscillation, and the possibility of turning the SPDP03D375 back on after an overload. The SPDP03D375
is a Trip-Free device. Once tripped it will not turn back on until reset and commanded on again. Reset is
accomplished by bringing the “CONTROL” pin low and then turning the SSPC back on by bringing the
“CONTROL” pin high. Sufficient magnetic coupling between the current-carrying power circuit and the
control circuit can negate the Trip-Free characteristic.
MIL-STD-704F
This standard covers the characteristics of the electrical systems in Military Aircraft. The SPDP03D375
meets all of the requirements of MIL-STD-704F including Normal, Emergency, Abnormal and Electric
Starting conditions with the Ripple, Distortion Factor and Distortion Spectrum defined in the standard.
In addition, the SPDP03D375 can withstand + 600 V spikes for 10µS. This capability is beyond that
required by MIL-STD-704F.
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SENSITRON PROPRIETARY
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SENSITRON
___
SEMICONDUCTOR
SPDP03D270
SPDP03D375
PART NUMBER: SPDP03D270/SPDP03D375
DATASHEET 5224, Rev. DISCLAIMER:
1- The information given herein, including the specifications and dimensions, is subject to change without prior notice to improve product
characteristics. Before ordering, purchasers are advised to contact the Sensitron Semiconductor sales department for the latest version of
the datasheet(s).
2- In cases where extremely high reliability is required (such as use in nuclear power control, aerospace and aviation, traffic equipment,
medical equipment , and safety equipment) , safety should be ensured by using semiconductor devices that feature assured safety or by
means of users’ fail-safe precautions or other arrangement .
3- In no event shall Sensitron Semiconductor be liable for any damages that may result from an accident or any other cause during
operation of the user’s units according to the datasheet(s). Sensitron Semiconductor assumes no responsibility for any intellectual property
claims or any other problems that may result from applications of information, products or circuits described in the datasheets.
4- In no event shall Sensitron Semiconductor be liable for any failure in a semiconductor device or any secondary damage resulting from
use at a value exceeding the absolute maximum rating.
5- No license is granted by the datasheet(s) under any patents or other rights of any third party or Sensitron Semiconductor.
6- The datasheet(s) may not be reproduced or duplicated, in any form, in whole or part, without the expressed written permission of
Sensitron Semiconductor.
7- The products (technologies) described in the datasheet(s) are not to be provided to any party whose purpose in their application will
hinder maintenance of international peace and safety nor are they to be applied to that purpose by their direct purchasers or any third party.
When exporting these products (technologies), the necessary procedures are to be taken in accordance with related laws and regulations.
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