Proximity Sensors Technical Guide Explanation of Terms Standard Sensing Object Response Time A sensing object that serves as a reference for measuring basic performance, and that is made of specified materials and has a specified shape and dimensions. Standard sensing object • t1: The interval from the point when the standard sensing object moves into the sensing area and the Sensor activates, to the point when the output turns ON. • t2: The interval from the point when the standard sensing object moves out of the Sensor sensing area to the point when the Sensor output turns OFF. Within range d t Proximity Sensor Sensing area ON Output Sensing Distance The distance from the reference position (reference surface) to the measured operation (reset) when the standard sensing object is moved by the specified method. Sensing surface ON Sensing object Proximity Sensor Sensing distance OFF t1 • The number of detection repetitions that can be output per second when the standard sensing object is repeatedly brought into proximity. • See the accompanying diagram for the measuring method. Output f= t1 2M M Set Distance The distance from the reference surface that allows stable use, including the effects of temperature and voltage, to the (standard) sensing object transit position. This is approximately 70% to 80% of the normal (rated) sensing distance. Set distance t3 Standard sensing object M Non-metal Shielded Proximity Sensor Proximity Sensor Output Sensing surface Sensing object t2 1 (Sensing distance) 2 • With a Shielded Sensor, magnetic flux is concentrated in front of the Sensor and the sides of the Sensor coil are covered with metal. • The Sensor can be mounted by embedding it into metal. Rated sensing distance Output Sensing object Hysteresis (Differential Travel) With respect to the distance between the standard sensing object and the Sensor, the difference between the distance at which the Sensor operates and the distance at which the Sensor resets. ON Sensing object 1 t1 + t2 Proximity Sensor Reset distance OFF t2 Response Frequency Output Reference position OFF Outside of range Sensing object Proximity Sensor d Specified sensing object: • Material • Shape • Dimensions • Speed, etc. Sensing distance Reset distance Proximity Sensor Unshielded • With an Unshielded Sensor, magnetic flux is spread widely in front of the Sensor and the sides of the Sensor coil are not covered with metal. • This model is easily affected by surrounding metal objects (magnetic objects), so care must be taken in selecting the mounting location. Output Proximity Sensor Hysteresis Output Sensing object 3 Proximity Sensors Technical Guide Expressing the Sensing Distance When measuring the sensing distance of a Proximity Sensor, the reference position and the direction of approach of the sensing object are determined as follows: Cylindrical/Rectangular Sensors Horizontal sensing distance and sensing area diagram Perpendicular sensing distance (Sensing distance) Reference axis Reset (OFF) Operate (ON) (Hysteresis) Reset (OFF) Operate (ON) Reference plane Sensing object (Hysteresis) Sensing object (Sensing distance) Reference axis Reference plane Proximity Sensor Proximity Sensor Expressed as the measured distance from the reference surface when the standard sensing object approaches from the radial direction (perpendicular to the sensing surface). Expressed as the measured distance from the reference axis when the standard sensing object is moved parallel to the reference surface (sensing surface). This distance depends on the transit position (distance from the reference surface), so it can be expressed as an operating point track. (Sensing Area Diagram) Output Configuration NPN transistor output A general-use transistor can be directly connected to a Programmable Controller or Counter. PNP transistor output Primarily built into machines exported to Europe and other overseas destinations. Non-polarity/non-contact output A 2-wire AC output that can be used for both AC and DC Sensors. Eliminates the need to be concerned about reversing the polarity. Take the following points into account when selecting a DC 2-wire model (polarity/no-polarity). (For details, refer to page 9). •Leakage current: A maximum current of 0.8 mA flows to the load current even when the output is OFF. Check that the load will not operate with this current. Check that the load will operate with this load voltage. •Output residual voltage: When the output is ON, voltage remains in the Sensor, and the voltage applied to the load decreases. Check that the load will operate with this load voltage. Output Configuration NO (normally open) NO When there is an object in the sensing area, the output switching element is turned ON. NC (normally closed) NC When there is no object in the sensing area, the output switching element is turned ON. NO/NC switchable NO/NC switching NO or NC operation can be selected for the output switching element by a switch or other means. 4