MDU 功能使用方法
MDU(Multiplication Division Unit) 功能使用方法
1
适用产品：
1.1 SM59R16A2/ SM59R08A2
1.2 SM59R16A5/ SM59R09A5/ SM59R05A5/SM59R16A3/ SM59R09A3/SM59R05A3
1.3 SM59R04A2/ SM59R04A1/ SM59R03A1/ SM59R02A1
2
MDU 使用概述：
2.1. 使用 MCU 1T 且带有 MDU 之优势，在于大量运算系统中愈复杂则愈显而易见，执行乘除法及位移
指令在数个微秒内即可完成，其相较于一般 1T 或 12T 8051 的效率高出数十倍至百倍。
2.2. 提供快速的硬件除法运算(32/16-bit & 16/16-bit division)、乘法运算(16*16-bit multiplication)、位移
功能(32-bit shift)及归一化(normalize, 去除小数点运算)功能。
2.3. 乘除法功能，仅可使用无号整数形态运算。
2.4. ARCON[7:0]为 MDU 操作缓存器控制。MD5~MD0 为操作数和运算结果。
使用 C 语言相当容易，只要在 Keil C 中加一行指令 “ #pragma mdu_r515 ”
2.5. SM59Rxx 系列 MDU，
于主程序前即可，请参考范例程序。汇编(Assembly)可参考 MDU 操作步骤，依应用流程即可。
2.6. 效率测试比较表，参考如下：
MCU Conditional
1T with MDU
1T without MDU
12T without MDU
0x0000FFFF / 0x00FF
4.560
33.88
280.0
0xFFFFFFFF / 0xFFFF
4.601
36.40
302.0
0xFFFF / 0x00FF
2.320
8.404
64.30
0xFFFF / 0xFFFF
2.320
9.200
76.84
0x00FF x 0xFFFF
6.599
7.922
62.01
0xFFFF x 0xFFFF
6.639
7.960
62.40
0x800FFFFF>>1
3.678
2.317
16.40
0x800FFFFF>>8
3.841
8.081
67.70
0x800FFFFF>>16
3.840
14.48
125.4
0x800FFFFF>>24
3.841
20.87
183.0
Normalizing_Write(0x00000001)
3.079
-
-
Normalizing_Write(0x81008000)
2.600
-
-
Program command
以上MUC皆使用crystal 25MHz为测试条件。 测试速度单位: us
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
1
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
3
UV2 未支持 MDU 功能，建议用使者可更新为 UV3 和 UV4。针对 Keil C UV3 和 UV4 编译(Build)和软
件模拟(Simulation)，如何才能完整的使用 MDU？
方法一.
Step1. 更新 UV4.cdb(或 UV3.cdb)
1-1 使用新茂提供的 UV4.cdb(或 UV3.cdb)档案直接更新
http://www.syncmos.com.tw/download_file/UV4.rar
http://www.syncmos.com.tw/download_file/UV3.rar
1-2 或由行用者自行修改现有的 UV4.cdb(或 UV3.cdb)，修改方式可参考文件，如下：
http://www.syncmos.com.tw/paper_file/IRFWX-A099_A_Keil%20C%20Data%20Base%
20for%20new%20device%20(TC).pdf
Step2. 更新后在 Option for Target\ Target 会出现选项”Use On-Chip Arithmetic Unit”，将
其致能即可，如下图所示：
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
2
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
方法二. 将 MDU 指令”#pragma mdu_r515”加入标头档即可。该方法 Keil C 编译没问题，但注意无法
使用软件模拟(需软件模拟建议使用方法一即可)。
4
以下说明与 MDU 相关的特殊控制缓存器及特殊状态缓存器
Special Function Register (SFR)
Mnemonic
Description
Direct
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
RESET
-
-
STOP
IDLE
40H
Multiplication Division Unit
PCON
ARCON
Power control
Arithmetic
Control register
Multiplication/
MD0
Division Register 0
Multiplication/
MD1
MD2
MD3
MD4
MD5
Division Register 1
Multiplication/
Division Register 2
Multiplication/
Division Register 3
Multiplication/
Division Register 4
Multiplication/
Division Register 5
87H
SMOD
MDUF
-
EFh
MDEF
MDOV
SLR
-
SC[4:0]
00H
00H
E9h
MD0[7:0]
EAh
MD1[7:0]
EBh
MD2[7:0]
ECh
MD3[7:0]
EDh
MD4[7:0]
00H
EEh
MD5[7:0]
00H
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
3
Ver B 2011/01
00H
00H
00H
MDU 功能使用方法
MDU操作步骤，汇编(Assembly)请参考以下三个步骤（C语言的部分已在Keil C编译时完成，使用方式可
直接参考范例程序）：
步骤一: 写入MDx（x = 0~5）缓存器
使用 MDU 运算时，必须注意写入的顺序；所有的应用中缓存器“MD0”都必须是第一个被写入(First
write)，其它缓存器写入后，在最后一个指定的缓存器被写入(Last write)时，MDU 即开始做运算
处理：
Table 6-1: MDU registers write sequence
Operation
32bit/16bit
16bit/16bit
16bit x 16bit
shift/normalizing
First write
MD0 Dividend Low
MD0 Dividend Low
MD0 Multiplicand Low
MD0 LSB
MD1 Dividend
MD1 Dividend High
MD4 Multiplicator Low
MD1
MD1 Multiplicand High
MD2
MD2 Dividend
MD3 Dividend High
Last write
MD3 MSB
MD4 Divisor Low
MD4 Divisor Low
MD5 Divisor High
MD5 Divisor High
MD5 Multiplicator High
ARCON start conversion
步骤二: 执行计算
MDU是否完成计算，可由MDUF旗标判断；当完成时由硬件设定为”1”，在下一次执行计算时硬件会自动清除。
Mnemonic: PCON
Address: 87h
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reset
SMOD
MDUF
-
PMW
-
-
STOP
IDLE
40h
MDUF: MDU 完成旗标(MDU finish flag)
1: 完成时由硬件设定
0: 下一次 MDU 执行时自动清除
下表说明MDU各个功能的执行周期：
Table 6-2: MDU execution times
Operation
Number of Tclk
Division 32bit/16bit
17 clock cycles
Division 16bit/16bit
9 clock cycles
Multiplication
11 clock cycles
Shift
Min. 3 clock cycles, Max. 18 clock cycles
Normalize
Min. 4 clock cycles, Max. 19 clock cycles
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
4
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
步骤三: 由MDx（x = 0~5）读取结果：
读取缓存器时，要注意 “Last read”字节必须是最后被读出．
z
Division应用：Last read为MD5
z
Multiplication, shift和normalizing应用：Last read为MD3
(如下表的斜体字形所示)
Table 6-3: MDU registers read sequence
Operation
32Bit/16Bit
16Bit/16Bit
16Bit x 16Bit
shift/normalizing
First read
MD0 Quotient Low
MD0 Quotient Low
MD0 Product Low
MD0 LSB
MD1 Quotient
MD1 Quotient High
MD1 Product
MD1
MD2 Product
MD2
MD3 Product High
MD3 MSB
MD2 Quotient
MD3 Quotient High
Last read
MD4 Remainder L
MD4 Remainder Low
MD5 Remainder H
MD5 Remainder High
Mnemonic: ARCON
7
6
5
MDEF
MDOV
SLR
Address: EFh
4
3
2
1
0
SC [4:0]
Reset
00h
MDEF: 乘除错误旗标 Multiplication Division Error Flag. (只读)
此旗标将指示错误发生在不正常操作状况，例如算运已经重新开始或被中断．在
第一步骤写入 MD0 时，错误旗标将自动致能；在第三步骤完成读取 MD3(乘法或
位移)或 MD5(除法) 时被禁能．
1.
错误旗标被设定的情形如下：
在第二步骤，MDx 缓存器被运算和写入数据时(重新开始或运算被中断)
错误旗标被致能和 MDx 缓存器被读取 (没有中断运算)
2.
错误旗标被清除的情形如下：
当第二步骤完成(运算成功)，且在第三步骤 MDx 缓存器被读取
MDOV: 乘除溢位旗标 Multiplication Division Overflow flag.(只读)
当 MD0 缓存器被写入数据(first write)时，乘除溢位旗标即被清除为”0”
溢位将于以下状况发生：
1.
除数为”0”
2.
乘法结果为 0000FFFFh
3.
使用归一化(Normalizing)功能启用之前，MD3 的 MSB 为”1”
SLR: 位移方向旗标 Shift direction bit.
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
5
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
SLR = 0 –左位移
SLR = 1 –右位移
SC [4:0]: 位移计数旗标 Shift counter.
当 SC[4:0] = 0，选择归一化(Normalizing)功能
当 SC[4:0]≠0，选择位移(Shift)功能，位移开始 (SC [4]：最高位；SC[0]：最低
位)
5
MDU 应用程序请注意以下：
z
缓存器仍必须依顺序(First write, … , Last write)写入。
z
关于shift及normalizing的应用，ARCON中的SLR和SC[4:0]，注意如下：
当使用shift功能，写入时必须同时对SLR和SC[4:0]做处理，如说明项目1&3，参考以下范例说明：
1.
正确：
ARCON = 0x20 | value;
// set SLR & SC = Shift right & counter
2.
错误：
ARCON |= 0x20;
// set SLR = shift right
ARCON |= value;
// set SC = shift counter
3.
正确：
ARCON = 0x00 | value;
// set SLR & SC = Shift left & counter
4.
错误：
ARCON &= 0x00;
// set SLR = shift left
ARCON |= value;
// set SC = shift counter
关于shift及normalizing的last write的正确写法，参考以下范例：
5.
shift：
ARCON = 0x20 | value;
//shift last write
6.
normalizing：
ARCON = 0x00;
// normalizing last write
当使用shift功能，不必要也不可以对ARCON做清除动作，参考以下范例：
7.
错误：
ARCON = 0x20 | value;
// set SLR & SC = Shift right & counter
………..
// process… etc.
ARCON = 0x00;
// unnecessary clear
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
6
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
6
以下范例为 MDU 的应用流程图，汇编(Assembly)请参考以下步骤（C 语言的部分在 Keil C 编译时已
完成，使用方式可直接参考范例程序）
Entry SyncMOS
MDU
Division 32/16bit
Division 16/16bit
Multiplication
16x16bit
Shift 31bit
Normalize 31bit
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD2 = W2
MD3 = W3
MD4 = W4
MD5 = W5
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD4 = W4
MD5 = W5
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD4 = W4
MD5 = W5
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD2 = W2
MD3 = W3
ARCON = 0x20 | value
(or = 0x00 | value)
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD2 = W2
MD3 = W3
ARCON = 0x00
(last write)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
(last read)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
(last read)
=0
< Step 2.>
MDUF
=1
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
R4 = MD4
R5 = MD5
(last read)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R4 = MD4
R5 = MD5
(last read)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
(last read)
以下数据型态定义参考自 Keil C User’s Guide：
(http://www.keil.com/support/man/docs/c51/c51_mdu_r515.htm)
Operation
Implementation
signed int mul
Intrinsic
unsigned int mul
Intrinsic
signed int div
?C?SIDIVR515 routine
unsigned int div
?C?UIDIVR515 routine
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
7
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
signed long mul
?C?LMULR515 routine
unsigned long mul
?C?LMULR515 routine
signed long div
?C?SLDIVR515 routine
unsigned long div
?C?ULDIVR515 routine
signed long shift left
?C?LSHLR515 routine
unsigned long shift left
?C?LSHLR515 routine
unsigned long shift right ?C?ULSHRR515 routine
7
MDU 的范例程序
MDU 支持方法二的范例，#pragma mdu_r515 为 Keil C 的 command line，加到 file.c 或 headfile.h
Description
Main program
皆可，但建议加至 headfile.h，例如 SM59R04A2.h 中即可。
//=========================================================================
//
//
S Y N C M O S
T E C H N O L O G Y
//
//=========================================================================
#include <SM59R04A2.h>
#pragma mdu_r515
//Keil C MDU command line
//typedef for normalizing ================================
typedef union {
struct {
unsigned char Byte3;
//MSB
unsigned char Byte2;
unsigned char Byte1;
unsigned char Byte0;
//LSB
}ss1;
struct {
unsigned int Word1;
//MSW
unsigned int Word0;
//LSW
}ss2;
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
8
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
unsigned long Ldata;
}Long_Data;
//=========================================================
void division_32_16(void)
{
unsigned int
ui_data_002;
// ?C?UIDIVR515 routine
unsigned long
ul_data_001;
// ?C?LMULR515 routine
unsigned long
ul_data_002;
// ?C?ULDIVR515 routine
// 32/16 ANS:0x00000101================================
ul_data_002= 0x0000FFFF;
ui_data_002= 0x00FF;
P3_0 =0;
ul_data_001 = ul_data_002/ui_data_002;
//4.560us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//33.88us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//280.0us
@25MHz 12T without
MDU
P3_0 =1;
P0 = ul_data_001;
P1 = ul_data_001>>8;
// 32/16 ANS:0x00010001================================
ul_data_002= 0xFFFFFFFF;
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
P3_1 =0;
ul_data_001 = ul_data_002/ui_data_002;
//4.601us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//36.40us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//302.0us
@25MHz 12T without
MDU
P3_1 =1;
P0 = ul_data_001;
P1 = ul_data_001>>8;
P2 = ul_data_001>>16;
}
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
9
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
void division_16_16(void)
{
unsigned int
ui_data_001;
unsigned int
ui_data_002;
unsigned int
ui_data_003;
// 16/16 ANS:0x0101================================
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
ui_data_003= 0x00FF;
P3_2 =0;
//trig
ui_data_001 = ui_data_002/ui_data_003;
//2.32us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//8.404us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//64.30us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_2 =1;
//trig
P0 = ui_data_001;
P1 = ui_data_001>>8;
P2 = ARCON;
// 16/16 ANS:0x0001================================
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
ui_data_003= 0xFFFF;
P3_3 =0;
//trig
ui_data_001 = ui_data_002/ui_data_003;
//2.320us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//9.200us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//76.84us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_3 =1;
//trig
P0 = ui_data_001;
P1 = ui_data_001>>8;
P2 = ARCON;
//=0X00
}
void multiplication_16x16(void)
{
unsigned int
ui_data_002;
// ?C?UIDIVR515 routine
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
10
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
unsigned long
ul_data_001;
unsigned long
ul_data_003;
// ?C?LMULR515 routine
// 16x16 ANS:0x00FEFF01================================
ui_data_002= 0x00FF;
ul_data_001= 0xFFFF;
P3_4 =0;
ul_data_003 = ul_data_001*ui_data_002;
//6.599us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//7.922us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//62.01us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_4 =1;
P0 = ul_data_003;
P1 = ul_data_003>>8;
P2 = ul_data_003>>16;
// 16x16 ANS:0xFFFE0001================================
ul_data_001= 0xFFFF;
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
P3_5 =0;
ul_data_003 = ul_data_001*ui_data_002;
//6.639us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//7.960us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//62.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_5 =1;
P0 = ul_data_003;
P1 = ul_data_003>>8;
P2 = ul_data_003>>16;
}
void Shift(void)
{
unsigned long ul_data_003;
//=========================================================
//Shift
ul_data_003=0x800FFFFF;
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
11
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
P3_0=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>1;
//3.678us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//2.317us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//16.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_0=1;
//trig
P3_1=0;
//trig
P1 = ul_data_003>>8;
//3.841us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//8.081us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//67.7us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_1=1;
//trig
P3_2=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>15;
//3.680us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//13.52us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//117.1us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_2=1;
//trig
P3_3=0;
//trig
P1 = ul_data_003>>16;
//3.840us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//14.48us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//125.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_3=1;
//trig
P3_4=0;
//trig
P2 = ul_data_003>>24;
//3.841us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//20.87us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//183.0us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_4=1;
//trig
P3_5=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>31;
//3.687us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//26.32us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//232.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_5=1;
//trig
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
12
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
P3_6=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>8;
//0xFF
P1 = ul_data_003>>16;
//0x0F
P2 = ul_data_003>>24;
//0x80
P3_6=1;
//trig
P3_7=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003<<8;
//0x00
P1 = ul_data_003<<16;
//0x00
P2 = ul_data_003<<24;
//0x00
P3_7=1;
//trig
//17.36us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//42.72us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//372.0us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
//10.56us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//42.72us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//372.0us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
}
void Normalizing_Write(unsigned long Data)
{
Long_Data LD;
LD.Ldata =Data;
MD0 = LD.ss1.Byte0;
MD1 = LD.ss1.Byte1;
MD2 = LD.ss1.Byte2;
MD3 = LD.ss1.Byte3;
ARCON = 0x00 ;
// Start Normalizing
while(!(PCON & 0x40))
//check MDU finish flag
{};
}
void Normalizing_Read(void)
{
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
13
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
Long_Data LD;
LD.ss1.Byte0 = MD0; //first read
LD.ss1.Byte1 = MD1;
LD.ss1.Byte2 = MD2;
LD.ss1.Byte3 = MD3; //last read, MDEF(error flag) happen if not read
}
void Normalizing_test(void)
{
P3_0=0;
//trig = 3.079us
Normalizing_Write(0x00000001);
//ANS=0x1F
P3_0=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=0
Normalizing_Read();
P0 = ARCON;
P3_1=0;
//trig = 2.681us
Normalizing_Write(0x00080000);
//ANS=0x03
P3_1=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=0
Normalizing_Read();
P1 = ARCON;
P3_2=0;
//trig = 2.603us
Normalizing_Write(0x00080001);
//ANS=0x0C
P3_2=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=0
Normalizing_Read();
P2 = ARCON;
P3_3=0;
//trig = 2.600us
Normalizing_Write(0x81008000);
//ANS=0x40
P3_3=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=1
P0 = ARCON;
Normalizing_Read();
}
void main(void)
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
14
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
{
IFCON |= 0x80;
division_32_16();
division_16_16();
multiplication_16x16();
Shift();
Normalizing_test();
while(1){};
}
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0184
15
Ver B 2011/01