Datasheet

SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
Wide Input Range High Performance
Synchronous Buck Switching Controller
POWER MANAGEMENT
Description
Features
SC4612 is a high performance synchronous buck controller
that can be configured for a wide range of applications.
The SC4612 utilizes synchronous rectified buck topology
where high efficiency is the primary consideration. SC4612
is optimized for applications requiring wide input supply
range and low output voltages down to 500mV.
‹
‹
‹
‹
‹
‹
Wide voltage range, VDD = 28V, VPWRIN = 40V
Internally regulated DRV
Output voltage as low as 0.5V
1.7A gate drive capability
Asynchronous start up mode
Low side RDS-ON sensing with hiccup mode current
limit
‹ Programmable current limit
‹ Programmable frequency up to 1.2 MHz
‹ Available in MLPD-12 and SOIC-14 Lead-free
packages. This product is fully WEEE and RoHS
compliant
N
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SC4612 implements an asynchronous soft-start mode,
which keeps the lower side MOSFET off during soft-start, a
desired feature when a converter turns on into a preset
external voltage or pre-biased output voltage. With the lower
MOSFET off, the external bus is not discharged, preventing
any disturbances in the start up slope and any latch-up of
modern day ASIC circuits.
Applications
‹
‹
‹
‹
‹
‹
SC4612 comes with a rich set of features such as regulated
DRV supply, programmable soft-start, high current gate
drivers, internal bootstrapping for driving high side
N-channel MOSFET, shoot through protection, RDS-ON sensing
with hiccup over current protection, and asynchronous start
up with over current protection.
Distributed power architectures
Telecommunication equipment
Servers/work stations
Mixed signal applications
Base station power management
Point of use low voltage high current applications
Typical Application Circuit
R1
1
C2
R3
C3
C9
2
3
4
ILIM
PHASE
OSC
DH
SS/EN
BST
EAO
DRV
12
11
D1
10
Q1
9
6
FB
DL
VDD
GND
C8
L1
C7
C4
5
Vin
_
U1
SC4612MLP
R2
C1
+
+
8
Q2
7
C5
C10
Vout
_
R5
R4
C6
Revision: January 31, 2007
R6
1
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in
the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied.
Parameter
Symbol
Maximum
Units
VD D
-0.3 to 30
V
-0.3 to 10
V
100
mA
ILIM, to GND
-0.3 to 10
V
EAO, SS/EN, FB, OSC to GND
-0.3 to +5
V
DL to GND
-0.3 to +10
V
-0.3 to +10
V
-2 to +40
V
-0.3 to +10
V
Bias Supply Voltage to GND
DRV to GND
BST to PHASE
PHASE to GND
DH to PHASE
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
DRV Source Current (peak)
VIN
Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient (MLPD) (1)
θJA
45.3
°C/W
Thermal Resistance Junction to Case (MLPD)
θJ C
11
°C/W
Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient (SOIC)
θ JA
115
°C/W
Thermal Resistance Junction to Case (SOIC)
θJ C
45
°C/W
Operating Junction Temperature Range
TJ
-40 to +125
°C
TSTG
-65 to +150
°C
TIR Reflow
260
°C
Lead Temperature (10s), (SOIC-14)
TLEAD
300
°C
ESD Rating (Human Body Model)
ESD
2
kV
Storage Temperature Range
Peak IR Reflow Temperature (10-40s)
All voltages with respect to GND. Positive currents are into, and negative currents are out of the specified terminal. Pulsed
is defined as a less than 10% duty cycle with a maximum duration of 500ns. Consult Packaging Section of Data sheet for
thermal limitations and considerations of packages.
Note:
(1). 1 sq. inch of FR-4, double-sided, 1 oz copper weight.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified:
VIN = VDD = 12V, FOSC = 600kHz, TA = TJ = -40°C to 125°C.
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
28
V
5
7
mA
4.50
4.75
V
Bias Supply
VD D
VDD = 28V, No load, SS/EN = 0
Quiescent Current
VDD Undervoltage Lockout
Start Threshold
4.20
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
UVLO Hysteresis
Drive Regulator
10V ≤ VDD ≤ 28V, IOUT ≤ 1mA
DRV
7.3
400
7.8
1mA ≤ IO ≤ 100mA
Load Regulation
Oscillator
Operation Frequency Range
Initial Accuracy (1)
100
COSC = 160pF (Ref only)
Maximum Duty Cycle(2)
540
600
mV
8.3
V
100
mV
1200
kHz
660
kHz
85
Ramp Peak to Valley (1)
Oscillator Charge Current
%
850
90
mV
110
µA
Current Limit (Low Side Rdson)
Current Limit Threshold Voltage
Error Amplifier
Feedback Voltage
Input Bias Current
Open Loop Gain
VOUT = 500mV, 3.3V, 5V
0.495
0.500
0.505
V
TJ = -40 to +85°C
0.492
0.500
0.508
V
TJ = -40 to +125°C
0.488
0.500
0.512
V
200
nA
FB = 0.5V
60
dB
10
MHz
Open Loop, FB = 0V
900
µA
Open Loop, FB = 0.6V
1100
µA
1
V/µs
(1)
Output Sink Current
Output Source Current
7
(1)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
mV
TJ = 0 to +70°C
Unity Gain Bandwidth (1)
Slew Rate
100
3
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Unless otherwise specified:
VIN = VDD = 12V, FOSC = 600kHz, TA = TJ = -40°C to 125°C.
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
500
mV
SS/EN
Disable Threshold Voltage
Soft Start Charge Current
25
µA
1
µA
50
ns
CSS = 0.1,
current limit condition
1
%
Gate Drive On-Resistance (H)(2)
ISOURCE = 100mA
3
4
Ω
Gate Drive On-Resistance (L)(2)
ISINK = 100mA
3
4
Ω
DL Source/Sink Peak Current(2)
COUT = 2000pF
±1.4
1.7
A
DH Source/Sink Peak Current(2)
COUT = 2000pF
±1.4
1.7
A
Output Rise Time
COUT = 2000pF
20
ns
COUT = 2000pF
20
ns
30
ns
Soft Start Discharge Current (1)
Hiccup
Hiccup duty cycle
Gate Drive
Output Fall Time
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
Disable Low to Shut Down (1)
Minimum Non-Overlap (1)
Minimum On Time(2)
110
ns
Notes:
(1) Guaranteed by design.
(2) Guaranteed by characterization.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Timing Diagrams
No fault start up sequence
VCC
Vcc
UVLO
4.58V
SS/EN
2.75V
1.3V
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
0.8V
0.5V
EAO
DH
Soft Start Duration
Asynchronous
Operation
DL
Over current fault at Asynchronous start up sequence
Vcc
UVLO
4.58V
2.75V
Fault
occur
Fault removed,
normal operation resumed
VCC
SS/EN
1.3V
0.8V
0.5V
EAO
EOA<FB+0.7V
DH
Soft Start Duration
Fault
present for
10 cycles
 2007 Semtech Corp.
Asynchronous
Operation
5
DL
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Pin Configurations
Ordering Information
TOP VIEW
Part Number(3)
Package(2)
SC4612MLTRT
MLPD-12
SOIC-14
ILIM
1
12
PHASE
SC4612STRT
OSC
2
11
DH
SC4612EVB(1)
SS/EN
3
10
BST
EAO
4
9
DRV
FB
5
8
DL
VDD
6
7
GND
Temp. Range (TJ)
-40°C to +125°C
EVALUATION BOARD
N
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Notes:
(1) When ordering please specify MLPD or SOIC
package.
(2) Only available in tape and reel packaging. A reel
contains 3000 devices for MLPD package and 2500 for
SOIC package..
(3) Lead-free product. This product is fully WEEE and
RoHS compliant.
(12 Pin MLPD)
TOP VIEW
NC
1
14
PHASE
ILIM
2
13
DH
OSC
3
12
BST
SS/EN
4
11
DRV
EAO
5
10
DL
VDD
6
9
GND
NC
7
8
FB
(14 Pin SOIC)
Marking Information - MLPD
Marking Information - SOIC
Top Mark
Top Mark
SC4612
yyww
xxxxxxxxx
4612
yyww
xxxxx
nnnn
yyww
xxxxx
nnnnnn = Part Number (Example: SC4612)
yyww
= Date Code (Example: 0552)
xxxxxxxxx = Semtech Lot No.
(Example: A01E90101)
= Part Number (Example: 1531)
= Date Code (Example: 0012)
= Semtech Lot No. (Example:E9010)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Pin Descriptions
Pin#
SOIC
Pin Name
Pin Function
1, 7
NC
No connection.
1
2
ILIM
The current limit programing resistors (R2 & R3) in conjunction with an internal current
s o urc e , p ro g ra m the c urre nt li mi t thre s ho ld fo r the lo w s i d e MOS F E T RD S -ON
sensing. Once the voltage drop across the Low side MOSFET is larger than the drop
across the programmed value, current limit condition occurs, and the hiccup current limit
protection is activated.
2
3
OSC
Oscillator Frequency set pin. An external capacitor to GND will program the oscillator
fre q ue nc y. S e e Ta b le " F re q ue nc y vs . C OS C " o n p a g e 1 4 to d e te rmi ne o s c i lla to r
frequency.
3
4
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
Pin #
MLPD
SS/EN
Soft start pin. Internal current source connected to a single external capacitor will
determine the soft-start duration for the output. Inhibits the chip if pulled down.
TSS ≈
4
5
5
8
6
6
7
9
8
10
9
11
10
12
11
EAO
FB
CSS X 1.2
ISS
Error Amplifier output. A compensation network is connected from this pin to FB.
The i nverti ng i nput of the error ampli fi er. Feedback pi n i s used to sense the output
voltage via a resistive divider.
VD D
Bias supply ranging from 4.5V to 28V, VDD pin is initially used to provide the base
drive to the internal pass transistor to regulate the DRV.
GND
Ground.
DL
DL signal (Drive Low). Gate drive for bottom MOSFET.
DRV
DRV supplies the output MOSFETs gate drive, and the chip analog circuitry. This pin
should be bypassed with a 2.2µF ceramic capacitor to GND. DRV is internally regulated
from the external supply connected to VDD. If VDD is below 10V , the supply could be
directly connected to the DRV pin.
BST
BST signal. Supply for high side driver; can be directly connected to an external supply
or to a bootstrap circuit.
13
DH
DH signal (Drive High). Gate drive for top MOSFET.
12
14
PHASE
X
-
THERMAL
PAD (GND)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
The return path for the high side gate drive, also used to sense the voltage at the phase
node for adaptive gate drive protection, and the low-side RDS-ON voltage sensing.
Pad for heatsinking purposes. Connect to ground plane using multiple vias.
7
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Block Diagram
VDD
DRV
BST
TOP Side
Gate Driver
INTERNAL REGULATOR
&
BANDGAP GENERATOR
BST
PWM
DH
DH
OVP
GND
PHASE
OVP
PWM Control
EN
Oscillator
OCP
OCP
SYNC
N
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R EC
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IG ED
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900mV
OSC
PWM
-
+
Synchronous
Mode
Error
Amp.
ILIM
SS/EN
PHASE
Low Side
Gate Driver
Q
S R
Current
Limit
VCC
GND
+
SOFT START
SS
&
Enable
SS
DL
DL
FB
FB
REF
EAO
Over Voltage Protection
FB
600mV
20% OVP
+
-
OCP @ Asynchronous Start up
S
R
Low Side 100% on
Q
Top Side off
PWM
Enable
EAO > FB + 0.7
for more than 10
cycles
Soft Start
Cycle
True
Vcc UVLO
PWM
Enable
SS
Vcc
UVLO
800mV
+
-
False
Allow
Synchronous
mode
PWM
Disable
Synchronous
Mode
FB
Vref
+
-
S
R
Low Side
Rdson OCP
S
R
Q
Q
PWM
Enable
PWM
Enable
PWM
Disable
SS
Vref+0.5
 2007 Semtech Corp.
+
-
8
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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Applications Information
INTRODUCTION
START UP SEQUENCE
The SC4612 is a versatile voltage mode synchronous
rectified buck PWM convertor, with an input supply (VIN)
ranging from 4.5V to 28V designed to control and drive
N-channel MOSFETs.
The power dissipation is controlled using a novel low voltage supply technique, allowing high speed and integration with the high drive currents to ensure low MOSFET
switching loss. The synchronous buck configuration also
allows converter sinking current from load without losing
output regulation.
Start up is inhibited until VDD input reaches its UVLO
threshold. The UVLO limit is 4.5V (TYP).
Meanwhile, the high side and low side gate drivers DH,
and DL, are kept low. Once VDD exceeds the UVLO
threshold, the external soft-start capacitor starts to be
charged by a 25µA current source. If an over current
condition occurs, the SS/EN pin will discharge to 500mV
by an internal switch. During this time, both DH and DL
will be turned off.
When the SS pin reaches 0.8V, the converter will start
switching. The reference input of the error amplifier is
ramped up with the soft-start signal. Initially only the high
side driver is enabled. Keeping the low side MOSFET off
during start up is useful where multiple convertors are
operating in parallel. It prevents forward conduction in the
freewheeling MOSFET which might otherwise cause a dip
in the common output bus.
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
The internal reference is trimmed to 500mV with ± 1%
accuracy, and the output voltage can be adjusted by two
external resistors.
A fixed oscillator frequency (up to 1.2MHz) can be
programmed by an external capacitor for an optimized
design.
During the Asynchronous start up, the SC4612 provides a
top MOSFET shut down over current protection, while under
normal operating conditions a low side MOSFET RDS-ON
current sensing with hiccup mode over current protection,
minimizes power dissipation and provides further
protection.
Other features of the SC4612 include:
In case of over current condition which is longer than 10
cycles during the asynchronous start up, SC4612 will turn
off the high side MOSFET gate drive, and the soft-start
sequence will repeat.
When the SS pin reaches 1.3V, the low side MOSFET will
begin to switch and the convertor is fully operational in
the synchronous mode. The soft-start duration is
controlled by the value of the SS cap. If the SS pin is pulled
below 0.5V, the SC4612 is disabled and draws a typical
quiescent current of 5mA.
Wide input power voltage range (from 4.5V to 28V), low
output voltages down to 500mV, externally programmable
soft-start, hiccup over current protection, wide duty cycle
range, thermal shutdown, asynchronous start-up
protection, and a -40 to 125°C junction operating
temperature range.
Bias Generation
SUPPLIES
A 4.5V to 10V (MAX) supply voltage is required to power
up the SC4612. This voltage could be provided by an external power supply or derived from VDD (VDD >10V)
through an internal pass transistor.
Two pins (VDD and DRV) are used to power up the SC4612.
If input supply (VDD) is less than 10V (MAX), tie DRV and
VDD together.
The internal pass transistor will regulate the DRV from an
external supply >10V connected to VDD to produce 7.8V
(TYP) at the DRV pin.
THEORY OF OPERATION
This supply should be bypassed with a low ESR 2.2uF (or
greater) ceramic capacitor directly at the DRV to GND pins
of the SC4612.
Soft start / Shut down
An external capacitor at the SS/EN pin is used to set up
the soft-start duration. The capacitor value in conjunction
with the internal current source, controls the duration of
soft-start time. If the SS/EN pin is pulled down to GND,
the SC4612 is disabled. The soft-start pin is charged by a
25µA current source and discharged by an internal switch.
When SS/EN is released it charges up to 0.5V as the control circuit starts up.
The DRV supply also provides the bias for the low and the
high side MOSFET gate drive.
The maximum rating for DRV supply is 10V and for
applications where input supply is below 10V, it may be
connected directly to VDD.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Applications Information (Cont.)
The reference input of the error amplifier is effectively
ramped up with the soft-start signal. The error amp output
will vary between 100mV and 1.2V, depending on the duty
cycle. The error amp will be off until SS/EN reaches 0.7V
(TYP) and will move the output up to its desired voltage by
the time SS/EN reaches 1.3V. The gate drivers will be in
asynchronous mode until the FB pin reaches 500mV.
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
SC4612 features low side MOSFET on-state Rds current
sensing and hiccup mode over current protection. ILIM pin
would be connected to DRV or PHASE via programming
resistors to adjust the over current trip point to meet
different customer requirements.
The sampling of the current thru the bottom FET is set at
~150ns after the bottom FET drive comes ON. It is done to
prevent a false tripping of the current limit circuit due to
the ringing at the phase node when the top FET is turned
OFF.
Internally overcurrent threshold is set to 100mV_typ. If
voltage magnitude at the phase node during sampling is
such that the current comparator meets this condition then
the OCP occurs.
Connecting a resistor from external voltage source such
as VDD, DRV, etc. to ILIM increases the current limit.
Connecting a resistor from ILIM to PHASE lowers the current
limit (see the block diagram in page 9).
Internal current source at ILIM node is ~20µA. External
programming resistors add to or subtract from that source
and hence vary the threshold.
The tolerance of the collective current sink at ILIM node is
fairly loose when combined with variations of the FET’s
Rds(on). Therefore when setting current limit some iteration
might be required to get to the wanted trip point.
Nonetheless, this circuit does serve the purpose of a hard
fault protection of the power switches. When choosing the
current limit one should consider the cumulative effect of
the load and inductor ripple current. As a rule of thumb,
the limit should be set at least x10 greater then the pk-pk
ripple current. Whenever a high current peak is detected,
SC4612 would first block the driving of the high side and
low side MOSFET, and then discharge the soft-start
capacitor. Discharge rate of the SS capacitor is 1/25 of
the charge rate.
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
The intention for the asynchronous start up is to keep the
low side MOSFET from being switched on which forces the
low side MOSFETs body diode or the parallel Schottky diode to conduct. The conduction by the diode prevents any
dips in an existing output voltage that might be present,
allowing for a glitch free start up in applications that are
sensitive to any bus disturbances.
During the asynchronous start up SC4612 monitors the
output and if within 10 cycles the FB has not reached the
internal soft start ramp level, the device switches to synchronous mode. This provides an added protection in case
of short circuit at the output during the asynchronous start
when the bottom MOSFET is not being switched to provide
the RDS-ON sensing current limit protection.
In case of a current limit, the gate drives will be held off
until the soft-start is initiated. The soft-start cycle defined
by the SS cap being charged from 800mV to 1.3V and
slowly discharged to achieve an approximate hiccup duty
cycle of 1% to minimize excessive power dissipation.
The part will try to restart on the next softstart cycle. If the
fault has cleared, the outputs will start . If the fault still
remains, the part will repeat the soft-start cycle above indefinitely until the fault has been removed.
The soft-start time is determined by the value of the
softstart capacitor (see formula below).
TSS ≈
CSS X 1.2
ISS
Oscillator Frequency Selection
Under Voltage Lock Out
The internal oscillator sawtooth signal is generated by
charging an external capacitor with a current source of
100µA charge current.
Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) circuitry senses the VDD
through a voltage divider. If this signal falls below 4.5V (typical) with a 400mV hysteresis (typical), the output drivers
are disabled . During the thermal shutdown, the output
drivers are disabled.
See Table 1 “Frequency vs. COSC” on page 14 to determine
oscillator frequency.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Applications Information (Cont.)
Below are examples of calculating the OCP trip voltages.
Low Side RDS_ON Current Limit
SC4612
2.75V
DRV pin
Vin
R3
130k
Ra
R4
260k
R1
2k
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
ILIM pin
COMP
Rb
R2
L
OCP
+100mV
10k
PHASE pin
R
load
Iload@Toff
C1
2pF
R5
10k
C2
5pF
1. Ra, Rb - Not installed:
2.75 V − 100mV 100mV − Vphase
=
R3
R2
solving for: VPHASE = -100mV, therefore the circuit will trip @ RDS_ON x ILOAD = 100mV
2. To lower trip voltage - install Rb. For example: Rb = 13k
2.75 V − 100mV 100mV − Vphase
=
R3
R2 || (Rb + R1)
solving for: VPHASE = -20mV, obviously more sensitive! RDS_ON x ILOAD = 20mV
3. To increase trip voltage - install Ra. For example: Ra = 800k; VDRIVE = 7.8V typ.
2.75 V − 100mV Vdrive 100mV − Vphase
+
=
R3
Ra + R1
R2
solving for: VPHASE = -200mV. Current limit has doubled compared to original conditions.
NOTE! Allow for tempco and RDS_ON variation of the MOSFET - see “overcurrent protection” information on page 11 in the
datasheet.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Applications Information (Cont.)
Gate Drive/Control
where,
The SC4612 also provides integrated high current gate
drives for fast switching of large MOSFETs. The high side
and low side MOSFET gates could be switched with a peak
gate current of 1.7A. The higher gate current will reduce
switching losses of the larger MOSFETs.
VIN – Input voltage
RL – Load resistance
L – Output inductance
C – Output capacitance
ESRC – Output capacitor ESR
VS – Peak to peak ramp voltage
The low side gate drives are supplied directly from the DRV.
The high side gate drives could be provided with the classical bootstrapping technique from DRV.
The classical Type III compensation network can be built
around the error amplifier as shown below:
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
Cross conduction prevention circuitry ensures a non overlapping (30ns typical) gate drive between the top and bottom MOSFETs. This prevents shoot through losses which
provides higher efficiency. Typical total minimum off time
for the SC4612 is about 30ns which will cause the maximum duty cycle at higher frequencies to be limited to lower
than 100%.
C2
R3
R2
C1
R1
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
+
Vref
If the FB pin ever exceeds 600mV, the top side driver is
latched OFF, and the low side driver is latched ON. This
mode can only be reset by power supply cycling.
Figure 1. Voltage mode buck converter compensation
network
ERROR AMPLIFIER DESIGN
The SC4612 is a voltage mode buck controller that utilizes
an externally compensated high bandwidth error amplifier
to regulate output voltage. The power stage of the
synchronous rectified buck converter control-to-output
transfer function is as shown below:
The transfer function of the compensation network is as
follows:
s
)(1 +
ω
ωZ1
GCOMP (s) = I ⋅
s (1 + s )(1 +
ωP1




+
1
sESR
C
V


C
IN
×
G ( s) =

VD
L
V
+ s2LC 
S  1+ s


R
L


(1 +
s
)
ωZ 2
s
)
ωP 2
where,
ωZ1 =
ωI =
 2007 Semtech Corp.
C3
12
1
1
1
, ωZ 2 =
, ωo =
R 2C1
(R1 + R 3 )C2
Lout × Cout
1
,
R1(C1 + C3 )
ωP1 =
1
,
R3C2
ωP 2 =
1
C1C3
R2
C1 + C3
www.semtech.com
SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
The design guidelines are as following:
T
1. Set the loop gain crossover frequency wC for given
switching frequency.
ω Z1
Loop gain T(s)
ωo
ω Z2
2. Place an integrator at the origin to increase DC and low
frequency gains.
Gd
ωc
0dB
3. Select wZ1 and wZ2 such that they are placed near wO to
dampen peaking; the loop gain should cross 0dB at a rate
of -20dB/dec.
ω p1
ω p2
4. Cancel wESR with compensation pole wP1 (wP1 = wESR ).
ω ESR
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
5. Place a high frequency compensation pole wP2 at half
the switching frequency to get the maximum attenuation
of the switching ripple and the high frequency noise with
adequate phase lag at wC.
Figure 2. Simplified asymptotic diagram of buck power
stage and its compensated loop gain.
Switching Frequency, FSW vs. COSC.
1200
1100
1000
900
Cosc, (pF)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 1100 1200
Frequency, (kHz)
Table 1
 2007 Semtech Corp.
13
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES
Careful attention to layout is necessary for successful
implementation of the SC4612 PWM controller. High
switching currents are present in the application and their
effect on ground plane voltage differentials must be
understood and minimized.
VIN
I (Input Capacitor)
Ids (Top Fet)
1) The high power section of the circuit should be laid out
first. A ground plane should be used. The number and
position of ground plane interruptions should not
unnecessarily compromise ground plane integrity. Isolated
or semi-isolated areas of the ground plane may be
deliberately introduced to constrain ground currents to
particular areas; for example, the input capacitor and
bottom FET ground.
I (Inductor)
Vout
Vphase
+
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
Vout
2) The loop formed by the Input Capacitor(s) (Cin), the Top
FET (M1), and the Bottom FET (M2) must be kept as small
as possible. This loop contains all the high current, fast
transition switching. Connections should be as wide and
as short as possible to minimize loop inductance.
Minimizing this loop area will a) reduce EMI, b) lower ground
injection currents, resulting in electrically “cleaner” grounds
for the rest of the system and c) minimize source ringing,
resulting in more reliable gate switching signals.
I (Output Capacitor)
+
Ids (Bottom Fet)
Voltage and current waveforms of buck power stage .
3) The connection between the junction of M1, M2 and
the output inductor should be a wide trace or copper region.
It should be as short as practical. Since this connection
has fast voltage transitions, keeping this connection short
will minimize EMI. Also keep the Phase connection to the
IC short. Top FET gate charge currents flow in this trace.
4) The Output Capacitor(s) (Cout) should be located as
close to the load as possible. Fast transient load currents
are supplied by Cout only, and therefore, connections
between Cout and the load must be short, wide copper
areas to minimize inductance and resistance.
5) The SC4612 is best placed over a quiet ground plane
area. Avoid pulse currents in the Cin, M1, M2 loop flowing
in this area. GND should be returned to the ground plane
close to the package and close to the ground side of (one
of) the output capacitor(s). If this is not possible, the GND
pin may be connected to the ground path between the
Output Capacitor(s) and the Cin, M1, M2 loop. Under no
circumstances should GND be returned to a ground inside
the Cin, M1, M2 loop.
6) Allow adequate heat sinking area for the power
components. If multiple layers will be used, provide
sufficent vias for heat transfer
 2007 Semtech Corp.
14
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
The maximum inductor value may be calculated from:
COMPONENT SELECTION:
L ≤
SWITCHING SECTION
OUTPUT CAPACITORS - Selection begins with the most
critical component. Because of fast transient load current
requirements in modern microprocessor core supplies, the
output capacitors must supply all transient load current
requirements until the current in the output inductor ramps
up to the new level. Output capacitor ESR is therefore one
of the most important criteria. The maximum ESR can be
simply calculated from:
Vt
It
The calculated maximum inductor value assumes 100%
duty cycle, so some allowance must be made. Choosing
an inductor value of 50 to 75% of the calculated maximum
will guarantee that the inductor current will ramp fast
enough to reduce the voltage dropped across the ESR at a
faster rate than the capacitor sags, hence ensuring a good
recovery from transient with no additional excursions. We
must also be concerned with ripple current in the output
inductor and a general rule of thumb has been to allow
10% of maximum output current as ripple current. Note
that most of the output voltage ripple is produced by the
inductor ripple current flowing in the output capacitor ESR.
Ripple current can be calculated from:
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
R ESR ≤
Where
Vt = Maximum transient voltage excursion
ILRIPPLE =
I t = Transient current step
Each
Capacitor
C
(uF)
ESR
(mΩ)
Low ESR Tantalum
330
60
OS-CON
330
Low ESR Aluminum
1500
POWER FETS - The FETs are chosen based on several
criteria with probably the most important being power
dissipation and power handling capability.
Total
Qty
Rqd.
TOP FET - The power dissipation in the top FET is a
combination of conduction losses, switching losses and
bottom FET body diode recovery losses.
C
(uF)
ESR
(mΩ)
6
2000
10
25
3
990
8.3
PCOND = IO2 ⋅ RDS( on ) ⋅ D
44
5
7500
8.8
where
a) Conduction losses are simply calculated as:
D = duty cycle ≈
The choice of which to use is simply a cost/performance
issue, with low ESR Aluminum being the cheapest, but
taking up the most space.
VO
VIN
b) Switching losses can be estimated by assuming a
switching time, If we assume 100ns then:
INDUCTOR - Having decided on a suitable type and value
of output capacitor, the maximum allowable value of
inductor can be calculated. Too large an inductor will
produce a slow current ramp rate and will cause the output
capacitor to supply more of the transient load current for
longer - leading to an output voltage sag below the ESR
excursion calculated above.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
VIN
4 ⋅ L ⋅ fOSC
Ripple current allowance will define the minimum permitted
inductor value.
For example, to meet a 100mV transient limit with a 10A
load step, the output capacitor ESR must be less than
10mΩ. To meet this kind of ESR level, there are three
available capacitor technologies.
Technology
R ESR C
(VIN − V O )
It
PSW = IO ⋅ VIN ⋅
100ns
TSW
or more generally,
IO ⋅ VIN ⋅ ( t r + t f ) ⋅ fOSC
2
c) Body diode recovery losses are more difficult to estimate,
but to a first approximation, it is reasonable to assume
PSW =
15
www.semtech.com
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
mount packages on double sided FR4, 2 oz printed circuit
board material, thermal impedances of 40oC/W for the
D2PAK and 80oC/W for the SO-8 are readily achievable.
The corresponding temperature rise is detailed below:
that the stored charge on the bottom FET body diode will
be moved through the top FET as it starts to turn on. The
resulting power dissipation in the top FET will be:
P RR
= Q
RR
⋅ V
IN
⋅ f OSC
Temperature rise ( 0C)
To a first order approximation, it is convenient to only
consider conduction losses to determine FET suitability.
For a 5V in, 2.8V out at 14.2A requirement, typical FET
losses would be:
RDS(on) (mΩ)
IRL3402S
15
IRL2203
10.5
Si4410
20
PD(W)
Package
Top FET
Bottom FET
IRL3402S
67.6
53.2
IRL2203
47.6
37.2
Si4410
180.8
141.6
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
FET Type
FET Type
1.69
D2PAK
1.19
D2PAK
2.26
SO-8
It is apparent that single SO-8 Si4410 are not adequate for
this application, By using parallel pairs in each position,
power dissipation will be approximately halved and
temperature rise reduced by a factor of 4.
Using 1.5X Room temp RDS(ON) to allow for temperature rise.
INPUT CAPACITORS - Since the RMS ripple current in the
input capacitors may be as high as 50% of the output
current, suitable capacitors must be chosen accordingly.
Also, during fast load transients, there may be restrictions
on input di/dt. These restrictions require useable energy
storage within the converter circuitry, either as extra output
capacitance or, more usually, additional input capacitors.
Choosing low ESR input capacitors will help maximize ripple
rating for a given size.
BOTTOM FET - Bottom FET losses are almost entirely due
to conduction. The body diode is forced into conduction at
the beginning and end of the bottom switch conduction
period, so when the FET turns on and off, there is very little
voltage across it resulting in very low switching losses.
Conduction losses for the FET can be determined by:
PCOND = I2O ⋅ RDS( on ) ⋅ (1 − D)
For the example above:
FET Type
RDS(on) (mΩ)
PD(W)
Package
IRL3402S
15
1.33
D2PAK
IRL2203
10.5
0.93
D2PAK
Si4410
20
1.77
SO-8
Each of the package types has a characteristic thermal
impedance, for the TO-220 package, thermal impedance
is mostly determined by the heatsink used. For the surface
 2007 Semtech Corp.
16
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
Application Circuit 1: Vin = 36V; Vout = 5V @ 20A, Fsw = 250kHz.
+
C14 A
330/50V_AL
R1
560k
1
2
R3
10k
C5
1.3n
3
4
5
ILIM
PHASE
OSC
DH
SS/EN
BST
12
11
D1
MBR0 540
10
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
C3
0. 1
EAO
DRV
FB
DL
Q1
HAT 2172H
9
C10
0. 1
L1
4.7u H@ 22 A
Q2
HAT 2172H
8
+
C8
2.2/10V
R4*
6
Z1*
VDD
Vin=36V
_
U1
SC4612MLP
C2
430 p
C4
9.1n
C14B
330/50V_AL
GND
7
C12 A
C12B
C13 A
330 /6.3V 330 /6.3V 330 /6.3V
C9
10/50V_cer
C13B
10/6.3V_cer
C6
1_cer
Vout=5@20A
_
R6
48.7 k
R5
5.36 k
Fsw =250k Hz
C7
1.3n
R7
910
R4*: if Vin > 28V, then R4 & Z1 provide VDD clamping
Efficiency:
Efficiency
SC4612: 36Vin, 5Vout @ 20A
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Current, (A)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
17
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
Application Circuit 2: Vin = 24V; Vout = 3.3V @ 20A, Fsw = 500kHz.
+
Vin=24V
C14A
470/35V_AL
R1
560k
C14B
470/35V_AL
U1
SC4612MLP
1
C3
0.1
C4
3.9n
R3
10k
C5
300p
R4opt
C6
1/16V
25V
ILIM
2
3
4
5
6
PHASE
OSC
DH
SS/EN
BST
12
11
D1
MBR0540
10
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
C2
200p
EAO
DRV
FB
DL
VDD
GND
_
R8
0
Q1
HAT2168H
C8
R9
2.2/10V 0
Q2
HAT2165H
9
8
7
C10
0.1
L1
1.5uH@22A
+
C12A
C12B
C13A
180/4V_PosCap 180/4V 180/4V
C9
22/25V_cer
Vout=3.3@20A
C13B
10/6.3V_cer
_
R6
39.2k
R5
6.98k
C7
750p
Efficiency:
Fsw=500kHz
R7
887
Efficiency
SC4612: 24Vin, 3.3Vout @ 20A
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Current, (A)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
18
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
Application Circuit 3: Vin = 12V; Vout = 2.5V @ 12A, Fsw = 800kHz
+
Vin=12V
C14A
47/16V_AL
R1
825k
C14B
47/16V _AL
_
U1
SC4612MLP
C3
0.1
C4
3.3n
R3
10k
C5
300p
R4opt
20
C6
1/16V
2
3
4
5
6
ILIM
12
PHASE
OSC
11
DH
D1
SD107WS
10
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
1
C2
120p
SS/EN
BST
EAO
DRV
FB
8
DL
VDD
R8
0
Q1
HAT2168H
C8
R9
2.2/10V 0
Q2
HAT2165H
9
7
GND
C10
0.1
L1
1.4uH@14A
C12A
C12B
220/4V _PosCap 220/4V
C9
22/16V _cer
+
C13A
N/A
Vout=2.5@12A
C13B
10/6.3V_cer
_
R6
11.0k
R5
2.74k
C7
2.2n
Efficiency:
Fsw=800kHz
R7
178
Efficiency
SC4612: 12Vin, 2.5Vout @ 12A
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Current, (A)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
19
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SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
Application Circuit 4: Vin = 5V; Vout = 1.35V @ 12A, Fsw = 1MHz.
+
Vin=5V
R2
825k
U1
SC4612MLP
1
R3
10k
C4
1n
C5
33p
2
3
4
5
6
C6
1
ILIM
PHASE
OSC
DH
_
12
11
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
C2
82p
C3
0.1
D1
SD107WS
SS/EN
BST
EAO
DRV
FB
DL
VDD
GND
10
C10
0.1
Q1
HAT2168H
9
L1
0.47uH@15A
C8
2.2
8
7
Q2
HAT2168H
C11
100/6.3_1210_cer
C9
100/6.3_1210_cer
+
Vout=1.35@12A
_
R6
13.3k
R5
8.87k
Fsw=1MHz
C7
510p
Efficiency:
R7
649
Efficiency
SC4612: 5Vin, 1.35Vout @ 12A
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13
Current, (A)
 2007 Semtech Corp.
20
www.semtech.com
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
Evaluation Board 1:
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
Top layer and components view
Bottom Layer:
 2007 Semtech Corp.
21
www.semtech.com
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
SC4612
POWER MANAGEMENT
Application Information (Cont.)
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
Evaluation Board 2 (actual size):
Top layer:
 2007 Semtech Corp.
Bottom layer:
22
www.semtech.com
SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Outline Drawing - MLPD - 12
A
D
PIN1
INDICATOR
(LASER MARK)
B
DIMENSIONS
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
E
A2
A
SEATING
PLANE
aaa C
A
A1
A2
b
D
D1
E
E1
e
L
N
aaa
bbb
.031 .035 .040
.000 .001 .002
- (.008) .007 .010 .012
.154 .157 .161
.124 .130 .134
.114 .118 .122
.061 .067 .071
.020 BSC
.012 .016 .020
12
.003
.004
0.80 0.90 1.00
0.00 0.02 0.05
- (0.20) 0.18 0.25 0.30
3.90 4.00 4.10
3.15 3.30 3.40
2.90 3.00 3.10
1.55 1.70 1.80
0.50 BSC
0.30 0.40 0.50
12
0.08
0.10
C
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
A1
D1
D1/2
1 2
E1/2
E1
LxN
N
bxN
bbb
e
C A B
NOTES:
1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES).
2. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.
Land Pattern - MLPD - 12
DIMENSIONS
DIM
C
G
H
K
P
X
Y
Z
INCHES
(.114)
.087
.067
.138
.020
.012
.028
.142
MILLIMETERS
(2.90)
2.20
1.70
3.50
0.50
0.30
0.70
3.60
NOTES:
1. THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY.
CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR
COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET.
 2007 Semtech Corp.
23
www.semtech.com
SC4612
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGN
POWER MANAGEMENT
Outline Drawing - SOIC - 14
A
2X
D
e
N
DIM
A
A1
A2
b
c
D
E1
E
e
h
L
L1
N
01
aaa
bbb
ccc
E/2
E1 E
ccc C 1
2X N/2 TIPS
2
3
B
D
DIMENSIONS
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
.053
.069
.004
.010
.049
.065
.012
.020
.007
.010
.337 .341 .344
.150 .154 .157
.236 BSC
.050 BSC
.010
.020
.016 .028 .041
(.041)
14
0°
8°
.004
.010
.008
1.35
1.75
0.10
0.25
1.25
1.65
0.31
0.51
0.17
0.25
8.55 8.65 8.75
3.80 3.90 4.00
6.00 BSC
1.27 BSC
0.25
0.50
0.40 0.72 1.04
(1.04)
14
0°
8°
0.10
0.25
0.20
aaa C
h
N
O
FO T R
R EC
N O
EW M
M
D EN
ES D
IG ED
N
A2 A
SEATING
PLANE
C
bxN
bbb
A1
h
H
C A-B D
GAGE
PLANE
0.25
SIDE VIEW
SEE DETAIL
L
(L1)
A
DETAIL
c
01
A
NOTES:
1.
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES).
2. DATUMS -A- AND -B- TO BE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE -H-
3. DIMENSIONS "E1" AND "D" DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS
OR GATE BURRS.
4. REFERENCE JEDEC STD MS-012, VARIATION AB.
Land Pattern - SOIC - 14
X
DIM
(C)
G
C
G
P
X
Y
Z
Z
Y
DIMENSIONS
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
(.205)
.118
.050
.024
.087
.291
(5.20)
3.00
1.27
0.60
2.20
7.40
P
NOTES:
1.
THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY.
CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR
COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET.
2.
REFERENCE IPC-SM-782A, RLP NO. 302A.
Contact Information
Semtech Corporation
Power Management Products Division
200 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA 93012
Phone: (805)498-2111 FAX (805)498-3804
 2007 Semtech Corp.
24
www.semtech.com