Not Recommended for New Designs Replaced by VTM48EF040T050A00 V048F040T050 V 048 F 040 M 050 VTM VTM™ Current Multiplier • 48 V to 4 V V•I Chip™ Converter • 125°C operation (TJ) • 50 A (75.0 A for 1 ms) • 1 µs transient response • High density – 169 A/in3 • 3.5 million hours MTBF • Small footprint – 40 A/in2 • Typical efficiency 94% • Low weight – 0.5 oz (15 g) • No output filtering required © VF = 26 - 55 V VOUT = 2.17 - 4.58 V IOUT = 50 A K = 1/12 ROUT = 3.6 mΩ max • Pick & Place / SMD or Through hole Product Description Absolute Maximum Ratings The V048F040T050 V•I Chip current multiplier excels at speed, density and efficiency to meet the demands of advanced power applications while providing isolation from input to output. It achieves a response time of less than 1 µs and delivers up to 50 A in a volume of less than 0.295 in3 with unprecedented efficiency. It may be paralleled to deliver higher power levels at an output voltage settable from 2.17 to 4.58 Vdc. The VTM V048F040T050’s nominal output voltage is 4 Vdc from a 48 Vdc input Factorized Bus, VF , and is controllable from 2.17 to 4.58 Vdc at no load, and from 1.99 to 4.42 Vdc at full load, over a VF input range of 26 to 55 Vdc. It can be operated either open- or closed-loop depending on the output regulation needs of the application. Operating open-loop, the output voltage tracks its VF input voltage with a transformation ratio, K = 1/12, for applications requiring an isolated output voltage with high efficiency. Closing the loop back to an input PRMTM regulator or DC-DC converter enables tight load regulation. The 4 V VTM module achieves a current density of 169 A/in3 in a V•I Chip package compatible with standard pick-and-place and surface mount assembly processes. The VTM modules fast dynamic response and low noise eliminate the need for bulk capacitance at the load, substantially increasing system density while improving reliability and decreasing cost. Parameter +In to -In Values Unit -1.0 to 60 Vdc 100 Vdc PC to -In -0.3 to 7.0 Vdc VC to -In -0.3 to 19.0 Vdc +Out to -Out -0.5 to 12 Vdc Isolation voltage 2,250 Vdc Output current 50 A For 100 ms Input to output Continuous Peak output current 75.0 A For 1 ms Output power 221 W Continuous Peak output power 332 W For 1 ms 225 °C MSL 5 245 °C MSL 6, TOB = 4 hrs -40 to 125 -55 to 125 °C °C T-Grade M-Grade -40 to 125 -65 to 125 °C °C T-Grade M-Grade [a] Case temperature during reflow Operating junction temperature Storage temperature [b] Notes: [a] 245°C reflow capability applies to product with manufacturing date code 1001 and greater. [b] The referenced junction is defined as the semiconductor having the highest temperature. This temperature is monitored by a shutdown comparator. Part Numbering V VTM™ Module 048 F Input Voltage Designator Configuration F = J-lead T = Through hole vicorpower.com Notes 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier 040 T Output Voltage Designator (=VOUT x10) 050 Output Current Designator (=IOUT) Product Grade Temperatures (°C) Grade Storage Operating (TJ) T -40 to125 -40 to125 M -65 to125 -55 to125 V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 1 of 11 Specifications Input Specs (Conditions are at 48 VIN, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Input voltage range Min Typ Max 26 48 Input dV/dt Input overvoltage turn on Unit Note 55 Vdc Max Vin = 53 V, operating from -55°C to -40°C 1 V/µs 55.0 Vdc Input overvoltage turn off 59.7 Vdc Input current 4.6 Adc Input reflected ripple current 114 No load power dissipation 3.9 Internal input capacitance 1.9 Internal input inductance mA p-p 4.8 Using test circuit in Figure 15; See Figure 1 W µF 5 nH Output Specs (Conditions are at 48 VIN, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Min Typ 2.17 1.99 0 Output voltage Rated DC current Peak repetitive current Short circuit protection set point Current share accuracy Efficiency Half load Full load Internal output inductance Internal output capacitance Output overvoltage set point Output ripple voltage No external bypass 47 µF bypass capacitor Effective switching frequency Line regulation K Load regulation ROUT Transient response Voltage overshoot Response time Recovery time Max Unit Note 4.58 4.42 50 Vdc Vdc Adc No load Full load 26 - 55 VIN 75.0 A 10 Adc % 52.5 5 93.8 93.5 94.8 94.5 1.1 255 % % nH µF Vdc 4.6 2.40 216 8 2.55 2.70 0.0825 1/12 0.0842 2.8 3.6 vicorpower.com 110 200 1 800-735-6200 305 mVp-p mVp-p MHz Max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% Module will shut down See Parallel Operation on Page 9 See Figure 3 See Figure 3 Effective value Module will shut down See Figures 2 and 5 See Figure 6 Fixed, 1.3 MHz per phase VOUT = K•VIN at no load mΩ See Figure 16 mV ns µs 50 A load step with 100 µF CIN; See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 2 of 11 Specifications Waveforms Ripple vs. Output Current Output Ripple (mVpk-pk) 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Output Current (A) Figure 2 — Output voltage ripple vs. output current at 48 VF with no POL bypass capacitance. Figure 1 — Input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 VF . Power Dissipation 14 94 12 Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) Efficiency vs. Output Current 96 92 90 88 86 84 82 10 8 6 4 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Output Current (A) Output Current (A) Figure 3 — Efficiency vs. output current. Figure 4 — Power dissipation vs. output current. Figure 5 — Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 VF with no POL bypass capacitance. Figure 6 — Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 VF with 47 µF ceramic POL bypass capacitance and 20 nH distribution inductance. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 3 of 11 Specifications Figure 7 — 0-50 A load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output capacitance. Figure 8 — 50-0 A load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output capacitance. General Parameter Min MTBF MIL-HDBK-217F Isolation specifications Voltage Capacitance Resistance Typ Max Unit Note 3.5 Mhrs 25°C, GB 3,000 Vdc pF MΩ Input to output Input to output Input to output UL /CSA 60950-1, EN 60950-1 Low voltage directive 2,250 10 cTÜVus CE Mark RoHS Agency approvals Mechanical Weight Dimensions Length Width Height Peak compressive force applied to case (Z axis) Thermal Over temperature shutdown Thermal capacity Junction-to-case thermal impedance (RθJC) Junction-to-board thermal impedance (RθJB) See Mechanical Drawings, Figures 10 – 13 0.53/15 oz /g 1.28/ 32,5 0.87 / 22 0.265/ 6,73 5 in / mm in / mm in / mm lbs. 125 130 9.3 1.1 2.1 6 135 °C Ws /°C °C / W °C / W Supported by J-leads only Junction temperature See Thermal Considerations on Page 9 Auxiliary Pins (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Primary Control (PC) DC voltage Module disable voltage Module enable voltage Current limit Disable delay time VTM Control (VC) External boost voltage Min Typ Max Unit Note 4.8 2.4 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 30 5.2 Vdc Vdc Vdc mA µs VC voltage must be applied when module is enabled using PC Source only PC low to Vout low 2.4 12 External boost duration 14 10 vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 2.6 2.9 19 Vdc Required for VTM current multiplier start up without PRM regulator ms Maximum duration of VC pulse = 20 ms VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 4 of 11 Pin / Control Functions +In / -In DC Voltage Ports The VTM™ current multiplier input should be connected to the PRM™ regulator output terminals. Given that both the regulator and current multiplier have high switching frequencies, it is often good practice to use a series inductor to limit high frequency currents between the PRM module output and VTM module input capacitors. The input voltage should not exceed the maximum specified. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the VTM module will shutdown. The VTM module does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. Adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse-shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection. 4 +Out 2 -Out 1 A B B C C D D +In E E F G H TM H J VC J K PC K +Out -Out TM – For Factory Use Only 3 A L L M M N N P P R R T T VC – VTM Control -In Bottom View The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM regulator, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM module with the output rise of the regulator. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the current multiplier output resistance. In typical applications using VTM modules powered from PRM regulators, the regulators VC port should be connected to the VTM module VC port. The VC port is not intended to be used to supply VCC voltage to the VTM module for extended periods of time. If VC is being supplied from a source other than the PRM regulators, the voltage should be removed after 20 ms. Signal Name +In –In TM VC PC +Out –Out Pin Designation A1-E1, A2-E2 L1-T1, L2-T2 H1, H2 J1, J2 K1, K2 A3-D3, A4-D4, J3-M3, J4-M4 E3-H3, E4-H4, N3-T3, N4-T4 PC – Primary Control Figure 9 — VTM™ current multiplier pin configuration The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the current multiplier as follows: Disable – If PC is left floating, the VTM module output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM module. Primary Auxiliary Supply – The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc. +Out / -Out DC Voltage Output Ports The output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. The respective +Out and –Out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. Within the specified input voltage range, the Level 1 DC behavioral model shown in Figure 16 defines the output voltage of the VTM module. The current source capability of the VTM module is shown in the specification table. To take full advantage of the VTM current multiplier, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. The low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk POL capacitance. Limited-life electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 5 of 11 Mechanical Drawings TOP VIEW ( COMPONENT SIDE) BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: mm 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 10 — V T M ™ module J-Lead mechanical outline; Onboard mounting RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN ( COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN ) NOTES: mm 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 11 — VTM™ module J-Lead PCB land layout information; Onboard mounting vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 6 of 11 Mechanical Drawings (continued) TOP VIEW ( COMPONENT SIDE ) BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: (mm) 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = ±0.25 [0.01]; X.XX [X.XXX] = ±0.13 [0.005] 3. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 12 — V T M ™ through-hole module mechanical outline RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN ( COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN ) NOTES: (mm) 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = ±0.25 [0.01]; X.XX [X.XXX] = ±0.13 [0.005] 3. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 13 — VTM™ through-hole module PCB layout information vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 7 of 11 Mechanical Drawings (continued) RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN (NO GROUNDING CLIPS) TOP SIDE SHOWN NOTES: 1. MAINTAIN 3.50 [0.138] DIA. KEEP-OUT ZONE FREE OF COPPER, ALL PCB LAYERS. 2. (A) MINIMUM RECOMMENDED PITCH IS 39.50 [1.555], THIS PROVIDES 7.00 [0.275] COMPONENT EDGE-TO-EDGE SPACING, AND 0.50 [0.020] CLEARANCE BETWEEN VICOR HEAT SINKS. (B) MINIMUM RECOMMENDED PITCH IS 41.00 [1.614], THIS PROVIDES 8.50 [0.334] COMPONENT EDGE-TO-EDGE SPACING, AND 2.00 [0.079] CLEARANCE BETWEEN VICOR HEAT SINKS. RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN (With GROUNDING CLIPS) TOP SIDE SHOWN 3. V•I CHIP™ MODULE LAND PATTERN SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY; ACTUAL LAND PATTERN MAY DIFFER. DIMENSIONS FROM EDGES OF LAND PATTERN TO PUSH-PIN HOLES WILL BE THE SAME FOR ALL FULL SIZE V•ICHIP PRODUCTS. 4. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION. 5. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE MM [INCH]. TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = ±0.3 [0.01] X.XX [X.XXX] = ±0.13 [0.005] 6. PLATED THROUGH HOLES FOR GROUNDING CLIPS (33855) SHOWN FOR REFERENCE. HEAT SINK ORIENTATION AND DEVICE PITCH WILL DICTATE FINAL GROUNDING SOLUTION. Figure 14 — Hole location for push pin heat sink relative to V•I Chip™ module vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 8 of 11 Application Note Parallel Operation Input Impedance Recommendations In applications requiring higher current or redundancy, VTM™ current multipliers can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. To maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each VTM™ module in a parallel array be equal. If the modules are being fed by an upstream PRM™ regulator, the VC nodes of all VTM modules must be connected to the PRM module VC. To take full advantage of the current multiplier’s capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the PC board impedance) must be low over a range from DC to 5 MHz. Input bypass capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. The VTM module has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the module. To achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the PC board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled VTMs. This technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. Anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the VTM module, multiplied by its K factor of 1/12. The DC resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the module. If the module is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold. The VTM module power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the module is operating within its specified ranges. Bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. The module may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. It does so efficiently. Input Fuse Recommendations V•I Chip products are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. However, input line fusing of V•I Chip modules must always be incorporated within the power system. A fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. The input line fuse should be placed in series with the +In port. Thermal Considerations V•I Chip™ products are multi-chip modules whose temperature distribution varies greatly for each part number as well as with the input /output conditions, thermal management and environmental conditions. Maintaining the top of the V048F040T050 case to less than 100°C will keep all junctions within the V•I Chip module below 125°C for most applications. The percent of total heat dissipated through the top surface versus through the J-lead is entirely dependent on the particular mechanical and thermal environment. The heat dissipated through the top surface is typically 60%. The heat dissipated through the J-lead onto the PCB board surface is typically 40%. Use 100% top surface dissipation when designing for a conservative cooling solution. It is not recommended to use a V•I Chip module for an extended period of time at full load without proper heat sinking. Application Notes For application notes on soldering, thermal management, board layout, and system design click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/application_information/chips/ Input reflected ripple measurement point F1 6A Fuse +Out +In -Out C1 47 µF Al electrolytic C2 0.47 µF ceramic TM VC PC VTM™ +Out 14 V + – -In K Ro + R3 10 mΩ Load C3 47 µF -Out – Notes: C3 should be placed close to the load R3 may be ESR of C3 or a separate damping resistor. Figure 15 — VTM™ module test circuit vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 9 of 11 Application Note (continued) VTM™ Current Multiplier Level 1 DC Behavioral Model for 48 V to 4 V, 50 A ROUT IOUT + + 2.8 mΩ V•I 1/12 • IOUT VIN + + – IQ 81 mA 1/12 • VIN VOUT – K – – © Figure 16 — This model characterizes the DC operation of the V•I Chip VTM, including the converter transfer function and its losses. The model enables estimates or simulations of output voltage as a function of input voltage and output load, as well as total converter power dissipation or heat generation. V•I Chip VTM™ Current Multiplier Level 2 Transient Behavioral Model for 48 V to 4 V, 50 A 0.23 nH IOUT LIN = 5 nH + 2.8 mΩ RRCIN CIN 1/12 • IOUT CIN 1.9 µF 0.7 mΩ 1/12• VIN + + – – COUT IQ 81 mA + RRC COUT OUT 0.96 mΩ V•I 1.3 mΩ VIN LOUT = 1.1 nH ROUT 255 µF VOUT K – – © Figure 17 — This model characterizes the AC operation of the V•I Chip VTM including response to output load or input voltage transients or steady state modulations. The model enables estimates or simulations of input and output voltages under transient conditions, including response to a stepped load with or without external filtering elements. In figures below; K = VTM™ current multiplier transformation ratio RO = VTM output resistance VF = PRM output (Factorized Bus Voltage) VO = VTM output VL = Desired load voltage FPA™ Adaptive Loop 0.01 mF 10 kΩ VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM™ -AL Module +In VH SC SG OS NC CD ROS Factorized Bus (VF ) +Out +In +Out RCD +Out 0.4 µH VIN TM VC PC VTM™ Module 10 Ω –In – In –Out – Out K Ro L O A D – Out Figure 18 — The PRM™ regulator controls the factorized bus voltage, VF , in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, Ro, of the VTM™ current multipler. The VTM module output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (VL) over all line and load conditions. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 Page 10 of 11 Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request. Product Warranty In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the “Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER. 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The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Life Support Policy VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965. Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: [email protected] Technical Support: [email protected] vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 VTM™ Current Multiplier V048F040T050 Rev. 3.2 11/2011