AN102
CONFIGURING
THE
INTERNAL
AND
Relevant Devices
EXTERNAL OSCILLATORS
Introduction
This application note applies to the following The purpose of this application note is to describe
devices:
how to configure and use the internal and external
oscillators. Configuration descriptions, setup
C8051F000, C8051F001, C8051F002,
examples, and sample code are provided.
C8051F005, C8051F006, C8051F010, C8051F011,
C8051F012, C8051F012, C8051F015,
Key Points
C8051F016, C8051F017, C8051F018,
C8051F019, C8051F020, C8051F021,
• The internal oscillator in divide-by-8 mode is
C8051F022, C8051F023, C8051F040,
enabled and selected automatically when the
C8051F041, C8051F042, C8051F043,
device is reset.
C8051F060, C8051F061, C8051F062,
• The system clock can be easily switched
C8051F063, C8051F120, C8051F121,
between the internal and external oscillators.
C8051F122, C8051F123, C8051F124,
• It is legal to select the External Oscillator as the
C8051F125, C8051F126, C8051F127,
System Clock and disable the Internal OscillaC8051F206, C8051F220, C8051F221,
tor in the same write, if possible on the device.
C8051F226, C8051F230 and C8051F236.
If running off the external oscillator, it is legal
to enable the internal oscillator and select the
internal oscillator as the system clock in the
same write.
IFRDY
CLKSL
IOSCEN
IFCN1
IFCN0
MSCLKE
OSCICN
EN
Internal Clock
Generator
RC
C
CMOS
AV+
SYSCLK
XTAL1
CRYSTAL
XTAL1
XTAL2
XTAL1
XTAL1
XTAL2
Input
Circuit
OSC
XFCN2
XFCN1
XFCN0
XTLVLD
XOSCMD2
XOSCMD1
XOSCMD0
AGND
OSCXCN
Rev. 2.1 12/03
Copyright © 2003 by Silicon Laboratories
AN102-DS21
AN102
•
•
•
•
It is legal to change the frequency of the internal oscillator while using the internal oscillator
as the system clock.
In all oscillator modes, /SYSCLK, a buffered
version of the system clock, can be output on a
port pin by enabling it in the Crossbar. On
C8051F2xx devices,
/SYSCLK may be enabled in the Port 1 MUX.
If the Missing Clock Detector is enabled, a
RESET will occur if the system clock drops
below about 10 kHz.
On some devices, the Crystal Oscillator Valid
flag can be used to generate an interrupt when
the crystal oscillator stabilizes, allowing the
interrupt handler to switch to the external oscillator.
settings and typical frequencies are shown in
Table 1 . The internal oscillator divide factor can be
changed on the fly by changing the IFCN bits. The
frequency change happens almost instantaneously
Table 1. Internal Oscillator Frequency Control
Bits in the OSCICN Register
IFCN
Typical
Frequency
(16 MHz
Oscillator)
Typical
Frequency
(24.5 MHz
Calibrated
Osciillator)
00b
2 MHz
3.0625 MHz
01b
4 MHz
6.125 MHz
10b
8 MHz
12.25 MHz
11b
16 MHz
24.5 MHz
Clocking Options
All devices covered by this note have an internal
and an external oscillator. The internal oscillator
frequency is configurable from user software and
has four settings that that can divide the oscillator
frequency by 1, 2, 4, or 8. It addition to the four
main settings, some devices have a calibrated
± 2 % internal oscillator with a fine-tunable frequency in steps of approximately 50 kHz. The
external oscillator provides even more flexibility in
frequency selection, power consumption, and accuracy using its 4 modes of operation.
The system clock can be freely switched between
the internal and external oscillators. Furthermore,
you can leave the external oscillator enabled while
the internal oscillator is selected to avoid startup
delays when the system clock is switched back to
the external oscillator.
The power consumption of the internal oscillator
itself is independent of the selected frequency;
however, the power consumption of the entire
device is frequency dependent.
The accuracy of the internal oscillator is ± 20 %
across process, power supply, and temperature variations on devices with an uncalibrated 16 MHz
oscillator and ± 2 % on devices with a calibrated
24.5 MHz oscillator.
External Oscillator
The external oscillator is highly configurable,
offering many choices to the system designer. The
time base can be derived from an external CMOSlevel clock source, an attached crystal or ceramic
resonator, an attached RC combination, or an external capacitor.
The operation of the internal and external oscillators is governed by SFR registers described in the
External CMOS Clock Mode
‘Oscillators’ chapter of the appropriate datasheet.
The system clock can be supplied from an external
CMOS-level clock source tied to the XTAL1 pin,
At reset, the internal oscillator divided by 8 is such as a crystal oscillator module or the clock sigselected as the system clock. The internal oscillator
Internal Oscillator
2
Rev. 2.1
AN102
nal from another MCU.
Note: the XTAL1 pin is NOT 5V-tolerant.
connected as shown in Figure 1. When the capacitor voltage (Vc) is less than VDD/3, the capacitor
charges through the resistor. Once the capacitor
voltage reaches VDD/3, the comparator creates a
path to AGND and discharges the capacitor.
External Crystal Mode
In general, a crystal is called for when an accurate
time base is needed, for example when the absolute
sampling rate of the ADC is critical or a standard
UART baud rate must be generated. Note that on
devices with a calibrated 24.5 MHz internal oscillator, a crystal is not needed for UART communication. Alternately, a low-frequency tuning-fork
crystal, e.g. a 32.768 kHz watch crystal, can be
used to operate the device in a low-power mode,
then control can be switched to the high-frequency
internal oscillator as required by the system.
This operation produces a saw-tooth type waveform at XTAL1, shown in Figure 2, whose period
is dominated by the rise time of the voltage across
the cap; the discharge time is less than 10 ns for a
100 pF capacitor. The output of the comparator is
buffered and fed to a divide-by-two stage, the output of which becomes the system clock.
The accuracy of the time base in external RC mode
is dominated by the tolerances of the R and C components.
The accuracy and stability of the crystal oscillator
is governed almost exclusively by the attached
crystal or ceramic resonator, provided that the loading capacitance parameters and oscillator drive
level are set appropriately.
Figure 1. RC Mode Overview
VDD
R
The crystal oscillator circuit is designed to be used
with parallel-mode-specified crystals.
XTAL1
+
-
+
External RC
C
Vc
The external oscillator time base can also be
derived from an external series RC combination
VDD/3
-
Figure 2. RC Mode Waveform
Generation
Vc
VDD
VDD/3
Time
Rev. 2.1
3
AN102
External C Mode
the order of ± 30 % across process, power supply,
and temperature variations.
This mode is similar in operation to the external
Figure 4. C Mode Waveform Generation
RC mode above, except the charging current for the
capacitor is supplied by an internal programmable
Vc
current source at XTAL2. This is the least accurate
VDD
time base mode; however, it is the most flexible in
that a single passive component can provide up to
eight different operating frequencies, the highest
frequency being almost a factor of 3000 greater
than the lowest frequency.
VDD/3
The external oscillator in C mode generates a signal by constantly charging and discharging the
Time
capacitor connected to XTAL2. As Figure 3 shows,
the capacitor charges linearly from a constant current source. When the voltage on the capacitor Internal Oscillator
reaches VDD/3, the comparator creates a path to
Configuration Example
ground, discharging the capacitor. Once the capacitor is discharged, the comparator opens the switch At reset, the internal oscillator divided by 8 is
and the cycle repeats. The resulting waveform is selected as the system clock.
shown in Figure 4.
Hardware Connection: If the system design uses
The accuracy of the time base in external C mode is the internal oscillator exclusively AND does not
dominated by the tolerance on the capacitor and the use the external oscillator, the XTAL1 pin should
accuracy of the internal current source at XTAL2. be grounded externally as shown in Figure 5, or
The accuracy of the internal current source is on grounded internally by setting the XOSCMD bits
(OSCXCN.6-4) to '000'. If the system calls for having the /RST line of the device held low for long
periods of time, then grounding XTAL1 externally
is recommended.
Figure 5. Optional Internal Oscillator
Connection
Figure 3. C Mode Overview
Internal
Oscillator
VDD
XTAL2
XTAL1
+
-
+
C
Vc
XTAL1
VDD/3
AGND
-
4
Rev. 2.1
AN102
The IFCN bits (OSCICN.1-0) program the internal
oscillator frequency. Four divide settings are selectable as shown in Table 1 . If the device has a calibrated 24.5 MHz internal oscillator, the frequency
may be fine-tuned by incrementing or decrementing the OSCICL register.
The startup and stabilization time for the internal
oscillator is nearly instantaneous. Also, the internal
oscillator’s frequency can be changed arbitrarily at
any time. Since the internal oscillator stabilizes at
its newly programmed frequency before the next
instruction is executed, IFRDY polling is not
required.
External Oscillator
Configuration Examples
quency can be derived from the incoming signal asis, or passed through a divide-by-two stage.
Note: Unlike some port I/O pins, the XTAL1
and XTAL2 pins are NOT 5-V tolerant. The
voltage at these pins should be kept between
AV+ and AGND.
External Crystal
The external oscillator timebase can be derived
from a crystal or ceramic resonator connected
across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins, as shown in
Figure 7. The external oscillator can be configured
to to use the crystal frequency as-is, or divided by
two. Also, XFCN should be set based on the crystal
frequency as discussed later in the text.
The XTLVLD (Crystal Oscillator Valid) flag can be
The external oscillator supports four different con- used to determine when the external oscillator has
figurations: CMOS clock, crystal , RC, and C
modes. The external oscillator can be configured
Figure 6. External CMOS Clock
using the OSCXCN register. Once the external
Connection
oscillator has been configured and has stabilized,
the system clock can switch from the internal oscilCMOS
lator to the external oscillator using the CLKSL
Clock
bit(s). Check the appropriate datasheet for more
Source
information and the location of the CLKSL bit(s).
XTAL1
In crystal-based designs, it can take up to several
milliseconds to start the crystal oscillator, depending on the crystal frequency. Slower crystals tend to
have a longer startup time than faster crystals. The
XTLVLD (Crystal Oscillator Valid) flag can be
used to determine when the external oscillator has
stabilized.
In external RC and external C modes, the startup
time of the external oscillator is instantaneous.
External CMOS Clock
XTAL2
Figure 7. External Crystal Connection
External
Crystal
Cx1
XTAL1
X1
The external oscillator clock can be supplied from
an external CMOS-level source tied to the XTAL1
input. In this configuration, XTAL2 should be left
floating, as shown in Figure 6. The SYSCLK fre-
Rev. 2.1
10 MΩ
XTAL2
Cx2
AGND
5
AN102
stabilized. The XTLVLD detection circuit requires
a settling time to acheive proper bias. Introducing a
1 ms delay between enabling the oscillator and
checking the XTLVLD flag will prevent a premature switch to the external oscillator as the system
clock. Switching to the external oscillator before it
has fully stabilized can cause unpredicable behavior.
If the design uses a normal quartz crystal, Table 2
and Table 3 can be used to quickly determine
XFCN based on the crystal frequency. .
Table 2. Crystal Mode XFCN Selection for ‘F00x,
‘F01x, ‘F02x and ‘F2xx Devices
Note: the loading capacitors (Cx1 and Cx2 in
Figure 7) should be tied to the analog ground plane.
Also note that the feedback resistor for the crystal oscillator inverter is supplied on-chip, making an external resistor unnecessary.
Crystal Startup Procedure
1. Configure the OSCXCN register to select the
desired external oscillator mode.
2. Wait at least 1ms.
Crystal Frequency
000b
f < 12 kHz
001b
12 kHz < f ≤ 30 kHz
010b
30 kHz < f ≤ 95 kHz
011b
95 kHz < f ≤ 270 kHz
100b
270 kHz < f ≤ 720 kHz
101b
720 kHz < f ≤ 2.2 MHz
110b
2.2 MHz < f ≤ 6.7 MHz
111b
f > 6.7 MHz
Table 3. Crystal Mode XFCN Selection for ‘F04x,
‘F06x, and ‘F12x Devices
3. Poll for XTLVLD => ‘1’.
4. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator.
Determining XFCN
XFCN controls the drive level of the crystal oscillator driver. In essence, the drive level should be
strong enough to excite the crystal to oscillation,
but not so strong as to stress the crystal to cause it
to degrade prematurely.
For 3 MHz crystals and above, degradation based
on an XFCN setting that is too high is typically not
an issue, and the maximum XFCN value can be
used, though this will result in a higher operating
current for the oscillator. For low-frequency tuning-fork crystals, 32.768 kHz and 100 kHz for
example, overdriving the crystal does present a
reliability concern. Additionally, if the drive level
is too high, the tuning-fork crystals may not oscillate at all.
6
XFCN
Rev. 2.1
XFCN
Crystal Frequency
000b
f < 32 kHz
001b
32 kHz < f ≤ 84 kHz
010b
84 kHz < f ≤ 225 kHz
011b
225 kHz < f ≤ 590 kHz
100b
590 kHz < f ≤ 1.5 MHz
101b
1.5 kHz < f ≤ 4 MHz
110b
4 MHz < f ≤ 10 MHz
111b
10 MHz < f ≤ 30 MHz
AN102
External RC Network
XFCN drive current selection should be set according to Table 4 .
Figure 5 shows the connection diagram for external
RC mode. Note that the series RC connection is Table 4. RC Mode XFCN Selection
made between the analog power supply and analog
XFCN
Oscillation Frequency
ground. Equation 1 gives the external oscillator frequency in RC mode.
000b
f < 25 kHz
Equation 1. External Oscillator Frequency in
RC Mode
3
1.23 ×10
Fosc = ----------------------R×C
Where:
Fosc = external oscillator frequency in MHz
C = capacitor value in pF
R = resistor value in kΩ
To configure the device for RC mode, the External
Oscillator Mode bits in the OSCXCN register
should be set to ‘10x’. This setting is valid for both
RC and C modes. When using these modes, an
internal divide-by-two stage is always enabled and
is accounted for in Equation 1. Furthermore, the
001b
25 kHz < f ≤ 50 kHz
010b
50 kHz < f ≤ 100 kHz
011b
100 kHz < f ≤ 200 kHz
100b
200 kHz < f ≤ 400 kHz
101b
400 kHz < f ≤ 800 kHz
110b
800 kHz < f ≤ 1.6 MHz
111b
1.6 MHz < f ≤ 3.2 MHz
XFCN can always be set to a number higher than
indicated in Table 3, but will result in a higher
operating current for the oscillator. If XFCN is set
too low, the oscillator frequency will be lower than
predicted by Equation 1.
Note: the startup time for the external oscillator
in RC mode is nearly instantaneous. The
XTLVLD flag is undefined in this mode.
Figure 8. External RC Connection
RC Example: 100 kHZ
AV+
R
The supplied capacitor should be between 10 pF
and 100 pF, keeping in mind that at lower capacitance values the parasitic capacitance will have a
greater impact on the final frequency. We illustrate
with a few examples:
XTAL2
We start with C = 33 pF. The total capacitance
including stray capacitance is 33 + 6, or 39 pF.
XTAL1
C
AGND
Rev. 2.1
7
AN102
Assuming we want a frequency of oscillation of disabled. If the missing clock detector is enabled, it
will generate a system reset if the system clock
100 kHz, we solve Equation 3 to find R:
falls
below about 10 kHz.
3
×10
Fosc = 1.23
----------------------R×C
In this example, we use a C value of 100 pF, resulting in a total capacitance of 106 pF. Solving Equation 3 for R:
3
1.23 ×10 R = ----------------------Fosc × C
3
×10
R = 1.23
----------------------0.1 × 39
3
1.23 ×10
Fosc = ----------------------R×C
R = 315 kΩ
3
1.23 ×10 R = ----------------------Fosc × C
From Table 3, we set XFCN to at least '010'.
3
1.23 ×10 R = -----------------------------0.001 × 106
RC Example: 3.2 MHz
R = 11.6 MΩ
It is possible to operate the external oscillator in
RC mode at frequencies greater than 3.2 MHz, but
this practice is not recommended. There will be a
significant deviation of the oscillation frequency
from the equation-predicted value as the frequency
increases. Specifically, the actual frequency of
oscillation will tend to be lower than the predicted
value due to fixed internal delays, which become
appreciable as the oscillation period decreases.
From Table 3, XFCN can be set to '000'.
External Capacitor
Figure 6 shows the connections for external C
mode. Note that the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins are
tied together, and that the supplied capacitor is tied
between the XTAL pins and the analog ground
plane. Equation 2 gives the external oscillator frequency in C mode.
Using a 33 pF capacitor which results in a total
capacitance of 39 pF, we solve Equation 1 to find Table 5 lists K Factor vs. XFCN setting.
R:
External C mode is similar in operation to external
3
1.23 ×10
Fosc = ----------------------RC mode, except that the charging current for the
R×C
3
capacitor is supplied by a programmable current
1.23 ×10
R = -----------------------source at XTAL2. The supplied capacitor should be
Fosc × C
between 10 pF and 100 pF, keeping in mind that at
3
×10
----------------------R = 1.23
3.2 × 39
Figure 9. External Capacitor
Connection
R = 9.86 kΩ
XTAL2
From Table 4 , we set XFCN to a value of '111'.
XTAL1
RC Example: 1 kHz
If A/D converter performance is not critical, the
system clock frequency can be made arbitrarily
slow, provided that the missing clock detector is
8
Rev. 2.1
C
AGND
AN102
We illustrate external C mode with some examples:
Equation 2. Oscillator Frequency in C Mode
C Example: 100 kHz
Assuming a 3.0V analog power supply and a 33 pF
external capacitor, the total capacitance including
parasitic capacitance is 39 pF. We solve Equation 2
for KF:
KF Fosc = --------------------C × AV+
Where:
Fosc = external oscillator frequency MHz
KF = The K Factor, a unit-less quantity
KF = Fosc ( C × AV+ )
C = capacitor value in pF (includes stray capacitance
KF = 0.1 ( 39 × 3.0 )
AV+ = analog power supply voltage in Volts
KF = 11.7
Referencing Table 5 , the closest KF value is 13,
for a device that has a 16 MHz internal oscillator.
Solving Equation 2 with a KF of 13 yields an oscillation frequency of about 111 kHz. Increasing our
capacitor value to 37 pF (43 pF total) and solving
Equation 2 for frequency, we find that we can
achieve 101 kHz. We set XFCN to '011' to select a
KF value of 13.
Table 5. C Mode XFCN Selection
XFCN
KF for ‘F00x,
‘F01x, ‘F02x,
and ‘F2xx
Devices
KF for ‘F04x,
‘F06x, and
‘F12x
Devices
000b
0.44
0.87
001b
1.4
2.6
010b
4.4
7.7
011b
13
22
100b
38
65
101b
100
180
Adjacent XFCN values result in K Factors which
are about a factor of three apart. For example,
increasing XFCN to '011' in the above example
would increase the oscillation frequency from
about 100 kHz to about 300 kHz.
Setting XFCN to its highest value '111', results in a
KF of 1400. Using this setting with the above
110b
420
664
capacitance results in a frequency of oscillation of
111b
1400
1590
about 10 MHz as predicted by Equation 4. As in
the external RC mode, the equations are accurate
lower capacitance values the parasitic capacitance for frequencies that are 3 MHz and below, and
will have a greater impact on the final frequency.
become less accurate as the frequency increases.
The actual frequency of oscillation is highly variable due to capacitor tolerance, parasitic capacitance, power supply voltage, and the variance of
the internal current source, which is about ± 30 %.
Note: the startup time for the external oscillator
in C mode is nearly instantaneous. The
XTLVLD flag is undefined in this mode.
Rev. 2.1
9
AN102
C Example: 3 MHz
Using an external capacitor of 50 pF (56 pF total
capacitance) and 3.0 V AV+, we solve Equation 4
for KF:
KF = Fosc ( C × AV+ )
KF = 3 ( 56 × 3.0 )
KF = 504
The closest KF in Table 4 for devices with a
16 MHz internal oscillator is 420. This results in a
frequency of oscillation around 2.5 MHz so we set
XFCN to '110'.
10
Rev. 2.1
AN102
Software Configuration Examples
The following examples show how to configure the internal and external oscillators on each device family.
C8051F00x and C8051F01x Example
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// F0xx_Osc_Init.c
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Copyright 2003 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc.
//
// AUTH: FB
// DATE: 27 DEC 02
//
// This program shows an example of configuring the internal
// and external oscillators.
//
// Target: C8051F00x and C8051F01x
// Tool chain: KEIL C51 6.03 / KEIL EVAL C51
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Includes
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <c8051f000.h>
// SFR declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// 16-bit SFR Definitions for ‘F00x
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
DP
TMR3RL
TMR3
ADC0
ADC0GT
ADC0LT
RCAP2
T2
DAC0
DAC1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x82;
0x92;
0x94;
0xbe;
0xc4;
0xc6;
0xca;
0xcc;
0xd2;
0xd5;
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
data pointer
Timer3 reload value
Timer3 counter
ADC0 data
ADC0 greater than window
ADC0 less than window
Timer2 capture/reload
Timer2
DAC0 data
DAC1 data
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Function PROTOTYPES
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void
void
void
void
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void);
SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void);
SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void);
SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN Routine
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void main (void) {
Rev. 2.1
11
AN102
WDTCN = 0xde;
WDTCN = 0xad;
// disable watchdog timer
// select one of the following functions to initialze the system clock
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init ();
// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init ();
// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init ();
// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init ();
while (1);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Initialization Subroutines
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use the internal oscillator
// at its maximum frequency.
//
void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void)
{
OSCICN = 0x87;
// Set internal oscillator to
// maximum frequency and enable missing
// clock detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use a 22.1184MHz crystal
// as its clock source. Assumes a 22.1184 MHz crystal and associated loading
// capacitors are connected at XTAL1 and XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void)
{
int i;
// delay counter
OSCXCN = 0x67;
// start external oscillator with
// 22.1184MHz crystal
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) ;
// XTLVLD blanking interval (>1ms)
while (!(OSCXCN & 0x80)) ;
// Wait for crystal osc. to settle
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an external RC network
12
Rev. 2.1
AN102
// or a single capacitor as its clock source. Assumes an
// connected to XTAL1 or a single capacitor is connected
// XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void)
{
OSCXCN = 0x47;
// start external
// C/RC mode with
OSCICN = 0x88;
RC network is
to XTAL1 and
oscillator in
XFCN = 7
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to the external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode. Assumes a CMOS clock generator is connected to XTAL1.
//
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void)
{
OSCXCN = 0x20;
// start external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode.
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
Rev. 2.1
13
AN102
C8051F02x Example
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// F02x_Osc_Init.c
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Copyright 2003 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc.
//
// AUTH: FB
// DATE: 27 DEC 02
//
// This program shows an example of configuring the internal
// and external oscillators.
//
// Target: C8051F02x
// Tool chain: KEIL C51 6.03 / KEIL EVAL C51
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Includes
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <c8051f020.h>
// SFR declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// 16-bit SFR Definitions for ‘F02x
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
DP
TMR3RL
TMR3
ADC0
ADC0GT
ADC0LT
RCAP2
T2
RCAP4
T4
DAC0
DAC1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x82;
0x92;
0x94;
0xbe;
0xc4;
0xc6;
0xca;
0xcc;
0xe4;
0xf4;
0xd2;
0xd5;
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
data pointer
Timer3 reload value
Timer3 counter
ADC0 data
ADC0 greater than window
ADC0 less than window
Timer2 capture/reload
Timer2
Timer4 capture/reload
Timer4
DAC0 data
DAC1 data
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Global CONSTANTS
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------sbit LED = P1^6;
sbit SW1 = P3^7;
// LED=’1’ means ON
// SW1=’0’ means switch pressed
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Function PROTOTYPES
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void
void
void
void
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void);
SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void);
SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void);
SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN Routine
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
Rev. 2.1
AN102
void main (void) {
WDTCN = 0xde;
WDTCN = 0xad;
// disable watchdog timer
// select one of the following functions to initialze the system clock
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init ();
// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init ();
// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init ();
// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init ();
while (1);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Initialization Subroutines
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use the internal oscillator
// at its maximum frequency.
//
void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void)
{
OSCICN = 0x87;
// Set internal oscillator to
// maximum frequency and enable missing
// clock detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use a 22.1184MHz crystal
// as its clock source. Assumes a 22.1184 MHz crystal and associated loading
// capacitors are connected at XTAL1 and XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void)
{
int i;
// delay counter
OSCXCN = 0x67;
// start external oscillator with
// 22.1184MHz crystal
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) ;
// XTLVLD blanking interval (>1ms)
while (!(OSCXCN & 0x80)) ;
// Wait for crystal osc. to settle
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rev. 2.1
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AN102
//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an external RC network
// or a single capacitor as its clock source. Assumes an RC network is
// connected to XTAL1 or a single capacitor is connected to XTAL1 and
// XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void)
{
OSCXCN = 0x47;
// start external oscillator in
// C/RC mode with XFCN = 7
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to the external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode. Assumes a CMOS clock generator is connected to XTAL1.
//
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void)
{
OSCXCN = 0x20;
// start external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode.
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
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C8051F04x Example
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// F04x_Osc_Init.c
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Copyright 2003 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc.
//
// AUTH: FB
// DATE: 27 DEC 02
//
// This program shows an example of configuring the internal
// and external oscillators.
//
// Target: C8051F04x
// Tool chain: KEIL C51 6.03 / KEIL EVAL C51
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Includes
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <c8051f040.h>
// SFR declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Function PROTOTYPES
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void
void
void
void
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void);
SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void);
SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void);
SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN Routine
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void main (void) {
WDTCN = 0xde;
WDTCN = 0xad;
// disable watchdog timer
// select one of the following functions to initialze the system clock
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init ();
// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init ();
// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init ();
// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init ();
while (1);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Initialization Subroutines
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use the internal oscillator
// at its maximum frequency.
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//
void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
// Set SFR Page
OSCICN = 0x83;
// Set internal oscillator to
// maximum frequency
CLKSEL = 0x00;
// Select internal oscillator as
// SYSCLK source
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an 22.1184MHz crystal
// as its clock source. Assumes a 22.1184 MHz crystal and associated loading
// capacitors are connected at XTAL1 and XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void)
{
int i;
// delay counter
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
OSCXCN = 0x67;
// start external oscillator with
// 22.1184MHz crystal (XFCN = 7)
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) ;
// XTLVLD blanking interval (>1ms)
while (!(OSCXCN & 0x80)) ;
// Wait for crystal osc. to settle
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
// enable missing clock detector
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an external RC network
// or a single capacitor as its clock source. Assumes an RC network is
// connected to XTAL1 or a single capacitor is connected to XTAL1 and
// XTAL2.
//
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AN102
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
OSCXCN = 0x47;
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// Save Current SFR page
// Set SFR Page
// start external oscillator in
// C/RC mode with XFCN = 7
// enable missing clock detector
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to the external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode. Assumes a CMOS clock generator is connected to XTAL1.
//
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
OSCXCN = 0x20;
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// start external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode.
// enable missing clock detector
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
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AN102
C8051F06x Example
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// F06x_Osc_Init.c
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Copyright 2003 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc.
//
// AUTH: FB
// DATE: 27 DEC 02
//
// This program shows an example of configuring the internal
// and external oscillators.
//
// Target: C8051F06x
// Tool chain: KEIL C51 6.03 / KEIL EVAL C51
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Includes
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <c8051f060.h>
// SFR declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Function PROTOTYPES
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void
void
void
void
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void);
SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void);
SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void);
SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN Routine
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void main (void) {
WDTCN = 0xde;
WDTCN = 0xad;
// disable watchdog timer
// select one of the following functions to initialze the system clock
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init ();
// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init ();
// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init ();
// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init ();
while (1);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Initialization Subroutines
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use the internal oscillator
// at its maximum frequency.
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Rev. 2.1
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//
void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
// Set SFR Page
OSCICN = 0x83;
// Set internal oscillator to
// maximum frequency
CLKSEL = 0x00;
// Select internal oscillator as
// SYSCLK source
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an 22.1184MHz crystal
// as its clock source. Assumes a 22.1184 MHz crystal and associated loading
// capacitors are connected at XTAL1 and XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void)
{
int i;
// delay counter
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
OSCXCN = 0x67;
// start external oscillator with
// 22.1184MHz crystal (XFCN = 7)
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) ;
// XTLVLD blanking interval (>1ms)
while (!(OSCXCN & 0x80)) ;
// Wait for crystal osc. to settle
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
// enable missing clock detector
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an external RC network
// or a single capacitor as its clock source. Assumes an RC network is
// connected to XTAL1 or a single capacitor is connected to XTAL1 and
// XTAL2.
//
Rev. 2.1
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AN102
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
OSCXCN = 0x47;
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// Save Current SFR page
// Set SFR Page
// start external oscillator in
// C/RC mode with XFCN = 7
// enable missing clock detector
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to the external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode. Assumes a CMOS clock generator is connected to XTAL1.
//
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
OSCXCN = 0x20;
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// start external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode.
// enable missing clock detector
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
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AN102
C8051F12x Example
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// F12x_Osc_Init.c
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Copyright 2003 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc.
//
// AUTH: FB
// DATE: 27 DEC 02
//
// This program shows an example of configuring the internal
// and external oscillators.
//
// Target: C8051F12x
// Tool chain: KEIL C51 6.03 / KEIL EVAL C51
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Includes
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <c8051f120.h>
// SFR declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// 16-bit SFR Definitions for ‘F12x
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
DP
ADC0
ADC0GT
ADC0LT
RCAP2
RCAP3
RCAP4
TMR2
TMR3
TMR4
DAC0
DAC1
PCA0CP5
PCA0CP2
PCA0CP3
PCA0CP4
PCA0
PCA0CP0
PCA0CP1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x82;
0xbe;
0xc4;
0xc6;
0xca;
0xca;
0xca;
0xcc;
0xcc;
0xcc;
0xd2;
0xd2;
0xe1;
0xe9;
0xeb;
0xed;
0xf9;
0xfb;
0xfd;
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
data pointer
ADC0 data
ADC0 greater than window
ADC0 less than window
Timer2 capture/reload
Timer3 capture/reload
Timer4 capture/reload
Timer2
Timer3
Timer4
DAC0 data
DAC1 data
PCA0 Module 5 capture
PCA0 Module 2 capture
PCA0 Module 3 capture
PCA0 Module 4 capture
PCA0 counter
PCA0 Module 0 capture
PCA0 Module 1 capture
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Global CONSTANTS
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------sbit LED = P1^6;
sbit SW1 = P3^7;
// LED=’1’ means ON
// SW1=’0’ means switch pressed
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Function PROTOTYPES
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void);
Rev. 2.1
23
AN102
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void);
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void);
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN Routine
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void main (void) {
WDTCN = 0xde;
WDTCN = 0xad;
// disable watchdog timer
// select one of the following functions to initialze the system clock
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init ();
// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init ();
// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init ();
// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init ();
while (1);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Initialization Subroutines
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use the internal oscillator
// at its maximum frequency.
//
void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
OSCICN = 0x83;
// Set internal oscillator to
// maximum frequency
CLKSEL = 0x00;
// Select internal oscillator as
// SYSCLK source
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an 22.1184 MHz crystal
// as its clock source. Assumes a 22.1184 MHz crystal and associated loading
// capacitors are connected at XTAL1 and XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void)
{
int i;
// delay counter
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
24
Rev. 2.1
AN102
OSCXCN = 0x67;
// start external oscillator with
// 22.1184MHz crystal (XFCN = 7)
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) ;
// XTLVLD blanking interval (>1ms)
while (!(OSCXCN & 0x80)) ;
// Wait for crystal osc. to settle
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
// enable missing clock detector
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an external RC network
// or a single capacitor as its clock source. Assumes an RC network is
// connected to XTAL1 or a single capacitor is connected to XTAL1 and
// XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void)
{
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Set SFR Page
OSCXCN = 0x47;
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// start external oscillator in
// C/RC mode with XFCN = 7
// enable missing clock detector
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to the external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode. Assumes a CMOS clock generator is connected to XTAL1.
//
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void)
{
Rev. 2.1
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AN102
char SFRPAGE_SAVE = SFRPAGE;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
// Save Current SFR page
// Set SFR Page
OSCXCN = 0x20;
// start external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode.
SFRPAGE = LEGACY_PAGE;
RSTSRC = 0x04;
SFRPAGE = CONFIG_PAGE;
CLKSEL = 0x01;
// enable missing clock detector
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source
OSCICN = 0x00;
// disable internal oscillator
SFRPAGE = SFRPAGE_SAVE;
// Restore SFR page
}
26
Rev. 2.1
AN102
C8051F2xx Example
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// F2xx_Osc_Init.c
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Copyright 2003 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc.
//
// AUTH: FB
// DATE: 27 DEC 02
//
// This program shows an example of configuring the internal
// and external oscillators.
//
// Target: C8051F2xx
// Tool chain: KEIL C51 6.03 / KEIL EVAL C51
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Includes
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <c8051f200.h>
// SFR declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// 16-bit SFR Definitions for ‘F2xx
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
sfr16
DP
ADC0
ADC0GT
ADC0LT
RCAP2
T2
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x82;
0xbe;
0xc4;
0xc6;
0xca;
0xcc;
//
//
//
//
//
//
data pointer
ADC0 data
ADC0 greater than window
ADC0 less than window
Timer2 capture/reload
Timer2
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Function PROTOTYPES
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void
void
void
void
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void);
SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void);
SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void);
SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN Routine
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------void main (void) {
WDTCN = 0xde;
WDTCN = 0xad;
// disable watchdog timer
// select one of the following functions to initialze the system clock
SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init ();
// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init ();
// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init ();
// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init ();
while (1);
Rev. 2.1
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AN102
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Initialization Subroutines
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use the internal oscillator
// at its maximum frequency.
//
void SYSCLK_IntOsc_Init (void)
{
OSCICN = 0x87;
// Set internal oscillator to
// maximum frequency and enable missing
// clock detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_Crystal_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an 22.1184 MHz crystal
// as its clock source. Assumes a 22.1184 MHz crystal and associated loading
// capacitors are connected at XTAL1 and XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_Crystal_Init (void)
{
int i;
// delay counter
OSCXCN = 0x67;
// start external oscillator with
// 22.1184MHz crystal
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) ;
// XTLVLD blanking interval (>1ms)
while (!(OSCXCN & 0x80)) ;
// Wait for crystal osc. to settle
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_C_RC_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to use an external RC network
// or a single capacitor as its clock source. Assumes an RC network is
// connected to XTAL1 or a single capacitor is connected to XTAL1 and
// XTAL2.
//
void SYSCLK_C_RC_Init (void)
{
OSCXCN = 0x47;
// start external oscillator in
// C/RC mode with XFCN = 7
OSCICN = 0x88;
28
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
Rev. 2.1
AN102
// detector
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// SYSCLK_CMOS_Init
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// This routine initializes the system clock to the external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode. Assumes a CMOS clock generator is connected to XTAL1.
//
void SYSCLK_CMOS_Init (void)
{
OSCXCN = 0x20;
// start external oscillator in
// CMOS clock mode.
OSCICN = 0x88;
// select external oscillator as SYSCLK
// source and enable missing clock
// detector
}
Rev. 2.1
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Contact Information
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Tel: 1+(512) 416-8500
Fax: 1+(512) 416-9669
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The information in this document is believed to be accurate in all respects at the time of publication but is subject to change without notice.
Silicon Laboratories assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions, and disclaims responsibility for any consequences resulting from
the use of information included herein. Additionally, Silicon Laboratories assumes no responsibility for the functioning of undescribed features
or parameters. Silicon Laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice. Silicon Laboratories makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Silicon Laboratories assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. Silicon Laboratories products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use in applications intended to
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