AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver

AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
This application note describes how to create a wireless MBUS-compliant device using
Silicon Labs Si4461/63/64 cost-efficient, high-performance EZRadioPRO® RF transceiver and EZR32 wireless MCU family. It does not cover the duty cycle and other timing requirements of the standard; rather, it focuses on the RF-related requirements of
the prEN 13757-4 rev:2013 wireless MBUS standard, unless noted otherwise. The RF
measurements listed in this application note were performed on the 4461-868-PDK development kit using the Wireless Development Suite. Refer to 2.6 Radio Link Requirements for Mode F for more details.
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KEY POINTS
• Silicon Labs Si446x high-performance RF
transceivers support all the WMBUS
modes, including S, T, R, C, F and various
N modes
• The EZRadioPRO® transceivers meet
WMBUS specifications
Rev. 0.3
AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Summary
1. Summary
Table 1.1 Measured Sensitivity for 80% PER on page 1 summarizes the measured sensitivity for 80% PER and indicates that the
radio meets the given MBUS mode specification.
Table 1.1. Measured Sensitivity for 80% PER
1
2
Mode
Parameter
Measurement Results
Comment
S1,S2
Sensitivity
–110 dBm
freq. offset, data rate, |
deviation corners
Meets all Corners
Meets MBUS Specifications
Sensitivity
–106 dBm
T1, T2
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all Corners
viation corners
3
R2
Sensitivity
–117 dBm
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all Corners
viation corners
4
C
Sensitivity
–110 dBm
(Meter to other)
Meets MBUS Specifications
Meets MBUS Specifications
Meets MBUS Specifications
-113 dBm
(Other to meter)
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets All Corners
viation corners
5
N(1,2)a/b/e/f
Sensitivity
–122 dBm
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets All Corners
viation corners
6
N(1,2)c/d
Sensitivity
–120.5 dBm
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all Corners
viation corners
7
Sensitivity
N2g
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all corners
viation corners
8
F
Sensitivity
–113 dBm
–117 dBm
freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all corners with
viation corners
longer wake-up window
Meets MBUS Specifications1 , 2
Meets MBUS Specifications2
Meets MBUS Specifications
Meets MBUS Specifications
Note:
1. 2.4 kHz deviation is used for the measurement according to the prEN 13757-4:2013 draft version of the standard.
2. The deviation offset tolerances were measured according to the prEN 13757-4:2013 draft version of the standard.
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Rev. 0.3 | 1
AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2. Wireless MBUS Standard
The Wireless MBUS standard (EN 13757-4) specifies two kinds of devices: “Meters” and “Others” (mobile readout devices, data collectors, etc.). The standard also defines several types of communication between devices:
• Mode S ("Stationary mode"):
• Mode S1: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode S1m: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode S2: bidirectional communication between the Meter and Other device
• Mode T ("Frequent transmit mode"):
• Mode T1: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode T2: bidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode R ("Frequent receive mode"): special, multipchannel receiving mode
• Mode R2: bidirectional link from Meter to Other device
• Mode C ("Compact Mode"):
• Mode C1: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode C2: bidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode N ("Narrowband VHF Mode"):
• Mode N1a-g: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode N2a-g: bidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device
• Mode F: protocol using routers
The following tables list the radio requirements for the transmitter and receiver for Mode S, T, R, C, N, and F devices.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2.1 Radio Link Requirements for Mode S
Table 2.1. Transmitter Requirements for Mode S
Characteristic
Mode
Sym
Center Frequency
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
868.25
868.30
868.35
MHz
~ 60 x 10 – 6
(ppm)
(Transmit Only
Meter, S1-SubMode)
Center Frequency
868.278
868.300
868.322
MHz
~ 25 x 10 – 6
(ppm)
(Other and S2Mode)
FSK Deviation
±40
±50
±80
kHz
—
32.768
—
kcps
Chip Rate Tolerance
—
—
±1.5
%
Digital Bit Jitter1
—
—
±3
µs
Data Rate
(Manchester)2
—
fchip × 1/2
—
bps
—
—
Chip Rate
Transmit
Preamble
Length Including Bit/ Byte
Sync,
fchip
S2,
48
chips
S1-M
Both Directions
Preamble
Length Including Bit/byte
Sync
S1
—
—
2
—
8
chips
tRO
3
—
50
ms
PL
Postamble
(Trailer)
Length3
Response Delay4
576
chips
Optional for S2
(Other To Meter Communication)
FAC Transmission Delay5 , 6
S2
tTxD
N × 1000 – 0.5
N × 1000
N × 1000 + 0.5
ms
FAC Time Out7
S2
tTO
25
—
30
s
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N = 2,3,4,or 5
Rev. 0.3 | 3
AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Mode
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
Note:
1. The bit jitter shall be measured at the output of the microcontroller or encoder circuit.
2. Each bit shall be coded as two chips (Manchester encoding).
3. The postamble (trailer) shall consist of n = 1 to 4 “ones”, i.e., the chip sequence is n x (01).
4. Response delay: After transmitting a frame in S2-mode, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in a time
shorter than the minimum response delay and shall be receiving at least for the duration of the maximum response delay.
5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another
device referred to in its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next
repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference
time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. For timing diagrams, see Appendix E.
6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle.
7. FAC Time out: is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the Other Device during the Frequent
Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the Meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent
Access Cycle).
Table 2.2. Receiver Requirements for Mode S
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Sensitivity (BER
< 102) or (PER <
0.8)1
HR
Po
–100
–105
—
dBm
Blocking Performance2
LR
3
—
—
Category
Blocking Performance2, 3
MR
2
—
—
Category
Blocking Performance23, 4
HR
2
—
—
Category
Acceptable Chip
Rate Tolerance
Dfchip
—
—
±2
%
Chip rate (Meter)
fchip
—
32,768
—
kcps
Note:
1. At a frame size of 20 bytes.
2. Receiver category according to ETSI En 300 220-1, V2, 4, 1:2012, 4.1.1.
3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in
ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2.
4. Additional requiremen for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be 40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300
220-1, v2.4.1: 2012, 8.3.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2.2 Radio Link Requirements for Mode T
Table 2.3. Transmitter Requirements for Mode T
Characteristic
Mode
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
Center Frequency (Meter
to Other)
T1,T2
868.90
868.95
869.00
MHz
~ 60 x 10 – 6
Center Frequency (Other
to Meter)
T2
FSK Deviation
(Meter to Other)
T1,T2
±40
±50
±80
kHz
FSK Deviation
(Other to Meter)
T2
±40
±50
±80
kHz
Chip Rate
Transmit (Meter to Other)
T1,T2
fchip
90
100
110
kcps
Rate Variation
within Header
+ Frame (Meter)
T1,T2
Dfchip
—
0
±1
%
Data Rate1
(Meter to Other, 3 out of 6
Encoding)
T1,T2
—
fchip × 2/3
—
bps
Chip Rate
Transmit (Other to Meter)
T2
—
32.768
—
kcps
Chip Rate Tolerance
T2
—
—
±1.5
%
Digital Bit Jitter1
T2
—
—
±3
us
Data Rate
T2
—
fchip × 1/2
—
bps
48
—
—
chips
2
—
8
chips
(ppm)
868.278
868.300
868.322
MHz
~ 25 x 10 – 6
(ppm)
(Other to Meter)
(Other to Meter, Manchester)2
Preamble
Length Including Bit / Byte
Sync
T1,T2
PL
Both Directions
Postamble
(Trailer)
Length3
T1,T2
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Mode
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Response Delay4
T2
tRO
2
—
3
ms
FAC Transmission Delay 5 , 6
T2
tTxD
N×1000 – 0.5
N×1000
N×1000 + 0.5
ms
FAC Time Out7
T2
tTO
25
—
30
s
Note
(Other to Meter
Communication)
N = 2,3,4, or 5
Note:
1. Each nibble (4 bits) shall be coded as six chips.
2. The bit jitter shall be measured at the output of the microprocessor or encoder circuit.
3. The postamble (trailer) shall consist of at least of at least two alternating chips. If the last chip of the CRC was a zero, then the
minimum postamble shall be “10”; otherwise, it shall be “01”.
4. Response delay: after transmitting a frame including the postamble, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in
a time shorter that the minimum response delay. After transmitting a frame, the receiver shall listen for a possible response for at
least the maximum response delay.
5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another
received message from another device referred to in its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission.
6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle.
7. FAC Time out is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the other device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment when the repetition of the last response of the meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle).
Table 2.4. Receiver Requirements for Mode T
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Sensitivity
(BER < 10–2)
or (PER <
0,8)1
HR
Po
–100
–105
—
dBm
Blocking Performance2
LR
—
3
—
Category
Blocking Performance 2, 3
MR
—
2
—
Category
Blocking Performance 23, 4
HR
—
2
—
Category
Acceptable
Header Chip
Rate Range:
(Other)
T1,T2
fchip
88
100
112
kcps
Acceptable
Chip Rate Variation During
Header and
Frame: (Other)
T1,T2
Dfchip
—
0
±2
%
Acceptable
Chip Rate Tolerance
T2
Dfchip
—
±2
%
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Note
~± 12%
Rev. 0.3 | 6
AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Chip Rate
(Meter)
T2
fchip
—
32,768
—
kcps
Acceptable
chip rate tolerance (meter)
T2
Dfchip2
—
0
±2
%
Note
—
Note:
1. At a frame size of 20 bytes.
2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 4.1.1.
3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in
ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2.
4. Additional requirement for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be \>40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN
300 220-1, V2.4.1: 2012, 8.3.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2.3 Radio Link Requirements for Mode R2
Table 2.5. Transmitter Requirements for Mode R2
Characteristic
Mode
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Center Frequency (Other)
—
868.33
—
MHz
Center Frequency (Meter)
—
868.030 + n x
0.06
—
MHz
Frequency Tolerance (Meter/
Other)
—
0
±17
FSK Deviation
±4.8
±6
±7.2
—
4.8
—
—
±1.5
%
Digital Bit Jitter1
—
—
±15
us
Data rate
(Manchester)2
—
fchip × 1/2
—
bps
96
—
—
chips
2
—
8
chips
Chip Rate
(Wakeup and
Communications)
Sym
fchip
Chip rate Tolerance
Note
~ 20 x 10 – 6
(ppm)
kHz
kcps
(Wakeup and
Communications
Preamble
Length Including Bit / Byte
Sync
PL
Postamble
(Trailer)
Length3
Response Delay4 (Other to
Meter Communication)
tRO
3
—
50
ms
Response Delay4 (Meter to
Other Communication)
tRM
10
—
10000
ms
FAC Transmission Delay5, 6
R2
tTxD
N×1000 – 1
N×1000
N × 1000 + 1
ms
FAC Time Out7
R2
tTO
25
—
30
s
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N=12,13,14, or
15
Rev. 0.3 | 8
AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Mode
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
Note:
1. The bit jitter shall be measured at the output of the micro-controller or encoder circuit.
2. Each bit shall be coded as two chips (Manchester encoding).
3. The postamble (trailer) shall consist of n = 1 to 4 “ones”, i.e., the chip sequence is n x (01).
4. Response delay: after transmitting a frame, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in a time shorter than the
minimum response delay and shall receive at least for the duration of the maximum response delay.
5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another
device referring to its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next
repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference
time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission.
6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle.
7. FAC Time out is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the other device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle).
Table 2.6. Receiver Requirements for Mode R2
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Sensitivity
(BER < 10Ù–2)
or (PER <
0,8)1
HR
Po
–105
–110
—
dBm
Blocking performance2
LR
—
3
—
Category
Blocking performance 2,3
MR
—
2
—
Category
Blocking performance 2,3,4
HR
—
2
—
Category
Acceptable
Chip rate variation during
header and
frame
Dfchip
—
—
±0.2
%
Acceptable
chip rate range
fchip
4.7
4.8
4.9
kcps
Note
~ ±2%
Note:
1. At a frame size of 20 bytes.
2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 4.1.1.
3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in
ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2.
4. Additional requirement for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be \>40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN
300 220-1, V2.4.1: 2012, 8.3.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2.4 Radio Link Requirements for Mode C
Table 2.7. Transmitter Requirements for Mode C
Characteristic
Mode
Center Frequency
C1,C2
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
868.928
868.95
868.972
MHz
~ 25 x 10-6
(ppm)
(Meter to Other)
Centre Frequency (Other
to Meter)
C2
FSK Deviation
(Meter to Other)
C1,C2
±43
±45
±47
kHz
GFSK Deviation (Other to
Meter)
C2
±23
±25
±27
kHz
GFSK Relative
Bandwidth
C2
BT
—
0.5
—
C1,C2
fchip
—
100
—
kcps
C2
fchip
—
50
—
kcps
Chip Rate Tolerance
C1,C2
Dfchip
—
—
100
ppm
Data Rate1
C1,C2
—
fchip
—
bps
Preamble
Length
C1,C2
PL
—
32
—
chips
Synchronization Length
C1,C2
SL
—
32
—
chips
Fast Response
Delay2, 3, 4
C2
tRO
90
—
91
ms
Slow Response Delay
C2
tRO_slow
1000
—
1001
ms
C2
tRM
90
—
91
ms
Chip Rate
869.503
869.525
869.547
MHz
~ 25 x 10-6
(ppm)
(Meter to Other)
Chip Rate
(Other to Meter)
2, 3, 4
(Other to Meter
Communication)
Fast Response
Delay (Default)2, 3
(Meter to Other
Communication)
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Mode
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Slow Response Delay2,
C2
tRM_slow
1000
—
1001
ms
FAC Transmission Delay 5, 6
C2
tTxD
N×1000 – 0,5
N×1000
N×1000 + 0,5
ms
FAC Time Out7
C2
tTO
25
—
30
s
Note
3
(Meter to Other
Communication)
N=2,3,4 or 5
Note:
1. All bits are NRZ coded.
2. Response delay: after transmitting a frame including the postamble, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in
a time shorter than the minimum response delay. After transmitting a frame, the receiver shall listen for a possible response for at
least a maximum response delay.
3. The use of slow or fast response delay is specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the extended link layer. If an extended
link layer is not included in the frame, the default response delay shall be used.
4. If the frame is repeated, the other end shall instead use a shorter response delay (tRR or tRR_slow) being 75 ms shorter than the
corresponding tRO or tRO_slow. This enables bidirectional communication to be repeated without loss of communication speed.
The frame from meter to other shall be repeated with a delay of less than 5 ms (tDR).
5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another
device referring to its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next
repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference
time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission.
6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle.
7. FAC Time out is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the other device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment when the repetition of the last response of the meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle).
Table 2.8. Receiver Requirements for Mode C
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Sensitivity
(BER < 10–2)
or (PER < 0. 8)
(Other Device)
HR
Po
–100
–105
—
dBm
Sensitivity
(BER < 10–2)
or (PER < 0. 8)
(Meter)1
HR
Po
—
–95
—
dBm
Blocking Performances 2, 3,
HR
—
2
—
Category
Note
4
Note:
1. At a frame size of 20 bytes.
2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 4.1.1.
3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in
ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2.
4. Additional requirement for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be \>40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN
300 220-1, V2.4.1: 2012, 8.3.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2.5 Radio Link Requirements for Mode N
Table 2.9. Link Parameters for Mode N
Mode
Channel 1 , 2
Center Frequency (MHz)
Channel Spacing (kHz)
GFSK (kbps)
4GMSK (kbps)
N1a, N2a3
1a
169,406,250
12,5
4,8
1,5
N1b, N2b3
1b
169,418,750
12,5
4,8
1,5
N1c, N2c
2a
169,431,250
12,5
2,4
2,0
N1d, N2d
2b
169,443,750
12,5
2,4
2,0
N1a, N2a3
3a
169,456,250
12,5
4,8
1,5
N1b, N2b3
3b
169,468,750
12,5
4,8
1,5
N2g
04
169,437,500
50
a
1
169,412,500
25
a
2
169,437,500
25
a
3
169,462,500
25
19,2
Frequency Tolerance (± kHz)
2,5
Note:
1. These channels are optional and reserved for future use or national specific use.
2. Channel designation according to EU commission decision 2005/928/EC.
3. 2.4 kHz deviation is used for the measurement according to the prEN 13757-4:2013 draft version of the standard.
4. This channel may be used for multi-hop transmission of meter data as specified in EN 13757-5. The duty cycle for transmission
from the meter shall be limited to 0.02% in this channel.
Table 2.10. Mode N, Modulation and Timing
Characteristic
Data Rate
GFSK Modulation (modulation index 2.0)
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
2,4 kbps
± 1.68
± 2.4
± 3.12
kHz
70-130 % of
nominal deviation1
GFSK Modulation (modulation index 1.0)
4.8 kbps
± 1.68
± 2.4
± 3.12
kHz
70-130 % of
nominal deviation1
4GFSK Modulation (modulation index 0.5)
19.2 kbps
4GFSK peak
modulation
19.2 kbps
GFSK/4GFSK
relative bandwidth
All
Bit/symbol rate
tolerance
All
Preamble
length
All
–7.2, –2.4,
+2.4, +7.2
± 5.04
BT
PL
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kHz
± 9.36
kHz
± 100
ppm
16
bits or symbols
70-130 % of
nominal deviation1
0.5
16
Rev. 0.3 | 12
AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Data Rate
Sym
Min
Synchronisation length
All
SL
16
Postamble
(trailer) length
All
Fast response
delay2 (Other
Device to Meter)
All
tRO
99.5
Slow response
delay2 (Other
Device to Meter)
2.4 kbps 4.8
kbps 19.2 kbps
tRO_slow
2 099,5 1
099,5 1 099,5
FAC transmission delay (N2a
to N2f)3, 4
2.4 kbps 4.8
kbps
tTxD
N×1 000 –0.5
FAC transmission delay (N2g
only)3, 4
19.2 kbps
tTxD
N×1 000 –0.5
FAC time out 5
All
tTO
25
Typ
Max
Unit
16
bits or symbols
0
100
Note
bits or symbols
100.5
ms
2 100,5 1
100,5 1 100,5
ms
N×1 000
N×1 000+0.5
ms
N=5,7 or 13
N×1 000
N×1 000+0.5
ms
N= 2,3 or 5
30
s
Note:
1. Measured in centre of outer symbol (frequency vs. time eye opening) transmitting PN9 sequence, min./max. based on rms error
value.
2. The transmitter shall start transmitting the preamble within this time delay after last bit of received frame. The use of slow or fast
response delay is specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the Extended Link Layer – refer to 12.2.2.3. For timing diagrams see Annex E. If an Extended Link Layer is not included in the frame, the default response delay shall be used.
3. FAC Transmission delay: describes the duration which a Meter shall delay the first response to a received message from an Other Device referred to its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the Meter and the next
repeated response of the Meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference
time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the Meter transmission.
4. The selected timeslot N shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle.
5. FAC Time out: is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the Other Device during the Frequent
Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the Meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent
Access Cycle).
Table 2.11. Mode N, Receiver
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Sensitivity
(BER <10-2) or
(PER <0.8)1
(Other Device /Meter)
GFSK
HR
PO
–115
Sensitivity
(BER <10-2) or
(PER <0.8)
1(Other Device /Meter)
GFSK
HR
PO
–112
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Max
Unit
Note
–123
dBm
2.4 kbps
–120
dBm
4.8 kbps
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
Sensitivity
(BER <10-2) or
(PER <0.8)1
(Other Device /Meter)
4GFSK
HR
PO
–104
–107
dBm
19.2 kbps
Blocking Performance2
LR
3
Category
Blocking Performance2, 3
MR
2
Category
Blocking Performance2, 3, 4
HR
2
Category
Note:
1. At a frame size of 20 bytes.
2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012; 4.1.1.
3. Additional requirements for Class MR and Class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified
in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2:2011, 9.2.
4. Additional requirement for Class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be > 40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN
300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 8.3.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Standard
2.6 Radio Link Requirements for Mode F
Table 2.12. Mode F, Transmitter Parameters
Characteristic
Sym
Mode
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
All
433,813
433,82
433,827
MHz
16 ppm
FSK Deviationa
F2, F2-m
±4.8
±5.5
±7.0
kHz
Data rate
F2, F2-m
Centre frequency
Data rate tolerance
2,4
kcps
All
±100
ppm
Response delay (Meter to
Other Device)b
tRM
F2-m
3
50
4 000
ms
Fast response
delay (Other
Device to Meter)c d
tRO
F2
99.5
100
100.5
ms
Slow response
delay (Other
Device to Meter)c d
tRO_slow
F2
999.5
1 000
1 000.5
ms
FAC transmission delaye f
tTxD
F2
Nx1 000
Nx1 000
Nx1 000
ms
FAC time outg
tTO
F2
–0.5
+0.5
25
30
N=5,7 or 13
s
Note:
a 75–125% of nominal deviation measured in centre of chip (frequency vs. time eye opening) transmitting a 9 bit pseudo-random
(PN9) sequence, min/max based on the root-mean-square (rms) error value selected.
b
The time a Meter shall delay the response to a required message from an Other Device.
c After
receiving a frame the responding unit shall start the transmission of preamble after the specified response delay. The response
delay is measured from the reception time of the last bit of the frame. For timing diagrams see Annex E.
d
The use of slow or fast response delay is specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the Extended Link Layer—refer to
12.2.2.3. For timing diagrams see Annex E. If an Extended Link Layer is not included in the frame, the default response delay shall be
used.
e FAC
Transmission delay: This delay shall be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the
meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of
preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. For timing diagrams see Annex E.
f The
selected timeslot N shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle.
g
FAC time out: This is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the Other Device during the Frequent
Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the Meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access
Cycle).
If the frame is repeated (specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the Extended Link Layer—refer to 12.2.2) the Other Device
shall instead use a shorter response delay (tRR or tRR_slow) being 85 ms shorter than the corresponding tRO or tRO_slow. This enables
bi-directional communication to be repeated without loss of communication speed. The frame from Meter to Other Device shall be
repeated with a delay less than 5 ms (tDRF). For timing diagrams see Annex E.
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Wireless MBUS Standard
Table 2.13. Mode F, Receiver
Characteristic
Class
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
Sensitivity
(BER <10-2) or
(PER < 0,8)
HR
PO
–115
–117
dBm
2.4 kbps
Blocking performance
LR
3
Category
Blocking performance
MR
2
Category
Blocking performance
HR
2
Category
Note:
1. At a frame size of 20 bytes.
2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012; 4.1.1.
3. Additional requirements for Class MR and Class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified
in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2:2011, 9.2.
4. Additional requirement for Class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be > 40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN
300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 8.3.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Measurement Setup
3. Measurement Setup
The measurement setup contains a single signal generator capable of playing back predefined modulation patterns and various RF pico
boards for the different frequency bands to be tested.
169 MHz
4362CPRXB169
434 MHz
4362CPRXB169
868 MHz
4362CPRXB868
All the receiver tests have been performed utilizing the on-chip packet handler. Wireless Development Suite (WDS) can be used to
configure the radio for the given WMBUS modes. WDS configuration files are provided to help configure the radio for various WMBUS
modes. These modes can be open in the Radio Configuration Application. Refer to AN796: Wireless Development Suite General Description and AN632: WDS User's Guide for EZRadioPRO Devices for more details regarding WDS.
Upon sync word detection, the packet handler places a predefined number of bytes into the FIFO. It also does a CRC calculation on the
payload data and compares it to the received CRC bytes located at the end of the packet. If the CRC check is successful, the chip
asserts its packet_received status bit; otherwise, it will assert the CRC_error status bit. During the measurement, a packet reception is
deemed successful if the packet_received status bit is set and is deemed unsuccessful if either the CRC_error status bit is set (corrupted packet) or neither of the above two status bits are set (missed packet).
The test procedure for one packet is as follows:
1. Start receiver (only once at the beginning of the test).
2. Wait one packet length’s worth of time.
3. Fire packet on the generator.
4. Wait one packet length’s worth of time.
5. Check reception. Then go back to step #2.
Packet-related parameters:
• The preamble and sync word length are set according to the requirements of the actual MBUS mode.
• Payload length: 20 bytes
• Payload bytes: 0x0F, 0x44, 0xAE, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0x01, 0x07, 0x44, 0x47, 0x78, 0x0B, 0x13, 0x43, 0x65, 0x87,
0x1E, 0x6D
• CRC length: 2 bytes
• CRC polynomial: CRC-16 (IBM): X16+X15+X2+1
Note:
1. Whenever coding is required on the data, the length of the payload is adjusted accordingly.
2. In the case of Manchester coding, the payload is twice as long (40 bytes) in the air.
3. In the case of 3-out-of-6 coding, the payload is 1.5 times as long in the air (30 bytes).
4. The CRC used at the tests does not match the CRC specified in the standard. The CRC check is merely there to help qualify the
packet reception.
For each mode a PER curve, sensitivity vs. frequency offset, deviation offset and DR offset curves (where applicable) are presented in
the next sections. On the sensitivity curves the minimum sensitivity limit (taken from the standard) is drawn as a horizontal red line and
the offset limits are drawn as vertical red lines. The traces should always travel below the horizontal lines in the region bordered by the
vertical lines. Deriving the DR and deviation offset limits are straightforward from the Tx side specifications in the standard. The frequency offset limits, however, deserve a few words here.
In the standard only the Tx side frequency accuracy is specified; we simply need an RX solution that can receive Tx signals with the
extreme frequency offsets. The receiver, however on its own has its own frequency inaccuracy that must also be taken into account.
Throughout the tests conducted for this application note, however, the receiver was calibrated to have close to 0 ppm frequency accuracy with regards to the signal generator. So in the test setup we do not have the aforementioned inaccuracy at the Rx side. The resolution to this issue is that we "place" the Rx inaccuracy to the Tx side and draw the offset limit lines at twice the specification on the Tx.
This logic assumes that the Rx has the same inaccuracy as the Tx. This assumption became a design goal when the receive configurations were put together.
As an example N2a mode requires a ± 1.5 kHz frequency accuracy on the nodes. On the sensitivity vs. frequency offset graph this
number is translated to ± 3kHz as the receiver has no frequency error at all in the tests. This also practically means that in an application that the same reference source (XO/TCXO) can be used in the Rx node as specified in the Tx node. In our example it means a ±
1500 [Hz] /169 [MHz] = ± 8.87 ppm reference source accuracy at either side of the link.
This logic is adhered throughout the document at the sensitivity vs. frequency offset graphs unless otherwise stated.
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4. Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.1 S Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 868.3 MHz
• Chip rate: 32.768 kcps, 2 FSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±50 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 264.5 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n = 15 or 279 – depending on the preamble length definition) x (01) + sync word “000111011010010110”
+ 20 byte payload + CRC
4.1.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.1. S-Mode Receiver Sensitivity
Short preamble mode (S2, S1-M modes):
• 0% PER at strong RF i/p.
• The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –105 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –106 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is -108 dBm.
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.1.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.2 S-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 19 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
Figure 4.2. S-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
The limits are placed at ± 85 ppm offset on the graph. Worst case transmitters (S1, S1m) will have a ± 60 ppm accuracy, worst case
receive modes (S2) will have a worst case ± 25 ppm accuracy. Therefore, the sum of the two numbers has been used to determine the
limits.
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.1.3 Receive Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.3 S-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 20 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The
plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the percentage of data rate error.
Figure 4.3. S-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.1.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.4 S-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 21 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The
plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER, versus the deviation error in kHz.
Figure 4.4. S-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.1.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.5 S-Mode Blocking on page 22 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at
1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.5. S-Mode Blocking
4.1.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –108 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS S mode. This is 8 dBm better than the W-MBUS S mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
4.2 T Mode
Note: Only the “Meter to Other Device Modulation format results are presented in this section as the “Other Device to Meter” modulation format is identical to mode S (Section 5.1)
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 868.95 MHz
• Chip rate: 100 kcps, 2 FSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±50 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 257 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble(n = 19) x (01) + sync word “0000111101” + 20 byte payload + CRC
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.2.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.6. T-Mode Receiver Sensitivity
•
•
•
•
0% PER at High RF i/p
The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –100 dBm
The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –102 dBm
The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –104.5 dBm
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.2.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.7 T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 24 and Figure 4.8 T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on
page 25 show the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The figures show the sensitivity of the receiver measured at
80% PER versus frequency offset. Sensitivity vs. frequency offset curves are presented at various Tx signal DR values (nominal, minimum, maximum) parameterized with various Tx signal deviation values (nominal, minimum, maximum).
Figure 4.7. T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
The limits are placed at ± 85 ppm offset on the graph. Worst case transmitters (T1) will have a ± 60 ppm accuracy; worst case receive
modes (T2) will have a worst case ± 25 ppm accuracy. Therefore, the sum of the two numbers has been used to determine the limits.
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
Figure 4.8. T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.2.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.9 T-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 26 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The
plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the data rate error in kHz.
Figure 4.9. T-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.2.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.10 T-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 27 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The
plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz.
Figure 4.10. T-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.2.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.11 T-Mode Receiver Selectivities on page 28shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plots show receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was
measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.11. T-Mode Receiver Selectivities
4.2.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –104.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS T mode. This is 4.5 dBm better than the W-MBUS T mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners (frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error) required by the W-MBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
4.3 R2 Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 868.03 MHz
• Chip rate: 4.8 kcps, 2 FSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±6 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 60 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n = 39) x (01) + sync word “000111011010010110” + 20 byte payload + CRC
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.3.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.12. R-Mode Receiver Sensitivity
•
•
•
•
0% PER at strong RF i/p.
The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –113 dBm
The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –115 dBm
The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –117 dBm
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.3.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.13 R-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 30 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
Figure 4.13. R-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Mode R2 is the only mode that is channelized and has a 60 kHz channel spacing specification. Now, let us have a look at a worst case
Tx scenario with the largest deviation and maximum frequency offset.
ModBW_max = 2 x deviation_max + DR = 2*7.2 kHz + 6 kbps = 19.4 kHz
single_sided_frequency_offset_max = 20 [ppm] * 868 [MHz] = 17.36 kHz
In such a worst case scenario the Tx signal can span between ± 27.06 kHz (with the ± worst case frequency offset) with regards to the
center frequency. That only leaves a "slack" of ± 2.94 kHz on the receiver to still comply with the 60 kHz channel spacing. This translates to a ± 3.4 ppm reference accuracy at the Rx side. With the current wording of the standard this is the only way to comply with the
60 kHz channel spacing specification.
The limit lines are set to ± 23.4 ppm (± 20 kHz).
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.3.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.14 R-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 31 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the percentage of data rate error.
Figure 4.14. R-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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4.3.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.15 R Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 32 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz.
Figure 4.15. R Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.3.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.16 R2 Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 33 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the
receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was
measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.16. R2 Mode Receiver Selectivity
4.3.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –117 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS R2 mode. This is 12 dBm better than the W-MBUS R2 mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
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AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver
Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.4 C Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Direction from meter:
• Center frequency: 868.95 MHz
• Chip rate: 100 kcps, 2 FSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±45 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 214.04 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n = 16) x (01) + sync word “0101010000111101 0101010011001101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC
• Direction to meter:
• Center frequency: 869.525 MHz
• Chip rate: 50 kcps, 2 GFSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±25 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 143.24 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n = 16) x (01) + sync word “0101010000111101 0101010011001101” + 20 byte payload + CRC
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.4.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.17. C-Mode Receiver Sensitivity
• Direction: Meter to other (C1, C2):
• 0% PER at strong RF i/p.
• The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –104 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –106 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –109 dBm.
• Direction: Other to meter (C2):
• 0% PER at strong RF i/p.
• The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –107 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –108 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –111 dBm.
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.4.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.18 C Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance from Meter / to Meter on page 36 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plots show the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
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Figure 4.18. C Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance from Meter / to Meter
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4.4.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.19 C Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 38 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the data rate error in ppm.
Figure 4.19. C Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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4.4.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.20 C Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance (from Meter / to Meter) on page 39 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plots show the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz.
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Figure 4.20. C Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance (from Meter / to Meter)
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4.4.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.21 C Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 41 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plots show the
receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was
measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
Figure 4.21. C Mode Receiver Selectivity
4.4.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –109 dBm or –111 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS C mode (depending on the direction). These are 8 dB and 11 dB better
than the W-MBUS C mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
4.5 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 169.40625 MHz
• Chip rate: 4.8 kbps, 2 GFSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±2.4 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 10.33 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble(n = 8) x (01) + sync word “11110110 10001101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC
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Wireless MBUS Measurement Results
4.5.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.22. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Sensitivity
•
•
•
•
<1% PER at High RF i/p.
The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –117 dBm.
The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –118 dBm.
The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –120.5 dBm.
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4.5.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.23 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 44 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the
receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
Figure 4.23. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
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4.5.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.24 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 45 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the
receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus percentage of data rate error.
Figure 4.24. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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4.5.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.25 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 46 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the
receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz.
Figure 4.25. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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4.5.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.26 N(1,2)a/b Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 47 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot
shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.26. N(1,2)a/b Mode Receiver Selectivity
4.5.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –120.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS N(1,2)a/b/e/f mode. This is 8.5 dB better than the W-MBUS N(1,2)a/b/e/f mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS N(1,2)a/b/e/f standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
4.6 N(1,2)c/d Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 169.43125 MHz
• Chip rate: 2.4 kbps, 2 GFSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±2.4 kHz
• Receiver Filter BW: 11.58 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n = 8) x (01) + sync word “11110110 10001101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC
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4.6.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.27. Nc/d Mode Receiver Sensitivity
•
•
•
•
<1% PER at High RF i/p.
The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –116 dBm.
The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –118 dBm.
The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –120.5 dBm.
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4.6.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.28 Nc/d Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 49 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
Figure 4.28. Nc/d Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
The limits are placed at ± 21 ppm offset on the graph.Worst case transmitters will have a ±11.5 ppm accuracy. In such a narrowband
worst case receive modes can have a worst case ±9.5 ppm accuracy. Therefore, the sum of the two numbers has been used to determine the limits.
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4.6.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.29 Nc/d Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 50 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the percentage of data rate error.
Figure 4.29. Nc/d Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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4.6.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.30 Nc/d Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 51 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in Hz.
Figure 4.30. Nc/d Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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4.6.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.31 Nc/d Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 52 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows
the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was
measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.31. Nc/d Mode Receiver Selectivity
4.6.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –120.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS Nc/d modes, which is 5.5 dB better than the W-MBUS Nc/d mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
4.7 N2g Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 169.4375 MHz
• Chip rate: 9.6 kcps, 4 GFSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ± 2.4 kHz
• Receiver filter BW: 26 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n=8) x (AD) + sync word “DDDDADDA DAAADDAD” + 20 bytes payload + CRC
Data transmitted using 4GFSK modulation shall be NRZ encoded, with the lowest frequency corresponding to binary “01” (symbol A),
the second frequency corresponding to binary “00” (B), the third frequency corresponding to binary “10” (C) and the highest frequency
corresponding to binary “11” (D).
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4.7.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.32. N2g Mode Receiver Sensitivity
• The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –108 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –110 dBm.
• The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –113 dBm
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4.7.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.33 N2g Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 54 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
Figure 4.33. N2g Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
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4.7.3 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.34 N2g Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 55 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in Hz.
Figure 4.34. N2g Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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4.7.4 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.35 N2g Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 56 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the
receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was
measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.35. N2g Mode Receiver Selectivity
4.7.5 Conclusion
• Si446x has –113 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS N2g modes, which is 9 dB better than the W-MBUS N2g mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the WMBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class.
4.8 F Mode
The following link parameters were used for the measurement:
• Center frequency: 433.82 MHz
• Chip rate: 2.4 kcps, 2 FSK modulation
• Frequency deviation: ±5.5 kHz
• Receiver Filter BW: 46.3 kHz
• Packet Format: preamble (n = 39) x (01) + sync word “000111010110100101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC
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4.8.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Figure 4.36. F Mode Receiver Sensitivity
•
•
•
•
0% PER at High RF i/p with 32 bit preamble
The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –114 dBm.
The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –117 dBm.
The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –118.5 dBm.
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4.8.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
Figure 4.37 F Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 58 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset.
Figure 4.37. F Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance
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4.8.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
Figure 4.38 F Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 59 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver.
The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the data rate error in ppm.
Figure 4.38. F Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance
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4.8.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
Figure 4.39 F Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 60 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The
plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz.
Figure 4.39. F Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance
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4.8.5 Receiver Blocking Performance
Figure 4.40 F Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 61 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the
receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was
measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets.
Figure 4.40. F Mode Receiver Selectivity
4.8.6 Conclusion
• Si446x has –118.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS F mode. This is 2.5 dB better than the W-MBUS F mode requirements.
• Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard.
• MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller.
• Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements.
• Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. Complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance
class.
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Document Change List
5. Document Change List
5.1 Revision 0.1 to Revision 0.2
• Add clarification regarding the HW platform and tools for configuring the radio.
5.2 Revision 0.2 to Revision 0.3
• All the data was updated for Rev C based on the EN13757-4-2013 w-MBUS standard.
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