TM October 2013 • Freescale Sensors Overview • Freescale Sensor Portfolio • Sensor Fusion • Enablement Tools • Back Up: Deep Dive • [email protected]; 480-413-5857 TM 2 • Proliferation of connected intelligence • Safe intelligent automation • Energy efficiency • Contextual awareness and intuitive human interface TM 3 The Person Position Motion, Velocity, Trajectory Impact, Power • • • • The Machine Motion, reaction Posture, gait, cadence Biometrics Emotion The Environment Location, Altitude Temperature, Humidity Light and Sound Knowledge about the body’s movement and bio-status Our interaction with tools, devices/machines and objects Enable machines to work autonomously. Knowledge about, and interaction with the surrounding environment TM 4 Today + … Vibration monitoring moving from advanced predictive maintenance to eventually active compensation Appliances • • • • Washing machines Dishwasher Coffee Maker / Beverage Dispenser Rice Cookers Security • Intrusion Detection • Perimeter Access Control General Industrial • • • • • • Asset Tracking • Quality of shipments Fluid Level Pressure Switch Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Pump controls Industrial controls Smart meters Smart Cities • Parking • Structural Health • Earthquake detection Smart Farms •Animal Care/Tracking TM 5 - Today + … - Activity/Fitness Monitors Instrumentation • • • Blood Pressure – cuff Blood Pressure – invasive Respiratory – inhalers, ventilators - Wound management - Movements of patients undergoing physical rehabilitation Therapy • • • • CPAP – Sleep Apnea Pulmonary Embolism Hospital Beds Nebulizers - Feedback loops for improved performance of prosthetic devices - Elderly/patient monitoring Diagnostics • • • - Sportsman care Activity / Gate Analysis Heart rate Sleep quality TM 6 -Today + … -Mandates on tire pressure monitoring and vehicle dynamics continue to drive sensor growth beyond semiconductor market Inertial & Pressure Side Crash Satellite Radar (77 GHz) Vehicle Stability (Inertial) Engine Control (Pressure) Suspension Control (Inertial) -Navigation - GPS Assist -High Pressure applications expanding -Magnetics for Motor Control Tire Pressure Monitoring System Airbag ECU (Inertial) Electric Parking Brake (Inertial) TM 7 Navigation Location-based Services New User Interface Gaming Healthcare/Monitoring Automotive TM 8 SafeAssureTM Energy-Efficient Product Longevity Functional Safety Program Solutions Program Program Functional Safety Simplified The Freescale SafeAssure functional safety program is designed to help simplify the process of achieving system compliance with functional safety standards in the automotive and industrial markets TM Energy Efficient by Design The Energy-Efficient Solutions mark highlights selected products that excel in effective implementation of energy-efficient technologies 9 Supply Assurance For the automotive and medical segments, a broad range of products are made available for a minimum period of 15 years and 10 years for other market segments. TM eCompass Magnetometers Accelerometers Touch Sensors Gyro Altimeter / Pressure TM 11 TM 12 • Freescale's acceleration sensors detect changes in force resulting from tilt, motion, positioning, shock, and vibration. • Capable of single, dual, or triple axis sensing capability with range from 1.5g to 250g • An accelerometer measures linear acceleration plus gravity − An accelerometer by itself is a “3 axis” system − When any axis is vertical, we cannot detect rotation about that axis +Z +X Accelerometer +Y TM 13 When horizontal, and at rest: X=0 Y=0 Z = 1g TM When horizontal, and accelerating at 1g in the direction of the arrow: X = 1g Y=0 Z = 1g 14 Sample Prod SRP$ Applications MMA8451/52/53 3-axis ±2, ±4, ±8 g 10/12/14-bit Digital I2C • Embedded function and interrupt : (FIFO, High pass filter, P/L,…) • Ultra low noise (99 µg/√Hz), low TCO (0.15mg/°C) • High performance Consumer & Industrial • Down to 0.25mg/LSB sensitivity • 1.95...3.6 Volt, 3 x 3 x 1 mm QFN Web ok 0.86 0.68 FXLS8471 3-axis ±2, ±4, ±8 g 14-bit Digital SPI Now Nov-13 TBD Web Now 0.53 Now Now 0.77 • Embedded functions and interrupts ( all + Vector magnitude) • High performance industrial grade • 1.95...3.6 Volt, 3 x 3 x 1 mm QFN MMA8652/53 3-axis ±2, ±4, ±8 g 10/12-bit Digital I2C • • • • Embedded functions and interrupts (8652 same than MMA8451) Software compatible with the MMA845x family Low cost 1.95...3.6 Volt, 2 x 2 mm DFN MMA8491 3-axis Tilt Sensor 14-bit Digital I2C + 3 Logic Out • • • • Tilt Measurement Pedometer Power Management eCompass Asset Tracking Activity Monitor DECT Phones Sports Watch Fleet Management Remote Controls Appliance Ultra low power down to 400 nA/hz, 3 logic outputs to flag tilt on the 3 axis I²C interface to read raw acceleration data 1.95...3.6 Volt, 3 x 3 x 1 mm DFN Drivers Available on request TM 15 Ball-in-a-Box Tamper Sensor Alarm/Security Freefall Detect Remote Control Low Power Wake-up FXLN8361 3-axis FXLN8362 3-axis FXLN8371 3-axis FXLN8372 3-axis • • • • • Sample Prod Now Nov-13 ±2/±8 g Analog Out, low bandwidth ±8/±16 g Analog Out, low bandwidth ±2/±8 g Analog Out, high bandwidth ±8/±16 g Analog Out, high bandwidth Now Nov-13 1.03 Now Nov-13 1.03 Now Nov-13 1.03 Now Now 4.77 High Bandwidth: up to 4.9 kHz on XY and 2.1 kHz on Z axis Low Bandwidth : up to 1.7 kHz on XYZ axis Low power 200 µA in running mode, low voltage High performance industrial grade 1.7...3.6 Volt, 3 x 3 x 1mm, 0.65mm pitch 12 pins QFN MMA6900Q 2-axis XY, ±3.5g, 11 bits, SPI, AECQ100 MMA6901Q 2-axis XY, ±5g, • • • • SRP$ 1.03 11 bits, SPI, AECQ100 AECQ100 qualified, -40°C;+105°C Low pass filters for noisy environment Low TCO over the wide temperature window. QFN 6x6mm, 16 pins QFN Drivers Available on request TM 16 Applications -Vibration Monitoring -High Precision -Industrial Control -Sport Applications -Preventive Maintenance -Vehicle stability control -Electronic parking brake -Car alarm - Trailer tilt control -Absolute tilt measurement - Noisy environment Host ColdFire V1 32-Bit Processor Firmware Version: xx All Sensor Device IDs ROM version Hardware version Date code for build Build number Connectivity: I2C/SPI Power Management An Intelligent Sensor Hub manages: • How to talk to each sensor • How to configure each sensor • How often to talk to each sensor • When to listen to each sensor • What data is pertinent to the application • and much more…. Accelerometer Gyro (FXAS21000) Resolution: 10-, 12-, 14-, and 16-bit Turn on Time: Sample Rate Device ID: 0xXX Interrupts to set: Resolution: 16 bits Turn on Time: xx Sample Rate: xx Interrupts to set: xx TM Pressure (MPL3115) Device ID: 0xXX Resolution: 16 bits Turn on Time: xx Sample Rate: xx Interrupts to set: xx 17 Touch (MPR121) Device ID: 0xXX Resolution: 16 bits Turn on Time: xx Sample Rate: xx Interrupts to set: xx Magnetic (MAG3110) Device ID: 0xXX Resolution: 16 bits Turn on Time: xx Sample Rate: xx Interrupts to set: xx Driver Mag Driver The upcoming challenges from the increasing number of sensors: Applications Processor • Each sensor requests its own set of interface (I2C, SPI, level shifter…), driver and software (offset compensation, specific setting…) Driver Pressure Accel • Increasing data flow to be processed by the Apps processor Sensor hub architecture MEMS accelerometer Processing Software • Power budget management and optimization • Higher software complexity to manage and adapt to each sensor Applications Processor Sensor Hub Touch TM 18 Magnetic Pressure Demo Sample Prod SRP$ MMA955xL 32-Bit 16K Flash CPU and 3-axis Accelerometer FXLC95000CL 32-Bit 128K Flash CPU and 3-axis Accelerometer • Embedded ±2, ±4, ±8 g 3-axis 16-Bit accelerometer module • 32-Bit CF V1 CPU with MAC multiply and accumulate block • 16K or 128K on-chip Flash, 2K or 16K on-chip SRAM • SPI, I²C (master and slave), GPIO, ADC, PWM • 1.8V , 3 x 3 x 1 mm QFN, or 3 x 5 x 1 mm QFN • Pre-flashed Freescale firmware (3 Versions) or MQX • CodeWarrior CW10.x supported Part Number MMA9559L MMA9550L MMA9551L MMA9553L FXLC95000 Firmware Basic Infrastructure Infrastructure and Gesture High end pedometer MQX enabled User Memory Size 14K Flash 1.5K SRAM 6.5K Flash 0.5K SRAM 4.5K Flash 0.5K SRAM 1.5K Flash 0.2K SRAM 128K Flash 16K SRAM Now Now Now Now Now Applications Tilt Measurement Vibration Monitor Pedometer Home Health Power Management eCompass Asset Tracking Collision Recorder Now starting Now at Now 1.79 Now 3-Axis MEMS Sep-13 Accelerometer ROM Flash RAM ADC GPIO TM 19 ColdFire 32-Bit V1 Core SPI I2C 3-axis accelerometer plus Coldfire MCU that enables scalable, autonomous, high precision multisensor hub solutions with local compute and sensors management in an open architecture Differentiating Points − System in Package: 32-bit MCU and 3-axis accelerometer − Open MCU architecture enables differentiated creativity − First open programming model with library support − Compute and actuate locally − − Sensor hub manages multiple sensors: FSL & others − Pass through data as needed i.e. heading Best in class accelerometer noise & resolution performance Typical Applications Product Features − 16 bit accelerometer resolution − 128K Flash, 16K RAM − 4MHz SPI capability − Autonomous master/slave functionality − 1.72 to 3.6V I/O supply voltage − +/-2g, 4g, 8g configurable dynamic ranges available TM 20 − Sports Monitoring − Motion enabled accessories − Tracking Devices − Controllers: Remotes, Games • Magnetometer: An instrument for measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field • A 3-axis magnetometer gives you the X/Y/Z components of the magnetic field TM 21 • MEMS gyroscopes are used for measuring angular rate Earth rotation: 0.004o/s +Z ωz +X ωx +Y TM 22 ωy Input angular rate () Coriolis Force A fictional force on a moving object when observed on a rotating frame. The Coriolis force scales with the angular velocity of the frame. Angular rate (), drive motion (Vd) and Coriolis force (Fc) are always located on there axes orthogonal to each other. Drive Fc 2 m VMotion r Coriolis Force Fc Coriolis Force Input Rotation Drive Velocity This is where the confusion might begin. We called XY gyro with the sensing direction is in Zaxis while Z gyro with sensing direction in XY direction …. Y (Vd) 2m Vd X (Fc) Z () TM 23 Coriolis force causes spiral motion in Hurricanes MAG3110G 3-axis Digital Magnetometer Sample Web Prod Now SRP$ 0.56 Now Now 1.25 Jul-13 Oct-13 2.09 Capable of measuring geomagnetic fields • Wide dynamic range +/- 1000 μT (10 Gauss) • Low power in measurement mode 8.6 μA . • ODR Output data rate up to 80 Hz • Interrupt pin trigger when new data available • Tilt compensation and Soft/Hard Iron calibration SW available • 1.95...3.6 Volt, 2 x 2 x 0.85 mm DFN FXOS8700CQ COMBO 6-axis Magnetometer and Accelerometer Applications Industrial Compass Current Sensing Presence Detection Car Detect Industrial Safety Magnetic Tamper Sports Watch Diving Watch • Capable of measuring geomagnetic fields with Tilt compensation 3 x 3 mm 2 x 2 mm 3 x 3 mm • Wider dynamic range +/- 1200 μT • ODR up to 800 Hz by sensors, or 400Hz in Hybrid mode • Embedded interrupts and pre-programmed functions • Low power 80 μA in Hybrid mode @ 25 Hz • 1.95...3.6 Volt, 3 x 3 x 1.2 mm QFN + = FXAS21000 3-axis Digital Gyroscope • • • • Full scale range +/-1600°/sec Angular speed resolution better than 0.2°/sec Current consumption in run mode : 5.5mA 1.95V-3.6V voltage supply, 4 x 4 x 1 mm QFN TM 24 Inertial Navigation Gaming Remote Control Smart Phones • Differentiating Points − − − • Product Features − − − − − • Angular acceleration resolution better than 0.2°/s Programmable interrupts Power saving features 1.95-3.6V supply voltage Output data rates (ODR) from 1Hz to 200Hz Full scale range: ±1600°/s Bias stability over temperature: ±0.3°/s Random walk(over 1minute): ±0.007°/s Typical Applications − − − − − Controllers: Remotes, Games Mobile: Phones, Tablets, eReaders Sports Monitoring Real-time orientation detection Static orientation detection TM Package 4x4x1mm QFN, 0.5mm pitch Availability Samples: NOW (On Request) Production: October 2013 25 Sensor Strengths Weaknesses Accelerometer • Inexpensive • Extremely low power • Very linear • Very low noise • Measures the sum of gravity and acceleration. We need them separate. Magnetometer • The only sensor that can orient itself with regard to “North” • Insensitive to linear acceleration • Subject to magnetic interference • Not “spatially constant” Gyro • Relatively independent of linear acceleration • Can be used to “gyro-compensate” the magnetometer • Power hog • Long startup time • Zero rate offset drifts over time Pressure Sensor • The only stand-alone sensor that can give an indication of altitude • Not well understood • A “relative” measurement • Subject to many interferences and environmental factors TM 26 P1 Differential – Measures differences between two pressure points (P1 and P2) Differential P2 P1 Gauge Special type of differential measurement. One side exposed to Atmosphere (P2 = Atmosphere Pressure) P2 = ATM P1 Absolute Only one side is accessible. Internal (P2) is referenced to vacuum or sealed air inside. Reference Constraint Waver For All: P1>P2 for positive voltage output TM 27 Altitude = K1 X (1 - (P/P0)K2) • K1 = 44330.77 meters • K2 = 0.190263 (unit-less) • P0 = 101325 Pascals TM 28 MPXHZ9 Series 15...400 kPa Digital Absolute Pressure Sensor • 1.5% max error over 0° to 85°C • 5 V power supply • Media resistant gel • AECQ100 qualified • Drop in replacment of the MPXHZ6xxx series MPXHZ9115A6T1 15...115 kPa No port MPXHZ9115AC6T1 15...115 kPa Port MPXHZ9250A6T1 15...250 kPa No port MPXHZ9250AC6T1 15...250 kPa Port MPXHZ9400A6T1 15...400 kPa No Port MPXHZ9400AC6T1 15...400 kPa Port Sample Prod Now Now Now Now Now Now Q1-14 Q2-14 Q1-14 Q2-14 Q1-14 Q2-14 Web Now SRP$ Applications Fuel Injection Comfort Seating LPG Gas Market MPY8600DK6T1 Tire pressure monitoring system 100-900kpa • S08, 8 Bit MCU , 16k Flash, 512 b Ram • RF transmitter PLL-based 315/434 MHz, ASK/FSK, Manchester MPL3115A 20...115 kPa Digital Absolute Pressure Sensor • Compensated sensor • Direct readings in Pressure, Altitude and Temperature • Typical 25 cm altimeter resolution • Embedded software providing real data • Embedded interrupts and pre-programmed functions • 3 x 5 x 1 mm LGA package TM 29 1.43 Altimeter Sport Watch Medical Monitoring Breath Analyzer Air Conditioning MPX10/12/53 10...53 kPa SOP, Unibody MPX2 Series 10...300 kPa ChipPak, Unibody DG ADGV MPX7 Series ±2...±25 kPa SOP A – Absolute D – Differential G – Gauge V – Vacuum Uncompensated High sensivity analog output Need external circuit for compensation and amplification Temperature Compensated Integrated temperature compensation Need external circuit for amplification DG MPX4 Series 6...250 kPa SOP, SSOP, Unibody ADG Integrated Pressure Sensor Integrated signal conditioning for temperature compensation, linearization and amplification MPX5 Series ADGV 4...1’000 kPa SOP, SSOP, Unibody MPX6 Series 100...400 kPa SOP, SSOP A MPL115 (Digital I2C) A 115 kPa Smart Baro/Pressure 3 x 5 mm LGA TM Package Examples SOP Basic Case SOP Side Port 30 SOP Axial Port Unibody Dual Port SSOP Basic Case Medical LGA ChipPak 3 x 5 mm Case Case Typical Sensor Power in W 100000 14500 9500 10000 Power in W 1437.5 662.5 1000 1100 234 151.2 100 100 20 10 1 12.5Hz LP 400Hz LP Acc only Acc 12.5Hz Mag 400Hz Mag Pedometer Pressure Hybrid Mag Gyro (1Hz) + Accel Standby (200Hz) Notice this is a log scale… TM 31 Gyro RUN Sensor Strengths Weaknesses Accelerometer • Inexpensive • Extremely low power • Very linear • Very low noise • Measures the sum of gravity and acceleration. We need them separate. Magnetometer • The only sensor that can orient itself with regard to “North” • Insensitive to linear acceleration • Subject to magnetic interference • Not “spatially constant” Gyro • Relatively independent of linear acceleration • Can be used to “gyro-compensate” the magnetometer • Power hog • Long startup time • Zero rate offset drifts over time Pressure Sensor • The only stand-alone sensor that can give an indication of altitude • Not well understood • A “relative” measurement • Subject to many interferences and environmental factors TM 32 TM Accelerometer + Magnetometer Fused Data Accelerometer plus magnetometer can provide device orientation and magnetic heading. A magnetometer can also be used as a “virtual” gyro in certain situations (magnetically clean and stable environment). Major weakness of this sensor pair is its sensitivity to linear acceleration, which leads to errors in both orientation and heading. Accelerometer + Gyroscopes Fused Data Accelerometer can help stabilize the drift in the gyroscope output data Rotation and linear acceleration can be separated Major weakness of this pair is the lack of an absolute heading reference Accelerometer + Gyroscope + Magnetometer Fused Data This combination of sensors can overcome the inherent limitations of each of the previous sensor pairings as their error sources (deficiencies) complement each other. Accelerometer + Gyroscope + Magnetometer + Pressure Fused Data This combination of sensors further improves on the previous pair with the addition of elevation. This is essential for use within buildings to sense the floor you are on. The pressure sensor can also be used to enable weather prediction. TM 34 Configure, Power State, Data Control Pressure Trim hi/low/band pass filtering Pressure Shake detection shake event 3-Axis Acc FoR mapping Trim hi/low/band pass filtering Acc x,y,z 3-Axis Gyro FoR mapping Trim hi/low/band pass filtering ω x,y,z 3-Axis Mag FoR mapping Trim & Hard/Soft compensation hi/low/band pass filtering B x,y,z Raw data calibration parameters Calculate hard/soft iron parameters FoR = Frame of Reference Mapping Sensor Hub Functions Rotation matrix Kalman Filter or similar function Quaternion Geometric computations Tilt-compensated mag heading Inclination (φ, Θ, Ψ) Sensor Fusion TM 35 Demo Tilt compensated eCompass with best in class hard and soft iron calibration • Available in 3 versions: 1. Hard iron only 2. Hard iron and on-diagonal soft iron scale terms 3. Full hard and soft iron calibration (1) and (2) are available in source form via click through licenses at the URL below. (3) is available under NDA • Freescale Xtrinsic e-compass sensor fusion software has been awarded Product of the Year by Electronic Products Magazine • http://www.freescale.com/eCompass TM 36 • Xtrinsic sensor fusion in tablets, slates, convertible/non-convertible laptops and other portable devices • Won the China Annual Creativity in Electronics (ACE) Sensor/Analog Signal Conditioning Product of the Year for 2013 • HID/USB Reference design includes both hardware and software components required to easily add sensor fusion capabilities to existing designs • http://www.freescale.com/windows8 TM 37 Demo TM 38 • Educational variant of tool used internally for algorithm checkout. • Experiment with various fusion techniques using the sensors already in your Android device • Available today on Google Play. Search for “Sensor Fusion”. Available Now • Differentiating Points Industry’s First open Intelligent Motion Platform Framework − Sensor hub capability − Power management features enabling low power modes − • Product Features − Provides a single unified interface for sensor data regardless of sensor types − Enables developer to concentrate on using sensor data, not getting sensor data. − Eliminates intensive sensor integration effort. − Provides power management of the platform to achieve lowest power mode of operation • Xtrinsic Intelligent Sensing Framework Embedded Application Embedded Application Pub/Sub Event-based Sensor Data Registered Callbacks - OR - Host Proxy Simplified Pwr Mgmt APIs Sensor Manager Host Processor Command Interpreter INT_OUT Typical Applications Sensor Configuration − Mobile: Phones, Tablets, eReaders − Controllers: Remotes, Game − Sports Monitoring Performance Monitoring − Augmented Reality 39 Sensor Data Updates Sensor Abstraction Interface Power Manager Internal Sensor Adapter Intelligent Sensing Framework External Sensor Sensor Adapter Bus Manager Sensor Adapter Device Messaging Protocol Driver ProtocolI2C Driver Protocol Driver External Sensor External Sensor MQX RTOS Intelligent Sensor Hardware LEGEND: TM I/O Buffers Embedded Applications ISF Components ISF Abstraction Interfaces ISF Sensor Extensions ISF Bus Protocol Extensions Other Freescale SW Hardware Customer Developed TM Xtrinsic Sensing Development Tools Sensors EVKS B- Bluetooth C- Combo D- Discrete H-HUB Part Number RD4247FXOS8700 RD4247MAG3110 KITFXLC95000EVM KITMMA9550LEVM DEMOSTBMPL3115A2 Description FXOS8700 6-Axis Development Board MAG3110 Development Board FXLC95000 Development Board MMA955xL Smart Sensing Platform MPL3115A2 Development Kit Part Number KITSTARTER2EVM LFSTBPROTO KITMPR03xEVM Description Sensor Tool box starter kit to support Acceleratometer, Presure and touch sensing MMA8451/2/3Q, MPL115A1, MPR121 Sensor Tool Box kit 2 (demo boards only) Sensor Toolbox Starter Kit 1 Sensor Toolbox Bundle for MMA865xFC Accelerometer Prototyping board MPR03xEVM Development Kit KITMPR121EVM MPR121EVM Development Kit Tower and Sensors KITSTBLITE2EVM KITSTARTER1EVM RDMMA865x TM 41 community.freescale.com/community/sensors • Forum for customers and Freescale experts to exchange technical information about Freescale solutions − In this vibrant, best-in-class environment, you can share sensor design ideas and tips, ask and answer technical questions, and receive input on just about any sensor design topic. − Technical support with fellow design engineers and Freescale experts TM 42 Sensors • www.freescale.com/sensors • www.freescale.com/sensingplatform • www.freescale.com/sensordata • www.freescale.com/mems Sensor Products • www.freescale.com/xyz • www.freescale.com/magnetic • www.freescale.com/pressure • www.freescale.com/gyro (in Q4’13) • http://www.freescale.com/sensortoolbox Blogs: Smart Sensors • http://blogs.freescale.com/2011/06/06/location-based-services-sensors-go-beyond-thenavigation/?tid=NL_2311 • http://blogs.freescale.com/author/michaelestanley/ • What in the world is contextual sensing? • Evolving intelligence with sensors • Magnetic sensor makes electronic compass design easy TM 43 TM 44