LM5069 Positive High Voltage Hot Swap / Inrush Current Controller with Power Limiting General Description The LM5069 positive hot swap controller provides intelligent control of the power supply connections during insertion and removal of circuit cards from a live system backplane or other "hot" power sources. The LM5069 provides in-rush current control to limit system voltage droop and transients. The current limit and power dissipation in the external series pass N-Channel MOSFET are programmable, ensuring operation within the Safe Operating Area (SOA). The POWER GOOD output indicates when the output voltage is within 1.25V of the input voltage. The input under-voltage and over-voltage lockout levels and hysteresis are programmable, as well as the initial insertion delay time and fault detection time. The LM5069-1 latches off after a fault detection, while the LM5069-2 automatically restarts at a fixed duty cycle. The LM5069 is available in a 10 pin MSOP package. Features n Wide operating range: +9V to +80V n In-rush current limit for safe board insertion into live power sources n Programmable maximum power dissipation in the external pass device n Adjustable current limit n Circuit breaker function for severe over-current events n Internal high side charge pump and gate driver for external N-channel MOSFET n Adjustable under-voltage lockout (UVLO) and hysteresis n Adjustable over-voltage lockout (OVLO) and hysteresis n Initial insertion timer allows ringing and transients to subside after system connection n Programmable fault timer avoids nuisance trips n Active high open drain POWER GOOD output n Available in latched fault and automatic restart versions Applications n n n n Server Backplane Systems Base Station Power Distribution Systems Solid State Circuit Breaker 24V/48V Industrial Systems Package n MSOP-10 Typical Application 20197201 Positive Power Supply Control © 2006 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201972 www.national.com LM5069 Positive High Voltage Hot Swap / Inrush Current Controller with Power Limiting September 2006 LM5069 Connection Diagram 20197202 Top View 10-Lead MSOP Ordering Information Order Number Fault Response Package Type NSC Package Drawing Supplied As LM5069MM-1 Latch Off 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LM5069MMX-1 Latch Off 3500 Units on Tape and Reel LM5069MM-2 Auto Restart LM5069MMX-2 Auto Restart MSOP-10 MUB10A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel Pin Descriptions Pin # Name Description Applications Information 1 SENSE Current sense input The voltage across the current sense resistor (RS) is measured from VIN to this pin. If the voltage across RS reaches 55mV the load current is limited and the fault timer activates. 2 VIN Positive supply input A small ceramic bypass capacitor close to this pin is recommended to suppress transients which occur when the load current is switched off. 3 UVLO Under-voltage lockout An external resistor divider from the system input voltage sets the under-voltage turn-on threshold. An internal 21 µA current source provides hysteresis. The enable threshold at the pin is 2.5V. This pin can also be used for remote shutdown control. 4 OVLO Over-voltage lockout An external resistor divider from the system input voltage sets the over-voltage turn-off threshold. An internal 21 µA current source provides hysteresis. The disable threshold at the pin is 2.5V. 5 GND Circuit ground 6 TIMER Timing capacitor 7 PWR Power limit set 8 PGD Power Good indicator 9 OUT Output feedback Connect to the output rail (external MOSFET source). Internally used to determine the MOSFET VDS voltage for power limiting, and to control the PGD indicator. 10 GATE Gate drive output Connect to the external MOSFET’s gate. This pin’s voltage is typically 12V above the OUT pin when enabled. www.national.com An external capacitor connected to this pin sets the insertion time delay and the Fault Timeout Period. The capacitor also sets the restart timing of the LM5069-2. An external resistor connected to this pin, in conjunction with the current sense resistor (RS), sets the maximum power dissipation allowed in the external series pass MOSFET. An open drain output. When the external MOSFET VDS decreases below 1.25V, the PGD indicator is active (high). When the external MOSFET VDS increases above 2.5V the PGD indicator switches low. 2 If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. VIN to GND (Note 5) -0.3V to 100V SENSE, OUT, PGD to GND -0.3V to 100V GATE to GND (Note 5) -0.3V to 100V UVLO to GND -0.3V to 100V OVLO to GND -0.3V to 7V VIN to SENSE ESD Rating (Note 2) Human Body Model 2kV Storage Temperature -65˚C to +150˚C Junction Temperature +150˚C Operating Ratings -0.3V to +0.3V VIN Supply Voltage +9.0V to 80V PGD Off Voltage 0V to 80V Junction Temp. Range −40˚C to +125˚C Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard type are for TJ = 25˚C only; limits in boldface type apply over the junction temperature (TJ) range of -40˚C to +125˚C. Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design, or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25˚C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise stated the following conditions apply: VIN = 48V. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Input (VIN pin) IIN-EN Input Current, enabled UVLO > 2.5V and OVLO < 2.5V 1.3 1.6 mA IIN-DIS Input Current, disabled UVLO < 2.5V or OVLO > 2.5V 480 650 µA PORIT Power On Reset threshold at VIN to trigger insertion timer VIN Increasing 7.6 8.0 V POREN Power On Reset threshold at VIN to enable all functions VIN increasing 8.8 9.0 V POREN hysteresis VIN decreasing 90 mV µA POREN-HYS OUT pin IOUT-EN OUT bias current, enabled OUT = VIN, Normal operation 11 IOUT-DIS OUT bias current, disabled (Note 3) Disabled, OUT = 0V, SENSE = VIN 50 UVLO, OVLO pins UVLOTH UVLO threshold UVLOHYS UVLO hysteresis current UVLO = 1V UVLODEL UVLO delay Delay to GATE high 55 Delay to GATE low 11 UVLOBIAS UVLO bias current 2.45 2.5 2.55 V 12 21 30 µA UVLO = 48V 1 µA 2.5 2.60 V 21 30 µA OVLOTH OVLO threshold OVLOHYS OVLO hysteresis current OVLO = 2.6V OVLODEL OVLO delay Delay to GATE high 55 Delay to GATE low 11 OVLOBIAS OVLO bias current 2.40 12 µs OVLO = 2.4V µs 1 µA 31 mV Power Limit (PWR pin) PWRLIM-1 Power limit sense voltage (VIN-SENSE) SENSE-OUT = 48V, RPWR = 150 kΩ SENSE-OUT = 24V, RPWR = 75 kΩ 25 mV PWR pin current VPWR = 2.5V 20 µA PWRLIM-2 IPWR 19 25 Gate Control (GATE pin) IGATE Source current Normal Operation, GATE-OUT = 5V Sink current UVLO < 2.5V VIN - SENSE = 150 mV or VIN < PORIT, VGATE = 5V VGATE Gate output voltage in normal operation GATE-OUT voltage 3 10 16 22 µA 1.75 2 2.6 mA 45 110 175 mA 11.4 12 12.6 V www.national.com LM5069 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) LM5069 Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard type are for TJ = 25˚C only; limits in boldface type apply over the junction temperature (TJ) range of -40˚C to +125˚C. Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design, or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25˚C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise stated the following conditions apply: VIN = 48V. (Continued) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units 48.5 55 61.5 mV Current Limit VCL Threshold voltage VIN-SENSE voltage tCL Response time VIN-SENSE stepped from 0 mV to 80 mV 45 µs SENSE input current Enabled, SENSE = OUT 23 µA Disabled, OUT = 0V 60 ISENSE Circuit Breaker VCB Threshold voltage VIN - SENSE tCB Response time VIN - SENSE stepped from 0 mV to 150 mV, time to GATE low, no load 80 105 130 mV 0.44 1.2 µs 3.76 4 4.16 V 1.187 1.25 1.313 Timer (TIMER pin) VTMRH Upper threshold VTMRL Lower threshold ITIMER Restart cycles (LM5069-2) 0.3 V Re-enable Threshold (LM5069-1) 0.3 V Insertion time current Sink current, end of insertion time V End of 8th cycle (LM5069-2) TIMER pin = 2V Fault detection current Fault sink current 3 5.5 8 µA 1.0 1.5 2.0 mA 51 85 120 µA 1.25 2.5 3.75 µA DCFAULT Fault Restart Duty Cycle LM5069-2 only 0.5 % tFAULT Fault to GATE low delay TIMER pin reaches 4.0V 12 µs Power Good (PGD pin) PGDTH Threshold measured at SENSE-OUT Decreasing 0.67 1.25 1.85 Increasing, relative to decreasing threshold 0.95 1.25 1.55 60 150 mV 5 µA PGDVOL Output low voltage ISINK = 2 mA PGDIOH Off leakage current VPGD = 80V V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and conditions see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. Note 3: OUT bias current (disabled) due to leakage current through an internal 1.0 MΩ resistance from SENSE to VOUT. Note 4: For detailed information on soldering plastic MSOP packages refer to the Packaging Databook available from National Semiconductor Corporation. Note 5: The GATE pin voltage is typically 12V above VIN when the LM5069 is enabled. Therefore the Absolute Maximum Ratings for VIN (100V) applies only when the LM5069 is disabled, or for a momentary surge to that voltage since the Absolute Maximum Rating for the GATE pin is also 100V. www.national.com 4 Unless otherwise specified the following conditions apply: TJ = VIN Pin Input Current vs. VIN SENSE Pin Input Current 20197203 20197204 OUT Pin Current GATE Pin Voltage vs. VIN 20197206 20197205 GATE Pin Source Current vs. VIN PGD Pin Low Voltage vs. Sink Current 20197207 20197208 5 www.national.com LM5069 Typical Performance Characteristics 25˚C, VIN = 48V LM5069 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified the following conditions apply: TJ = 25˚C, VIN = 48V (Continued) GATE Pull-Down Current, Circuit Breaker vs GATE Voltage MOSFET Power Dissipation Limit vs. RPWR and RS 20197209 20197266 UVLO Hysteresis Current vs. Temperature OVLO Hysteresis Current vs. Temperature 20197255 20197256 UVLO, OVLO Threshold vs. Temperature Input Current, Enabled vs. Temperature 20197257 www.national.com 20197258 6 Current Limit Threshold vs. Temperature Circuit Breaker Threshold vs. Temperature 20197259 20197260 Power Limit Threshold vs. Temperature GATE Output Voltage vs. Temperature 20197262 20197261 GATE Pull-Down Current, Circuit Breaker vs. Temperature GATE Source Current vs. Temperature 20197264 20197263 7 www.national.com LM5069 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified the following conditions apply: TJ = 25˚C, VIN = 48V (Continued) LM5069 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified the following conditions apply: TJ = 25˚C, VIN = 48V (Continued) PGD Low Voltage vs. Temperature 20197265 www.national.com 8 LM5069 Block Diagram 20197210 20197211 FIGURE 1. Basic Application Circuit mable current limit, the LM5069 monitors and limits the maximum power dissipation in the series pass device to maintain operation within the device Safe Operating Area (SOA). Either current limiting or power limiting for an extended period of time results in the shutdown of the series pass device. In this event, the LM5069-1 latches off until the circuit is re-enabled by external control, while the LM5069-2 automatically restarts with defined timing. The circuit breaker function quickly switches off the series pass device upon detection of a severe over-current condition. The Power Functional Description The LM5069 is designed to control the in-rush current to the load upon insertion of a circuit card into a live backplane or other "hot" power source, thereby limiting the voltage sag on the backplane’s supply voltage, and the dV/dt of the voltage applied to the load. Effects on other circuits in the system are minimized, preventing possible unintended resets. A controlled shutdown when the circuit card is removed can also be implemented using the LM5069. In addition to a program9 www.national.com LM5069 Functional Description out (OVLO) circuits shut down the LM5069 when the system input voltage is outside the desired operating range. The typical configuration of a circuit card with LM5069 hot swap protection is shown in Figure 2. (Continued) Good (PGD) output pin indicates when the output voltage is within 1.25V of the system input voltage (VSYS). Programmable under-voltage lock-out (UVLO) and over-voltage lock- 20197212 FIGURE 2. LM5069 Application above the UVLO threshold at the end of the insertion time, Q1 switches on at that time. The GATE pin charge pump sources 16 µA to charge Q1’s gate capacitance. The maximum gate-to-source voltage of Q1 is limited by an internal 12V zener diode. As the voltage at the OUT pin increases, the LM5069 monitors the drain current and power dissipation of MOSFET Q1. In-rush current limiting and/or power limiting circuits actively control the current delivered to the load. During the in-rush limiting interval (t2 in Figure 3) an internal 85 µA fault timer current source charges CT. If Q1’s power dissipation and the input current reduce below their respective limiting thresholds before the TIMER pin reaches 4.0V the 85 µA current source is switched off, and CT is discharged by the internal 2.5 µA current sink (t3 in Figure 3). The in-rush limiting interval is complete when the voltage at the OUT pin increases to within 1.25V of the input voltage (VSYS), and the PGD pin switches high. If the TIMER pin voltage reaches 4.0V before in-rush current limiting or power limiting ceases (during t2), a fault is declared and Q1 is turned off. See the Fault Timer & Restart section for a complete description of the fault mode. Power Up Sequence The VIN operating range of the LM5069 is +9V to +80V, with a transient capability to +100V. Referring to the Block Diagram and Figures 1 and 3, as the voltage at VIN initially increases, the external N-channel MOSFET (Q1) is held off by an internal 230 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin. The strong pull-down current at the GATE pin prevents an inadvertent turn-on as the MOSFET’s gate-to-drain (Miller) capacitance is charged. Additionally, the TIMER pin is initially held at ground. When the VIN voltage reaches the PORIT threshold (7.6V) the insertion time begins. During the insertion time, the capacitor at the TIMER pin (CT) is charged by a 5.5 µA current source, and Q1 is held off by a 2 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin regardless of the VIN voltage. The insertion time delay allows ringing and transients at VIN to settle before Q1 can be enabled. The insertion time ends when the TIMER pin voltage reaches 4.0V. CT is then quickly discharged by an internal 1.5 mA pull-down current. After the insertion time, the LM5069 control circuitry is enabled when VIN reaches the POREN threshold (8.8V). The GATE pin then switches on Q1 when VSYS exceeds the UVLO threshold (UVLO pin > 2.5V). If VSYS is www.national.com 10 LM5069 Power Up Sequence (Continued) 20197213 FIGURE 3. Power Up Sequence (Current Limit only) Following the insertion time, during t2 in Figure 3, the gate voltage of Q1 is modulated to keep the current or power dissipation level from exceeding the programmed levels. While in the current or power limiting mode the TIMER pin capacitor is charging. If the current and power limiting cease before the TIMER pin reaches 4V the TIMER pin capacitor then discharges, and the circuit enters normal operation. If the in-rush limiting condition persists such that the TIMER pin reached 4V during t2, the GATE pin is then pulled low by the 2 mA pull-down current. The GATE pin is then held low until either a power up sequence is initiated (LM5069-1), or until the end of the restart sequence (LM5069-2). See the Fault Timer & Restart section. If the system input voltage falls below the UVLO threshold, or rises above the OVLO threshold, the GATE pin is pulled low by the 2 mA pull-down current to switch off Q1. Gate Control A charge pump provides internal bias voltage above the output voltage (OUT pin) to enhance the N-Channel MOSFET’s gate. The gate-to-source voltage is limited by an internal 12V zener diode. During normal operating conditions (t3 in Figure 3) the gate of Q1 is held charged by an internal 16 µA current source to approximately 12V above OUT. If the maximum VGS rating of Q1 is less than 12V, a lower voltage external zener diode must be added between the GATE and OUT pins. The external zener diode must have a forward current rating of at least 250 mA. When the system voltage is initially applied, the GATE pin is held low by a 230 mA pull-down current. This helps prevent an inadvertent turn-on of the MOSFET through its drain-gate capacitance as the applied system voltage increases. During the insertion time (t1 in Figure 3) the GATE pin is held low by a 2 mA pull-down current. This maintains Q1 in the off-state until the end of t1, regardless of the voltage at VIN or UVLO. 11 www.national.com LM5069 Gate Control (Continued) 20197214 FIGURE 4. Gate Control sipation in Q1 by monitoring its drain-source voltage (SENSE to OUT), and the drain current through the sense resistor (VIN to SENSE). The product of the current and voltage is compared to the power limit threshold programmed by the resistor at the PWR pin. If the power dissipation reaches the limiting threshold, the GATE voltage is modulated to reduce the current in Q1. While the power limiting circuit is active, the fault timer is active as described in the Fault Timer & Restart section. Current Limit The current limit threshold is reached when the voltage across the sense resistor RS (VIN to SENSE) reaches 55 mV. In the current limiting condition, the GATE voltage is controlled to limit the current in MOSFET Q1. While the current limit circuit is active, the fault timer is active as described in the Fault Timer & Restart section. If the load current falls below the current limit threshold before the end of the Fault Timeout Period, the LM5069 resumes normal operation. For proper operation, the RS resistor value should be no larger than 100 mΩ. Fault Timer & Restart When the current limit or power limit threshold is reached during turn-on or as a result of a fault condition, the gate-tosource voltage of Q1 is modulated to regulate the load current and power dissipation. When either limiting function is activated, an 85 µA fault timer current source charges the external capacitor (CT) at the TIMER pin as shown in Figure 6 (Fault Timeout Period). If the fault condition subsides during the Fault Timeout Period before the TIMER pin reaches 4.0V, the LM5069 returns to the normal operating mode and CT is discharged by the 2.5 µA current sink. If the TIMER pin reaches 4.0V during the Fault Timeout Period, Q1 is switched off by a 2 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin. The subsequent restart procedure then depends on which version of the LM5069 is in use. The LM5069-1 latches the GATE pin low at the end of the Fault Timeout Period. CT is then discharged to ground by the 2.5 µA fault current sink. The GATE pin is held low by the 2 mA pull-down current until a power up sequence is externally initiated by cycling the input voltage (VSYS), or momentarily pulling the UVLO pin below 2.5V with an open-collector or open-drain device as shown in Figure 5. The voltage at the TIMER pin must be < 0.3V for the restart procedure to be effective. Circuit Breaker If the load current increases rapidly (e.g., the load is shortcircuited) the current in the sense resistor (RS) may exceed the current limit threshold before the current limit control loop is able to respond. If the current exceeds twice the current limit threshold (105 mV/RS), Q1 is quickly switched off by the 230 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin, and a Fault Timeout Period begins. When the voltage across RS falls below 105 mV the 230 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin is switched off, and the gate voltage of Q1 is then determined by the current limit or the power limit functions. If the TIMER pin reaches 4.0V before the current limiting or power limiting condition ceases, Q1 is switched off by the 2 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin as described in the Fault Timer & Restart section. Power Limit An important feature of the LM5069 is the MOSFET power limiting. The Power Limit function can be used to maintain the maximum power dissipation of MOSFET Q1 within the device SOA rating. The LM5069 determines the power dis- www.national.com 12 LM5069 Fault Timer & Restart (Continued) 20197215 FIGURE 5. Latched Fault Restart Control the value of the capacitor CT. When the TIMER pin reaches 0.3V during the eighth high-to-low ramp, the 16 µA current source at the GATE pin turns on Q1. If the fault condition is still present, the Fault Timeout Period and the restart cycle repeat. The LM5069-2 provides an automatic restart sequence which consists of the TIMER pin cycling between 4.0V and 1.25V seven times after the Fault Timeout Period, as shown in Figure 6. The period of each cycle is determined by the 85 µA charging current, and the 2.5 µA discharge current, and 20197216 FIGURE 6. Restart Sequence (LM5069-2) Under-Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) Over-Voltage Lock-Out (OVLO) The series pass MOSFET (Q1) is enabled when the input supply voltage (VSYS) is within the operating range defined by the programmable under-voltage lockout (UVLO) and over-voltage lock-out (OVLO) levels. Typically the UVLO level at VSYS is set with a resistor divider (R1-R3) as shown in Figure 1. When VSYS is below the UVLO level, the internal 21 µA current source at UVLO is enabled, the current source at OVLO is off, and Q1 is held off by the 2 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin. As VSYS is increased, raising the voltage at UVLO above 2.5V, the 21 µA current source at UVLO is switched off, increasing the voltage at UVLO, providing hysteresis for this threshold. With the UVLO pin above 2.5V, Q1 is switched on by the 16 µA current source at the GATE pin if the insertion time delay has expired (Figure 3). See the Applications Section for a procedure to calculate the values of the threshold setting resistors (R1-R3). The minimum possible UVLO level at VSYS can be set by connecting the UVLO pin to VIN. In this case Q1 is enabled when the VIN voltage reaches the POREN threshold. The series pass MOSFET (Q1) is enabled when the input supply voltage (VSYS) is within the operating range defined by the programmable under-voltage lockout (UVLO) and over-voltage lock-out (OVLO) levels. If VSYS raises the OVLO pin voltage above 2.5V Q1 is switched off by the 2 mA pull-down current at the GATE pin, denying power to the load. When the OVLO pin is above 2.5V, the internal 21 µA current source at OVLO is switched on, raising the voltage at OVLO to provide threshold hysteresis. When VSYS is reduced below the OVLO level Q1 is enabled. See the Applications Section for a procedure to calculate the threshold setting resistor values. Shutdown Control The load current can be remotely switched off by taking the UVLO pin below its 2.5V threshold with an open collector or 13 www.national.com LM5069 Shutdown Control Application Information (Refer to Figure 1) (Continued) open drain device, as shown in Figure 7. Upon releasing the UVLO pin the LM5069 switches on the load current with in-rush current and power limiting. CURRENT LIMIT, RS The LM5069 monitors the current in the external MOSFET (Q1) by measuring the voltage across the sense resistor (RS), connected from VIN to SENSE. The required resistor value is calculated from: (1) where ILIM is the desired current limit threshold. If the voltage across RS reaches 55 mV, the current limit circuit modulates the gate of Q1 to regulate the current at ILIM. While the current limiting circuit is active, the fault timer is active as described in the Fault Timer & Restart section. For proper operation, RS must be no larger than 100 mΩ. 20197217 FIGURE 7. Shutdown Control While the maximum load current in normal operation can be used to determine the required power rating for resistor RS, basing it on the current limit value provides a more reliable design since the circuit can operate near the current limit threshold continuously. The resistor’s surge capability must also be considered since the circuit breaker threshold is twice the current limit threshold. Connections from RS to the LM5069 should be made using Kelvin techniques. In the suggested layout of Figure 8 the small pads at the lower corners of the sense resistor connect only to the sense resistor terminals, and not to the traces carrying the high current. With this technique, only the voltage across the sense resistor is applied to VIN and SENSE, eliminating the voltage drop across the high current solder connections. Power Good Pin The Power Good indicator pin (PGD) is connected to the drain of an internal N-channel MOSFET capable of sustaining 80V in the off-state, and transients up to 100V. An external pull-up resistor is required at PGD to an appropriate voltage to indicate the status to downstream circuitry. The off-state voltage at the PGD pin can be higher or lower than the voltages at VIN and OUT. PGD is switched high when the voltage from SENSE to OUT (the external MOSFET’s VDS) decreases below 1.25V. PGD switches low when the MOSFET’s VDS is increased past 2.5V. If the UVLO pin is taken below 2.5V, or the OVLO pin taken above 2.5V, to disable the LM5069, PGD switches low within 10 µs without waiting for the voltage at OUT to fall 2.5V below the voltage at SENSE. The PGD output pin is high when the voltage at VIN is less than 5V. 20197219 FIGURE 8. Sense Resistor Connections resistor at the PWR pin (RPWR) sets the maximum power dissipation for Q1, and is calculated from the following equation: (2) RPWR = 1.25 x 105 x RS x PFET(LIM) where PFET(LIM) is the desired power limit threshold for Q1, and RS is the current sense resistor described in the Current POWER LIMIT THRESHOLD The LM5069 determines the power dissipation in the external MOSFET (Q1) by monitoring the drain current (the current in RS), and the VDS of Q1 (SENSE to OUT pins). The www.national.com 14 LM5069 Application Information (Refer to Figure 1) (Continued) Limit section. For example, if RS is 10 mΩ , and the desired power limit threshold is 60W, RPWR calculates to 75 kΩ. If Q1’s power dissipation reaches the threshold Q1’s gate is modulated to reduce the load current, keeping Q1’s power from exceeding the threshold. For proper operation of the power limiting feature, RPWR must be ≤150 kΩ. While the power limiting circuit is active, the fault timer is active as described in the Fault Timer & Restart section. Typically, power limit is reached during startup, or if the output voltage falls due to a severe overload or short circuit. The programmed maximum power dissipation should have a reasonable margin from the maximum power defined by the FET’s SOA chart if the LM5069-2 is used since the FET will be repeatedly stressed during fault restart cycles. The FET manufacturer should be consulted for guidelines. 20197222 FIGURE 9. No Load Current During Turn-On If the application does not require use of the power limit function the PWR pin can be left open. TURN-ON TIME The output turn-on time depends on whether the LM5069 operates in current limit, or in both power limit and current limit, during turn-on. A) Turn-on with current limit only: The current limit threshold (ILIM) is determined by the current sense resistor (RS). If the current limit threshold is less than the current defined by the power limit threshold at maximum VDS the circuit operates at the current limit threshold only during turn-on. Referring to Figure 11a, as the load current reaches ILIM, the gate-to-source voltage is controlled at VGSL to maintain the current at ILIM. As the output voltage reaches its final value (VDS ) 0V) the drain current reduces to its normal operating value, and the gate is charged to approximately 12V (VGATE). The time for the OUT pin voltage to transition from zero volts to VSYS is equal to: 20197223 FIGURE 10. Load Draws Current During Turn-On B) Turn-on with power limit and current limit: The maximum allowed power dissipation in Q1 (PFET(LIM)) is defined by the resistor at the PWR pin, and the current sense resistor RS. See the Power Limit Threshold section. If the current limit threshold (ILIM) is higher than the current defined by the power limit threshold at maximum VDS (PFET(LIM)/VSYS) the circuit operates initially at the power limit mode when the VDS of Q1 is high, and then transitions to current limit mode as the current increases to ILIM and VDS decreases. See Figure 11b. Assuming the load (RL) is not connected during turn-on, the time for the output voltage to reach its final value is approximately equal to: where CL is the load capacitance. For example, if VSYS = 48V, CL = 1000 µF, and ILIM = 1A, tON calculates to 48 ms. The maximum instantaneous power dissipated in the MOSFET is 48W. This calculation assumes the time from t1 to t2 in Figure 11a is small compared to tON, and the load does not draw any current until after the output voltage has reached its final value, and PGD switches high (Figure 9). If the load draws current during the turn-on sequence (Figure 10), the turn-on time is longer than the above calculation, and is approximately equal to: For example, if VSYS = 48V, CL = 1000 µF, ILIM = 1A, and PFET(LIM) = 20W, tON calculates to )68 ms, and the initial current level (IP) is approximately 0.42A. The Fault Timeout Period must be set longer than tON. where RL is the load resistance. The Fault Timeout Period must be set longer than tON to prevent a fault shutdown before the turn-on sequence is complete. 15 www.national.com LM5069 Application Information (Refer to Figure 1) (Continued) 20197225 FIGURE 11. MOSFET Power Up Waveforms sponse to a circuit card plug-in is unique, the worst case settling time must be determined for each application. The insertion time starts when VIN reaches the PORIT threshold, at which time the internal 5.5 µA current source charges CT from 0V to 4.0V. The required capacitor value is calculated from: MOSFET SELECTION It is recommended that the external MOSFET (Q1) selection be based on the following criteria: - The BVDSS rating should be greater than the maximum system voltage (VSYS), plus ringing and transients which can occur at VSYS when the circuit card, or adjacent cards, are inserted or removed. - The maximum continuous current rating should be based on the current limit threshold (55 mV/RS), not the maximum load current, since the circuit can operate near the current limit threshold continuously. - The Pulsed Drain Current spec (IDM) must be greater than the current threshold for the circuit breaker function (105 mV/RS). - The SOA (Safe Operating Area) chart of the device, and the thermal properties, should be used to determine the maximum power dissipation threshold set by the RPWR resistor. The programmed maximum power dissipation should have a reasonable margin from the maximum power defined by the FET’s SOA chart if the LM5069-2 is used since the FET will be repeatedly stressed during fault restart cycles. The FET manufacturer should be consulted for guidelines. - RDS(on) should be sufficiently low that the power dissipation at maximum load current (IL(max)2 x RDS(on)) does not raise its junction temperature above the manufacturer’s recommendation. If the device chosen for Q1 has a maximum VGS rating less than 12V, an external zener diode must be added from its gate to source, with the zener voltage less than the maximum VGS rating. The zener diode’s forward current rating must be at least 250 mA to conduct the GATE pull-down current during startup and in the circuit breaker mode. For example, if the desired insertion delay is 250 ms, CT calculates to 0.345 µF. At the end of the insertion delay, CT is quickly discharged by a 1.5 mA current sink. B) Fault Timeout Period - During in-rush current limiting or upon detection of a fault condition where the current limit and/or power limit circuits regulate the current through Q1, the fault timer current source (85 µA) is switched on to charge CT. The Fault Timeout Period is the time required for the TIMER pin voltage to reach 4.0V, at which time Q1 is switched off. The required capacitor value for the desired Fault Timeout Period tFAULT is calculated from: (3) For example, if the desired Fault Timeout Period is 16 ms, CT calculates to 0.34 µF. After the Fault Timeout Period, the LM5069-1 latches the GATE pin low until a power up sequence is initiated by external circuitry. CT is discharged by the 2.5 µA current sink at the end of the Fault Timeout Period. See the Fault Timer and Restart section and Figure 5. When the Fault Timeout Period of the LM5069-2 expires, a restart sequence starts as described below (Restart Timing). Since the LM5069 normally operates in power limit and/or current limit during a power up sequence, the Fault Timeout Period must be longer than the time required for the output voltage to reach its final value. See the Turn-on Time section. C) Restart Timing For the LM5069-2, after the Fault Timeout Period described above, CT is discharged by the 2.5 µA current sink to 1.25V. The TIMER pin then cycles through TIMER CAPACITOR, CT The TIMER pin capacitor (CT) sets the timing for the insertion time delay, fault timeout period, and restart timing of the LM5069-2. A) Insertion Delay - Upon applying the system voltage (VSYS) to the circuit, the external MOSFET (Q1) is held off during the insertion time (t1 in Figure 3) to allow ringing and transients at VSYS to settle. Since each backplane’s rewww.national.com 16 LM5069 Application Information (Refer to Figure 1) (Continued) seven additional charge/discharge cycles between 1.25V and 4.0V as shown in Figure 6. The restart time ends when the TIMER pin voltage reaches 0.3V during the final high-tolow ramp. The restart time, after the Fault Timeout Period, is equal to: The lower OVLO threshold is calculated from: = CT x 9.4 x 106 For example, if CT = 0.33 µF, tRESTART = 3.1 seconds. At the end of the restart time, Q1 is switched on. If the fault is still present, the fault timeout and restart sequence repeats. The on-time duty cycle of Q1 is approximately 0.5% in this mode. As an example, assume the application requires the following thresholds: VUVH = 36V, VUVL = 32V, VOVH = 60V. UVLO, OVLO By programming the UVLO and OVLO thresholds the LM5069 enables the series pass device (Q1) when the input supply voltage (VSYS) is within the desired operational range. If VSYS is below the UVLO threshold, or above the OVLO threshold, Q1 is switched off, denying power to the load. Hysteresis is provided for each threshold. Option A: The configuration shown in Figure 12 requires three resistors (R1-R3) to set the thresholds. The lower OVLO threshold calculates to 55.8V, and the OVLO hysteresis is 4.2V. Note that the OVLO hysteresis is always slightly greater than the UVLO hysteresis in this configuration. When the R1-R3 resistor values are known, the threshold voltages and hysteresis are calculated from the following: 20197229 VUV(HYS) = R1 x 21 µA FIGURE 12. UVLO and OVLO Thresholds Set By R1-R3 The procedure to calculate the resistor values is as follows: - Choose the upper UVLO threshold (VUVH), and the lower UVLO threshold (VUVL). - Choose the upper OVLO threshold (VOVH). - The lower OVLO threshold (VOVL) cannot be chosen in advance in this case, but is determined after the values for R1-R3 are determined. If VOVL must be accurately defined in addition to the other three thresholds, see Option B below. The resistors are calculated as follows: VOV(HYS) = (R1 + R2) x 21 µA Option B: If all four thresholds must be accurately defined, the configuration in Figure 13 can be used. 17 www.national.com LM5069 Application Information (Refer to Figure 1) (Continued) As an example, assume the application requires the following thresholds: VUVH = 22V, VUVL = 17V, VOVH = 60V, and VOVL = 58V. Therefore VUV(HYS) = 5V, and VOV(HYS) = 2V. The resistor values are: R1 = 238 kΩ, R2 = 41 kΩ R3 = 95.2 kΩ, R4 = 4.14 kΩ Where the R1-R4 resistor values are known, the threshold voltages and hysteresis are calculated from the following: VUV(HYS) = R1 x 21 µA 20197241 FIGURE 13. Programming the Four Thresholds The four resistor values are calculated as follows: - Choose the upper and lower UVLO thresholds (VUVH) and (VUVL). VOV(HYS) = R3 x 21 µA Option C: The minimum UVLO level is obtained by connecting the UVLO pin to VIN as shown in Figure 14. Q1 is switched on when the VIN voltage reaches the POREN threshold ()8.8V). An external transistor can be connected to UVLO to provide remote shutdown control, and to restart the LM5069-1 after a fault detection. The OVLO thresholds are set using R3, R4. Their values are calculated using the procedure in Option B. -Choose the upper and lower OVLO threshold (VOVH) and (VOVL). 20197250 FIGURE 14. UVLO = POREN with Shutdown/Restart Control www.national.com 18 LM5069 Application Information (Refer to Figure 1) (Continued) Option D: The OVLO function can be disabled by grounding the OVLO pin. The UVLO thresholds are set as described in Option B or Option C. voltage at OUT increases to within 1.25V of the SENSE pin (VDS < 1.25V), PGD switches high. PGD switches low if the VDS of Q1 increases above 2.5V. A pull-up resistor is required at PGD as shown in Figure 15. The pull-up voltage (VPGD) can be as high as 80V, with transient capability to 100V, and can be higher or lower than the voltages at VIN and OUT. POWER GOOD PIN During turn-on, the Power Good pin (PGD) is high until the voltage at VIN increases above ) 5V. PGD then switches low, remaining low as the VIN voltage increases. When the 20197251 FIGURE 15. Power Good Output falling edge is delayed a lesser amount by RPG2 and CPG. Adding a diode across RPG2 (Figure 16c) allows for equal delays at the two edges, or a short delay at the rising edge and a long delay at the falling edge. If a delay is required at PGD, suggested circuits are shown in Figure 16. In Figure 16a, capacitor CPG adds delay to the rising edge, but not to the falling edge. In Figure 16b, the rising edge is delayed by RPG1 + RPG2 and CPG, while the 20197252 FIGURE 16. Adding Delay to the Power Good Output Pin Design-in Procedure The recommended design-in procedure is as follows: • Determine the current limit threshold (ILIM). This threshold must be higher than the normal maximum load current, allowing for tolerances in the current sense resistor value and the LM5069 Current Limit threshold voltage. Use equation 1 to determine the value for RS. • • Determine the maximum allowable power dissipation for the series pass FET (Q1), using the device’s SOA information. Use equation 2 to determine the value for RPWR. • Determine the value for the timing capacitor at the TIMER pin (CT) using equation 3. The fault timeout period • 19 (tFAULT) must be longer than the circuit’s turn-on-time. The turn-on time can be estimated using the equations in the TURN-ON TIME section of this data sheet, but should be verified experimentally. Review the resulting insertion time, and restart timing if the LM5069-2 is used. Choose option A, B, C, or D from the UVLO, OVLO section of the Application Information for setting the UVLO and OVLO thresholds and hysteresis. Use the procedure for the appropriate option to determine the resistor values at the UVLO and OVLO pins. Choose the appropriate voltage, and pull-up resistor, for the Power Good output. www.national.com LM5069 • PC Board Guidelines The following guidelines should be followed when designing the PC board for the LM5069: • Place the LM5069 close to the board’s input connector to minimize trace inductance from the connector to the FET. • Place a small capacitor (1000 pF) directly adjacent to the VIN and GND pins of the LM5069 to help minimize transients which may occur on the input supply line. Transients of several volts can easily occur when the load current is shut off. • The sense resistor (RS) should be close to the LM5069, and connected to it using the Kelvin techniques shown in Figure 8. • The high current path from the board’s input to the load (via Q1), and the return path, should be parallel and close to each other to minimize loop inductance. • • The ground connection for the various components around the LM5069 should be connected directly to each other, and to the LM5069’s GND pin, and then connected to the system ground at one point. Do not connect the various component grounds to each other through the high current ground line. Provide adequate heat sinking for the series pass device (Q1) to help reduce stresses during turn-on and turn-off. The board’s edge connector can be designed to shut off the LM5069 as the board is removed, before the supply voltage is disconnected from the LM5069. In Figure 17 the voltage at the UVLO pin goes to ground before VSYS is removed from the LM5069 due to the shorter edge connector pin. When the board is inserted into the edge connector, the system voltage is applied to the LM5069’s VIN pin before the UVLO voltage is taken high. 20197253 FIGURE 17. Recommended Board Connector Design B) If the load powered via the LM5069 hot swap circuit has inductive characteristics, a diode is required across the LM5069’s output. The diode provides a recirculating path for the load’s current when the LM5069 shuts off that current. Adding the diode prevents possible damage to the LM5069 as the OUT pin will be taken below ground by the inductive load at shutoff. See Figure 18. System Considerations A) Continued proper operation of the LM5069 hot swap circuit requires capacitance be present on the supply side of the connector into which the hot swap circuit is plugged in, as depicted in Figure 2. The capacitor in the “Live Backplane” section is necessary to absorb the transient generated whenever the hot swap circuit shuts off the load current. If the capacitance is not present, inductance in the supply lines will generate a voltage transient at shut-off which can exceed the absolute maximum rating of the LM5069, resulting in its destruction. www.national.com 20 LM5069 System Considerations (Continued) 20197254 FIGURE 18. Output Diode Required for Inductive Loads 21 www.national.com LM5069 Positive High Voltage Hot Swap / Inrush Current Controller with Power Limiting Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted NS Package Number MUB10A National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. 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