32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
HIGHLIGHTS
This section of the manual contains the following major topics:
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2
Module Overview .............................................................................................................. 3
CRC Registers .................................................................................................................. 4
CRC Engine .................................................................................................................... 10
Control Logic................................................................................................................... 11
Advantages of Programmable CRC Module ................................................................... 20
Application of CRC Module............................................................................................. 20
Operation in Power Save Modes .................................................................................... 31
Register Maps ................................................................................................................. 32
Related Application Notes............................................................................................... 33
Revision History .............................................................................................................. 34
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 1
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The 32-bit programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) module in dsPIC33/PIC24 devices
is a software configurable CRC checksum generator. The checksum is a unique number
associated with a message, or a particular block of data, containing several bytes. Whether it is
a data packet for communication, or a block of data stored in memory, a piece of information,
such as checksum helps to validate it before processing. The simplest way to calculate a
checksum is to add together all the data bytes present in the message. However, this method of
checksum calculation fails badly when the message is modified by inverting or swapping groups
of bytes. Also, it fails when null bytes are added anywhere in the message.
The CRC is a more complicated, but robust, error checking algorithm. The main idea behind the
CRC algorithm is to treat a message as a binary bit stream and divide it by a fixed binary number.
The remainder from this division is considered as the checksum. Like in division, the CRC
calculation is also an iterative process. The only difference is that these operations are done on
modulo arithmetic, based on mod 2. For example, division is replaced with the XOR operation (i.e.,
subtraction without carry). The CRC algorithm uses the term, polynomial, to perform all of its
calculations. The divisor, dividend and remainder that are represented by numbers are termed as:
polynomials with binary coefficients. For example, the number, 25h (11001), is represented as:
Equation 1-1:
(1 * x4) + (1 * x3) + (0 * x2) + (0 * x1) + (1 * x0) or x4 + x3 + x0
In order to perform the CRC calculation, a suitable divisor is first selected. This divisor is called
the generator polynomial. Since CRC is used to detect errors, a suitable generator polynomial of
a suitable length needs to be chosen for a given application, as each polynomial has different
error detection capabilities. Some polynomials are widely used for many applications, but the
error detecting capabilities of any particular polynomial are beyond the scope of this reference
section.
The CRC calculation is an iterative process and consumes considerable CPU bandwidth when
implemented in software. The software configurable CRC hardware module in dsPIC33/PIC24
devices facilitates a fast CRC checksum calculation with minimal software overhead.
The programmable CRC generator provides a hardware implemented method of quickly
generating checksums for various communication and security applications. It provides the
following features:
•
•
•
•
•
DS30009729B-page 2
User-programmable CRC polynomial equation, up to 32 bits
Programmable shift direction (little or big endian)
Independent data and polynomial lengths
Configurable interrupt output
Data FIFO
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
2.0
MODULE OVERVIEW
The programmable CRC generator module in dsPIC33/PIC24 devices can be broadly classified
into two parts: the control logic and the CRC engine. The control logic incorporates a register
interface, FIFO, interrupt generator and CRC engine interface. The CRC engine incorporates a
CRC calculator, which is implemented using a serial shifter with XOR function. A simplified block
diagram is shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1:
Simplified Block Diagram of the Programmable CRC Generator
CRCWDATH
CRCWDATL
Variable FIFO
(4x32, 8x16 or 16x8)
FIFO Empty Event
CRCISEL
2 * FCY Shift Clock
1
Shift Buffer
0
0
1
LENDIAN
CRC Shift Engine
CRCWDATH
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Set CRCIF
Shift Complete
Event
CRCWDATL
DS30009729B-page 3
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
3.0
CRC REGISTERS
Different registers associated with the CRC module are described in detail in this section. There
are eight registers in this module. These are mapped to the data RAM space as Special Function
Registers (SFRs) in dsPIC33/PIC24 devices:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CRCCON1 (CRC Control Register 1)
CRCCON2 (CRC Control Register 2)
CRCXORL (CRC XOR Low Register)
CRCXORH (CRC XOR High Register)
CRCDATL (CRC Data Low Register)
CRCDATH (CRC Data High Register)
CRCWDATL (CRC Shift Low Register)
CRCWDATH (CRC Shift High Register)
The CRCCON1 (Register 3-1) and CRCCON2 (Register 3-2) registers control the operation of
the module and configure various settings. The CRCXORL/H registers (Register 3-3 and
Register 3-4) select the polynomial terms to be used in the CRC equation. The CRCDATL/H
and CRCWDATL/H registers are each register pairs that serve as buffers for the double-word
input data and CRC processed output, respectively.
DS30009729B-page 4
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Register 3-1:
CRCCON1: CRC Control Register 1
R/W-0
U-0
R/W-0
R-0
R-0
R-0
R-0
R-0
CRCEN
—
CSIDL
VWORD4
VWORD3
VWORD2
VWORD1
VWORD0
bit 15
bit 8
R-0
R-1
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
U-0
U-0
U-0
CRCFUL
CRCMPT
CRCISEL
CRCGO
LENDIAN
—
—
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
x = Bit is unknown
bit 15
CRCEN: CRC Enable bit
1 = Enables module
0 = Disables module
bit 14
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 13
CSIDL: CRC Stop in Idle Mode bit
1 = Discontinues module operation when device enters Idle mode
0 = Continues module operation in Idle mode
bit 12-8
VWORD<4:0>: Counter Value bits
Indicates the number of valid words in the FIFO. Has a maximum value of 16 when DWIDTH<4:0> 7
(data words, 8-bit-wide or less). Has a maximum value of 8 when DWIDTH<4:0> 15(data words from
9 to 16-bit-wide). Has a maximum value of 4 when DWIDTH<4:0> 31 (data words from 17 to
32-bit-wide).
bit 7
CRCFUL: CRC FIFO Full bit
1 = FIFO is full
0 = FIFO is not full
bit 6
CRCMPT: CRC FIFO Empty bit
1 = FIFO is empty
0 = FIFO is not empty
bit 5
CRCISEL: CRC Interrupt Selection bit
1 = Interrupt on FIFO empty; final word of data is still shifted through CRC
0 = Interrupt on shift complete (FIFO is empty and no data is shifted from the shift buffer)
bit 4
CRCGO: Start CRC bit
1 = Start CRC serial shifter; clearing the bit aborts shifting
0 = CRC serial shifter is turned off
bit 3
LENDIAN: Data Word Little Endian Configuration bit
1 = Data word is shifted into the CRC, starting with the LSb (little endian); reflected input data
0 = Data word is shifted into the CRC, starting with the MSb (big endian); non-reflected input data
bit 2-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 5
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Register 3-2:
CRCCON2: CRC Control Register 2
U-0
U-0
U-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
—
—
—
DWIDTH4
DWIDTH3
DWIDTH2
DWIDTH1
DWIDTH0
bit 15
bit 8
U-0
U-0
U-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
—
—
—
PLEN4
PLEN3
PLEN2
PLEN1
PLEN0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-13
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 12-8
DWIDTH<4:0>: Data Word Width Configuration bits
Configures the width of the data word (Data Word Width – 1).
bit 7-5
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4-0
PLEN<4:0>: Polynomial Length Configuration bits
Configures the length of the polynomial (Polynomial Length – 1).
DS30009729B-page 6
x = Bit is unknown
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Register 3-3:
CRCXORL: CRC XOR Low Register
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
bit 15
bit 8
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
U-0
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
X1
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-1
X<15:1>: XOR of Polynomial Term xn Enable bits
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Register 3-4:
x = Bit is unknown
CRCXORH: CRC XOR High Register
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
X31
X30
X29
X28
X27
X26
X25
X24
bit 15
bit 8
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
X23
X22
X21
X20
X19
X18
X17
X16
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-0
x = Bit is unknown
X<31:16>: XOR of Polynomial Term xn Enable bits
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 7
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Register 3-5:
CRCDATL: CRC Data Low Register
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DATA15
DATA14
DATA13
DATA12
DATA11
DATA10
DATA9
DATA8
bit 15
bit 8
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DATA7
DATA6
DATA5
DATA4
DATA3
DATA2
DATA1
DATA0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-0
x = Bit is unknown
DATA<15:0>: CRC Input Data bits
Writing to this register fills the FIFO; reading from this register returns ‘0’.
Register 3-6:
CRCDATH: CRC Data High Register
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DATA31
DATA30
DATA29
DATA28
DATA27
DATA26
DATA25
DATA24
bit 15
bit 8
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DATA23
DATA22
DATA21
DATA20
DATA19
DATA18
DATA17
DATA16
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-0
x = Bit is unknown
DATA<31:16>: CRC Input Data bits
Writing to this register fills the FIFO; reading from this register returns ‘0’.
DS30009729B-page 8
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Register 3-7:
CRCWDATL: CRC Shift Low Register
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SDATA15
SDATA14
SDATA13
SDATA12
SDATA11
SDATA10
SDATA9
SDATA8
bit 15
bit 8
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SDATA7
SDATA6
SDATA5
SDATA4
SDATA3
SDATA2
SDATA1
SDATA0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-0
x = Bit is unknown
SDATA<15:0>: CRC Shift Register bits
Writing to this register writes to the CRC Shift register through the CRC write bus. Reading from this
register reads the CRC read bus.
Register 3-8:
CRCWDATH: CRC Shift High Register
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SDATA31
SDATA30
SDATA29
SDATA28
SDATA27
SDATA26
SDATA25
SDATA24
bit 15
bit 8
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SDATA23
SDATA22
SDATA21
SDATA20
SDATA19
SDATA18
SDATA17
SDATA16
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 15-0
x = Bit is unknown
DATA<31:16>: CRC Shift Register bits
Writing to this register writes to the CRC Shift register through the CRC write bus. Reading from this
register reads the CRC read bus.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 9
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
4.0
CRC ENGINE
4.1
Generic CRC Engine
The CRC engine is a serial shifting CRC calculator with feedforward and feedback points,
configurable though multiplexer settings. A simple version of the CRC shift engine is shown in
Figure 4-1.
The CRC algorithm uses a simplified form of arithmetic process, using the XOR operation
instead of binary division. The coefficients of the generator polynomial are programmed with
the CRCXORL<15:1> and CRCXORH<31:16> bits. Writing a ‘1’ into a location enables
XORing of that element in the polynomial. The length of the polynomial is programmed using
the PLEN<4:0> bits in the CRCCON2 register (CRCCON2<4:0>). The PLEN<4:0> value
signals the length of the polynomial and switches a multiplexer to indicate the tap from which
the feedback originated.
The result of the CRC calculation is obtained by reading the holding registers through the CRC
read bus. A direct write path to the CRC Shift registers is also provided through the CRC write
bus. This path is accessed by the CPU through the CRCWDATL and CRCWDATH registers.
Figure 4-1:
CRC Shift Engine Detail
CRCWDATH
CRCWDATL
Read/Write Bus
X(0)(1)
Shift Buffer
Data
Note 1:
2:
X(1)
Bit 0
X(2)
Bit 1
X(n)
Bit 2
Bit n(2)
Each XOR stage of the shift engine is programmable. See text for details.
Polynomial Length n is determined by (PLEN<4:0> + 1).
DS30009729B-page 10
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
5.0
CONTROL LOGIC
5.1
Polynomial Interface
The CRC module can be programmed for CRC polynomials of up to the 32nd order, using up to
32 bits. Polynomial length, which reflects the highest exponent in the equation, is selected by the
PLEN<4:0> bits (CRCCON2<4:0>). The CRCXORL and CRCXORH registers control which
exponent terms are included in the equation. Setting a particular bit includes that exponent term
in the equation functionally; this includes an XOR operation on the corresponding bit in the CRC
engine. Clearing the bit disables the XOR. For example, consider two CRC polynomials, one a
16-bit equation and the other a 32-bit equation:
Equation 5-1:
x16 + x12 + x5 + 1
and
x32 + x26 + x23 + x22 + x16 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x2 + x + 1
To program this polynomial into the CRC generator, set the register bits as shown in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1:
CRC Setup Examples for 16 and 32-Bit Polynomials
Bit Values
CRC Control Bits
16-Bit Polynomial
32-Bit Polynomial
PLEN<4:0>
01111
11111
X<31:16>
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0100 1100 0001
X<15:1>
0001 0000 0010 000x
0001 1101 1011 011x
Note that the appropriate positions are set to ‘1’ to indicate that they are used in the equation
(e.g., X26 and X23). The 0 bit required by the equation is always XORed; thus, X0 is a don’t care.
The Most Significant bit (MSb) of the polynomial does not affect the calculation and can be set
to zero.
5.2
Data Interface
The module accommodates user-defined input data width for calculating CRC. Input data width
can be configured to any value, between 1 and 32 bits, using the DWIDTH<4:0> bits
(CRCCON2<12:8>).
The input data is fed to the CRCDATL and CRCDATH registers. Depending upon the configuration
of the DWIDTH<4:0> bits, the width of the CRCDATL and CRCDATH registers is configured.
For data width less than, or equal to, 16 bits, only the CRCDATL register has to be used and any
writes to the CRCDATH register will be ignored.
For data width greater than 16 bits, both the CRCDATL and CRCDATH registers should be used.
The user must write the lower 16 bits (word) into the CRCDATL register first and then the upper
bits into the CRCDATH register.
Note:
For data width less than, or equal to, 8 bits, the user should feed the input data
through byte operations into the CRCDATL register.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 11
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
5.3
Data Shift Direction
The LENDIAN bit (CRCCON1<3>) is used to control the shift direction. By default, the CRC
module will shift data through the engine, MSb first (LENDIAN = 0). Setting LENDIAN to ‘1’
causes the CRC module to shift data, LSb first. This setting allows better integration with various
communication schemes and removes the overhead of reversing the bit order in software. Note
that this only changes the direction the data is shifted into the engine. The result of the CRC
calculation will still be a normal CRC result, not a reverse CRC result.
The PIC24 and dsPIC33 are little endian devices. When the CRC module is configured for the
big endian (LENDIAN = 0), the input data bytes and words must be swapped in the application
code before loading them into the CRCDAT registers.
5.4
FIFO
The module incorporates a FIFO that works with a variable data width. The data width is defined
by the DWIDTH<4:0> bits (CRCCON2<12:8>). It can be configured to any value, between 1 and
32 bits. The logic associated with the FIFO contains a 5-bit counter, called VWORD
(VWORD<4:0> or CRCCON1<12:8>). The value in the VWORD<4:0> bits indicates the number
of new data elements in the FIFO.
The FIFO is:
• 16-word deep when DWIDTH<4:0> 7 (data words, 8-bit-wide or less)
• 8-word deep when DWIDTH<4:0> 15 (data words from 9 to 16-bit-wide)
• 4-word deep when DWIDTH<4:0> 31 (data words from 17 to 32-bit-wide)
The data for which the CRC is to be calculated must first be written into the FIFO by the CPU
using the CRCDAT registers. Reading the CRCDAT registers always returns zero.
Filling the FIFO with Less Than or Equal to 8-Bit Data:
With an 8-bit or less data word width setting, the FIFO increments on a write to either the lower or
the upper byte of the CRCDATL register. The smallest data element that can be written into the
FIFO is 1 byte. When a single 16-bit word is loaded into the CRCDATL register, the lower byte is
written into the FIFO first and the higher byte is written next.
For example, if DWIDTH<4:0> is five, then the size of the data is DWIDTH<4:0> + 1 or six. The
data is written as a whole byte; the two unused upper bits are ignored by the module. Once the data
byte is written into the CRCDATL register, the value of the VWORD<4:0> bits (CRCCON1< 12:8>)
increments by one.
Filling the FIFO with Greater Than 8-Bit and Less Than/Equal to 16-Bit Data:
With greater than 8-bit, and less than or equal to a 16-bit data word width setting, the FIFO is
loaded on a write to the CRCDATL register. Any write to the CRCDATH register will be ignored.
The value of the VWORD<4:0> bits is incremented for every write to the CRCDATL register.
Filling the FIFO with Greater Than 16 and Less Than 32-Bit Data:
When the data width is greater than 16 bits, any write to the CRCDATH register increments the
VWORD<4:0> bits by one. Writing the lower word into the CRCDATL register must be done
before writing the upper word into the CRCDATH register.
To accommodate the, MSb first shift method (LENDIAN = 0), byte and word swapping must be
done in software when filling the FIFO. Pictorial descriptions of FIFO for different data widths are
shown in the Figure 5-1, Figure 5-2 and Figure 5-3.
Note:
Ensure that the new data is not written into the CRCDATL and CRCDATH registers
when the CRCFUL bit is set; if the new data is written, it will be ignored.
When all shifts are done (the FIFO is empty and the CRC shift engine is Idle), it is possible to
change the FIFO width (DWIDTH<4:0> bits) without any information loss or CRC result damage.
DS30009729B-page 12
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Filling the FIFO Word Width 8 Bits
Figure 5-1:
Initial Conditions:
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
=
=
=
=
=
=
Code Executed to Fill the FIFO:
MOV.W
MOV.W
MOV.B
MOV.B
MOV.B
MOV.B
0x0201
0x0403
0x0005
0x0006
0x0007
0x0008
W1,
W2,
W3,
W4,
W5,
W6,
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
;
;
;
;
;
;
low
low
low
low
low
low
byte
byte
byte
byte
byte
byte
is written first, then high byte
is written first, then high byte
only
only
only
only
Resulting FIFO:
Figure 5-2:
Write
Location
Value
W6L
7
0x08
W5L
6
0x07
W4L
5
0x06
W3L
4
0x05
W2H
3
0x04
W2L
2
0x03
W1H
1
0x02
W1L
0
0x01
Filling the FIFO Word Width > 8 Bits and 16 Bits
Initial Conditions:
W1
W2
W3
W4
=
=
=
=
Code Executed to Fill the FIFO:
MOV.W
MOV.B
MOV.W
MOV.W
0x0A01
0x0B02
0x0C03
0x0D04
W1,
W2,
W3,
W4,
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
CRCDATL
;
;
;
;
word
low byte
word
word
Resulting FIFO:
Note 1:
Figure 5-3:
Write
Location
Value
W4
3
0x0D04
W3
2
0x0C03
W2L
1
0x-02(1)
W1
0
0x0A01
Values of “-” indicates that the FIFO contains stale data from previous operations due to the way in which it
was filled.
Filling the FIFO Word Width > 16 Bits and 32 Bits
Initial Conditions:
W1 = 0x0A01
W2 = 0x0B02
W3 = 0x0C03
W4 = 0x0D04
Code Executed to Fill the FIFO:
MOV.W W1, CRCDATL
MOV.W W2, CRCDATH
MOV.W W3, CRCDATL
MOV.W W4, CRCDATH
;
;
;
;
low word
high word, write to FIFO occurs here
low word
high word, write to FIFO occurs here
Word Width > 16 Bits and 32 Bits:
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Write
Location
Value
W4, W3
1
0x0D040C03
W2, W1
0
0x0B020A01
DS30009729B-page 13
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
5.5
CRC Engine Interface
5.5.1
FIFO TO CRC SHIFT ENGINE
To start moving the data from the FIFO to the CRC shift buffer, the CRCGO bit (CRCCON1<4>)
must be set. The serial shifter starts shifting data from the shift buffer to the CRC shift engine,
starting from the MSb first for LENDIAN = 0, and LSb first for LENDIAN = 1, when CRCGO = 1
and the value of VWORD<4:0> is greater than zero. If the CRCFUL bit was set earlier, then it is
cleared when the VWORDx bits decrement by one. The VWORD<4:0> bits decrement by one
when a FIFO location is moved to the shift buffer. The serial shifter continues shifting until the
VWORD<4:0> bits reach zero, at which point, the CRCMPT bit becomes set to indicate that the
FIFO is empty. If the CRCGO bit is reset manually during CRC calculation, then the CRC shift
engine will stop calculating until the CRCGO bit is set.
The application can write into the FIFO while the shift operation is in progress. The CRCFUL bit
should be monitored. If the CRCFUL bit is not set, another word can be written into the FIFO. At
least one instruction cycle must pass after a write to the CRCDAT registers, before a read of the
valid value of the VWORD<4:0> bits.
When the VWORD<4:0> bits reach the maximum value for the configured value of the
DWIDTH<4:0> bits, the CRCFUL bit becomes set. When the VWORDx bits reach zero, the
CRCMPT bit becomes set. The FIFO is emptied and the VWORD<4:0> bits are set to ‘00000’
whenever CRCEN is ‘0’.
The frequency of the CRC shift clock is twice that of the CPU instruction clock cycle, thus making
this hardware shifting process faster than a software shifter. This means that for a given data
width, it takes half that number of instructions for each word to complete the calculation. For
example, it takes 16 cycles to calculate the CRC for a single word of 32-bit data.
5.5.2
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTION CYCLES TO SHIFT DATA
The data from FIFO goes to the shift buffer. It takes 2 instruction cycles to start moving the data
words from FIFO to the shift buffer. The data from the shift buffer is then shifted to the CRC shift
engine. For a given value of the DWIDTH<4:0> bits, it will take (DWIDTH<4:0> + 1)/2 instruction
cycles to completely move the data from the shift buffer to the CRC shift engine. For example, if
DWIDTH<4:0> = 5, then the data length is 6 bits (DWIDTH<4:0> + 1) and 3 cycles are required
to shift the data. In this case, only 6 bits of a byte are shifted out. The two MSbs of each byte are
don’t care bits. Similarly, for a 12-bit polynomial selection, the Most Significant 4 bits of each word
are ignored.
5.5.3
CRC INITIAL VALUE
The direct write path to the CRC Shift registers is provided through the CRC write bus. This path is
accessed by the CPU through the CRCWDATL and CRCWDATH registers. These registers can
be loaded with a desired CRC initial value prior to the start of the calculations. The CRC initial value
must be in non-direct form. The non-direct form is a value for which the CRC is equal to the desired
CRC initial value (direct initial value). For example, if the application uses CRC-32 polynomial,
0x04C11DB7, and must start the calculations from the CRC direct initial value, 0xFFFFFFFF, then
the non-direct value, 0x46AF6449, must be loaded in the CRCWDATL and CRCWDATH registers
(the CRC of this non-direct value, 0x46AF6449, is 0xFFFFFFFF). When the non-direct initial value
is written into the shift engine using the CRCWDAT registers, it will be converted by the CRC
module to the direct initial value after (PLEN<4:0> + 1)/2 instruction cycles.
Note:
The write to CRCWDAT registers clears/resets the Shift Buffer.
Usually the CRC calculation starts from the same initial value every time. In this case, the
non-direct initial value can be found just once and then can be defined as a constant in the
application code.
Note:
DS30009729B-page 14
The CRC non-direct initial value of zero is zero.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 5-1 shows a possible software routine to get the non-direct initial value from the direct
initial value.
Example 5-1:
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
{
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
Software Routine to Calculate the Non-Direct Initial Value
long
long
long
char
CalculateNonDirectSeed(
seed,
polynomial,
polynomialOrder)
char
char
long
lsb;
i;
msbmask;
// direct CRC initial value
// polynomial
// polynomial order
msbmask = ((unsigned long)1)<<(polynomialOrder-1);
for (i=0; i<polynomialOrder; i++) {
lsb = seed & 1;
if (lsb) seed ^= polynomial;
seed >>= 1;
if (lsb) seed |= msbmask;
}
return
}
seed;
// return the non-direct CRC initial value
The CRC module can be used to get the non-direct initial value. To do this, the following steps
should be completed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Enable the CRC module (CRCEN = 1) and shifts (CRCGO = 1).
Shift the polynomial value right by one.
Reverse the bit order of the shifted polynomial value.
Write this result in the CRCXOR registers.
Set data width and polynomial length (DWIDTH<4:0> and PLEN<4:0> bits) to the
polynomial order (length).
Reverse the bit order of the desired direct initial value.
Write the reversed initial value in CRCWDAT registers.
Write a dummy data to the CRCDAT registers and wait 2 instruction cycles to move the
data from the FIFO to the shift buffer, and (PLEN<4:0> + 1)/2 instruction cycles to shift out
the result;
OR
Clear the CRC Interrupt Selection bit (CRCISEL = 0) to get the interrupt when shifts from
the shift buffer are done, clear CRC interrupt flag, write a dummy data in the CRCDAT
registers and wait for the CRC interrupt flag to set.
9. Read the value from CRCWDAT registers.
10. Reverse the bit order of the read result; it will give the final non-direct initial value.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 15
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Example 5-2 explains the steps described above.
Example 5-2:
Routine to Calculate the Non-Direct Initial Value Using the CRC Module
unsigned long
unsigned char
CalculateNonDirectSeed(unsigned long seed,
unsigned long polynomial,
polynomialOrder)
//
//
//
//
direct CRC initial value
polynomial
polynomial order (valid values are
8, 16, 32 bits)
//
//
//
//
//
enable CRC
interrupt when all shifts are done
data width
polynomial length
start CRC calculation
{
CRCCON1 = 0;
CRCCON2 = 0;
CRCCON1bits.CRCEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCISEL
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH
CRCCON2bits.PLEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO
=
=
=
=
=
1;
0;
polynomialOrder-1;
polynomialOrder-1;
1;
polynomial >>= 1;
// shift the polynomial right
polynomial = ReverseBitOrder(polynomial, polynomialOrder); //
//
CRCXORL = (unsigned short)(polynomial&0x0000FFFF);
//
CRCXORH = (unsigned short)(polynomial>>16);
seed = ReverseBitOrder(seed, polynomialOrder);
//
CRCWDATL = (unsigned short)(seed&0x0000FFFF);
//
CRCWDATH = (unsigned short)(seed>>16);
_CRCIF = 0;
switch(polynomialOrder)
reverse bits order of the
polynomial
set the reversed polynomial
reverse bits order of the seed value
set seed value
// clear interrupt flag
// load dummy data to shift out the
// seed result
{
case 8:
*((unsigned char*)&CRCDATL) = 0;
while(!_CRCIF);
seed = CRCWDATL&0x00ff;
case 16:
CRCDATL = 0;
while(!_CRCIF);
seed = CRCWDATL;
break;
case 32:
// load long
CRCDATL = 0;
CRCDATH = 0;
while(!_CRCIF);
seed = ((unsigned long)CRCWDATH<<16)|CRCWDATL;
break;
default:
;
// load byte
// wait until shifts are done
// read reversed seed
// load short
// wait until shifts are done
// read reversed seed
// wait for shifts are done
// read reversed seed
}
seed = ReverseBitOrder(seed, polynomialOrder);
return seed;
// reverse the bit order to get the
// non-direct seed
// return the non-direct CRC initial value
}
DS30009729B-page 16
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 5-2:
Routine to Calculate the Non-Direct Initial Value Using the CRC Module (Continued)
// WHERE THE FUNCTION TO REVERSE THE BIT ORDER CAN BE
unsigned long ReverseBitOrder(unsigned long data,
unsigned char numberOfBits)
{
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
long
long
long
char
// input data
// width of the input data,
// valid values are 8,16,32 bits
maskint = 0;
maskout = 0;
result = 0;
i;
switch(numberOfBits)
{
case 8:
maskin = 0x80;
maskout = 0x01;
break;
case 16:
maskin = 0x8000;
maskout = 0x0001;
break;
case 32:
maskin = 0x80000000;
maskout = 0x00000001;
break;
default:
;
}
for(i=0; i<numberOfBits; i++)
{
if(data&maskin){
result |= maskout;
}
maskint >>= 1;
maskout <<= 1;
}
return result;
}
To continue calculations of the full data message in the applications where the intermediate CRC
sums must be read in the middle of the calculations, the non-direct value must be calculated and
set to the CRCWDAT registers again. In this case, the CRC direct initial value will be an
intermediate CRC result read.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 17
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
5.5.4
CRC RESULT
The CRC module requires extra (PLEN<4:0> + 1)/2 instruction cycles to finish the calculations.
To generate these additional cycles, the dummy data, with the width equal to the polynomial
order (length), must be loaded into the CRCDAT registers. After the shifts are finished, the final
CRC result can be read from the CRCWDAT registers (the CRCWDAT registers provide the
direct access to the CRC Shift register).
After all data is loaded into the CRC module, the following steps should be done to get the final
CRC result. If the data width (DWIDTH<4:0> bits) is more than the polynomial length
(PLEN<4:0> bits):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Wait for the data FIFO to empty (CRCMPT bit is set).
Wait (DWIDTH<4:0> + 1)/2 instruction cycles to make sure that shifts from the shift buffer
are finished.
Change the data width to the polynomial length (DWIDTH<4:0> = PLEN<4:0>).
Write one dummy data word to the CRCDAT registers.
Wait 2 instruction cycles to move the data from the FIFO to the shift buffer and
(PLEN<4:0> + 1)/2 instruction cycles to shift out the result;
OR
Clear the CRC Interrupt Selection bit (CRCISEL = 0) to get the interrupt when all shifts are
done. Clear the CRC interrupt flag. Write dummy data in the CRCDAT registers and wait
until the CRC interrupt flag is set.
Read the final CRC result from the CRCWDAT registers.
Restore the data width (DWIDTH<4:0> bits) for further calculations (OPTIONAL).
If the data width (DWIDTH<4:0> bits) is equal to, or less than, the polynomial length (PLEN<4:0>
bits), the procedure to get the result can be different:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Clear the CRC Interrupt Selection bit (CRCISEL = 0) to get the interrupt when all shifts are
done.
Suspend the calculation by setting CRCGO = 0.
Clear the CRC interrupt flag.
Write the dummy data with the total data length equal to the polynomial length in the
CRCDAT registers.
Resume the calculation by setting CRCGO = 1.
Wait until the CRC interrupt flag is set.
Read the final CRC result from the CRCWDAT registers.
When the CRC result is achieved, the CRC non-direct initial value should be written again into
the CRCWDAT registers to clear/reset the shift buffer from the previously loaded dummy data to
start a new calculation.
DS30009729B-page 18
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 5-3 shows the steps described above for the polynomial orders of 8, 16 and 32 bits.
Example 5-3:
Routine to Get the Final CRC Result
unsigned long
unsigned char
{
unsigned long
GetCRC(unsigned char polynomialOrder,
currentDataWidth)
// valid values are 8,16,32
// valid values are 8,16,32
crc = 0;
while(!CRCCON1bits.CRCMPT);
// wait until data FIFO is empty
asm
volatile ("repeat %0\n nop" : : "r"(currentDataWidth>>1)); //
//
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH = polynomialOrder-1;
//
//
CRCCON1bits.CRCISEL = 0;
//
_CRCIF = 0;
wait until previous data
shifts are done
set data width to polynomial
length
interrupt when all shifts are done
// clear interrupt flag
switch(polynomialOrder)
{
case 8:
*((unsigned char*)&CRCDATL) = 0;
while(!_CRCIF);
crc = CRCWDATL&0x00ff;
break;
case 16:
CRCDATL = 0;
while(!_CRCIF);
crc = CRCWDATL;
break;
case 32:
CRCDATL = 0;
CRCDATH = 0;
while(!_CRCIF);
crc = ((unsigned long)CRCWDATH<<16)|CRCWDATL;
break;
default:
;
}
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH = currentDataWidth-1;
return crc;
//
//
//
//
polynomial length is 8 bits
load byte
wait until shifts are done
get crc
//
//
//
//
polynomial length is 16 bits
load short
wait until shifts are done
get crc
// polynomial length is 32 bits
// load long
// wait until shifts are done
// get crc
// restore data width for further
// calculations
// return the final CRC value
}
5.6
Interrupt Operation
The module generates an interrupt that is configurable by the user for either of the two conditions.
If CRCISEL is ‘1’, an interrupt is generated when the VWORD<4:0> bits make a transition from
a value of ‘1’ to ‘0’. If CRCISEL is ‘0’, an interrupt will be generated when the FIFO is empty and
shifts from the shift buffer are finished.
The table in Section 9.0 “Register Maps” details the Interrupt register associated with
the CRC module. For more details on interrupts and interrupt priority settings, refer to the
“Interrupts” section in the “dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual”.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 19
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
6.0
ADVANTAGES OF PROGRAMMABLE CRC MODULE
The CRC algorithm is straightforward to implement in software. However, it requires considerable
CPU bandwidth to implement the basic requirements, such as shift, bit test and XOR. Moreover,
CRC calculation is an iterative process and additional software overhead for data transfer
instructions puts enormous burden on the MIPS requirement of a microcontroller.
The CRC engine in the dsPIC33/PIC24 devices calculates the CRC checksum without CPU
intervention; moreover, it is much faster than the software implementation. The CRC engine
consumes only half of an instruction cycle per bit for its calculation as the frequency of the CRC
shift clock is twice that of the dsPIC33/PIC24 instruction clock cycle. For example, the CRC
hardware engine takes only about 64 instruction cycles to calculate a CRC checksum on a
message that is 128 bits (16x8) long. If the same calculation is implemented in software, it will
consume more than a thousand instruction cycles, even for an optimized piece of code.
7.0
APPLICATION OF CRC MODULE
Calculating a CRC is a robust error checking algorithm in digital communication for messages
containing several bytes or words. After calculation, the checksum is appended to the message
and transmitted to the receiving station. The receiver calculates the checksum with the received
message to verify the data integrity.
7.1
Variations
The 32-bit programmable CRC module of the dsPIC33/PIC24 devices can be programmed to
shift out either the MSb or LSb first. MSb first is a popular implementation as employed in
XMODEM protocol. In one of the variations (CCITT protocol) for CRC calculation, the LSb is
shifted out first. Discussions on all the variations are beyond the scope of this document, but
several variations of CRC can be implemented using the 32-bit programmable CRC module in
dsPIC33/PIC24 devices.
The choice of the polynomial length, and the polynomial itself, are application dependent.
Polynomial lengths of 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 32 are normally used in various standard
implementations. The following sections explain the recommended step-by-step procedure for
CRC calculation. Users can decide whether zeros, or any other values, need to be appended to
the message stream. Depending on the application, the user may decide whether any value
needs to be appended at all.
7.2
Typical Operation
To use the module for a typical CRC calculation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
DS30009729B-page 20
Set the CRCEN bit to enable the module.
Configure the module for desired operation:
a) Program the desired polynomial using the CRCXOR registers and PLEN<4:0> bits.
b) Configure the data width and shift direction using the DWIDTH<4:0> and LENDIAN
bits.
Set the CRCGO bit to start the calculations.
Set the desired CRC non-direct initial value by writing to the CRCWDAT registers.
Load all data into the FIFO by writing to the CRCDAT registers as space becomes
available (the CRCFUL bit must be zero before the next data loading).
Wait until the data FIFO is empty (CRCMPT bit is set).
Read the CRC result as described in Section 5.5.4 “CRC Result”.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 7-1, Example 7-2, Example 7-3, Example 7-4 and Example 7-5 provide examples for
different combinations between polynomial length, data width and shift direction.
Example 7-1:
8-Bit Polynomial with 32-Bit Data Width When MSb is Shifted First (CRC SMBus)
// ASCII bytes "12345678"
unsigned char __attribute__((aligned(2))) message[] = {'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8'};
volatile
volatile
unsigned char crcResultCRCSMBUS = 0;
int main
(void)
{
unsigned
short* pointer;
unsigned
short
length;
unsigned
short
data_high;
unsigned
short
data_low;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// standard CRC-SMBUS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define
#define
CRCSMBUS_POLYNOMIAL
CRCSMBUS_SEED_VALUE
((unsigned short)0x0007)
((unsigned short)0x0000) // non-direct of 0x00
CRCCON1 = 0;
CRCCON2 = 0;
CRCCON1bits.CRCEN
CRCCON1bits.LENDIAN
CRCCON1bits.CRCISEL
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH
CRCCON2bits.PLEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO
=
=
=
=
=
=
1;
0;
0;
32-1;
8-1;
1;
//
//
//
//
//
//
enable CRC
big endian
interrupt when all shifts are done
32-bit data width
8-bit polynomial order
start CRC calculation
CRCXORL = CRCSMBUS_POLYNOMIAL;
CRCXORH = 0;
// set polynomial
CRCWDATL = CRCSMBUS_SEED_VALUE;
CRCWDATH = 0;
// set initial value
pointer = (unsigned short*)message;
length = sizeof(message)/sizeof(unsigned long);
while(length--)
{
// calculate CRC
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 21
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Example 7-1:
8-Bit Polynomial with 32-Bit Data Width When MSb is Shifted First (CRC SMBus) (Continued)
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
data_low = *pointer++;
data_high = *pointer++;
// wait if FIFO is full
// load from little endian
volatile ("swap %0" : "+r"(data_low)); // swap bytes for big endian
volatile ("swap %0" : "+r"(data_high));
asm
asm
CRCDATL = data_high;
CRCDATH = data_low;
// 32-bit word access to FIFO
// swap 16-bit words for big endian
}
while(!CRCCON1bits.CRCMPT);
// wait until FIFO is empty
asm
// wait until previous data shifts are done
// 16 cycles maximum for 32-bit data width
volatile ("repeat #16-#2\n nop");
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH = 8-1;
// 8-bit
// switch data width to polynomial length
_CRCIF = 0;
// clear the interrupt flag
// dummy data to shift out the CRC result
*((unsigned char*)&CRCDATL) = 0;
// byte access to FIFO
while(!_CRCIF);
crcResultCRCSMBUS = CRCWDATL&0x00ff;
// wait until shifts are done
// get CRC result (must be 0xC7)
while(1);
return 1;
}
DS30009729B-page 22
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 7-2:
16-Bit Polynomial with 16-Bit Data Width When LSb is Shifted First (CRC 16)
// ASCII bytes "87654321"
volatile
unsigned
short message[] = {0x3738,0x3536,0x3334,0x3132};
volatile
unsigned
int main
{
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
(void)
short*
short
short
short crcResultCRC16 = 0;
pointer;
length;
data;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// standard CRC-16
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define
CRC16_POLYNOMIAL ((unsigned short)0x8005)
#define
CRC16_SEED_VALUE ((unsigned short)0x0000)
// non-direct of 0x0000
CRCCON1 = 0;
CRCCON2 = 0;
CRCCON1bits.CRCEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCISEL
CRCCON1bits.LENDIAN
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH
CRCCON2bits.PLEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO
=
=
=
=
=
=
1;
0;
1;
16-1;
16-1;
1;
//
//
//
//
//
//
enable CRC
interrupt when all shifts are done
little endian
16-bit data width
16-bit polynomial order
start CRC calculation
CRCXORL = CRC16_POLYNOMIAL;
CRCXORH = 0;
// set polynomial
CRCWDATL = CRC16_SEED_VALUE;
CRCWDATH = 0;
// set initial value
pointer = (unsigned short*)message;
lengthr = sizeof(message)/sizeof(unsigned short);
// calculate CRC
while(length--)
{
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
// wait if FIFO is full
data = *pointer++;
// load data
CRCDATL = data;
// 16-bit word access to FIFO
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
// wait if FIFO is full
}
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 23
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Example 7-2:
16-Bit Polynomial with 16-Bit Data Width When LSb is Shifted First (CRC 16) (Continued)
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO = 0;
// suspend CRC calculation to clear interrupt flag
_CRCIFt = 0;
// clear interrupt flag
CRCDATL = 0;
// load dummy data to shift out the CRC result
// data width must be equal to polynomial length
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO = 1;
// resume CRC calculation
while(!_CRCIF);
// wait until shifts are done
crcResultCRC16 = CRCWDATL;
// get CRC result (must be 0xE716)
while(1);
return 1;
}
DS30009729B-page 24
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 7-3:
16-Bit Polynomial with 16-Bit Data Width When MSb is Shifted First (CRC CCITT)
// ASCII bytes "87654321"
volatile
unsigned short message[] = {0x3738,0x3536,0x3334,0x3132};
volatile
unsigned short crcResultCRCCCITT = 0;
int main
{
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
(void)
short*
short
short
pointer;
length;
data;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// standard CRC-CCITT
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define
CRCCCITT_POLYNOMIAL
((unsigned short)0x1021)
#define
CRCCCITT_SEED_VALUE
((unsigned short)0x84CF) // non-direct of 0xffff
CRCCON1 = 0;
CRCCON2 = 0;
CRCCON1bits.CRCEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCISEL
CRCCON1bits.LENDIAN
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH
CRCCON2bits.PLEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO
=
=
=
=
=
=
1;
0;
0;
16-1;
16-1;
1;
//
//
//
//
//
//
enable CRC
interrupt when all shifts are done
big endian
16-bit data width
16-bit polynomial order
start CRC calculation
CRCXORL = CRCCCITT_POLYNOMIAL;
CRCXORH = 0;
// set polynomial
CRCWDATL = CRCCCITT_SEED_VALUE;
CRCWDATH = 0;
// set initial value
pointer = (unsigned short*)message;
lengthr = sizeof(message)/sizeof(unsigned short);
// calculate CRC
while(length--)
{
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
// wait if FIFO is full
data = *pointer++;
// load data
asm
// swap bytes for big endian
volatile ("swap %0" : "+r"(data));
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 25
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Example 7-3:
16-Bit Polynomial with 16-Bit Data Width When MSb is Shifted First (CRC CCITT) (Continued)
CRCDATL = data;
}
// 16 bit word access to FIFO
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
// wait if FIFO is full
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO = 0;
// suspend CRC calculation to clear interrupt flag
_CRCIF = 0;
// clear interrupt flag
CRCDATL = 0;
// load dummy data to shift out the CRC result
// data width must be equal to polynomial length
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO = 1;
// resume CRC calculation
while(!_CRCIF);
// wait until shifts are done
crcResultCRCCCITT = CRCWDATL;
// get CRC result (must be 0x9B4D)
while(1);
return 1;
}
DS30009729B-page 26
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 7-4:
32-Bit Polynomial with 32-Bit Data Width When LSb is Shifted First (CRC 32)
// ASCII bytes "12345678"
char __attribute__((aligned(4))) message[] = {'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8'};
volatile unsigned
// function to reverse the bit order (OPTIONAL)
unsigned long
ReverseBitOrder(unsigned long data);
volatile
unsigned
long crcResultCRC32 = 0;
int main(void)
{
unsigned short*
pointer;
unsigned short
length;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// standard CRC-32
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define
CRC32_POLYNOMIAL
((unsigned long)0x04C11DB7)
#define
CRC32_SEED_VALUE
((unsigned long)0x46AF6449)
// non-direct of 0xffffffff
CRCCON1 = 0;
CRCCON2 = 0;
CRCCON1bits.CRCEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCISEL
CRCCON1bits.LENDIAN
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH
CRCCON2bits.PLEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO
=
=
=
=
=
=
1;
0;
1;
32-1;
32-1;
1;
//
//
//
//
//
//
enable CRC
interrupt when all shifts are done
little endian
32-bit data width
32-bit polynomial order
start CRC calculation
CRCXORL = CRC32_POLYNOMIAL&0x0000ffff;
CRCXORH = CRC32_POLYNOMIAL>>16;
// set polynomial
CRCWDATL = CRC32_SEED_VALUE&0x0000ffff;
CRCWDATH = CRC32_SEED_VALUE>>16;
// set initial value
pointer = (unsigned short*)message;
lengthr = sizeof(message)/sizeof(unsigned long);
while(length--)
{
// calculate CRC
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
// wait if FIFO is full
CRCDATL = *pointer++;
CRCDATH = *pointer++;
// 32-bit word access to FIFO
// must be written first
// must be written last
}
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
// wait if FIFO is full
DS30009729B-page 27
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Example 7-4:
32-Bit Polynomial with 32-Bit Data Width When LSb is Shifted First (CRC 32) (Continued)
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO = 0;
// suspend CRC calculation to clear interrupt flag
_CRCIF = 0;
// clear interrupt flag
CRCDATL = 0;
CRCDATH = 0;
// dummy data to shift out the CRC result
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO = 1;
// resume CRC calculation
while(!_CRCIF);
// wait until shifts are done
crcResultCRC32 = ((unsigned long)CRCWDATH<<16)|CRCWDATL;
// get the final CRC result
crcResultCRC32 = ~ReverseBitOrder(crcResultCRC32);
// OPTIONAL
// reverse CRC value bit order and
// invert (must be 0x9AE0DAAF)
while(1);
return 1;
}
unsigned
{
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
long
ReverseBitOrder(unsigned long data)
long
long
long
char
maskin;
maskout;
result = 0;
i;
maskin = 0x80000000;
maskout = 0x00000001;
for(i=0; i<32; i++)
{
if(data&maskin){
result |= maskout;
}
maskint >>= 1;
maskout <<= 1;
}
return result;
}
DS30009729B-page 28
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Example 7-5:
32-Bit Polynomial with Switched Data Width When MSb is Shifted First
// ASCII bytes "12345678"
volatile
unsigned long
message1[] = {0x34333231,0x38373635};
// ASCII bytes "123"
volatile
unsigned char
message2[] = {'1','2','3'};
volatile
crcResultCRC32 = 0;
unsigned long
int main(void)
{
unsigned
char*
unsigned
short*
unsigned
short
#define
#define
pointer8;
pointer16;
length;
CRC32_POLYNOMIAL
CRC32_SEED_VALUE
((unsigned long)0x04C11DB7)
((unsigned long)0x46AF6449)
// non-direct of 0xffffffff
CRCCON1 = 0;
CRCCON2 = 0;
CRCCON1bits.CRCEN
CRCCON1bits.LENDIAN
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH
CRCCON2bits.PLEN
CRCCON1bits.CRCGO
=
=
=
=
=
1;
1;
32-1;
32-1;
1;
//
//
//
//
//
enable CRC
little endian
32-bit data width
32-bit polynomial order
start CRC calculation
CRCXORL = CRC32_POLYNOMIAL&0x0000ffff;
CRCXORH = CRC32_POLYNOMIAL>>16;
// set polynomial
CRCWDATL = CRC32_SEED_VALUE&0x0000ffff;
CRCWDATH = CRC32_SEED_VALUE>>16;
// set initial value
pointer16 = (unsigned short*)message1;
lengthttt = sizeof(message1)/sizeof(unsigned long);
while(length--)
{
// calculate CRC
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
// wait if FIFO is full
DS30009729B-page 29
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
Example 7-5:
32-Bit Polynomial with Switched Data Width When MSb is Shifted First (Continued)
CRCDATL = *pointer16++;
CRCDATH = *pointer16++;
// 32-bit word access to FIFO
// must be written first
// must be written last
}
while(!CRCCON1bits.CRCMPT);
// wait until previous
// data shifts are done
// wait until FIFO is empty
asm
// 16 cycles maximum for 32-bit data
volatile
("repeat #16-#2\n nop");
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH = 8-1;
// switch the data width to 8-bit
pointer8 = (unsigned char*)message2;
// calculate CRC
lengthtt = sizeof(message2)/sizeof(unsigned char);
while(length--)
{
while(CRCCON1bits.CRCFUL);
// wait if FIFO is full
*((unsigned char*)&CRCDATL) = *pointer8++;
// byte access to FIFO
}
while(!CRCCON1bits.CRCMPT);
asm
volatile
("repeat #4-#2\n nop");
CRCCON2bits.DWIDTH = 32-1;
CRCDATL = 0;
CRCDATH = 0;
asm
volatile
// wait until FIFO is empty
// wait until previous data shifts are done
// 4 cycles maximum for 8-bit data
// switch the data width to polynomial length
// 32-bit
// dummy data to shift out the CRC result
("repeat #2+#16-#2\n nop");
//
//
//
//
delay 2 cycles to move data from FIFO
to shift buffer
and 16 cycles for 32-bit word to shift out
the final result
crcResultCRC32 = ((unsigned long)CRCWDATH<<16)|CRCWDATL;
// get the final CRC result
// (must be0xE092727E)
while(1);
return 1;
}
DS30009729B-page 30
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
8.0
OPERATION IN POWER SAVE MODES
8.1
Sleep Mode
If Sleep mode is entered while the module is operating, the module is suspended in its current
state until clock execution resumes.
8.2
Idle Mode
To continue full module operation in Idle mode, the CSIDL bit must be cleared prior to entry into
the mode.
If CSIDL = 1, the module behaves the same way as it does in Sleep mode; pending interrupt
events will be passed on, even though the module clocks are not available.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 31
REGISTER MAPS
A summary of the Special Function Registers associated with the dsPIC33/PIC24 32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) module is provided in Table 9-1.
Table 9-1:
File Name
Special Function Registers Associated with the Programmable CRC Module(1)
Bit 15
Bit 14
Bit 13
Bit 12
Bit 11
Bit 10
Bit 9
Bit 8
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
All
Resets
0040
CRCCON1
CRCEN
—
CSIDL
VWORD4 VWORD3 VWORD2 VWORD1 VWORD0
CRCFUL
CRCGO
LENDIAN
—
—
—
CRCCON2
—
—
—
DWIDTH4 DWIDTH3 DWIDTH2 DWIDTH1 DWIDTH0
—
—
—
PLEN4
PLEN3
PLEN2
PLEN1
PLEN0
0000
CRCXORL
X15
X14
X13
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
X1
—
0000
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
CRCMPT CRCISEL
Bit 4
CRCXORH
X31
X30
X29
X28
X27
X26
X25
X24
X23
X22
X21
X20
X19
X18
X17
X16
0000
CRCDATL
DATA15
DATA14
DATA13
DATA12
DATA11
DATA10
DATA9
DATA8
DATA7
DATA6
DATA5
DATA4
DATA3
DATA2
DATA1
DATA0
0000
CRCDATH
DATA31
DATA30
DATA29
DATA28
DATA27
DATA26
DATA25
DATA24
DATA23
DATA22
DATA21
DATA20
DATA19
DATA18
DATA17
DATA16
0000
SDATA6
SDATA5
SDATA4
SDATA3
SDATA2
SDATA1
SDATA0
0000
SDATA21 SDATA20
SDATA19
SDATA18
SDATA17 SDATA16
0000
CRCWDATL
SDATA15 SDATA14
SDATA13
SDATA12
SDATA11
SDATA10
SDATA9
SDATA8
SDATA7
CRCWDATH
SDATA31 SDATA30
SDATA29
SDATA28
SDATA27
SDATA26
SDATA25
SDATA24
SDATA23 SDATA22
IFS4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
CRCIF
U2ERIF
U1ERIF
—
0000
IEC4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
CRCIE
U2ERIE
U1ERIE
—
0000
IPC16
—
CRCIP2
CRCIP1
CRCIP0
—
U2ERIP2
U2ERIP1
U2ERIP0
—
U1ERIP2
U1ERIP1
U1ERIP0
—
—
—
—
4440
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded bits are not used in the operation of the programmable CRC module.
Note 1: Refer to the specific device data sheet for memory map details.
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
DS30009729B-page 32
9.0
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
10.0
RELATED APPLICATION NOTES
This section lists application notes that are related to this section of the manual. These
application notes may not be written specifically for the dsPIC33/PIC24 device family, but the
concepts are pertinent and could be used with modification and possible limitations. The current
application notes related to the 32-Bit Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) are:
Title
Application Note #
No related application notes at this time.
Note:
Please visit the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com) for additional application
notes and code examples for the dsPIC33/PIC24 family of devices.
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30009729B-page 33
dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual
11.0
REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (April 2009)
This is the initial released revision of this document.
Revision B (August 2013)
This revision includes the following changes:
• Changed the document name from PIC24F Family Reference Manual to dsPIC33/PIC24
Family Reference Manual.
• Revised description of CRCISEL in Register 3-1.
• Added additional information to Section 5.3 “Data Shift Direction”.
• Added additional information to Section 5.4 “FIFO”.
• Made corrections to Figure 5-1, Figure 5-2 and Figure 5-3.
• Revised Section 5.5 “CRC Engine Interface”.
• Revised Section 5.6 “Interrupt Operation” and added code examples.
• Revised Section 7.2 “Typical Operation” and added code examples.
• Minor grammatical corrections throughout the document.
DS30009729B-page 34
© 2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR
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intellectual property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
FlashFlex, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro,
PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash
and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
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MTP, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions
Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of
Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, BodyCom,
chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM,
dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB
Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
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Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock, ZENA
and Z-Scale are trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
GestIC and ULPP are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of
Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2009-2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in
the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
ISBN: 978-1-62077-400-7
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CERTIFIED BY DNV
== ISO/TS 16949 ==
2009-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide
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Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
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and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
DS30009729B-page 35
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