Pinjarra Refinery HRA December 2014

Revision of Pinjarra Refinery
Health Risk Screening
Assessment
Prepared for:
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
Prepared by:
ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd
Date:
December 2014
Project Number:
AS110754
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Prepared by:
Authorised by:
Name:
Karla Hinkley
Name:
Brian Bell
Title:
Senior Environmental Engineer
Title:
Principal
Phone:
+61 8 9225 5199
Phone:
+61 8 9225 5199
Email:
[email protected]
Email:
[email protected]
Signature:
Date:
11-Dec-2014
Signature:
Date:
11-Dec-2014
This document is issued to Alcoa of Australia Ltd for the purposes of investigating the potential health
risk arising from atmospheric emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery for the proposed increase in the
alumina production capacity up to 5 Mtpa. It should not be used for any other purpose.
The report must not be reproduced in whole or in part except with the prior consent of ENVIRON
Australia Pty Ltd and subject to inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source. No information as to
the contents or subject matter of this document or any part thereof may be communicated in any
manner to any third party without the prior consent of ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd.
Whilst reasonable attempts have been made to ensure that the contents of this report are accurate
and complete at the time of writing, ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd disclaims any responsibility for loss or
damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents
of this report.
© ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd
VERSION CONTROL RECORD
Date Issued
Document File
Name
AS110754 – Revision of
Version
Author
Reviewer
3 December 2014
External Draft
Karla Hinkley
Brian Bell
10 December 2014
Revised Draft
Karla Hinkley
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Final
Karla Hinkley
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening
Assessment_141203_D1.docx
AS110754 – Revision of
Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening
Assessment_141210_D2.docx
AS110754 – Revision of
Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening
Assessment_141211_Final
AS110754
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Refinery\Report\Final Report\AS110754 - Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment_141211_Final.docx
ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Executive Summary
Alcoa of Australia Limited (Alcoa) is proposing to incrementally increase the alumina
production capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery from 4.2 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) up to 5
Mtpa, which would also be associated with an equivalent increase in the residue production
rate. Alcoa is seeking approval for this increase pursuant to section 45C of the
Environmental Protection Act 1986, as a ‘non-substantial’ change to the Pinjarra Efficiency
Upgrade (PEU) project that was granted Ministerial Approval (Ministerial Statement 646) in
2004.
In 2008, ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd (ENVIRON) conducted a screening assessment of the
potential health risks arising from atmospheric emissions from the Upgraded Pinjarra
Refinery, operating at a nominal alumina production rate of 4.2 Mtpa, following
implementation of the PEU (ENVIRON, 2008). Alcoa commissioned ENVIRON to revise the
screening assessment to determine the potential health risks arising from atmospheric
emissions associated with the proposed increase up to 5 Mtpa alumina production capacity
of the Pinjarra Refinery.
The approach used to conduct the revised screening assessment is broadly consistent with
the approach used for the previous (ENVIRON, 2008) screening assessment. Changes to
the health protective guidelines that have occurred since 2008 have been identified and
incorporated into the revised screening assessment, to ensure the most current guideline
values are applied. The approach used previously for the acute exposure assessment was
also modified to reduce overly conservative estimates of potential acute non-carcinogenic
health risks.
The revised screening assessment of the potential health risk arising from atmospheric
emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery has been conducted using emission estimates derived
by Alcoa for refinery point sources, fugitive sources including the Residue Storage Area
(RSA) and bauxite stockpiles, and also for Alinta Energy Limited’s (Alinta) Pinjarra
Cogeneration Plant which is located at the Pinjarra Refinery and operated by Alcoa on
behalf of Alinta.
A number of different scenarios have been defined by Alcoa to represent emissions from the
Pinjarra Refinery for the currently approved alumina production capacity of 4.2 Mtpa, and for
the proposed increase in the alumina production capacity up to 5 Mtpa. The basis for the
emission estimates derived by Alcoa (i.e. forecast, actual, or predicted) differs between
scenarios. The operation of the Alinta Cogeneration Plant at less than full load (part load)
has also been included as a 2015 scenario.
The revised screening assessment considered the health risk associated with the same list
of compounds that was considered in the previous screening assessment. The list of
compounds comprised of 21 individual compounds (or groups of compounds), that can be
grouped into the following classes: particulates, products of combustion, metals, ammonia,
organic compounds, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and dioxins and furans.
AS110754
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Discrete receptor locations were identified around the Pinjarra Refinery to represent the
populations or individual residences that could be potentially exposed to atmospheric
emissions. Three of the discrete receptor locations that were included in the previous
screening assessment have not been included in the revised screening assessment as they
are no longer used as residences.
The potential health effects arising from the predicted short-term (acute) and long-term
(chronic) exposure to non-carcinogenic compounds, and potential carcinogenic risks were
considered in the screening assessment. The potential health effects were assessed by
comparing the predicted exposure concentrations at the discrete receptor locations with
health protective guidelines for ambient air developed by reputable authorities such as the
National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), World Health Organisation (WHO) and the
U.S Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
The results of the revised health risk screening assessment for atmospheric emissions from
the Pinjarra Refinery indicate that, in relation to the proposed increased in the alumina
production capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery up to 5 Mtpa, the potential for emissions to
cause acute or chronic non-carcinogenic health effects is low. The results of the screening
assessment indicate that the potential for emissions to contribute to the incidence of cancer
in the exposed population is also low.
In general, the proposed increase in the alumina production capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery
is expected to result in an increase in the quantitative health risk indicators of the order of
10% or less at most of the receptor locations. The increases are not considered significant
as they do not affect the outcomes of the previous assessment (ENVIRON, 2008) in terms of
potential health effects.
As with any risk evaluation, there are areas of uncertainty in this screening assessment. To
ensure that potential risks are not underestimated, uniformly conservative assumptions have
been used to characterise exposure and toxicity. Due to the resultant compounding of
conservatism, the quantitative risk indicators should be considered as over-estimates of
potential health risks associated with emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery.
AS110754
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Contents
Page
1 Introduction
1 2 Overview of the Screening Assessment Approach
2 3 Exposure Assessment
3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 Toxicity Assessment
Non-Carcinogenic Effects
Short-term (Acute) Exposure
Long-term (Chronic) Exposure
Carcinogenic Effects
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Dioxins and Furans
Revisions to Health Protective Guidelines
7 8 8 8 9 10 11 12 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.5 Risk Characterisation
Quantitative Risk Indicators
Acute Non-Carcinogenic Effects
Chronic Non-Carcinogenic Effects
Carcinogenic Effects
Irritancy
Uncertainties Associated with Calculated Risks
Emissions Characterisation and Quantification Uncertainty
Estimation of Exposure Concentration Uncertainty
Exposure Assumptions Uncertainty
Toxicity Assessment Uncertainty
Risk Characterisation Uncertainty
15 15 17 22 26 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 6 Summary
31 7 7.1 References
Previous reports
33 34 8 8.1 Limitations
User Reliance
35 35 AS110754
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
List of Figures
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Figure 9:
Location of Receptors in Relation to the Pinjarra Refinery
Maximum Acute Hazard Index for Scenarios 1 – 4
Contours of the Maximum Acute Hazard Index for Scenarios 2 and 4
Contours of the 9th Highest Acute Hazard Index for Scenarios 2 and 4
Chronic Hazard Index for Scenarios 1 – 4
Contours of the Chronic Hazard Index for Scenarios 2 and 4
Incremental Carcinogenic Risk for Scenarios 1 – 4
Contours of the Incremental Carcinogenic Risk for Scenarios 1A and 4
Contours of the Incremental Carcinogenic Risk for Scenarios 2 and 4
List of Tables
Table 1: Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6: Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Scenarios
Receptor Locations
IARC Classification Criteria
IARC Compound Classifications
Relative Potency of Individual PAH Compounds
Revisions to Health Protective Guidelines
Summary of Acute Hazard Indices
Contribution of Individual Compounds to Acute HI – Scenarios 3 and 4
Summary of Chronic Hazard Indices
Contribution of Individual Compounds to Chronic HI – Scenarios 3 and 4
Summary of Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Contribution of Individual Compounds to ICR – Scenarios 3 and 4
4 5 9 9 11 12 18 20 22 24 26 27 List of Appendices
Appendix A:
Appendix B:
AS110754
Tabulated Data and Results
Post Processing of Modelling Files
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ATSDR:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CO:
Carbon monoxide
CICAD:
Concise Internal Chemical Assessment Document
GLC:
Ground-level Concentration
HI:
Hazard Index
IRIS:
Integrated Risk Information System
ILO:
International Labour Organisation
IPCS:
International Programme on Chemical Safety
IOMC:
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals
IARC:
International Agency for Research on Cancer
ICR:
Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Mtpa:
Million tonnes per annum
MRL:
Minimal Risk Levels
NEPC:
National Environment Protection Council
NOx:
Oxides of nitrogen
NO2:
Nitrogen dioxide
OEHHA:
Office of Environmental Health Hazarded Assessment
PAH:
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PM10:
Particulate Matter with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm
PM2.5:
Particulate Matter with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm
PEU:
Pinjarra Efficiency Upgrade
REL:
Reference Exposure Level
RIVM:
Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment
RSA:
Residue Storage Area
UNEP:
United Nations Environment Programme
US EPA:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
UR:
Unit Risk factor
VOC:
Volatile Organic Compound
WHO:
World Health Organisation
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 1
1 Introduction
Alcoa of Australia Limited (Alcoa) is proposing to incrementally increase the alumina
production capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery from 4.2 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) up to 5
Mtpa, which would also be associated with an equivalent increase in the residue production
rate. Alcoa is seeking approval for this increase pursuant to section 45C of the
Environmental Protection Act 1986, as a ‘non-substantial’ change to the Pinjarra Efficiency
Upgrade (PEU) project that was granted Ministerial Approval (Ministerial Statement 646) in
2004.
In 2008, ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd (ENVIRON) conducted a screening assessment of the
potential health risks arising from atmospheric emissions from the Upgraded Pinjarra
Refinery, operating at an alumina production rate of 4.2 Mtpa, following implementation of
the PEU (ENVIRON, 2008). This previous assessment considered atmospheric emissions
from the refinery point sources, and fugitive emission sources such as the Residue Storage
Area (RSA), and was based on improved emission estimates derived from the results of a
comprehensive stack emission monitoring program undertaken by Alcoa, and the findings of
studies to evaluate fugitive emissions (Ecowise, 2007) (ENVIRON, 2007).
Alcoa commissioned ENVIRON to revise the screening assessment to determine the
potential health risks arising from atmospheric emissions associated with the proposed
incremental increase up to 5 Mtpa alumina production capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery. The
approach used to conduct the revised screening assessment is broadly consistent with the
approach used for the previous (ENVIRON, 2008) screening assessment.
Changes to the health protective guidelines that have occurred since 2008, due to
advancement in scientific understanding of the potential health effects of certain compounds
have been identified and incorporated into the revised screening assessment, to ensure the
most current guideline values are applied. The approach used previously for the acute
exposure assessment was also modified to reduce overly conservative estimates of potential
acute non-carcinogenic health risks.
This report outlines the approach used to conduct the revised health risk screening
assessment, and presents the results of potential acute and chronic non-carcinogenic and
carcinogenic health risks arising from atmospheric emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery at
discrete receptor locations in the vicinity of the Pinjarra Refinery.
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 2
2 Overview of the Screening Assessment Approach
Risk assessment provides a systematic approach for characterising the nature and
magnitude of the risks associated with environmental health hazards, and is an important
tool for decision-making. The generic steps involved in health risk assessment include:
Exposure Assessment:
defines the amount, frequency, duration and routes of exposure
to compounds present in environmental media. In this
assessment, exposure is estimated as the concentration of a
compound that a person may be exposed to over both short- (i.e.
acute) and long-term (i.e. chronic) exposure periods;
Toxicity Assessment:
identifies the nature and degree of toxicity of chemical
compounds, and characterises the relationship between
magnitude of exposure and adverse health effects (i.e. the doseresponse relationship);
Risk Characterisation:
the combining of exposure and toxicity data to estimate the
magnitude of potential health risks associated with exposure
periods of interest; and
Uncertainty Assessment:
identification of potential sources of uncertainty and qualitative
discussion of the magnitude of uncertainty and expected effects
on risk estimates.
This health risk assessment conducted of the Pinjarra Refinery’s emissions is considered to
be a screening-level assessment in that it makes generally conservative default assumptions
regarding the potential magnitude of exposure and uses conservative toxicity criteria. The
quantitative health risk indicators calculated for potential acute and chronic health effects are
based on the assumption that the health effects arising from exposure to each of the
individual compounds emitted from the Pinjarra Refinery are additive. The additive approach
is considered to be appropriate for screening assessment purposes, and is considered to be
conservative (i.e. health protective) in most circumstances. It should however be noted that
it does not account for potential synergistic effects.
On account of the conservatism of such a screening assessment, the results are considered
more likely to over- than under-estimate the potential health risks associated with
atmospheric emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery. The results of the screening assessment
are able to be used to assess the relative change to potential health risks associated with
the proposed increase in the alumina production capacity, and identify the individual sources
and compounds exhibiting the highest contribution to potential health risks in order to help
define atmospheric emissions management strategies.
AS110754
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 3
3 Exposure Assessment
3.1 Compounds Considered
The same list of compounds that was considered in the previous screening assessment has
been included in the revised screening assessment. The list of compounds comprised of 21
individual compounds (or groups of compounds), that can be grouped into the following
classes:

particulates;

products of combustion;

metals;

ammonia;

organic compounds;

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs); and

dioxins and furans.
This list of compounds was originally derived for a previous health risk assessment
conducted for the Pinjarra Refinery in 2003 (Toxikos, 2003) (excluding PM2.5) on the basis
that the emissions of these compounds represented over 90% of the total mass of emissions
previously estimated for the Pinjarra Refinery (ENVIRON, 2003).
It should be noted that this previous health risk assessment (Toxikos, 2003) also considered
the health risk associated with PM2.5 and a number of additional Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs). However that assessment found that exposure to PM2.5 was a minor
contributor to the overall health risk from refinery point sources. In addition, the Pinjarra
RSA particulate study (Ecowise, 2007) found that the ambient monitoring results showed
that the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was less than 0.1. Therefore, compliance with the PM10
24-hour standard will mean that the PM2.5 guideline will also be complied with. As such
PM2.5 has not been considered in this screening assessment.
A previous health risk assessment (Toxikos, 2003) also estimated the exposure
concentrations for a number of additional VOC compounds1 based on the application of
minimum dilution factors, providing a conservative (i.e. overestimate) of the exposure
concentration for these VOC compounds. The health risk associated with the exposure to
these additional VOC compounds has not been considered in this assessment as emissions
data were not available and the results of the previous health risk assessment
(Toxikos, 2003) found that the cumulative health risk associated with these additional VOC
compounds is likely to be well below levels representing cause for concern.
1
Methylene chloride (dichloromethane), ethylbenzene, isopropanol, hexane, styrene and acrolein.
AS110754
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 4
3.2
Emission Estimates
Alcoa has derived emission estimates for the 21 individual compounds (or groups of
compounds) considered in the screening assessment based on a review of emission
monitoring data obtained for the Pinjarra Refinery (Alcoa, 2014). Emission estimates have
been derived for refinery point sources, fugitive sources including the RSA and bauxite
stockpiles, and also for Alinta Energy Limited’s (Alinta) Pinjarra Cogeneration Plant which is
located at the Pinjarra Refinery and operated by Alcoa on behalf of Alinta.
A number of different scenarios have been defined by Alcoa to represent emissions from the
Pinjarra Refinery for the currently approved alumina production capacity of 4.2 Mtpa, and for
the proposed incremental increase in the alumina production capacity up to 5 Mtpa. The
operation of the Alinta Cogeneration Plant at less than full load (i.e. part load) has also been
included as a 2015 scenario, as this mode of operation will result in increased emissions of
carbon monoxide (CO). The basis for the emission estimates derived by Alcoa (i.e. forecast,
nominal, or predicted) differs between scenarios, as described in Alcoa (2014).
Table A.1 of Appendix A lists the individual compounds or groups of compounds for which
emissions have been quantified, and the corresponding total mass emission rate for each of
the scenarios. Tables A.2 to A.9 provide the mass emission rates of each compound from
each source modelled. For each scenario, “peak” and “average” emissions have been
calculated by Alcoa and applied to the assessment of acute and chronic exposure
respectively. Typically peak emissions have been defined using the maximum measured
emission concentration and corresponding volumetric flow rate, and the average emissions
have been defined using the average of the measured emission concentrations and
volumetric flow rates. In the case of combustion sources, there is sufficient stack emission
measurement data to define a more realistic peak emission rate for oxides of nitrogen (NOx),
CO and PM10 for certain scenarios, based on a statistical analysis of the monitoring data
(Alcoa, 2014).
Further details on the approach used by Alcoa to derive the emission estimates applied in
this screening assessment are provided in Alcoa (2014).
3.3
Scenarios
The revised screening assessment has considered the potential health risks associated with
the scenarios defined by Alcoa for the Pinjarra Refinery, as presented in Table 1. It should
be noted that Scenarios 1 and 1A are based on the same set of emission estimates, but
using the health protective guidelines applied for the previous screening assessment
(ENVIRON, 2008) and the most current health protective guidelines respectively.
Table 1:
Scenarios
Scenario
Alumina
Production Rate
Emissions
Cogeneration Plant
Operation
Health Protective
Guidelines
1
4.2 Mtpa
forecast
full load
previous
1A
4.2 Mtpa
forecast
full load
current
2
4.2 Mtpa
nominal
(2008-2013 average)
full load
current
3
5.0 Mtpa
predicted
full load
current
4
5.0 Mtpa
predicted
part load
current
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
3.4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 5
Potential Receptor Locations
Discrete receptor locations were identified around the Pinjarra Refinery to represent the
populations or individual residences that could be potentially exposed to atmospheric
emissions, as presented in Table 2. The locations of the receptors in relation to the Pinjarra
Refinery are presented in Figure 1, overlain on an aerial photograph of the region.
Table 2: Receptor Locations 1
Approximate Number
of Individuals for
Receptor
which Receptor
Representative
Description of Use
2
15
Fairbridge farm, permanent & short stay accommodation
3
500
Nearest residence in Carcoola town site
4
2,000
Nearest residence in Pinjarra town site
5
4
Residence, farmhouse
6
5
Residence, farmhouse
7
4
Residence, farmhouse
8
4
Residence, farmhouse
9
4
Residence, farmhouse
10
4
Residence, farmhouse
11
4
Residence, farmhouse
12
Notes:
5
Residence, farmhouse
1
Receptor 1, Receptor 13 and Receptor 14 are no longer used as residences, and therefore have not been
included in this screening assessment.
It should be noted that three of the discrete receptor locations that were included in the
previous screening assessment (ENVIRON, 2008) have not been included in this screening
assessment as they are no longer used as residences, as follows:
 Receptor 1:
the farmhouse residence located north east of the Refinery, has since
been purchased by Alcoa and is no longer inhabited;
 Receptor 13:
the former residence of an Alcoa employee and family, has since been
demolished; and
 Receptor 14:
a former residence of the Alcoa farmlands manager and family, is no
longer occupied, and may be demolished as the building is in poor
condition.
For purposes of the screening assessment, all receptors are assumed to be residences,
including potentially sensitive subpopulations such as children and the elderly. This
assumption is inherent in the health protective guidelines selected (refer to Section 4).
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
3.5
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 6
Potentially Complete Exposure Pathways
Based on previous studies conducted by ENVIRON (2005, 2007) inhalation is expected to
represent the most significant exposure route in relation to emissions from the Pinjarra
Refinery, and therefore the exposure assessment has been confined to the inhalation
pathway.
Further assessment of the potential exposure via alternative exposure routes has not been
included in the scope of this assessment as no changes have occurred since the previous
assessments that would invalidate the conclusions of the previous studies.
3.6
Estimated Concentrations in Air
Concentrations in the ambient air have been estimated based on the results of air dispersion
modelling conducted by Air Assessments (2014), and emission estimates for the Pinjarra
Refinery provided by Alcoa. The modelling results were provided on a unit emission rate
basis, and then scaled by ENVIRON according to the emission estimates provided by Alcoa,
with the exception of the modelling results for PM10, VOCs, and mercury (vapour phase only)
from the RSA and bauxite stockpiles which were provided as predicted ground-level
concentrations (GLCs) based on actual emission rate estimates.
Concentrations in ambient air representative of acute exposure have been derived using the
1-hour, and rolling 8-hour or 24-hour average GLCs predicted by the air dispersion modelling
based on the peak emission estimates for the Pinjarra Refinery. It should be noted that the
approach used previously (ENVIRON, 2008) for the acute exposure assessment has been
modified to reduce overly conservative estimates of potential acute non-carcinogenic health
risks (refer to Section 5.1). Concentrations in ambient air representative of chronic exposure
have been derived using the annual average GLCs predicted by the air dispersion modelling
using the average emission estimates for the Pinjarra Refinery.
Appendix B presents details of the approach used to post process the modelling files, to
derive the concentrations in ambient air.
3.6.1 Chemical Transformation
The air dispersion modelling has assumed that the gaseous emissions do not undergo
chemical transformation once released into the atmosphere, except in the case of emissions
of NOx and formaldehyde.
To estimate the amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that would be formed from NOx emissions,
in the presence of ozone (O3), ENVIRON has used the Ozone Limiting Method (OLM), as
per the previous screening assessment (ENVIRON, 2008) (refer to Appendix B).
To account for the decay of formaldehyde concentrations in ambient air with time, Air
Assessments (2014) has assumed a decay rate of 5.7% per hour. The air dispersion
modelling results used for the previous screening assessment did not account for the decay
of formaldehyde (Air Assessments, 2008). The assumed decay rate did not have a
noticeable effect on the predicted GLCs of formaldehyde (Air Assessments, 2014).
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 7
4 Toxicity Assessment
The toxicity assessment determines the relationship between the magnitude of exposure to
a chemical of interest and the nature and severity of adverse health effects that may result
from such exposure. Chemical toxicity is divided into two categories for purposes of risk
assessment: carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic. Some chemicals exert both types of
effects. Whilst all non-carcinogenic effects are assumed to occur only at exposure levels
greater than some threshold at which defence mechanisms are overwhelmed, carcinogens
are thought to act via both threshold and non-threshold mechanisms. By convention,
exposure to even one molecule of a genotoxic carcinogen is assumed to incur some small
but finite risk of causing cancer; hence, the action of such compounds is considered to lack a
threshold below which adverse effects are not expected to occur. In contrast, the effects of
non-genotoxic carcinogens are thought to be manifested only at exposures in excess of
compound-specific thresholds. Potential health risks are calculated differently for threshold
and non-threshold effects because their toxicity criteria are based on different mechanistic
assumptions and expressed in different units.
A number of national and international regulatory agencies have reviewed the toxicity of
environmental chemicals and developed acceptable exposure criteria (herein referred to as
‘health protective guidelines’) in accordance with both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
endpoints. Health protective guidelines from the following reputable authorities were
considered for use in the screening assessment:
 NEPC (2003, 2004);
 World Health Organisation (WHO) (2000, 2003);
 U.S. Environment Protection Agency’s (US EPA) Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS);
 U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR);
 Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (2001);
 Concise Internal Chemical Assessment Document (CICAD) and Environmental Health
Criteria reports published under the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound
Management of Chemicals (IOMC) and International Programme on Chemical Safety
(IPCS); and
 California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment’s (OEHHA).
The health protective guidelines applied for the screening assessment are presented in
Table A.10 of Appendix A, and briefly discussed in the following sections. The health
protective guidelines that have been applied in this assessment are taken from the same
reputable authorities referenced in the previous screening assessment (ENVIRON, 2008),
and incorporating revisions to the health protective guidelines that have since occurred to
ensure the most current guidelines have been applied (refer to Section 4.5).
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December 2014
4.1
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Non-Carcinogenic Effects
A non-carcinogenic effect is defined as any adverse response to a chemical that is not
cancer. Any chemical can cause adverse health effects if given at a high enough dose.
When the dose is sufficiently low, no adverse effect is observed. Thus, in characterising the
non-carcinogenic effects of a chemical, the key parameter is the threshold dose at which an
adverse effect first becomes evident. Doses below the threshold are considered to be "safe"
(i.e., not associated with adverse effects), while doses above the threshold may cause an
adverse effect.
The threshold dose is typically estimated from toxicological or epidemiological data by
finding the highest dose level that produces no observable adverse effect (a NOAEL) or the
lowest dose level that produces an observable adverse effect (a LOAEL). Where more than
one such value is available, preference is given to studies using most sensitive species,
strain and sex of experimental animal known, the assumption being that humans are no less
sensitive than the most sensitive animal species tested. For the guidelines developed by all
the authorities considered, NOAELs or LOAELs are divided by the product of a series of
uncertainty factors representing experimental vs. environmental exposure duration, interand intra-species variability and the quality and completeness of the toxicological database.
This procedure ensures that the resultant health protective guidelines are not higher than
(and may be orders of magnitude lower than) the threshold level for adverse effects in the
most sensitive potential receptor. Thus, there is a “margin of safety” built into the guideline,
and doses equal to or less than that level are nearly certain to be without any adverse effect.
The likelihood of an adverse effect at doses higher than the guideline increases, but
because of the margin of safety, a greater dose does not mean that such an effect will
necessarily occur.
4.2
Short-term (Acute) Exposure
Health protective guidelines for acute non-carcinogenic health effects are expressed as
concentrations in air that are not expected to cause any adverse effects as a result of
continuous exposure over a defined averaging period (typically 24 hours or less). These
guidelines are appropriate for comparison with exposure estimates predicted by the air
dispersion modelling for averaging periods of between 1-hour and 24-hours. Although
obtained from different organisations/reference sources, the guidelines selected for this
assessment are all intended to be protective of continually exposed (i.e. residential)
receptors, including potentially sensitive subpopulations.
4.3
Long-term (Chronic) Exposure
Health protective guidelines for chronic non-carcinogenic health effects are expressed as
concentrations in air that are not expected to cause any adverse health effects as a result of
continuous long-term exposure (a year or more). These guidelines are appropriate for
comparison with annual average exposure estimates predicted by the air dispersion
modelling.
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December 2014
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Carcinogenic Effects
Cancers are generally defined as diseases of mutation affecting cell growth and
differentiation. Although many chemicals are known to cause cancer at high doses in
studies with experimental animals, relatively few chemicals have been shown to be
carcinogenic in humans at doses likely to be encountered in the ambient environment.
Cancers are relatively slow to develop, and usually require prolonged exposure to
carcinogenic chemicals. As a result, potential carcinogenic risks are only calculated for longterm exposures.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies substances according to
their potential for human carcinogenicity as indicated in Table 3.
Table 3: IARC Classification Criteria
Group
Description
1
Carcinogenic to humans (sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to humans)
2A
Probably carcinogenic to humans (sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in
animals, limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans)
2B
Possibly carcinogenic to humans (less than sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals, limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans)
3
Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans (inadequate or limited
evidence of carcinogenicity in animals, inadequate evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans)
4
Probably not carcinogenic to humans (evidence suggesting lack of
carcinogenicity in animals and humans)
Those compounds present in the emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery included in this
assessment that are classified by the IARC as Group 1, Group 2A or Group 2B are
presented in Table 4.
Table 4: IARC Compound Classifications
Compound Name
IARC Classification
arsenic
1
benzene
1
cadmium
1
chromium (VI)
1
formaldehyde
1
nickel
acetaldehyde
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2B (nickel, metallic and alloys)
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The IARC has classified nickel compounds as a Group 1 carcinogen; and nickel, metallic
and alloys as a Group 2B carcinogen. The most recent IARC (2012) evaluation of the
carcinogenicity of nickel and nickel compounds found that there is sufficient evidence in
humans for the carcinogenicity of mixtures that include nickel compounds and nickel metal.
The ultimate carcinogenic species in nickel carcinogenesis is the nickel ion Ni (II). The
evidence is strongest for water-soluble nickel compounds and risk for lung cancer, however
it is not possible to entirely separate various nickel compounds in dose-response analysis for
specific nickel compounds (IARC, 2012).
Health protective guidelines for genotoxic carcinogens are expressed as unit risk (UR)
factors. A UR factor is defined as the theoretical upper bound probability of extra cases of
cancer occurring in the exposed population assuming lifetime exposure by inhalation to
1 μg/m3 of the chemical (hence units are per µg/m3) (WHO, 2000). These guidelines are
appropriate for comparison with annual average exposure estimates predicted by the air
dispersion modelling.
4.4.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Some individual PAHs are clearly carcinogenic and others appear not to cause cancer, but
the majority of this large class of chemicals cannot be classified as to potential
carcinogenicity due to lack of sufficient data. The relative carcinogenic potency of specific
PAHs has been published by the WHO relative to Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a widely reported
PAH known for its carcinogenic potency.
The complex and variable composition and behaviour of PAH mixtures in the environment
hinder attribution of health consequences to specific compounds. As a result, no one risk
assessment approach is universally accepted. Three principal approaches reviewed by
WHO (1998) are (1) toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs), (2) comparative potency, and (3)
use of BaP as a surrogate. WHO used the BaP surrogate approach in its Air Quality
Guidelines for Europe (2000); however, as BaP has not been detected in testing for PAH
emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery, the TEF approach has been applied for this
assessment.
The highest potency (relative to BaP) for individual PAH compounds published in the WHO’s
Environmental Health Criteria 202: Selected Non-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (1998) has been applied in calculating exposure to the mixture of PAHs
emitted from the Pinjarra Refinery. The relative potency applied in this assessment
compared to the range of relative potencies published by the WHO is presented in Table 5.
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Table 5: Relative Potency of Individual PAH Compounds 1
Individual PAH Compound
Maximum Relative Potency
Range of Relative Potencies 1
naphthalene
0.001
0.001 2, 3
2-methylnaphthalene
0.001 2
phenanthrene
0.001
0 4 , 0.00064 6, 0.001 2, 3
acenaphthene
0.001
0 5, 0.001 2, 3, 4
fluoranthene
0.01
0.001 2, 3, 0.01 4
Notes:
1
As published by the WHO (1998).
2
Nisbelt & LaGoy (1992).
3
Malcolm & Dobson (1994).
4
Kalberlah et al. (1995)).
5
US Environmental Protection Agency (1993).
6
McClure & Schoeny (1995).
To calculate the carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to PAH emissions from the
Pinjarra Refinery, the BaP equivalent exposure concentration for each individual PAH has
been summed. The WHO’s UR factor for benzo[a]pyrene of 8.7 x 10-2 per µg/m3 was then
applied for this assessment, which is based on studies in coke-oven workers (WHO, 2000).
4.4.2 Dioxins and Furans
Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins [PCDDs]) and furans (polychlorinated
dibenzofurans [PCDFs]) are a group of toxic organic chemicals that remain in the
environment for a long time, and can accumulate in the body fat of animals and humans.
Low levels of dioxins and furans were detected in emissions from the Oxalate kiln prior to the
Pinjarra Efficiency Upgrade (PEU).2 The Oxalate kiln was found to be the only Pinjarra
Refinery emission source with detectable levels of dioxins and furans.
The potential for dioxins and furans to be emitted from Alcoa’s refineries has been
eliminated by identifying and eliminating the chemical additives that were the precursors to
the dioxin and furan emissions detected from the oxalate kiln (Alcoa, 2005). In addition, as
part of the PEU the Oxalate kiln was fitted with a High Efficiency Wet Scrubber and
Regenerative Thermal Oxidiser (RTO) to treat waste gases from this source, which provide
an added level of protection from such emissions. Consistent with this, subsequent
monitoring of emissions from the upgraded Oxalate kiln found no detectable levels of dioxins
and furans. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of the changes to the
Refinery inputs and the addition of the RTO has resulted in the elimination of measurable
levels of dioxins and furans.
2
In the 2002 Wagerup Air Emissions Inventory monitoring campaign, as well as other sampling undertaken for
Alcoa on selected sources with potential to emit dioxins and furans, trace quantities of polychlorinated dioxins
and furans were identified in Wagerup liquor burning (Coffey et al. 2002), Kwinana liquor burning (IoppoloArmanios and Coffey 2002); Wagerup Calciner 4 (Coffey et al. 2002) and Pinjarra oxalate kiln (Ioppolo-Armanios
2002) air emissions (stack analyses). In general, only the non-toxic congeners were detected, however the
Pinjarra oxalate kiln stack air contained trace amounts of some toxic 2378-substituted-congeners.
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December 2014
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Revisions to Health Protective Guidelines
The review of current health protective guidelines revealed that since the previous screening
assessment (ENVIRON, 2008), revised guidelines for acute and/or chronic non-carcinogenic
health effects have been published for a number of the compounds considered in the
screening assessment. The review did not, however, identify any revisions to the health
protective guidelines for carcinogenic health effects.
Table 6 presents a summary of the revisions to the health protective guidelines that are
relevant to this screening assessment. A brief overview of the rationale for revisions to
these health protective guidelines is provided below.
From Table 6 it can be seen that the current guidelines have become more stringent
compared with the previous guidelines that were used in the previous screening
assessment. This includes the acute non-carcinogenic guideline for arsenic, as the
corresponding averaging period for exposure has been shortened to an hour, resulting in a
more stringent criterion.
Table 6:
Revisions to Health Protective Guidelines
Compound
Name
Guideline
(µg/m3)
Averaging
Period
Last
Updated
Reference
Guideline
(µg/m3)
Averaging
Period
Reference
Acute Non-Carcinogenic
Current Guideline
Previous Guideline
0.19
1
arsenic
0.2
1-hour
2008
OEHHA (2014)
4-hour
cadmium
0.03
24-hour
2012
ATSDR (2012)
nickel
0.2
1-hour
2012
OEHHA (2014)
6
1-hour
OEHHA (1999)
mercury
0.6
1-hour
2008
OEHHA (2014)
1.8
1-hour
OEHHA (1999)
ammonia
1,290 2
24-hour
2004
ATSDR (2004)
3,200
1-hour
OEHHA (1999)
benzene
27
1-hour
2014
OEHHA (2014)
1,300
6-hour
OEHHA (1999)
OEHHA (1999)
-
Chronic Non-Carcinogenic
Current Guideline
Previous Guideline
mercury
0.2
annual
2003
WHO (2003)
1
annual
WHO (2000)
benzene
3
annual
2014
OEHHA (2014)
60
annual
OEHHA (2000)
Notes:
1
2
The previous guideline for arsenic published by the OEHHA (1999) was not applied in the previous screening
assessment.
The current guideline for ammonia published by the ATSDR (2004) of 1.7 ppm (1,290 µg/m3 at 0oC), supersedes a
previous ATSDR (1990) guideline of 0.5 ppm.
The OEHHA has developed guidelines for conducting health risk assessments under
California’s Air Toxics Hot Spots Program, which include prescribed Reference Exposure
Levels (RELs) for acute and chronic exposures. An inhalation REL is an airborne level of a
chemical that is not anticipated to present a significant risk of an adverse non-cancer health
effect.
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In 2008 the OEHHA published a revised Technical Support Document (TSD) for the
derivation of non-cancer RELs (OEHHA, 2008), to reflect scientific knowledge and
techniques developed since the previous guidelines (OEHHA, 1999) (OEHHA, 2000), and in
particular to explicitly include consideration of possible differential effects on the health of
infants, children and other sensitive subpopulations. At the same time the OEHHA added
acetaldehyde, arsenic, formaldehyde, manganese and mercury to the list of Toxic Air
Contaminants that may cause infants and children to be especially susceptible to illness, and
the RELs for these compounds were revised. Nickel (OEHHA, 2012) and benzene
(OEHHA, 2014a) were also later identified as toxic air contaminants which may
disproportionately impact children, and the RELs for these compounds were subsequently
revised.
It should be noted that the revised RELs for acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and manganese do
not appear in Table 6, as health protective guidelines were obtained from alternative
reputable authorities for these compounds (refer to Table A.1 of Appendix A), and were not
sourced from the OEHHA.
It should also be noted that the previous screening assessment conducted for the Upgraded
Pinjarra Refinery (ENVIRON, 2008) did not consider the potential health impacts associated
with acute exposure to arsenic, and hence the superseded acute REL for arsenic (OEHHA,
1999) was not used in the previous assessment, apparently due to an unintended oversight.
The basis for the revised acute and/or chronic RELs for arsenic, nickel, mercury and
benzene is outlined in the current version of the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program TSD for the
derivation of non-cancer RELs (OEHHA, 2014) that was updated in July 2014 to reflect
adoption of additional new or revised RELs.
The ATSDR has developed Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for hazardous substances, which
are intended to serve as screening levels to identify contaminants and potential health
effects that may be of concern at hazardous waste sites. Inhalation MRLs are derived for
acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-365 days) and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure,
and are based on non-cancer health effects only. Each MRL is subject to change as new
information becomes available concomitant with updating the toxicological profile of a
substance.
The acute inhalation MRL for cadmium was published by the ATSDR in 2012, and the basis
for the health protective guideline is outlined in the Toxicological Profile for Cadmium
(ATSDR, 2012).
The revised acute inhalation MRL for ammonia was published by the ATSDR in 2004,
however was not adopted for the previous screening assessment conducted for the
Upgraded Pinjarra Refinery (ENVIRON, 2008), presumably to retain consistency with the
previous health risk assessment conducted for the Pinjarra Refinery (Toxikos, 2003) which
applied the relevant OEHHA health protective guideline for ammonia (OEHHA, 1999).
Notwithstanding, the ATSDR’s acute health protective guideline for ammonia has been
selected for use in this assessment as it is the most conservative (health protective) of the
two, after applying an adjustment to account for the difference in the exposure duration
averaging periods. The basis for the revised acute MRL for ammonia is outlined in the
Toxicological Profile for Ammonia (ATSDR, 2004).
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In 2003, the IPCS, a cooperative programme of the WHO, the International Labour
Organisation (ILO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), published a
CICAD for mercury (elemental and inorganic mercury compounds) (WHO, 2003), deriving a
tolerable concentration of 0.2 µg/m3 for long-term inhalation exposure to elemental mercury
vapour. This health protective guideline supersedes the WHO (2000) air quality guideline for
inorganic mercury vapour of 1 µg/m3 as an annual average.
There is currently no national ambient air quality standards specified for PM2.5. The National
Environment Protection Council (NEPC) has published an Impact Statement on the Draft
Variation to the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure (AAQ
NEPM) (NEPC, 2014), which proposes that the advisory reporting standards for PM2.5 could
be made performance standards. The recommendations outlined in the Impact Statement
are still under review and subject to change, and therefore an ambient air quality standard
has not been used for PM2.5 in this screening assessment. Further, compliance with the
PM10 24-hour standard will mean that the PM2.5 advisory reporting standard will also be
complied with (refer to Section 3.1).
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5 Risk Characterisation
Screening-level quantitative health risk indicators have been calculated for potential acute
and chronic non-carcinogenic health effects, and carcinogenic health effects for each of the
defined scenarios (refer to Section 3.3).
The quantitative risk indicators are described in Section 5.1, and the findings of the risk
characterisation are presented in Sections 5.2 to 5.6. The sections focus on the maximally
affected receptors, and the least affected receptors, as this represent the range of
quantitative health risk indicators calculated for all of the discrete receptor locations. The
calculated health risk indicators at all of the receptor locations and for each compound
individually are presented in Table A.11 of Appendix A. Table A.12 of Appendix A presents
the percent contribution of individual compounds to the quantitative risk indicators at all of
the receptor locations. Figures 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 present contours of the calculated health risk
indicators for selected scenarios, overlain on an aerial photograph of the region.
5.1
Quantitative Risk Indicators
The Hazard Index (HI) is calculated to evaluate the potential for non-carcinogenic adverse
health effects from simultaneous exposure to multiple compounds by summing the ratio of
the estimated concentration in air to the health protective guidelines for individual
compounds. The HI is calculated for acute (Equation 1) and chronic (Equation 2) exposures.
∑
Equation 1
∑
Equation 2
Where:
= acute Hazard Index
= ground level concentration predicted over an averaging period of typically
≤ 24 hours, matching the averaging time of the health protective guideline for
compound (µg/m3)
= acute health protective guideline for compound (µg/m3)
= chronic Hazard Index
= annual average ground level concentration for compound (µg/m3)
= chronic health protective guideline for compound (µg/m3)
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It should be noted that the screening assessment approach used previously (ENVIRON,
2008) to derive the acute HIs has been modified to reduce overly conservative estimates of
potential acute non-carcinogenic health risks. For this screening assessment the acute HI
for each hour and model receptor has been calculated by summing the individual acute
hazard quotients (HQs) derived from the predicted GLCs for each individual compound. The
calculated acute HIs for each of the modelled hours was analysed to determine the
maximum and 9th highest value, at each modelled grid point and discrete receptor location.
Appendix B presents details of the approach used to post process the modelling files, to
derive the maximum and 9th highest acute HIs.
The maximum acute HI is predicted to occur once per year under “worst case”
meteorological and peak emission conditions from all sources and therefore is still
considered to be a conservative (over) estimate of actual acute exposure health risk. Whilst
the 9th highest acute HI represents a more realistic, yet still conservative estimate of the risk
of potential acute health effects. The CSIRO (2005) state that the 9th highest concentration
or robust highest concentration (RHC) is often chosen as the key statistic to represent the
extremes, rather than the modelled or observed maximum.
In the previous assessment the acute HI was derived from the maximum GLCs, and also the
99.9 percentile 1-hour and 99.5 percentile 24-hour average GLCs, predicted for each
individual compound considered in isolation, regardless of whether they were predicted to
occur at the same time. However, this approach was considered to be overly conservative
for the assessment of acute exposure health risk, as the maximum predicted GLCs of
individual compounds will not necessarily occur at the same time. This is likely to be the
case particularly for compounds released mainly from tall point sources compared with
compounds released mainly from low-level fugitive sources.
The modified approach used to derived the acute HIs for this assessment has resulted, at
least in-part, to some significant changes to the percent contribution predicted for individual
compounds at the discrete receptor locations, compared to the previous assessment (refer
to Section 5.2). Notwithstanding, the modified approach is considered to provide for a more
realistic assessment of potential acute health impacts. The percent contribution of individual
compounds also tends to exhibit more variability between receptor locations using the
modified approach, as the acute HIs can be predicted to occur under very different
meteorological conditions.
There has been no change to the approach used to derived the chronic HI, in that the
predicted annual average GLCs have been used to derive the chronic HI at the discrete
receptor locations.
The general rule of thumb for interpreting the HI is that:

values less than one represent no cause for concern;

values greater than one but less than 10 generally do not represent cause for
concern because of the inherent conservatism embedded in the exposure and
toxicity assessments; and

values greater than ten may present some concern with respect to possible health
effects (Toxikos, 2003).
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The carcinogenic risk provides an indication of the incremental probability that an individual
will develop cancer over a lifetime as a direct result of exposure to potential carcinogens,
and is expressed as a unitless probability. The incremental carcinogenic risk (ICR) for
individual compounds is summed to calculate the potential total ICR from exposure to
multiple compounds (Equation 3).
Risk 

i
1
C i Annual 
EF  ED
 UR i
AT
Equation 3
Where:
Risk
C Annual
= lifetime incremental total cancer risk
= annual average ground level concentration for compound (µg/m3)
EF
= exposure frequency (365 days/year)
ED
= exposure duration (70 years)
AT
= averaging time (365 days/year x 70 years, or 25,550 days)
URi
= Unit Risk factor for compound (per µg/m3)
The ICR that is considered acceptable varies amongst jurisdictions, typically ranging from
one in a million (1x10-6) to one in ten thousand (1x10-4). EnHealth (2012) suggests that in
the case of an assessment for multiple chemical exposures, a combined risk of 1x10-5 may
be considered acceptable by Australian environmental regulatory authorities. The most
stringent criterion of one in a million represents the US EPA’s de minimis, or essentially
negligible incremental risk level, and has therefore been adopted for this screening
assessment as a conservative (i.e. health protective) indicator of acceptable incremental
carcinogenic risk.
5.2
Acute Non-Carcinogenic Effects
Acute HIs have been calculated for each of the defined scenarios based on peak emission
estimates for the Pinjarra Refinery. Receptors 2 and 4 exhibit the highest acute HIs, and
Receptor 3, 6 and 7 exhibit the lowest acute HIs, thereby representing the range of
calculated acute HIs for all the receptor locations. Table 7 presents the range of maximum
and 9th highest acute HIs calculated for the defined scenarios.
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Table 7: Summary of Acute Hazard Indices
Highest
Scenario
Lowest
Acute HI
Maximum
Acute HI
9th Highest
Receptor
Acute HI
Maximum
Acute HI
9th Highest
Receptor 1
Scenario 1
0.98
0.96
4
0.25
0.22
3
Scenario 1A
0.99
0.96
4
0.35
0.28
3
Scenario 2
1.01
0.98
4
0.34
0.27
6, 3
Scenario 3
0.65
0.53
2
0.36
0.29
7, 6
Scenario 4
0.65
0.53
2
0.36
0.29
6
Notes:
1
If the maximum HI and the 9th highest HI occur at different receptor locations, then the location of
th
maximum HI appears first, and the location of 9 highest HI appears second.
From Table 7 it can be seen that the acute HI is less than one for all but one of the scenarios
and receptor locations considered in the assessment, indicating no cause for concern in
terms of potential acute non-carcinogenic health effects.
For Scenario 2, at Receptor 4 (nearest residence in Pinjarra town site), which is located west
of the RSA and downwind of the prevailing easterly winds an acute HI of greater than 1 was
calculated. However the maximum acute HI (1.01) is only marginally above one, and
therefore does not indicate cause for concern. Further, the maximum acute HI at Receptor 4
is predicted to decrease significantly for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4, down to 0.52. The
predicted decrease in the acute HI at Receptor 4 under Scenarios 3 and 4 is due to fugitive
dust management measures implemented in the RSA since the commissioning of the PEU,
which have resulted in a significant reduction in PM10 emissions from this source.
The highest acute HI for Scenarios 3 and 4 is predicted to be 0.65, and occurs at Receptor 2
(Fairbridge farm), located to the north east of the Pinjarra Refinery. The maximum acute HI
at Receptor 2 for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4 is predicted to decrease by approximately
10% compared with Scenarios 1A and 2, providing a further margin of safety in terms of
potential acute non-carcinogenic health effects.
Figure 2 presents the maximum acute HI calculated for all of the scenarios to illustrate the
change in the acute HI from Scenario 1 to Scenario 1A associated with the use of revised
health protective guidelines, and also the change from Scenarios 1A and 2, to Scenarios 3
and 4, that are associated with the proposed increased in alumina production at the Pinjarra
Refinery.
From Figure 2 it can be seen that the acute HI for Scenario 1A is higher than for Scenario 1
at each of the receptor locations. The increase is associated with revisions to the acute
health protective guidelines for arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, ammonia and benzene
(refer to Section 4.5). As the acute HI for Scenario 1A does not increase above a value of
one, the revisions to the acute health protective guidelines do not alter the outcome of the
previous assessment (ENVIRON, 2008).
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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The acute HIs for Scenario 1A and Scenario 2 are representative of the Pinjarra Refinery at
4.2 Mtpa alumina production rate,and the acute HIs for Scenario 3 and 4 are representative
of an alumina production rate of 5 Mtpa. From Figure 2 it can be seen that at most of the
receptor locations, the maximum acute HI is predicted to increase with the proposed
increase in the alumina production rate. The increase in the acute HI is predicted to be in
the order of 10% or less at most of the receptor locations, with the exception of Receptor 3
and Receptor 10 which exhibit an increase of approximately 25% and 20% respectively.
As the acute HIs for Scenarios 3 and 4 do not increase above a value of one, the proposed
increase in the alumina production rate of the Pinjarra Refinery does not indicate cause for
concern in terms of potential acute non-carcinogenic health effects.
At Receptors 2, 4 and 5 the acute HI is predicted to decrease with the proposed increase in
the alumina production rate, which is associated with fugitive dust management measures
implemented in the RSA. The predicted decrease in the acute HI is most significant at
Receptor 4 (approx. 50%), and is primarily attributable to reduced PM10 impacts arising from
fugitive dust emissions from the RSA on that receptor. A decrease in the acute HI
represents a significant reduction in the potential for acute non-carcinogenic health effects to
occur at these receptor locations.
Figures 3 and 4 present the contours of the maximum acute HIs (Figure 3) and 9th highest
acute HIs (Figure 4) for Scenario 2 and Scenario 4, overlain on an aerial photograph of the
Pinjarra region, to show the change from the current to the proposed increase in the alumina
production rate of the Pinjarra Refinery. The acute HI contours for Scenario 3 and Scenario
4 are not significantly different, except the acute HI contours for Scenario 4 tend to be
slightly larger.
From Figures 3 and 4 it can be seen that an increase is evident in the contours of the acute
HIs for Scenario 4 compared to Scenario 2, except within the area located to the west of the
RSA which shows a significant decrease for Scenario 4. It can also be seen that the highest
acute HIs are predicted to occur in the immediate vicinity of the Pinjarra Refinery plant site
and the RSA.
The pollutants that contribute most significantly to the acute HI include NO2, PM10, nickel and
mercury, although the relative contribution of these compounds varies for the different
scenarios and receptor locations. Table 8 presents a summary of the percent contribution of
the compounds of most significance to the maximum acute HI for Scenario 2, and the
proposed Scenarios 3 and 4. Table 8 also includes the percent contribution of CO, to
present the change due to operation of the Alinta Cogeneration Plant at part load.
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Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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Table 8: Contribution of Individual Compounds to Acute HI – Scenarios 2 to 4
Percent Contribution (%)1
Receptor
NO2
CO
PM10
Nickel
Mercury
Other
Acute HI
Maximum
Scenario 2
2
5.6
0.1
19.6
16.8
52.7
5.1
0.74
3
45.7
0.2
5.2
16.2
23.9
8.8
0.36
4
0.0
0.0
98.2
0.4
0.0
1.3
1.01
5
27.2
0.6
55.1
2.9
3.5
10.8
0.56
6
46.0
0.9
18.2
7.8
7.8
19.3
0.34
7
56.2
0.6
4.6
9.4
10.9
18.3
0.34
8
29.7
0.2
18.4
10.1
35.0
6.5
0.43
9
30.6
0.3
15.3
10.0
36.5
7.2
0.45
10
30.2
0.2
19.4
10.1
33.7
6.5
0.46
11
34.0
0.6
43.8
3.8
4.3
13.4
0.41
12
10.9
0.3
17.0
26.5
39.2
6.2
0.50
Scenario 3
2
27.0
0.3
10.8
15.6
41.3
5.0
0.65
3
8.4
0.03
25.3
7.8
55.4
3.1
0.45
4
0.0
0.0
90.3
0.02
9.2
0.5
0.52
5
49.1
0.7
6.7
9.0
11.1
23.4
0.48
6
46.3
0.9
18.3
7.5
7.5
19.5
0.36
7
54.4
0.5
4.6
9.3
12.2
18.9
0.36
8
30.5
0.2
18.1
8.4
36.0
6.8
0.48
9
31.8
0.3
14.9
8.6
37.0
7.4
0.49
10
29.4
0.2
18.1
8.3
37.5
6.5
0.54
11
32.3
0.2
27.6
6.1
28.9
4.9
0.44
12
18.0
0.3
14.0
24.6
36.4
6.7
0.56
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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Table 8: Contribution of Individual Compounds to Acute HI – Scenarios 2 to 4
Percent Contribution (%)1
Receptor
NO2
CO
PM10
Nickel
Mercury
Other
Acute HI
Maximum
Scenario 4
2
27.1
0.4
10.8
15.6
41.2
5.0
0.65
3
8.6
0.06
25.2
7.8
55.2
3.1
0.45
4
0.0
0.0
90.3
0.02
9.2
0.5
0.52
5
34.7
2.3
42.9
3.3
4.0
12.7
0.50
6
45.9
1.8
18.1
7.5
7.4
19.4
0.36
7
54.2
1.6
4.5
9.1
12.0
18.5
0.36
8
31.2
0.5
17.8
8.3
35.5
6.7
0.49
9
32.7
0.5
14.6
8.5
36.4
7.3
0.50
10
30.2
0.4
17.8
8.2
36.9
6.4
0.55
11
32.8
0.7
27.2
6.0
28.5
4.8
0.45
12
Notes:
17.6
1.0
14.0
24.5
36.3
6.7
0.56
1
Values that appear shaded represent the largest individual pollutant contribution for the given receptor
location.
From Table 8 it can be seen that the maximum acute HI for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4
is attributable largely to mercury emissions at many of the receptor locations. The relative
contribution of mercury has increased compared to the previous screening assessment
(ENVIRON, 2008), due to the revision of the acute health protective guideline for mercury
which is a factor of three times more stringent.
At Receptor 4 the maximum acute HI is attributable largely to PM10 emissions, and to NOx
emissions at Receptor 6, 7 and 11, for both Scenarios 3 and 4. At Receptor 5 the maximum
acute HI is attributable largely to NOx emissions for Scenario 3, and to PM10 emissions for
Scenario 4. Analysis of the 9th highest acute HI indicates similar trends in terms of the most
significant pollutants, although the relative contribution of NOx emissions tends to be more
significant overall.
The same pollutants also contribute most significantly to the acute HI for Scenario 2,
although at some of the receptor locations (Receptors 3 and 11) a notable increase in the
relative contribution of mercury is predicted to occur for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4.
The percent contribution of CO to the maximum acute HI is higher for Scenario 5 compared
to Scenario 3, due to the increase in CO emissions associated with part load operation of the
Alinta Cogeneration Plant. However, CO is not predicted to contribute significantly to the
maximum Acute HI at the discrete receptor locations, and therefore the increase in the CO
emissions does not affect the outcomes of the screening assessment in terms of risk of
potential health effects.
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Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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The modified approach used to derive the acute HIs for this assessment (refer to
Section 5.1) has resulted, at least in-part, to some significant changes to the percent
contribution predicted for individual compounds at the discrete receptor locations, compared
to the previous assessment. For example, for Scenario 13 the previous assessment
indicated that the percent contribution of PM10 to the maximum acute HI at Receptor 4
(69.6%) is somewhat lower compared to that predicted for this assessment (99.6%). The
previous assessment also indicated that NO2 was a significant contributor (21%) to the
maximum acute HI at Receptor 4, whilst for this assessment the contribution of NO2 is
predicted to be zero at this same receptor location. Such variations in the results are related
to the different meteorological conditions that the acute HIs have been predicted to occur
under.
5.3
Chronic Non-Carcinogenic Effects
Chronic HIs have been calculated for each of the defined scenarios based on average
emission estimates for the Pinjarra Refinery. Receptor 2 exhibits the highest chronic HI, and
Receptor 6 exhibits the lowest Chronic HI, thereby representing the range of calculated
chronic HIs for all the receptor locations. Table 9 presents the range of chronic HIs
calculated for the defined scenarios.
Table 9: Summary of Chronic Hazard Indices
Highest
Scenario
Lowest
Chronic HI
Receptor
Chronic HI
Receptor
Scenario 1
0.039
Receptor 2
0.011
Receptor 6
Scenario 1A
0.050
Receptor 2
0.014
Receptor 6
Scenario 2
0.055
Receptor 2
0.016
Receptor 6
Scenario 3
0.065
Receptor 2
0.016
Receptor 6
Scenario 4
0.065
Receptor 2
0.016
Receptor 6
From Table 9 it can be seen that the chronic HI is comfortably less than one for all of the
scenarios and at all of the receptor locations considered in the assessment, indicating no
cause for concern in terms of potential chronic non-carcinogenic health effects. The highest
chronic HI for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4 is predicted to be equal to 0.065, and occurs
at Receptor 2 (Fairbridge farm), located to the north east of the Pinjarra Refinery.
Figure 5 presents the chronic HI calculated for all of the scenarios, at each of the receptor
locations considered in the assessment, to illustrate the change in the chronic HI from
Scenario 1 to Scenario 1A associated with the use of revised health protective guidelines,
and also the change from Scenarios 1A and 2, to Scenarios 3 and 4, that are associated
with the proposed increased in alumina production at the Pinjarra Refinery.
3
Scenario 1 is very similar to the Upgraded Refinery scenario referred to in the previous assessment
(ENVIRON, 2008), in that they are both representative of emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery operating at an
alumina production rate of 4.2 Mtpa, following implementation of PEU.
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Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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From Figure 5 it can be seen that the chronic HI for Scenario 1A is higher than Scenario 1 at
each of the receptor locations. The increase is associated with revisions to the chronic
health protective guidelines for mercury and benzene (refer to Section 4.5). As the chronic
HI for Scenario 1A remains well below one, the revision to the chronic health protective
guidelines do not alter the outcome of the assessment.
The chronic HIs for Scenario 1A and Scenario 2 are representative of the Pinjarra Refinery
at 4.2Mtpa alumina production rate, and the chronic HIs for Scenario 3 and 4 are
representative of an alumina production rate of Mtpa. From Figure 5 it can be seen that the
chronic HI is predicted to increase with the proposed increase in the alumina production rate
at all of the receptor locations. The increase in the chronic HI is predicted to be in the order
of 10% or less at most of the receptor locations. Exceptions occur at Receptor 2 and
Receptor 12 which exhibit an increase of up to approximately 30% and 20% respectively,
although the absolute increase in the chronic HI (0.015 or less) is considered trivial.
As the chronic HIs for Scenarios 3 and 4 do not increase above a value of one, the proposed
increase in the alumina production rate of the Pinjarra Refinery does not indicate cause for
concern in terms of potential chronic non-carcinogenic health effects.
Figure 6 present the contours of the Chronic HIs for Scenario 2 and Scenario 4, overlain on
an aerial photograph of the Pinjarra region, to show the change from the current to the
proposed increase in the alumina production rate of the Pinjarra Refinery. The chronic HI
contours for Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 are not significantly different.
From Figure 6 it can be seen that a small increase is evident in the contours of the chronic
HIs for Scenario 4 compared to Scenario 2, most evident to the north of the Pinjarra Refinery
plant site. It can also be seen that the highest chronic HIs are predicted to occur in the
immediate vicinity of the Pinjarra Refinery plant site.
The pollutants that contribute most significantly to the chronic HI include NO2 and mercury,
and to a lesser extent cadmium, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, although the relative
contribution of these pollutants varies for the different scenarios and receptor locations.
Table 10 presents a summary of the percent contribution of the compounds of most
significance to the chronic HI for Scenario 2, and the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4.
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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Table 10: Contribution of Individual Compounds to Chronic HI – Scenarios 2 to 4
Percent Contribution (%) 1
Receptor
NO2
Cadmium
Mercury
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Other
Chronic HI
Scenario 2
2
41.4
5.9
28.1
5.6
6.7
12.2
0.05
3
34.4
5.5
36.7
5.3
7.0
11.1
0.02
4
40.9
6.9
25.9
5.1
8.4
12.8
0.03
5
52.6
7.8
18.2
3.7
7.5
10.2
0.04
6
34.1
7.2
31.9
5.8
8.4
12.6
0.02
7
35.9
7.6
29.7
5.6
8.6
12.6
0.02
8
48.0
10.3
15.8
4.5
9.1
12.2
0.02
9
45.1
10.4
17.5
5.0
9.3
12.7
0.02
10
47.5
10.3
16.0
4.7
9.2
12.4
0.02
11
50.8
9.4
15.0
4.3
8.5
12.0
0.02
12
48.6
7.0
19.7
5.5
7.0
12.1
0.03
Scenario 3
2
36.1
4.9
38.2
4.9
5.5
10.4
0.07
3
34.1
5.5
37.8
5.2
6.8
10.6
0.02
4
41.5
7.1
27.0
4.8
8.1
11.4
0.03
5
52.9
8.3
18.3
3.5
7.2
9.8
0.04
6
35.8
7.5
31.8
5.4
7.9
11.6
0.02
7
36.3
7.7
31.6
5.1
7.9
11.5
0.02
8
47.0
10.1
18.8
4.3
8.1
11.7
0.02
9
44.0
10.0
20.8
4.7
8.3
12.0
0.02
10
46.2
10.0
19.4
4.4
8.1
11.8
0.02
11
49.6
9.3
17.9
4.1
7.6
11.5
0.02
12
44.8
6.7
25.7
5.1
6.3
11.3
0.03
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 25
Table 10: Contribution of Individual Compounds to Chronic HI – Scenarios 2 to 4
Percent Contribution (%) 1
Receptor
NO2
Cadmium
Mercury
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Other
Chronic HI
Scenario 4
2
36.2
4.9
38.4
5.0
5.5
10.0
0.07
3
34.4
5.5
37.9
5.2
6.8
10.3
0.02
4
41.8
7.1
27.1
4.8
8.0
11.2
0.03
5
53.3
8.3
18.3
3.5
7.1
9.6
0.04
6
36.0
7.5
31.9
5.4
7.9
11.3
0.02
7
36.6
7.7
31.6
5.1
7.8
11.2
0.02
8
47.3
10.1
18.8
4.3
8.0
11.5
0.02
9
44.3
10.1
20.9
4.8
8.2
11.7
0.02
10
46.4
10.0
19.5
4.5
8.0
11.6
0.02
11
49.9
9.3
17.9
4.1
7.5
11.3
0.02
12
Notes:
45.1
6.8
25.8
5.1
6.2
11.0
0.03
Values that appear shaded represent the largest individual pollutant contribution for the given receptor location.
From Table 10 it can be seen that the chronic HI is attributable largely to NOx emissions,
which account for approximately half of the chronic HI at many of the receptor locations. At
Receptors 2 and 3 however, the chronic HI is attributable largely to mercury emissions for
both Scenarios 3 and 4. The higher contribution of mercury emissions at Receptors 2 and 3
is likely to be because these receptors are located closer to the RSA which is assigned as
the single largest source of mercury emissions, and further away from the NOx emission
sources located within the Pinjarra Refinery plant site. It should however be noted that the
mercury emissions assigned to the RSA includes the unaccountable mercury estimated from
the refinery mass balance (Alcoa, 2014), and therefore is likely to be an overestimate of
actual mercury emissions from this source.
NOx emissions also contribute most significantly to the chronic HI at most of the receptor
locations for Scenario 2, although at Receptor 2 a notable increase in the relative
contribution of mercury is predicted to occur for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4.
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5.4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 26
Carcinogenic Effects
The ICR has been calculated for each of the defined scenarios based on average emission
estimates for the Pinjarra Refinery. Receptor 2 exhibits the highest ICR, and Receptor 6
exhibits the lowest ICR, thereby representing the range of ICR values calculated for all the
receptor locations. Table 11 presents the range of ICR values calculated for the defined
scenarios.
Table 11: Summary of Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Highest
Scenario
ICR
Lowest
Receptor
Scenario 1
1.33 x10
-6
Scenario 1A
ICR
Receptor
Receptor 2
3.47 x10
-7
Receptor 6
1.33 x10-6
Receptor 2
3.47 x10-7
Receptor 6
Scenario 2
1.41 x10-6
Receptor 2
3.90 x10-7
Receptor 6
Scenario 3
1.40 x10-6
Receptor 2
3.66 x10-7
Receptor 6
Scenario 4
1.39 x10-6
Receptor 2
3.64 x10-7
Receptor 6
The ICR values presented in Table 11 are best explained by way of example, with the
incremental carcinogenic risk calculated for Scenario 1 at Receptor 2 of 1.33x10-6
(0.00000133 or 0.000133%) which can also be interpreted as a risk of 1 more person in
751,880 people developing cancer as a result of a lifetime of continuous exposure.
From Table 11 it can be seen that the highest ICR values, predicted to occur at Receptor 2
(Fairbridge farm), are only marginally above the de minimis threshold of one in a million.
EnHealth (2012) suggests that in the case of an assessment for multiple chemical
exposures, a combined risk of one in one hundred thousand (1x10-5) may be considered
acceptable by Australia environmental regulatory authorities, and all the predicted ICR
values comply with this target risk level. The ICR values predicted to occur at the other
receptor locations comply with the de minimis threshold for all of the scenarios considered in
the assessment. The potential for emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery to contribute to the
incidence of cancer in the exposed population is therefore considered to be low.
Figure 7 presents the ICR calculated for all of the scenarios, at each of the receptor
locations considered in the assessment, to illustrate the change in the ICR from Scenarios
1A and 2, to Scenarios 3 and 4, that is associated with the proposed increased in alumina
production at the Pinjarra Refinery. It should be noted that no change occurs in the ICR for
Scenario 1 to Scenario 1A as this assessment did not identify any necessary revisions to the
health protective guidelines for carcinogenic effects.
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The ICR for Scenario 1A and Scenario 2 is representative of the Pinjarra Refinery at 4.2
Mtpa alumina production capacity, and the ICR for Scenario 3 and 4 is representative of an
increase in the alumina production rate to5 Mtpa. From Figure 7 it can be seen that the ICR
is not predicted to change significantly with the proposed increase in the alumina production
capacity. The ICR for Scenarios 3 and 4 is generally predicted to be marginally higher
compared to the forecast emission estimates (Scenario 1A), and marginally lower compared
to the actual emission estimates (Scenario 2). The increase in the ICR is predicted to be in
the order of 10% or less at all of the receptor locations.
Figures 8 and 9 present the contours of the IRC for Scenario 4 compared with Scenario 1A
(Figure 8) and Scenario 2 (Figure 9), overlain on an aerial photograph of the Pinjarra region,
to show the change from the current to the proposed increase in the alumina production
capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery. From Figure 8 it can be seen that a minor increase is
evident in the contours of ICR for Scenario 4 compared to Scenario 1A. Figure 9, however,
shows a minor decrease in the contours of ICR for Scenario 4 compared to Scenario 2,
which is particularly evident in the area to the west of the RSA. It can also be seen from
Figures 8 and 9 that the highest ICR is predicted to occur in the immediate vicinity of the
Pinjarra Refinery plant site and the RSA.
The pollutants that contribute most significantly to the ICR include formaldehyde and
chromium (VI), and to a lesser extent arsenic, PAHs and acetaldehyde, although the relative
contribution of these pollutants varies for the different scenarios and receptor locations.
Table 12 presents a summary of the percent contribution of the compounds of most
significance to the ICR for Scenario 2, and the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4.
Table 12: Contribution of Individual Compounds to ICR – Scenarios 2 - 4
Percent Contribution (%) 1
Receptor
Arsenic
Chromium
(VI)
PAHs
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Other
ICR
Scenario 2
2
9.9
26.6
10.2
9.9
36.6
6.8
1.41 x10-6
3
10.3
21.7
9.9
10.0
40.9
7.2
5.42 x10-7
4
13.7
23.4
7.2
7.8
40.5
7.3
9.38 x10-7
5
12.3
16.8
6.3
7.7
48.4
8.4
8.03 x10-7
6
10.1
13.3
10.5
10.5
47.2
8.4
3.90 x10-7
7
10.4
13.2
10.0
10.1
47.9
8.4
4.32 x10-7
8
12.2
15.4
6.6
7.9
49.5
8.3
5.72 x10-7
9
11.8
13.6
7.3
8.7
50.2
8.4
5.75 x10-7
10
12.1
15.2
6.8
8.1
49.4
8.3
5.98 x10-7
11
12.2
18.5
6.8
7.7
46.8
8.0
5.54 x10-7
12
10.0
22.0
12.1
9.9
38.8
7.2
6.86 x10-7
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 28
Table 12: Contribution of Individual Compounds to ICR – Scenarios 2 - 4
Percent Contribution (%) 1
Receptor
Arsenic
Chromium
(VI)
PAHs
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Other
ICR
Scenario 3
2
9.5
26.3
10.6
10.4
36.1
7.0
1.40 x10-6
3
10.5
21.7
9.6
10.1
41.0
7.1
5.54 x10-7
4
12.4
19.7
7.3
8.5
44.4
7.7
8.42 x10-7
5
13.1
16.1
5.6
7.6
49.0
8.7
7.76 x10-7
6
10.9
13.8
9.5
10.4
47.3
8.2
3.66 x10-7
7
11.1
13.6
9.1
10.0
47.8
8.4
4.08 x10-7
8
12.8
15.6
6.6
8.2
48.1
8.8
5.61 x10-7
9
12.4
13.9
7.3
9.0
48.6
8.8
5.57 x10-7
10
12.7
15.4
6.9
8.4
47.8
8.7
5.86 x10-7
11
12.8
18.5
6.7
7.9
45.6
8.5
5.51 x10-7
12
10.3
21.2
12.0
10.2
38.7
7.6
7.06 x10-7
Scenario 4
2
9.6
26.4
10.7
10.4
35.8
7.1
1.39 x10-6
3
10.6
21.8
9.7
10.1
40.7
7.1
5.52 x10-7
4
12.5
19.8
7.5
8.6
44.0
7.7
8.39 x10-7
5
13.1
16.1
5.8
7.7
48.5
8.7
7.72 x10-7
6
10.9
13.9
9.7
10.4
46.8
8.2
3.64 x10-7
7
11.2
13.7
9.3
10.0
47.3
8.4
4.06 x10-7
8
12.9
15.7
6.9
8.2
47.5
8.8
5.58 x10-7
9
12.4
14.0
7.6
9.0
48.1
8.9
5.54 x10-7
10
12.7
15.5
7.2
8.5
47.3
8.8
5.82 x10-7
11
12.9
18.6
7.0
7.9
45.1
8.5
5.48 x10-7
12
Notes:
10.4
21.3
12.3
10.2
38.2
7.7
7.03 x10-7
Values that appear shaded represent the largest individual pollutant contribution for the given receptor location.
From Table 12 it can be seen that emissions of formaldehyde account for nearly half of the
ICR at many of the receptor locations, with emissions of chromium (VI) the next most
significant contributor to the ICR for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4. Formaldehyde
emissions also contribute most significantly to the ICR at all of the receptor locations for
Scenario 2.
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
5.5
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 29
Irritancy
For the purposes of this screening assessment irritancy refers to a direct physiological
response arising from short-term exposure to a compound that may result in mild, transient
adverse health effects that are reversible upon cessation of exposure. The likelihood that
exposure to a compound will result in sensory irritation can be assessed by comparison of
the exposure concentration to the irritancy threshold. Acute health protective guidelines are
designed to be more stringent (i.e. health protective) than irritancy thresholds, therefore
exposure concentrations that are below the acute health protective guidelines implicitly are
also below the irritancy thresholds and hence do not represent a cause for concern with
respect to irritancy. As the acute HI for the proposed Scenarios 3 and 4 are predicted to be
less than one at all of the receptor locations, it can be concluded that the potential for
emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery to cause irritation is very low.
5.6
Uncertainties Associated with Calculated Risks
The risk assessment process relies on a set of assumptions and estimates with varying
degrees of certainty and variability. Major sources of uncertainty in risk assessment include:

natural variability (e.g., differences in body weight in a population);

lack of knowledge about basic physical, chemical, and biological properties and
processes;

assumptions in the models used to estimate key inputs (e.g., air dispersion
modelling, dose response models); and

measurement error (e.g. in characterising emissions).
Perhaps the greatest single source of uncertainty in risk assessment is in the dose-response
relationships for chemicals, particularly in relation to carcinogenic unit risks.
For this screening assessment, uniformly conservative assumptions have been used to
ensure that potential exposures and associated health risks are over- rather than underestimated. As a result of the compounding of conservatism, the quantitative risk indicators
are considered to be upper-bound estimates, with the actual risk likely to be lower.
5.6.1 Emissions Characterisation and Quantification Uncertainty
There is uncertainty associated with the identification and quantification of atmospheric
emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery. The emission estimates were based on emissions
testing results obtained by independent NATA accredited sampling contractors and
analytical laboratories using appropriate techniques including quality control and quality
assurance procedures. Alcoa believes that the uncertainty in emission rates associated with
process variation is expected to be lower now than at the time of the original PEU HRA,
since the emissions monitoring database is now significantly larger and more representative
of current refinery operations, due to five years of operating post PEU commissioning. This
results in lower inherent statistical uncertainty for several emissions sources – in particular
the regularly monitored combustion sources. Significant uncertainty still remains however
for sources where monitoring data remains sparse and/or highly variable as per the original
2008 HRA (Patrick Coffey pers comm. 4 December 2014).
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Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
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5.6.2 Estimation of Exposure Concentration Uncertainty
The air dispersion modelling was completed by Air Assessments. The assumptions used in
the modelling are discussed in Air Assessment (2014) and have not been reviewed as part
of this screening assessment.
The maximum and 9th highest acute HIs were calculated based on 1-hour, and rolling 8-hour
and 24-hour average, predicted GLCs. The maximum acute HI is predicted to occur once
per year under the “worst-case” meteorological conditions and therefore provides the most
conservative estimate of exposure concentrations. The 9th highest acute HI is predicted to
occur for only 0.1% of the time at any given receptor location. Therefore, for the vast
majority of the year, the potential acute health effects are expected to be less significant than
the calculated acute HIs suggest.
5.6.3 Exposure Assumptions Uncertainty
To calculate the incremental carcinogenic risk it has been assumed that residences located
at the key receptor locations spend every hour of every day outdoors at that location for 70
years. Clearly, these exposure conditions are unlikely to be realised, because the actual
exposure concentrations (of substances originating at the refinery) in the indoor environment
are reasonably expected to be lower than experienced in the outdoor air, and the exposure
frequency (i.e. days per year) and exposure duration (years) likely to be considerably lower
as people move about.
The screening assessment has been confined to exposure via the inhalation pathway,
raising the possibility that the total exposure to specific compounds may have been
underestimated. Notwithstanding, inhalation is expected to represent the most significant
exposure route (refer to Section 3.5).
5.6.4 Toxicity Assessment Uncertainty
The primary uncertainties associated with the toxicity assessment are related to the
derivation of the health protective guidelines. Health protective guidelines published by
reputable authorities have been applied for this assessment, and these have been derived
by applying various conservative (i.e. health protective) assumptions. The extrapolation of
animal bioassay results or occupational exposure studies to human risk at much lower levels
of exposure involves a number of assumptions regarding effect threshold, interspecies
extrapolation, high- to low-dose extrapolation, and route-to-route extrapolation. The
scientific validity of these assumptions is uncertain; because each of the individual
extrapolations are intended to prevent underestimation of risk, in concert they result in
unquantifiable but potentially very significant overestimation of risk.
5.6.5 Risk Characterisation Uncertainty
It should be noted that the summing of the quantitative risk indicators for individual
compounds to calculate the overall risk from exposure to multiple compounds does not take
into account that different compounds can target different organs and therefore the potential
health risk arising from exposure to multiple compounds is not necessarily additive, nor does
it account for potential antagonistic or synergistic effects. However, the additive approach is
considered to be appropriate for screening assessment purposes, and is considered to be
conservative (i.e. health protective) in most circumstances.
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Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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6 Summary
ENVIRON has revised the screening assessment of the potential health risks arising from
atmospheric emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery, to determine the potential risks
associated with the proposed incremental increase in alumina production capacity to 5 Mtpa
at the Pinjarra Refinery.
The approach used to conduct the revised health risk screening assessment is broadly
consistent with the approach used for the previous screening assessment
(ENVIRON, 2008), although the method used for the acute exposure assessment has been
modified to reduce overly conservative estimates of potential acute non-carcinogenic health
risk. Changes to the health protective guidelines that have occurred since 2008 have been
identified and incorporated into the screening assessment, to ensure the most current
guideline values are applied.
The revised assessment has been based on emission estimates derived by Alcoa for
refinery point sources, fugitive sources including the RSA and bauxite stockpiles, and the
Alinta Cogeneration Plant, for a number of different scenarios (Table 1) that represent the
currently approved alumina production capacity of 4.2 Mtpa, and the proposed incremental
increase in the alumina production capacity up to 5 Mtpa.
Quantitative health risk indicators were calculated for exposure via the inhalation pathway to
atmospheric emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery in isolation, and therefore did not take into
account the alternative exposure pathways (e.g. ingestion, dermal absorption), nor other
sources of atmospheric emissions of these compounds. The quantitative health risk
indicators that were calculated for discrete receptors located in the vicinity of the Pinjarra
Refinery include:

acute HI:
for the assessment of potential acute (short-term) non-carcinogenic
health effects;

chronic HI:
for the assessment of potential chronic (long-term) non-carcinogenic
health effects; and

ICR:
for the assessment of potential incremental carcinogenic risk.
Based upon the results of the screening assessment it can be concluded that, in relation to
the proposed increased in the alumina production capacity of the Pinjarra Refinery to
5 Mtpa, the potential for emissions to cause acute or chronic non-carcinogenic health effects
is low. The results of the screening assessment indicate that the potential for emissions to
contribute to the incidence of cancer in the exposed population is also low.
In general, production at the higher alumina production rate of 5Mtpa at the Pinjarra Refinery
is expected to result in an increase in the quantitative health risk indicators of the order of
10% or less at most of the receptor locations. The increases are not considered significant
as they do not affect the outcomes of the previous assessment (ENVIRON, 2008) in terms of
risk of potential health effects.
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Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
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At a number of the receptor locations the acute HI is predicted to decrease with the
proposed increase in the alumina production capacity. This predicted change in acute HI is
due to fugitive dust management measures implemented in the RSA since the
commissioning of the PEU, which have resulted in the significant reduction in fugitive dust
impacts from this source. The reduction in the acute HI is predicted to be most significant at
the nearest residence in the Pinjarra town site (Receptor 4) which is located west of the RSA
and downwind of the prevailing easterly winds. A reduction in the acute HI provides a further
margin of safety in terms of potential acute non-carcinogenic health effects.
The acute HI is mainly attributable to emissions of mercury, PM10, NOx and nickel. Although
the relative contribution of these compounds varies for the different scenarios and receptor
locations considered in the assessment, the maximum acute HI is attributable largely to
mercury emissions at many of the receptor locations. The relative contribution of mercury
has increased compared to the previous screening assessment (ENVIRON, 2008), due to
the revision of the acute health protective guideline for mercury which is now a factor of
three times more stringent.
The increased emissions of CO during part load operation of the Alinta Cogeneration Plant
are predicted to only marginally increase the maximum acute HI at the discrete receptor
locations considered, and therefore does not affect the outcomes of the screening
assessment in terms of risk of potential health effects.
The chronic HI is mainly attributable to emissions of NOx and mercury, and to a lesser extent
cadmium, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. NOx emissions account for approximately half of
the chronic HI at many of the receptor locations.
The ICR is mainly attributable to emissions of formaldehyde and chromium (VI), and to a
lesser extent arsenic, PAHs and acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde emissions account for nearly
half of the ICR at many of the receptor locations.
As with any risk evaluation, there are areas of uncertainty in this screening assessment. To
ensure that potential risks are not underestimated, uniformly conservative assumptions have
been used to characterise exposure and toxicity. Due to the resultant compounding of
conservatism, the quantitative risk indicators should be considered as over-estimates of
potential health risks associated with emissions from the Pinjarra Refinery.
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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7 References
Alcoa of Australia Ltd, 2014. Personal communication of 4 December 2014, from Geoff
Tindall of Alcoa, Pinjarra.
Alcoa of Australia Ltd, 2005. “Elimination of Specific Dioxin and Furan Emissions from
Pinjarra Oxalate Kiln by the Reformulation of Process Additives”, Authors Marisa
Ioppolo-Armanios and Ian Harrison, Alcoa Technology Delivery Group. Internal
report/memorandum to Alcoa World Alumina Australia, October 2005.
Air Assessments Ltd, 2014. ”Pinjarra Alumina Refinery, Air Quality Modelling for 2014
Health Risk Assessment, Final”, December 2014
Air Assessments Ltd, 2008. “Pinjarra Refinery Efficiency Upgrade Air Quality Modelling for
the 2008 HRA”, July 2008.
American Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (ATSDR). 2012. “Toxicological Profile for
Cadmium”, September 2012.
American Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (ATSDR). 2004. “Toxicological Profile for
Ammonia”, September 2004.
American Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (ATSDR). 1990. “Toxicological Profile for
Ammonia”, December 1990.
Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 2005.
“Meteorological and Dispersion Modelling Using TAPM for Wagerup Phase 3A: HRA
(Health Risk Assessment) Concentration Modelling – Current Emission Scenario Final
Report” CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Report C/0986, February 2005.
Coffey P., Ioppolo-Armanios M., Cox S. Jones M., Logiudice A. and Gwynne K. 2002
“Wagerup Refinery Air Emissions Inventory – Final Report Part I”, September.
ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd, 2007. “Screening Health Risk Assessment of Particulate
Emissions from Alcoa’s Pinjarra Refinery Residue Disposal Area”, October 2007.
ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd, 2004. “Screening Level Multi-Pathway Exposure Assessment
for the Pinjarra Refinery Residue Disposal Area.” Unpublished report.
ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd, 2003. “Pinjarra Refinery Efficiency Upgrade: Air Quality Data
Environmental Protection Statement”, October 2003.
Ecowise Environmental, 2007. “Evaluation of Dust Emissions Monitoring Report, Dec 2005
– Dec 2006.” Prepared for Alcoa World Alumina Australia.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2012. “IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; v. 100C.”
Ioppolo-Armanios M. 2002. “Memo: Analysis of Dioxins and Furans in Pinjarra Oxalate
Stack Emissions-Data Set 2”, September.
Ioppolo-Armanios M. and Coffey P. 2002. “Pinjarra and Kwinana Refinery: Air Emissions
Inventory - Final Report Part II”, December.
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page 34
National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), 2014. “Draft Variation to the National
Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure Impact Statement”, Prepared for
the National Environment Protection Council, July 2014.
National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), 2004, “National Environment Protection
(Air Toxics) Measure”, April 2004.
National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), 2003, “National Environment Protection
(Ambient Air Quality) Measure”, July 2003.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2014. “Air Toxics Hot Spots
Program Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Non-cancer Reference
Exposure Levels (Updated July 2014)”, July 2014.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2014a. “Benzene Reference
Exposure Levels Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Noncancer
Reference Exposure Levels Appendix D1 (Final Report)”, June.2014.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2012. “Nickel Reference
Exposure Levels (Final)”, February 2012.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2008. “Air Toxics Hot Spots
Program Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Non-cancer Reference
Exposure Levels”, December 2008.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2000. “Air Toxics Hot Spots
Program Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Non-cancer Chronic
Reference Exposure Levels”, February 2000.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 1999. “Air Toxics Hot Spots
Program The Derivation of Acute Non-cancer Reference Exposure Levels for Airborne
Toxicants”, March 1999.
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 2001. “Re-evaluation of
human-toxicological maximum permissible risk levels (RIVM report 711701 025)”, A.J.
Baars, R.M.C. Theelen, P.J.C.M. Janssen, J.M. Hesse, M.E. van Apeldoorn, M.C.M.
Meijerink, L. Verdam, M.J. Zeolmaker,, March 2001.
Toxikos Pty Ltd (Toxikos), 2003. “Health Risk and Toxicological Assessment of Emissions
from the Upgraded Alcoa Pinjarra Alumina Refinery”, November 2003.
World Health Organisation (WHO), 2003. “Concise International Chemical Assessment
Document 50 Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds: Human Health
Aspects”.
World Health Organisation (WHO), 2000. “Air Quality Guidelines for Europe 2nd Edition”.
World Health Organisation (WHO / International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS),
1998. “Environmental Health Criteria 202. Selected Non-Heterocyclic Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons”.
7.1
Previous reports
ENVIRON Australia Pty Ltd, 2008. “Health Risk Screening Assessment of the Upgraded
Pinjarra Refinery”, July 2008.
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Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
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8 Limitations
ENVIRON Australia prepared this report in accordance with the scope of work as outlined in
our proposal to Alcoa of Australia Ltd dated 29 October 2014 and in accordance with our
understanding and interpretation of current regulatory standards.
The conclusions presented in this report represent ENVIRON’s professional judgment based
on information made available during the course of this assignment and are true and correct
to the best of ENVIRON’s knowledge as at the date of the assessment.
ENVIRON did not independently verify all of the written or oral information provided to
ENVIRON during the course of this investigation. While ENVIRON has no reason to doubt
the accuracy of the information provided to it, the report is complete and accurate only to the
extent that the information provided to ENVIRON was itself complete and accurate.
This report does not purport to give legal advice. This advice can only be given by qualified
legal advisors.
8.1
User Reliance
This report has been prepared exclusively for Alcoa of Australia Ltd and may not be relied
upon by any other person or entity without ENVIRON’s express written permission.
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ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Figures
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ENVIRON
South Lake
(PM10, PM2.5)
Wattleup (SO2)
Hope Valley
(NO2)
Abercrombie Road
(PM10)
Hillman Child Health
Centre (NO2)
Kwinana Town
Centre (PM2.5)
Rockingham
(SO2, NO2)
Calista Primary
School (NO2)
Rockingham Shopping
Centre (PM2.5)
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
Location of Receptors in Relation to the
Pinjarra Refinery
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 1
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
Maximum Acute Hazard Index for Scenarios 1 - 4
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 2
South Lake
(PM10, PM2.5)
Wattleup (SO2)
Hope Valley
(NO2)
Abercrombie Road
(PM10)
Hillman Child Health
Centre (NO2)
Kwinana Town
Centre (PM2.5)
Rockingham
(SO2, NO2)
Calista Primary
School (NO2)
Rockingham Shopping
Centre (PM2.5)
Scenario 2
Scenario 4
Contours of the Maximum Acute Hazard Index for
Scenarios 2 and 4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 3
South Lake
(PM10, PM2.5)
Wattleup (SO2)
Hope Valley
(NO2)
Abercrombie Road
(PM10)
Hillman Child Health
Centre (NO2)
Kwinana Town
Centre (PM2.5)
Rockingham
(SO2, NO2)
Calista Primary
School (NO2)
Rockingham Shopping
Centre (PM2.5)
Scenario 2
Scenario 4
Contours of the 9th Highest Acute Hazard Index for
Scenarios 2 and 4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
Chronic Hazard Index for Scenarios 1 - 4
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 5
South Lake
(PM10, PM2.5)
Wattleup (SO2)
Hope Valley
(NO2)
Abercrombie Road
(PM10)
Hillman Child Health
Centre (NO2)
Kwinana Town
Centre (PM2.5)
Rockingham
(SO2, NO2)
Calista Primary
School (NO2)
Rockingham Shopping
Centre (PM2.5)
Scenario 2
Scenario 4
Contours of the Chronic Hazard Index for
Scenarios 2 and 4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 6
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
Incremental Carcinogenic Risk for Scenarios 1 - 4
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 7
South Lake
(PM10, PM2.5)
Wattleup (SO2)
Hope Valley
(NO2)
Abercrombie Road
(PM10)
Hillman Child Health
Centre (NO2)
Kwinana Town
Centre (PM2.5)
Rockingham
(SO2, NO2)
Calista Primary
School (NO2)
Rockingham Shopping
Centre (PM2.5)
Scenario 1A
Scenario 4
Contours of Incremental Carcinogenic Risk for
Scenarios 1A and 4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 8
South Lake
(PM10, PM2.5)
Wattleup (SO2)
Hope Valley
(NO2)
Abercrombie Road
(PM10)
Hillman Child Health
Centre (NO2)
Kwinana Town
Centre (PM2.5)
Rockingham
(SO2, NO2)
Calista Primary
School (NO2)
Rockingham Shopping
Centre (PM2.5)
Scenario 2
Scenario 4
Contours of Incremental Carcinogenic Risk for
Scenarios 2 and 4
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk
Screening Assessment
JOB NO: AS110754
DATE: December 2014
FIGURE 9
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Appendix A
Tabulated Data and Results
AS110754
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra
Refinery\Report\Final Report\AS110754 - Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment_141211_Final.docx
ENVIRON
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.1
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
TABLE A.1: COMPOUND LIST AND TOTAL MASS EMISSION ESTIMATES (1)
No. CAS No. or Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
PAHs
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Oxides of Nitrogen
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter <10 µm
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (VI)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
PAHs (BaP Equivalents) (2)
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Scenario 1 and 1A (g/s)
Average Case
6.30E+01
3.52E+01
1.31E+00
2.58E+01
1.90E-03
3.75E-04
3.50E-03
4.42E-04
8.11E-05
1.43E-03
1.36E-02
6.47E-01
4.37E-06
1.87E+00
1.52E+00
9.59E-01
1.90E-01
5.26E-02
4.31E-02
7.45E-03
Peak Case
1.20E+02
1.53E+02
7.39E+00
3.22E+01
5.36E-03
6.84E-04
1.15E-02
1.19E-03
2.87E-04
4.57E-03
1.89E-02
1.03E+00
8.68E-06
5.13E+00
2.45E+00
2.51E+00
3.11E-01
1.63E-01
1.13E-01
1.68E-02
Scenario 2
Average Case
5.88E+01
2.63E+01
9.64E-01
2.68E+01
2.10E-03
3.92E-04
3.94E-03
4.97E-04
7.91E-05
1.54E-03
1.53E-02
7.07E-01
9.14E-06
1.63E+00
1.38E+00
1.01E+00
2.01E-01
8.65E-02
6.23E-02
9.01E-03
Peak Case
8.79E+01
1.17E+02
3.66E+00
3.02E+01
5.83E-03
7.35E-04
1.29E-02
1.40E-03
2.87E-04
4.83E-03
2.12E-02
1.03E+00
1.31E-05
5.68E+00
2.83E+00
2.91E+00
4.51E-01
2.16E-01
1.41E-01
1.78E-02
Scenario 3
Average Case
5.79E+01
3.20E+01
1.10E+00
2.49E+01
2.34E-03
4.05E-04
4.47E-03
5.72E-04
7.40E-05
1.69E-03
1.73E-02
7.08E-01
7.82E-06
1.60E+00
1.38E+00
1.02E+00
1.97E-01
8.36E-02
6.10E-02
8.85E-03
Peak Case
9.09E+01
1.27E+02
4.27E+00
3.09E+01
6.44E-03
7.46E-04
1.43E-02
1.52E-03
2.82E-04
5.04E-03
2.32E-02
1.03E+00
1.27E-05
5.95E+00
2.98E+00
3.17E+00
4.58E-01
2.29E-01
1.46E-01
1.79E-02
Scenario 4
Average Case
5.86E+01
2.20E+02
1.10E+00
2.49E+01
2.34E-03
4.05E-04
4.47E-03
5.72E-04
7.40E-05
1.69E-03
1.73E-02
6.46E-01
8.65E-06
1.60E+00
1.38E+00
1.02E+00
1.97E-01
8.36E-02
6.11E-02
8.85E-03
Peak Case
8.82E+01
7.52E+02
4.26E+00
2.85E+01
6.44E-03
7.46E-04
1.43E-02
1.52E-03
2.82E-04
5.04E-03
2.32E-02
1.03E+00
1.27E-05
5.96E+00
2.98E+00
3.18E+00
4.58E-01
2.29E-01
1.46E-01
1.79E-02
Notes
(1) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) reported as Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) Equivalents.
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.2
TABLE A.2: SCENARIO 1 AND 1A AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.05E-01
4.80E-01
CO
2.45E-01
8.06E-02
SO2
1.01E-02
1.30E+00
2.61E+00
3.48E+00
4.94E+00
3.19E+00
1.79E+00
6.98E+00
1.79E+01
2.01E+01
7.85E+00
4.76E+00
7.48E+00
3.42E+00
1.48E-01
3.95E-02
1.04E+00
3.19E+00
6.94E+00
3.96E-01
2.82E-01
4.40E-01
1.04E-01
5.82E-03
6.19E-03
1.51E-02
2.76E-02
2.72E-02
Dust
1.45E-02
1.30E+00
4.38E-01
5.57E-01
1.89E-01
Arsenic
1.80E-04
2.46E-05
Selenium
7.55E-05
3.82E-05
Manganese
Cadmium
6.55E-05
1.23E-05
5.14E-04
4.65E-04
4.58E-04
6.83E-05
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
3.47E-05
3.14E-05
3.09E-05
7.65E-05
8.86E-04
8.02E-04
7.90E-04
6.64E-04
2.97E-09
1.39E-09
6.84E-09
2.13E-08
2.03E-08
7.73E-05
7.00E-05
6.89E-05
2.10E-04
1.12E-09
5.26E-10
2.58E-09
8.05E-09
7.69E-09
Chromium VI
9.05E-06
4.99E-05
Nickel
4.41E-05
3.71E-04
Mercury
9.85E-04
4.18E-03
7.22E-10
3.38E-10
1.66E-09
3.30E-08
3.15E-08
2.43E-04
2.20E-04
2.17E-04
2.32E-04
8.50E-10
3.98E-10
1.95E-09
6.09E-09
5.81E-09
6.12E-04
5.54E-04
5.45E-04
1.23E-03
6.02E-10
2.82E-10
1.38E-09
4.32E-09
4.12E-09
Ammonia
PAHs
3.53E-02
2.02E-07
1.83E-07
1.80E-07
1.93E-07
3.21E-06
Acetone
2.91E-03
2.95E-03
5.41E-03
1.50E-01
1.36E-01
1.34E-01
1.43E-01
5.27E-03
8.98E-03
1.54E-02
4.52E-02
2.09E-01
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
2.59E-08
3.31E-07
6.59E-02
3.42E-03
1.24E-01
2.31E-02
1.69E-02
5.81E-03
3.17E-02
3.13E-02
2.97E-02
9.17E-03
9.34E-03
3.04E-03
4.10E-02
2.95E-07
6.27E-01
1.63E-09
3.36E-01
2.14E-07
3.93E-07
2.56E-06
2.28E-04
2.76E-01
2.82E-07
1.96E-06
7.16E-07
9.50E+00
1.38E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
9.50E-06
1.78E-04
4.75E-06
7.99E-05
5.70E-05
2.34E-04
7.60E-07
2.89E-06
0.00E+00
2.20E-05
2.28E-05
7.72E-05
8.55E-07
5.23E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.3
TABLE A.2: SCENARIO 1 AND 1A AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.05E-01
4.80E-01
CO
2.45E-01
8.06E-02
1.30E+00
2.61E+00
3.48E+00
4.94E+00
3.19E+00
1.79E+00
6.98E+00
1.79E+01
2.01E+01
7.85E+00
4.76E+00
7.48E+00
3.42E+00
1.48E-01
3.95E-02
1.04E+00
3.19E+00
6.94E+00
Acetaldehyde
1.22E-03
1.96E-03
2.23E-01
2.02E-01
1.99E-01
2.12E-01
2.45E-03
8.23E-02
1.50E-02
4.06E-03
8.65E-02
1.26E-02
7.18E-03
2.47E-03
9.49E-03
1.85E-02
2.51E-02
3.50E-03
9.17E-03
1.31E-03
1.02E-02
3.90E-01
Formaldehyde
2.35E-01
2.13E-01
2.10E-01
1.55E-01
6.63E-03
7.36E-03
1.74E-02
6.20E-04
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.53E-04
7.78E-04
8.36E-03
7.57E-03
7.45E-03
7.96E-03
4.47E-05
1.09E-02
9.87E-03
9.72E-03
1.04E-02
4.82E-05
2.26E-05
1.11E-04
3.28E-04
1.64E-04
2.43E-03
3.03E-02
2.06E-05
9.78E-06
2.93E-05
1.47E-03
9.03E-03
3.36E-03
2.62E-03
9.01E-04
5.50E-03
8.02E-03
8.29E-03
1.03E-03
1.40E-03
3.27E-04
6.77E-03
1.14E-01
7.69E-02
1.75E-04
4.00E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
7.00E-05
4.44E-05
1.91E-05
1.14E-04
6.63E-05
1.11E-02
Toluene
1.34E-04
4.84E-04
5.91E-04
3.88E-03
3.51E-03
3.46E-03
3.70E-03
Xylenes
1.44E-04
3.80E-04
3.44E-04
3.39E-04
3.62E-04
2.12E-05
1.06E-05
2.21E-04
3.04E-04
1.20E-05
6.18E-06
6.94E-04
5.36E-04
1.84E-04
1.48E-03
3.31E-03
4.42E-03
5.03E-05
3.33E-05
5.00E-05
1.91E-05
9.63E-04
1.41E-03
6.32E-04
6.39E-05
8.99E-05
1.21E-03
1.59E-05
3.86E-04
1.57E-02
2.14E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.4
TABLE A.3: SCENARIO 1 AND 1A PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
4.52E-01
8.51E-01
CO
2.07E+00
1.50E-01
SO2
7.37E-02
0.00E+00
Dust
3.65E-02
0.00E+00
Arsenic
4.12E-04
8.88E-05
Selenium
2.08E-04
1.17E-04
Manganese
Cadmium
2.62E-04
7.52E-05
6.48E+00
9.26E+00
1.01E+01
1.17E+01
5.00E+00
2.56E+00
1.05E+01
2.39E+01
3.92E+01
2.70E+01
2.24E+01
2.95E+01
1.30E+01
1.13E+00
3.00E-01
1.19E+01
9.40E+00
3.59E+01
1.84E+00
1.89E+00
2.92E+00
5.74E-01
6.46E-03
6.88E-03
1.67E-02
3.06E-02
3.02E-02
5.80E+00
9.24E-01
1.78E+00
4.32E-01
1.48E-03
1.55E-03
1.47E-03
1.72E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
3.96E-05
4.14E-05
3.92E-05
1.44E-04
2.77E-03
2.90E-03
2.74E-03
2.50E-03
1.38E-08
6.44E-09
3.16E-08
9.87E-08
9.42E-08
1.78E-04
1.86E-04
1.76E-04
5.74E-04
3.06E-09
1.43E-09
7.03E-09
2.19E-08
2.09E-08
Chromium VI
2.17E-05
2.43E-04
Nickel
1.17E-04
2.53E-03
Mercury
1.40E-03
7.49E-03
1.22E-09
5.69E-10
2.79E-09
3.57E-08
3.41E-08
4.29E-04
4.49E-04
4.24E-04
5.17E-04
2.87E-09
1.34E-09
6.59E-09
2.06E-08
1.96E-08
7.59E-04
7.94E-04
7.51E-04
2.18E-03
2.29E-09
1.07E-09
5.27E-09
2.68E-08
2.56E-08
Ammonia
PAHs
Acetone
9.33E-03
5.42E-02
5.94E-07
6.21E-07
5.87E-07
5.17E-07
8.89E-06
1.54E-01
7.46E-01
7.80E-01
7.38E-01
6.50E-01
1.88E-02
1.84E-02
4.80E-02
8.89E-02
4.25E-01
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
5.79E-08
5.51E-07
2.14E-01
4.26E-03
2.66E-01
3.21E-02
5.61E-02
6.88E-03
5.74E-02
6.48E-02
3.69E-02
2.67E-02
1.08E-02
4.13E-03
4.76E-02
2.95E-07
6.27E-01
1.75E-09
4.34E-01
5.03E-07
1.04E-06
6.94E-06
2.28E-04
5.38E-01
8.98E-07
3.32E-06
1.24E-06
9.50E+00
1.38E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.00E-06
1.29E-05
5.00E-07
5.80E-06
6.00E-06
1.70E-05
8.00E-08
2.10E-07
0.00E+00
1.60E-06
2.40E-06
5.60E-06
9.00E-08
3.80E-04
9.50E-06
1.78E-04
4.75E-06
7.99E-05
5.70E-05
2.34E-04
7.60E-07
2.89E-06
0.00E+00
2.20E-05
2.28E-05
7.72E-05
8.55E-07
5.23E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.5
TABLE A.3: SCENARIO 1 AND 1A PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
4.52E-01
8.51E-01
CO
2.07E+00
1.50E-01
6.48E+00
9.26E+00
1.01E+01
1.17E+01
5.00E+00
2.56E+00
1.05E+01
2.39E+01
3.92E+01
2.70E+01
2.24E+01
2.95E+01
1.30E+01
1.13E+00
3.00E-01
1.19E+01
9.40E+00
3.59E+01
Acetaldehyde
5.28E-02
3.72E-01
3.89E-01
3.68E-01
3.24E-01
4.30E-03
1.58E-01
Formaldehyde
5.94E-01
6.21E-01
5.87E-01
5.17E-01
1.41E-02
1.49E-02
3.65E-02
1.34E-03
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
3.58E-04
Toluene
3.58E-04
Xylenes
2.31E-02
1.85E-02
1.93E-02
1.83E-02
1.61E-02
2.50E-03
3.79E-02
3.96E-02
3.75E-02
3.30E-02
6.37E-05
2.98E-05
1.46E-04
2.10E-02
1.42E-02
1.48E-02
1.40E-02
1.23E-02
6.37E-05
2.98E-05
1.46E-04
5.50E-03
8.58E-04
8.97E-04
8.48E-04
7.47E-04
3.30E-04
8.60E-04
1.24E-05
6.30E-06
7.78E-04
1.91E-03
3.36E-04
2.44E-03
5.00E-03
7.72E-03
8.40E-05
6.67E-05
1.74E-04
3.06E-05
1.38E-03
1.78E-03
9.65E-04
8.40E-05
1.38E-04
1.39E-03
1.55E-05
4.11E-04
1.57E-02
2.14E-03
4.30E-03
5.75E-02
4.25E-02
5.74E-03
1.82E-01
1.31E-02
1.75E-02
3.09E-03
1.41E-02
4.56E-02
3.33E-02
8.70E-03
1.29E-02
1.93E-03
1.23E-02
1.45E-02
0.00E+00
2.08E-05
1.90E-05
5.71E-05
1.91E-03
1.70E-02
3.39E-03
7.12E-03
1.25E-03
9.87E-03
1.30E-02
1.16E-02
2.07E-03
1.69E-03
5.49E-04
7.63E-03
3.90E-01
1.14E-01
7.69E-02
3.02E-04
7.66E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
7.93E-05
1.74E-04
3.06E-05
1.80E-04
7.11E-05
1.68E-04
1.11E-02
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.6
TABLE A.4: SCENARIO 2 AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.18E-01
5.93E-01
CO
1.83E-01
3.25E-02
SO2
1.07E-02
7.26E-02
Dust
1.05E-02
1.43E+00
2.51E+00
3.08E+00
2.94E+00
2.43E+00
3.08E+00
6.52E+00
1.86E+01
1.74E+01
5.52E+00
5.03E+00
5.51E+00
5.50E+00
7.49E-02
3.06E-01
1.29E+00
1.96E+00
8.54E-01
3.06E-01
1.50E-01
2.25E-01
1.17E-01
5.82E-03
6.19E-03
1.51E-02
2.76E-02
2.72E-02
7.43E-01
3.26E-01
3.58E-01
3.20E-01
Arsenic
1.63E-04
2.39E-05
Selenium
6.86E-05
3.71E-05
Manganese
Cadmium
6.37E-05
1.20E-05
5.77E-04
5.43E-04
5.21E-04
7.62E-05
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
3.89E-05
3.66E-05
3.51E-05
8.53E-05
9.95E-04
9.35E-04
8.98E-04
7.41E-04
2.48E-09
2.52E-09
6.79E-09
1.83E-08
1.80E-08
8.68E-05
8.16E-05
7.83E-05
2.35E-04
1.31E-09
1.33E-09
3.58E-09
9.61E-09
9.46E-09
Chromium VI
8.23E-06
4.85E-05
Nickel
4.01E-05
3.61E-04
Mercury
8.95E-04
4.06E-03
6.02E-10
6.13E-10
1.65E-09
2.83E-08
2.78E-08
2.73E-04
2.56E-04
2.46E-04
2.59E-04
7.09E-10
7.21E-10
1.94E-09
5.22E-09
5.13E-09
6.87E-04
6.46E-04
6.19E-04
1.38E-03
5.02E-10
5.11E-10
1.38E-09
3.70E-09
3.64E-09
Ammonia
PAHs
3.43E-02
2.14E-07
2.04E-07
2.10E-07
1.99E-07
3.21E-06
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
1.63E-09
3.98E-01
2.14E-07
3.93E-07
2.56E-06
2.28E-04
2.76E-01
2.94E-07
1.67E-06
7.03E-07
2.51E-08
3.29E-07
1.10E+01
1.40E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.10E-05
1.80E-04
5.51E-06
8.11E-05
6.61E-05
2.38E-04
8.82E-07
2.94E-06
0.00E+00
2.24E-05
2.64E-05
7.83E-05
9.92E-07
6.73E-03
5.30E-06
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.7
TABLE A.4: SCENARIO 2 AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.18E-01
5.93E-01
1.43E+00
2.51E+00
3.08E+00
2.94E+00
2.43E+00
3.08E+00
6.52E+00
1.86E+01
1.74E+01
Acetone
2.64E-03
2.87E-03
9.73E-03
7.22E-02
6.89E-02
7.07E-02
6.70E-02
5.94E-03
1.63E-02
2.17E-02
Acetaldehyde
4.52E-02
1.99E-01
2.45E-03
7.83E-02
7.84E-02
3.42E-03
1.42E-01
2.31E-02
1.69E-02
5.80E-03
2.95E-02
3.10E-02
2.86E-02
8.68E-03
9.34E-03
2.95E-03
4.07E-02
1.47E-02
4.06E-03
9.91E-02
1.26E-02
7.17E-03
2.47E-03
9.01E-03
1.86E-02
2.43E-02
3.33E-03
9.17E-03
1.26E-03
1.01E-02
5.59E-03
2.06E-05
9.77E-06
2.93E-05
1.51E-02
1.47E-03
1.04E-02
3.36E-03
2.62E-03
9.01E-04
5.10E-03
7.84E-03
7.96E-03
9.84E-04
1.40E-03
3.18E-04
6.74E-03
6.26E-01
4.31E-01
1.31E-01
7.69E-02
1.19E-03
3.52E-03
1.68E-01
1.60E-01
1.64E-01
1.56E-01
Formaldehyde
2.15E-01
2.05E-01
2.10E-01
1.99E-01
6.20E-03
1.33E-02
2.07E-02
1.31E-04
1.69E-04
4.04E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.39E-04
1.40E-03
6.91E-03
6.59E-03
6.77E-03
6.41E-03
8.03E-05
1.15E-02
1.10E-02
1.13E-02
1.07E-02
4.02E-05
4.09E-05
1.10E-04
5.94E-04
3.14E-04
2.43E-03
2.90E-02
7.00E-05
5.33E-05
1.83E-05
1.08E-04
6.70E-05
4.12E-02
Toluene
1.22E-04
4.71E-04
1.06E-03
3.92E-03
3.74E-03
3.84E-03
3.64E-03
3.77E-05
3.84E-05
1.03E-04
Xylenes
2.60E-04
6.37E-04
6.07E-04
6.24E-04
5.91E-04
3.35E-04
3.03E-04
3.05E-04
3.16E-03
1.20E-05
6.18E-06
6.94E-04
5.33E-04
1.83E-04
1.42E-03
3.27E-03
4.54E-03
5.35E-05
5.33E-05
1.83E-05
9.36E-04
1.43E-03
6.42E-04
5.99E-05
8.72E-05
1.20E-03
1.54E-05
3.84E-04
2.98E-02
2.14E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.8
TABLE A.5: SCENARIO 2 PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
1.62E-01
3.70E-01
CO
6.17E-01
9.24E-02
SO2
7.10E-03
3.35E-02
Dust
7.83E-03
3.98E+00
5.42E+00
6.31E+00
7.19E+00
3.47E+00
4.64E+00
1.03E+01
2.31E+01
2.30E+01
1.96E+01
1.96E+01
2.12E+01
2.81E+01
8.69E-01
6.01E+00
1.43E+01
5.16E+00
1.49E+00
1.17E+00
5.79E-01
8.84E-01
8.95E-01
6.46E-03
6.88E-03
1.67E-02
3.06E-02
3.02E-02
2.12E+00
7.62E-01
1.15E+00
1.15E+00
Arsenic
4.12E-04
8.88E-05
Selenium
2.08E-04
1.17E-04
Manganese
Cadmium
2.62E-04
7.52E-05
1.78E-03
1.64E-03
1.51E-03
2.19E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
4.74E-05
4.36E-05
4.02E-05
1.83E-04
3.32E-03
3.05E-03
2.81E-03
3.18E-03
1.18E-08
1.20E-08
3.23E-08
8.67E-08
8.53E-08
2.13E-04
1.96E-04
1.81E-04
7.31E-04
2.62E-09
2.66E-09
7.17E-09
1.93E-08
1.90E-08
Chromium VI
2.17E-05
2.43E-04
Nickel
1.17E-04
2.53E-03
Mercury
1.40E-03
7.49E-03
1.04E-09
1.06E-09
2.85E-09
3.14E-08
3.09E-08
5.14E-04
4.72E-04
4.35E-04
6.58E-04
2.45E-09
2.50E-09
6.72E-09
1.81E-08
1.78E-08
9.09E-04
8.36E-04
7.70E-04
2.78E-03
2.18E-09
2.03E-09
5.49E-09
2.29E-08
2.29E-08
Ammonia
PAHs
5.42E-02
2.65E-07
2.44E-07
2.44E-07
2.46E-07
8.89E-06
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
1.87E-09
4.34E-01
5.03E-07
1.04E-06
6.94E-06
2.28E-04
5.38E-01
9.56E-07
3.68E-06
1.57E-06
6.51E-08
5.72E-07
1.10E+01
1.40E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.10E-05
1.80E-04
5.51E-06
8.11E-05
6.61E-05
2.38E-04
8.82E-07
2.94E-06
0.00E+00
2.24E-05
2.64E-05
7.83E-05
9.92E-07
6.73E-03
5.30E-06
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.9
TABLE A.5: SCENARIO 2 PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
1.62E-01
3.70E-01
3.98E+00
5.42E+00
6.31E+00
7.19E+00
3.47E+00
4.64E+00
1.03E+01
2.31E+01
2.30E+01
Acetone
9.30E-03
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
3.16E-03
1.59E-01
8.80E-01
8.10E-01
8.08E-01
8.15E-01
1.61E-02
3.42E-02
5.34E-02
5.44E-02
4.46E-01
4.10E-01
4.09E-01
4.13E-01
1.20E-02
2.65E-02
7.11E-01
6.54E-01
6.52E-01
6.58E-01
1.15E-02
2.77E-02
3.99E-02
7.40E-02
4.73E-01
3.58E-03
1.76E-01
1.36E-03
2.60E-01
3.42E-03
3.23E-01
3.21E-02
3.90E-02
6.87E-03
6.11E-02
7.18E-02
4.66E-02
1.46E-02
1.12E-02
4.65E-03
4.92E-02
5.04E-02
5.73E-03
2.21E-01
1.31E-02
1.40E-02
2.47E-03
1.50E-02
5.05E-02
4.21E-02
5.24E-03
1.31E-02
2.17E-03
1.30E-02
1.76E-02
0.00E+00
2.08E-05
2.06E-05
6.17E-05
6.30E-02
1.91E-03
2.04E-02
3.39E-03
7.11E-03
1.25E-03
1.05E-02
1.44E-02
1.46E-02
1.43E-03
1.77E-03
5.35E-04
7.58E-03
6.26E-01
4.31E-01
1.31E-01
7.69E-02
3.22E-04
8.84E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.31E-04
Toluene
7.75E-05
Xylenes
2.36E-02
3.55E-02
3.27E-02
3.26E-02
3.29E-02
2.58E-03
4.54E-02
4.18E-02
4.17E-02
4.20E-02
4.46E-05
4.54E-05
1.22E-04
2.16E-02
1.70E-02
1.56E-02
1.56E-02
1.57E-02
4.18E-05
4.26E-05
1.15E-04
5.66E-03
7.90E-04
7.26E-04
7.25E-04
7.31E-04
6.59E-04
3.49E-04
3.58E-03
6.42E-02
7.93E-05
1.73E-04
0.00E+00
1.91E-04
7.87E-05
4.12E-02
1.45E-03
7.16E-04
9.68E-04
4.20E-03
6.06E-05
6.30E-06
7.77E-04
1.91E-03
0.00E+00
2.60E-03
5.54E-03
6.93E-03
1.22E-04
1.73E-04
0.00E+00
1.47E-03
1.97E-03
1.17E-03
1.24E-04
1.56E-04
1.44E-03
1.77E-05
4.17E-04
2.98E-02
2.14E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.10
TABLE A.6: SCENARIO 3 AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.18E-01
5.93E-01
CO
1.83E-01
3.25E-02
SO2
1.07E-02
7.26E-02
Dust
1.00E-02
1.73E+00
2.78E+00
3.57E+00
3.35E+00
2.88E+00
3.27E+00
7.05E+00
1.67E+01
1.58E+01
6.66E+00
5.72E+00
6.36E+00
6.28E+00
8.87E-02
3.15E-01
1.41E+00
2.96E+00
1.99E+00
3.69E-01
1.69E-01
2.61E-01
1.34E-01
6.90E-03
6.72E-03
1.64E-02
2.47E-02
2.48E-02
8.98E-01
3.65E-01
4.22E-01
3.66E-01
Arsenic
1.63E-04
2.39E-05
Selenium
6.86E-05
3.71E-05
Manganese
0.00E+00
6.37E-05
Cadmium
0.00E+00
1.20E-05
6.98E-04
6.11E-04
6.08E-04
8.71E-05
4.71E-05
4.12E-05
4.10E-05
9.75E-05
1.20E-03
1.05E-03
1.05E-03
8.47E-04
2.94E-09
2.74E-09
7.40E-09
1.63E-08
1.63E-08
1.05E-04
9.19E-05
9.14E-05
2.68E-04
1.55E-09
1.44E-09
3.89E-09
8.60E-09
8.59E-09
Chromium VI
8.23E-06
4.85E-05
Nickel
4.01E-05
3.61E-04
Mercury
8.95E-04
4.06E-03
7.14E-10
6.65E-10
1.80E-09
2.53E-08
2.53E-08
3.30E-04
2.89E-04
2.87E-04
2.96E-04
8.40E-10
7.82E-10
2.11E-09
4.67E-09
4.66E-09
8.31E-04
7.27E-04
7.23E-04
1.57E-03
5.95E-10
5.54E-10
1.50E-09
3.31E-09
3.31E-09
Ammonia
PAHs
3.43E-02
3.21E-06
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
1.63E-09
3.98E-01
2.14E-07
3.93E-07
2.56E-06
2.28E-04
2.76E-01
2.94E-07
1.67E-06
7.03E-07
2.51E-08
3.29E-07
1.20E+01
1.08E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.20E-05
1.39E-04
5.99E-06
6.27E-05
7.19E-05
1.84E-04
9.58E-07
2.27E-06
0.00E+00
1.73E-05
2.88E-05
6.05E-05
1.08E-06
8.22E-03
4.80E-06
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.11
TABLE A.6: SCENARIO 3 AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.18E-01
5.93E-01
1.73E+00
2.78E+00
3.57E+00
3.35E+00
2.88E+00
3.27E+00
7.05E+00
1.67E+01
1.58E+01
Acetone
2.64E-03
2.87E-03
9.73E-03
7.22E-02
6.89E-02
7.07E-02
6.70E-02
7.04E-03
1.76E-02
2.29E-02
Acetaldehyde
4.52E-02
1.99E-01
2.45E-03
7.83E-02
7.84E-02
3.42E-03
1.60E-01
2.31E-02
1.69E-02
5.80E-03
2.95E-02
3.10E-02
2.86E-02
8.68E-03
9.34E-03
2.95E-03
4.07E-02
1.47E-02
4.06E-03
1.12E-01
1.26E-02
7.17E-03
2.47E-03
9.01E-03
1.86E-02
2.43E-02
3.33E-03
9.17E-03
1.26E-03
1.01E-02
5.59E-03
2.06E-05
9.77E-06
2.93E-05
1.51E-02
1.47E-03
1.16E-02
3.36E-03
2.62E-03
9.01E-04
5.10E-03
7.84E-03
7.96E-03
9.84E-04
1.40E-03
3.18E-04
6.74E-03
5.72E-01
4.15E-01
1.42E-01
7.09E-02
1.19E-03
3.52E-03
1.68E-01
1.60E-01
1.64E-01
1.56E-01
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.39E-04
2.15E-01
2.05E-01
2.10E-01
1.99E-01
7.35E-03
1.45E-02
2.21E-02
1.40E-03
6.91E-03
6.59E-03
6.77E-03
6.41E-03
0.00E+00
6.44E-04
3.03E-04
8.03E-05
1.15E-02
1.10E-02
1.13E-02
1.07E-02
4.76E-05
4.43E-05
1.20E-04
1.31E-04
2.43E-03
2.90E-02
1.69E-04
4.04E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
7.00E-05
5.33E-05
0.00E+00
1.08E-04
6.70E-05
3.84E-02
Toluene
4.71E-04
1.06E-03
3.92E-03
3.74E-03
3.84E-03
3.64E-03
4.47E-05
4.16E-05
1.12E-04
Xylenes
2.60E-04
6.37E-04
6.07E-04
6.24E-04
5.91E-04
3.35E-04
3.03E-04
3.05E-04
3.16E-03
1.20E-05
6.18E-06
6.94E-04
5.33E-04
0.00E+00
1.42E-03
3.27E-03
4.54E-03
5.35E-05
5.33E-05
0.00E+00
9.36E-04
1.43E-03
6.42E-04
5.99E-05
8.72E-05
1.20E-03
1.54E-05
3.84E-04
2.88E-02
2.00E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.12
TABLE A.7: SCENARIO 3 PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
4.62E-01
1.32E+00
CO
6.15E-01
1.77E-01
SO2
4.94E-02
2.72E-01
Dust
3.56E-02
4.31E+00
6.11E+00
6.77E+00
7.67E+00
3.85E+00
4.63E+00
1.05E+01
2.18E+01
2.36E+01
2.15E+01
2.28E+01
2.28E+01
3.00E+01
9.66E-01
5.74E+00
1.47E+01
4.87E+00
3.26E+00
1.28E+00
6.72E-01
9.48E-01
9.54E-01
7.18E-03
7.00E-03
1.70E-02
2.89E-02
3.09E-02
2.30E+00
8.66E-01
1.24E+00
1.23E+00
Arsenic
4.12E-04
8.88E-05
Selenium
2.08E-04
1.17E-04
Manganese
0.00E+00
2.62E-04
Cadmium
0.00E+00
7.52E-05
1.93E-03
1.89E-03
1.73E-03
2.34E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
5.15E-05
5.04E-05
4.62E-05
1.95E-04
3.60E-03
3.53E-03
3.23E-03
3.39E-03
1.31E-08
1.22E-08
3.29E-08
8.45E-08
8.43E-08
2.32E-04
2.27E-04
2.08E-04
7.80E-04
2.91E-09
2.71E-09
7.32E-09
1.88E-08
1.87E-08
Chromium VI
2.17E-05
2.43E-04
Nickel
1.17E-04
2.53E-03
Mercury
1.40E-03
7.49E-03
1.61E-09
1.50E-09
4.05E-09
3.06E-08
3.05E-08
5.58E-04
5.46E-04
5.00E-04
7.02E-04
2.73E-09
2.54E-09
6.86E-09
1.76E-08
1.76E-08
9.87E-04
9.66E-04
8.85E-04
2.96E-03
3.05E-09
2.85E-09
7.69E-09
1.48E-08
1.46E-08
Ammonia
PAHs
5.42E-02
2.88E-07
2.82E-07
2.61E-07
2.62E-07
8.89E-06
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
1.87E-09
4.34E-01
5.03E-07
1.04E-06
6.94E-06
2.28E-04
5.38E-01
9.56E-07
3.68E-06
1.57E-06
6.51E-08
5.72E-07
1.20E+01
1.08E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.20E-05
1.39E-04
5.99E-06
6.27E-05
7.19E-05
1.84E-04
9.58E-07
2.27E-06
0.00E+00
1.73E-05
2.88E-05
6.05E-05
1.08E-06
8.22E-03
4.80E-06
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.13
TABLE A.7: SCENARIO 3 PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
4.62E-01
1.32E+00
4.31E+00
6.11E+00
6.77E+00
7.67E+00
3.85E+00
4.63E+00
1.05E+01
2.18E+01
2.36E+01
Acetone
9.30E-03
Acetaldehyde
1.59E-01
9.56E-01
9.36E-01
8.67E-01
8.69E-01
1.79E-02
3.47E-02
5.35E-02
5.44E-02
4.84E-01
4.74E-01
4.39E-01
4.40E-01
1.34E-02
7.40E-02
4.73E-01
0.00E+00
2.60E-01
3.42E-03
3.23E-01
3.21E-02
3.90E-02
6.87E-03
6.11E-02
7.18E-02
4.66E-02
1.46E-02
1.12E-02
4.65E-03
4.92E-02
3.58E-03
1.76E-01
0.00E+00
5.04E-02
5.73E-03
2.21E-01
1.31E-02
1.40E-02
2.47E-03
1.50E-02
5.05E-02
4.21E-02
5.24E-03
1.31E-02
2.17E-03
1.30E-02
0.00E+00
1.36E-03
0.00E+00
1.76E-02
0.00E+00
5.72E-01
4.15E-01
2.78E-02
Formaldehyde
3.16E-03
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.31E-04
Toluene
7.75E-05
Xylenes
2.36E-02
3.86E-02
3.78E-02
3.50E-02
3.51E-02
2.58E-03
4.93E-02
4.82E-02
4.47E-02
4.48E-02
4.95E-05
4.61E-05
1.25E-04
2.16E-02
1.84E-02
1.80E-02
1.67E-02
1.68E-02
4.65E-05
4.33E-05
1.17E-04
5.66E-03
8.57E-04
8.39E-04
7.78E-04
7.79E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
7.93E-05
1.45E-03
0.00E+00
4.20E-03
6.06E-05
7.16E-04
9.68E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
6.30E-06
7.77E-04
1.91E-03
0.00E+00
2.60E-03
5.54E-03
6.93E-03
1.22E-04
1.73E-04
0.00E+00
1.47E-03
1.97E-03
1.17E-03
1.24E-04
2.08E-05
2.06E-05
6.17E-05
3.58E-03
6.42E-02
0.00E+00
6.30E-02
1.91E-03
2.04E-02
3.39E-03
7.11E-03
1.25E-03
1.05E-02
1.44E-02
1.46E-02
1.43E-03
1.77E-03
5.35E-04
7.58E-03
1.56E-04
1.44E-03
1.77E-05
4.17E-04
1.42E-01
7.09E-02
3.84E-02
2.88E-02
2.00E-03
7.72E-01
7.55E-01
7.00E-01
7.01E-01
1.28E-02
2.82E-02
3.98E-02
3.22E-04
8.84E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
6.71E-04
3.16E-04
1.73E-04
0.00E+00
1.91E-04
7.87E-05
0.00E+00
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.14
TABLE A.8: SCENARIO 4 AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.18E-01
5.93E-01
CO
1.83E-01
3.25E-02
SO2
1.07E-02
7.26E-02
Dust
1.05E-02
1.73E+00
2.78E+00
3.57E+00
3.35E+00
2.79E+00
3.17E+00
6.84E+00
1.62E+01
1.74E+01
6.66E+00
5.72E+00
6.36E+00
6.28E+00
8.60E-02
3.05E-01
1.37E+00
9.86E+01
9.44E+01
3.69E-01
1.69E-01
2.61E-01
1.34E-01
6.69E-03
6.52E-03
1.59E-02
2.46E-02
2.49E-02
8.98E-01
3.65E-01
4.22E-01
3.66E-01
Arsenic
1.63E-04
2.39E-05
Selenium
6.86E-05
3.71E-05
Manganese
Cadmium
6.37E-05
1.20E-05
6.98E-04
6.11E-04
6.08E-04
8.71E-05
4.71E-05
4.12E-05
4.10E-05
9.75E-05
1.20E-03
1.05E-03
1.05E-03
8.47E-04
2.86E-09
2.66E-09
7.19E-09
1.63E-08
1.64E-08
1.05E-04
9.19E-05
9.14E-05
2.68E-04
1.50E-09
1.40E-09
3.79E-09
8.57E-09
8.64E-09
Chromium VI
8.23E-06
4.85E-05
Nickel
4.01E-05
3.61E-04
Mercury
8.95E-04
4.06E-03
6.94E-10
6.46E-10
1.75E-09
2.52E-08
2.54E-08
3.30E-04
2.89E-04
2.87E-04
2.96E-04
8.17E-10
7.61E-10
2.06E-09
4.65E-09
4.69E-09
8.31E-04
7.27E-04
7.23E-04
1.57E-03
5.79E-10
5.39E-10
1.46E-09
3.30E-09
3.32E-09
Ammonia
PAHs
3.43E-02
2.14E-07
2.04E-07
2.10E-07
1.99E-07
3.21E-06
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
1.63E-09
3.36E-01
2.14E-07
3.93E-07
2.56E-06
2.28E-04
2.76E-01
2.94E-07
1.67E-06
7.03E-07
2.51E-08
3.29E-07
1.20E+01
1.08E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.20E-05
1.39E-04
5.99E-06
6.27E-05
7.19E-05
1.84E-04
9.58E-07
2.27E-06
0.00E+00
1.73E-05
2.88E-05
6.05E-05
1.08E-06
8.22E-03
4.80E-06
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.15
TABLE A.8: SCENARIO 4 AVERAGE EMISSION RATES (G/S
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
2.18E-01
5.93E-01
1.73E+00
2.78E+00
3.57E+00
3.35E+00
2.79E+00
3.17E+00
6.84E+00
1.62E+01
1.74E+01
Acetone
2.64E-03
2.87E-03
9.73E-03
7.22E-02
6.89E-02
7.07E-02
6.70E-02
6.85E-03
1.72E-02
2.23E-02
Acetaldehyde
4.52E-02
1.99E-01
2.45E-03
7.83E-02
7.84E-02
3.42E-03
1.61E-01
2.31E-02
1.69E-02
5.80E-03
2.95E-02
3.10E-02
2.86E-02
8.68E-03
9.34E-03
2.95E-03
4.07E-02
1.47E-02
4.06E-03
1.12E-01
1.26E-02
7.17E-03
2.47E-03
9.01E-03
1.86E-02
2.43E-02
3.33E-03
9.17E-03
1.26E-03
1.01E-02
5.59E-03
2.06E-05
9.77E-06
2.93E-05
1.51E-02
1.47E-03
1.17E-02
3.36E-03
2.62E-03
9.01E-04
5.10E-03
7.84E-03
7.96E-03
9.84E-04
1.40E-03
3.18E-04
6.74E-03
5.72E-01
4.15E-01
1.42E-01
7.09E-02
1.19E-03
3.52E-03
1.68E-01
1.60E-01
1.64E-01
1.56E-01
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.39E-04
2.15E-01
2.05E-01
2.10E-01
1.99E-01
7.15E-03
1.41E-02
2.15E-02
1.40E-03
6.91E-03
6.59E-03
6.77E-03
6.41E-03
0.00E+00
6.27E-04
2.95E-04
8.03E-05
1.15E-02
1.10E-02
1.13E-02
1.07E-02
4.63E-05
4.31E-05
1.17E-04
1.31E-04
2.43E-03
2.90E-02
1.69E-04
4.04E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
7.00E-05
5.33E-05
0.00E+00
1.08E-04
6.70E-05
3.84E-02
Toluene
1.22E-04
4.71E-04
1.06E-03
3.92E-03
3.74E-03
3.84E-03
3.64E-03
4.34E-05
4.05E-05
1.09E-04
Xylenes
2.60E-04
6.37E-04
6.07E-04
6.24E-04
5.91E-04
3.35E-04
3.03E-04
3.05E-04
3.16E-03
1.20E-05
6.18E-06
6.94E-04
5.33E-04
0.00E+00
1.42E-03
3.27E-03
4.54E-03
5.35E-05
5.33E-05
0.00E+00
9.36E-04
1.43E-03
6.42E-04
5.99E-05
8.72E-05
1.20E-03
1.54E-05
3.84E-04
2.88E-02
2.00E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.16
TABLE A.9: SCENARIO 4 PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
4.62E-01
1.32E+00
CO
6.15E-01
1.77E-01
SO2
4.94E-02
2.72E-01
Dust
3.56E-02
Arsenic
4.12E-04
8.88E-05
Selenium
2.08E-04
1.17E-04
Manganese
0.00E+00
2.62E-04
Cadmium
0.00E+00
7.52E-05
4.31E+00
6.11E+00
6.77E+00
7.67E+00
4.31E+00
5.18E+00
1.17E+01
2.01E+01
2.02E+01
2.15E+01
2.28E+01
2.28E+01
3.00E+01
1.08E+00
6.43E+00
1.64E+01
3.36E+02
2.94E+02
1.28E+00
6.72E-01
9.48E-01
9.54E-01
8.04E-03
7.84E-03
1.91E-02
2.50E-02
2.48E-02
2.30E+00
8.66E-01
1.24E+00
1.23E+00
1.93E-03
1.89E-03
1.73E-03
2.34E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
5.15E-05
5.04E-05
4.62E-05
1.95E-04
3.60E-03
3.53E-03
3.23E-03
3.39E-03
1.47E-08
1.37E-08
3.69E-08
7.09E-08
7.00E-08
2.32E-04
2.27E-04
2.08E-04
7.80E-04
3.26E-09
3.04E-09
8.20E-09
1.58E-08
1.56E-08
Chromium VI
2.17E-05
2.43E-04
Nickel
1.17E-04
2.53E-03
Mercury
1.40E-03
7.49E-03
9.87E-04
9.66E-04
8.85E-04
2.96E-03
1.80E-09
1.68E-09
4.54E-09
2.57E-08
2.53E-08
5.58E-04
5.46E-04
5.00E-04
7.02E-04
3.05E-09
2.85E-09
7.69E-09
1.48E-08
1.46E-08
Ammonia
0.00E+00
5.42E-02
PAHs
2.88E-07
2.82E-07
2.61E-07
2.62E-07
8.89E-06
6.74E-05
1.41E-05
1.87E-09
4.34E-01
5.03E-07
1.04E-06
6.94E-06
2.28E-04
5.38E-01
9.56E-07
3.68E-06
1.57E-06
6.51E-08
5.72E-07
1.20E+01
1.08E+01
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
1.20E-05
1.39E-04
5.99E-06
6.27E-05
7.19E-05
1.84E-04
9.58E-07
2.27E-06
0.00E+00
1.73E-05
2.88E-05
6.05E-05
1.08E-06
8.22E-03
4.80E-06
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.17
TABLE A.9: SCENARIO 4 PEAK EMISSION RATES (G/S)
Source
Oxalate Kiln/RTO
Bldg 30 RTO (Operating)
Bldg 30 RTO (Bypassed)
Calciner U1&2
Calciner U3&4
Calciner U5&6
Calciner U7
Boiler 2
Boiler 3 & 4
Boiler 5, 6, & 7
Cogen 1
Cogen 2
OBF Vac Pump Stack
Calciner Vac Pump Stack
45T Cooling Tower
Bldg 44 Vac Pump Stack
Powerhouse Deaerator
Mills Product Hopper
25A/C Vapour Droppers
Excess BO, PRT & CT Vents
B34 A-Rake Vents
35F Tank Vents
35D Tank Vents
35A Tank Vents
35R & 35S Tank Vents
35J Tank Vents
35C Tank Vents - Banks 1&2
35C Tank Vents - Banks 3-5 & 35H
Bauxite Stockpiles
Residue Areas (all)
NOx
4.62E-01
1.32E+00
4.31E+00
6.11E+00
6.77E+00
7.67E+00
4.31E+00
5.18E+00
1.17E+01
2.01E+01
2.02E+01
Acetone
9.30E-03
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
3.16E-03
1.59E-01
9.56E-01
9.36E-01
8.67E-01
8.69E-01
2.00E-02
3.89E-02
5.99E-02
5.44E-02
4.84E-01
4.74E-01
4.39E-01
4.40E-01
1.50E-02
3.12E-02
7.72E-01
7.55E-01
7.00E-01
7.01E-01
1.43E-02
3.16E-02
4.46E-02
7.40E-02
4.73E-01
3.58E-03
1.76E-01
1.36E-03
2.60E-01
3.42E-03
3.23E-01
3.21E-02
3.90E-02
6.87E-03
6.11E-02
7.18E-02
4.66E-02
1.46E-02
1.12E-02
4.65E-03
4.92E-02
5.04E-02
5.73E-03
2.21E-01
1.31E-02
1.40E-02
2.47E-03
1.50E-02
5.05E-02
4.21E-02
5.24E-03
1.31E-02
2.17E-03
1.30E-02
1.76E-02
2.08E-05
2.06E-05
6.17E-05
6.30E-02
1.91E-03
2.04E-02
3.39E-03
7.11E-03
1.25E-03
1.05E-02
1.44E-02
1.46E-02
1.43E-03
1.77E-03
5.35E-04
7.58E-03
5.72E-01
4.15E-01
1.42E-01
7.09E-02
3.22E-04
8.84E-05
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
2-Butanone (MEK)
Benzene
1.31E-04
Toluene
7.75E-05
Xylenes
2.36E-02
3.86E-02
3.78E-02
3.50E-02
3.51E-02
2.58E-03
4.93E-02
4.82E-02
4.47E-02
4.48E-02
5.55E-05
5.17E-05
1.40E-04
2.16E-02
1.84E-02
1.80E-02
1.67E-02
1.68E-02
5.21E-05
4.85E-05
1.31E-04
5.66E-03
8.57E-04
8.39E-04
7.78E-04
7.79E-04
7.51E-04
3.54E-04
3.58E-03
6.42E-02
7.93E-05
1.73E-04
0.00E+00
1.91E-04
7.87E-05
0.00E+00
3.84E-02
1.45E-03
7.16E-04
9.68E-04
4.20E-03
6.06E-05
6.30E-06
7.77E-04
1.91E-03
0.00E+00
2.60E-03
5.54E-03
6.93E-03
1.22E-04
1.73E-04
0.00E+00
1.47E-03
1.97E-03
1.17E-03
1.24E-04
1.56E-04
1.44E-03
1.77E-05
4.17E-04
2.88E-02
2.00E-03
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.18
TABLE A.10: HEALTH PROTECTIVE GUIDELINES (1)
Acute Health Effects
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
PAHs
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Oxides of Nitrogen
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter <10 µm
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (VI)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Guideline
246
11,250
571
50
Units
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
Scenario 1
Averaging Period
1
8
1
24
Reference
NEPC
NEPC
NEPC
NEPC
Guideline
246
11,250
571
50
0.2
Chronic Hea
Scenarios 1A, 2, 3 and 4
Units
Averaging Period
µg/m3
1
µg/m3
8
µg/m3
1
µg/m3
24
µg/m3
1
Reference
NEPC
NEPC
NEPC
NEPC
OEHHA
Guideline
62
Units
µg/m3
57
µg/m3
Annual
NEPC
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
RIVM
OEHHA
WHO
WHO
IRIS
ATSDR
WHO
IRIS
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
ATSDR
WHO
ATSDR
IRIS
OEHHA
NEPC (AT)
NEPC (AT)
6
1.8
3,200
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
1
1
1
OEHHA
OEHHA
OEHHA
0.2
0.6
1293
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
1
1
24
OEHHA
OEHHA
ATSDR
1
20
0.15
0.005
0.1
0.09
1
100
67,414
2,000
54
13,000
1,300
4,113
1,183
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
24
24
24
1
6
24
24
ATSDR
WHOa
NEPC (AT)
OEHHA
OEHHA
NEPC (AT)
NEPC (AT)
67,414
2,000
54
13,000
27
4,113
1,183
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
24
24
24
1
1
24
24
ATSDR
WHO (1995)
NEPC (AT)
OEHHA
OEHHA
NEPC (AT)
NEPC (AT)
33,707
50
11
5,000
60
411
946
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
0.03
µg/m3
24
ATSDR
Scenario 1
Averaging Period
Annual
Reference
NEPC
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.19
TABLE A.10: HEALTH PROTECTIVE GUIDELINES (1)
alth Effects
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
PAHs
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Oxides of Nitrogen
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter <10 µm
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (VI)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Guideline
246
11,250
571
50
6
1.8
3,200
67,414
2,000
54
13,000
1,300
4,113
1,183
Guideline
62
Scenarios 1A, 2, 3 and 4
Units
Averaging Period
µg/m3
Annual
Reference
NEPC
57
µg/m3
Annual
NEPC
1
20
0.15
0.005
0.1
0.09
0.2
100
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
RIVM
OEHHA
WHO
WHO
IRIS
ATSDR
WHO (2003)
IRIS
33,707
50
11
5,000
3
411
946
3
µg/m
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ATSDR
WHO
ATSDR
IRIS
OEHHA
NEPC (AT)
NEPC (AT)
Carcinogenic Health Effects
Scenarios 1, 1A, 2, 3 and 4
Guideline
Units
Reference
1.50E-03
per µg/m3
WHO
1.80E-03
4.00E-02
3.80E-04
per µg/m3
per µg/m3
per µg/m3
IRIS
WHO
WHO
8.70E-02
per µg/m3
WHO
9.00E-07
1.30E-05
per µg/m3
per µg/m3
WHO
IRIS
6.00E-06
per µg/m3
WHO
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.20
TABLE A.10: HEALTH PROTECTIVE GUIDELINES
Notes:
Blanks in the table indicate that no applicable guideline was able to be identified.
NEPC: National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure (NEPC, 2003)
NEPC (AT): National Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure, (NEPC, 2004)
WHO: World Health Organisation (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines for Europe Second Edition (2000)
WHO (1995): EHC 167 Environmental Health Criteria 167 Acetaldehyde, International Programme on Chemical Safety
WHO (2003): CICAD 50 Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds: Human Health Aspects
OEHHA: California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment’s (OEHHA) Toxicity Criteria Database
ATSDR: U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances
IRIS: U.S. Environment Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
RIVM: Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) human-toxicological Maximum Permissible Risk Levels (2001)
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.21
TABLE A.11: QUANTITATIVE HEALTH RISK INDICATORS
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
Receptor 2
9th Highest
Max
2.02E-01
9.08E-02
7.67E-03
9.96E-04
2.66E-02
4.46E-03
2.10E-01
2.22E-01
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
7.04E-04
1.73E-04
1.65E-02
3.29E-03
6.79E-06
2.38E-05
3.08E-05
3.18E-05
4.91E-04
5.06E-04
1.39E-02
1.43E-02
2.19E-05
7.05E-06
1.28E-04
1.43E-05
1.31E-05
1.35E-05
9.19E-06
9.47E-06
0.478
0.337
Receptor 2
9th Highest
Max
1.23E-01
1.55E-01
7.26E-04
4.60E-04
1.21E-03
1.01E-03
9.15E-02
2.98E-02
2.31E-02
1.59E-02
2.55E-03
1.43E-03
1.26E-01
9.27E-02
3.34E-01
1.63E-01
9.25E-04
4.39E-04
3.43E-05
1.98E-05
5.06E-04
2.79E-04
1.50E-03
9.32E-04
1.07E-04
1.26E-04
1.61E-03
1.32E-03
1.35E-05
7.98E-06
1.26E-05
7.65E-06
0.707
0.463
Receptor 2
9th Highest
Max
4.13E-02
1.39E-01
1.05E-03
2.88E-03
7.01E-04
6.56E-03
1.45E-01
1.94E-01
2.78E-02
2.71E-02
2.45E-03
6.83E-03
1.25E-01
1.50E-02
3.91E-01
4.56E-02
8.99E-04
6.65E-04
3.69E-05
2.32E-05
5.66E-04
3.84E-04
1.63E-03
7.56E-03
1.82E-04
2.42E-05
3.57E-03
8.17E-03
1.61E-05
1.16E-05
1.41E-05
9.16E-06
0.741
0.455
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
1.84E-01
1.77E-01
1.15E-03
1.01E-03
9.35E-03
9.10E-03
4.72E-02
2.17E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
4.82E-04
6.25E-04
7.68E-03
9.19E-03
2.34E-04
3.01E-04
8.16E-06
4.12E-06
1.33E-04
6.56E-05
3.70E-03
2.00E-03
1.65E-05
1.95E-05
1.85E-05
1.80E-05
3.24E-06
1.51E-06
1.91E-06
8.35E-07
0.254
0.221
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
1.66E-01
1.94E-01
6.58E-04
1.10E-03
5.78E-03
1.01E-02
1.83E-02
2.02E-02
1.95E-02
1.88E-02
1.67E-03
1.99E-03
5.78E-02
1.17E-02
8.01E-02
1.53E-02
1.00E-04
1.69E-05
4.08E-06
3.60E-06
6.21E-05
5.97E-05
1.61E-03
2.31E-03
3.05E-05
9.49E-06
3.02E-03
4.51E-03
2.21E-06
1.29E-06
1.67E-06
5.07E-07
0.355
0.280
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
1.64E-01
1.86E-01
7.36E-04
8.93E-04
2.86E-03
4.76E-03
1.88E-02
1.66E-02
2.10E-02
2.01E-02
1.83E-03
2.20E-03
5.80E-02
1.25E-02
8.56E-02
1.75E-02
1.02E-04
1.72E-05
4.38E-06
3.87E-06
7.22E-05
6.54E-05
1.81E-03
2.54E-03
4.01E-05
1.42E-05
3.80E-03
5.36E-03
2.52E-06
1.70E-06
1.73E-06
5.32E-07
0.359
0.268
Scenario 1 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
7.05E-07
1.52E-05
1.80E-01
2.02E-01
1.02E-06
1.01E-06
3.62E-03
3.57E-03
3.25E-08
5.51E-07
1.36E-02
1.03E-02
9.78E-01
9.55E-01
2.59E-01
1.28E-01
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
2.90E-05
3.45E-05
5.14E-04
3.16E-04
4.00E-05
2.21E-04
6.01E-03
2.82E-03
1.86E-08
3.30E-07
1.01E-04
1.33E-05
9.06E-06
9.58E-06
1.60E-05
1.54E-05
1.63E-04
1.72E-04
2.64E-04
2.49E-04
3.36E-03
3.50E-03
9.90E-03
1.13E-02
1.14E-06
1.84E-06
1.15E-05
6.05E-06
2.68E-06
2.76E-06
5.28E-05
4.34E-05
3.60E-06
3.81E-06
5.51E-06
5.07E-06
1.78E-06
1.95E-06
2.73E-06
2.15E-06
0.982
0.959
0.473
0.359
Scenario 1A - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1.80E-01
1.60E-01
9.64E-07
2.12E-05
3.62E-03
1.51E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1.36E-02
7.87E-03
9.70E-01
9.63E-01
2.59E-01
1.90E-01
2.14E-04
0.00E+00
2.57E-02
1.57E-02
5.41E-04
3.80E-04
8.47E-03
6.92E-03
9.25E-05
0.00E+00
1.54E-02
1.52E-02
1.91E-02
0.00E+00
1.80E-02
1.64E-02
4.96E-05
1.73E-05
1.62E-04
1.70E-04
6.06E-06
4.56E-06
1.60E-05
1.31E-05
1.14E-04
8.76E-05
2.64E-04
2.12E-04
1.18E-03
9.54E-04
9.90E-03
7.69E-03
3.20E-06
1.61E-13
1.15E-05
1.19E-05
1.64E-04
2.00E-11
5.77E-03
3.43E-03
2.66E-06
2.10E-06
5.51E-06
4.57E-06
1.37E-06
1.00E-06
2.73E-06
2.44E-06
0.991
0.964
0.540
0.425
Scenario 2 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1.53E-01
1.19E-01
7.99E-06
1.36E-07
3.17E-03
1.42E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
6.02E-03
3.77E-03
9.94E-01
9.74E-01
3.10E-01
2.30E-01
9.56E-03
2.08E-07
2.70E-02
1.69E-02
1.49E-03
1.48E-03
9.66E-03
8.01E-03
4.14E-03
8.99E-08
1.61E-02
1.59E-02
6.23E-05
3.75E-10
1.99E-02
1.74E-02
4.42E-05
4.37E-05
1.62E-04
1.70E-04
6.25E-06
5.99E-06
1.75E-05
1.45E-05
1.28E-04
1.21E-04
2.95E-04
2.38E-04
2.17E-03
2.05E-03
1.12E-02
8.86E-03
9.91E-07
5.96E-10
1.76E-05
1.85E-05
2.00E-04
1.17E-07
6.38E-03
4.09E-03
4.19E-06
3.94E-06
6.74E-06
5.46E-06
1.45E-06
1.41E-06
2.89E-06
2.63E-06
1.012
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
0.978
0.562
0.425
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
1.69E-01
1.88E-01
4.84E-03
1.04E-03
9.54E-03
1.06E-02
8.40E-02
2.79E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
5.89E-04
7.45E-04
5.97E-03
9.63E-03
2.60E-04
3.51E-04
2.02E-05
5.09E-06
3.13E-04
7.91E-05
9.70E-03
1.88E-03
1.32E-05
2.13E-05
7.04E-05
1.85E-05
7.77E-06
1.96E-06
5.21E-06
1.44E-06
0.285
0.241
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
1.74E-01
1.36E-01
3.13E-03
5.49E-03
1.64E-02
7.36E-03
6.72E-02
9.06E-02
3.39E-02
1.53E-02
6.13E-03
9.36E-03
2.57E-02
1.69E-02
2.56E-02
1.70E-02
2.64E-04
3.45E-04
1.64E-05
2.12E-05
2.54E-04
3.28E-04
6.88E-03
1.05E-02
2.62E-05
1.19E-05
7.10E-03
3.19E-03
6.28E-06
8.30E-06
4.41E-06
5.55E-06
0.367
0.312
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
1.55E-01
1.47E-01
3.08E-03
1.87E-03
7.24E-03
6.63E-03
6.14E-02
2.11E-02
3.53E-02
3.21E-02
6.54E-03
3.15E-03
2.62E-02
2.55E-02
2.62E-02
2.57E-02
2.50E-04
1.13E-04
1.76E-05
8.73E-06
2.77E-04
1.46E-04
7.60E-03
4.17E-03
3.56E-05
3.11E-05
7.59E-03
6.89E-03
7.46E-06
3.63E-06
4.78E-06
1.89E-06
0.336
0.274
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
1.56E-01
1.65E-01
4.15E-03
1.75E-03
1.07E-02
1.08E-02
1.29E-01
8.64E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
4.50E-04
6.80E-04
4.45E-03
7.04E-03
5.27E-04
6.12E-04
3.12E-05
2.79E-05
4.87E-04
4.35E-04
1.35E-02
1.09E-02
2.55E-05
2.15E-05
6.27E-05
3.39E-05
1.08E-05
8.78E-06
7.37E-06
6.01E-06
0.320
0.283
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
1.56E-01
1.74E-01
4.15E-03
2.43E-03
1.07E-02
1.44E-02
1.29E-01
7.49E-02
2.28E-02
3.03E-02
1.11E-02
7.64E-03
1.35E-02
1.82E-02
1.34E-02
1.76E-02
5.92E-04
2.77E-04
3.12E-05
2.10E-05
4.87E-04
3.16E-04
1.35E-02
9.01E-03
2.55E-05
2.77E-05
4.97E-03
6.52E-03
1.08E-05
7.86E-06
7.37E-06
5.56E-06
0.381
0.355
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
1.93E-01
9.87E-02
1.98E-03
3.92E-03
7.91E-03
4.45E-03
1.59E-02
1.20E-01
3.79E-02
2.27E-02
3.99E-03
1.16E-02
3.22E-02
1.33E-02
3.76E-02
1.32E-02
1.28E-04
5.80E-04
8.53E-06
3.32E-05
1.37E-04
5.32E-04
4.34E-03
1.42E-02
3.72E-05
3.44E-05
8.30E-03
4.93E-03
3.35E-06
1.23E-05
2.09E-06
8.09E-06
0.344
0.308
Scenario 1 - Acute
Receptor 8
Receptor 9
Receptor 10
Receptor 11
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
1.85E-01
1.72E-01
1.88E-01
1.49E-01
1.87E-01
1.81E-01
1.89E-01
1.96E-01
2.37E-01
2.03E-01
3.18E-03
4.17E-03
7.13E-03
5.73E-03
3.28E-03
1.48E-03
2.77E-03
1.68E-03
1.58E-03
1.90E-03
1.26E-02
1.36E-02
1.34E-02
9.04E-03
1.31E-02
9.86E-03
1.29E-02
1.34E-02
9.20E-03
4.20E-03
1.62E-01
1.16E-01
1.40E-01
1.40E-01
1.65E-01
1.29E-01
1.80E-01
6.45E-02
6.59E-02
6.52E-02
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
4.53E-04
6.31E-04
4.34E-04
6.59E-04
4.44E-04
3.81E-04
5.19E-04
9.30E-04
5.71E-04
4.04E-04
4.52E-03
6.54E-03
5.21E-03
6.87E-03
4.40E-03
4.48E-03
5.79E-03
1.33E-02
8.89E-03
7.15E-03
6.47E-04
8.65E-04
1.42E-03
3.36E-04
6.77E-04
1.04E-03
1.29E-03
4.39E-04
2.25E-04
4.00E-04
3.01E-05
1.36E-05
3.19E-05
1.63E-05
3.21E-05
2.40E-05
1.59E-05
8.78E-06
1.97E-05
1.69E-05
4.72E-04
2.13E-04
5.00E-04
2.53E-04
5.03E-04
3.70E-04
2.47E-04
1.38E-04
3.40E-04
2.49E-04
1.52E-02
8.21E-03
1.88E-02
9.74E-03
1.61E-02
9.94E-03
8.52E-03
2.18E-03
1.96E-03
3.72E-03
2.68E-05
2.26E-05
3.71E-05
1.56E-05
2.80E-05
2.12E-05
3.13E-05
2.75E-05
1.61E-05
1.81E-05
5.79E-05
7.18E-05
1.17E-04
6.27E-05
6.03E-05
3.17E-05
3.29E-05
2.43E-05
2.02E-05
2.15E-05
1.09E-05
5.96E-06
1.47E-05
9.11E-06
1.15E-05
1.22E-05
7.96E-06
4.18E-06
9.50E-06
6.05E-06
6.97E-06
3.70E-06
9.45E-06
6.19E-06
7.37E-06
9.26E-06
5.56E-06
3.54E-06
8.59E-06
5.11E-06
0.384
0.322
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
1.88E-01
1.72E-01
2.32E-03
4.17E-03
1.51E-02
1.36E-02
1.54E-01
1.16E-01
2.91E-02
2.64E-02
1.34E-02
7.46E-03
1.94E-02
1.89E-02
1.94E-02
1.96E-02
4.95E-04
2.54E-04
2.82E-05
1.36E-05
4.46E-04
2.13E-04
1.50E-02
8.21E-03
2.32E-05
2.26E-05
6.56E-03
5.91E-03
1.04E-05
5.96E-06
6.44E-06
3.70E-06
0.463
0.392
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
1.27E-01
1.61E-01
1.04E-03
7.93E-04
2.33E-03
4.11E-03
7.85E-02
7.74E-02
1.60E-02
2.18E-02
2.51E-03
4.25E-03
4.30E-02
3.40E-02
1.49E-01
3.88E-02
4.99E-04
2.58E-04
1.73E-05
1.01E-05
2.61E-04
1.59E-04
2.29E-03
4.19E-03
1.02E-04
2.30E-05
3.68E-03
4.18E-03
7.68E-06
5.30E-06
6.80E-06
4.03E-06
0.426
0.351
0.376
0.321
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
1.70E-01
1.96E-01
1.13E-03
1.58E-03
5.62E-03
1.42E-02
6.31E-02
9.93E-02
1.69E-02
2.77E-02
2.75E-03
1.03E-02
4.49E-02
1.77E-02
1.39E-01
1.78E-02
5.22E-04
3.48E-04
1.74E-05
2.45E-05
2.59E-04
3.80E-04
2.39E-03
1.14E-02
7.89E-05
2.77E-05
3.17E-03
6.18E-03
6.74E-06
7.06E-06
5.88E-06
4.10E-06
0.450
0.403
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
1.38E-01
1.49E-01
1.29E-03
3.89E-03
2.93E-03
5.15E-03
6.90E-02
8.36E-02
1.83E-02
2.58E-02
3.09E-03
7.04E-03
4.52E-02
2.84E-02
1.64E-01
2.99E-02
5.12E-04
3.01E-04
1.85E-05
1.18E-05
2.85E-04
1.92E-04
2.78E-03
8.02E-03
1.06E-04
2.26E-05
4.50E-03
5.31E-03
7.77E-06
6.31E-06
6.62E-06
3.86E-06
0.450
0.346
0.391
0.337
Scenario 1A - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
1.89E-01
1.82E-01
2.42E-03
3.36E-03
1.57E-02
1.17E-02
1.58E-01
8.87E-02
2.99E-02
2.63E-02
1.40E-02
9.81E-03
1.88E-02
3.21E-02
1.87E-02
3.39E-02
5.32E-04
3.71E-04
2.99E-05
2.07E-05
4.73E-04
3.13E-04
1.58E-02
1.08E-02
2.48E-05
1.79E-05
6.82E-03
5.12E-03
1.09E-05
9.15E-06
6.83E-06
5.97E-06
0.471
0.404
Scenario 2 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
1.38E-01
1.27E-01
1.12E-03
4.00E-03
2.51E-03
4.51E-03
8.88E-02
1.30E-01
1.71E-02
2.09E-02
2.71E-03
1.46E-02
4.61E-02
2.03E-02
1.54E-01
2.14E-02
5.27E-04
8.32E-04
1.84E-05
2.87E-05
2.80E-04
4.54E-04
2.49E-03
1.53E-02
1.08E-04
2.06E-05
3.91E-03
4.77E-03
8.20E-06
1.58E-05
7.25E-06
1.12E-05
0.458
0.364
0.401
0.292
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
1.89E-01
1.79E-01
2.77E-03
1.39E-03
1.29E-02
1.35E-02
1.80E-01
8.01E-02
2.39E-02
2.67E-02
7.80E-03
4.16E-03
1.56E-02
2.23E-02
1.74E-02
2.31E-02
4.19E-04
2.57E-04
1.59E-05
9.73E-06
2.47E-04
1.47E-04
8.52E-03
4.34E-03
3.13E-05
2.21E-05
5.95E-03
6.01E-03
7.96E-06
4.37E-06
5.56E-06
3.11E-06
0.464
0.361
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
1.40E-01
1.72E-01
2.64E-03
1.53E-03
5.74E-03
6.20E-03
1.80E-01
7.82E-02
2.38E-02
2.80E-02
8.79E-03
4.66E-03
1.58E-02
2.30E-02
1.76E-02
2.47E-02
4.24E-04
2.70E-04
1.72E-05
1.05E-05
2.77E-04
1.65E-04
9.64E-03
4.86E-03
3.70E-05
2.78E-05
6.19E-03
6.66E-03
8.70E-06
4.84E-06
5.80E-06
3.32E-06
0.411
0.351
0.325
0.287
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
9.80E-02
8.44E-02
1.66E-03
2.43E-04
1.18E-03
9.44E-04
7.81E-02
8.23E-02
1.78E-02
1.46E-02
5.66E-03
1.64E-03
1.36E-01
6.23E-02
1.92E-01
1.37E-01
7.31E-04
9.67E-04
2.17E-05
3.07E-05
3.35E-04
4.61E-04
4.77E-03
1.12E-03
1.04E-04
4.59E-05
1.36E-03
1.20E-03
9.96E-06
1.40E-05
8.60E-06
1.25E-05
0.538
0.387
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
5.48E-02
1.82E-01
1.55E-03
1.66E-03
8.44E-04
7.59E-03
8.54E-02
7.85E-02
1.56E-02
3.34E-02
6.33E-03
3.78E-03
1.33E-01
1.46E-02
1.97E-01
3.66E-02
6.51E-04
3.43E-04
2.27E-05
1.55E-05
3.65E-04
2.51E-04
5.59E-03
4.20E-03
1.20E-04
7.91E-05
1.63E-03
8.40E-03
1.13E-05
7.25E-06
9.21E-06
5.87E-06
0.504
0.371
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.22
TABLE A.11: QUANTITATIVE HEALTH RISK INDICATORS
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
Receptor 2
9th Highest
Max
1.75E-01
1.49E-01
1.95E-03
5.19E-04
4.46E-03
3.96E-03
6.99E-02
3.74E-02
1.87E-02
1.64E-02
3.11E-03
1.41E-03
1.01E-01
9.18E-02
2.67E-01
2.25E-01
5.06E-04
4.29E-04
1.96E-05
2.15E-05
3.04E-04
3.22E-04
2.76E-03
9.77E-04
1.23E-04
2.03E-04
2.25E-03
1.88E-03
8.37E-06
9.77E-06
7.10E-06
8.65E-06
0.647
0.529
Receptor 2
9th Highest
Max
1.76E-01
1.74E-01
2.43E-03
8.07E-03
4.48E-03
1.92E-03
6.99E-02
1.10E-01
1.87E-02
8.76E-03
3.11E-03
5.90E-03
1.01E-01
2.75E-02
2.67E-01
1.86E-01
5.06E-04
4.97E-04
1.97E-05
2.35E-05
3.04E-04
3.49E-04
2.79E-03
6.76E-03
1.23E-04
8.99E-05
2.25E-03
3.21E-03
8.37E-06
1.02E-05
7.10E-06
7.43E-06
0.649
0.533
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
3.77E-02
1.78E-01
1.52E-04
1.05E-03
1.49E-03
5.27E-03
1.14E-01
5.03E-02
7.14E-03
2.23E-02
1.12E-03
3.84E-03
3.53E-02
1.61E-02
2.49E-01
2.76E-02
3.73E-04
1.20E-04
1.40E-05
8.81E-06
2.23E-04
1.51E-04
1.15E-03
4.54E-03
1.09E-04
2.41E-05
2.44E-03
5.51E-03
6.56E-06
4.17E-06
5.24E-06
1.97E-06
0.450
0.315
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
3.86E-02
1.78E-01
2.93E-04
4.09E-03
1.49E-03
5.27E-03
1.14E-01
5.03E-02
7.14E-03
2.23E-02
1.12E-03
3.84E-03
3.53E-02
1.61E-02
2.49E-01
2.76E-02
3.73E-04
1.20E-04
1.40E-05
8.82E-06
2.23E-04
1.51E-04
1.15E-03
4.55E-03
1.09E-04
2.41E-05
2.44E-03
5.51E-03
6.56E-06
4.17E-06
5.24E-06
1.97E-06
0.451
0.317
Scenario 3 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
2.37E-01
1.94E-01
4.38E-07
4.55E-07
3.20E-03
3.20E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1.60E-02
6.18E-03
4.74E-01
4.68E-01
3.21E-02
1.22E-01
2.09E-04
4.94E-05
6.90E-02
2.51E-02
3.62E-04
1.38E-03
5.48E-03
1.31E-02
9.04E-05
2.14E-05
4.35E-02
1.21E-02
4.84E-02
8.92E-08
5.38E-02
1.07E-02
4.95E-05
4.96E-05
2.39E-04
1.16E-04
5.83E-06
6.61E-06
1.46E-05
1.84E-05
1.39E-04
1.50E-04
2.37E-04
3.05E-04
1.13E-03
2.17E-03
5.56E-03
1.44E-02
3.71E-06
6.87E-07
5.23E-05
1.16E-05
7.84E-04
1.33E-04
1.64E-02
6.13E-03
4.35E-06
4.35E-06
5.97E-06
6.28E-06
1.47E-06
1.46E-06
3.90E-06
2.29E-06
0.525
0.472
0.483
0.407
Scenario 4 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1.74E-01
1.53E-01
4.50E-07
4.67E-07
1.17E-02
2.40E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
6.40E-03
4.72E-03
4.74E-01
4.69E-01
2.16E-01
1.71E-01
2.09E-04
1.28E-04
2.83E-02
1.98E-02
3.62E-04
1.31E-03
1.02E-02
7.86E-03
9.04E-05
5.56E-05
1.67E-02
2.42E-02
4.84E-02
2.37E-04
2.02E-02
2.67E-02
4.95E-05
4.96E-05
1.62E-04
1.50E-04
5.83E-06
6.62E-06
1.76E-05
1.36E-05
1.39E-04
1.51E-04
2.94E-04
2.22E-04
1.13E-03
2.14E-03
1.19E-02
8.78E-03
3.72E-06
1.04E-06
1.77E-05
3.02E-05
7.84E-04
2.02E-04
6.48E-03
4.28E-03
4.35E-06
4.44E-06
6.57E-06
4.97E-06
1.47E-06
1.46E-06
2.78E-06
2.32E-06
0.525
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
0.474
0.503
0.423
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
1.66E-01
1.58E-01
3.17E-03
1.92E-03
8.19E-03
7.56E-03
6.56E-02
1.98E-02
3.85E-02
3.49E-02
6.73E-03
3.21E-03
2.71E-02
2.63E-02
2.68E-02
2.62E-02
2.50E-04
1.13E-04
1.79E-05
8.88E-06
2.84E-04
1.50E-04
7.94E-03
4.30E-03
3.64E-05
3.19E-05
8.09E-03
7.34E-03
7.50E-06
3.67E-06
4.84E-06
1.94E-06
0.358
0.290
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
1.66E-01
1.62E-01
6.35E-03
2.05E-03
8.20E-03
7.57E-03
6.56E-02
1.98E-02
3.85E-02
3.49E-02
6.73E-03
3.21E-03
2.71E-02
2.63E-02
2.68E-02
2.62E-02
2.50E-04
1.13E-04
1.78E-05
8.88E-06
2.84E-04
1.50E-04
7.92E-03
4.30E-03
3.64E-05
3.19E-05
8.10E-03
7.35E-03
7.50E-06
3.67E-06
4.84E-06
1.94E-06
0.362
0.294
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
1.94E-01
8.70E-02
1.93E-03
1.01E-03
9.05E-03
2.70E-03
1.65E-02
6.70E-02
4.08E-02
1.21E-02
4.03E-03
2.53E-03
3.31E-02
2.30E-02
4.36E-02
1.24E-01
1.28E-04
2.34E-04
8.51E-06
1.19E-05
1.37E-04
1.79E-04
4.31E-03
2.53E-03
3.84E-05
4.16E-05
8.89E-03
2.98E-03
3.34E-06
4.32E-06
2.10E-06
3.11E-06
0.357
0.325
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
1.97E-01
1.01E-01
5.92E-03
6.57E-03
9.07E-03
4.64E-03
1.65E-02
1.28E-01
4.08E-02
2.10E-02
4.03E-03
1.31E-02
3.31E-02
1.81E-02
4.36E-02
2.01E-02
1.28E-04
5.91E-04
8.53E-06
3.56E-05
1.37E-04
5.71E-04
4.33E-03
1.60E-02
3.84E-05
2.42E-05
8.89E-03
4.67E-03
3.34E-06
1.29E-05
2.10E-06
8.33E-06
0.364
0.335
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
1.46E-01
1.52E-01
1.13E-03
4.08E-03
4.13E-03
6.57E-03
8.64E-02
1.19E-01
1.83E-02
2.80E-02
2.76E-03
8.66E-03
4.02E-02
2.02E-02
1.72E-01
2.13E-02
4.99E-04
2.58E-04
1.75E-05
1.53E-05
2.65E-04
2.49E-04
2.55E-03
9.69E-03
1.03E-04
2.83E-05
4.12E-03
6.66E-03
7.71E-06
6.79E-06
6.80E-06
3.92E-06
0.478
0.377
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
1.52E-01
1.53E-01
2.19E-03
8.02E-03
4.13E-03
6.57E-03
8.64E-02
1.19E-01
1.83E-02
2.80E-02
2.76E-03
8.66E-03
4.02E-02
2.02E-02
1.72E-01
2.13E-02
4.99E-04
2.58E-04
1.75E-05
1.53E-05
2.65E-04
2.49E-04
2.56E-03
9.70E-03
1.03E-04
2.83E-05
4.12E-03
6.66E-03
7.71E-06
6.79E-06
6.81E-06
3.92E-06
0.485
0.382
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
1.55E-01
1.68E-01
1.34E-03
3.17E-03
4.59E-03
6.39E-03
7.27E-02
7.73E-02
1.98E-02
2.85E-02
3.24E-03
6.08E-03
4.20E-02
3.14E-02
1.81E-01
3.28E-02
5.11E-04
2.46E-04
1.85E-05
9.82E-06
2.84E-04
1.59E-04
2.95E-03
6.85E-03
1.06E-04
2.15E-05
4.67E-03
5.76E-03
7.71E-06
5.17E-06
6.60E-06
3.06E-06
0.488
0.366
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
1.63E-01
1.68E-01
2.42E-03
4.13E-03
4.59E-03
6.39E-03
7.27E-02
7.73E-02
1.98E-02
2.85E-02
3.24E-03
6.08E-03
4.20E-02
3.14E-02
1.81E-01
3.28E-02
5.11E-04
2.46E-04
1.85E-05
9.83E-06
2.85E-04
1.59E-04
2.95E-03
6.87E-03
1.06E-04
2.15E-05
4.67E-03
5.76E-03
7.71E-06
5.17E-06
6.60E-06
3.06E-06
0.497
0.367
Scenario 3 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
1.59E-01
1.28E-01
1.21E-03
1.94E-03
4.51E-03
5.47E-03
9.77E-02
1.64E-01
1.96E-02
2.26E-02
2.96E-03
1.52E-02
4.50E-02
1.35E-02
2.03E-01
1.43E-02
5.26E-04
1.46E-03
1.86E-05
4.01E-05
2.84E-04
6.49E-04
2.77E-03
1.56E-02
1.09E-04
2.84E-05
4.52E-03
5.63E-03
8.24E-06
1.92E-05
7.27E-06
1.48E-05
0.541
0.388
Scenario 4 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
1.66E-01
1.79E-01
2.43E-03
4.84E-03
4.51E-03
6.70E-03
9.77E-02
6.30E-02
1.96E-02
2.99E-02
2.96E-03
1.07E-02
4.50E-02
3.59E-02
2.03E-01
3.84E-02
5.27E-04
3.34E-04
1.86E-05
2.19E-05
2.84E-04
3.47E-04
2.78E-03
1.18E-02
1.09E-04
2.16E-05
4.52E-03
6.08E-03
8.24E-06
9.46E-06
7.27E-06
5.63E-06
0.549
0.387
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
1.43E-01
1.04E-01
7.66E-04
2.55E-03
2.70E-03
2.53E-03
1.22E-01
1.91E-01
1.14E-02
1.12E-02
1.99E-03
7.96E-03
2.68E-02
2.13E-02
1.28E-01
2.31E-02
3.54E-04
3.79E-04
1.49E-05
1.54E-05
2.22E-04
2.49E-04
1.90E-03
8.62E-03
7.89E-05
1.12E-05
2.79E-03
1.89E-03
7.50E-06
7.86E-06
6.81E-06
5.21E-06
0.441
0.375
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
1.47E-01
1.82E-01
2.98E-03
2.02E-03
2.70E-03
7.42E-03
1.22E-01
8.19E-02
1.14E-02
3.36E-02
1.99E-03
3.30E-03
2.68E-02
3.21E-02
1.28E-01
3.36E-02
3.54E-04
3.12E-04
1.49E-05
1.25E-05
2.22E-04
2.05E-04
1.91E-03
3.91E-03
7.89E-05
3.50E-05
2.79E-03
6.90E-03
7.50E-06
5.27E-06
6.81E-06
4.21E-06
0.448
0.387
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
1.00E-01
1.80E-01
1.63E-03
1.75E-03
5.62E-03
1.06E-02
7.80E-02
8.32E-02
1.61E-02
4.86E-02
6.72E-03
3.58E-03
1.36E-01
2.83E-02
2.02E-01
5.44E-02
6.52E-04
1.95E-04
2.36E-05
1.08E-05
3.86E-04
1.72E-04
6.10E-03
3.97E-03
1.19E-04
6.19E-05
1.50E-03
1.07E-02
1.15E-05
4.97E-06
9.45E-06
3.88E-06
0.556
0.425
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
9.79E-02
1.83E-01
5.66E-03
2.32E-03
5.62E-03
1.06E-02
7.80E-02
8.32E-02
1.61E-02
4.86E-02
6.72E-03
3.58E-03
1.36E-01
2.83E-02
2.02E-01
5.44E-02
6.52E-04
1.95E-04
2.36E-05
1.09E-05
3.86E-04
1.72E-04
6.11E-03
3.98E-03
1.19E-04
6.19E-05
1.50E-03
1.07E-02
1.15E-05
4.97E-06
9.45E-06
3.88E-06
0.558
0.429
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.23
TABLE A.11: QUANTITATIVE HEALTH RISK INDICATORS
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
Receptor 2
2.19E-02
7.25E-04
8.73E-05
1.39E-06
8.00E-04
2.99E-03
9.48E-05
1.07E-03
2.64E-03
1.96E-03
8.30E-06
3.06E-03
3.50E-03
6.94E-06
3.95E-05
1.59E-05
1.83E-06
Receptor 3
7.82E-03
2.81E-04
3.43E-05
5.21E-07
3.30E-04
1.15E-03
2.93E-05
3.53E-04
1.36E-03
5.63E-04
3.10E-06
1.19E-03
1.52E-03
2.52E-06
1.91E-05
5.92E-06
5.86E-07
Receptor 4
1.35E-02
4.75E-04
7.67E-05
1.26E-06
7.80E-04
2.01E-03
5.16E-05
6.02E-04
1.38E-03
5.43E-04
3.90E-06
1.61E-03
2.60E-03
3.04E-06
3.31E-05
7.72E-06
6.37E-07
Receptor 5
2.03E-02
6.54E-04
5.92E-05
6.76E-07
6.96E-04
2.60E-03
3.35E-05
5.66E-04
1.13E-03
5.70E-04
3.28E-06
1.45E-03
2.61E-03
2.55E-06
2.99E-05
5.86E-06
5.56E-07
0.039
0.015
0.024
0.031
Receptor 2
2.19E-02
7.25E-04
8.73E-05
1.39E-06
8.00E-04
2.99E-03
9.48E-05
1.07E-03
1.32E-02
1.96E-03
8.30E-06
3.06E-03
3.50E-03
6.94E-06
7.89E-04
1.59E-05
1.83E-06
Receptor 3
7.82E-03
2.81E-04
3.43E-05
5.21E-07
3.30E-04
1.15E-03
2.93E-05
3.53E-04
6.81E-03
5.63E-04
3.10E-06
1.19E-03
1.52E-03
2.52E-06
3.83E-04
5.92E-06
5.86E-07
Receptor 4
1.35E-02
4.75E-04
7.67E-05
1.26E-06
7.80E-04
2.01E-03
5.16E-05
6.02E-04
6.88E-03
5.43E-04
3.90E-06
1.61E-03
2.60E-03
3.04E-06
6.63E-04
7.72E-06
6.37E-07
Receptor 5
2.03E-02
6.54E-04
5.92E-05
6.76E-07
6.96E-04
2.60E-03
3.35E-05
5.66E-04
5.67E-03
5.70E-04
3.28E-06
1.45E-03
2.61E-03
2.55E-06
5.97E-04
5.86E-06
5.56E-07
0.050
0.020
0.030
0.036
Receptor 2
2.27E-02
6.70E-04
9.32E-05
1.46E-06
8.99E-04
3.24E-03
9.41E-05
1.10E-03
1.55E-02
2.13E-03
8.21E-06
3.10E-03
3.70E-03
7.63E-06
1.67E-03
2.12E-05
1.95E-06
Receptor 3
7.82E-03
2.38E-04
3.72E-05
5.52E-07
3.72E-04
1.26E-03
2.94E-05
3.68E-04
8.33E-03
6.19E-04
3.05E-06
1.21E-03
1.59E-03
2.74E-06
8.36E-04
8.77E-06
6.26E-07
Receptor 4
1.32E-02
3.73E-04
8.59E-05
1.40E-06
8.86E-04
2.24E-03
5.48E-05
6.50E-04
8.37E-03
5.97E-04
3.78E-06
1.63E-03
2.72E-03
3.26E-06
1.46E-03
1.22E-05
6.85E-07
Receptor 5
1.96E-02
4.99E-04
6.61E-05
7.36E-07
7.92E-04
2.90E-03
3.37E-05
6.06E-04
6.77E-03
6.26E-04
3.10E-06
1.38E-03
2.79E-03
2.78E-06
1.15E-03
8.42E-06
6.17E-07
0.055
0.023
0.032
0.037
Scenario 1 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
5.49E-03
6.38E-03
1.10E-02
2.64E-04
3.06E-04
5.09E-04
2.39E-05
2.73E-05
4.30E-05
2.58E-07
2.87E-07
4.50E-07
2.75E-04
3.18E-04
5.15E-04
1.02E-03
1.19E-03
2.07E-03
1.31E-05
1.44E-05
2.27E-05
2.26E-04
2.57E-04
4.18E-04
8.13E-04
8.38E-04
6.09E-04
3.50E-04
3.84E-04
5.36E-04
2.22E-06
2.35E-06
2.46E-06
9.24E-04
9.89E-04
1.07E-03
1.22E-03
1.37E-03
1.94E-03
1.84E-06
1.95E-06
1.94E-06
1.62E-05
1.77E-05
2.03E-05
4.09E-06
4.31E-06
4.44E-06
4.23E-07
4.49E-07
4.86E-07
0.011
0.012
0.019
Scenario 1A - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
5.49E-03
6.38E-03
1.10E-02
2.64E-04
3.06E-04
5.09E-04
2.39E-05
2.73E-05
4.30E-05
2.58E-07
2.87E-07
4.50E-07
2.75E-04
3.18E-04
5.15E-04
1.02E-03
1.19E-03
2.07E-03
1.31E-05
1.44E-05
2.27E-05
2.26E-04
2.57E-04
4.18E-04
4.06E-03
4.19E-03
3.04E-03
3.50E-04
3.84E-04
5.36E-04
2.22E-06
2.35E-06
2.46E-06
9.24E-04
9.89E-04
1.07E-03
1.22E-03
1.37E-03
1.94E-03
1.84E-06
1.95E-06
1.94E-06
3.25E-04
3.55E-04
4.06E-04
4.09E-06
4.31E-06
4.44E-06
4.23E-07
4.49E-07
4.86E-07
0.014
0.016
0.022
Scenario 2 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
5.36E-03
6.20E-03
1.07E-02
1.97E-04
2.28E-04
3.79E-04
2.62E-05
2.99E-05
4.64E-05
2.74E-07
3.04E-07
4.65E-07
3.08E-04
3.56E-04
5.71E-04
1.13E-03
1.31E-03
2.29E-03
1.30E-05
1.42E-05
2.20E-05
2.38E-04
2.71E-04
4.39E-04
5.00E-03
5.14E-03
3.50E-03
3.87E-04
4.21E-04
5.86E-04
2.15E-06
2.26E-06
2.31E-06
9.11E-04
9.69E-04
1.01E-03
1.32E-03
1.48E-03
2.03E-03
1.98E-06
2.10E-06
2.12E-06
7.98E-04
8.55E-04
6.69E-04
5.94E-06
6.17E-06
5.79E-06
4.50E-07
4.80E-07
5.36E-07
0.016
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
0.017
0.022
Receptor 9
1.05E-02
5.06E-04
4.19E-05
4.30E-07
5.15E-04
2.09E-03
2.01E-05
3.99E-04
6.63E-04
5.72E-04
2.74E-06
1.17E-03
1.96E-03
2.19E-06
2.13E-05
4.80E-06
5.25E-07
Receptor 10
1.13E-02
5.29E-04
4.47E-05
4.69E-07
5.37E-04
2.16E-03
2.35E-05
4.34E-04
6.42E-04
5.86E-04
2.65E-06
1.15E-03
2.02E-03
2.10E-06
2.12E-05
4.79E-06
5.28E-07
Receptor 11
1.13E-02
4.75E-04
4.17E-05
4.61E-07
4.81E-04
1.86E-03
2.65E-05
4.29E-04
5.84E-04
5.76E-04
2.33E-06
1.01E-03
1.78E-03
1.86E-06
1.84E-05
4.45E-06
5.02E-07
Receptor 12
1.32E-02
4.14E-04
4.24E-05
5.99E-07
4.48E-04
1.73E-03
3.87E-05
5.03E-04
9.35E-04
9.54E-04
4.00E-06
1.52E-03
1.77E-03
3.53E-06
2.02E-05
8.81E-06
1.10E-06
0.019
0.020
0.019
0.022
Receptor 9
1.05E-02
5.06E-04
4.19E-05
4.30E-07
5.15E-04
2.09E-03
2.01E-05
3.99E-04
3.32E-03
5.72E-04
2.74E-06
1.17E-03
1.96E-03
2.19E-06
4.26E-04
4.80E-06
5.25E-07
Receptor 10
1.13E-02
5.29E-04
4.47E-05
4.69E-07
5.37E-04
2.16E-03
2.35E-05
4.34E-04
3.21E-03
5.86E-04
2.65E-06
1.15E-03
2.02E-03
2.10E-06
4.25E-04
4.79E-06
5.28E-07
Receptor 11
1.13E-02
4.75E-04
4.17E-05
4.61E-07
4.81E-04
1.86E-03
2.65E-05
4.29E-04
2.92E-03
5.76E-04
2.33E-06
1.01E-03
1.78E-03
1.86E-06
3.68E-04
4.45E-06
5.02E-07
Receptor 12
1.32E-02
4.14E-04
4.24E-05
5.99E-07
4.48E-04
1.73E-03
3.87E-05
5.03E-04
4.68E-03
9.54E-04
4.00E-06
1.52E-03
1.77E-03
3.53E-06
4.04E-04
8.81E-06
1.10E-06
0.022
0.022
0.021
0.026
Receptor 9
1.00E-02
3.69E-04
4.53E-05
4.47E-07
5.70E-04
2.31E-03
1.95E-05
4.20E-04
3.89E-03
6.28E-04
2.59E-06
1.11E-03
2.07E-03
2.39E-06
7.50E-04
6.37E-06
5.78E-07
Receptor 10
1.10E-02
3.93E-04
4.82E-05
4.84E-07
5.94E-04
2.38E-03
2.28E-05
4.56E-04
3.70E-03
6.42E-04
2.50E-06
1.08E-03
2.12E-03
2.30E-06
7.02E-04
6.23E-06
5.80E-07
Receptor 11
1.12E-02
3.67E-04
4.50E-05
4.72E-07
5.33E-04
2.06E-03
2.57E-05
4.48E-04
3.30E-03
6.26E-04
2.20E-06
9.48E-04
1.86E-03
2.02E-06
5.90E-04
5.63E-06
5.46E-07
Receptor 12
1.33E-02
3.62E-04
4.57E-05
6.14E-07
5.05E-04
1.92E-03
3.78E-05
5.22E-04
5.37E-03
1.03E-03
3.91E-06
1.51E-03
1.91E-03
3.76E-06
7.89E-04
1.08E-05
1.14E-06
0.022
0.023
0.022
0.027
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.24
TABLE A.11: QUANTITATIVE HEALTH RISK INDICATORS
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Total
Receptor 2
2.36E-02
6.60E-04
8.89E-05
1.39E-06
8.62E-04
3.20E-03
9.19E-05
1.08E-03
2.50E-02
2.13E-03
8.51E-06
3.22E-03
3.62E-03
7.88E-06
1.82E-03
2.17E-05
1.96E-06
Receptor 3
8.15E-03
2.44E-04
3.89E-05
5.80E-07
3.92E-04
1.31E-03
3.01E-05
3.79E-04
9.05E-03
6.18E-04
3.14E-06
1.24E-03
1.63E-03
2.78E-06
8.18E-04
9.46E-06
6.12E-07
Receptor 4
1.37E-02
3.97E-04
6.98E-05
9.93E-07
7.62E-04
2.34E-03
4.15E-05
5.79E-04
8.95E-03
6.00E-04
3.65E-06
1.60E-03
2.68E-03
3.14E-06
1.32E-03
1.19E-05
6.58E-07
Receptor 5
2.01E-02
5.41E-04
6.76E-05
6.83E-07
8.33E-04
3.16E-03
3.11E-05
6.24E-04
6.96E-03
6.28E-04
2.94E-06
1.31E-03
2.73E-03
2.63E-06
9.71E-04
7.69E-06
5.88E-07
0.065
0.024
0.033
0.038
Receptor 2
2.36E-02
6.60E-04
8.89E-05
1.39E-06
8.61E-04
3.20E-03
9.19E-05
1.08E-03
2.50E-02
1.87E-03
8.50E-06
3.22E-03
3.58E-03
7.87E-06
1.82E-03
2.17E-05
1.96E-06
Receptor 3
8.19E-03
2.44E-04
3.89E-05
5.80E-07
3.92E-04
1.31E-03
3.01E-05
3.79E-04
9.03E-03
5.32E-04
3.13E-06
1.24E-03
1.61E-03
2.77E-06
8.17E-04
9.46E-06
6.11E-07
Receptor 4
1.38E-02
3.97E-04
6.98E-05
9.93E-07
7.62E-04
2.34E-03
4.15E-05
5.79E-04
8.95E-03
5.25E-04
3.65E-06
1.60E-03
2.65E-03
3.14E-06
1.32E-03
1.19E-05
6.58E-07
Receptor 5
2.03E-02
5.41E-04
6.76E-05
6.83E-07
8.33E-04
3.17E-03
3.11E-05
6.24E-04
6.95E-03
5.54E-04
2.93E-06
1.31E-03
2.68E-03
2.62E-06
9.71E-04
7.70E-06
5.88E-07
0.065
0.024
0.033
0.038
Scenario 3 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
5.59E-03
6.47E-03
1.12E-02
2.03E-04
2.35E-04
3.92E-04
2.65E-05
3.03E-05
4.78E-05
2.69E-07
3.00E-07
4.72E-07
3.16E-04
3.65E-04
5.94E-04
1.17E-03
1.36E-03
2.39E-03
1.27E-05
1.39E-05
2.19E-05
2.42E-04
2.76E-04
4.51E-04
4.97E-03
5.62E-03
4.46E-03
3.88E-04
4.23E-04
5.85E-04
1.98E-06
2.11E-06
2.36E-06
8.44E-04
9.06E-04
1.02E-03
1.24E-03
1.40E-03
1.93E-03
1.82E-06
1.95E-06
2.16E-06
6.20E-04
6.89E-04
6.79E-04
5.35E-06
5.60E-06
5.67E-06
4.20E-07
4.52E-07
5.38E-07
0.016
0.018
0.024
Scenario 4 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
5.61E-03
6.49E-03
1.12E-02
2.03E-04
2.35E-04
3.92E-04
2.65E-05
3.03E-05
4.78E-05
2.68E-07
3.00E-07
4.71E-07
3.16E-04
3.65E-04
5.94E-04
1.17E-03
1.36E-03
2.39E-03
1.27E-05
1.39E-05
2.19E-05
2.42E-04
2.76E-04
4.51E-04
4.96E-03
5.61E-03
4.45E-03
3.29E-04
3.58E-04
5.14E-04
1.98E-06
2.10E-06
2.35E-06
8.43E-04
9.05E-04
1.02E-03
1.22E-03
1.38E-03
1.90E-03
1.82E-06
1.95E-06
2.16E-06
6.20E-04
6.89E-04
6.79E-04
5.35E-06
5.59E-06
5.67E-06
4.19E-07
4.51E-07
5.37E-07
0.016
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
0.018
0.024
Receptor 9
1.03E-02
3.75E-04
4.60E-05
4.48E-07
5.82E-04
2.36E-03
1.94E-05
4.26E-04
4.89E-03
6.28E-04
2.62E-06
1.11E-03
1.94E-03
2.42E-06
7.39E-04
6.18E-06
5.76E-07
Receptor 10
1.14E-02
4.04E-04
4.94E-05
4.89E-07
6.15E-04
2.47E-03
2.26E-05
4.66E-04
4.81E-03
6.41E-04
2.56E-06
1.10E-03
2.01E-03
2.35E-06
7.20E-04
6.12E-06
5.84E-07
Receptor 11
1.18E-02
3.86E-04
4.70E-05
4.82E-07
5.66E-04
2.20E-03
2.55E-05
4.64E-04
4.25E-03
6.27E-04
2.26E-06
9.67E-04
1.80E-03
2.06E-06
6.08E-04
5.55E-06
5.49E-07
Receptor 12
1.40E-02
3.91E-04
4.86E-05
6.23E-07
5.50E-04
2.11E-03
3.74E-05
5.44E-04
8.03E-03
1.03E-03
4.09E-06
1.60E-03
1.96E-03
3.91E-06
9.10E-04
1.10E-05
1.16E-06
0.023
0.025
0.024
0.031
Receptor 9
1.04E-02
3.75E-04
4.60E-05
4.48E-07
5.82E-04
2.36E-03
1.94E-05
4.26E-04
4.88E-03
5.40E-04
2.62E-06
1.11E-03
1.91E-03
2.41E-06
7.39E-04
6.17E-06
5.76E-07
Receptor 10
1.14E-02
4.04E-04
4.94E-05
4.89E-07
6.15E-04
2.47E-03
2.26E-05
4.66E-04
4.80E-03
5.62E-04
2.56E-06
1.10E-03
1.98E-03
2.35E-06
7.20E-04
6.12E-06
5.83E-07
Receptor 11
1.18E-02
3.86E-04
4.70E-05
4.82E-07
5.66E-04
2.20E-03
2.55E-05
4.64E-04
4.24E-03
5.59E-04
2.26E-06
9.67E-04
1.77E-03
2.06E-06
6.08E-04
5.55E-06
5.49E-07
Receptor 12
1.40E-02
3.90E-04
4.86E-05
6.23E-07
5.50E-04
2.11E-03
3.74E-05
5.44E-04
8.01E-03
9.06E-04
4.08E-06
1.59E-03
1.93E-03
3.90E-06
9.10E-04
1.10E-05
1.16E-06
0.023
0.025
0.024
0.031
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.25
TABLE A.11: QUANTITATIVE HEALTH RISK INDICATORS
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Total
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Total
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Total
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Total
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Total
Receptor 2
1.31E-07
2.69E-08
3.79E-07
3.66E-08
1.17E-07
1.37E-07
4.87E-07
1.42E-08
Receptor 3
5.15E-08
1.03E-08
1.17E-07
1.21E-08
3.52E-08
5.33E-08
2.11E-07
6.89E-09
Receptor 4
1.15E-07
1.81E-08
2.06E-07
2.06E-08
3.29E-08
7.25E-08
3.63E-07
1.19E-08
Receptor 5
8.88E-08
2.34E-08
1.34E-07
1.94E-08
3.08E-08
6.54E-08
3.65E-07
1.08E-08
1.33E-06
4.98E-07
8.40E-07
7.37E-07
Receptor 2
1.31E-07
2.69E-08
3.79E-07
3.66E-08
1.17E-07
1.37E-07
4.87E-07
1.42E-08
Receptor 3
5.15E-08
1.03E-08
1.17E-07
1.21E-08
3.52E-08
5.33E-08
2.11E-07
6.89E-09
Receptor 4
1.15E-07
1.81E-08
2.06E-07
2.06E-08
3.29E-08
7.25E-08
3.63E-07
1.19E-08
Receptor 5
8.88E-08
2.34E-08
1.34E-07
1.94E-08
3.08E-08
6.54E-08
3.65E-07
1.08E-08
1.33E-06
4.98E-07
8.40E-07
7.37E-07
Receptor 2
1.40E-07
2.92E-08
3.76E-07
3.75E-08
1.45E-07
1.39E-07
5.16E-07
3.01E-08
Receptor 3
5.58E-08
1.13E-08
1.18E-07
1.26E-08
5.36E-08
5.44E-08
2.21E-07
1.51E-08
Receptor 4
1.29E-07
2.01E-08
2.19E-07
2.22E-08
6.79E-08
7.35E-08
3.80E-07
2.63E-08
Receptor 5
9.91E-08
2.61E-08
1.35E-07
2.07E-08
5.08E-08
6.20E-08
3.88E-07
2.07E-08
1.41E-06
5.42E-07
9.38E-07
8.03E-07
Receptor 2
1.33E-07
2.88E-08
3.68E-07
3.69E-08
1.48E-07
1.45E-07
5.05E-07
3.28E-08
Receptor 3
5.83E-08
1.18E-08
1.20E-07
1.29E-08
5.29E-08
5.57E-08
2.27E-07
1.47E-08
Receptor 4
1.05E-07
2.10E-08
1.66E-07
1.98E-08
6.17E-08
7.19E-08
3.74E-07
2.37E-08
Receptor 5
1.01E-07
2.85E-08
1.25E-07
2.13E-08
4.31E-08
5.91E-08
3.81E-07
1.75E-08
1.40E-06
5.54E-07
8.42E-07
7.76E-07
Receptor 2
1.33E-07
2.88E-08
3.68E-07
3.69E-08
1.50E-07
1.45E-07
4.99E-07
3.28E-08
Receptor 3
5.83E-08
1.18E-08
1.20E-07
1.29E-08
5.37E-08
5.57E-08
2.25E-07
1.47E-08
Receptor 4
1.05E-07
2.10E-08
1.66E-07
1.98E-08
6.31E-08
7.18E-08
3.69E-07
2.37E-08
Receptor 5
1.01E-07
2.85E-08
1.25E-07
2.13E-08
4.50E-08
5.91E-08
3.74E-07
1.75E-08
1.39E-06
5.52E-07
8.39E-07
7.72E-07
Scenario 1 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
3.59E-08
4.10E-08
6.45E-08
9.16E-09
1.07E-08
1.86E-08
5.24E-08
5.76E-08
9.10E-08
7.72E-09
8.78E-09
1.43E-08
2.38E-08
2.52E-08
3.02E-08
4.16E-08
4.45E-08
4.83E-08
1.70E-07
1.91E-07
2.70E-07
5.84E-09
6.38E-09
7.31E-09
3.47E-07
3.86E-07
5.44E-07
Receptor 9
6.29E-08
1.88E-08
8.04E-08
1.36E-08
3.23E-08
5.28E-08
2.74E-07
7.66E-09
Receptor 10
6.70E-08
1.94E-08
9.39E-08
1.49E-08
3.30E-08
5.17E-08
2.82E-07
7.64E-09
Receptor 11
6.26E-08
1.68E-08
1.06E-07
1.47E-08
3.17E-08
4.52E-08
2.48E-07
6.62E-09
Receptor 12
6.37E-08
1.56E-08
1.55E-07
1.72E-08
7.38E-08
6.83E-08
2.47E-07
7.27E-09
5.42E-07
5.69E-07
5.32E-07
6.48E-07
Receptor 10
6.70E-08
1.94E-08
9.39E-08
1.49E-08
3.30E-08
5.17E-08
2.82E-07
7.64E-09
Receptor 11
6.26E-08
1.68E-08
1.06E-07
1.47E-08
3.17E-08
4.52E-08
2.48E-07
6.62E-09
Receptor 12
6.37E-08
1.56E-08
1.55E-07
1.72E-08
7.38E-08
6.83E-08
2.47E-07
7.27E-09
5.42E-07
5.69E-07
5.32E-07
6.48E-07
Receptor 9
6.80E-08
2.08E-08
7.81E-08
1.44E-08
4.20E-08
5.00E-08
2.89E-07
1.35E-08
Receptor 10
7.23E-08
2.14E-08
9.11E-08
1.56E-08
4.08E-08
4.87E-08
2.95E-07
1.26E-08
Receptor 11
6.74E-08
1.85E-08
1.03E-07
1.53E-08
3.76E-08
4.27E-08
2.59E-07
1.06E-08
Receptor 12
6.86E-08
1.73E-08
1.51E-07
1.78E-08
8.29E-08
6.79E-08
2.66E-07
1.42E-08
5.75E-07
5.98E-07
5.54E-07
6.86E-07
Receptor 9
6.89E-08
2.12E-08
7.75E-08
1.46E-08
4.08E-08
5.01E-08
2.71E-07
1.33E-08
Receptor 10
7.41E-08
2.23E-08
9.04E-08
1.59E-08
4.03E-08
4.94E-08
2.80E-07
1.30E-08
Receptor 11
7.05E-08
1.98E-08
1.02E-07
1.59E-08
3.70E-08
4.35E-08
2.52E-07
1.09E-08
Receptor 12
7.29E-08
1.90E-08
1.50E-07
1.86E-08
8.51E-08
7.18E-08
2.73E-07
1.64E-08
5.57E-07
5.86E-07
5.51E-07
7.06E-07
Receptor 9
6.90E-08
2.12E-08
7.75E-08
1.46E-08
4.22E-08
5.00E-08
2.67E-07
1.33E-08
Receptor 10
7.41E-08
2.23E-08
9.04E-08
1.59E-08
4.18E-08
4.94E-08
2.75E-07
1.30E-08
Receptor 11
7.05E-08
1.98E-08
1.02E-07
1.59E-08
3.84E-08
4.35E-08
2.47E-07
1.09E-08
Receptor 12
7.28E-08
1.90E-08
1.50E-07
1.86E-08
8.63E-08
7.17E-08
2.69E-07
1.64E-08
5.54E-07
5.82E-07
5.48E-07
7.03E-07
Scenario 1A - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
Receptor 9
3.59E-08
4.10E-08
6.45E-08
6.29E-08
9.16E-09
1.07E-08
1.86E-08
1.88E-08
5.24E-08
5.76E-08
9.10E-08
8.04E-08
7.72E-09
8.78E-09
1.43E-08
1.36E-08
2.38E-08
2.52E-08
3.02E-08
3.23E-08
4.16E-08
4.45E-08
4.83E-08
5.28E-08
1.70E-07
1.91E-07
2.70E-07
2.74E-07
5.84E-09
6.38E-09
7.31E-09
7.66E-09
3.47E-07
3.86E-07
5.44E-07
Scenario 2 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
3.93E-08
4.48E-08
6.96E-08
1.01E-08
1.18E-08
2.06E-08
5.20E-08
5.69E-08
8.81E-08
8.16E-09
9.28E-09
1.50E-08
4.10E-08
4.31E-08
3.77E-08
4.10E-08
4.36E-08
4.54E-08
1.84E-07
2.07E-07
2.83E-07
1.44E-08
1.54E-08
1.20E-08
3.90E-07
4.32E-07
5.72E-07
Scenario 3 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
3.97E-08
4.55E-08
7.17E-08
1.06E-08
1.23E-08
2.15E-08
5.07E-08
5.56E-08
8.75E-08
8.29E-09
9.44E-09
1.54E-08
3.47E-08
3.70E-08
3.69E-08
3.80E-08
4.08E-08
4.59E-08
1.73E-07
1.95E-07
2.69E-07
1.12E-08
1.24E-08
1.22E-08
3.66E-07
4.08E-07
5.61E-07
Scenario 4 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
3.97E-08
4.55E-08
7.18E-08
1.06E-08
1.23E-08
2.15E-08
5.07E-08
5.56E-08
8.75E-08
8.29E-09
9.44E-09
1.54E-08
3.54E-08
3.79E-08
3.84E-08
3.79E-08
4.07E-08
4.59E-08
1.71E-07
1.92E-07
2.65E-07
1.12E-08
1.24E-08
1.22E-08
3.64E-07
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
4.06E-07
5.58E-07
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.26
TABLE A.12: PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTIONS
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
Max
9th Highest
42.2%
26.9%
1.6%
0.3%
5.6%
1.3%
44.0%
66.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.15%
0.05%
3.5%
1.0%
0.00%
0.01%
0.006%
0.009%
0.10%
0.15%
2.9%
4.2%
0.0046%
0.0021%
0.027%
0.004%
0.0027%
0.0040%
0.0019%
0.0028%
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
72.5%
80.1%
0.5%
0.5%
3.7%
4.1%
18.5%
9.8%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.19%
0.28%
3.0%
4.2%
0.09%
0.14%
0.003%
0.002%
0.05%
0.03%
1.5%
0.9%
0.0065%
0.0089%
0.007%
0.008%
0.0013%
0.0007%
0.0008%
0.0004%
Scenario 1 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0.0001%
0.0016%
38.0%
56.4%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.8%
1.0%
0.000003%
0.0001%
2.9%
2.9%
99.6%
99.6%
54.8%
35.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.003%
0.004%
0.11%
0.09%
0.004%
0.023%
1.3%
0.8%
0.000002%
0.00003%
0.02%
0.00%
0.001%
0.001%
0.003%
0.004%
0.02%
0.02%
0.06%
0.07%
0.3%
0.4%
2.1%
3.1%
0.0001%
0.0002%
0.0024%
0.0017%
0.000%
0.000%
0.011%
0.012%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0012%
0.0014%
0.0002%
0.0002%
0.0006%
0.0006%
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
59.5%
78.3%
1.7%
0.4%
3.4%
4.4%
29.5%
11.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.21%
0.31%
2.1%
4.0%
0.09%
0.15%
0.007%
0.002%
0.11%
0.03%
3.4%
0.8%
0.0046%
0.0089%
0.025%
0.008%
0.0027%
0.0008%
0.0018%
0.0006%
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
48.9%
58.1%
1.3%
0.6%
3.4%
3.8%
40.3%
30.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.14%
0.24%
1.4%
2.5%
0.17%
0.22%
0.010%
0.010%
0.15%
0.15%
4.2%
3.9%
0.0080%
0.0076%
0.020%
0.012%
0.0034%
0.0031%
0.0023%
0.0021%
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
48.2%
53.4%
0.8%
1.3%
3.3%
4.2%
42.1%
35.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.12%
0.20%
1.2%
2.0%
0.17%
0.27%
0.008%
0.004%
0.12%
0.07%
4.0%
2.6%
0.0070%
0.0070%
0.015%
0.022%
0.0028%
0.0019%
0.0018%
0.0011%
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
50.1%
46.2%
1.9%
1.8%
3.6%
2.8%
37.3%
43.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.12%
0.20%
1.4%
2.1%
0.38%
0.10%
0.008%
0.005%
0.13%
0.08%
5.0%
3.0%
0.0099%
0.0049%
0.031%
0.020%
0.0039%
0.0028%
0.0025%
0.0019%
Scenario 1 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
47.8%
53.6%
0.8%
0.4%
3.3%
2.9%
42.3%
38.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.11%
0.11%
1.1%
1.3%
0.17%
0.31%
0.008%
0.007%
0.13%
0.11%
4.1%
2.9%
0.0072%
0.0063%
0.015%
0.009%
0.0029%
0.0036%
0.0019%
0.0027%
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
47.1%
67.0%
0.7%
0.6%
3.2%
4.6%
44.9%
22.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.13%
0.32%
1.4%
4.5%
0.32%
0.15%
0.004%
0.003%
0.06%
0.05%
2.1%
0.7%
0.0078%
0.0094%
0.008%
0.008%
0.0020%
0.0014%
0.0014%
0.0012%
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
72.7%
70.9%
0.5%
0.7%
2.8%
1.5%
20.3%
22.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.18%
0.14%
2.7%
2.5%
0.07%
0.14%
0.006%
0.006%
0.10%
0.09%
0.6%
1.3%
0.0049%
0.0063%
0.006%
0.008%
0.0029%
0.0021%
0.0026%
0.0018%
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
Max
9th Highest
17.4%
33.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
12.9%
6.4%
3.3%
3.4%
0.4%
0.3%
17.85%
20.02%
47.2%
35.3%
0.131%
0.095%
0.005%
0.004%
0.07%
0.06%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0152%
0.0272%
0.228%
0.286%
0.0019%
0.0017%
0.0018%
0.0017%
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
46.9%
69.3%
0.2%
0.4%
1.6%
3.6%
5.1%
7.2%
5.5%
6.7%
0.5%
0.7%
16.28%
4.16%
22.6%
5.4%
0.028%
0.006%
0.001%
0.001%
0.02%
0.02%
0.5%
0.8%
0.0086%
0.0034%
0.851%
1.606%
0.0006%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0002%
Scenario 1A - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0%
0%
33.3%
37.7%
0.0001%
0.002%
0.7%
0.4%
0.0%
0%
2.5%
1.8%
97.8%
99.8%
48.0%
44.7%
0.0%
0.0%
4.8%
3.7%
0.1%
0.04%
1.6%
1.6%
0.01%
0%
2.85%
3.58%
1.9%
0%
3.3%
3.8%
0.005%
0.002%
0.030%
0.040%
0.001%
0.0005%
0.003%
0.003%
0.01%
0.01%
0.05%
0.05%
0.1%
0.1%
1.8%
1.8%
0.0003% 0.00000000002% 0.0021%
0.0028%
0.017%
0.000000002%
1.069%
0.807%
0.0003%
0.0002%
0.0010%
0.0011%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0005%
0.0006%
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
47.5%
43.5%
0.9%
1.8%
4.5%
2.4%
18.3%
29.0%
9.2%
4.9%
1.7%
3.0%
6.99%
5.41%
7.0%
5.5%
0.072%
0.111%
0.004%
0.007%
0.07%
0.11%
1.9%
3.4%
0.0071%
0.0038%
1.936%
1.022%
0.0017%
0.0027%
0.0012%
0.0018%
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
41.1%
48.8%
1.1%
0.7%
2.8%
4.0%
33.9%
21.1%
6.0%
8.5%
2.9%
2.2%
3.54%
5.13%
3.5%
5.0%
0.156%
0.078%
0.008%
0.006%
0.13%
0.09%
3.5%
2.5%
0.0067%
0.0078%
1.307%
1.836%
0.0028%
0.0022%
0.0019%
0.0016%
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
40.6%
43.8%
0.5%
1.1%
3.3%
3.5%
33.2%
29.5%
6.3%
6.7%
2.9%
1.9%
4.19%
4.83%
4.2%
5.0%
0.107%
0.065%
0.006%
0.003%
0.10%
0.05%
3.2%
2.1%
0.0050%
0.0058%
1.415%
1.507%
0.0022%
0.0015%
0.0014%
0.0009%
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
37.9%
48.7%
0.3%
0.4%
1.2%
3.5%
14.0%
24.6%
3.7%
6.9%
0.6%
2.6%
9.97%
4.40%
30.9%
4.4%
0.116%
0.086%
0.004%
0.006%
0.06%
0.09%
0.5%
2.8%
0.0175%
0.0069%
0.704%
1.532%
0.0015%
0.0018%
0.0013%
0.0010%
Scenario 1A - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
40.2%
45.0%
0.5%
0.8%
3.3%
2.9%
33.7%
21.9%
6.4%
6.5%
3.0%
2.4%
3.99%
7.94%
4.0%
8.4%
0.113%
0.092%
0.006%
0.005%
0.10%
0.08%
3.4%
2.7%
0.0053%
0.0044%
1.450%
1.265%
0.0023%
0.0023%
0.0015%
0.0015%
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
40.6%
49.6%
0.6%
0.4%
2.8%
3.7%
38.8%
22.2%
5.2%
7.4%
1.7%
1.2%
3.35%
6.17%
3.7%
6.4%
0.090%
0.071%
0.003%
0.003%
0.05%
0.04%
1.8%
1.2%
0.0068%
0.0061%
1.282%
1.664%
0.0017%
0.0012%
0.0012%
0.0009%
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
18.2%
21.8%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
14.5%
21.3%
3.3%
3.8%
1.1%
0.4%
25.29%
16.10%
35.7%
35.3%
0.136%
0.250%
0.004%
0.008%
0.06%
0.12%
0.9%
0.3%
0.0192%
0.0119%
0.252%
0.309%
0.0019%
0.0036%
0.0016%
0.0032%
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
Max
9th Highest
5.6%
30.7%
0.1%
0.6%
0.1%
1.4%
19.6%
42.8%
3.8%
6.0%
0.3%
1.5%
16.85%
3.29%
52.7%
10.0%
0.121%
0.146%
0.005%
0.005%
0.08%
0.08%
0.2%
1.7%
0.0245%
0.0053%
0.481%
1.798%
0.0022%
0.0025%
0.0019%
0.0020%
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
45.7%
69.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.8%
1.8%
5.2%
6.2%
5.8%
7.5%
0.5%
0.8%
16.18%
4.66%
23.9%
6.5%
0.028%
0.006%
0.001%
0.001%
0.02%
0.02%
0.5%
0.9%
0.0112%
0.0053%
1.061%
2.001%
0.0007%
0.0006%
0.0005%
0.0002%
Scenario 2 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0%
0%
27.2%
27.9%
0.00079%
0.00001%
0.6%
0.3%
0%
0%
1.1%
0.9%
98.2%
99.6%
55.1%
54.0%
0.9%
0.00002%
4.8%
4.0%
0.1%
0.2%
1.7%
1.9%
0.41%
0.000009%
2.87%
3.75%
0.0%
0.00000004%
3.5%
4.1%
0.004%
0.004%
0.029%
0.040%
0.001%
0.001%
0.003%
0.003%
0.01%
0.01%
0.05%
0.06%
0.2%
0.2%
2.0%
2.1%
0.0001%
0.0000001%
0.0031%
0.0043%
0.020%
0.000%
1.134%
0.964%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0012%
0.0013%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0005%
0.0006%
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
46.0%
53.5%
0.9%
0.7%
2.2%
2.4%
18.2%
7.7%
10.5%
11.7%
1.9%
1.1%
7.78%
9.31%
7.8%
9.4%
0.074%
0.041%
0.005%
0.003%
0.08%
0.05%
2.3%
1.5%
0.0106%
0.0113%
2.257%
2.512%
0.0022%
0.0013%
0.0014%
0.0007%
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
56.2%
32.0%
0.6%
1.3%
2.3%
1.4%
4.6%
38.9%
11.0%
7.4%
1.2%
3.8%
9.36%
4.30%
10.9%
4.3%
0.037%
0.188%
0.002%
0.011%
0.04%
0.17%
1.3%
4.6%
0.0108%
0.0112%
2.414%
1.598%
0.0010%
0.0040%
0.0006%
0.0026%
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
29.7%
45.9%
0.2%
0.2%
0.5%
1.2%
18.4%
22.0%
3.8%
6.2%
0.6%
1.2%
10.09%
9.67%
35.0%
11.0%
0.117%
0.073%
0.004%
0.003%
0.06%
0.05%
0.5%
1.2%
0.0240%
0.0066%
0.862%
1.190%
0.0018%
0.0015%
0.0016%
0.0011%
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
30.6%
43.0%
0.3%
1.1%
0.7%
1.5%
15.3%
24.1%
4.1%
7.4%
0.7%
2.0%
10.03%
8.19%
36.5%
8.6%
0.114%
0.087%
0.004%
0.003%
0.06%
0.06%
0.6%
2.3%
0.0235%
0.0065%
0.999%
1.532%
0.0017%
0.0018%
0.0015%
0.0011%
Scenario 2 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
30.2%
34.9%
0.2%
1.1%
0.5%
1.2%
19.4%
35.7%
3.7%
5.7%
0.6%
4.0%
10.06%
5.58%
33.7%
5.9%
0.115%
0.229%
0.004%
0.008%
0.06%
0.12%
0.5%
4.2%
0.0236%
0.0057%
0.853%
1.312%
0.0018%
0.0043%
0.0016%
0.0031%
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
34.0%
49.1%
0.6%
0.4%
1.4%
1.8%
43.8%
22.3%
5.8%
8.0%
2.1%
1.3%
3.84%
6.57%
4.3%
7.1%
0.103%
0.077%
0.004%
0.003%
0.07%
0.05%
2.3%
1.4%
0.0090%
0.0079%
1.506%
1.900%
0.0021%
0.0014%
0.0014%
0.0009%
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
10.9%
49.0%
0.3%
0.4%
0.2%
2.0%
17.0%
21.1%
3.1%
9.0%
1.3%
1.0%
26.46%
3.93%
39.2%
9.9%
0.129%
0.092%
0.005%
0.004%
0.07%
0.07%
1.1%
1.1%
0.0238%
0.0213%
0.323%
2.263%
0.0022%
0.0020%
0.0018%
0.0016%
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.27
TABLE A.12: PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTIONS
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
No
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
630-08-0
7446-09-5
PM10
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
Max
9th Highest
27.0%
28.1%
0.3%
0.1%
0.7%
0.7%
10.8%
7.1%
2.9%
3.1%
0.5%
0.3%
15.59%
17.36%
41.3%
42.5%
0.078%
0.081%
0.003%
0.004%
0.05%
0.06%
0.4%
0.2%
0.0189%
0.0384%
0.347%
0.356%
0.0013%
0.0018%
0.0011%
0.0016%
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
8.4%
56.5%
0.0%
0.3%
0.3%
1.7%
25.3%
16.0%
1.6%
7.1%
0.2%
1.2%
7.83%
5.12%
55.4%
8.8%
0.083%
0.038%
0.003%
0.003%
0.05%
0.05%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0243%
0.0077%
0.543%
1.752%
0.0015%
0.0013%
0.0012%
0.0006%
Scenario 3 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0%
0%
49.1%
47.6%
0.00008%
0.0001%
0.7%
0.8%
0%
0%
3.3%
1.5%
90.3%
99.2%
6.7%
29.9%
0.0%
0.01047%
14.3%
6.2%
0.1%
0.3%
1.1%
3.2%
0.02%
0.005%
9.01%
2.96%
9.2%
0.00002%
11.1%
2.6%
0.009%
0.011%
0.050%
0.028%
0.001%
0.001%
0.003%
0.005%
0.03%
0.03%
0.05%
0.07%
0.2%
0.5%
1.2%
3.5%
0.0007%
0.0001%
0.0108%
0.0029%
0.149%
0.028%
3.393%
1.505%
0.0008%
0.0009%
0.0012%
0.0015%
0.0003%
0.0003%
0.0008%
0.0006%
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
46.3%
54.5%
0.9%
0.7%
2.3%
2.6%
18.3%
6.8%
10.7%
12.1%
1.9%
1.1%
7.55%
9.09%
7.5%
9.0%
0.070%
0.039%
0.005%
0.003%
0.08%
0.05%
2.2%
1.5%
0.0102%
0.0110%
2.258%
2.535%
0.0021%
0.0013%
0.0014%
0.0007%
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
54.4%
26.8%
0.5%
0.3%
2.5%
0.8%
4.6%
20.6%
11.4%
3.7%
1.1%
0.8%
9.28%
7.09%
12.2%
38.1%
0.036%
0.072%
0.002%
0.004%
0.04%
0.05%
1.2%
0.8%
0.0108%
0.0128%
2.493%
0.916%
0.0009%
0.0013%
0.0006%
0.0010%
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
30.5%
40.3%
0.2%
1.1%
0.9%
1.7%
18.1%
31.6%
3.8%
7.4%
0.6%
2.3%
8.41%
5.36%
36.0%
5.6%
0.104%
0.069%
0.004%
0.004%
0.06%
0.07%
0.5%
2.6%
0.0215%
0.0075%
0.862%
1.767%
0.0016%
0.0018%
0.0014%
0.0010%
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
31.8%
45.7%
0.3%
0.9%
0.9%
1.7%
14.9%
21.1%
4.1%
7.8%
0.7%
1.7%
8.60%
8.56%
37.0%
9.0%
0.105%
0.067%
0.004%
0.003%
0.06%
0.04%
0.6%
1.9%
0.0217%
0.0059%
0.957%
1.573%
0.0016%
0.0014%
0.0014%
0.0008%
Scenario 3 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
29.4%
32.9%
0.2%
0.5%
0.8%
1.4%
18.1%
42.3%
3.6%
5.8%
0.5%
3.9%
8.32%
3.48%
37.5%
3.7%
0.097%
0.376%
0.003%
0.010%
0.05%
0.17%
0.5%
4.0%
0.0202%
0.0073%
0.836%
1.452%
0.0015%
0.0050%
0.0013%
0.0038%
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
32.3%
27.8%
0.2%
0.7%
0.6%
0.7%
27.6%
50.9%
2.6%
3.0%
0.5%
2.1%
6.08%
5.68%
28.9%
6.2%
0.080%
0.101%
0.003%
0.004%
0.05%
0.07%
0.4%
2.3%
0.0179%
0.0030%
0.632%
0.505%
0.0017%
0.0021%
0.0015%
0.0014%
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
18.0%
42.3%
0.3%
0.4%
1.0%
2.5%
14.0%
19.6%
2.9%
11.4%
1.2%
0.8%
24.56%
6.66%
36.4%
12.8%
0.117%
0.046%
0.004%
0.003%
0.07%
0.04%
1.1%
0.9%
0.0215%
0.0145%
0.269%
2.504%
0.0021%
0.0012%
0.0017%
0.0009%
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate matter < 10 µm
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
Max
9th Highest
27.1%
32.7%
0.4%
1.5%
0.7%
0.4%
10.8%
20.7%
2.9%
1.6%
0.5%
1.1%
15.56%
5.16%
41.2%
34.8%
0.078%
0.093%
0.003%
0.004%
0.05%
0.07%
0.4%
1.3%
0.0189%
0.0169%
0.347%
0.601%
0.0013%
0.0019%
0.0011%
0.0014%
Receptor 3
Max
9th Highest
8.6%
56.0%
0.1%
1.3%
0.3%
1.7%
25.2%
15.8%
1.6%
7.0%
0.2%
1.2%
7.81%
5.08%
55.2%
8.7%
0.083%
0.038%
0.003%
0.003%
0.05%
0.05%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0243%
0.0076%
0.541%
1.736%
0.0015%
0.0013%
0.0012%
0.0006%
Scenario 4 - Acute
Receptor 4
Receptor 5
Max
9th Highest
Max
9th Highest
0%
0%
34.7%
36.1%
0.00009%
0.0001%
2.3%
0.6%
0%
0%
1.3%
1.1%
90.3%
99.1%
42.9%
40.4%
0.04%
0.03%
5.6%
4.7%
0.1%
0.3%
2.0%
1.9%
0.02%
0.012%
3.33%
5.72%
9.2%
0.05%
4.0%
6.3%
0.009%
0.01%
0.032%
0.035%
0.001%
0.001%
0.004%
0.003%
0.03%
0.03%
0.06%
0.05%
0.2%
0.5%
2.4%
2.1%
0.0007%
0.0002%
0.0035%
0.0071%
0.149%
0.043%
1.290%
1.012%
0.0008%
0.0009%
0.0013%
0.0012%
0.0003%
0.0003%
0.0006%
0.0005%
Receptor 6
Max
9th Highest
45.9%
55.0%
1.8%
0.7%
2.3%
2.6%
18.1%
6.8%
10.6%
11.9%
1.9%
1.1%
7.48%
8.97%
7.4%
8.9%
0.069%
0.038%
0.005%
0.003%
0.08%
0.05%
2.2%
1.5%
0.0101%
0.0109%
2.238%
2.502%
0.0021%
0.0012%
0.0013%
0.0007%
Receptor 7
Max
9th Highest
54.2%
30.2%
1.6%
2.0%
2.5%
1.4%
4.5%
38.3%
11.2%
6.3%
1.1%
3.9%
9.10%
5.39%
12.0%
6.0%
0.035%
0.176%
0.002%
0.011%
0.04%
0.17%
1.2%
4.8%
0.0105%
0.0072%
2.445%
1.394%
0.0009%
0.0039%
0.0006%
0.0025%
Receptor 8
Max
9th Highest
31.2%
40.0%
0.5%
2.1%
0.9%
1.7%
17.8%
31.3%
3.8%
7.3%
0.6%
2.3%
8.29%
5.30%
35.5%
5.6%
0.103%
0.068%
0.004%
0.004%
0.05%
0.07%
0.5%
2.5%
0.0212%
0.0074%
0.850%
1.746%
0.0016%
0.0018%
0.0014%
0.0010%
Receptor 9
Max
9th Highest
32.7%
45.7%
0.5%
1.1%
0.9%
1.7%
14.6%
21.0%
4.0%
7.8%
0.7%
1.7%
8.45%
8.53%
36.4%
8.9%
0.103%
0.067%
0.004%
0.003%
0.06%
0.04%
0.6%
1.9%
0.0213%
0.0059%
0.941%
1.568%
0.0016%
0.0014%
0.0013%
0.0008%
Scenario 4 - Acute
Receptor 10
Max
9th Highest
30.2%
46.3%
0.4%
1.2%
0.8%
1.7%
17.8%
16.3%
3.6%
7.7%
0.5%
2.8%
8.20%
9.28%
36.9%
9.9%
0.096%
0.086%
0.003%
0.006%
0.05%
0.09%
0.5%
3.0%
0.0199%
0.0056%
0.824%
1.570%
0.0015%
0.0024%
0.0013%
0.0015%
Receptor 11
Max
9th Highest
32.8%
47.0%
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
1.9%
27.2%
21.1%
2.5%
8.7%
0.4%
0.9%
5.99%
8.30%
28.5%
8.7%
0.079%
0.081%
0.003%
0.003%
0.05%
0.05%
0.4%
1.0%
0.0176%
0.0090%
0.623%
1.782%
0.0017%
0.0014%
0.0015%
0.0011%
Receptor 12
Max
9th Highest
17.6%
42.7%
1.0%
0.5%
1.0%
2.5%
14.0%
19.4%
2.9%
11.3%
1.2%
0.8%
24.48%
6.60%
36.3%
12.7%
0.117%
0.045%
0.004%
0.003%
0.07%
0.04%
1.1%
0.9%
0.0214%
0.0144%
0.268%
2.482%
0.0021%
0.0012%
0.0017%
0.0009%
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.28
TABLE A.12: PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTIONS
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
56.36%
1.86%
0.22%
0.00%
2.06%
7.67%
0.24%
2.75%
6.78%
5.03%
0.02%
7.85%
8.99%
0.02%
0.10%
0.04%
0.005%
Receptor 3
53.38%
1.91%
0.23%
0.00%
2.25%
7.82%
0.20%
2.41%
9.30%
3.84%
0.02%
8.09%
10.35%
0.02%
0.13%
0.04%
0.004%
Receptor 4
57.07%
2.00%
0.32%
0.01%
3.29%
8.48%
0.22%
2.54%
5.80%
2.29%
0.02%
6.80%
10.98%
0.01%
0.14%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 5
66.03%
2.13%
0.19%
0.002%
2.27%
8.47%
0.11%
1.85%
3.70%
1.86%
0.01%
4.74%
8.52%
0.01%
0.10%
0.02%
0.002%
Scenario 1 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
51.57%
52.73%
58.68%
2.48%
2.53%
2.71%
0.22%
0.23%
0.23%
0.002%
0.002%
0.002%
2.58%
2.63%
2.74%
9.57%
9.81%
11.03%
0.12%
0.12%
0.12%
2.12%
2.12%
2.23%
7.64%
6.92%
3.24%
3.29%
3.17%
2.85%
0.02%
0.02%
0.01%
8.68%
8.17%
5.71%
11.49%
11.35%
10.31%
0.02%
0.02%
0.01%
0.15%
0.15%
0.11%
0.04%
0.04%
0.02%
0.004%
0.004%
0.003%
Receptor 9
56.89%
2.73%
0.23%
0.002%
2.78%
11.30%
0.11%
2.15%
3.58%
3.09%
0.01%
6.34%
10.61%
0.01%
0.11%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 10
58.19%
2.71%
0.23%
0.002%
2.75%
11.06%
0.12%
2.23%
3.29%
3.01%
0.01%
5.89%
10.36%
0.01%
0.11%
0.02%
0.003%
Receptor 11
60.73%
2.56%
0.22%
0.002%
2.59%
10.03%
0.14%
2.31%
3.15%
3.10%
0.01%
5.42%
9.59%
0.01%
0.10%
0.02%
0.003%
Receptor 12
61.09%
1.92%
0.20%
0.003%
2.07%
8.01%
0.18%
2.33%
4.33%
4.42%
0.02%
7.03%
8.22%
0.02%
0.09%
0.04%
0.005%
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
43.66%
1.44%
0.17%
0.003%
1.59%
5.95%
0.19%
2.13%
26.28%
3.90%
0.02%
6.08%
6.96%
0.01%
1.57%
0.03%
0.004%
Receptor 3
38.22%
1.37%
0.17%
0.003%
1.61%
5.60%
0.14%
1.73%
33.29%
2.75%
0.02%
5.79%
7.41%
0.01%
1.87%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 4
45.35%
1.59%
0.26%
0.004%
2.61%
6.74%
0.17%
2.02%
23.04%
1.82%
0.01%
5.40%
8.72%
0.01%
2.22%
0.03%
0.002%
Receptor 5
56.61%
1.83%
0.17%
0.002%
1.95%
7.26%
0.09%
1.58%
15.85%
1.59%
0.01%
4.06%
7.31%
0.01%
1.67%
0.02%
0.002%
Scenario 1A - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
38.64%
40.41%
51.02%
1.86%
1.94%
2.36%
0.17%
0.17%
0.20%
0.002%
0.002%
0.002%
1.94%
2.02%
2.38%
7.17%
7.52%
9.59%
0.09%
0.09%
0.11%
1.59%
1.63%
1.94%
28.61%
26.53%
14.08%
2.46%
2.43%
2.48%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
6.51%
6.27%
4.97%
8.61%
8.70%
8.96%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
2.29%
2.25%
1.88%
0.03%
0.03%
0.02%
0.003%
0.003%
0.002%
Receptor 9
48.83%
2.35%
0.19%
0.002%
2.39%
9.70%
0.09%
1.85%
15.38%
2.65%
0.01%
5.44%
9.11%
0.01%
1.97%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 10
50.50%
2.35%
0.20%
0.002%
2.39%
9.60%
0.10%
1.93%
14.28%
2.61%
0.01%
5.11%
8.99%
0.01%
1.89%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 11
53.06%
2.23%
0.20%
0.002%
2.26%
8.76%
0.12%
2.02%
13.75%
2.71%
0.01%
4.73%
8.37%
0.01%
1.73%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 12
51.29%
1.61%
0.17%
0.002%
1.74%
6.73%
0.15%
1.96%
18.19%
3.71%
0.02%
5.91%
6.90%
0.01%
1.57%
0.03%
0.004%
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
41.40%
1.22%
0.17%
0.003%
1.64%
5.90%
0.17%
1.99%
28.14%
3.88%
0.01%
5.63%
6.74%
0.01%
3.04%
0.04%
0.004%
Receptor 3
34.43%
1.05%
0.16%
0.002%
1.64%
5.54%
0.13%
1.62%
36.66%
2.72%
0.01%
5.32%
6.99%
0.01%
3.68%
0.04%
0.003%
Receptor 4
40.91%
1.16%
0.27%
0.004%
2.74%
6.92%
0.17%
2.01%
25.91%
1.85%
0.01%
5.06%
8.43%
0.01%
4.52%
0.04%
0.002%
Receptor 5
52.62%
1.34%
0.18%
0.002%
2.13%
7.80%
0.09%
1.63%
18.20%
1.68%
0.01%
3.71%
7.49%
0.01%
3.09%
0.02%
0.002%
Scenario 2 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
34.12%
35.86%
48.04%
1.26%
1.32%
1.71%
0.17%
0.17%
0.21%
0.002%
0.002%
0.002%
1.96%
2.06%
2.57%
7.17%
7.59%
10.29%
0.08%
0.08%
0.10%
1.52%
1.57%
1.97%
31.87%
29.71%
15.75%
2.46%
2.44%
2.64%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
5.80%
5.60%
4.54%
8.43%
8.59%
9.13%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
5.08%
4.94%
3.01%
0.04%
0.04%
0.03%
0.003%
0.003%
0.002%
Receptor 9
45.14%
1.66%
0.20%
0.002%
2.56%
10.38%
0.09%
1.89%
17.51%
2.83%
0.01%
5.00%
9.32%
0.01%
3.37%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 10
47.46%
1.70%
0.21%
0.002%
2.57%
10.29%
0.10%
1.97%
16.00%
2.78%
0.01%
4.68%
9.15%
0.01%
3.03%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 11
50.79%
1.67%
0.20%
0.002%
2.43%
9.36%
0.12%
2.04%
15.01%
2.85%
0.01%
4.31%
8.47%
0.01%
2.69%
0.03%
0.002%
Receptor 12
48.61%
1.33%
0.17%
0.002%
1.85%
7.04%
0.14%
1.91%
19.68%
3.78%
0.01%
5.53%
7.00%
0.01%
2.89%
0.04%
0.004%
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.29
TABLE A.12: PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTIONS
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
36.11%
1.01%
0.14%
0.002%
1.32%
4.89%
0.14%
1.65%
38.19%
3.26%
0.01%
4.92%
5.54%
0.01%
2.78%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 3
34.08%
1.02%
0.16%
0.002%
1.64%
5.48%
0.13%
1.58%
37.84%
2.59%
0.01%
5.18%
6.81%
0.01%
3.42%
0.04%
0.003%
Receptor 4
41.53%
1.20%
0.21%
0.003%
2.30%
7.06%
0.13%
1.75%
27.05%
1.81%
0.01%
4.82%
8.10%
0.01%
3.97%
0.04%
0.002%
Receptor 5
52.93%
1.42%
0.18%
0.002%
2.19%
8.33%
0.08%
1.64%
18.32%
1.65%
0.01%
3.46%
7.19%
0.01%
2.56%
0.02%
0.002%
Scenario 3 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
35.75%
36.35%
46.98%
1.30%
1.32%
1.65%
0.17%
0.17%
0.20%
0.002%
0.002%
0.002%
2.02%
2.05%
2.50%
7.50%
7.67%
10.08%
0.08%
0.08%
0.09%
1.55%
1.55%
1.90%
31.77%
31.56%
18.79%
2.48%
2.38%
2.47%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
5.40%
5.09%
4.30%
7.94%
7.86%
8.14%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
3.97%
3.87%
2.86%
0.03%
0.03%
0.02%
0.003%
0.003%
0.002%
Receptor 9
44.05%
1.60%
0.20%
0.002%
2.48%
10.05%
0.08%
1.81%
20.84%
2.67%
0.01%
4.74%
8.28%
0.01%
3.15%
0.03%
0.002%
Receptor 10
46.18%
1.63%
0.20%
0.002%
2.48%
9.99%
0.09%
1.88%
19.44%
2.59%
0.01%
4.43%
8.12%
0.01%
2.91%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 11
49.63%
1.63%
0.20%
0.002%
2.38%
9.27%
0.11%
1.96%
17.90%
2.64%
0.01%
4.07%
7.60%
0.01%
2.56%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 12
44.82%
1.25%
0.16%
0.002%
1.76%
6.75%
0.12%
1.74%
25.71%
3.31%
0.01%
5.11%
6.27%
0.01%
2.92%
0.04%
0.004%
No
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CAS # / ID
10102-44-0
7446-09-5
7440-38-2
7782-49-2
7439-96-5
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
7439-97-6
7664-41-7
67-64-1
75-07-0
50-00-0
78-93-3
71-43-2
108-88-3
1330-20-7
Compound Name
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Arsenic
Selenium
Manganese
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
Mercury
Ammonia
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-Butanone
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
Receptor 2
36.24%
1.01%
0.14%
0.002%
1.32%
4.92%
0.14%
1.66%
38.37%
2.87%
0.01%
4.95%
5.50%
0.01%
2.80%
0.03%
0.003%
Receptor 3
34.38%
1.02%
0.16%
0.002%
1.65%
5.50%
0.13%
1.59%
37.90%
2.23%
0.01%
5.19%
6.76%
0.01%
3.43%
0.04%
0.003%
Receptor 4
41.79%
1.20%
0.21%
0.003%
2.31%
7.08%
0.13%
1.75%
27.07%
1.59%
0.01%
4.83%
8.01%
0.01%
3.98%
0.04%
0.002%
Receptor 5
53.32%
1.42%
0.18%
0.002%
2.19%
8.32%
0.08%
1.64%
18.29%
1.46%
0.01%
3.46%
7.06%
0.01%
2.55%
0.02%
0.002%
Scenario 4 - Chronic
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
36.03%
36.63%
47.25%
1.31%
1.32%
1.66%
0.17%
0.17%
0.20%
0.002%
0.002%
0.002%
2.03%
2.06%
2.51%
7.53%
7.70%
10.12%
0.08%
0.08%
0.09%
1.56%
1.56%
1.91%
31.85%
31.64%
18.83%
2.11%
2.02%
2.17%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
5.42%
5.11%
4.31%
7.86%
7.77%
8.03%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
3.98%
3.89%
2.87%
0.03%
0.03%
0.02%
0.003%
0.003%
0.002%
Receptor 9
44.33%
1.61%
0.20%
0.002%
2.49%
10.10%
0.08%
1.82%
20.89%
2.31%
0.01%
4.76%
8.19%
0.01%
3.17%
0.03%
0.002%
Receptor 10
46.45%
1.64%
0.20%
0.002%
2.49%
10.04%
0.09%
1.89%
19.48%
2.28%
0.01%
4.45%
8.01%
0.01%
2.92%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 11
49.89%
1.63%
0.20%
0.002%
2.39%
9.30%
0.11%
1.96%
17.94%
2.36%
0.01%
4.09%
7.49%
0.01%
2.57%
0.02%
0.002%
Receptor 12
45.13%
1.26%
0.16%
0.002%
1.77%
6.78%
0.12%
1.75%
25.78%
2.92%
0.01%
5.13%
6.20%
0.01%
2.93%
0.04%
0.004%
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.30
TABLE A.12: PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTIONS
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Receptor 2
9.85%
2.02%
28.52%
2.75%
8.78%
10.34%
36.67%
1.07%
Receptor 3
10.35%
2.07%
23.52%
2.43%
7.07%
10.72%
42.46%
1.38%
Receptor 4
13.70%
2.15%
24.55%
2.45%
3.92%
8.63%
43.18%
1.42%
Receptor 5
12.05%
3.17%
18.16%
2.63%
4.18%
8.88%
49.46%
1.46%
Scenario 1 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
Receptor 9
10.34%
10.64%
11.85%
11.60%
2.64%
2.77%
3.43%
3.47%
15.11%
14.93%
16.72%
14.83%
2.23%
2.28%
2.63%
2.51%
6.86%
6.54%
5.55%
5.96%
11.99%
11.55%
8.87%
9.74%
49.14%
49.64%
49.61%
50.48%
1.68%
1.66%
1.34%
1.41%
Receptor 10
11.78%
3.41%
16.50%
2.61%
5.80%
9.08%
49.48%
1.34%
Receptor 11
11.77%
3.15%
19.94%
2.76%
5.97%
8.51%
46.65%
1.24%
Receptor 12
9.82%
2.40%
23.91%
2.66%
11.39%
10.54%
38.17%
1.12%
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Receptor 2
9.85%
2.02%
28.52%
2.75%
8.78%
10.34%
36.67%
1.07%
Receptor 3
10.35%
2.07%
23.52%
2.43%
7.07%
10.72%
42.46%
1.38%
Receptor 4
13.70%
2.15%
24.55%
2.45%
3.92%
8.63%
43.18%
1.42%
Receptor 5
12.05%
3.17%
18.16%
2.63%
4.18%
8.88%
49.46%
1.46%
Scenario 1A - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
Receptor 9
10.34%
10.64%
11.85%
11.60%
2.64%
2.77%
3.43%
3.47%
15.11%
14.93%
16.72%
14.83%
2.23%
2.28%
2.63%
2.51%
6.86%
6.54%
5.55%
5.96%
11.99%
11.55%
8.87%
9.74%
49.14%
49.64%
49.61%
50.48%
1.68%
1.66%
1.34%
1.41%
Receptor 10
11.78%
3.41%
16.50%
2.61%
5.80%
9.08%
49.48%
1.34%
Receptor 11
11.77%
3.15%
19.94%
2.76%
5.97%
8.51%
46.65%
1.24%
Receptor 12
9.82%
2.40%
23.91%
2.66%
11.39%
10.54%
38.17%
1.12%
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Receptor 2
9.89%
2.07%
26.62%
2.65%
10.23%
9.86%
36.55%
2.13%
Receptor 3
10.29%
2.09%
21.71%
2.32%
9.89%
10.04%
40.88%
2.78%
Receptor 4
13.74%
2.15%
23.36%
2.37%
7.25%
7.84%
40.49%
2.80%
Receptor 5
12.34%
3.25%
16.80%
2.58%
6.33%
7.73%
48.39%
2.58%
Receptor 10
12.10%
3.58%
15.23%
2.61%
6.83%
8.15%
49.38%
2.11%
Receptor 11
12.17%
3.34%
18.53%
2.77%
6.78%
7.70%
46.80%
1.92%
Receptor 12
10.00%
2.52%
22.04%
2.60%
12.09%
9.90%
38.78%
2.07%
Scenario 2- Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
10.06%
10.38%
12.18%
2.60%
2.74%
3.60%
13.32%
13.17%
15.42%
2.09%
2.15%
2.63%
10.51%
9.98%
6.59%
10.50%
10.10%
7.94%
47.24%
47.93%
49.52%
3.68%
3.56%
2.11%
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
Receptor 9
11.81%
3.61%
13.58%
2.50%
7.31%
8.69%
50.17%
2.35%
ENVIRON
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
11 December 2014
Appendix A
Page A.31
TABLE A.12: PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTIONS
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
No
5
8
9
10
13
15
16
18
CAS # / ID
7440-38-2
7440-43-9
18540-29-9
7440-02-0
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
75-07-0
50-00-0
71-43-2
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Receptor 2
9.54%
2.06%
26.32%
2.64%
10.58%
10.38%
36.14%
2.35%
Receptor 3
10.53%
2.13%
21.74%
2.34%
9.56%
10.06%
40.98%
2.66%
Receptor 4
12.42%
2.50%
19.71%
2.35%
7.32%
8.53%
44.36%
2.81%
Receptor 5
13.06%
3.67%
16.05%
2.75%
5.55%
7.62%
49.04%
2.25%
Scenario 3 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
Receptor 9
10.85%
11.15%
12.79%
12.37%
2.88%
3.01%
3.84%
3.81%
13.84%
13.63%
15.61%
13.90%
2.26%
2.31%
2.75%
2.61%
9.48%
9.08%
6.58%
7.31%
10.37%
9.99%
8.18%
8.99%
47.28%
47.79%
48.06%
48.61%
3.05%
3.04%
2.18%
2.39%
Receptor 10
12.66%
3.80%
15.44%
2.72%
6.89%
8.44%
47.84%
2.21%
Receptor 11
12.79%
3.59%
18.51%
2.88%
6.71%
7.89%
45.64%
1.99%
Receptor 12
10.32%
2.68%
21.18%
2.63%
12.04%
10.16%
38.66%
2.32%
Compound Name
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (vi)
Nickel
BaP Equivalents
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Receptor 2
9.57%
2.07%
26.40%
2.65%
10.74%
10.40%
35.82%
2.35%
Receptor 3
10.56%
2.14%
21.80%
2.35%
9.73%
10.09%
40.67%
2.67%
Receptor 4
12.47%
2.51%
19.79%
2.36%
7.52%
8.56%
43.96%
2.82%
Receptor 5
13.15%
3.69%
16.15%
2.77%
5.84%
7.67%
48.48%
2.26%
Scenario 4 - Incremental Carcinogenic Risk
Receptor 6
Receptor 7
Receptor 8
Receptor 9
10.90%
11.20%
12.87%
12.44%
2.90%
3.03%
3.86%
3.83%
13.90%
13.70%
15.70%
13.97%
2.27%
2.33%
2.76%
2.63%
9.73%
9.34%
6.88%
7.61%
10.41%
10.04%
8.23%
9.03%
46.82%
47.31%
47.50%
48.09%
3.06%
3.06%
2.19%
2.40%
Receptor 10
12.73%
3.82%
15.53%
2.74%
7.18%
8.48%
47.29%
2.23%
Receptor 11
12.87%
3.61%
18.62%
2.90%
7.00%
7.94%
45.06%
2.00%
Receptor 12
10.36%
2.70%
21.28%
2.65%
12.27%
10.20%
38.21%
2.33%
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra Refinery\Report\Final Report\Appendix Tables_Final.xls
ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Appendix B
Post Processing of Modelling Files
AS110754
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra
Refinery\Report\Final Report\AS110754 - Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment_141211_Final.docx
ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page B.1
APPENDIX B: POST PROCESSING OF MODELLING FILES
The air dispersion modelling for this health risk screening assessment was conducted by Air
Assessments (2014) using the CALPUFF model. The results of the air dispersion modelling
were provided to ENVIRON as a number of CALPUFF output files for five scenarios as
defined by Alcoa for the Pinjarra Refinery. The five scenarios are summarised in Table B1.
Table B1: Scenarios
Cogeneration Plant Health Protective
Operation
Guidelines
Scenario
Alumina
Production Rate
Emissions
1
4.2 Mtpa
forecast
full load
previous
1A
4.2 Mtpa
forecast
full load
current
2
4.2 Mtpa
nominal (20082013 Average)
full load
current
3
5.0 Mtpa
predicted
full load
current
4
5.0 Mtpa
predicted
part load
current
It should be noted that Scenarios 1 and 1A are based on the same set of emission
estimates, but using the health protective guidelines applied for the previous screening
assessment (ENVIRON, 2008) and the most current health protective guidelines
respectively.
ENVIRON read the CALPUFF files provided by Air Assessments and produced individual
files that contained the predicted GLCs for each hour of the year for each model grid point
for each source. The CALPUFF files were derived using a unit emission rate of 1.0 g/s for
each individual source, except in the case of the RSA and the bauxite stockpile which were
derived using actual PM10 emission rate estimates.
The predicted GLCs for each compound were then calculated by:

Scaling the predicted GLCs derived using a unit emission rate by the actual emission
rate for each individual source and compound (refer to Tables A.1 – A.9 in
Appendix A);

Summing the scaled concentrations from each source for each hour and grid point;
and

Writing the sum of the predicted GLCs for each compound for each hour and for each
grid point throughout the modelled year to a separate file for further analysis.
Variations to the above approach were required for determining the predicted GLCs of NO2,
to account for the oxidation of NO present in NOx emissions, and also for determining the
predicted GLCs of selected metals present in fugitive PM10 emissions from the RSA and
bauxite stockpile.
AS110754
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra
Refinery\Report\Final Report\AS110754 - Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment_141211_Final.docx
ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page B.2
To derive the NO2 GLCs, the initial NO2/NOX ratio was set for each refinery source based on
information provided by Alcoa, presented in Table B2.
Table B2: Initial NO2/NOx Ratio
Calciner
Boiler
RTO
Cogeneration Plant
0.12
0.025
0.025
0.13
For each hour, the predicted GLCs of NO and NO2 were calculated separately based on the
contribution from each source and the initial NO2/NOX ratio. When all emission sources for
the hour had been process, the predicted NO concentration at each grid point was used in
conjunction with the ozone limiting method (OLM) to calculate the amount of NO2 that would
be formed from the NO in the presence of ozone (O3) as follows:
NO2photo = minimum (NO, O3)
NO2photo
O3
= NO2 concentration (ppb) formed by the oxidation of NO by ozone
= ambient ozone concentration for that hour (ppb).
The ambient ozone concentrations were varied for each hour of the day and based on
ambient monitoring data collected at Wagerup as presented in CSIRO (2005) and presented
in Table B3.
Table B3: Ozone Concentration (ppb) for Each Hour of the Day
Hour
Ozone
Hour
Ozone
Hour
Ozone
Hour
Ozone
1
19.7
7
19.0
13
28.1
19
22.0
2
19.5
8
20.8
14
28.0
20
21.0
3
19.0
9
22.5
15
27.8
21
19.8
4
18.5
10
24.5
16
27.0
22
20.0
5
18.2
11
26.0
17
25.0
23
20.0
6
18.1
12
27.0
18
23.2
24
19.9
The total NO2 concentration was then calculated as the sum of the primary NO2
concentration (i.e. the GLC associated with the percentage of NOx emitted as NO2) and the
secondary NO2 (i.e. NO2photo) for each hour and each grid point and written to the output file.
To derive the GLC for selected metals present in fugitive PM10 emissions from the RSA and
bauxite stockpile the PM10 concentrations for each hour and grid point were modelled
separately for the RDA and bauxite stockpiles. The concentrations of metals in the PM10
was then calculated based on the metal concentrations derived during the Pinjarra RSA
particulate study (Ecowise, 2007). The multiplication factors determined in that study are
presented in Table B4.
AS110754
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra
Refinery\Report\Final Report\AS110754 - Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment_141211_Final.docx
ENVIRON
Alcoa of Australia Ltd
December 2014
Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment
Page B.3
Table B4: Metal Multiplying Factor
Source
Arsenic
Selenium Manganese Cadmium Chromium VI
RSA
1.29E‐05
5.80E‐06
1.70E‐05
2.10E‐07
Bauxite
1.00E‐06
5.00E‐07
6.01E‐06
8.00E‐08
Nickel
Mercury
9.00E‐07
5.60E‐06
7.00E‐08
‐1
2.41E‐06
8.99E‐08
Notes:
1
The factor for chromium VI bauxite content is equal to zero, based on testing completed since the Ecowise
(2007) study (Pers comm., Patrick Coffey, 7 May 2008).
The predicted metals GLCs from the fugitive sources were added to the predicted metal
GLCs from the Refinery point sources and written to the output file for each hour and each
grid point.
The files that contained the predicted concentrations for each individual compound for each
hour of the year and for each grid point were then analysed to produce the following
statistics for each grid point:
 Maximum 1-hour average GLC;
 9th highest 1-hour average GLC; and
 Annual average GLC.
For pollutants with an acute health protective guideline that does not refer to a 1-hour
averaging period, but rather a 6-hour, 8-hour or 24 hour averaging period, the hour-by-hour
GLC file for the pollutant was post processed to provide a rolling 6-hour, 8-hour, or 24-hour
average concentration for each hour at each receptor location.
The health risk screening assessment used the predicted GLC statistics to calculate the
individual hazard quotients and the total hazard index for the acute non-carcinogenic
exposures based on the peak emission rate estimates. The predicted annual average GLCs
were used to calculate the chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic exposures based on
the average emission rate estimates.
AS110754
X:\Projects_and_Clients\Alcoa of Australia\AS110754 - Alcoa Revision of Health Risk Screening Assessment - Pinjarra
Refinery\Report\Final Report\AS110754 - Revision of Pinjarra Refinery Health Risk Screening Assessment_141211_Final.docx
ENVIRON