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The following document contains information on Cypress products.
FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS
CONTROLLER MANUAL
CM44-10138-3E
F2MC-16LX
16-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
MB90980 Series
HARDWARE MANUAL
F2MC-16LX
16-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
MB90980 Series
HARDWARE MANUAL
The information for microcontroller supports is shown in the following homepage.
Be sure to refer to the "Check Sheet" for the latest cautions on development.
"Check Sheet" is seen at the following support page
"Check Sheet" lists the minimal requirement items to be checked to prevent problems beforehand in system development.
http://edevice.fujitsu.com/micom/en-support/
FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS LIMITED
PREFACE
■ Purpose of This Manual and Intenders
Thank you very much for purchasing FUJITSU products.
MB90980 series is a 16-bit microcontroller designed for applications such as consumer devices requiring
high-speed real-time processing. MB90980 series functions are suitable for controlling PHS, cellular
phones, CD-ROMs, and VTRs.
This manual, intended for engineers developing products using the MB90980 series, explains the MB90980
series functions and operations. Read this manual first, before using the product.
For details on the instructions, refer to the "Instruction Manual".
Note: F2MC is the abbreviation of FUJITSU Flexible MIcrocontroller.
■ Trademarks
The company names and brand names herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
owners.
■ License
Purchase of Fujitsu I2C components conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use, these
components in an I2C system provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as
defined by Philips.
■ Composition of This Manual
This manual consists of the following 26 chapters and an appendix.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
This chapter gives an overview of MB90980 series, including its basic characteristics, block diagram,
and its functions.
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING THE DEVICE
This chapter provides precautions on handling the device.
CHAPTER 3 CPU
This chapter explains CPU specifications, memory, and the functions of registers to provide readers
with a better understanding of the MB90980 functions.
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
This chapter explains interrupts and direct memory access (DMA).
CHAPTER 5 RESET
This chapter explains reset for the MB90980 series.
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
This chapter describes the clocks of the MB90980 series.
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
This chapter explains the low-power consumption mode of the MB90980 series.
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY ACCESS MODE
This chapter explains memory access mode and its operation.
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CHAPTER 9 I/O PORT
This chapter shows the configuration and explains the functions of the registers used for the I/O port.
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
This chapter explains the function and operation of the time-base timer.
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
This chapter describes the operation and function of the watchdog timer.
CHAPTER 12 WATCH TIMER
This chapter has an overview of the watch timer, describes the configuration and functions of the
register, and explains the operation of the watch timer.
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
This chapter has an overview of the 16-bit input/output timer, describes the configuration and function
of its register, and explains its operation.
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
This chapter has an overview of the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer, describes the configuration and
functions of its registers, and explains its operation.
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
This chapter provides an overview of the 16-bit reload timer and its operation and explains the
configuration and functions of its registers.
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
This chapter provides an overview and interrupt of the 8/16-bit PPG timer and its operation and
explains the configuration and functions of its registers.
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
This chapter provides an overview of the DTP/external interrupt, its operation, and notes on usage and
explains the configuration and functions of its registers.
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
This chapter provides an overview of the 8/10-bit A/D converter, configuration and function of its
registers, operation, conversion data protection function, and precautions on use.
CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
This chapter provides an overview, configuration, interrupt, and operation of the expanded I/O serial
interface and explains the configuration and functions of its registers.
CHAPTER 20 UART
This chapter provides an overview, configuration, interrupt, operation, precautions on use, and program
example of the UART and explains the configuration and functions of its registers.
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
This chapter explains the overview of the address match detection function, its block diagram,
configuration of its register, its operation, and its sample program.
CHAPTER 22 ROM MIRROR FUNCTION SELECTION MODULE
This chapter describes the overview of the ROM mirror function selection module and its register.
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
This chapter describes the functions and operations of the 1.5M bit flash memory.
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CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
This chapter shows an example of a serial programming connection using the AF220/AF210/AF120/
AF110 flash microcontroller programmer by Yokogawa Digital Computer Corporation.
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
This chapter provides an overview of the PWC timer, provides notes on its use, explains its
configuration, explains the configuration and functions of its registers, and explains its interrupt and
operation.
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
This chapter provides an overview, configuration, interrupt, and operation of the I2C interface and
explains the configuration and functions of its registers.
APPENDIX
The appendix provides the memory map and lists the instructions used in the F2MC-16LX.
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The contents of this document are subject to change without notice.
Customers are advised to consult with sales representatives before ordering.
The information, such as descriptions of function and application circuit examples, in this document are presented solely for the
purpose of reference to show examples of operations and uses of FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS device; FUJITSU
MICROELECTRONICS does not warrant proper operation of the device with respect to use based on such information. When
you develop equipment incorporating the device based on such information, you must assume any responsibility arising out of
such use of the information. FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS assumes no liability for any damages whatsoever arising out of
the use of the information.
Any information in this document, including descriptions of function and schematic diagrams, shall not be construed as license
of the use or exercise of any intellectual property right, such as patent right or copyright, or any other right of FUJITSU
MICROELECTRONICS or any third party or does FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS warrant non-infringement of any thirdparty's intellectual property right or other right by using such information. FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS assumes no
liability for any infringement of the intellectual property rights or other rights of third parties which would result from the use of
information contained herein.
The products described in this document are designed, developed and manufactured as contemplated for general use, including
without limitation, ordinary industrial use, general office use, personal use, and household use, but are not designed, developed
and manufactured as contemplated (1) for use accompanying fatal risks or dangers that, unless extremely high safety is secured,
could have a serious effect to the public, and could lead directly to death, personal injury, severe physical damage or other loss
(i.e., nuclear reaction control in nuclear facility, aircraft flight control, air traffic control, mass transport control, medical life
support system, missile launch control in weapon system), or (2) for use requiring extremely high reliability (i.e., submersible
repeater and artificial satellite).
Please note that FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS will not be liable against you and/or any third party for any claims or
damages arising in connection with above-mentioned uses of the products.
Any semiconductor devices have an inherent chance of failure. You must protect against injury, damage or loss from such
failures by incorporating safety design measures into your facility and equipment such as redundancy, fire protection, and
prevention of over-current levels and other abnormal operating conditions.
Exportation/release of any products described in this document may require necessary procedures in accordance with the
regulations of the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law of Japan and/or US export control laws.
The company names and brand names herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2007-2008 FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS LIMITED All rights reserved.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
CHAPTER 2
2.1
CPU ............................................................................................................ 19
Overview of CPU Specifications .......................................................................................................
Memory Space ..................................................................................................................................
CPU Registers ..................................................................................................................................
Accumulator (A) ...........................................................................................................................
User Stack Pointer (USP) and System Stack Pointer (SSP) .......................................................
Processor Status (PS) .................................................................................................................
Program Counter (PC) .................................................................................................................
Program Count Bank Register (PCB) ..........................................................................................
Direct Page Register (DPR) ........................................................................................................
General-Purpose Register (Register Bank) .................................................................................
Prefix Codes .....................................................................................................................................
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
4.7
HANDLING THE DEVICE .......................................................................... 15
Precautions on Handling the Device ................................................................................................. 16
CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.4
OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES .............................................................. 1
Overview of MB90980 Series ............................................................................................................. 2
Block Diagram of MB90980 Series ..................................................................................................... 5
Package Dimensions .......................................................................................................................... 6
Pin Assignment ................................................................................................................................... 7
Pin Functions ...................................................................................................................................... 8
I/O Circuit Type ................................................................................................................................. 11
20
21
25
27
28
29
32
33
34
35
36
INTERRUPT ............................................................................................... 39
Overview of Interrupt ........................................................................................................................
Interrupt Factor and Interrupt Vector ................................................................................................
Interrupt Control Register and Peripheral Function ..........................................................................
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15) ...............................................................................
Hardware Interrupt ............................................................................................................................
Hardware Interrupt Operation ......................................................................................................
Flow of Hardware Interrupt Operation .........................................................................................
Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt ......................................................................................
Multiple Interrupts ........................................................................................................................
Hardware Interrupt Processing Time ...........................................................................................
Software Interrupt .............................................................................................................................
Interrupt by μDMAC ..........................................................................................................................
DMA Descriptor ...........................................................................................................................
Individual Registers of DMA Descriptor .......................................................................................
μDMAC Processing Procedure ....................................................................................................
μDMAC Processing Time ............................................................................................................
Interrupt by Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) .......................................................................
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40
42
45
46
49
52
54
55
57
59
61
63
66
68
71
72
74
4.7.1
EI2OS descriptor (ISD) ................................................................................................................
4.7.2
Each Register of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD) ....................................................................................
4.7.3
Operation of EI2OS ......................................................................................................................
4.7.4
Procedure for Use of EI2OS ........................................................................................................
4.7.5
Processing Time of the Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) ...............................................
4.8
Exception Processing Interrupt .........................................................................................................
4.9
Stack Operation of Interrupt Processing ...........................................................................................
4.10 Sample Program of Interrupt Processing ..........................................................................................
4.11 Delay Interrupt Generation Module ...................................................................................................
4.11.1 Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation Module .........................................................................
CHAPTER 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
104
106
108
113
117
118
LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE ................................................... 119
Overview of Low-Power Consumption Mode ..................................................................................
Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control Circuit ...........................................................
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR) ...........................................................
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode ..................................................................................................
Standby Mode .................................................................................................................................
Sleep Mode ...............................................................................................................................
Time-base Timer Mode .............................................................................................................
Watch Mode ..............................................................................................................................
Stop Mode .................................................................................................................................
State Transition Diagram ................................................................................................................
Pin State in Standby Mode, Hold, and Reset .................................................................................
Caution on Using Low-Power Consumption Mode .........................................................................
CHAPTER 8
8.1
8.2
8.3
CLOCKS ................................................................................................... 103
Overview of Clocks .........................................................................................................................
Block Diagram of Clock Generator .................................................................................................
Clock Selection Register (CKSCR) and PLL Output Selection Register (PLLOS) .........................
Clock Modes ...................................................................................................................................
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time ..................................................................................................
Connecting Oscillator to External Clock .........................................................................................
CHAPTER 7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.6
7.7
7.8
RESET ........................................................................................................ 91
Overview of Reset ............................................................................................................................ 92
Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time ..................................................................... 94
External-Reset Pin ............................................................................................................................ 96
Resetting ........................................................................................................................................... 97
Reset-Factor Bits .............................................................................................................................. 99
Condition of Pins as Result of Reset .............................................................................................. 101
CHAPTER 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
76
78
81
82
83
85
86
88
89
90
120
123
125
128
129
130
132
134
136
138
140
141
MEMORY ACCESS MODE ...................................................................... 145
Overview of Memory Access Mode ................................................................................................ 146
Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0) ............................................................................................................... 147
Mode Data ...................................................................................................................................... 148
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CHAPTER 9
I/O PORT .................................................................................................. 151
9.1
Functions of I/O Port .......................................................................................................................
9.2
Registers for I/O Port ......................................................................................................................
9.2.1
Port registers (PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA) .......................................................................
9.2.2
Port direction registers (DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA) ........................................................
9.2.3
Other registers ...........................................................................................................................
152
153
154
155
156
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER .................................................................................. 159
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
Overview of Time-base Timer .........................................................................................................
Time-base Timer Configuration ......................................................................................................
Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC) .....................................................................................
Time-base Timer Interrupt ..............................................................................................................
Time-base Timer Operation ............................................................................................................
Notes on Using Time-base Timer ...................................................................................................
Sample Programs of Time-base timer ............................................................................................
160
162
164
166
167
170
171
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER ................................................................................ 173
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Overview of Watchdog Timer .........................................................................................................
Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC) ....................................................................................
Watchdog Timer Configuration .......................................................................................................
Watchdog Timer Operation .............................................................................................................
Notes on Using Watchdog Timer ....................................................................................................
Sample Programs of Watchdog Timer ............................................................................................
174
176
178
180
182
183
CHAPTER 12 WATCH TIMER ........................................................................................ 185
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
Overview of Watch Timer ...............................................................................................................
Watch Timer Configuration .............................................................................................................
Watch Timer Control Register (WTC) .............................................................................................
Watch Timer Operation ...................................................................................................................
186
187
188
190
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER ............................................................... 193
13.1 Overview of 16-bit Input/Output Timer ............................................................................................
13.2 Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer .....................................................................................
13.3 Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output Timer Register .................................................
13.3.1 Free-run timer ............................................................................................................................
13.3.2 Output compare .........................................................................................................................
13.3.3 Input capture ..............................................................................................................................
13.4 Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer .............................................................................................
13.5 16-bit Input/Output Timer Operation ...............................................................................................
13.5.1 Operation of free-run timer ........................................................................................................
13.5.2 Operation of output compare .....................................................................................................
13.5.3 Operation of input capture .........................................................................................................
13.5.4 Free-run timer timing .................................................................................................................
13.5.5 Output compare timing ..............................................................................................................
13.5.6 Timing of input capture ..............................................................................................................
13.6 Program Example of 16-bit Input/Output Timer ..............................................................................
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195
199
200
205
209
211
213
214
216
218
219
220
221
222
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER ................................................... 235
14.1 Overview of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter Timer ................................................................................
14.2 Configuration of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer ..........................................................................
14.3 Configuration and Functions of Registers for 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer .............................
14.3.1 Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper (CCRH0) ......................................................................
14.3.2 Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper (CCRH1) ......................................................................
14.3.3 Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower (CCRL0/CCRL1) ..................................................
14.3.4 Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) ...............................................................................
14.3.5 Up/Down Count Register (ch.0/ch.1) (UDCR0/UDCR1) ............................................................
14.3.6 Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1) ...............................................................
14.4 Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer ..................................................................................
14.5 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer Operation ...................................................................................
14.5.1 Reload/Compare Function .........................................................................................................
14.5.2 Writing Data to Up/Down Count Register (UDCR) ....................................................................
14.6 Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer ..................................................................
236
237
240
241
243
245
247
249
250
251
253
256
259
261
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER ........................................................................... 269
15.1 Overview of 16-Bit Reload Timer ....................................................................................................
15.2 Configuration and Functions of 16-Bit Reload Timer Registers ......................................................
15.2.1 Timer Control Status Register (TMCSR) ...................................................................................
15.2.2 16-Bit Timer Register (TMR)/16-Bit Reload Register (TMRLR) .................................................
15.3 Interrupt of 16-Bit Reload Timer .....................................................................................................
15.4 Operations of the 16-Bit Reload Timer ...........................................................................................
15.4.1 State Transitions During Count Operation .................................................................................
15.4.2 Operations of Internal Clock Mode (Reload Mode) ...................................................................
15.4.3 Internal Clock Mode (One-Shot Mode) ......................................................................................
15.4.4 Event Count Mode .....................................................................................................................
15.5 Program Example of 16-Bit Reload Timer ......................................................................................
270
274
275
279
281
282
283
284
287
290
292
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER ............................................................................... 299
16.1 Overview of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer .....................................................................................................
16.2 Configuration of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer ..............................................................................................
16.3 Configuration and Functions of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer Registers ......................................................
16.3.1 PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC0/PPGC2) ............................................
16.3.2 PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC1/PPGC3) ............................................
16.3.3 PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers (PPG01, PPG23) .....................................................
16.3.4 Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3) ..........................................................
16.4 Interrupt of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer ......................................................................................................
16.5 Operations of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer ..................................................................................................
16.6 Program Example of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer .......................................................................................
300
301
304
305
307
310
312
313
315
321
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS .............................................................. 325
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
Overview of DTP/External Interrupt ................................................................................................
Configuration and Functions of DTP/external Interrupt Registers ..................................................
DTP/External Interrupt ....................................................................................................................
Operations of DTP/external Interrupt ..............................................................................................
Notes on DTP/external Interrupt Usage ..........................................................................................
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326
328
331
333
335
17.6
Program Example of DTP/External Interrupt .................................................................................. 337
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER ..................................................................... 341
18.1 Overview of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter ................................................................................................
18.2 Configuration of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter .........................................................................................
18.3 Configuration of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter Registers .........................................................................
18.3.1 Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1) ...........................................................................................
18.3.2 Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2) ...........................................................................................
18.3.3 Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1) .......................................................................................
18.4 Interrupt of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter .................................................................................................
18.5 Operations of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter .............................................................................................
18.5.1 Example of μDMAC Start in Single Mode ..................................................................................
18.5.2 Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous Mode .........................................................................
18.5.3 Example of μDMAC Start in Stop Mode ....................................................................................
18.6 Conversion Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter ....................................................
18.7 Precautions When Using the 8/10-Bit A/D Converter .....................................................................
18.8 Program Example of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter ..................................................................................
342
343
345
346
349
352
353
355
358
360
362
364
366
367
CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE .................................................... 373
19.1 Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface .....................................................................................
19.2 Configuration of Expanded I/O Serial Interface ..............................................................................
19.3 Configuration and Functions of Expanded I/O Serial Interface Registers ......................................
19.3.1 Serial Mode Control Status Register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1) ......................................................
19.3.2 Serial Data Register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1) .....................................................................................
19.3.3 Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1) ............................................
19.4 Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface ......................................................................................
19.5 Operation of Expanded I/O Serial Interface ....................................................................................
19.5.1 Shift Clock Modes ......................................................................................................................
19.5.2 Operational States of Serial I/O Units ........................................................................................
19.5.3 Start/Stop Timing and Input/Output Timing of Shift Operation ..................................................
19.5.4 Interrupt Function ......................................................................................................................
19.6 Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial Interface .......................................................................
374
375
377
378
382
383
385
387
388
389
391
393
394
CHAPTER 20 UART ........................................................................................................ 397
20.1 Overview of the UART ....................................................................................................................
20.2 Configuration of UART ....................................................................................................................
20.3 Configuration and Functions of UART Registers ............................................................................
20.3.1 Serial Mode Register (SMR) ......................................................................................................
20.3.2 Serial Control Register (SCR) ...................................................................................................
20.3.3 Serial Input/Output Register (SIDR/SODR) ...............................................................................
20.3.4 Serial Status Register (SSR) .....................................................................................................
20.3.5 Communication Prescaler Control Register (CDCR) .................................................................
20.4 Interrupt of UART ............................................................................................................................
20.5 UART Operations ...........................................................................................................................
20.5.1 Operation in Asynchronous Mode (Operation Modes 0 and 1) .................................................
20.5.2 Operation in Synchronous Mode (Operation Mode 2) ...............................................................
20.5.3 Two-Way Communication Function (Normal Mode) ..................................................................
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398
399
401
402
404
407
408
411
413
415
420
423
425
20.5.4 Master/Slave Communication Function (Multiprocessor Mode) ................................................ 427
20.6 Precautions on Using the UART ..................................................................................................... 431
20.7 Program Example of UART ............................................................................................................ 432
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION ......................................... 441
21.1 Overview of Address Match Detection Function .............................................................................
21.2 Block Diagram of Address Match Detection Function ....................................................................
21.3 Configuration of Registers for Address Match Detection Function .................................................
21.3.1 Program Address Detection Control Status Register (PACSR) ................................................
21.3.2 Program Address Detection Registers (PADR0, PADR1) .........................................................
21.4 Explanation of Operation of Address Match Detection Function ....................................................
21.4.1 Example of using Address Match Detection Function ...............................................................
21.5 Program Example of Address Match Detection Function ...............................................................
442
443
444
445
447
449
450
455
CHAPTER 22 ROM MIRROR FUNCTION SELECTION MODULE ................................ 457
22.1
22.2
Overview of ROM Mirror Function Selection Module ...................................................................... 458
ROM Mirror Function Selection Register (ROMM) ......................................................................... 459
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY ..................................................................... 461
23.1 Overview of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory ...............................................................................................
23.2 Sector Configuration of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory .............................................................................
23.3 Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS) .............................................................................
23.4 Method for Starting the Flash Memory's Automatic Algorithm ........................................................
23.5 Verifying the Execution State of the Automatic Algorithm ..............................................................
23.5.1 Data Polling Flag (DQ7) ............................................................................................................
23.5.2 Toggle Bit Flag (DQ6) ................................................................................................................
23.5.3 Timing Limit Excess Flag (DQ5) ................................................................................................
23.5.4 Sector Erase Timer Flag (DQ3) .................................................................................................
23.6 Flash Memory Write/Erase Operations ...........................................................................................
23.6.1 Setting the Flash Memory to Read/Reset State ........................................................................
23.6.2 Writing Data to Flash Memory ...................................................................................................
23.6.3 Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory (Chip Erase) ..................................................................
23.6.4 Erasing Arbitrary Data in Flash Memory (Sector Erase) ...........................................................
23.6.5 Suspending Sector Erasure for the Flash Memory ....................................................................
23.6.6 Resuming the Sector Erasure of Flash Memory ........................................................................
462
464
465
472
473
474
476
477
478
479
480
481
483
484
486
487
CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL PROGRAMMING
CONNECTION .......................................................................................... 489
24.1
24.2
24.3
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming Connection with MB90F983 ....................................... 490
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When Using the User Power Supply) .................... 493
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller Programmer
(When Using the User Power Supply) ............................................................................................ 495
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER ............................................................................................. 497
25.1
25.2
25.3
Overview of PWC Timer ................................................................................................................. 498
Configuration of PWC Timer ........................................................................................................... 499
Configuration and Functions of PWC Timer Registers ................................................................... 501
x
25.3.1 PWC Control/Status Register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1) ................................................................
25.3.2 PWC Data Buffer Register (PWCR0, PWCR1) .........................................................................
25.3.3 Divide Ratio Control Register (DIVR0, DIVR1) ..........................................................................
25.4 Interrupt of PWC Timer ...................................................................................................................
25.5 Operations of PWC Timer ...............................................................................................................
25.5.1 Operations of the Timer Function ..............................................................................................
25.5.2 Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement Function .............................................................
25.5.3 Selection of Count Clock and Operation Mode .........................................................................
25.5.4 Start and Stop of Timer/Pulse Width Measurement ..................................................................
25.5.5 Timer Mode Operation ...............................................................................................................
25.5.6 Operation in Pulse Width Measurement Mode ..........................................................................
25.6 Notes on PWC Timer Usage ..........................................................................................................
502
507
509
510
512
513
514
516
518
521
524
530
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE ....................................................................................... 533
26.1 Overview of I2C Interface ................................................................................................................
26.2 Configuration of I2C Interface .........................................................................................................
26.3 Configuration and Functions of I2C Interface Registers .................................................................
26.3.1 Bus Status Register (IBSR) .......................................................................................................
26.3.2 Bus Control Register (IBCR) .....................................................................................................
26.3.3 Clock Control Register (ICCR) ..................................................................................................
26.3.4 Address Register (IADR) ...........................................................................................................
26.3.5 Data Register (IDAR) .................................................................................................................
26.4 Interrupt of I2C Interface .................................................................................................................
26.5 I2C Interface Operation ...................................................................................................................
534
535
537
539
541
548
550
551
552
554
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................... 557
APPENDIX A Memory Map ........................................................................................................................
APPENDIX B I/O Map ................................................................................................................................
APPENDIX C Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register .......................................
APPENDIX D Instructions ...........................................................................................................................
D.1 Instruction Types ............................................................................................................................
D.2 Addressing .....................................................................................................................................
D.3 Direct Addressing ...........................................................................................................................
D.4 Indirect Addressing ........................................................................................................................
D.5 Execution Cycle Count ...................................................................................................................
D.6 Effective address field ....................................................................................................................
D.7 How to Read the Instruction List ....................................................................................................
D.8 F2MC-16LX Instruction List ............................................................................................................
D.9 Instruction Map ...............................................................................................................................
558
560
568
570
571
572
574
580
588
591
592
595
609
INDEX................................................................................................................................... 631
xi
xii
Main changes in this edition
Page
570 to 630
Changes (For details, refer to main body.)
Changed the entire part of "APPENDIX D Instructions"
The vertical lines marked in the left side of the page show the changes.
xiii
xiv
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF MB90980
SERIES
This chapter gives an overview of MB90980 series,
including its basic characteristics, block diagram, and
its functions.
1.1 Overview of MB90980 Series
1.2 Block Diagram of MB90980 Series
1.3 Package Dimensions
1.4 Pin Assignment
1.5 Pin Functions
1.6 I/O Circuit Type
1
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
1.1
Overview of MB90980 Series
MB90980 series is a 16-bit microcontroller designed for applications such as consumer
devices requiring high-speed real-time processing.
■ MB90980 Series Features
The MB90980 series has the following features:
•
Minimum instruction execution time
•
40.0 ns/6.25 MHz oscillation multiplied by 4 (25 MHz/3.3 V ± 0.3 V for internal operation)
•
62.5 ns/4 MHz oscillation multiplied by 4 (16 MHz/3.0 V ± 0.3 V for internal operation)
•
PLL clock multiply system
•
Maximum memory space: 16 Mbytes
•
Instruction system optimized for control applications
•
•
Available data types: bit, byte, word, long word
•
Standard addressing modes: 23 types
•
Improved high-precision operation using a 32-bit accumulator
•
Signed multiply and divide operations, extensive RETI instruction
Instruction system supporting multitasking in high-level languages (such as C)
•
Use of a system stack pointer
•
Symmetry of instruction sets and barrel shift instructions
•
Improved execution speed: 4-byte queue
•
Improved interrupt function (priority is a programmable setting of up to 8 levels): 8 external interrupts
•
Data transfer function (μDMAC): maximum of 16 channels
•
Built-in ROM: FLASH version: 192 K bytes, MASK version: 128 K bytes
•
Built-in RAM: FLASH version: 12 K bytes, MASK version: 10 K bytes
•
General-purpose ports: maximum of 48 ports
Output open-drain settings available: 10 ports
2
•
A/D converter (RC step-by-step compare type): 8 channels (resolution: 10 bits; conversion time: 3.68
μs (25 MHz operation))
•
UART: 1 channel
•
Extensive I/O serial interface (SIO): 2 channels
•
8/16-bit PPG: 2 channels (mode switching function of 8 bits x 4 channels and 16 bits x 2 channels)
•
8/16-bit up/down timer: 1 channel (8 bits x 2 channels or 16 bits x 1 channel with mode switching
function)
•
16-bit reload timer: 1 channel
•
16-bit input/output timer (input capture x 2 channels; output compare x 4 channels; free-run timer x 1
channel)
•
Built-in dual-system clock generator
•
Power-saving mode (stop mode, sleep mode, CPU intermittent operation mode, watch mode/time-base
timer mode)
•
Package: LQFP64
•
CMOS technology
•
3V single power supply (some port can be operated on 5V power supply.)
•
I2C interface* 1 channel
P77 and P76 are N-ch open drain pins (without P-ch).
•
16bit PWC: 2 channels
2 channels have the function of input compare.
* : I2C license
Purchase of Fujitsu I2C components conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use, these
components in an I2C system provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as
defined by Philips.
■ Product Configuration
Table 1.1-1 is an outline of the MB90980 series product configuration.
Table 1.1-1 MB90980 Series Product Configuration
MB90V485B
MB90F983
MB90982
ROM capacity
-
FLASH 192K bytes
128K bytes
RAM capacity
16K bytes
12K bytes
10K bytes
EVA product
f=25MHz
3-V/5-V power supply*2
built-in PWC, I2C*4
FLASH product
f=25MHz
3-V/5-V power supply*3
built-in PWC, I2C*4
MASK product
f=25MHz
3-V/5-V power supply*3
built-in PWC, I2C*4
Yes
No
No
Description
Emulator dedicated
power supply*1
*1: The setting of the jumper switch (TOOL VCC) when using the emulator (MB2147-01).
For detailed information, refer to MB2147-01 or MB2147-20 Hardware Manual (switching of 3.3
emulator dedicated power supply).
*2: 3-V/5-V: I/F Pin : P20 to P27, P30 to P37, P40 to P47 and P70 to P77. The other pins are for 3-V
power supply.
*3: 3-V/5-V: I/F pins (P24 to P27, P30 to P37, P40 to P42, P70 to P74, and P76 to P77) The power supply
for the other pins is 3 V.
*4: If I2C is set, P76/P77 pins are N-ch open drain pin (without P-ch).
3
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
■ The Packages of the Corresponding Products
● Package
Table 1.1-2 shows the differences of the package.
Table 1.1-2 Product List of MB90980 Series
MB90V485B
MB90F983
MB90982
FPT-64P-M03
✕
❍
❍
PGA-299C
❍
✕
✕
❍: Usable
✕: Unusable
● Memory area
Refer to the memory map in appendix for the differences of memory area.
● Current dissipation
Refer to "Electrical Characteristics" in Data Sheet for the differences of the current dissipation.
4
1.2
Block Diagram of MB90980 Series
This section has a block diagram of the MB90980 series.
■ Block Diagram of MB90980 Series
Figure 1.2-1 is a block diagram of the MB90980 series.
Figure 1.2-1 Block Diagram of MB90980 Series
X0, X1, RST
X0A, X1A
MD2, MD1, MD0
8
CPU
F2MC16LX core
Clock control
Circuit
RAM
Interrupt controller
2
PPG0, PPG1
ROM
8/16-bit PPG
8/16-bit
up/down counter
Communication
prescaler
2
PPG2, PPG3
2
2
2
AIN0, AIN1
BIN0, BIN1
ZIN0, ZIN1
2
SIN1, SIN2
SOT1, SOT 2
SCK1, SCK2
AVCC
AVRH
AVSS
ADTG
AN0 to AN7
PWC0
PWC1
UART
2
2
2
8
Input/output timer
F2MC-16LX Bus
SIN0
SOT0
SCK0
I/O extended serial
interface × 2 channels
16-bit input capture ×
2
2 channels
16-bit output compare
× 4 channels
16-bit free-run timer
4
IN0, IN1
OUT0, OUT1,
OUT2, OUT3
16-bit reload timer
TIN0
TOT0
I2C interface
SCL
SDA
A/D converter
( 10 bits )
External interrupt
8
IRQ0 to IRQ7
PWC × 2 channels
I/O port
4
8
3
8
5
2
P24
P30
P40
P60
P70
to
to
to
to
to
P07
P37
P42
P67
P74
8
P76, P80
to
P77
P87
4
2
P90
to
P93
4
P96, PA0
to
P97
PA3
P40 to P42 (x3): With register for open drain settings
P76/P77 pins of I2C are N-ch open drain terminal (without P-ch)
Note:
In the Figure 1.2-1, the I/O port shares a pin with each built-in function block. The pin cannot be used
as an I/O port if it is used as built-in module pin.
5
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
1.3
Package Dimensions
MB90980 series has one type of package.
■ Package Dimensions (LQFP-64)
Figure 1.3-1 is a diagram for the package dimensions of the LQFP-64 type.
Figure 1.3-1 Package Dimensions of LQFP-64 Type
64-pin plastic LQFP
Lead pitch
0.50 mm
Package width ×
package length
10.0 × 10.0 mm
Lead shape
Gullwing
Sealing method
Plastic mold
Mounting height
1.70 mm MAX
Weight
0.32g
Code
(Reference)
P-LFQFP64-10×10-0.50
(FPT-64P-M03)
64-pin plastic LQFP
(FPT-64P-M03)
Note 1) * : These dimensions do not include resin protrusion.
Note 2) Pins width and pins thickness include plating thickness.
Note 3) Pins width do not include tie bar cutting remainder.
12.00±0.20(.472±.008)SQ
* 10.00±0.10(.394±.004)SQ
48
0.145±0.055
(.006±.002)
33
49
32
Details of "A" part
0.08(.003)
+0.20
1.50 –0.10
+.008
.059 –.004
INDEX
64
0˚~8˚
17
(Mounting height)
0.10±0.10
(.004±.004)
(Stand off)
"A"
LEAD No.
1
16
0.50(.020)
C
0.20±0.05
(.008±.002)
0.08(.003)
M
2003 FUJITSU LIMITED F64009S-c-5-8
0.50±0.20
(.020±.008)
0.60±0.15
(.024±.006)
Dimensions in mm (inches).
Note: The values in parentheses are reference values
Please confirm the latest Package dimension by following URL.
http://edevice.fujitsu.com/fj/DATASHEET/ef-ovpklv.html
6
0.25(.010)
1.4
Pin Assignment
This section shows the MB90980 series pin assignments.
■ Pin Assignment Diagram (LQFP-64)
Figure 1.4-1 is a pin assignment diagram for the LQFP-64 type.
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
AVss
P60/AN0
P61/AN1
P62/AN2
P63/AN3
P64/AN4
P65/AN5
P66/AN6
P67/AN7
P80/IRQ0
P81/IRQ1
P82/IRQ2
P83/IRQ3
RST
X0A
X1A
Figure 1.4-1 Pin Assignment Diagram of MB90980 Series (LQFP-64)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
LQFP-64P
(TOP VIEW)
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
Vss
X1
X0
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
P84/IRQ4
P85/IRQ5
P86/IRQ6
P87/IRQ7
P90/SIN1
P91/SOT1
P92/SCK1
P93/FRCK/ADTG
P96/IN0
Vss
Vss
P41/SOT2
P40/SIN2
P77/SDA
P76/SCL
P74/TOT0
P73/TIN0
P72/SCK0
P71/SOT0
P70/SIN0
PA3/OUT3
PA2/OUT2
PA1/OUT1
PA0/OUT0
P97/IN1
Vcc3
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
AVcc
AVR
P27/PPG3
P26/PPG2
P25/PPG1
P24/PPG0
P37/PWC1
P36/PWC0
P35/ZIN1
P34/BIN1
P33/AIN1
P32/ZIN0
P31/BIN0
P30/AIN0
P42/SCK2
Vcc5
- P77 and P76 are N-ch open drain pin (without P-ch).
- P24 to P27, P30 to P37, P40 to P42, P70 to P74 and P76, P77 are 3V/5V I/F pin.
7
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
1.5
Pin Functions
This section explains the MB90980 series pin functions.
■ Pin Functions
Table 1.5-1 explains MB90980 series pin function.
Table 1.5-1 Pin Functions (1 / 3)
Pin No.
Pin name
I/O Circuit
Type
46
X0
A
Oscillator pin
47
X1
A
Oscillator pin
50
X0A
A
32 kHz oscillator pin
49
X1A
A
32 kHz oscillator pin
51
RST
B
Reset input pin
P24 to P27
E
(CMOS/H)
FPT-64P-M03
3 to 6
PPG0 to PPG3
P30
14
AIN0
P31
13
BIN0
P32
12
ZIN0
P33
11
AIN1
P34
10
BIN1
P35
9
ZIN1
P36, P37
7, 8
PWC0, PWC1
P40
19
SIN2
P41
18
SOT2
8
E
(CMOS/H)
Function
These are general purpose I/O port.
PPG timer output pins.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
8/16-bit up/down counter input pin (channel 0).
E
(CMOS/H)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
E
(CMOS/H)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
E
(CMOS/H)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
8/16-bit up/down counter input pin (channel 0).
8/16-bit up/down counter input pin (channel 0).
8/16-bit up/down counter input pin (channel 1).
E
(CMOS/H)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
E
(CMOS/H)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
E
(CMOS/H)
These are general purpose I/O ports.
G
(CMOS/H)
F
(CMOS)
8/16-bit up/down counter input pin (channel 1).
8/16-bit up/down counter input pin (channel 1).
These are PWC input pins.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
Simple serial I/O 2 input pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
Simple serial I/O 2 output pin.
Table 1.5-1 Pin Functions (2 / 3)
Pin No.
Pin name
FPT-64P-M03
P42
15
SCK2
P60 to P63
60 to 63
AN0 to AN3
P64 to P67
56 to 59
AN4 to AN7
P70
26
SIN0
P71
25
SOT0
P72
24
SCK0
P73
23
TIN0
P74
22
TOT0
I/O Circuit
Type
G
(CMOS/H)
H
(CMOS)
H
(CMOS)
G
(CMOS/H)
F
(CMOS)
G
(CMOS/H)
SCL
SDA
P80 to P83
52 to 55
IRQ0 to IRQ3
P84 to P87
39 to 42
IRQ4 to IRQ7
P90
38
SIN1
P91
37
SOT1
Simple serial I/O 2 clock input/output pin.
These are general purpose I/O ports.
These are the analog input pins.
These are general purpose I/O ports.
These are the analog input pins.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
This is the UART data input pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
This is the UART data output pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
This is the UART clock I/O pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
F
(CMOS)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
This is the 16-bit reload timer event input pin.
This is the 16-bit reload timer output pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
I
(NMOS/H)
P77
20
This is a general purpose I/O port.
G
(CMOS/H)
P76
21
Function
Serves as the I2C interface clock I/O pin. During operation of the
I2C interface, leave the port output in a high impedance state.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
I
(NMOS/H)
E
(CMOS/H)
E
(CMOS/H)
E
(CMOS/H)
D
(CMOS)
Serves as the I2C interface data I/O pin. During operation of the
I2C interface, leave the port output in a high impedance state.
These are general purpose I/O ports.
External interrupt input pins.
These are general purpose I/O ports.
External interrupt input pins.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
Simple serial I/O 1 data input pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
Simple serial I/O 1 data output pin.
9
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
Table 1.5-1 Pin Functions (3 / 3)
Pin No.
Pin name
FPT-64P-M03
P92
36
SCK1
I/O Circuit
Type
E
(CMOS/H)
P93
35
FRCK
P96
IN0
P97
31
IN1
PA0 to PA3
Simple serial I/O 1 data input/output pin.
E
(CMOS/H)
When the free run timer is in use, this pin functions as the
external clock input pin.
When the A/D converter is in use, this pin functions as the
external trigger input pin.
E
(CMOS/H)
E
(CMOS/H)
This is a general purpose I/O port.
Input capture channel 0 trigger input pin.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
Input capture channel 1 trigger input pin.
These are general purpose I/O ports.
OUT0 to OUT3
D
(CMOS)
1
AVcc
___
A/D converter power supply pin.
2
AVRH
___
A/D converter external reference voltage supply pin.
64
AVss
___
A/D converter power supply pin.
43 to 45
MD0 to MD2
J
(CMOS/H)
32
VCC3
___
3.3 V ± 0.3 V power supply pins (VCC3).
27 to 30
10
This is a general purpose I/O port.
This is a general purpose I/O port.
ADTG
34
Function
Output compare event output pins.
Operating mode selection input pins.
16
VCC5
___
3 V/5 V power supply pin.
5 V power supply pin when P24 to P27, P30 to P37,
P40 to P42, P70 to P74, P76 to P77 are used as 5 V I/F pins.
Usually, use VCC = VCC3 = VCC5 as a 3 V power supply (when
the 3 V power supply is used alone).
17, 48
VSS
___
power supply input pin (GND).
1.6
I/O Circuit Type
This section explains the I/O circuit type of MB90980 series pins.
■ I/O Circuit Type
Table 1.6-1 summarizes the I/O circuit type of MB90980 series pins.
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Type (1 / 3)
Type
Circuit
X1,X1A
Remarks
clock input
•
•
Oscillation feedback resistor:
• X1, X0:
about 1 MΩ
• X1A, X0A: about 10 MΩ
Use of standby control
•
Hysteresis input with pull-up
•
•
Use of input pull-up resistor control
CMOS level input/output
X0,X0A
A
Standby control signal
B
Hysteresis input
Control
P-ch
P-ch
Digital output
N-ch
Digital output
C
CMOS input
11
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Type (2 / 3)
Type
Circuit
Remarks
CMOS level input/output
P-ch
Digital output
N-ch
Digital output
D
CMOS input
P-ch
Digital output
N-ch
Digital output
CMOS
Hysteresis input
•
•
Hysteresis input
CMOS level output
•
•
CMOS level input/output
Use of open-drain control
•
•
•
CMOS level output
Hysteresis input
Use of open-drain control
E
P-ch
Open-drain
control signal
N-ch
Digital output
F
CMOS input
P-ch
Open-drain
control signal
N-ch
Digital output
CMOS
Hysteresis input
G
12
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Type (3 / 3)
Type
Circuit
Remarks
•
•
CMOS level input/output
Analog input
•
•
Hysteresis input
N-ch open drain output
P-ch
N-ch
H
CMOS input
Analog input
N-ch
Digital output
I
Hysteresis input
(FLASH product)
• CMOS level input
• High-voltage control provided for
FLASH test
(FLASH product)
N-ch
N-ch
N-ch
N-ch
J
Control signal
N-ch
Mode input
Dispersion resistor
(Mask product)
CMOS
Hysteresis input
(Mask product)
• CMOS Hysteresis input
13
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MB90980 SERIES
14
CHAPTER 2
HANDLING THE DEVICE
This chapter provides precautions on handling the
device.
2.1 Precautions on Handling the Device
15
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING THE DEVICE
2.1
Precautions on Handling the Device
This section summarizes the precautions on the device’s power supply voltage and pin
treatment.
■ Device Handing Precautions
● Preventing Latch-up
Latch-up may occur if voltage higher than VCC or lower than VSS is applied to input and output pins other
or if the power supply for AVCC is applied before VCC or if higher than the maximum rating voltage is
applied between VCC pin and VSS pin.
When latch-up occurs, power supply current increases rapidly and might thermally damage elements.
Be sure to apply the voltage to analog system at the same time of VCC or after turning on the digital power
supply (If power is OFF, turn off the analog system power supply in advance or at the same time).
● Treatment of Unused Pin
Leaving unused input pins unconnected can cause abnormal operation or latch-up, leaving to permanent
damage.
Unused input pins should always be pulled up or down through resistance of at least 2KΩ.
Connect to be AVCC=AVRH=VCC, AVSS=VSS if the A/D converter is not in use.
● Power Supply Pins (VCC pin or VSS pins)
In products with multiple VCC or VSS pins, connect all power supply pins to external power supply and a
ground line to lower the electro-magnetic emission level, to prevent abnormal operation of strobe signals
caused by the rise in the ground level, and to conform to the total output current rating.
Moreover, connect the current supply source with the VCC and VSS pins of this device at the low
impedance.
It is also advisable to connect a capacitor of approximately 0.1μF between VCC and VSS pins near this
device.
● Crystal oscillation circuit
Noise near the X0, X1 pins and X0A, X1A pins may cause the device to malfunction. Design printed
circuit boards so that the crystal oscillator (or ceramic oscillator), and the bypass capacitor to ground are
located as close to these pins as possible. In addition, design the printed circuit boards so that the wiring of
them does not cross the other wirings as much as possible.
It is also strongly recommended that the printed circuit board artwork surrounds these pins with ground to
promote stable operation.
Please ask the crystal maker to evaluate the oscillation characteristics of the crystal and this device.
16
● Precautions for Use of External Clock
If using an external clock, drive only X0 pin and open X1 pin.
Figure 2.1-1 shows how to use the external clock.
Figure 2.1-1 Example of Using External Clock
X0
Open
X1
● Precautions in PLL clock mode
On this microcontroller, if in case the crystal oscillator breaks off or an external reference clock input stops
while the PLL clock mode is selected, a self-oscillator circuit contained in the PLL may continue its
operation at its self-running frequency. However, Fujitsu will not guarantee results of operations if such
failure occurs.
■ Power Supply Handling Precautions
● Stable Supply Voltage
Supply voltage should be stabilized.
A sudden change in power-supply voltage may cause a malfunction even within the guaranteed operating
range of the VCC power-supply voltage.
For stabilization, in principle, keep the variation in VCC ripple (p-p value) in a commercial frequency range
(50/60Hz) not to exceed 10% of the standard VCC value and suppress the voltage variation so that the
transient variation rate does not exceed 0.1V/ms during a momentary change such as when the power
supply is switched.
Flash serial programming must be performed with operational voltage is VCC=3.13V to 3.6V.
Flash programming must be performed with operational voltage is VCC=3V to 3.6V.
● When using the single system product
When using the MB90980 series as a single system product, use it with X0A=VSS, X1A=open.
● Precautions when using the dual power supplies
MB90980 series usually uses 3V power supply. However, setting VCC3=3V system/VCC5=5V system
enables P24 to P27, P30 to P37, P40 to P42, P70 to P74, P76 and P77 as 5V power supplies separately from
the main 3V power supply.
Analog power supply (AVCC, AVRH) at the time of A/D conversion is used only as a 3V system.
17
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING THE DEVICE
18
CHAPTER 3
CPU
This chapter explains CPU specifications, memory, and
the functions of registers to provide readers with a
better understanding of the MB90980 functions.
3.1 Overview of CPU Specifications
3.2 Memory Space
3.3 CPU Registers
3.4 Prefix Codes
19
CHAPTER 3 CPU
3.1
Overview of CPU Specifications
This section gives an overview of the CPU specifications.
■ Overview of CPU Specifications
The F2MC-16LX CPU core is a 16-bit CPU designed for devices such as consumer devices that requires
high-speed real-time processing. The F2MC-16LX instruction set is designed for controller applications,
providing high-speed and high-efficiency control processes.
In addition to 16-bit data processing, the F2MC-16LX CPU core can provide 32-bit data processing with an
installed internal 32-bit accumulator (some instructions perform 32-bit data processing). Memory spaces
are a maximum of 16 M bytes (expandable) and can be accessed by using a linear pointer or bank. Based
on the F2MC-8L AT architecture, its instruction system is improved because of increasing the instructions
supporting high-level languages, expanding addressing modes, improving multiply and divide operation
instructions, and enhancing bit processing. The F2MC-16LX CPU has the following features:
● Minimum instruction execution time
•
40.0 ns/6.25 MHz oscillation multiplied by 4 (25 MHz/3.3 V ± 0.3 V for internal operation)
•
62.5 ns/4 MHz oscillation multiplied by 4 (16 MHz/3.0 V ± 0.3 V for internal operation)
•
PLL clock multiply scheme
● Maximum memory space: 16 M bytes, accessing by using a linear pointer or bank
● Instruction system optimized for control applications
•
Data types available: bit, byte, word, long word
•
Standard addressing mode: Use of 23-type, 32-bit accumulator for enhancing high-precision operation
•
Signed multiply and divide operations, expanded RETI instruction
● Enhanced interrupt function: 8 priority levels (programmable)
● CPU independent automatic transfer function: μDMAC up to 16 channels
● Multitasking-compatible instruction system in high-level language (C)
Use of system stack pointers, symmetrical instruction set, and barrel shift instruction
● Improved execution speed: 4-byte queue
20
3.2
Memory Space
The F2MC-16LX CPU has a 16-M bytes memory space, to which all input to and output
from the F2MC-16LX CPU controlled data program is allocated. CPU has a 24-bit
address bus to access each resource.
■ Memory Map
Figure 3.2-1 shows the F2MC-16LX system and the associated memory map.
Figure 3.2-1 Example Showing Correspondence Between F2MC-16LX System and Memory Map
Program
FFFFFFH
FF8000H
Data
810000H
Interrupt
800000H
F2MC-16LX
CPU
Program area
Data area
[Device]
Peripheral
circuit
Generalpurpose port
0000C0H
0000B0H
000020H
000000H
Interrupt controller
Peripheral circuit
General-purpose port
■ Address Generation Type
The F2MC-16LX CPU has two types of address generation. One is linear addressing that specifies all 24bit addresses with instructions. The other is bank addressing that specifies upper 8-bit addresses with
appropriate bank registers and lower 16-bit addresses with instructions.
Linear addressing has two types: one uses operands to directly specify 24-bit addresses; the other refers to
contents of the lower 24 bits in a 32-bit general-purpose register as addresses.
● Linear addressing (specified with 24-bit operand)
Figure 3.2-2 shows an example of linear addressing scheme specified with 24-bit operands.
Figure 3.2-2 Linear Addressing (Specified with 24-bit Operand)
JMPP 123456H
Previous program
counter
17
452D
17452DH
123456H
New program counter
12
JMPP 123456H
Next instruction
3456
21
CHAPTER 3 CPU
● Linear addressing (indirectly specified using 32-bit register)
Figure 3.2-3 shows an example of linear addressing scheme indirectly specified using a 32-bit register.
Figure 3.2-3 Linear Addressing (Indirectly Specified Using 32-bit Register)
MOV A, @RL1+7
Old AL
090700H
XXXX
3A
+7
RL1
(Upper 8 bits are ignored)
New AL
240906F9
003A
■ Addressing Type by Bank
Bank addressing divides a 16-M bytes space into 256 banks of 64 K bytes each, using five bank registers to
specify banks for each space.
•
Program bank register (PCB)
•
Data bank register (DTB)
•
User stack bank register (USB)
•
System stack bank register (SSB)
•
Additional bank register (ADB)
A 64-K bytes bank specified with PCB is called the program (PC) space. The PC space includes such
information as instruction codes, vector tables, and immediate data.
A 64-K bytes bank specified with DTB is called the data (DT) space. The DT space includes writable data,
and internal and external resource control/data registers.
A 64-K bytes bank specified with USB or SSB is called the stack (SP) space. The SP space is accessed if a
stack access occurs by saving the push/pop instruction or interrupt register. The stack space to be accessed
is determined by the S-flag in the condition code register.
A 64-K bytes bank specified with ADB is called the additional (AD) space. The AD space includes, for
example, data that cannot be included in the DT space.
As shown in Table 3.2-1, each addressing mode uses a default space defined in advance to improve the
efficiency of coding instructions. If an addressing mode uses a space other than the default space, a prefix
code corresponding to the bank must be specified prior to the instruction code, enabling access to any bank
space corresponding to the prefix code.
After resetting, DTB, USB, SSB and ADB are initialized to 00H, and PCB is initialized to the value
specified by a reset vector. After resetting, each space for DT, SP and AD is allocated to bank 00H
(000000H to 00FFFFH), and each PC space is allocated to the bank specified by the reset vector.
22
Table 3.2-1 Default Space
Default space
Addressing mode
Program space
PC indirect, program access, branch instruction
Data space
Addressing mode using @RW0,@RW1, @RW4, and @RW5; @A; addr16; dir
Stack space
Addressing mode using PUCHW, POPW, @RW3, and @RW7
Additional space
Addressing mode using @RW2 and @RW6
Figure 3.2-4 shows an example of a memory space divided for a register bank.
Figure 3.2-4 Physical Address in Each Space
FFFFFFH
FF0000H
Program space
FEH
: PCB (Program bank register)
B3H
: ADB (Additional bank register)
92H
: USB (User stack bank register)
68H
: DTB (Data bank register)
4BH
: SSB (System stack bank register)
Physical address
B3FFFFH
B30000H
92FFFFH
920000H
Additional space
User stack space
68FFFFH
680000H
Data space
4BFFFFH
4B0000H
System stack space
000000H
23
CHAPTER 3 CPU
■ Allocation for Data of Multi-byte Length in Memory Space
Figure 3.2-5 shows the configuration of data of a multi-byte length in memory. The lower 8 bits of a data
item are stored at address n, then address n+1, address n+2, address n+3, etc.
Figure 3.2-5 Example for Allocating Data of Multi-byte Length in Memory
MSB
01010101
H
1100110
LSB
00000000
11111111
01010101
11001100
11111111
Address n
00000000
L
Data is written to memory in sequence starting from the lower addresses. Thus, the lower 16 bits of a 32bit data item is transferred first, followed by the upper 16 bits. If a reset signal is input immediately after
writing the lower bit, writing the upper bit may fail.
■ Access to Data of Multi-byte Length
Figure 3.2-6 shows an example for accessing data of a multi-byte length.
In this example, MOVW A, 030FFFFH is executed.
Figure 3.2-6 Example for Accessing Data of Multi-byte Length
H
80FFFFH
AL before execution
??
??
AL after execution
23H
01H
01H
·
·
·
800000H
23H
L
24
3.3
CPU Registers
The F2MC-16LX registers are divided into special registers inside CPU and generalpurpose registers on memory. The former is dedicated hardware inside the CPU, and its
use is limited because of the CPU architecture. The latter shares CPU address spaces
with RAM. A general-purpose register can be accessed without specifying an address,
and a user can specify the use of a general-purpose register, which is the same as for
memory spaces.
■ Dedicated Registers
The F2MC-16LX has the following 11 types of dedicated registers:
•
Accumulator (A = AH: AL):
Two 16-bit accumulators
(used as single 32-bit accumulator)
•
User stack pointer (USP):
16-bit pointer pointing to user stack area
•
System stack pointer (SSP):
16-bit pointer pointing to system stack area
•
Processor status (PS):
16-bit register indicating system status
•
Program counter (PC):
16-bit register containing a program address
•
Direct page register (DPR):
8-bit register indicating a direct page
•
Program bank register (PCB):
8-bit register indicating a PC space
•
Data bank register (DTB):
8-bit register indicating a DT space
•
User stack bank register (USB):
8-bit register indicating a user stack space
•
System stack bank register (SSB):
8-bit register indicating a system stack space
•
Additional bank register (ADB):
8-bit register indicating an AD space
Figure 3.3-1 shows the configuration of the dedicated registers.
Figure 3.3-1 Configuration of Dedicated Registers
AH
AL
Accumulator
USP
User stack pointer
SSP
System stack pointer
PS
Processor status
PC
Program counter
DPR
Direct page register
PCB
Program bank register
DTB
Data bank register
USB
User stack bank register
SSB
System stack bank register
ADB
Additional data bank register
8 bits
32 bits
16 bits
25
CHAPTER 3 CPU
■ General-purpose Register
The F2MC-16LX general-purpose register resides on the main memory addresses: 000180H to 00037FH
(maximum configuration). It uses a register bank register (RP) to indicate which part of addresses are
currently used for register banks. Each bank has the three types of registers listed below. They are
dependent on one another, as shown in Figure 3.3-2.
•
R0 to R7:
8-bit general-purpose register
•
RW0 to RW7: 16-bit general-purpose register
•
RL0 to RL3:
32-bit general-purpose register
Figure 3.3-2 shows the configuration of a general-purpose register.
Figure 3.3-2 Configuration of General-purpose Register
MSB
LSB
16 bits
000180H
RP × 10H
RW0
RL0
RW1
RW2
RL1
RW3
RW4
R1
R3
R2
RW5
R5
R4
RW6
R7
R6
RW7
RL2
The relationship between upper and lower bytes in a byte register and word register is represented with the
following formula: RW(i + 4) = RW(i x 2 + 1) x 256 + R(i x 2) [i = 0 to 3]. The relationship of upper and
lower bytes in RLi is represented with the following formula:
RW(i) = RW(i x 2 + 1) x 65536 + RW(i x 2) [i = 0 to 3].
26
3.3.1
Accumulator (A)
This section explains the accumulator (A) functions.
■ Accumulator (A)
An accumulator (A) consists of two 16-bit arithmetic operation registers (AH/AL) that are used to store
operation results and temporarily store data transfer results. For 32-bit data processing, AH is connected
with AL. For word processing in the 16-bit data processing mode and for byte processing in the 8-bit data
processing mode, only AL is used. Data stored in an accumulator (A) is used together with that in memory
and registers (Ri, Rwi, Rli); and similar to F2MC-8L operations, the data item with a smaller word length is
transferred to AL. This enables data items in AL before the transfer to be automatically transferred to AH
(data hold function). The data hold function and operation between AL-AH support improvements in
processing efficiency.
During a transfer of a data item with a lower byte length to AL, a sign extension or zero extension is added
to the data, and the data is saved in AL as a 16-bit data item. Also, data in AL is handled in either word
lengths or byte lengths.
If an arithmetic operation instruction of byte processing is executed in AL, the upper 8 bits in AL before
the operation is ignored, and the upper 8 bits of operation results are reset to zero. Resetting an
accumulator (A) does not initialized it, and it has an undefined value after the reset.
Figure 3.3-3 shows 32-bit data transfer processing, and Figure 3.3-4 shows AL-AH transfer processing.
Figure 3.3-3 32-bit Data Transfer
MOVL A,@RW1+6
A before execution
XXXXH
XXXXH
DTB
A after execution
8F74H
LSB
MSB
A6H
A61540H
8FH
74H
A6153EH
2BH
52H
15H
38H
+6
RW1
2B52H
Figure 3.3-4 AL-AH Transfer
MOVW A,@RW1+6
A before execution
XXXXH
1234H
DTB
A after execution
1234H
MSB
A6H
2B52H
LSB
A61540H
8FH
74H
A6153EH
2BH
52H
15H
38H
+6
RW1
27
CHAPTER 3 CPU
3.3.2
User Stack Pointer (USP) and System Stack Pointer (SSP)
This section explains the functions of the user stack pointer (USP) and system stack
pointer (SSP).
■ User Stack Pointer (USP) and System Stack Pointer (SSP)
The user stack pointer (USP) and system stack pointer (SSP) are 16-bit registers indicating the push/pop
instruction or the memory address to which data is saved or restored at subroutine execution. The USP
register and SSP register are used in stack-type instructions. If the S-flag in the processor status register is
set to "0", the USP register is enabled. If the S-flag is set to "1", SSP register is enabled (see Figure 3.3-5). If
an interrupt is accepted, the S-flag is set and then the register value is saved in the memory area indicated by
SSP in interrupt processing. SSP is used to execute stack processing of interrupt routines, and USP is used
to execute stack processing other than interrupt routines. Only SSP is used if stack space is not divided.
In stack processing, the address of upper 8 bits is indicated with SSP -> SSB and USP -> USB. Resetting
USP and SSP does not initialize them, but each then has an undefined value.
Figure 3.3-5 shows the relationship between stack operation instructions and the stack pointer where the Sflag is set to "0" and "1".
Figure 3.3-5 Relationship Between Stack Operation Instructions and Stack Pointer
Example 1: PUCHW A where S-flag is set to "0"
MSB
Before
execution
AL
S-flag
After
execution
AL
S-flag
LSB
A624H
USB
C6H
USP
F328H
0
SSB
56H
SSP
1234H
A624H
USB
C6H
USP
F328H
0
SSB
56H
SSP
1234H
C6F326H
A6H
24H
561232H
XX
XX
561232H
A6H
24H
C6F326H
XX
XX
Use of user stack because
S-flag is set to "0"
Example 2: PUCHW A where S-flag is set to "1"
Before
execution
After
execution
AL
A624H
USB
C6H
USP
F328H
S-flag
1
SSB
56H
SSP
1234H
AL
A624H
USB
C6H
USP
F328H
S-flag
1
SSB
56H
SSP
1232H
Use of system stack because
S-flag is set to "1"
Note:
Use an even-numbered address for a stack pointer, in principle.
28
3.3.3
Processor Status (PS)
This section explains the processor status (PS) functions.
■ Processor Status (PS)
Processor status (PS) consists of bits used to execute CPU operations and bits indicating the CPU state. As
shown in Figure 3.3-6, the upper byte in the PS register consists of a register bank pointer (RP) and
interrupt level mask register (ILM). RP indicates the header address of a register bank. The lower byte of
PS register is the condition code register (CCR) that includes a flag that is set and reset depending on
execution results or interrupt events.
Figure 3.3-6 shows the configuration of processor status (PS).
Figure 3.3-6 Configuration of Processor Status (PS)
bit 15
PS
13 12
0
8 7
ILM
RPCCR
■ Condition Code Register (CCR)
Figure 3.3-7 shows the configuration of the condition code register.
Figure 3.3-7 Configuration of Condition Code Register
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
-
0
1
*
*
*
*
*
Initial value
* : Not defined
● I: Interrupt permission flag
An interrupt other than software interrupt is permitted if the I-flag is set to "1" and masked if set to "0".
The I-flag is cleared if reset.
● S: Stack flag
If the S-flag is set to "0", USP is enabled as the stack operation pointer, and if it is set to "1", SSP is
enabled. The S-flag is set if an interrupt or reset occurs.
● T: Sticky bit flag
If the logic right shift instruction or arithmetic right shift instruction is executed, there is one or more "1" in
the data shifted out by a carry operation, then the T-flag is set to either "1". Otherwise, it is set to "0". If
the shift amount is zero, it is set to "0".
● N: Negative flag
If MSB in operation results indicates "1", the N-flag is set. Otherwise, it is cleared.
29
CHAPTER 3 CPU
● Z: Zero flag
If all operation results indicate "0", the Z-flag is set. Otherwise, it is cleared.
● V: Overflow flag
If an overflow with a signed figure occurs as an operation execution result, the V-flag is set. Otherwise, it
is cleared.
● C: Carry flag
If a shift-in/shift-out operation occurs from MSB as operation execution results, the C-flag is set.
Otherwise, it is cleared.
■ Register Bank Pointer (RP)
The register bank pointer (RP) shows the relationship between the F2MC-16LX general-purpose register
and internal RAM addresses. RP indicates the header memory address in the currently used register bank
with the conversion formula [00180H + RP x 10H].
RP consists of 5 bits, with an address ranging from 00H to 1FH.
A register bank can be allocated to a memory address in a range of 000180H to 00037FH. Even in this
range, however, a register bank cannot be used as a general-purpose register if a register bank is not in
internal RAM. An instruction transfers an immediate value of 8 bits to RP, but only the lower 5 bits are
actually used.
Figure 3.3-8 Configuration of Register Bank Pointer (RP)
Initial value
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
■ Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM)
The interrupt level mask register (ILM) consists of 3 bits indicating the level of the CPU interrupt mask.
Only interrupt request of an interrupt level higher than that represented with the 3 bits is accepted. The
highest level is indicated with "0", the lowest level is indicated with "7" (see Table 3.3-1). Thus, to accept
an interrupt, its level must be lower than the current ILM value. If an interrupt is accepted, its interrupt
level value is set to ILM, and then any interrupts with the same or lower level of the interrupt priority are
not accepted. ILM is initialized to zero by a reset. An instruction can transfer an 8-bit immediate value to
the ILM register, but only the lower 3 bits are actually used.
Figure 3.3-9 shows the configuration of the interrupt level mask register. Table 3.3-1 has explanations of
the level indicated in the interrupt level mask register (ILM).
Figure 3.3-9 Configuration of Interrupt Level Mask Register
ILM2
Initial value
30
0
ILM1 ILM0
0
0
Table 3.3-1 Level Indicated by Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM)
ILM2
ILM1
ILM0
Level value
Permitted interrupt level
0
0
0
0
Interrupt prohibited
0
0
1
1
"0" only
0
1
0
2
Level value less than 1
0
1
1
3
Level value less than 2
1
0
0
4
Level value less than 3
1
0
1
5
Level value less than 4
1
1
0
6
Level value less than 5
1
1
1
7
Level value less than 6
31
CHAPTER 3 CPU
3.3.4
Program Counter (PC)
This section explains the program counter (PC) functions.
■ Program Counter (PC)
PC is a 16-bit counter indicating the lower 16 bits in the memory address of an instruction code to be
executed by CPU. An upper 8-bit address is indicated with the program count bank register (PCB). PC
contents are updated by condition branch instructions, subroutine call instructions, interrupts, or resets. It
may also be used as a base pointer for operand access.
Figure 3.3-10 explains the program counter (PC) functions.
Figure 3.3-10 Program Counter (PC) Functions
PCB
FEH
PC
ABCDH
Next instruction executed
FEABCDH
32
3.3.5
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
This section explains the program count bank register (PCB) functions.
■ Program Count Bank Register (PCB) <Initial Value: Value in Reset Vector>
The program count bank register (PCB) consists of the following registers:
•
Data bank register (DTB) < Initial value: 00H >
•
User stack bank register (USB) < Initial value: 00H >
•
System stack bank register (SSB) < Initial value: 00H >
•
Additional data bank register (ADB) < Initial value: 00H >
Each bank register indicates memory banks to which PC, DT, SP (user), SP (system), and AD space are
allocated.
All bank registers has a length of 1 byte. They are initialized to "00H" by a reset. Bank registers other than
PCB can be read. PCB can be read, but writing to PCB is not permitted.
PCB is updated either when the JMPP, CALLP, RETP, RETI, or RETF instruction that branches is
executed, and it may then branch to an entire 16-M bytes space. PCB is also updated when an interrupt
occurs. For information on the operation of each register, see Section "3.2 Memory Space".
33
CHAPTER 3 CPU
3.3.6
Direct Page Register (DPR)
This section explains the direct page register (DPR) functions.
■ Direct Page Register (DPR) <Initial Value: 01H>
The direct page register (DPR) specifies, as shown in Figure 3.3-11, addresses 8 to 15 of an instruction
operand in the direct addressing mode. DPR has a length of 8 bits, and is initialized to "01H" by a reset. It
also allows reading and writing by instructions.
Figure 3.3-11 illustrates the generation of a physical address in the direct addressing mode.
Figure 3.3-11 Generating a Physical Address in Direct Addressing Mode
DTB register
MSB
24-bit physical address
34
DPR register
Direct address in instruction
LSB
3.3.7
General-Purpose Register (Register Bank)
This section explains the general-purpose register (register bank) functions.
■ General-purpose Register (Register Bank)
A register bank consists of 8 words and is used as a general-purpose register for arithmetic operation in the
byte register (R0 to R7), word register (RW0 to RW7), and long-word register (RL0 to RL3). A register
bank is also used as an instruction pointer. Table 3.3-2 lists the register functions and Figure 3.3-12 shows
the relationship among registers.
Register bank values are not initialized by a reset, the same as for RAM spaces, but the state before
resetting is kept.
At power-on, however, the values are undefined.
Table 3.3-2 Register Functions
R0 to R7
Used as operand in different instructions
Note:
R0 is used as the barrel shift counter or normalization instruction counter.
RW0 to RW7
Used as a pointer or operand in different instructions
Note:
RW0 is used as a string instruction counter.
RL0 to RL3
Used as a long pointer or operand in different instructions
Figure 3.3-12 Relationship Among Registers
RW0
RW1
RW2
RW3
R0
R1
R2
R3
RW4
RW5
RL0
R4
RL1
R5
RL2
R6
RW6
RL3
RW7
R7
35
CHAPTER 3 CPU
3.4
Prefix Codes
By inserting a prefix code before an instruction, part of an instruction operation may
change. Three types of prefix code are provided: bank select prefixes, common
register bank prefixes, and flag change suppress prefixes.
■ Bank Select Prefix (PCB, DTB, ADB, SPB)
Memory space used in data access is determined according to the addressing mode.
By inserting a bank select prefix before an instruction, the instruction may select the memory space used
for data access regardless of the addressing mode in use.
Table 3.4-1 shows the relationship between the bank select prefix and a selected space.
Table 3.4-1 Bank Select Prefix
Bank select prefix
Selected space
PCB
PC space
DTB
Data space
ADB
AD space
SPB
Either SSB or USB space is used depending on the stack flag value.
Be careful when you are using the following instructions:
● String instruction (MOVS, MOVSW, SCEQ, SCWEQ, FILS, FILSW)
This uses bank registers specified with an operand regardless of a prefix.
● Stack operation instruction (PUSHW, POPW)
SSB or USB is used depending on the S-flag, regardless of a prefix.
● I/O access instruction
MOVA A, io/MOV io, A/MOVX A, io/MOVW A, io/MOVW io, A
MOV io, #imm8/MOVW io, #imm8/MOBV A, io: bp/MOVB io: bp, A
SETB io: bp/CLRB io: bp/BBC io:bp, rel/BBS io:bp, rel WBTC
WBTS
The I/O space of a bank is used regardless of whether a prefix is in an instruction.
● Flag change instruction (AND CCR,#imm8,OR CCR,#imm8)
An instruction operation is normal, but a prefix affects the next instruction.
● POPW PS
Regardless of prefix, SSB or USB is used depending on the S-flag. A prefix affects the next instruction.
36
● MOV ILM, #imm8
If an instruction operation is normal, but a prefix affects the next instruction.
● RETI
SSB is used regardless of prefix.
■ Common Register Bank Prefix (CMR)
To facilitate data exchange between multiple tasks, the same register bank needs to be easily accessed
regardless of each register bank pointer (RP) value. If CMR is inserted before an instruction that accesses a
register bank, the instruction accesses the common bank with addresses ranging from 000180H to 00018FH
(register bank selected if RP = 0) regardless of the current RP value.
However, be careful when you are using the following instructions:
● String instruction (MOVS, MOVSW, SCEQ, SCWEQ, FILS, FILSW)
If an interrupt request is issued while a string instruction with a prefix code is executed, the prefix code is
disabled when the string instruction is returned after the interrupt is processed. Thus, with interrupt
processing, the string instruction causes an error. Do not add a CMR prefix to such a string instruction.
● Flag change instruction (AND CCR, #imm8, OR CCR, #imm8)
An instruction operation is normal, but a prefix affects the next instruction.
● MOV ILM, #imm8
An instruction operation is normal, but a prefix affects the next instruction.
■ Flag Change Suppress Prefix (NCC)
To suppress a flag change, specify the flag change suppress prefix code (NCC). By inserting NCC before
an instruction, the flag change caused by an instruction is suppressed. However, be careful if you use
instructions listed below.
● String instruction (MOVS, MOVSW, SCEQ, SCWEQ, FILS, FILSW)
If an interrupt request occurs while a string instruction with prefix code is executed, the prefix code is
disabled when the string instruction is returned after the interrupt is processed. Thus, with interrupt
processing, the string instruction causes an error. Do not add a CMR prefix to the above string instruction.
● Flag change instruction (AND CCR, #imm8, OR CCR, #imm8)
An instruction operation is normal, but a prefix affects the next instruction.
● Interrupt instruction (INT #vct8, INT9, INT addr16, INTO addr24, POPW PS)
CCR changes according to the instruction specification regardless of the prefix.
● JCTX@A
CCR change according to the instruction specification regardless of the prefix.
37
CHAPTER 3 CPU
● MOV ILM, #imm8
An instruction operation is normal, but a prefix affects the next instruction.
■ Interrupt Suppress Instruction
No interrupt requests are sampled on ten types of instruction as follows.
MOV ILM, #imm8/PCB/SPB/OR CCR, #imm8/NCC
AND CCR, #imm8/ADB/CMR/POPW PS/DTB
If an effective interrupt request is issued when any of above instructions is executed, an interrupt may be
processed only if instructions other than the above are executed. For more information, see Figure 3.4-1.
Figure 3.4-1 Interrupt Suppress Instruction
Interrupt suppress instruction
(a)
(a) Normal instruction
Interrupt request
Interrupt accept
■ Restrictions on Interrupt Suppress Instruction and Prefix Instruction
If a prefix code is inserted before an interrupt is suppressed, the prefix code affects up to the first
instruction that appears after any code other than interrupt suppress instructions, as shown in Figure 3.4-2.
Figure 3.4-2 Interrupt Suppress Instruction and Prefix Code
Interrupt suppress instruction
MOV A, FFH
NCC
ADD A,01H
MOV ILM,#imm8
CCR:XXX10XXB
No CCR changes are caused by NCC.
■ Continuous Prefix Codes
If continuous prefix codes conflict, the latest ones are valid, as shown in Figure 3.4-3.
Such conflicting prefix codes mean PCB, ADB, DTB, and SPB, as shown in Figure 3.4-3.
Figure 3.4-3 Continuous Prefix Codes
Prefix code
ADB
DTB
PCB
ADD A,01H
PCB is valid as
a prefix code.
38
CHAPTER 4
INTERRUPT
This chapter explains interrupts and direct memory
access (DMA).
4.1 Overview of Interrupt
4.2 Interrupt Factor and Interrupt Vector
4.3 Interrupt Control Register and Peripheral Function
4.4 Hardware Interrupt
4.5 Software Interrupt
4.6 Interrupt by μDMAC
4.7 Interrupt by Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)
4.8 Exception Processing Interrupt
4.9 Stack Operation of Interrupt Processing
4.10 Sample Program of Interrupt Processing
4.11 Delay Interrupt Generation Module
39
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.1
Overview of Interrupt
F2MC-16LX has the following four interrupt functions that temporarily stop processing
currently being performed and make the control move to programs defined separately
when certain events occur:
• Hardware interrupt
• Software interrupt
• Interrupt by μDMAC
• Exception processing
■ Types and Functions of Interrupts
● Hardware interrupt
Control is moved to the user-defined interrupt processing program in response to an interrupt request from
a peripheral function.
● Software interrupt
Control is moved to the user-defined interrupt processing program by execution of a dedicated instruction
for software interrupts (e.g., INT instruction).
● Interrupt by μDMAC
μDMAC is a function used to automatically transfer data between peripheral functions and memory.
Previous data transfers by an interrupt processing program is provided in the same way as the direct
memory access (DMA). When a transfer for data of a specified count is completed, an interrupt processing
program is automatically executed.
Interrupt by μDMAC is a type of hardware interrupts.
● Exception processing
Exceptions are handled by interrupting normal processing at the instruction boundary if exception event
(execution of undefined instruction) generation is detected. Exception processing is equivalent to software
interrupt instruction "INT10".
40
■ Overall Flow of Interrupt Operation
Four types of interrupt functions provide start and return processing, as shown in Figure 4.1-1.
Figure 4.1-1 Overall Flow of Interrupt Operation
START
Main program
Valid hardware
interrupt request
String-type
instruction being
NO
executed*
YES
Interrupt start and return processing
μ DMAC?
YES
μ DMAC
Fetching and decoding
of next instruction
NO
INT instruction?
YES
Saving dedicated registers
in the system stack
NO
μ DMAC processing
Software
interrupt
and exception
processing
Hardware interrupt
acceptance prohibited
(I = 0)
Hardware
interrupt
YES
Specified count
completed?
End of request from
peripheral function?
Saving dedicated registers
in the system stack
NO
Updating CPU interrupt
processing level (ILM)
RETI instruction?
YES
NO
Execution of normal
instruction
NO
Execution of
interrupt return
A dedicated register is
returned from the system
stack to the routine that
exists before the interrupt
routine is called.
Reading of interrupt
vector to update PC
and PCB, and then
branching to interrupt
routine
Completed
reiteration of string-type
instruction*
YES
Pointer moved to next
instruction if PC updated
* When a string-type instruction is being executed, the interrupt condition is checked in each step.
41
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.2
Interrupt Factor and Interrupt Vector
The F2MC-16LX has functions corresponding to 256 types of interrupt factors, and 256
interrupt vector tables are assigned to the highest address in the memory. The interrupt
vector is shared by all interrupts.
A software interrupt may use all of the above interrupts (INT0 to INT255), although parts
of interrupt vectors are shared by hardware interrupt and exception processing
interrupt. A hardware interrupt has a specific interrupt vector and interrupt control
register (ICR) for each peripheral function.
■ Interrupt Vector
Interrupt vector tables referred during interrupt processing are assigned to the memory area of the highest
address ("FFFC00H" to "FFFFFFH"). The interrupt vectors for μDMAC, exception processing, hardware
interrupt, and software interrupt share the same area. Table 4.2-1 lists the assignment of interrupt numbers
and interrupt vectors.
Table 4.2-1 Interrupt Vectors
Software
interrupt
instruction
Vector
address L
Vector
address M
Vector
address H
Mode
data
Interrupt
No.
Hardware interrupt
INT0
FFFFFCH
FFFFFDH
FFFFFEH
Unused
#0
None
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
INT7
FFFFE0H
FFFFE1H
FFFFE2H
Unused
#7
None
INT8
FFFFDCH
FFFFDDH
FFFFDEH
FFFFDFH
#8
(RESET vector)
INT9
FFFFD8H
FFFFD9H
FFFFDAH
Unused
#9
None
INT10
FFFFD4H
FFFFD5H
FFFFD6H
Unused
#10
< Exception processing >
INT11
FFFFD0H
FFFFD1H
FFFFD2H
Unused
#11
Hardware interrupt #0
INT12
FFFFCCH
FFFFCDH
FFFFCEH
Unused
#12
Hardware interrupt #1
INT13
FFFFC8H
FFFFC9H
FFFFCAH
Unused
#13
Hardware interrupt #2
INT14
FFFFC4H
FFFFC5H
FFFFC6H
Unused
#14
Hardware interrupt #3
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
INT254
FFFC04H
FFFC05H
FFFC06H
Unused
#254
None
INT255
FFFC00H
FFFC01H
FFFC02H
Unused
#255
None
Reference:
For interrupt vectors that are not used, Fujitsu recommends specifying such vectors for the address
for exception processing.
42
■ Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Table 4.2-2 shows the relationship among interrupt factors excluding software interrupts, interrupt vectors,
and interrupt control registers.
Table 4.2-2 Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt Control Registers (1 / 2)
Interrupt factor
Clear of
EI2OS
μDMAC
channel
number
Interrupt vector
Number
Address
Interrupt control
register
Number
Address
Reset
x
-
#08
FFFFDCH
-
-
INT9 instruction
x
-
#09
FFFFD8H
-
-
Exception
x
-
#10
FFFFD4H
-
-
INT0
❍
0
#11
FFFFD0H
❍
ICR00
INT1
x
#12
FFFFCCH
0000B0H
INT2
❍
x
#13
FFFFC8H
❍
ICR01
INT3
x
#14
FFFFC4H
0000B1H
INT4
❍
x
#15
FFFFC0H
❍
ICR02
INT5
x
#16
FFFFBCH
0000B2H
INT6
❍
x
#17
FFFFB8H
❍
ICR03
INT7
x
#18
FFFFB4H
0000B3H
PWC1
❍
x
#19
FFFFB0H
ICR04
-
#20
FFFFACH
0000B4H
-
PWC0
❍
1
#21
FFFFA8H
ICR05
PPG0/PPG1 counter borrow
2
#22
FFFFA4H
0000B5H
x
PPG2/PPG3 counter borrow
x
3
#23
FFFFA0H
ICR06
-
#24
FFFF9CH
0000B6H
-
8/16-bit U/D counter / timer (ch.0,1) /
compare / underflow / overflow /
up-down reverse
❍
x
#25
FFFF98H
ICR07
0000B7H
Input capture (ch.0) load
❍
5
#26
FFFF94H
Input capture (ch.1) load
❍
6
#27
FFFF90H
❍
ICR08
Output compare (ch.0) match
#28
FFFF8CH
0000B8H
8
Output compare (ch.1) match
❍
9
#29
FFFF88H
❍
ICR09
Output compare (ch.2) match
#30
FFFF84H
0000B9H
10
-
-
43
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
Table 4.2-2 Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt Control Registers (2 / 2)
Interrupt factor
Clear of
EI2OS
μDMAC
channel
number
Interrupt vector
Number
Address
❍
x
#31
FFFF80H
-
-
-
#32
FFFF7CH
-
-
-
#33
FFFF78H
UART transmit completed
❍
11
#34
FFFF74H
16-bit free-run timer overflow
16-bit reload timer underflow *2
❍
12
#35
UART receive completed
❂
7
#36
FFFF6CH
SI01 (ch.0)
❍
13
#37
FFFF68H
SI02 (ch.1)
❍
14
#38
FFFF64H
I2C interface
x
x
#39
FFFF60H
A/D
❍
15
#40
FFFF5CH
FLASH write/delete, time-base timer,
watch timer*1
x
x
#41
FFFF58H
Delay interrupt generation module
x
Output compare (ch.3) match
x
#42
Interrupt control
register
Number
Address
ICR10
0000BAH
ICR11
0000BBH
ICR12
0000BCH
ICR13
0000BDH
ICR14
0000BEH
ICR15
0000BFH
FFFF70H
FFFF54H
x : The interrupt request flag cannot be cleared by the interrupt clear signal.
❍ : The interrupt request flag is cleared.
❂ : The interrupt request flag is cleared. The stop request is provided.
*1 : Caution: The FLASH write/erase, time-base timer, and watch timer cannot be used at the same time.
*2 : Please write "0" in the INTE bit, after prohibiting interrupt by setting the IL2 bit to IL0 bit of the interrupt control
register to "111B", if the reload timer underflow interrupt setting is changed from enable (INTE bit of TMCSR
registers =1) to prohibit (INTE bit of TMCSR registers =0).
44
4.3
Interrupt Control Register and Peripheral Function
Interrupt control registers (ICR00 to ICR15) are located in the interrupt controller, and
they correspond to every peripheral function that has an interrupt function. This
register controls interrupts.
■ List of Interrupt Control Registers
Table 4.3-1 lists interrupt control registers and the corresponding peripheral functions.
Table 4.3-1 List of Interrupt Control Registers
Address
Register
Abbreviation
Corresponding peripheral functions
0000B0H
Interrupt control register 00
ICR00
INT0, INT1
0000B1H
Interrupt control register 01
ICR01
INT2, INT3
0000B2H
Interrupt control register 02
ICR02
INT4, INT5
0000B3H
Interrupt control register 03
ICR03
INT6, INT7
0000B4H
Interrupt control register 04
ICR04
PWC1
0000B5H
Interrupt control register 05
ICR05
8/16-bit PPG timer 0, 1
PWC0
0000B6H
Interrupt control register 06
ICR06
8/16-bit PPG timer 2, 3, 4, 5
0000B7H
Interrupt control register 07
ICR07
8/16UD counter 0, 1, input capture 0
0000B8H
Interrupt control register 08
ICR08
Input capture 1, output compare 0
0000B9H
Interrupt control register 09
ICR09
Output compare 1, 2
0000BAH
Interrupt control register 10
ICR10
Output compare 3, 4
0000BBH
Interrupt control register 11
ICR11
Output compare 5, UART transmit
0000BCH
Interrupt control register 12
ICR12
UART receive, 16-bit free-run timer,
16-bit reload timer
0000BDH
Interrupt control register 13
ICR13
SIO0, SIO1
0000BEH
Interrupt control register 14
ICR14
A/D, I2C interface
0000BFH
Interrupt control register 15
ICR15
FLASH write, time-base timer, watch timer, delayed
interrupt generation module
Note:
Avoid accessing the interrupt control register (ICR) with read-modify-write instructions since they
may cause incorrect operation.
45
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.3.1
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
The interrupt control register (ICR00 to ICR15) corresponds to every peripheral function
that has interrupt functions for controlling processing during interrupt request
generation. This register has different functions between write and read operations.
■ Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15) Function
The interrupt control register (ICR00 to ICR15) consists of bit having the following four functions:
•
Interrupt level setting bits (IL2 to IL0)
•
Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) permission bit (ISE)
•
Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) channel selection bits (ICS3 to ICS0)
•
Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) status bits (S1, S0)
■ Configuration of Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Figure 4.3-1 shows the bit configuration of the interrupt control register (ICR00 to ICR15).
Figure 4.3-1 Bit Configuration of Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Interrupt control register (ICR)
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
Address
0000B0H
ICS3 ICS2 ICS1 ICS0 ISE IL2 IL1 IL0
to
0000BFH
W
W
W
W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
00000111B
Interrupt control register (ICR)
Address
0000B0H
to
0000BFH
bit7
R/W :
R :
W :
:
-
bit6
-
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
Initial value
S1
S0
ISE
IL2
IL1
IL0
XX000111B
R
R
R/W R/W R/W R/W
Readable/Writable
Read only
Write only
Undefined
Notes:
• Only when extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) is started, the ICS3 to ICS0 bits are valid.
Please set "1" to the ISE bit when EI2OS is started. Please set "0" to the ISE bit when EI2OS is
not started. When EI2OS is not started, the setting of the ICS3 to ICS0 bits are unnecessary.
• ICS1, ICS0 bits can be only write. S1, S0 bits can be only read.
46
■ Function of Each Bit in Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
● Interrupt level setting bits (IL2 to IL0)
This specifies the corresponding interrupt level in the peripheral function. A reset initializes the bit to level
7 (no interrupts). Table 4.3-2 lists the relationship between interrupt level setting bits and every interrupt
level.
Table 4.3-2 Relationship Between Interrupt Level Setting Bits and Interrupt Levels
IL2
IL1
IL0
Interrupt level
0
0
0
0 (Highest interrupt)
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
6 (Lowest interrupt)
1
1
1
7 (No interrupt)
● Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) permission bits (ISE)
When this bit is "1" at the generating interrupt request, EI2OS is started. When this bit is "0" at the
generating interrupt request, the interruption sequence is started. When the EI2OS end requirement is
satisfied (without S1, S0=00B), the ISE bit is cleared to "0". Please set "0" to the ISE bit with software
when the corresponding resource doesn't have the EI2OS function. The ISE bit is initialized to "0" by reset.
47
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
● Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) channel selection bits (ICS3 to ICS0)
The ICS3 to ICS0 bits are write only bits and specify the channel of EI2OS descriptor address is determined
depending on the value set to the ICS3 to ICS0 bits. The ICS3 to ICS0 bits are initialized to "0000B" by
reset.
Table 4.3-3 shows the relation between EI2OS channel selection bit and the descriptor address.
Table 4.3-3 Relationship Between EI2OS Channel Selection Bits and Descriptor Address
ICS3
ICS2
ICS1
ICS0
Selected channel
Descriptor address
0
0
0
0
0
000100H
0
0
0
1
1
000108H
0
0
1
0
2
000110H
0
0
1
1
3
000118H
0
1
0
0
4
000120H
0
1
0
1
5
000128H
0
1
1
0
6
000130H
0
1
1
1
7
000138H
1
0
0
0
8
000140H
1
0
0
1
9
000148H
1
0
1
0
10
000150H
1
0
1
1
11
000158H
1
1
0
0
12
000160H
1
1
0
1
13
000168H
1
1
1
0
14
000170H
1
1
1
1
15
000178H
● Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) status bits (S1, S0)
S1, S0 bits are read-only bits. Whether the state is operating or terminated can be read by confirming the
S1, S0 bits value at the end of EI2OS. S1, S0 bits are initializes to "00B" by reset.
Table 4.3-4 shows the relation between S1, S0 bit and EI2OS status.
Table 4.3-4 Relationship Between EI2OS Status Bit and EI2OS State
48
S1
S0
0
0
Operating EI2OS or inactive
0
1
Stop due to end of counting
1
0
Unused
1
1
Stop due to generation of request from resource
EI2OS state
4.4
Hardware Interrupt
Hardware interrupt is a function to temporarily stop the execution of program being
executed by the CPU in response to an interrupt request signal from the peripheral
function. It then moves control to the interrupt processing program defined by a user.
Also, μDMAC and external interrupt may be executed as a kind of hardware interrupt.
■ Hardware Interrupt Function
● Hardware interrupt function
A hardware interrupt compares the interrupt level of an interrupt request signal that is output by the
peripheral function with interrupt level mask register (ILM) in the CPU processor status (PS). It then refers
to the I-flag in the processor status (PS) to determine whether or not the interrupt is acceptable.
If the hardware interrupt is accepted, registered contents in the CPU are automatically saved to the system
stack, and the interrupt level currently requested is stored in the interrupt level mask register (ILM). In this
event, control then branches to the corresponding interrupt vector.
● Multiple interrupts
Multiple hardware interrupts can start at one time.
● μDMAC
μDMAC is an automatic transfer function between memory and I/O, and if the transfer is completed, a
hardware interrupt starts. μDMAC does not start in a multiplex manner, and if some μDMAC process is
executed, other interrupt requests and all μDMAC requests wait temporarily.
● External interrupt
An external interrupt (including wake-up interrupt) is accepted as a hardware interrupt via the peripheral
function (interrupt request detect circuit).
● Interrupt vector
Interrupt processing refers to the interrupt vector table assigned in memory addresses ranging from
"FFFC00H" to "FFFFFFH" and shared with software interrupts.
For the assignment of interrupt number and interrupt vector, see Section "4.2 Interrupt Factor and Interrupt
Vector".
49
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
■ Configuration of Hardware Interrupt
The hardware-interrupt mechanism is divided into four parts, as shown in Table 4.4-1. To use hardware
interrupts, a program must contain settings for the four locations.
Table 4.4-1 Hardware-interrupt Mechanism
Hardware-interrupt mechanism
Function
Peripheral function
Interrupt enable bit, interrupt request bit
Control of interrupt request by peripheral function
Interrupt controller
Interrupt control register (ICR)
Setting for interrupt level and controlling
μDMAC
Interrupt enable flag (I)
Identifying interrupt enable state
Interrupt level mask register (ILM)
Comparing request interrupt level with current
interrupt level
Micro-code
Executing interrupt processing routine
Interrupt vector table
Storing branch address for interrupt processing
CPU
"FFFC00H" to
"FFFFFFH" in memory
■ Suppressing Hardware Interrupt
Accepting a hardware interrupt request is suppressed under the following conditions:
● Suppressing hardware interrupts during writing to peripheral function control register area
During writing to the peripheral function control register area, no hardware interrupt requests are accepted.
This prevents incorrect interrupt-related operations by the CPU during its rewriting of the interrupt control
registers with each peripheral function. Peripheral function control register area refers not to a range of
"000000H" to "0000FFH" for the I/O addressing area, but to the areas assigned to the control register within
peripheral function control registers and data register.
Figure 4.4-1 shows hardware interrupt operations during writing to the peripheral function control register
area.
Figure 4.4-1 Hardware Interrupt Requests during Writing to Peripheral Function Control Register Area
Write instruction to peripheral function control register area
MOV A,#08
MOV io,A
Interrupt request
is issued at this point
50
MOV A,2000H
Not branched
to interrupt
Interrupt processing
Branched
to interrupt
● Suppressing hardware interrupts in the interrupt suppress instruction
Hardware interrupt suppress instruction is listed in Table 4.4-2. If a valid hardware interrupt request is
generated during execution of these instructions, the interrupt request is not executed until execution of a
subsequent instruction is completed.
Table 4.4-2 Hardware Interrupt Suppress Instruction
Prefix code
Instruction that rejects
interrupt and hold requests
PCB
DTB
ADB
SPB
CMR
NCC
Interrupt and hold suppress instruction
(instruction to delay the effect of prefix code)
MOV ILM, #imm8
OR CCR, #imm8
AND CCR, #imm8
POPW PS
● A hardware interrupt is suppressed during execution of software interrupt
When a software interrupt starts, other interrupt requests are not accepted so that the I-flag is cleared to "0".
51
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.4.1
Hardware Interrupt Operation
This section explains an operation starting from hardware interrupt request generation
until completion of interrupt processing.
■ Starting Hardware Interrupt
● Operation of peripheral function (generating an interrupt request)
The peripheral functions including hardware interrupt request functions have the "interrupt request flag"
that indicate whether or not to generate an interrupt request and "interrupt enable flag" that selects whether
to enable or disable an interrupt request to the CPU. The interrupt request flag is set when a peripheral
function specific event is generated, and it issues an interrupt request to the interrupt controller if the
interrupt enable flag is set to "enable".
● Operation of interrupt controller (control of interrupt request)
The interrupt controller compares interrupt levels (IL) in interrupt requests that are received at one time,
and selects the request of the highest level (the lowest value of IL) and notifies it to CPU. If multiple
requests have the same level, the one with the lower interrupt number has a priority.
● CPU operation (acceptance of interrupt requests and interrupt processing)
CPU compares the levels (ICR: IL2 to IL0) of received interrupts with the interrupt level mask register
(ILM). If IL < ILM and the interrupt is permitted (I = 1, in PC: CCR), the interrupt processing microcode
starts and interrupt processing is executed, after the instruction currently being executed is completed.
Interrupt processing first saves the contents of a dedicated register (12 bytes of A, DPR, ADB, DTB, PCB,
PC and PS) in the system stack (system stack space indicated by SSB and SSP). Then, it loads the interrupt
vector to the program counter (PCB, PC), updates ILM, and sets the stuffing (S) flag (i.e., sets the CCR Sflag to "1" and enables the system stack).
■ Return from Hardware Interrupt
In the interrupt processing program, if the RETI instruction is executed and the interrupt request flag of a
peripheral function that is an interrupt factor is cleared, 12 bytes of the data saved in the system stack is
returned to the dedicated register to restart the processing in progress before the interrupt branch. By
clearing the interrupt request flag, the interrupt request that the peripheral function output to the interrupt
controller is automatically removed.
52
■ Hardware Interrupt Operation
Figure 4.4-2 shows the operation from the generation of hardware interrupt until the completion of interrupt
processing.
Figure 4.4-2 Hardware Interrupt Operation
Internal data bus
PS,PC
(7)
Microcode
PS
I
ILM
IR
Check
(6)
F2MC-16LX CPU
Comparator
(5)
Other peripheral
function
(4)
(3)
Peripheral function generating
an interrupt request
Level
comparator
Enable FF
Interrupt
level IL
AND
Factor FF
(8)
(2)
(1)
Interrupt controller
RAM
IL
PS
I
ILM
IR
FF
:
:
:
:
:
:
Interrupt level setting bit for interrupt control register (ICR)
Processor status
Interrupt enable flag
Interrupt level mask register
Instruction register
Flip-flop
(1) An interrupt factor is generated in the peripheral function.
(2) If an interrupt is permitted after referring to the interrupt enable bit of the peripheral function, the
interrupt request is issued from the peripheral to the interrupt controller.
(3) The interrupt controller that receives the interrupt request also checks the priority of a requested
interrupt, and it then transfers the interrupt level (IL) corresponding to the interrupt request to the CPU.
(4) The CPU compares the interrupt level (IL) requested from the interrupt controller with the interrupt
level mask register (ILM).
(5) If the compare results have a priority higher than the current interrupt processing level, the I-flag of the
condition code register (CCR) is checked.
(6) As a result of the check in step 5, if the I-flag indicates an interrupt enable (I = 1), the interrupt
operation waits until the instruction currently being executed is completed and then sets ILM to the
requested level (IL).
(7) The contents of the resisters are saved and branched to the interrupt processing routine.
(8) Software in the user's interrupt processing routine clears the interrupt factor generated in step 1 for
executing the RETI instruction, and then interrupt processing is completed.
53
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.4.2
Flow of Hardware Interrupt Operation
If an interrupt request is generated by a peripheral function, the interrupt controller
transfers its interrupt level to the CPU. If the CPU accepts the interrupt request, the
instruction currently being executed is temporarily suspended to execute the interrupt
processing routine or to start μDMAC. If a software interrupt is generated by the INT
instruction, the interrupt processing routine is executed regardless of the CPU state.
Moreover, if a software interrupt is generated by the INT instruction, the hardware
interrupt is prohibited.
■ Hardware Interrupt Operation Flow
Figure 4.4-3 shows the hardware interrupt operation flow.
Figure 4.4-3 Flow of Hardware Interrupt Operation
START
Main program
I&IF&IE=1
AND
ILM>IL
String-type
instruction being
executed*
Interrupt start and return processing
YES
NO
ENX=1?
Reading and decoding
of next instruction
INT instruction?
YES
NO
Software
interrupt and
exception
processing
Saving dedicated registers
in the system stack
NO
YES
μDMAC processing
Has the
specified number of
times been completed?
Or did a peripheral function
issue a complete
request?
Saving dedicated registers
in the system stack
Hardware
interrupt
I 0
Hardware interrupt
prohibited
μDMAC
YES
NO
ILM IL
(If an interrupt request is
accepted, its interrupt
level is transferred to ILM.)
YES
RETI instruction?
Execution of
interrupt return
NO
Execution of normal instruction
(Including interrupt processing)
Return of dedicated registers
from system stack and then
its return to routine that
existed before calling of
interrupt routine
Completed
NO
reiteration of string-type
instruction*
S 1
(Enabling system stack)
PCB, PC Interrupt vector
(Branching to interrupt
processing routine)
YES
Moving of pointer to next
instruction if PC updated
*:
When a string-type instruction is being executed, the
interrupt condition is determined in each step.
I:
Interrupt permission flag of condition code register
(CCR)
IF : Interrupt request flag of peripheral function
IE : Interrupt permission flag of peripheral function
ILM : Interrupt level mask register (in PS)
54
ENX : Request flag executing DMA of DMA enable register
(DER)
Interrupt level setting bit in interrupt control register
IL :
(ICR)
Stack flag in condition code register (CCR)
S:
PCB : Program bank register
PC : Program counter
4.4.3
Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt
To use hardware interrupts, necessary setup including the system stack area,
peripheral functions, and interrupt control registers (ICR) must be performed.
■ Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt
Figure 4.4-4 shows an example of a procedure for using hardware interrupts.
Figure 4.4-4 Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt
Start
(1)
Setup of the system
stack area
(2)
Initial setup of
peripheral functions
(3)
Setup of ICR in the
interrupt controller
(4)
Start for the operation of
peripheral functions
The interrupt enable
bit is set to "permit"
(5)
Setup of ILM and I in PS
Interrupt processing program
Stack processing
Branches to the
interrupt vector
(8)
Execution of interrupt in
a peripheral function
(execution of an interrupt
processing routine)
(9)
Clearing of interrupt factor
(10)
Interrupt return instruction
(RETI)
(7)
Processing
by hardware
Main program
(6)
Generation of
an interrupt request
Main program
(1) The system stack area is set up.
(2) The initial setup of peripheral functions for which interrupt requests can be generated is performed.
(3) The interrupt control register (ICR) is set up in the interrupt controller.
(4) The peripheral function is set to the operation start state, and the interrupt enable bit is set to "permit".
(5) The interrupt level mask register (ILM) and interrupt enable flag (I) are set to "interrupt acceptable".
(6) A hardware interrupt request is generated by generation of a peripheral function interrupt.
(7) Interrupt processing hardware saves registers to branch to the interrupt processing program.
55
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
(8) The interrupt processing program processes peripheral functions because of interrupt generation.
(9) The interrupt request from peripheral function is canceled.
(10) The interrupt return instruction is executed, and the program is restored to what it was before
branching.
56
4.4.4
Multiple Interrupts
Multiple hardware interrupt can be executed by specifying a different interrupt level for
each interrupt level setting bit (IL0 to IL2) in the interrupt control register (ICR) in
response to multiple interrupt request from the peripheral function. μDMACs cannot be
started in duplicate, however.
■ Multiple Interrupt Operations
While an interrupt processing routine is executed, if an interrupt request with a higher level is generated,
the interrupt processing is interrupted and then the higher interrupt request is accepted. In this case, after
execution of the interrupt with the higher level is completed, the interrupt processing being stopped is
restarted. The interrupt level can be set in a range of 0 to 7, but a CPU does not accept the interrupt request
when the level is set to 7.
While an interrupt is executed, if another interrupt request with the same or lower level occurs, that
interrupt request waits until the current interrupt is completed, unless ILM is changed by the I-flag. In the
interrupt processing routine, if the I-flag in the condition code register (CCR) is set to "interrupt prohibited"
(I in CCR set to "0") or the interrupt level mask register (ILM) is set to "interrupt prohibited" (ILM set to
"000B"), the starting of multiple interrupts within the interrupt can be temporarily prohibited.
Note:
μDMAC cannot be started in duplicate. All other interrupt requests and μDMAC requests have to wait
during execution of μDMAC.
57
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
■ Example of Multiple Interrupts
Suppose a timer interrupt has priority over the A/D converter. In this case, the interrupt level of the A/D
converter is "2" whereas that of timer interrupt is "1". If a timer interrupt is generated while an A/D
converter interrupt is executed, the processing shown in the Figure 4.4-5 is performed.
Figure 4.4-5 Example of Multiple Interrupts
Main program
Peripheral (1)
initialized
A/D interrupt processing
Interrupt level 2
(ILM = 010B)
Timer interrupt processing
Interrupt level 1
(ILM = 001B)
(3) Timer interrupt
generated
A/D interrupt
(2)
generated
(4) Timer interrupt
processing
Interrupt
Restart
Main process (8)
restart
(6) A/D interrupt
processing
(5) Timer interrupt
return
(7) A/D interrupt return
● A/D interrupt generation
When the A/D converter interrupt processing starts, the interrupt level mask register (ILM) is automatically
set to the same interrupt level (i.e., 2 in this example) as that for the A/D converter (IL2 to IL0 in ICR). In
this example, if an interrupt request of level 1 or 0 is generated, the interrupt with higher priority is
executed first.
● End of interrupt processing
If interrupt processing is completed and a return instruction (RETI) is then executed, the values of the
dedicated registers (A, DPR, ADB, DTB, PCB, PC, PS) saved in the stack are returned and the values of
the interrupt level mask register (ILM) are specified to those defined before the interrupt.
58
4.4.5
Hardware Interrupt Processing Time
The time period starting from generation of a hardware interrupt request until the
execution of interrupt handling routine requires the time until the instruction currently
being executed is completed plus the interrupt processing time.
■ Hardware Interrupt Processing Time
The time period starting from generation of a hardware interrupt request and acceptance of the interrupt
until the execution of interrupt handling routine requires the interrupt request sample waiting time and
interrupt handling time (time required for preparing interrupt processing).
Figure 4.4-6 illustrates the interrupt processing time.
Figure 4.4-6 Interrupt Processing Time
Normal instruction
execution
CPU operation
Interrupt waiting time
Interrupt request
sample waiting time
Interrupt handling
Interrupt processing
routine
Interrupt handling time
( θ machine cycle)*
Interrupt request generated
: Last cycle of the instruction. The interrupt request is sampled in this part.
*
: One machine cycle corresponds with one clock interval of the machine
clock interval (φ).
● Interrupt request sample waiting time
Refers to a time period starting after an interrupt request is generated until the instruction currently being
executed is completed. Sampling is performed in the last cycle of each instruction to determine whether an
interrupt request is generated or not. Thus, during execution of each instruction, the CPU is unable to
recognize an interrupt request, resulting in a waiting time.
The interrupt request sample waiting time reaches the maximum value if an interrupt request occurs
immediately after the start of PCPW, RW0, ... RW7 instructions (45 machine cycles), which have the
longest execution cycle.
59
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
● Interrupt processing time (θ machine cycles)
After the CPU accepts an interrupt request, the CPU saves the dedicated registers in the system stack and
fetches the interrupt vector. The interrupt processing time is thus derived from the following formula:
θ = 24 + 6 x Z machine cycles
•
At interrupt start:
•
At interrupt return: θ = 11 + 6 x Z machine cycles (RETI instruction)
The interrupt processing time differs depending on the address indicated by the stack pointer. Table 4.4-3
lists correction values (Z) for interrupt processing times.
One machine cycle corresponds to a clock interval of machine clocks (φ).
Table 4.4-3 Correction Values (Z) for Interrupt Processing Times
Address pointed by stack pointer
60
Correction value (Z)
External 8 bits
+4
External even address
+1
External odd address
+4
Internal even address
0
Internal odd address
+2
4.5
Software Interrupt
Software interrupt is a function used to move control to the user-defined program for
interrupt processing from a program that the CPU is being executed if a software
interrupt instruction (INT instruction) is executed. A hardware interrupt is stopped while
a software interrupt is executed.
■ Start of Software Interrupt
● Software interrupt start
To start a software interrupt, execute the INT instruction. A software interrupt request has neither the
interrupt request flag nor enable flag. It always generates an interrupt request if the INT instruction is
executed.
● Hardware interrupt suppressed
Because the INT instruction has no interrupt levels, the interrupt level mask register (ILM) is not updated.
During INT instruction execution, the I-flag in the condition code register (CCR) is set to "0" to mask
hardware interrupts. To permit a hardware interrupt during software interrupt processing, set the I-flag to
"1" in the software interrupt processing routine.
● Software interrupt operation
If the CPU obtains the INT instruction and execute it, a microcode for software interrupt processing starts.
This microcode is used to save the registers inside the CPU in the system stack and to mask hardware
interrupts (set the I-flag in CCR to "0"), leading to branch to the corresponding interrupt vector.
For the assignment of interrupt numbers and interrupt vectors, see Section "4.2 Interrupt Factor and
Interrupt Vector".
■ Return from Software Interrupt
If an interrupt return instruction (RETI instruction) is executed in the interrupt processing program, the 12byte data saved in the system stack is restored to the dedicated registers, returning control to the processing
that was executed before the interrupt processing.
61
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
■ Software Interrupt Operation
Figure 4.5-1 shows the operation starting from software interrupt generation until interrupt processing
completion.
Figure 4.5-1 Software Interrupt Operation
Internal data bus
PS,PC
(2) Microcode
(1)
PS
I
S
IR
Queue
Fetch
RAM
PS
I
S
IR
:
:
:
:
Processor status
Interrupt enable flag
Stack flag
Instruction register
(1) Run a software interrupt instruction.
(2) Based on the microcode corresponding to the software interrupt instruction, the necessary processes are
performed, such as save of the dedicated registers. The branch processing is then executed.
(3) The RETI instruction is executed in user's interrupt processing routine to end interrupt processing.
■ Notes on Software Interrupts
If the program bank register (PCB) is set to "FFH", the CALLV instruction vector area is duplicated with
the table for INT #vct8 instructions. When creating software, make sure that the CALLV instruction and
INT #vct8 instruction have no address duplication.
62
4.6
Interrupt by μDMAC
The μDMAC controller is a simplified DMA that has the same function as EI2OS. DMA
transfers are set up using the DMA descriptor.
■ μDMAC Functions
μDMAC has the functions listed below.
•
Provides an automatic data transfer between a peripheral resource (I/O) and memory.
•
CPU program execution stops during the DMA start sequence.
•
The DMA transfer channel has 16 channels (a smaller channel number is assigned a higher DMA
transfer priority)
•
Allow selection of whether or not to increment the transfer source and transfer destination addresses.
•
The DMA transfer starts with an interrupt factor of the peripheral resource (I/O).
•
DMA transfers are controlled with the (a) DMA enable register, (b) DMA stop status register, (c) DMA
status register and (e) descriptor (assigned to a range of 000100H to 00017FH in RAM).
•
STOP requests are issued as a means to stop DMA transfers from a resource.
•
After the end of the DMA transfer, a flag is set to the bit corresponding to the transfer end channel of
the DMA status register, and an end interrupt is then output to the interrupt controller.
■ List of μDMAC Registers
● μDMAC enable register (DER)
μDMAC enable register (DER) has the bit configuration shown in the diagram below.
Figure 4.6-1 Bit Configuration of μDMAC Enable Register (DER)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0000ADH EN15
EN14
EN13
EN12
EN11
EN10
EN9
EN8
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EN7
EN6
EN5
EN4
EN3
EN2
EN1
EN0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
bit
0000ACH
15
DERH
Initial value 00000000B
DERL
Initial value 00000000B
μDMAC enable register (DER) has the bit functions listed below.
Table 4.6-1 Bit Function of μDMAC Enable Register (DER)
ENx bit
0
(Initial value)
1
Function
Outputs an interrupt request from a resource to the interrupt controller.
(An interrupt request from a resource is not used as a DMA start request).
An interrupt request output from a resource is used as a DMA start request.
Cleared to "0" when the DMA transfer byte count reaches "0".
63
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
Note:
If transiting to the standby modes (sleep mode, stop mode, watch mode, time-base timer mode) or
CPU intermittent operation modes (main clock intermittent operation mode, PLL clock intermittent
operation mode, sub clock intermittent operation mode), never forget to write "0000H" to μDMAC
enable register (DER) before transiting to the mode.
● μDMAC stop status register (DSSR)
The bit configuration of the μDMAC stop status register (DSSR) is shown below.
Figure 4.6-2 Bit Configuration of μDMAC Stop Status Register (DSSR)
bit
0000A4H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
STP7
STP6
STP5
STP4
STP3
STP2
STP1
STP0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
DSSR
Initial value 00000000B
The function of each bit in the μDMAC stop status register (DSSR) is shown below.
Table 4.6-2 Bit Function of μDMAC Stop Status Register (DSSR)
STPx bit
Function
0
(Initial value)
No STOP request is accepted in a DMA transfer.
STOP request is accepted in a DMA transfer to stop DMA operation.
STOP request is accepted the UART receive (channels 7) only.
The bits other than the bit7 are not valid.
Writing "1" by running software is not valid.
1
● μDMAC status register (DSR)
The bit configuration of the μDMAC status register (DSR) is shown below.
Figure 4.6-3 Bit Configuration of μDMAC Status Register (DSR)
bit 15
00009DH
bit
00009CH
64
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
DE15
DE14
DE13
DE12
DE11
DE10
DE9
DE8
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DE7
DE6
DE5
DE4
DE3
DE2
DE1
DE0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
DSRH
Initial value 00000000B
DSRL
Initial value 00000000B
The functions of each bit in the μDMAC status register (DSR) is shown in the table below.
Table 4.6-3 Bit Function of μDMAC Status Register (DSR)
DEx bit
Function
0
(Initial value)
1
No DMA transfer has ended.
If the DMA transfer ends, an interrupt request is output to the interrupt controller.
Note: If "1" is written, DMA transfer does not end. An interrupt is output to the interrupt controller.
■ μDMAC Operations
Figure 4.6-4 shows μDMAC operations. Data transfer using DMA is performed as described below.
(1) A peripheral resource (I/O) requests the DMA transfer.
(2) The DMA controller reads a descriptor.
(3) The transfer source, transfer destination, and transfer data count are read from the descriptor.
(4) The DMA transfer between I/O and memory starts.
(5) For no transfer end: The interrupt request of a resource is cleared.
For transfer end:
After the DMA transfer ends, the μDMAC status register is set to the transfer end flag,
thereby causing output of an interrupt request to the interrupt controller.
Figure 4.6-4 μDMAC Operations
Memory space
by IOA
I/O register
I/O register
Peripheral function
(I/O)
(1)
(3)
DMA descriptor
(3)
DER
DMA controller
(2)
by BAP
Buffer
(4)
by DCT
CPU
IOA
BAP
DER
DCT
:
:
:
:
Interrupt
controller
I/O address pointer
Buffer address pointer
DMA enable register (also selects ENx)
Data counter
65
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.6.1
DMA Descriptor
The DMA descriptor is located in internal RAM within a range from "000100H" to
"00017FH" consisting of 8 bytes x 16 channels.
■ DMA Descriptor Configuration
The DMA descriptor consists of 8 bytes x 16 channels. Each DMA descriptor has the configuration shown
in the Figure 4.6-5. Table 4.6-4 lists the relationship between channel number and DMA descriptor address.
Figure 4.6-5 Configuration of DMA Descriptor
MSB
LSB
Upper 8 bits of data counter (DCTH)
"H"
Lower 8 bits of data counter (DCTL)
Upper 8 bits of I/O register address pointer (IOAH)
Lower 8 bits of I/O register address pointer (IOAL)
DMA control register (DMACS)
Upper 8 bits of buffer address pointer (BAPH)
Middle 8 bits of buffer address pointer (BAPM)
Descriptor
header address
"L"
Lower 8 bits of buffer address pointer (BAPL)
Table 4.6-4 Relationship Between Channel Number and Descriptor Address (1 / 2)
66
μDMAC enable
register
Channel
Descriptor
address
EN0
0
000100H
INT0
EN1
1
000108H
PWC0
EN2
2
000110H
PPG0/PPG1 counter borrow
EN3
3
000118H
PPG2/PPG3 counter borrow
EN4
4
000120H
EN5
5
000128H
Input capture (channel 0) load
EN6
6
000130H
Input capture (channel 1) load
EN7
7
000138H
UART receive completed
EN8
8
000140H
Output compare (channel 0) match
EN9
9
000148H
Output compare (channel 1) match
Resource interrupt request
⎯
Table 4.6-4 Relationship Between Channel Number and Descriptor Address (2 / 2)
μDMAC enable
register
Channel
Descriptor
address
EN10
10
000150H
Output compare (channel 2) match
EN11
11
000158H
UART transmit completed
EN12
12
000160H
16-bit FRT/16-bit reload timer overflow
EN13
13
000168H
SIO1
EN14
14
000170H
SIO2
EN15
15
000178H
A/D converter
Resource interrupt request
67
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.6.2
Individual Registers of DMA Descriptor
Each DMA descriptor consists of the following registers:
• Data counter (DCT)
• I/O register address pointer (IOA)
• DMA control status register (DMACS)
• Buffer address pointer (BAP)
The registers must be initialized because their initial values become undefined when
they are reset.
■ Data Counter (DCT)
The data counter (DCT) is a register with a length of 16 bits and corresponds to the transfer data count.
After each item of data is transferred, the counter decrements by one. If this counter reaches "0", DMA
ends. Figure 4.6-6 shows the configuration of the data counter (DCT).
If the data counter (DCT) is set to "0", the maximum data transfer count (i.e., 65536) is defined.
Figure 4.6-6 Configuration of Data Counter (DCT)
DCTH
bit
DCT
15
14
13
12
B12
B15 B14 B13
DCTL
05
04
03
02
01
11
10
09
08
07
06
B03
B02
B01
B11 B10 B09 B08 B07 B06 B05 B04
00
Initial value
B00 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W : Readable/Writable
x
: Undefined
■ I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA)
The I/O register address pointer (IOA) is a register with a length of 16 bits, and it indicates the lower
address (A15 to A0) of the I/O register providing a buffer for data transfers. All of the upper addresses
(A23 to A16) are set to "0". Any I/O in a range of "000000H" to "00FFFFH" can be specified with the
address.
Figure 4.6-7 shows the configuration of the I/O register address pointer (IOA).
Figure 4.6-7 Configuration of I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA)
IOAH
bit
IOA
15
14
13
12
A15 A14 A13 A12
IOAL
05
04
03
02
01
11
10
09
08
07
06
A11 A10 A09 A08 A07 A06 A05 A04 A03 A02 A01
00
Initial value
A00 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W : Readable/Writable
x
: Undefined
68
■ DMA Control Status Register (DMACS)
The DMA control status register (DMACS) has a length of 8 bits that indicate the update or fixed state,
transfer data format (byte/word), and transfer directions for the buffer address pointer (BAP) and I/O
register address pointer (IOA). Figure 4.6-8 shows the configuration of the DMA control status register
(DMACS).
Figure 4.6-8 Configuration of DMA Control Status Register (DMACS)
bit
07
06
05
RESV RESV RESV
04
03
02
01
00
IF
BW
BF
DIR
SE
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
DMA end control bit
SE
0
1
Operation is not ended by a request from a peripheral function.
Operation is ended by a request from a peripheral function.
DIR
0
1
Data transfer direction specify bit
I/O register address pointer -> buffer address pointer
Buffer address pointer → I/O register address pointer
BF
BAP update/fixed selection bit
0
1
The buffer address pointer is updated after a data transfer.*1
BW
Transfer data length setting bit
0
1
The buffer address pointer is not updated after a data transfer.
Byte
Word
IF
IOA update/fixed selection bit
0
1
The I/O register address pointer is updated after a data transfer.*2
RESV
Reserve bit
The I/O register address pointer is not updated after a data transfer.
Always set these bits to "0".
R/W
x
*1
*2
: Readable/Writable
: Undefined
: The buffer address pointer changes at the lower 16 bits, and it can only be incremented.
: I/O register address pointer can only be incremented.
69
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
■ Buffer Address Pointer (BAP)
The buffer address pointer (BAP) has a length of 24 bits, containing the address used in the next DMA
transfer. BAP is independent from each DMA channel, so each DMA channel can transfer data between
any of 16M bytes addresses and I/O. If the BF bit (BAP update/fixed selection bit) in the DMA control
status register (DMACS) is set to "update provided", BAP changes at the lower 16 bits (BAPM and BAPL),
but the upper 8 bits (BAPH) do not change. Figure 4.6-9 shows the configuration of BAP.
Figure 4.6-9 Configuration of Buffer Address Pointer (BAP)
bit 23
BAP
16 15
BAPH
(R/W)
8 7
BAPM
(R/W)
0
BAPL
Initial value
XXXXXXH
(R/W)
R/W : Readable/Writable
X
: Undefined
Notes:
• The I/O register address pointer (IOA) can be used to specify an area ranging from "000000H" to
"00FFFFH".
• The buffer address pointer (BAP) can be used to specify an area ranging from "000000H" to
"FFFFFFH".
70
4.6.3
μDMAC Processing Procedure
If an interrupt request is generated by a peripheral resource (I/O) and the corresponding
μDMAC enable register (DER) has a setting of DMA start, then a DMA transfer is
performed. If a data transfer ends at the specified count, an interrupt request is output
to the interrupt controller.
■ μDMAC Processing Procedure
Figure 4.6-10 shows a simple μDMAC processing procedure.
Figure 4.6-10 μDMAC Processing Procedure
Software processing
Hardware processing
Start
Initial setup
Setting up of system stack area
Setup of DMA descriptor
Initial setup of peripheral
function
Setup of interrupt control
register (ICR)
Initial setup of DMA controller
Setting up of ILM and I in PS
Clearing of peripheral interrupt
(Interrupt request) and (DER: ENx = 1)
Execution of user program
DMA data transfer
Evaluation
of end request from countout event or resource
(DMA transfer end)
Clearing of peripheral
interrupt
NO
YES
DSRx=1
Clearing of DSR register
by software
RETI
DERx: DMA enable register
DSRx: DMA status register
71
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.6.4
μDMAC Processing Time
Time consumed in μDMAC processing varies with the following factors:
• Settings of DMA control status register (DMACS)
• Address (area) indicated by the I/O register address pointer (IOA)
• Address (area) indicated by the buffer address pointer (BAP)
• External data bus width for external access
• Data length of transfer data
When the μDMAC data transfer ends, a hardware interrupt starts, and then the interrupt
processing time is added.
■ μDMAC Processing Time (Time Per One-time Transfer)
● If data transfer continues
The μDMAC processing time during a continuation of a data transfer depends on the setting of DMA
control status register (DMACS), as shown in Table 4.6-5.
Table 4.6-5 μDMAC Execution Time
Setting of IOA update/fixed selection bit (IF)
BAP address update/fixed
Setting of selection bit (BF)
Note:
Fixed
Update
Fixed
17
19
Update
19
21
In units of machine cycles. One machine cycle corresponds to one clock interval of the machine
clock (φ).
Correction is required depending on the condition at μDMAC execution, as shown in Table 4.6-6.
Table 4.6-6 Correction Values of Data Transfer for μDMAC Execution Time
Internal access
External access
I/O register address pointer
B/even
Odd
B/even
8/odd
B/even
0
+2
+1
+4
Odd
+2
+4
+3
+6
B/even
+1
+3
+2
+5
8/odd
+4
+6
+5
+8
Internal access
Buffer address
pointer
External access
Note:
72
B indicates a byte data transfer, 8 indicates a word transfer with an external bus width of 8 bits,
even indicates word transfer of an even-numbered address, and odd indicates a word transfer of
an odd-numbered address.
● Transfer performance
Minimum transfer speed
1.7 μs/10 MHz (machine clock)
1.07 μs/16 MHz (machine clock)
•
Built-in I/O → built-in RAM; or built-in RAM → built-in I/O without address increment
•
Even-numbered address → even-numbered address or 8-bit access
Maximum transfer speed
2.8 μs/10 MHz (machine clock)
1.75 μs/16 MHz (machine clock)
Table 4.6-7 indicates the correction values for interrupt handling time.
Table 4.6-7 Correction Values (Z) for Interrupt Handling Time
Address indicated by stack pointer
Correction value (Z)
External 8 bits
+4
External even-numbered address
+1
External odd-numbered address
+4
Internal even-numbered address
0
Internal odd-numbered address
+2
● If a transfer is ended with an end request from a peripheral function (I/O)
If the μDMAC data transfer ends partway (DEx = 1) because of an end request by a peripheral function (I/
O), the data transfer fails and a hardware interrupt starts. The μDMAC processing time in this case is
calculated with the following formula. Z in the formula indicates a correction value for interrupt processing
time (see Table 4.6-7).
The μDMAC processing time if a transfer ends partway is:
36 + 6 x Z machine cycle
where one machine cycle corresponds to one clock interval of the machine clock (φ).
73
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.7
Interrupt by Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)
Extended Intelligent I/O Services (EI2OS) are a function that automatically transfers data
between the peripheral function (resource) and RAM. After completion of the data
transfer, hardware interruptions will occur.
■ Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)
Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) is a kind of the hardware interrupt. Extended Intelligent I/O
Service is a function that transfers data between the I/O area and RAM. Customer can have data transfers
performed just by creating in advance a completion program and a setting program for the EI2OS
activation.
● Advantages of EI2OS
The advantages over interruption processing routine-based data transfers are as follows:
• Since the creation of transfer program is not required, the program size can be reduced.
• Because the transfer is activated by the interrupt source of peripheral function (resource), the data
transfer source needs not to be set for polling.
• Transferring address increment can be set.
• Increment and no update of I/O register address ca be set.
● Interrupt by EI2OS termination
Upon completion of the EI2OS data transfer(s), the completion condition branches to the interrupt routine.
The factor for an EI2OS completion can be confirmed by checking the EI2OS status bit (ICR:S1,S0) by the
interruption processing program. Interrupt number and interrupt vector are fixed by each peripheral
function. For details, see "4.2 Interrupt Factor and Interrupt Vector".
● Interrupt control register (ICR)
EI2OS activation, EI2OS channel can be set. And EI2OS status at EI2OS end can be confirmed.
● EI2OS descriptor (ISD)
This is an 8-byte × 16-channel register that is deployed in the “000100H” to “00017FH” area of built-in
RAM and used to specify the transfer mode, address of peripheral function (resource), number of bytes to
be transferred and destination address. A channel number is allocated to each of these channels by the
interrupt control register (ICR: ICS3 to ICS0).
Note:
The CPU stops while the EI2OS is in operation.
74
■ Operation of EI2OS
Figure 4.7-1 Operation of EI2OS
Memory Space
Peripheral function (Resource)
by I/OA
Resource
register
Resource register
(5)
CPU
Interrupt request
(3)
ISD
(3)
by ICS
(2)
(1)
Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
Interrupt controller
by BAP
(4)
Buffer
Count by DCT
ISD : EI2OS descriptor
I/OA : I/O address pointer
BAP : Buffer address pointer
ICS : EI2OS channel select bit of Interrupt control register (ICR)
DCT : Data counter
(1) The EI2OS will be activated from the peripheral function (resource).
(2) The interruption controller sets the EI2OS descriptor according to the interrupt control register (ICR)
setting.
(3) The address pointers for the transfer origination or destination are read from the EI2OS descriptor.
(4) The data is transferred based on the address pointers for the transfer origination and destination.
(5) The interrupt request flag bit of the peripheral function is cleared after the data transferring completed.
75
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.7.1
EI2OS descriptor (ISD)
EI2OS descriptor (ISD) which is in "000100H" to "00017FH" of built-in RAM is consists of
8-byte x 16 channels.
■ Configuration of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD)
ISD comprises 8-byte x 16 channels.
Figure 4.7-2 Configuration of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD)
MSB
Data counter upper 8bit (DCTH)
LSB
"H"
Data counter lower 8bit (DCTL)
I/O address pointer upper 8bit (IOAH)
I/O address pointer lower 8bit (IOAL)
EI2OS Status register(ISCS)
Buffer address pointer upper 8bit (BAPH)
Buffer address pointer middle 8bit (BAPM)
ISD Starting Address
(000100H + 8 × ICS)
MSB: Highest bit
LSB: Lowest bit
76
Buffer address pointer lower 8bit (BAPL)
"L"
Table 4.7-1 Relation Between Channel Number and Descriptor Address
Channel
Descriptor address*
0
000100H
1
000108H
2
000110H
3
000118H
4
000120H
5
000128H
6
000130H
7
000138H
8
000140H
9
000148H
10
000150H
11
000158H
12
000160H
13
000168H
14
000170H
15
000178H
*:The address of ISD indicates the first address of 8-byte.
77
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
Each Register of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD)
4.7.2
Extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) descriptor (ISD) is configurated by following 4
types of 8-byte registers.
• Data counter (DCT: 2 bytes)
• I/O register address pointer (IOA: 2 bytes)
• EI2OS status register (ISCS: 1 byte)
• Buffer address pointer (BAP: 3 bytes)
The register reset values will become indeterminate.
■ Data Counter (DCT)
Data counter (DCT) is 16-bit register. Specifies the number of bytes of transfer data. When a data transfer
is made, 1 is decremented. When the data counter (DCT) value becomes “0000H”, the EI2OS is completed.
Figure 4.7-3 Configuration of Data Counter (DCT)
DCTL
DCTH
bit
15 14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Initial value
0
DCT B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B09 B08 B07 B06 B05 B04 B03 B02 B01 B00
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/Writable
X : Undefined
■ I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA)
I/O register address pointer (IOA) is 16-bit register. Specifies the lower-order address (A15 to A0) for the
data transfer. The higher-order address (A23 to A16) is set to “00H”. The area from “000000H” to
“00FFFFH” can be used when specifying an address.
Figure 4.7-4 Configuration of I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA)
I/OAH
bit
15 14
IOA
13
12
11
I/OAL
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A09 A08 A07 A06 A05 A04 A03 A02 A01 A00
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/Writable
X
:Undefined
78
Initial value
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXB
■ EI2OS Status Register (ISCS)
EI2OS status register (ISCS) is 8-bit register. The methods to renew the buffer address pointer and I/O
address pointer, the transfer data type (byte/word) and the transfer direction can be specified.
Figure 4.7-5 Configuration of EI2OS Status Register (ISCS)
bit
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
IF
BW
BF
DIR
SE
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W R/W
R/W
R/W R/W
XXXXXXXXB
El2OS termination control bit
SE
0
Don't terminate by the termination request from a peripheral resource.
1
Terminate by the termination request from a peripheral resource.
Data transfer direction specification bit
DIR
0
I/O register address pointer → transfer to Buffer address pointer
1
Buffer address pointer → transfer to I/O register address pointer
BAP update/fixed selection bit
BF
0
Update Buffer address pointer after completion transfer. *1
1
Don't update Buffer address pointer after completion transfer.
Transfer data data length specification bit
BW
0
Byte
1
Word
IF
I/OA update/fixed selection bit
0
Update I/O register address pointer after completion transfer. *2
1
Don't update I/O register address pointer after completion transfer.
Reserved
Reserved bit
Always set this bit to "0".
R/W : Readable/Writable
X : Undefined
*1 : Buffer address pointer varies only in the lower 16 bits and can be incremented.
*2 : I/O register address pointer allows only incrementing.
79
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
■ Buffer Address Pointer (BAP)
Buffer address pointer (BAP) is 24-bit register. EI2OS operation set the memory address of the data
transferring source. Buffer address pointer exists in each channel. So, the data can be transferring between
the 16M-byte memory address and the peripheral function (resource) address. If the BAP updated/fixed
setting bit (BF) is set to "0", the lower 16-bit (BAPM, BAPL) is incremented, and the higher 8-bit (BAPH)
is not incremented.
• The maximum transfer count that can be set by the data counter (DCT) is 65,536 (64K bytes).
• The area that can be set by the I/O address pointer (IOA) is “000000H” to “00FFFFH”.
• The area that can be set by the buffer address pointer (BAP) is “000000H” to “FFFFFFH”.
Figure 4.7-6 Configuration of Buffer Address Pointer (BAP)
bit23
BAP
to
BAPH
(R/W)
R/W: Readable/Writable
X
: Undefined
80
bit16 bit15
to
bit8 bit7
to
BAPM
BAPL
(R/W)
(R/W)
bit0
Initial value
XXXXXXH
4.7.3
Operation of EI2OS
CPU transfers the data by EI2OS, when the interrupt request is output from the
peripheral function (resource) and the interrupt control register has been set to the start
of EI2OS. When the EI2OS operation ends, hardware interrupt is done.
■ Flowchart of Operation of EI2OS
Figure 4.7-7 Flowchart of Operation of EI2OS
Interrupt request generation
of Peripheral function
ISE=1
NO
YES
Interrupt processing
ISD/ISCS Read
With
finish request
from peripheral
functions?
YES
YES
SE=1
NO
NO
DIR=1
ISD
: EI2OS descriptor
ISCS : EI2OS status register
: IOA update/fixed selection bit
IF
: Data transfer length specification bit
BW
: BAP update/fixed selection bit
BF
DIR : Data transfer direction specification bit
: EI2OS termination control bit
SE
DCT : Data counter
: I/O address pointer
IOA
BAP : Buffer address pointer
: EI2OS enable bit (ICR)
ISE
S1, S0 : EI2OS status (ICR)
YES
NO
Data is set to IOA
(data transfer)
Memory is set to BAP
Data is set to BAP
(data transfer)
Memory is set to IOA
YES
IF=0
NO
Renewal value
depends on BW.
IOA Update
Renewal value
depends on BW.
BAP Update
YES
BF=0
NO
DCT decrement
DCT=00B
(-1)
YES
EI2OS End processing
NO
Set S1, S0 to "00B"
Set S1, S0 to "01B"
Set S1, S0 to "11B"
Clear Peripheral function
interrupt request
Clear ISE to "0"
CPU Operation return
Interruption processing
81
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
Procedure for Use of EI2OS
4.7.4
The setting of extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) is set by the system stack area,
the extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) descriptor, the peripheral function
(resource), and the interrupt control register (ICR).
■ Procedure for Use of EI2OS
Figure 4.7-8 Procedure for Use of EI2OS
Software processing
Hardware processing
START
Initialization
Setting System stack area
Setting EI2OS descriptor
Initializing peripheral function
Setting Interrupt control
register (ICR)
Set the built-in resource
to start operation
Set the
interrupt enable bit (ICR)
Setting ILM,I in PS
S1,S0 = 00B
(Interrupt request) and (ISE=1)
Execute User program
Data transfer
Decide whether to count out NO
or to branch to an interrupt
by termination request from
resource
(Branch to interrupt vector)
Re-setting of extended
intelligent I/O service
(Switching channels)
Process data in the buffer
RETI
ISE : Enable bit of interrupt control register (ICR)
S1,S0 : EI2OS status of interrupt control register (ICR)
82
YES
S1,S0 = 01B or
S1,S0 = 11B
4.7.5
Processing Time of the Extended Intelligent I/O Service
(EI2OS)
The time required for processing the extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) depends
on setting of the extended intelligent I/O service descriptor (ISD).
•
•
•
•
•
EI2OS status register (ISCS) setting
Address (setting) pointed to by the I/O register address pointer (IOA)
Address (setting) pointed to by the buffer address pointer (BAP)
External data bus width for external access
Transfer data length
Because the hardware interrupt is activated when data transfer by EI2OS terminates, the
interrupt handling time is added.
■ Processing Time (One Transfer Time) of the Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)
● When data transfer continues
The EI2OS processing time for data transfer continuation is shown in Table 4.7-2 based on the EI2OS status
register (ISCS) setting.
Table 4.7-2 Extended Intelligent I/O Service Execution Time
EI2OS termination control bit (SE) setting
Terminates due to termination
request from the peripheral
IOA update/fixed selection bit (IF) setting
BAP address update/fixed
selection bit (BF) setting
Ignores termination request
from the peripheral
Fixed
Update
Fixed
Update
Fixed
32
34
33
35
Updated
34
36
35
37
Unit: Machine cycle (One machine cycle corresponds to one clock cycle of the machine clock, φ).
As shown in Table 4.7-3, interpolation is necessary for the EI2OS processing time when the data transfer is
continued depending on the EI2OS execution condition.
Table 4.7-3 Data Transfer Interpolation Value for EI2OS Execution Time
Internal access
External access
I/O register address pointer
Internal access
Buffer address pointer
External access
B
8
Even
Odd
B/Even
Odd
B/Even
8/Odd
B/Even
0
+2
+1
+4
Odd
+2
+4
+3
+6
B/Even
+1
+3
+2
+5
8/Odd
+4
+6
+5
+8
: Byte data transfer
: External bus width using the 8-bit word transfer
: Even-numbered address word transfer
: Odd-numbered address word transfer
83
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
● When the data counter (DCT) count terminates (final data transfer)
Because the hardware interrupt is activated when data transfer by EI2OS terminates, the interrupt handling
time is added. The EI2OS processing time when counting terminates is calculated with the following
formula:
EI2OS processing time when counting terminates = EI2OS processing time when data is transferred (21 + 6 × Z) machine cycle
↑
Interrupt handling time
The interrupt handling time is different for the address stored by the stack pointer.
Table 4.7-4 Interpolation Value (Z) for the Interrupt Handling Time
Address pointed to by the stack pointer
Interpolation value (Z)
External interrupt is 8-bit
+4
External interrupt is even-numbered address
+1
External interrupt is odd-numbered address
+4
Internal interrupt is even-numbered address
0
Internal interrupt is odd-numbered address
+2
● For termination by a termination request from the peripheral function (resource)
When data transfer by EI2OS is terminated before completion due to a termination request from the
peripheral function (resource) (ICR: S1, S0 = 11B), the data transfer is not performed and a hardware
interrupt is activated. The EI2OS processing time is calculated with the following formula. Z in the formula
indicates the interpolation value for the interrupt handling time (Table 4.7-4).
EI2OS processing time for termination before completion = 36 + 6 × Z machine cycle
Reference:
One machine cycle corresponds to one clock cycle of the machine clock (φ).
84
4.8
Exception Processing Interrupt
In the F2MC-16LX, the execution of an undefined instruction results in exception
processing.
Exception processing is basically the same as an interrupt. When the generation of an
exception processing is detected on the instruction boundary, ordinary processing is
interrupted and exception processing is executed.
Because exception processing occurs as the result of an unexpected operation, it
should be used only to activate recovery software required for debugging or an
emergency.
■ Exception Processing due to Execution of Undefined Instruction
● Exception processing operation
The F2MC-16LX handles all codes that are not defined in the instruction map as undefined instructions.
When an undefined instruction is executed, processing equivalent to the INT #10 software interrupt
instruction is executed. The following processing is executed before exception processing branches to the
interrupt routine:
• The A, DPR, ADB, DTB, PCB, PC and PS registers are saved to the system stack.
• The I flag of the condition code register (CCR) is cleared to "0", and hardware interrupts are suppressed.
• The S flag of the condition code register (CCR) is set to "1", and the system stack is enabled.
The program counter (PC) value saved to the stack is an address where the undefined instruction is stored.
For 2-byte or longer instruction codes, the code identified as undefined is stored at this address. When the
exception factor type must be determined within the exception processing routine, use the saved PC value.
● Return from exception processing
When returning by the RETI instruction from exception processing, exception processing is performed
again because the PC is pointing to the undefined instruction. Take measures such as resetting software.
85
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.9
Stack Operation of Interrupt Processing
If an interrupt is accepted, contents of the dedicated registers are automatically saved
in the system stack before branching to interrupt processing. Return from the stack is
also automatically performed when interrupt processing is completed.
■ Stack Operation when Interrupt Processing Starts
With an accepted interrupt, CPU automatically saves the contents of the current dedicated registers in the
system stack in the following sequence:
1. Accumulator (A)
2. Direct page register (DPR)
3. Additional data bank register (ADB)
4. Data bank register (DTB)
5. Program bank register (PCB)
6. Program counter (PC)
7. Processor status (PS)
Figure 4.9-1 shows the stack operation when interrupt processing starts.
Figure 4.9-1 Stack Operation at Start of Interrupt Processing
Immediately
before interrupt
SSB
SSP
A
Address
08FFH
08FEH
00H
08FEH
0000H 08FEH
AH
AL
DPR
01H
ADB 00H
DTB
00H
PCB FFH
PC
803FH
PS
20E0H
08F2H
Immediately
after interrupt
Memory
SSB
Address
08FFH
08FEH
00H
SP
XXH "H"
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH
XXH "L"
XXH
SSP
A
Memory
08F2H
0000H 08FEH
AH
AL
DPR
01H
ADB
00H
DTB
00H
PCB
FFH
PC
803FH
PS
20E0H
Byte
08F2H
SP
00H
00H
08H
FEH
01H
00H
00H
FFH
80H
3FH
20H
E0H
Byte
AH
AL
DPR
ADP
DTB
PCB
PC
PS
SP after
updating
■ Stack Operation during Return from Interrupt Processing
At the end of interrupt processing, if the interrupt return instruction (RSTI) is executed, PS, PC, PCB, DTB,
ADB, DPR, and A values are returned from the stack in the reverse order of the start of the interrupt
processing. The dedicated registers are then restored to their previous state (i.e., immediately before the
interrupt started).
86
■ Stack Area
● Assigning the stack area
The stack area is used for storage and return of the program counter (PC) required for executing interrupt
processing, subroutine call instruction (CALL) and vector call instruction (CALLV), as well as temporary
save and return of registers executed by using the PUSHW and POPW instructions. The stack area is
assigned in RAM in addition to the data area.
Figure 4.9-2 shows the stack area.
Figure 4.9-2 Stack Area
Vector table
FFFFFFH
(Reset/interrupt
vector call instructions) FFFC00H
ROM area
FC0000H*1
003100H*2
Built-in RAM area
Stack area
000380H
General-purpose
register bank area
000180H
000100H
0000D0H
000000H
Built-in I/O area
*1 Built-in ROM capacity differs depending on the product type.
*2 Built-in RAM capacity differs depending on the product type.
Notes:
• If specifying addresses of the stack pointers (SSP and USP), specify them with even numbers.
• Assign the system stack area, user stack area, and data area while avoiding duplication with one
another.
● System stack and user stack
Interrupt processing uses the system stack area. Even if the user stack area is being used when an interrupt
occurs, it is forcibly switched to the system stack. Thus, the system that primarily uses the user stack area
must also correctly prepare the system stack area. Use only the system stack unless the stack space must be
separated.
87
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.10
Sample Program of Interrupt Processing
A sample program for interrupt processing is shown below.
■ Sample Program for Interrupt Processing
● Processing specification
An example of an interrupt program using external interrupt 0 (INT0) is shown.
Sample coding from the program is shown below.
[Coding example]
DDR1
ENIR
EIRR
ELVR
ICR00
STACK
EQU
000011H
;Port 1 direction register
EQU
028H
;Interrupt/DTP enable register
EQU
029H
;Interrupt/DTP flag
EQU
02AH
;Request level set register
EQU
0B0H
;Interrupt control register
SSEG
;Stack
RW
100
STACK_T RW
1
STACK
ENDS
;-----------Main program----------------------------------------------------CODE
CSEG
START:
MOV
RP,#0
;General-purpose register use of
header bank
MOV
ILM,#07H
;PS:ILM is set to level 7
MOV
A,#!STACK_T
;Setting of system stack
MOV
SSB,A
MOVW
A,#STACK_T
;Setting of stack pointer, where
MOVW
SP,A
;it is set to SSP since S-flag = 1
MOV
DDR1,#00000000B
;P10/INT0 pin is set to input
OR
CCR,#40H
;I-flag in PS:CCR is set for interrupt ena
MOV
I:ICR00,#00H
;Interrupt set to level 0 (highest)
MOV
I:ELVR,#00000001B
;INT0 is set to H-level request
MOV
I:EIRR,#00H
;INT0 interrupt factor cleared
MOV
I:ENIR,#01H
;INT0 input enable
:
LOOP:
NOP
;Dummy loop
NOP
NOP
NOP
BRA
LOOP
;Unconditional jump
;-----------Interrupt program-------------------------------------------ED_INT1:
MOV
I:EIRR,#00H
;Prohibition of acceptance of new
;INT0
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
RETI
;Return from interrupt
CODE
ENDS
;-----------Vector setting--------------------------------------------------VECT
CSEG
ABS=OFFH
ORG
OFFDOH
;Vector is set to interrupt #11(0BH)
DSL
ED_INT1
ORG
OFFDCH
;Reset vector setting
DSL
START
DB
00H
;Set to single chip mode
VECT
ENDS
END
START
88
4.11
Delay Interrupt Generation Module
The delay interrupt generation module is a module that generates an interrupt for task
switching. Using this module allows generation and clearing of an interrupt request to
the F2MC-16LX CPU by software.
■ Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Generation Module
Figure 4.11-1 is a block diagram of the delay interrupt generation module.
Figure 4.11-1 Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Event Module
F2MC-16LX bus
Delay interrupt request generate/clear decoder
Factor latch
■ List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation Module
The delay interrupt generation module, delay interrupt factor originate/clear register (DIRR: delayed
interrupt request register), has the register configuration shown below.
Figure 4.11-2 Register Configuration of Delay Interrupt Generation Module
bit
15
14
00009FH
13
12
11
10
9
8
Initial value
R0
-------0B
R/W
R/W: Readable/Writable
The delay interrupt factor originate/clear register (DIRR) is a register used to generate/clear the delay
interrupt factor. Writing "1" to the register results in a request to delay an interrupt, and writing "0" clears
the delay interrupt request. Resetting causes the factor clear state. Either "0" or "1" can be written to the
reserve bit area. For future expansion, however, Fujitsu recommends using the set bit or clear bit
instructions to access this register.
89
CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT
4.11.1
Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation Module
If CPU writes "1" to the relevant DIRR bit with software, the request latch in the delay
interrupt generation module is set to generate an interrupt request to the interrupt
controller.
■ Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation Module
If CPU writes "1" to the relevant DIRR bit with software, the request latch in the delay interrupt generation
module is set to generate an interrupt request to the interrupt controller. If other interrupt requests have a
priority lower than this interrupt or there are no other interrupt requests, the interrupt controller generates
an interrupt to the F2MC-16LX CPU. The F2MC-16LX CPU compares the interrupt request with the ILM
bit in the internal CCR register, and if the request level is higher than that of the ILM bit, the hardware
interrupt processing micro-program starts immediately after the instruction currently being executed is
completed. As a result, the interrupt routine for this interrupt is executed. By writing "0" to the relevant
DDIR bit within the interrupt processing routine, this interrupt factor is cleared and the task is switched.
The above operation flow is illustrated in the Figure 4.11-3.
Figure 4.11-3 Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation Module
Delay interrupt originate module
Interrupt controller
F2MC-16LX CPU
Other
request
ICRYY
DIRR
IL
CMP
ICRXX
CMP
ILM
INTA
■ Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module (Delay Interrupt Request Latch)
This latch is set by writing "1" to the relevant DIRR bit, and cleared by writing "0" to the same bit. Be sure
to create software so that a factor is cleared in the interrupt processing routine. Otherwise, interrupt
processing starts soon after the system returns from interrupt factor processing.
90
CHAPTER 5
RESET
This chapter explains reset for the MB90980 series.
5.1 Overview of Reset
5.2 Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
5.3 External-Reset Pin
5.4 Resetting
5.5 Reset-Factor Bits
5.6 Condition of Pins as Result of Reset
91
CHAPTER 5 RESET
5.1
Overview of Reset
If a reset factor occurs, the CPU immediately stops the processing currently in progress
and stands by for cancellation of the reset. After the reset is canceled, processing
starts at the address specified by the reset vector.
A reset is triggered by the following four factors:
• Power-on reset
• Watchdog timer overflow
• External reset request from RST pin
• Software reset request
■ Reset Factors
Table 5.1-1 summarizes the reset factors.
Table 5.1-1 Reset Factors
Reset
Reset factor
Machine clock
Watchdog
timer
Waits until
oscillation is
stabilized?
Power on
When power is turned on
Main clock (MCLK)
Stopped
Yes
Watchdog timer
Watchdog timer overflow
Main clock (MCLK)
Stopped
No
External pin
"L"-level input to pin RST
Main clock (MCLK)
Stopped
No
Software
"0" is written in internal reset signal bit
(RST) of low-power consumption mode
control register (LPMCR)
Main clock (MCLK)
Stopped
No
Main clock: clock of oscillation clock divided by two
● Power-on reset
A power-on reset occurs when the power is turned on. The oscillation stabilization wait time is fixed at 217/
HCLK (about 32.77 ms where the oscillation clock is 4 MHz). A reset is performed after the end of the
oscillation stabilization wait time.
● Watchdog reset
A watchdog reset is triggered by a watchdog timer overflow if "0" is not written in the watchdog control bit
(WTE) of the watchdog timer control register (WDTC) within a preset time after the watchdog timer is
activated. The oscillation stabilization wait time can be specified in the clock selection register (CKSCR).
92
● External reset
An external reset is triggered by input of the "L" level to the external-reset pin (pin RST). More than 16
machine cycles (16/φ) is required for the "L"-level input time to pin RST.
An external reset (pin RST input reset) does not require the oscillation stabilization wait time.
After an instruction processing ends, the reset cancellation waiting state is set only when a reset request is
issued via pin RST because of the event where a reset factor is triggered during writing (such as the MOV
instruction while a transfer instruction is being executed). Writing thus ends normally even if a reset is
input during writing.
However, string instructions (such as the MOVS instruction) accept a reset before a transfer completes at
the specified count, so the transfer of all data cannot be assured. Reset requests are also accepted when a
bus cycle extension with pin RDY continues for more than 16 machine cycles during external bus access.
● Software reset
In a software reset, an internal reset is triggered by writing "0" in the internal reset signal bit (RST) of the
low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR). A software reset does not require the oscillation
stabilization wait time.
Definition of clock
HCLK: Oscillation clock (clock supplied via high-speed oscillation pin)
MCLK: Main clock (clock of HCLK divided by two)
SCLK: Sub clock (clock divided by four, supplied via low-speed oscillation pin)
φ: Machine clock (CPU operation clock)
1/φ: Machine cycle (CPU operation clock period)
Refer to Section "6.1 Overview of Clocks", for a detailed information on machine clocks.
Note:
The oscillation stabilization wait time of 217/HCLK (about 32.77 ms where the oscillation clock is
4 MHz) is required if a reset is triggered in the stop mode or the sub clock mode.
Refer to Section "6.4 Clock Modes", for a detailed information on clock modes.
93
CHAPTER 5 RESET
5.2
Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
The four types of reset factors can occur in the MB90980 series devices. The oscillation
stabilization wait time during a reset varies depending on the reset factor.
■ Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Table 5.2-1 summarizes the reset factors and the oscillation stabilization wait time.
Table 5.2-1 Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Oscillation stabilization wait time
The value in parentheses ( ) is a period when oscillation clock is 4 MHz
Reset factors
Power-on reset
217/HCLK (about 32.77 ms)
Watchdog timer
None: Bits WS1 and WS0 are initialized to "11B".
External reset via pin RST
None: Bits WS1 and WS0 are initialized to "11B".
Software reset
None: Bits WS1 and WS0 are initialized to "11B".
HCLK: Oscillation clock
WS1, WS0: Bits for selecting oscillation stabilization wait time of clock selection register (CKSCR)
Figure 5.2-1 shows the oscillation stabilization wait time for evaluation devices, FLASH devices, and mask
devices during a power-on reset.
Figure 5.2-1 Waiting Times to Stable Oscillation for Evaluation Devices/Flash Memory Devices and Mask
ROM Devices during Power-on Reset
Evaluation device
Vcc
217/HCLK
217/HCLK
CLK
CPU operation
Stabilization
wait time
of regulator
oscillation
stabilization
wait time
Mask device/FLASH device
Vcc
217/HCLK
CLK
CPU operation
oscillation stabilization
wait time
HCLK: Oscillation clock
94
Note:
Ceramic and crystal oscillators generally require an oscillation stabilization wait time ranging from
several milliseconds to several ten milliseconds after the start of oscillation until oscillation stabilizes
at a specific frequency. Therefore, specify a oscillation stabilization wait time suitable for the
oscillator used.
Refer to Section "6.5 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time", for more information.
■ Reset State Waiting for Stable Oscillation
A reset during the power-on sequence and a reset in response to a reset request in the stop and sub clock
modes is performed after the end of the oscillation stabilization wait time created by the time-base timer. In
this event, a reset is performed after an external reset is canceled unless external reset input is cleared.
95
CHAPTER 5 RESET
5.3
External-Reset Pin
The external-reset pin (pin RST) is a pin dedicated for the input of resets, and it triggers
an internal reset by input of the "L" level. The MB90980 series devices have resets
synchronized to the CPU operation clock. However, only external pins (e.g., I/O ports)
change asynchronously to a reset state.
■ Block Diagram of External-reset Pin
Figure 5.3-1 shows the block diagram of internal reset.
Figure 5.3-1 Block Diagram of Internal Reset
CPU operation clock
(PLL multiplier circuit, clock
of HCLK divided by two)
RST
CPU
P-ch
Synchronization
circuit
Pin
N-ch
Input buffer
Peripheral
function
I/O ports, etc.
HCLK: Oscillation clock
Note:
To prevent damage to the memory contents by a reset during writing, input to pin RST is accepted in
a cycle that precludes damage to memory contents.
A clock is required to initialize internal circuits. Input of a clock is required during input of a reset
when an external clock is used for operation.
96
5.4
Resetting
After the cancellation of a reset, a read from operation of mode data and the reset
vector can be selected by setting the mode pin to perform mode fetching. Mode fetching
determines the CPU operation mode and the start address of execution after the end of
a reset. When the power is turned on or when the system is returned from the stopmode by a reset, perform mode fetching after the end of the oscillation stabilization wait
time.
■ Overview of Resetting
Figure 5.4-1 shows the flow of resetting.
Figure 5.4-1 Flow of Resetting
Power-on reset
Stop mode
Sub clock mode
Reset in progress
Mode fetching
(reset)
External reset
Software reset
Watchdog timer reset
Reset state to wait for
stable oscillation
Fetch of mode data
Pin state and function changes
related to external bus mode
Fetch of reset vector
Normal operation
(run state)
Fetch of instruction code
from addresses indicated
by a reset vector, and
execution of instruction
■ Mode Pins
Mode pins (MD2 to MD0) specify a method to fetch reset vectors and mode data. A reset vector and mode
data are fetched in a sequence for resetting. Refer to Section "8.2 Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0)", for details of
the mode pins.
97
CHAPTER 5 RESET
■ Mode Fetch
After a reset is canceled, the CPU transfers the reset vectors and mode data to the applicable registers in the
CPU core. The reset vectors and mode data are allocated to four bytes, namely "FFFFDCH" to "FFFFDFH".
Upon a reset cancellation, the CPU immediately outputs these addresses to a bus and fetches reset vectors
and mode data. During mode fetching, the CPU starts processing from the address specified by the reset
vector.
Figure 5.4-2 shows transfer of reset vectors and mode data.
Figure 5.4-2 Transfer of Reset Vectors and Mode Data
F2MC-16LX CPU Core
Memory space
FFFFDFH
Mode data
FFFFDEH
Reset vector bits 23 to 16
FFFFDDH
Reset vector bits 15 to 8
FFFFDCH
Reset vector bits 7 to 0
Mode
register
Micro ROM
Sequence for
resetting
PCB
PC
Note:
Use a mode pin, from which reset vectors and mode data are read, to specify either internal ROM or
external memory. If the external vector mode is specified with a mode pin, however, external
memory and not internal ROM is accessed to read reset vectors and mode data. Fujitsu
recommends specifying the internal vector mode with a mode pin when the single-chip mode and
internal ROM external bus mode are used.
● Mode data (Address: FFFFDFH)
The data in the mode register can be modified only by a reset, and the mode register settings become
effective after a reset. Refer to Section "8.3 Mode Data", for details on mode data.
● Reset vector (Address: FFFFDCH to FFFFDEH)
Write the execution start address after the end of a reset. Execution starts from this address.
98
5.5
Reset-Factor Bits
Reset factors can be determined by reading the watchdog timer control register
(WDTC).
■ Reset-Factor Bits
As shown in the Figure 5.5-1, each reset factor has a corresponding flip-flop assigned to it. This
information can be obtained by reading the watchdog timer control register (WDTC). If a reset factor must
be determined after a reset cancellation, run software to process the read value of the WDTC register, and
branch to an appropriate program.
Figure 5.5-1 Block Diagram of Reset-Factor Bits
Pin RST
Power-on
detection
circuit
External reset
request
detection
circuit
Watchdog timer
control register
(WDTC)
S
F/F
Q
R
No periodic
clearing
RST="L"
Power on
S
S
R
F/F
Watchdog
timer reset
detection
circuit
R
LPMCR and RST
bit writing detection
circuit
S
F/F
Q
Q
RST bit set
F/F
R
Delay circuit
Q
Reading of
watchdog timer
control register
(WDTC)
F2MC-16LX Internal bus
S: Set; R: Reset; Q: Output; F/F: Flip-flop
99
CHAPTER 5 RESET
■ Correspondence Between Reset-Factor Bits and Reset Factors
Figure 5.5-2 shows the configuration of the reset-factor bits for the watchdog timer control register
(WDTC). Table 5.5-1 shows the correspondence between reset-factor bits and reset factors.
For details, refer to Section "11.2 Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC)".
Figure 5.5-2 Configuration of Reset-Factor Bits (Watchdog Timer Control Register)
bit
0000A8H
15 to 8
(TBTC)
7
6
5
4
PONR Reserved WRST ERST
X
R
X
R
X
R
3
SRST
2
WTE
1
WT1
0
WT0
X
R
1
W
1
W
1
W
X
R
Initial value
R/W
R: Read only; W: Write only
Table 5.5-1 Correspondence Between Reset-Factor Bits and Reset Factors
Reset factor
PONR
WRST
ERST
SRST
Power-on reset
1
X
X
X
Watchdog timer overflow
*
1
*
*
External reset request via pin RST
*
*
1
*
Software reset request
*
*
*
1
Note: An asterisk (*) indicates an undefined bit.
■ Cautions about Reset-Factor Bits
● If more than one reset factor occurs
If more than one reset factor occurs, the individual reset-factor bits of the WDTC register are set to "1". For
example, if an external reset via pin RST is requested at the same time as a watchdog timer overflow
occurs, bits ERST and WRST of the reset-factor bits are set to "1".
● Power-on reset
During a power-on reset, bit PONR of the reset-factor bits is set to "1". However, the reset-factor bits other
than bit PONR are undefined. Therefore, if bit PONR is "1", create software so that reset-factor bits other
than bit PONR are ignored.
● Clearing reset-factor bits
The reset-factor bits is cleared only if the data in the WDTC register is read. Bits corresponding to reset
factors that have occurred once are not cleared even if a reset is triggered (remains "1").
Note:
The values of the WDTC register may not be assured if the power is turned on under a condition that
precludes a power-on reset.
100
5.6
Condition of Pins as Result of Reset
This section explains the states of pins after a reset.
■ Pin States during a Reset
States of the pins during a reset are determined by the settings of mode pins (MD2 to MD0).
● If the internal vector mode is set (MD2 to MD0 = 011B)
All I/O pins (resource pins) become set at the high-impedance state, and mode data is read from internal
ROM.
Refer to Section "7.7 Pin State in Standby Mode, Hold, and Reset", for the states of pins during a reset.
■ Pin States after Mode Data is Read
The states of the pins after mode data is read are determined by mode data (M1, M0).
● If the single-chip mode is set (M1, M0 = 00B)
All I/O pins (resource pins) become set at the high-impedance state, and mode data is read from the internal
ROM.
Note:
Take care with the pins that have the high-impedance state during a reset so that equipment
connected to the pins do not malfunction.
101
CHAPTER 5 RESET
102
CHAPTER 6
CLOCKS
This chapter describes the clocks of the MB90980
series.
6.1 Overview of Clocks
6.2 Block Diagram of Clock Generator
6.3 Clock Selection Register (CKSCR) and PLL Output Selection
Register (PLLOS)
6.4 Clock Modes
6.5 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
6.6 Connecting Oscillator to External Clock
103
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
6.1
Overview of Clocks
The clock generator controls the operations of internal clocks, which are the operation
clocks of the CPU and peripheral functions. In this document, the clocks are called as
follows according to clock type:
• Machine clock:Defined as an internal clock.
• Machine cycle:Defined as one period of a machine clock.
• Oscillation clock:Defined as a clock supplied via a high-speed oscillation pin.
• PLL clock:Defined as a clock using internal PLL oscillation.
• Sub clock:Clock divided by four, provided from a low-speed oscillation pin.
■ Overview of Clocks
The clock generator contains an oscillation circuit and generates an oscillation clock and sub clock by using
an external connection to an oscillator. The generator generates an oscillation clock by inputting a clock
generated externally. The generator contains a PLL clock multiplier circuit and generates four
multiplication clocks of an oscillation clock. The clock generator controls the oscillation stabilization wait
time, PLL clock multiplication, and operations of internal clocks by changing the clock of the clock
selector.
● Oscillation clock (HCLK)
This clock is generated by connecting an oscillator to the high-speed oscillation pin or by inputting an
external clock.
● Sub clock (SCLK)
This clock operates the watch timer. It can also be used as a low-speed machine clock.
This clock is divided by four and created by connecting an oscillator to the low-speed oscillation pin or by
inputting an external clock.
● Main clock (MCLK)
This is a clock of the oscillation clock divided by two, and is used as an input clock to the time-base timer
and clock selector.
● PLL clock (PCLK)
This clock is a clock obtained by multiplying with built-in PLL clock multiplier circuit (PLL oscillation
circuit). Four types of the clocks can be selected.
● Machine clock (φ)
This clock is an operation clock of the CPU and peripheral functions. One period of this clock is used as a
machine cycle (1/φ). One clock can be selected from among the main clock (clock of oscillation clock
divided by two), sub clock, and four types of multiplication clocks.
104
Notes:
• Oscillation clocks have an oscillation frequency ranging from 4.5 to 25 MHz. To use PLL to
generate machine clock in the range from 20 to 25Mz, set the PLL2 bit of the PLLOS register to
"1". The maximum operating frequency of the CPU and peripheral functions is 25 MHz. If a
multiply-by rate exceeding the maximum operating frequency is specified, the device will not
operate correctly.
• PLL oscillation can be between 4.5 and 25 MHz. This oscillation range varies depending on
operating voltage and the multiplication rate.
■ Clock Supply Map
Machine clocks generated by the clock generator are supplied as operation clocks of the CPU and
peripheral functions. Therefore, operations of the CPU and peripheral functions are affected by changes
between the main clock and PLL clock (clock mode) and by changes in the PLL clock multiplication rate.
The clock-divided outputs of the time-base timer are supplied to some peripheral functions, and the
peripheral functions can select their own operation clocks. Figure 6.1-1 shows a clock supply map.
Figure 6.1-1 Clock Supply Map
Peripheral functions
4
Watchdog timer
4
8/16-bit PPG
timer 0
Clock generator
8/16-bit PPG
timer 1
Watch timer
X0A
Pin
X1A
Pin
X1
Pin
PPG2, 3
Pin
Time-base timer
Sub clock
generator
circuit
1 2 3 4
16-bit reload
timer
PLL multiplier circuit
X0
Pin
PPG0, 1
Pin
Clock divided
by four
SCLK
PCLK
System
Clock divided
clock
Clock selector
by two
generator
MCLK
circuit HCLK
φ
UART0
I/O extensive
serial interface
2 channels
CPU, μ DMAC
8/16-bit
U/D counter
16-bit output
compare
16-bit freerunning timer
HCLK :
MCLK :
SCLK :
PCLK :
φ
:
16-bit input
capture
Oscillation clock
Main clock
Sub clock
PLL clock
Machine clock
10-bit A/D
converter
External interrupt
3
TIN0
Pin
TOT0
Pin
SCK0, SIN0
Pin
SOT0
Pin
SCK1, SCK2 SIN1, SIN2
Pin
SOT1, SOT2
Pin
AIN0, AIN1 BIN0, BIN1
ZIN0, ZIN1
Pin
OUT0, OUT1,
OUT2, OUT3
Pin
FRCK
Pin
IN0, IN1
Pin
AN0 to AN7, ADTG
Pin
IRQ0 to IRQ7
Pin
Control of
oscillation
stabilization wait
105
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
6.2
Block Diagram of Clock Generator
The clock generator consists of the following five blocks:
• System clock generator circuit/sub clock generator circuit
• PLL multiplier circuit
• Clock selector
• Clock Selection Register (CKSCR) and PLL Output Selection Register (PLLOS)
• Selector for oscillation stabilization wait time
■ Block Diagram of Block Generator
Figure 6.2-1 is a block diagram of the clock generator. Figure 6.2-1 also includes the standby control
circuits and time-base timer circuit.
Figure 6.2-1 Block Diagram of Clock Generator
Low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
STP SLP SPL RST TMD CG1 CG0 Reserved
Pin highimpedance
control circuit
RST
Internal reset
generator
circuit
Pin
CPU intermittent
operation selector
Interrupt reset
Internal reset
Intermittent cycle selection
CPU-clock
control circuit
2
Pin high-impedance
control
CPU clock
Stop and sleep signal
Standby control
circuit
Stop signal
Peripheral
Machine clock
Peripheral clock
clock control
Cancel waiting time
circuit
to stable oscillation
Clock generator
Clock selector
PLL12
PLL output selection register (PLLOS)
Clock SCLK
divided
by four
2
Selector for
waiting time
to stable
oscillation
2
Sub clock
generator
circuit
PLL multiplier
circuit
System clock
generator
circuit
X0A Pin
X1A Pin
X0 Pin
X1 Pin
106
SCM MCM WS1 WS0 SCS MCS CS1 CS0
Clock selection register (CKSCR)
Clock
Clock
HCLK divided MCLK divided
by 1024
by two
Clock
divided
by two
Clock
divided
by four
Clock
divided
by four
Clock
Clock
divided divided
by four by two
Time-base timer
HCLK : Oscillation clock
MCLK : Main clock
SCLK : Sub clock
To watchdog timer
● System clock generator circuit
This circuit generates an oscillation clock (HCLK) by using an oscillator connected to the high-speed
oscillation pin. Also, an external clock can be input to it.
● Sub clock generator circuit
This circuit generates a sub clock (SCLK) by using an oscillator connected to the low-speed oscillation pin.
Also, an external clock can be input to it.
● PLL multiplier circuit
This circuit multiplies an oscillation clock by using PLL oscillation and supplies it to the CPU clock
selector.
● Clock selector
This circuit selects clocks from among the main clock, sub clock, and four PLL clocks supplied to the CPU
clock control circuit and peripheral clock control circuit.
● Clock selection register (CKSCR)
This register changes between the oscillation clock and PLL clocks, selects the oscillation stabilization wait
time, and selects the multiplication rate of the PLL clocks.
● PLL output selection register (PLLOS)
Use this register to specify doubling of the multiply-by rate specified in the CKSCR register for the PLL to
be used when a machine clock is used at a frequency of 20 to 25 MHz.
● Selector for the oscillation stabilization wait time
This circuit selects the oscillation stabilization wait time of the oscillation clock when the stop mode is
reset and during watchdog reset. Four types of the time-base timer output are selected.
107
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
6.3
Clock Selection Register (CKSCR) and PLL Output
Selection Register (PLLOS)
The clock selection register (CKSCR) switches among the main clock, sub clock, and
PLL clock, and it selects the oscillation stabilization wait time and PLL clock
multiplication rate.
The PLL output selection register (PLLOS) must be set for the PLL to be used when a
machine clock is used at a frequency of 20 to 25 MHz.
■ Configuration of Clock Selection Register (CKSCR)
Figure 6.3-1 shows the configuration of the clock selection register (CKSCR). Table 6.3-1 has explanations
for the functions of bits in the clock selection register.
Figure 6.3-1 Configuration of Clock Selection Register (CKSCR)
Address bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
bit9
bit8 bit7
0000A1H SCM MCM WS1 WS0 SCS MCS CS1 CS0
R
R
R/W
R/W R/W R/W
bit0 Initial value
(LPMCR)
11111100B
R/W R/W
Multiplication rate selection bit
CS1 CS0 Values in ( ) are for 4 MHz oscillation clock
0
0
1 × HCLK ( 4 MHz)
0
1
1
0
2 × HCLK ( 8 MHz)
3 × HCLK (12 MHz)
1
1
4 × HCLK (16 MHz)
Note: To ensure the internal circuit operation with a frequency
at 20 to 25 MHz, set the PLL2 bit of the PLLOS register
to 1 to double the above multiply-by rate. However, do
not set the PLL2 bit to 1 when CS1 = 1 and CS0 = 1.
PLL clock selection bit
MCS
0
1
PLL clock selection
Main clock selection
Sub clock selection bit
SCS
0 Sub clock selection
1 Main clock selection
Oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits
WS1 WS0 Values in ( ) are for 4 MHz oscillation clock
0
0
0
1
1
0
210/HCLK (about 256 μs)
213/HCLK (about 2.05 ms)
215/HCLK (about 8.19 ms)
1
1
217/HCLK (about 32.77 ms)
* During a power-on reset, evaluation devices and FLASH devices
become 218/HCLK (about 65.54 ms), and mask devices become
217/HCLK (about 32.77 ms).
PLL clock display bit
MCM
0
In use by PLL clock
1
In use by main clock or sub clock
HCLK : Oscillation clock
R/W : Readable/Writable
R
: Read only
: Initial value
108
Sub clock display bit
SCM
0
In use by sub clock
1
In use by main clock or PLL clock
Note:
When reset, the machine clock selection (MCS) bit is initialized to the main clock selection.
Table 6.3-1 Functions of Bits in Clock Selection Register (CKSCR) (1 / 2)
Bit name
bit15
bit14
bit13,
bit12
Function
SCM:
Sub clock display bit
This bit displays whether the main clock or sub clock is selected as a machine
clock.
• If the bit is "0", the sub clock is selected. If "1", the main clock or PLL clock is
selected.
• If SCS = 1 and SCM = 0, the mode is the waiting time for stable oscillation of
the main clock.
• Write doesn't affect operation.
MCM:
PLL clock display bit
This bit displays whether the main clock or PLL clock is selected as a machine
clock.
• If this bit is "0", the PLL clock is selected. If "1", the main clock or sub clock is
selected.
• If PLL clock selection bit (MCS) = 0 and MCM = 1, the mode is the waiting
time for stable oscillation of the PLL clock.
• Write doesn't affect operation.
WS1, WS0:
Oscillation stabilization
wait time selection bits
Selects the waiting time for stable oscillation of oscillation clock in a change from
the sub clock mode to the main clock mode or from the sub clock mode to the
PLL clock mode if the stop mode is canceled.
Initialized to "11B" by all reset factors.
Note:
The specified value of the waiting time for stable oscillation must be suitable for
the oscillator used. Refer to Section "5.2 Reset Factors and Oscillation
Stabilization Wait Time", for more information. Specify "00B" only if the mode
is the main clock mode.
When the main clock is switched to PLL clock mode, the PLL clock oscillation
stabilization wait time is fixed at 214/HCLK.
When sub clock mode is switched to PLL clock mode or when PLL stop mode
is returned to PLL clock mode, the oscillation stabilization wait time uses the
specified values in the WS1 and WS0 bits. For PLL clock oscillation
stabilization wait time, at least 214 /HCLK is required. Accordingly, when sub
clock mode is switched to PLL clock mode, or when PLL clock mode is
switched to PLL stop mode, set WS1 and WS0 bits to "10B" or "11B".
109
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
Table 6.3-1 Functions of Bits in Clock Selection Register (CKSCR) (2 / 2)
Bit name
bit11
bit10
bit9,
bit8
SCS:
Sub clock selection bit
This bit specifies selection of the main clock or sub clock as a machine clock.
• If this bit is "0", the sub clock is selected. If "1", the main clock is selected.
• When this bit is rewritten from "1" to "0", the mode is switched to the sub clock
mode synchronizing the sub clock (approx. 130 μs.).
• Writing "1" when this bit is "0" generates a standby period for stable oscillation
of the main clock. The time-base timer is automatically cleared.
• Initialized to "1" by all reset factors.
Note:
Use the sub clock as an operation clock when the sub clock is selected. (The
machine clock changes to a frequency of 8 kHz during low-speed oscillation at
32 kHz)
If both SCS and MCS are "0", SCS is assigned with priority, and the sub clock
is selected.
MCS:
PLL clock selection bit
This bit specifies selection of the main clock or PLL clock as a machine clock.
• If this bit is "0", the PLL clock is selected. If "1", the main clock is selected.
• Writing "0" when this bit is "1" generates a waiting time for stable oscillation of
the PLL clock. The time-base timer is automatically cleared. The interrupt
request flag bit (TBOF) of the time-base timer control register (TBTC) is also
cleared.
• When the main clock is switched to PLL clock mode, the oscillation
stabilization wait time is fixed at 214/HCLK. (The oscillation stabilization wait
time is about 4.1 ms if the oscillation clock has a frequency of 4 MHz.) When
sub clock mode is switched to PLL clock, the oscillation stabilization wait time
uses the specified values in the oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits
(CKSCR: WS1, WS0).
• When the main clock is selected, the operation clock is the oscillation clock
divided by 2. (The operation clock is 2 MHz if the oscillation clock is 4 MHz.)
• Initialized to "1" by all reset factors.
Note:
Writing "0" when the MCS bit is "1", write while the time-base timer interrupt is
masked by using the interrupt request enable bit (TBIE) of the TBTC register or
the interrupt level register (ILM).
CS1, CS0:
Multiplication rate
selection bit
This bit selects the multiplication rate of the PLL clocks.
Selection is from four multiplication rates.
All reset factors initialize it to "00B".
Note:
Writing is disabled if the MCS bit or MCM bit is "0". Rewrite the CS1 and CS0
bits after setting the MCS bit to "1" (main clock mode).
HCLK: Oscillation clock
110
Function
■ Configuration of PLL Output Selection Register (PLLOS)
Figure 6.3-2 shows the configuration of the PLL output selection register (PLLOS). Table 6.3-2 explains
the functions of the bits for the PLL output selection register.
Figure 6.3-2 Configuration of PLL Output Selection Register (PLLOS)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
Address
0000CFH
Initial value
DIV2 PLL2
W
PLL2
0
W
bit8
Write only
Undefined
Initial value
1
DIV2
------00B
W
PLL output frequency doubling selection bit
Use the multiply-by rate set in the CS1 and CS0
bits of the CKSCR register unchanged.
Double the multiply-by rate set in the CS1 and
CS0 bits of the CKSCR register.
PLL input divided selection bit
0
Input the input frequency to PLL.
1
Two dividing the input frequency and it inputs
it to PLL.
111
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
Table 6.3-2 Functions of Bits for PLL Output Selection Register (PLLOS)
Bit name
bit15 to
bit10
Undefined bits
Function
Not used
•
•
•
•
•
bit9
DIV2:
PLL input divided
selection bit
•
•
bit8
112
PLL2:
PLL output frequency
doubling selection bit
This bit selects dividing of input clock to PLL or input as it is.
It is initialized to "0" by all reset sources.
Read value is always "1".
Please do not change this bit when you use the clock of PLL.
Please set DIV2 bit of PLLOS register = 1 and PLL2 bit = 1 during PLL1, PLL2,
PLL3, PLL4 multiplication setting and internal clock with
20 MHz < fCP ≤ 25MHz. (During PLL 4 multiplication setting, please set input
frequency is 60MHz or more.)
Example: If sending frequency = 24 MHz and PLL1
multiplication setting:
CKSCR register: CS1 bit = 0, CS0 bit = 0
PLLOS register: DIV2 bit = 1, PLL2 bit = 1
Example: If sending frequency = 8 MHz and PLL3
multiplication setting:
CKSCR register: CS1 bit = 1, CS0 bit = 0
PLLOS register: DIV2 bit = 1, PLL2 bit = 1
It is possible to set the following during PLL 2, 4 multiplication setting and
internal clock with 20 MHz < fCP ≤ 25MHz;
PLL 2 multiplication:
CKSCR register: CS1 bit = 0, CS0 bit = 0
PLLOS register: DIV2 bit = 0, PLL2 bit = 1
PLL 4 multiplication:
CKSCR register: CS1 bit = 0, CS0 bit = 1
PLLOS register: DIV2 bit = 0, PLL2 bit = 1
Please set DIV2 bit of PLLOS register = 0 and PLL2 bit = 1 during PLL6, 8
multiplication setting.
Example: If sending frequency = 4 MHz and PLL6
multiplication setting:
CKSCR register: CS1 bit = 1, CS0 bit = 0
PLLOS register: DIV2 bit = 0, PLL2 bit = 1
Example: If sending frequency = 3 MHz and PLL8
multiplication setting:
CKSCR register: CS1 bit = 1, CS0 bit = 1
PLLOS register: DIV2 bit = 0, PLL2 bit = 1
This bit specifies doubling of the multiply-by rate for the PLL to be used when a
machine clock is used at a frequency of 20 to 25 MHz.
• Initialized to "0" by all reset sources.
• The readout value is always "1".
• Do not change this bit when a PLL clock is being used.
6.4
Clock Modes
The clock modes are the main clock, PLL clock, and sub clock modes.
■ Main Clock Mode, PLL Clock Mode, and Sub Clock Mode
● Main clock mode
The main clock mode uses a clock obtained by dividing the oscillation clock by two as the operation clock
of the CPU and peripheral resources. This mode stops the PLL clock.
● PLL clock mode
The PLL clock mode uses the PLL clock obtained as the operation clock of the CPU and peripheral
functions. The multiplication rate of the PLL clock can be selected with the clock selection register
(CKSCR).
● Sub clock mode
The sub clock mode uses a sub clock as the operation clock of the CPU and peripheral resources. This
mode stops the main and PLL clocks.
■ Change of Clock Mode
The clock mode changes to the main clock, PLL clock, or sub clock mode according to the writing of the
PLL clock selection bit (MCS) and sub clock selection bit (SCS) in the CKSCR register.
● Change from the main clock mode to the PLL clock mode
Rewriting the MCS bit in the CKSCR register from "1" to "0" in the main clock mode changes the main
clock to the PLL clock after the end of the oscillation stabilization wait time of the PLL clock (214/HCLK).
● Change from the PLL clock mode to the main clock mode
Rewriting the MCS bit in the CKSCR register from "0" to "1" in the PLL clock mode changes the PLL
clock to the main clock adjusted to the timing where the edges of the PLL clock and main clock match
(after 1 to 8 PLL clocks).
● Change from the main clock mode to the sub clock mode
Rewriting the SCS bit in the CKSCR register from "1" to "0" in the main clock mode changes the main
clock to the sub clock synchronizing the sub clock (approx. 130 μs.).
● Change from the sub clock mode to the main clock mode
Rewriting the SCS bit in the CKSCR register from "0" to "1" in the sub clock mode changes the sub clock
to the main clock after end of the oscillation stabilization wait time of the main clock. Select the oscillation
stabilization wait time by using selection bits (WS1, WS0) for the oscillation stabilization wait time of the
CKSCR register.
113
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
● Change from the PLL clock mode to the sub clock mode
Rewriting the sub clock selection bit (SCS) of the clock selection register (CKSCR) from "1" to "0" in the
PLL clock mode changes the PLL clock to the sub clock.
● Change from the sub clock mode to the PLL clock mode
Rewriting the SCS bit in the CKSCR register from "0" to "1" in the sub clock mode changes the sub clock
to the PLL clock after the end of the oscillation stabilization wait time of the main clock. Select the
oscillation stabilization wait time by using selection bits (WS1, WS0) for the oscillation stabilization wait
time of the CKSCR register.
Notes:
• Rewriting the PLL clock selection bit (MCS) or SCS bit in the CKSCR register does not change
the machine clock immediately. When operating a resource that depends on a machine clock,
make sure that the intended machine clock change has completed by checking the PLL clock
display bit (MCM) and sub clock display bit (SCM) in the CKSCR register. Then operate the
resource.
• If both of the SCS and MCS bits are "0", SCS is assigned with priority, and the sub clock mode is
set.
• When the clock mode is switched, do not switch to low-power consumption mode and other clock
mode before this switching is completed. Confirm the completion of clock mode switching by
referring to the MCM and SCM bits of the clock selection register (CKSCR). If the mode is
switched to another clock mode or low-power consumption mode before completion of switching,
the mode may not be switched.
■ Selection of PLL Clock Multiplication Rate
If "00B" to "11B" are written to the CS1 and CS0 bits of the CKSCR register, four types of PLL clock
multiply-by rates can be selected: multiply-by 1 to 4.
■ Machine Clock
The PLL clock, main clock, and sub clock output by the PLL multiplier circuit are machine clocks, which
are supplied to the CPU and peripheral functions. The main clock, PLL clock, and sub clock can be
selected by writing in the SCS or MCS bit of the CKSCR register.
Figure 6.4-1 is a state transition diagram of machine clock selection.
114
Figure 6.4-1 State Transition Diagram of Machine Clock Selection
(8)
Main
MCS=1
MCM=1
(1)
SCS=1
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=xx
(10)
Main→Sub
MCS=1
MCM=1
(9)
SCS=0
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=xx
(16)
(10)
Sub→Main
(11)
(8)
MCS=1
MCM=1
SCS=1
(8)
(6)
SCM=0
Main→PLLx (2)
CS1,CS0=xx
(12) Sub→PLL
MCS=0
(3)
(13) MCS=0
MCM=1
(14) MCM=1
(4)
SCS=1
(15) SCS=1
(5)
SCM=0
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=xx
CS1,CS0=xx
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
Sub
MCS=1
MCM=1
SCS=0
SCM=0
CS1,CS0=xx
PLL1→Main
MCS=1
MCM=0
SCS=1
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=00
PLL multiplied
by one
MCS=0
MCM=0
(6) SCS=1
(8)
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=00
PLL1→Sub
MCS=1
MCM=0
SCS=0
SCM=1
CS1,CS=00
PLL2→Main
MCS=1
MCM=0
SCS=1
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=01
PLL multiplied
by two
MCS=0
MCM=0
(6) SCS=1
(8)
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=01
PLL2→Sub
MCS=1
MCM=0
(17)
SCS=0
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=01
PLL3→Main
MCS=1
MCM=0
SCS=1
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=10
PLL multiplied
by three
MCS=0
MCM=0
(8)
(6) SCS=1
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=10
PLL3→Sub
MCS=1
(17)
MCM=0
SCS=0
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=10
PLL4→Main
MCS=1
MCM=0
SCS=1
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=11
PLL multiplied
by four
MCS=0
MCM=0
(6) SCS=1
(8)
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=11
PLL4→Sub
MCS=1
(17)
MCM=0
SCS=0
SCM=1
CS1,CS0=11
(17)
115
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
(1) MCS bit "0" write
(2) Waiting for PLL clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 00B
(3) Waiting for PLL clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 01B
(4) Waiting for PLL clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 10B
(5) Waiting for PLL clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 11B
(6) MCS bit "1" write (includes watchdog reset)
(7) Synchronization timing of PLL and main clocks
(8) SCS bit "0" write
(9) End of waiting time for sub clock oscillation stability (maximum 214/SCLK)
(10) SCS bit "1" write
(11) Waiting for main clock oscillation stability is complete.
(12) Waiting for main clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 00B
(13) Waiting for main clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 01B
(14) Waiting for main clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 10B
(15) Waiting for main clock oscillation stability is complete. &CS1, CS0 = 11B
(16) SCS bit "1" write, MCS bit "0" write
(17) Synchronization timing of PLL and sub clocks
MCS:
PLL clock selection bit of clock selection register (CKSCR)
MCM:
PLL clock display bit of clock selection register (CKSCR)
SCS:
Sub clock selection bit of clock selection register (CKSCR)
SCM:
Sub clock display bit of clock selection register (CKSCR)
CS1, CS0: Multiplication rate selection bit of clock selection register (CKSCR)
Note:
The initial value of the machine clocks is the main clock (MCS = 1, SCS = 1).
If both of the SCS and MCS bits are "0", SCS is assigned with priority and the sub clock is set.
When sub clock mode is switched to PLL clock mode, set "10B" or "11B" in the oscillation
stabilization wait time selection bits (WS1, WS0) of the CKSCR register.
116
6.5
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
When the power is turned on, when stop mode is released, or switching from the sub
clock to the main clock or from sub clock to the PLL clock occurs, an oscillation
stabilization wait time is required after oscillation begins because the oscillation clock
is stopped. When switching from the main clock to the PLL clock or from the main clock
to the sub clock occurs, an oscillation stabilization wait time is required.
■ Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Ceramic and crystal oscillators generally require a waiting time ranging from several milliseconds to
several ten milliseconds after the start of oscillation until oscillation stabilizes to a natural frequency
(oscillation frequency). Therefore, disable CPU operation immediately after the start of oscillation, and
supply a clock to the CPU when oscillation completely stabilizes following the elapse of the oscillation
stabilization wait time. Specify a oscillation stabilization wait time suitable for the oscillator used because
the time required for oscillation to stabilize varies depending on the type of oscillator (crystal, ceramic, or
other material). The oscillation stabilization wait time can be selected by defining the clock selection
register (CKSCR).
When the clock mode is switched from the main clock to the PLL clock, the main clock to the sub clock,
the sub clock to the main clock, or the sub clock to the PLL clock, the CPU runs in the clock mode set
before switching. After the oscillation stabilization wait time, the CPU changes to the selected clock mode.
Figure 6.5-1 illustrates operation immediately after the start of oscillation.
Figure 6.5-1 Operation Immediately after Start of Oscillation
Oscillator
oscillation time
oscillation stabilization
wait time
Switching to operation start or
changing to PLL clock/sub clock
X1
Start of Oscillation Stable Oscillation
117
CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS
6.6
Connecting Oscillator to External Clock
Devices in the MB90980 series contain a system clock generator circuit and generate
clocks using an externally connected oscillator. Also, an external clock can be input to
it.
■ Connection of Oscillator and External Clock
● Example of Connecting Crystal or Ceramic oscillator
Connect a crystal oscillator or a ceramic oscillator as shown in the example in Figure 6.6-1.
Figure 6.6-1 Example of Connecting Crystal or Ceramic Oscillator
MB90980 series
X0(X0A) X1(X1A)
● Example of connecting external clock
Connect an external clock to pin X0 and set up pin X1 to be open as shown in the example in the Figure
6.6-2.
Figure 6.6-2 Example of Connecting External Clock
MB90980 series
X0(X0A) X1(X1A)
Open
118
CHAPTER 7
LOW-POWER
CONSUMPTION MODE
This chapter explains the low-power consumption mode
of the MB90980 series.
7.1 Overview of Low-Power Consumption Mode
7.2 Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control Circuit
7.3 Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR)
7.4 CPU Intermittent Operation Mode
7.5 Standby Mode
7.6 State Transition Diagram
7.7 Pin State in Standby Mode, Hold, and Reset
7.8 Caution on Using Low-Power Consumption Mode
119
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.1
Overview of Low-Power Consumption Mode
The following CPU operation modes are available on the MB90980 series devices by
selecting a suitable operation clock and by controlling clock operation.
• Clock modes (Main clock mode, and sub clock mode)
• CPU intermittent operation modes (PLL clock intermittent operation mode, main
clock intermittent operation mode, and sub clock intermittent operation mode)
• Standby modes (sleep mode, time-base timer mode, stop mode, and watch mode)
■ CPU Operation Mode and Current Consumption
Figure 7.1-1 illustrates the relationship between CPU operation mode and current consumption.
Figure 7.1-1 CPU Operation Mode and Current Consumption
Current consumption
CPU
operation
mode
Several ten mA
PLL clock mode
Clock multiplied by four
Clock multiplied by three
Clock multiplied by two
Clock multiplied by one
Clock multiplied by four
PLL clock intermittent
operation mode
Clock multiplied by three
Clock multiplied by two
Clock multiplied by one
Main clock mode (1/2 clock mode)
Main clock intermittent operation mode
Several mA
Sub clock mode
Sub clock intermittent operation mode
Several μA
Standby mode
Sleep mode
Time-base timer mode
Watch mode
Stop mode
Low-power consumption mode
Note: This diagram is just an example of each mode, so its values may differ from actual current consumption.
120
■ Clock Modes
● Main clock mode
This mode operates the CPU and peripheral functions by using the clock of the oscillation clock (HCLK)
divided by two. The PLL multiplier circuit stops its operation in the main clock mode.
● Sub clock mode
This mode operates the CPU and peripheral functions by using the sub clock (SCLK). The main clock and
the PLL multiplier circuit stop their operation in the sub clock mode.
The clock mode includes the PLL clock mode except the low power consumption mode. Refer to Section
"6.4 Clock Modes", for more information on clock modes.
■ CPU Intermittent Operation Mode
The CPU intermittent operation mode operates the CPU intermittently while supplying a high-speed clock
to the peripheral functions, thereby reducing power consumption. This mode inputs an intermittent clock
only to the CPU while the CPU accesses registers, built-in memory, peripheral functions, and external
devices.
■ Standby Mode
The standby mode reduces current consumption by stopping supply of a clock to the CPU by using the lowpower consumption control circuit (sleep mode), stopping supply of a clock to the CPU and peripheral
functions (time-base timer mode), and stopping oscillation clocks (stop mode).
● Sleep mode
The sleep mode stops the CPU operation clock in each clock mode. The CPU stops, and the peripheral
functions operates with the clock before the sleep mode shifts.
The clock mode when shifting to sleep mode divides into the main sleep mode, PLL sleep mode, and the
sub sleep mode.
● Time-base timer mode
The time-base timer mode stops clocks and operations other than the oscillation clock, time-base timer, and
watch timer. Functions other than the time-base timer and watch timer are stopped.
● Watch mode
The watch mode operates only the watch timer. In this mode, only the sub clock operates. The main clock
and PLL multiplier circuit are stopped.
● Stop mode
The stop mode stops source oscillation, and all functions are stopped. In the stop mode, the oscillation
clock stops and data can be retained with the lowest consumption of power.
121
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
Note:
In stop mode, oscillation clock stops and data is maintained with the minimum power dissipation.
When changing to clock mode, do not change to other low-power consumption modes or clock
modes before changing to stop mode is completed. Verify that changing to clock mode is completed
by referring to MCM, SCM bits of clock selection register (CKSCR). Mode may not be changed if
changing to other low-power consumption modes or clock modes performed before completion of
changing.
122
7.2
Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control Circuit
The low-power consumption control circuit is composed of the following seven blocks:
• CPU intermittent operation selector
• Standby control circuit
• CPU-clock control circuit
• Peripheral clock control circuit
• Pin high-impedance control circuit
• Internal reset generator circuit
• Low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
■ Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control Circuit
Figure 7.2-1 shows the block diagram of the low-power consumption control circuit.
Figure 7.2-1 Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control Circuit
Low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
STP SLP SPL RST TMD CG1 CG0 Reserved
Pin highimpedance
control circuit
RST
Pin high-impedance
control
Internal reset
generator
circuit
Pin
CPU intermittent
operation selector
Internal reset
Intermittent cycle selection
CPU-clock
control circuit
2
Interrupt reset
Stop and sleep signal
Standby control
circuit
Machine clock
Cancel waiting time
to stable oscillation
Clock
generator
Clock selector
Clock SCLK
divided
by four
CPU clock
Stop signal
Peripheral
Peripheral clock
clock control
circuit
PLL2
PLL output selection register (PLLOS)
2
Selector for
waiting time
to stable
oscillation
2
Sub clock
generator
circuit
PLL multiplier
circuit
System clock
generator
circuit
X0A Pin
X1A Pin
X0 Pin
X1 Pin
SCM MCM WS1 WS0 SCS MCS CS1 CS0
Clock selection register (CKSCR)
Clock
Clock
HCLK divided MCLK divided
by 1024
by two
Clock
divided
by two
Clock
divided
by four
Clock
divided
by four
Clock
divided
by four
Clock
divided
by two
Time-base timer
HCLK : Oscillation clock
MCLK : Main clock
SCLK : Sub clock
To watchdog timer
123
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
● CPU intermittent operation selector
The CPU intermittent operation selector selects the number of pause clocks in the CPU intermittent
operation mode.
● Standby control circuit
The standby control circuit controls the CPU-clock control circuit and peripheral clock control circuit for
resetting and changing to the low-power consumption mode.
● CPU-clock control circuit
The CPU-clock control circuit controls clocks supplied to the CPU.
● Peripheral clock control circuit
The peripheral clock control circuit controls clocks supplied to peripheral functions.
● Pin high-impedance control circuit
The pin high-impedance control circuit changes the states of external pins to high impedance in the timebase timer mode and stop mode. In the stop mode, the circuit isolates pull-up resistance with pins for which
the pull-up option is selected.
● Internal reset generator circuit
The internal reset generator circuit generates an internal reset signal.
● Low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
The low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) performs functions, such as resetting and
changing to the standby mode and defining the CPU intermittent operation function.
124
7.3
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR)
The low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) performs functions
including changing the current mode to the low-power consumption mode, canceling
from the low-power consumption mode, and specifying the number of CPU-clock pause
cycles in the CPU intermittent operation mode.
■ Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR)
Figure 7.3-1 shows the configuration of the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR).
Figure 7.3-1 Configuration of Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR)
Address
0000A0H
bit15
(CKSCR)
bit8 bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
STP
SLP
SPL
RST
TMD
CG1
CG0 Reserved
W
W
R/W
W
R/W
R/W
bit0
00011000B
R/W
R/W
Reserved
Initial value
Reserved bit
Reading and writing has no effect on operation
CG1 CG0 Bit for number of CPU-clock pause cycles
0
0 0 cycle (CPU clock = Resource clock)
0
1
8 cycles (CPU clock: Resource clock =
1: About 3 to 4)
1
0
16 cycles (CPU clock: Resource clock =
1: About 5 to 6)
1
1
32 cycles (CPU clock: Resource clock =
1: About 9 to 10)
Watch mode or time-base timer mode bit
TMD
0 Change to time-base timer mode
1
RST
No change, no effect on others
Internal reset signal generator bit
0
Generates an internal reset signal of 3 machine cycles
1
No change, no effect on others
SPL
0
1
Pin state specification bit (in watch, time-base
timer and stop modes)
Hold
High impedance
Sleep mode bit
SLP
0 No change, no effect on others
1
R/W : Readable/Writable
W
: Write only
: Initial value
STP
Change to sleep mode
Stop mode bit
0
No change, no effect on others
1
Change to stop mode
125
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
Table 7.3-1 Functions of Bits in Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR)
Bit name
Function
STP:
Stop mode bit
This bit instructs a change to the stop mode.
• Write "1" in this bit to change the mode to the stop mode.
• Writing "0" in this bit does not affect operation.
• Cleared to "0" by a reset or if an interrupt request is generated.
• "0" is always read when this bit is read.
bit6
SLP:
Sleep mode bit
This bit instructs a change to the sleep mode.
• Write "1" in this bit to change the mode to the sleep mode.
• Writing "0" in this bit does not affect operation.
• Cleared to "0" by a reset or if an interrupt request is generated.
• "0" is always read when this bit is read.
bit5
SPL:
Pin state specification bit
(in watch, time-base
timer, and stop modes)
This bit is effective only in the watch, time-base timer, and stop modes.
• If this bit is "0", the levels of external pins are retained.
• If this bit is "1", the levels of external pins are changed to high impedance.
• Initialized to "0" when reset.
bit4
RST:
Internal reset signal
generator bit
This bit generates the software reset.
• Write "0" in this bit to generate an internal reset signal of 3 machine cycles.
• Writing "1" in this bit does not affect operation.
• "1" is always read when this bit is read.
bit3
TMD:
watch and time-base
timer mode bit
This bit instructs a change to the watch or time-base timer mode.
• Write "0" in this bit at the main clock or PLL clock mode to change the mode to
the time-base timer mode.
• Write "0" in this bit at the sub clock mode to change the mode to the watch
mode.
• Initialized to "1" by a reset or if an interrupt request is generated.
• "1" is always read when this bit is read.
bit2,
bit1
CG1, CG0:
Bit for selecting number
of CPU-clock pause
cycles
This bit specifies the number of pause cycles of the CPU clock in the CPU
intermittent operation function.
• Stops supply of CPU clocks for the specified number of cycles per instruction.
• Capable selected from four clock numbers.
• Initialized to "00B" by a reset.
bit0
Reserved:
Reserved bit
bit7
126
Reading and writing has no effect on operation.
■ Accessing Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
Writing in the low-power consumption mode control register executes a change to the standby mode (stop,
sleep, time-base timer and watch modes). Use the instructions listed in Table 7.3-2.
The low-power consumption mode transition instruction in Table 7.3-2 must always be followed by an
array of instructions highlighted by a line below.
MOV LPMCR,#H'xx
NOP
NOP
JMP
$+3
MOV A,#H'10
; The low-power consumption mode transition instruction in Table 7.3-2.
; Jump to next instruction
; Any instruction
The devices does not guarantee its operation after releasing from the standby mode if you place an array of
instructions other than the one enclosed in the line.
To access the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) with C language, refer to "7.8
Caution on Using Low-Power Consumption Mode". When writing to the low-power consumption mode
control register with a length of words, use even addresses only. Performing transition by using an odd
address for writing may result in operation errors.
Any instruction may be used to control functions not listed in Table 7.3-1.
Table 7.3-2 Instructions Used for Change to Low-power Consumption Mode
MOV io,#imm8
MOV dir,#imm8
MOV eam,#imm8
MOV eam,Ri
MOV io,A
MOV dir,A
MOV addr16,A
MOV eam,A
MOVW io,#imm16
MOVW dir,#imm16
MOVW eam,#imm16
MOVW eam,RWi
MOVW io,A
MOVW dir,A
MOVW addr16,A
MOVW eam,A
SETB io:bp
SETB dir:bp
SETB addr16:bp
CLRB io:bp
CLRB dir:bp
CLRB addr16:bp
MOV @RLi+disp8,A
MOVW @RLi+disp8,A
■ Priority of STP, SLP, and TMD Bits
Requests are processed with the following order of priority in the event that stop mode, sleep mode, and
time-base timer mode requests are issued simultaneously.
Stop-mode request > Time-base timer mode request > Sleep mode request
127
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.4
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode
The CPU intermittent operation mode reduces power consumption by intermittently
operating the CPU while operating external buses and peripheral functions at high
speeds.
■ CPU Intermittent Operation Mode
To delay activation of the internal bus cycle, the CPU intermittent operation mode stops clocks supplied to
the CPU for a preset period for each instruction during access to registers, embedded memory (ROM or
RAM), I/O, peripheral functions, and external buses. Low-power consumption processing is possible by
lowering the CPU execution speed while high-speed peripheral clocks are supplied to peripheral functions.
•
Select the number of clock pause cycles supplied to the CPU using a bit for selecting the number of
CPU-clock pause cycles (CG1 or CG0) of the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR).
•
Use the same clock as that for the peripheral functions when operating external buses.
•
The instruction execution time when the CPU intermittent operation mode is set can be calculated by
dividing the number of instruction executions for accessing registers, embedded memory, embedded
peripheral functions, and external buses by the number of pauses cycles. The correction value thus
obtained is added to the usual execution time. Figure 7.4-1 illustrates operation clocks in the CPU
intermittent operation mode.
Figure 7.4-1 Clocks in CPU Intermittent Operation Mode
Peripheral clock
CPU clock
Pause cycle
One
instruction
execution
cycle
Internal bus activation
128
7.5
Standby Mode
The standby mode is divided into four modes, namely, the sleep (PLL sleep, main sleep,
and sub sleep), time-base timer, watch, and stop modes.
■ Operational States in Standby Mode
Table 7.5-1 lists operational states in the standby mode.
Table 7.5-1 Operational States in Standby Mode
Standby mode
PLL sleep
mode
Change
Main clock
condition
Sub clock
Machine
clock
CPU
Peripheral
Pin
Cancellation
method
SCS = 1
MCS = 0
SLP = 1
In operation
Sleep mode Main sleep
mode
Sub sleep
mode
SCS = 0
SLP = 1
Time-base
timer mode
(SPL = 0)
SCS = 1
TMD = 0
Time-base
timer mode Time-base
timer mode
(SPL = 1)
Watch
mode
SCS = 1
MCS = 1
SLP = 1
In operation
In operation
Stopped
In operation
Hold
In operation
Stopped
SCS = 0
TMD = 0
Watch mode
(SPL = 1)
SCS = 0
TMD = 0
Stop mode
(SPL = 0)
STP = 1
Reset or
interrupt
Stopped*1
SCS = 1
TMD = 0
Watch mode
(SPL = 0)
In operation
Hi-Z
Hold
Stopped
Stopped*2
Hi-Z
Stopped
Stop mode
Stopped
Stop mode
(SPL = 1)
*1
*2
SPL
SLP
STP
TMD
MCS
SCS
Hi-Z
RST
Hold
Stopped
STP = 1
Hi-Z
: The time-base timer and watch timer are operating.
: The watch timer is operating
: Pin-state specification bit of low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
: Sleep mode bit of low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
: Stop mode bit of low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
: Watch/time-base timer mode bit of low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR)
: Machine clock selection bit of the clock selection register (CKSCR)
: Machine clock selection bit (Sub) of the clock selection register (CKSCR)
: High impedance
: External-reset pin
129
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.5.1
Sleep Mode
The sleep mode stops CPU operation clocks, allowing devices other than the CPU to
continue operation.
■ Change to Sleep Mode
Writing "1" in the sleep mode bit (SLP), "1" in the watch/time-base timer mode bit (TMD), and "0" in the
stop mode bit (STP) of the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) changes the mode to
the sleep mode.
Note:
If "1" is simultaneously written in the SLP and STP bits of the LPMCR register, the STP bit has the
priority and the device is changed to the stop mode.
If writing "1" in the SLP bit and writing "0" in the TMD bit of the low-power consumption mode control
register are performed at the same time, the TMD bit has the priority and the device is changed to
the time-base timer mode or watch mode.
● Data hold function
This function in the sleep mode holds data of the internal RAM and dedicated registers such as an
accumulator.
● Hold function
The external bus hold function operates in the sleep mode. A hold state is set if a hold request is issued.
● Operation during interrupt request
The sleep mode is not set if an interrupt request is issued while "1" is written in the SLP bit of the LPMCR
register. The CPU executes a next instruction if an interrupt request is not accepted. If the CPU can accept
an interrupt request, the request is immediately branched to an interrupt processing routine.
● Pin state
In the sleep mode, the previous states are maintained except for pins used for bus input and output or for
bus control.
130
■ Canceling the Sleep Mode
The low-power consumption control circuit cancels the sleep mode by input of a reset or by an interrupt.
● Restore by a reset
Reset initializes to the main clock mode.
● Restore by interrupt
The sleep mode is canceled if an interrupt request whose interrupt level is higher than 7 is generated in a
peripheral circuit, etc., in the sleep mode. After the sleep mode is canceled, the interrupt is processed with
the same method as for ordinary interrupt processing. If interrupts are accepted by setting the I-flag of the
condition code register (CCR), interrupt level mask register (ILM), or the interrupt control register (ICR),
then the CPU executes the interrupts. If the interrupts cannot be accepted, the CPU continues processing
beginning from an instruction next to the instruction specifying the sleep mode.
Figure 7.5-1 illustrates the canceling of the sleep mode by an interrupt.
Figure 7.5-1 Canceling of Sleep Mode by Interrupt
Setting interrupt enable flag
from peripheral functions
INT generates (IL<7)
NO
Sleep not canceled
Sleep not canceled
YES
I=0
YES
Next instruction
Sleep canceled
NO
YES
ILM < IL
Executes next instruction
NO
Interrupt executed
Note:
When executing an interrupt, an instruction next to the instruction that specified the sleep mode is
normally executed first before an interrupt request is processed. If a change to the sleep mode
occurs at the same time as an external bus hold request is received, an interrupt may be executed
first before the next instruction is executed.
131
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.5.2
Time-base Timer Mode
The time-base timer mode stops operations except for source oscillation, time-base
timer and watch timer. All functions except the time-base timer and watch timer are
stopped.
■ Change to Time-base Timer Mode
To change the mode to the time-base timer mode, write "0" in watch/time-base timer mode bit (TMD) of
the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) in the PLL clock mode or the main clock
mode (sub clock display bit (SCM) = 1 of the clock selection register (CKSCR)).
● Data hold function
This function in the time-base timer mode holds data of the internal RAM and dedicated registers such as
an accumulator.
● Hold function
In the time-base timer mode, the external bus hold function is stopped and hold requests cannot be accepted
even if they are input. If a hold request is input during a change to the time-base timer mode, the level of
the HAK signal may not change to "L" while the bus is set to the high-impedance state.
● Operation during interrupt request
The time-base timer mode is not set if an interrupt request is issued while "0" is written to the TMD bit of
the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR).
● Pin state
Pin state specification bit (SPL) of the LPMCR register can control whether to maintain the state of an
external pin in the time-base timer mode in the previous state or in the high-impedance state.
■ Canceling the Time-base Timer Mode
The low-power consumption control circuit cancels the time-base timer mode by input of a reset or by an
interrupt.
● Return by external reset
External reset initializes to the main clock mode.
132
● Return by interrupt
The time-base timer mode is canceled by the low-power consumption control circuit if an interrupt request
whose interrupt level is higher than 7 (other than IL2, IL1, and IL0=111B of the interrupt control register
(ICR)) is generated in a peripheral circuit, etc., in the time-base timer mode. After the time-base timer
mode is canceled, interrupts are processed with the same method as for ordinary interrupt processing. If
interrupts are accepted by setting the I-flag of the condition code register (CCR), interrupt level mask
register (ILM), or the interrupt control register (ICR), then the CPU executes the interrupts. If an interrupt
cannot be accepted, the CPU continues processing beginning from an instruction that was processed before
the time-base timer mode was set.
Note:
When executing an interrupt, an instruction next to the instruction specifying the time-base timer
mode is normally executed first before an interrupt request is processed. If a change to the timebase timer mode occurs at the same time as an external bus hold request is received, an interrupt
may be executed first before the next instruction is executed.
133
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.5.3
Watch Mode
The watch mode stops operations other than those of the sub clock and watch timer.
■ Change to Watch Mode
To change the mode to the watch mode, write "0" in watch/time-base timer mode bit (TMD) of the lowpower consumption mode control register (LPMCR) in the sub clock mode (sub clock display bit (SCS) = 0
of the clock selection register (CKSCR)).
● Data hold function
This function in the watch mode holds data of the internal RAM and dedicated registers such as an
accumulator.
● Hold function
In the watch mode, the external bus hold function is stopped and hold requests cannot be accepted even if
they are input.
Note:
If a hold request is input during a change to the watch mode, the level of the HAK signal may not
change to "L" while the bus is set to the high-impedance state.
● Operation during interrupt request
The watch mode is not set if an interrupt request is issued while "0" is set in the TMD bit of the LPMCR
register.
● Pin state setting
Pin state specification bit (SPL) of the LPMCR register can control whether to maintain the state of an
external pin in the watch mode in the previous state or in the high-impedance state.
■ Canceling the Watch Mode
The low-power consumption control circuit cancels the watch mode by input of a reset or by an interrupt.
● Return by a reset
When the watch mode is canceled by a reset factor, the watch mode is canceled first, and a reset state for
standing by for stable oscillation is set. The sequence for resetting is executed after the end of the
oscillation stabilization wait time.
134
● Return by interrupt
The watch mode is canceled by the low-power consumption control circuit if an interrupt request whose
interrupt level is higher than 7 (other than IL2, IL1, and IL0=111B of the interrupt control register (ICR)) is
generated in a peripheral circuit, etc., in the watch mode. The mode immediately changes to the sub clock
mode. After the change to the sub clock mode, interrupts are processed with the same method as for
ordinary interrupt processing. If interrupts are accepted by setting the I-flag of the condition code register
(CCR), interrupt level mask register (ILM), or the interrupt control register (ICR), then the CPU executes
the interrupts. If an interrupt cannot be accepted, the CPU continues processing beginning from an
instruction next to the instruction that was processed before the watch mode was set.
Note:
When executing an interrupt, an instruction next to the instruction specifying the watch mode is
normally executed first before an interrupt request is processed. If a change to the watch mode
occurs at the same time as an external bus hold request is received, an interrupt may be executed
first before the next instruction is executed.
Figure 7.5-2 illustrates the cancel operation of the watch mode.
Figure 7.5-2 Cancel Operation of Watch Mode (External Reset)
RST pin
Watch mode
Oscillation stabilization wait
PLL clock
Sub clock
Not operating
Oscillation
Main clock
During oscillation
Not operating
Oscillating
CPU clock
Not operating
CPU operation
Not operating
Main clock
Processing
Sequence for resetting
Reset cancel
Watch mode cancel
135
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.5.4
Stop Mode
The stop mode stops source oscillation and stops all functions, thereby enabling
retention of data with the lowest consumption of power.
■ Change to Stop Mode
Write "1" in the stop mode bit (STP) of the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) to
change the mode to the stop mode.
● Data hold function
This function in the stop mode holds data of the internal RAM and dedicated registers such as an
accumulator.
● Hold function
In the stop mode, the external bus hold function is stopped and hold requests cannot be accepted even if
they are input. If a hold request is input during a change to the stop mode, the level of the HAK signal may
not change to "L" while the bus is set to the high-impedance state.
● Operation during interrupt request
The stop mode is not set if an interrupt request is issued while "1" is set in the STP bit of the LPMCR
register.
● Pin state setting
Pin state specification bit (SPL) of the LPMCR register can specify whether to maintain the state of an
external pin in the stop mode in the previous state or in the high-impedance state.
■ Canceling the Stop Mode
The low-power consumption control circuit releases the stop mode when a reset is input or an interrupt
occurs. Because the oscillation clock (HCLK) and sub clock (SCLK) are halted, the stop mode is released
after the oscillation stabilization wait interval of the main clock or sub clock.
● Restore by a reset
When the stop mode is canceled by a reset factor, the stop mode is canceled first and the reset state
standing by for stable oscillation is set. The sequence for resetting is executed after the end of the
oscillation stabilization wait time.
136
● Restore by interrupt
The stop mode is canceled by the low-power consumption control circuit if an interrupt request whose
interrupt level is higher than 7 (other than IL2, IL1, and IL0=111B of the interrupt control register (ICR)) is
generated in a peripheral circuit, etc., in the stop mode. After the stop mode is canceled, interrupts are
processed with the same method as for ordinary interrupt processing, following the elapse of the oscillation
stabilization wait time for the main clock specified by the selection bits (WS1, WS0) for the oscillation
stabilization wait time of the clock selection register (CKSCR). If the interrupts are accepted by setting the
I-flag of the condition code register (CCR), interrupt level mask register (ILM) or the interrupt control
register (ICR), the CPU executes interrupts. If an interrupt cannot be accepted, the CPU continues
processing beginning from an instruction next to the instruction that was processed before the stop mode
was set.
Notes:
• When executing an interrupt, an instruction next to the instruction that specified the stop mode is
normally executed first before an interrupt request is processed. If a change to the stop mode
occurs at the same time as an external bus hold request is received, an interrupt may be
executed first before the next instruction is executed.
• In PLL stop mode, the main clock and PLL multiplication circuit stop. During recovery from PLL
stop mode, it is necessary to allot the main clock oscillation stabilization wait time and PLL clock
oscillation stabilization wait time. The oscillation stabilization wait times for the main clock and
PLL clock are counted simultaneously according to the value specified in the oscillation
stabilization wait time selection bits (CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register. The
oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits (CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register
must be selected accordingly to account for the longer of main clock and PLL clock oscillation
stabilization wait time. The PLL clock oscillation stabilization wait time, however, requires 214/
HCLK or more. Set the oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits (CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the
clock selection register to "10B" or "11B".
Figure 7.5-3 shows the cancel operation of the stop mode.
Figure 7.5-3 Cancel Operation of Stop Mode (External Reset)
RST pin
Stop mode
Oscillation stabilization wait
PLL clock
CPU clock
CPU operation
Oscillation
Main clock
During oscillation
Not operating
Main clock
Not operating
Processing
Sequence for resetting
Reset cancel
Stop-mode cancel
137
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.6
State Transition Diagram
This section explains the transition of operational states for the MB90980 series and
describes the transition conditions.
■ State Transition Diagram
Figure 7.6-1 illustrates the transition of operational states for the MB90980 series and the transition
conditions.
Figure 7.6-1 State Transition and Transition Conditions
External reset, watchdog timer reset, software reset
Power on
Reset
Power-on reset
SCS=0
End of oscillation
stabilization wait
SCS=1
Main clock mode
SLP=1
MCS=0
PLL clock mode
MCS=1
SLP=1
Interrupt
Main sleep mode
TMD=0
Interrupt
TMD=0
STP=1
End of oscillation
stabilization wait
Oscillation
stabilization wait
of main clock
138
Interrupt
Sub clock mode
SLP=1
TMD=0
Interrupt
Watch mode
STP=1
PLL stop mode
Interrupt
Interrupt
Sub sleep mode
PLL time-base
timer mode
Main stop mode
Interrupt
SCS=1
Interrupt
PLL sleep mode
Main time-base
timer mode
STP=1
SCS=0
Sub stop mode
End of oscillation Interrupt
stabilization wait
Oscillation
stabilization wait
of main clock
End of oscillation
stabilization wait
Oscillation
stabilization wait
of sub clock
■ Operational State in Low-Power Consumption Mode
Table 7.6-1 lists operational states in the low-power consumption mode.
Table 7.6-1 Operational States in Low-Power Consumption Mode
Operational state
Main clock
Sub clock
PLL clock
PLL clock mode
CPU
Peripheral
Watch
Time-base
timer
Operating
Operating
Not
operating
Not
operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Not
operating
Not
operating
Operating
Operating
Clock
source
Operating
Operating
PLL sleep mode
Operating
Operating
Operating
PLL stop mode
Not
operating
Not
operating
Not
operating
Standby for stable
oscillation of PLL
clock mode
Operating
Operating
Operating
PLL time-base timer
mode
Main clock mode
Not
operating
Not operating
PLL clock
Operating
Operating
Main sleep mode
Operating
Operating
Main time-base timer
mode
Main stop mode
Not
operating
Not
operating
Standby for stable
oscillation of main
clock
Operating
Operating
Not
operating
Sub clock mode
Not
operating
Not operating
Main clock
Operating
Operating
Sub sleep mode
Operating
Operating
Watch mode
Sub clock stop mode
Not
operating
Standby for stable
oscillation of sub
clock
Not
operating
Not
operating
Not operating
Operating
Power-on reset
Operating
Reset
Not
operating
Operating
Not
operating
Not
operating
Sub clock
Operating
Main clock
Operating
Not
operating
Not
operating
Not operating
Operating
Operating
139
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
7.7
Pin State in Standby Mode, Hold, and Reset
The states of the pins in the standby mode and in the hold and reset states are
described for each memory access mode.
■ Pin State in Single Chip Mode
Table 7.7-1 lists the pin states in the single-chip mode.
Table 7.7-1 Pin States in Single Chip Mode
When stopped
Pin name
In sleep state
In hold state
SPL = 0
SPL = 1
Input cutoff/
Maintains the
previous state *2, *3
Input cutoff/
Output Hi-Z *3
When reset
P27 to P24
P37 to P30
P42 to P40
P67 to P60
P77, P76
Maintains the
previous state *2
P74 to P70
This state does not
exist
Input disabled/
Output Hi-Z
P97, P96
P93 to P90
PA3 to PA0
P87 to P80
Input enabled *1
Input enabled *1
Input disabled
*1: Same as in other ports when used in the output state. "Input enabled" means that input functions are ready and require
pull up/pull down or external input.
*2: The state output immediately before this mode was set is output as it is. If it is input, input is disabled.
"Input disabled" means that operations of input gates located very close to the pins are enabled, but pin states cannot be
accepted in internal operations because internal circuits are not operating.
*3: "Input cutoff" means that operations of input gates located very close to the pins are disabled. "Output Hi-Z" means that
the pin-drive transistors are disabled and the pins are set to the high-impedance state.
140
7.8
Caution on Using Low-Power Consumption Mode
When operating in the low-power consumption mode, exercise reasonable care
concerning the following:
• Change to the standby mode and interrupts
• Cancellation of standby mode by interrupt
• Cancellation of stop mode
• Oscillation stabilization wait time
• Notes on accessing the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) to
enter the standby mode
■ Change to Standby Mode and Interrupts
When a peripheral function issues an interrupt request to the CPU, the setting of "1" to the stop mode bit
(STP) and sleep mode bit (SLP) in the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) and "0" to
the watch/time-base timer mode bit (TMD) is ignored. A change to the appropriate standby mode is not
executed. (Neither is a change to the standby mode executed after interrupt processing.) In this event, the
acceptance of interrupt requests by the CPU if the interrupt level is higher than 7 is irrelevant.
Even when the CPU is processing an interrupt, the interrupt request flag bit is cleared, and a change to the
standby mode is possible unless there is another interrupt request.
■ Cancellation of Standby Mode by Interrupt
The standby mode is canceled if a peripheral function or other device issues an interrupt request whose
interrupt level is higher than 7 in the sleep, time-base timer, or stop mode. This is irrelevant to whether or
not the CPU accepts an interrupt.
After the standby mode is canceled by an interrupt, branching to an interrupt processing routine is
performed as in a normal interrupt operation if the priority of interrupt level setting bit (bits IL2, IL1, and
IL0 of the ICR register) corresponding to an interrupt request is higher than the interrupt level mask register
(ILM) and if interrupts are enabled (I = 1) by the I-flag of the condition code register (CCR). If an interrupt
is not accepted, operation is resumed beginning from an instruction next to the instruction specifying the
standby mode.
In the execution of interrupt processing, interrupt processing is normally started after execution of an
instruction next to the instruction specifying the standby mode.
However, depending on the conditions under which the mode is changed to the standby mode, interrupt
processing may be started before the next instruction is executed.
Disabling of interrupts or other actions are required before setting the standby mode if branching to an
interrupt processing routine is not performed immediately after a return.
141
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
■ Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
● Oscillation stabilization wait time of oscillation clock
The oscillator for source oscillation is stopped in the stop mode, and a oscillation stabilization wait time
must be provided. Specify the oscillation stabilization wait time selected with the selection bits (WS1 and
WS0) for the oscillation stabilization wait time of the clock selection register (CKSCR).
Set "00B" in the selection bits (WS1 and WS0) for the oscillation stabilization wait time of the clock
selection register (CKSCR) only in the main clock mode.
● Oscillation stabilization wait time of PLL clock
In main clock mode, the PLL multiplication circuit stops. When changing to PLL clock mode, it is
necessary to reserve the PLL clock oscillation stabilization wait time. The CPU runs in main clock mode
till the PLL clock oscillation stabilization wait time has elapsed.
When the main clock mode is switched to PLL clock mode, the PLL clock oscillation stabilization wait
time is fixed at 214/HCLK (HCLK: oscillation clock).
In sub clock mode, the main clock and PLL multiplication circuit stop. When changing to PLL clock mode,
it is necessary to reserve the main clock oscillation stabilization wait time and PLL clock oscillation
stabilization wait time. The oscillation stabilization wait times for main clock and PLL clock are counted
simultaneously according to the value specified in the oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits
(CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register. The oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits
(CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register must be selected accordingly to account for the longer
of the main clock and PLL clock oscillation stabilization wait times. The PLL clock oscillation stabilization
wait time, however, requires 214/HCLK or more. Set the oscillation stabilization wait time selection bits
(CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register to "10B" or "11B".
In PLL stop mode, the main clock and PLL multiplication circuit stop. During recovery from PLL stop
mode, it is necessary to allot the main clock oscillation stabilization wait time and PLL clock oscillation
stabilization wait time. The oscillation stabilization wait times for the main clock and PLL clock are
counted simultaneously according to the value specified in the oscillation stabilization wait time selection
bits (CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register. The oscillation stabilization wait time selection
bits (CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register must be selected accordingly to account for the
longer of main clock and PLL clock oscillation stabilization wait time. The PLL clock oscillation
stabilization wait time, however, requires 214/HCLK or more. Set the oscillation stabilization wait time
selection bits (CKSCR: WS1, WS0) in the clock selection register to "10B" or "11B".
■ Switching the Clock Mode
When the clock mode is switched, do not switch to low-power consumption mode and other clock mode
before this switching is completed. Confirm the completion of clock mode switching by referring to the
MCM and SCM bits of the clock selection register (CKSCR). If the mode is switched to another clock
mode or low-power consumption mode before completion of switching, the mode may not be switched.
142
■ Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to
Enter the Standby Mode
•
To access the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) with assembler language
- To set the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) to enter the standby mode, use
the instruction listed in Table 7.3-2.
- The low-power consumption mode transition instruction in Table 7.3-2 must always be followed by
an array of instructions highlighted by a line below.
MOV LPMCR,#H'xx
NOP
NOP
JMP
MOV
$+3
A,#'10
; the low-power consumption mode transition instruction in Table
7.3-2.
; jump to next instruction
; any instruction
The devices does not guarantee its operation after releasing from the standby mode if you place an
array of instructions other than the one enclosed in the line.
•
To access the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR) with C language
To enter the standby mode using the low-power consumption mode control register (LPMCR), use
one of the following methods (1) to (3) to access the register:
(1) Specify the standby mode transition instruction as a function and insert two _wait_nop() built-in
functions after that instruction. If any interrupt other than the interrupt to return from the
standby mode can occur within the function, optimize the function during compilation to
suppress the LINK and UNLINK instructions from occurring.
Example: Watch mode or time-base timer mode transition function
void enter_watch(){
IO_LPMCR.byte = 0x10;
/* Set LPMCR TMD bit to "0" */
_wait_nop();
_wait_nop();
}
(2) Define the standby mode transition instruction using _asm statements and insert two NOP and
JMP instructions after that instruction.
Example: Transition to sleep mode
_asm(" MOV I: _IO_LPMCR,#H'58"); /* Set LPMCR SLP bit to "1" */
_asm(" NOP");
_asm(" NOP");
143
CHAPTER 7 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
(3) Define the standby mode transition instruction between #pragma asm and #pragma endasm and
insert two NOP and JMP instructions after that instruction.
Example: Transition to stop mode
MOV I: _IO_LPMCR,#H'98
/* Set LPMCR STP bit to "1" */
NOP
NOP
JMP
$+3
#pragma endasm
144
/* Jump to next instruction */
CHAPTER 8
MEMORY ACCESS MODE
This chapter explains memory access mode and its
operation.
8.1 Overview of Memory Access Mode
8.2 Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0)
8.3 Mode Data
145
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY ACCESS MODE
8.1
Overview of Memory Access Mode
The F2MC-16LX has different modes in each access system and access area. Each
mode is set according to a mode pin at the reset state and according to mode data
obtained by mode-fetch.
■ Overview of Memory Access Mode
Table 8.1-1 Mode Pin and Mode
Operation mode
Bus mode
RUN mode
Single-chip mode
Flash programming
-
■ Operation Modes
Operation modes are used to control the operating conditions of devices, and they are set by mode setting
pins (MDx) and with the contents of the Mx bits in mode data. By selecting an operation mode, normal
operation activation or flash serial programming can be performed.
■ Bus Modes
MB90980 series does not support external bus function. Use single-chip mode.
146
8.2
Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0)
Mode pins are three external pins (MD2 to MD0) that specify the reset vector and mode
data fetching method.
■ Settings of Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0)
Table 8.2-1 Contents of Mode Pin Settings
MD2
MD1
MD0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Mode name
Reset vector access
area
Remarks
Setting not allowed
Internal vector mode
Internal
Operation after reset
sequence is controlled with
mode data
Setting not allowed
FLASH serial write mode
FLASH memory
mode
-
Mode when the parallel
writer is used.
Note: MD2 to MD0: Specify 0=VSS or 1=VCC.
The flash serial write mode cannot be executed by just setting the mode pins. Other terminal also
need to be set. For details, see "CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL
PROGRAMMING CONNECTION".
147
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY ACCESS MODE
8.3
Mode Data
Mode data stored at address "FFFFDFH" in memory specifies the operation immediately
after the reset sequence. Mode data is read and stored in the CPU automatically by
mode fetching.
■ Mode Data
During the reset sequence, mode data at address "FFFFDFH" is sent to the mode register in the CPU core.
The CPU uses this mode data to set the memory access mode. The contents of the mode register can be
changed only by the reset sequence. Furthermore, mode data settings become valid only after the reset
sequence. The configuration of mode data is shown in the figure below.
Figure 8.3-1 Configuration of Mode Data
bit 7
Mode data
M1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
M0
0
S1
S0
0
0
0
Bus mode
setting bits
Setting bits
of different
modes
Function expansion
bits
(reserved area)
■ Bus Mode Setting Bits (M1, M0)
Bits M1 and M0 specify the operation mode that is set after completion of the reset sequence.
Table 8.3-1 lists the contents of the settings for bits M1 and M0.
Table 8.3-1 Contents of Bit M1 and M0 Settings
148
M1
M0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Functions
Single-chip mode
(Setting is prohibited)
■ Correspondence Between Access Areas and Physical Address
Figure 8.3-2 shows the correspondence between access areas and physical addresses.
Figure 8.3-2 Relationship Between Access Areas and Physical Addresses
Single chip
FFFFFFH
ROM area
Address #1
FC0000H
010000H
ROM area,
image of FF bank
Address #2
Address #3
RAM Register
000100H
0000D0H
Peripheral
000000H
Internal access
No access
Note:
"Address #X" is determined based on individual models. See "APPENDIX A Memory Map", for
details.
■ Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data (an Example Showing
Recommended Relationship)
Table 8.3-2 shows the relationship between mode pins and mode data.
Table 8.3-2 Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
Mode
Single chip
MD2
MD1
MD0
M1
M0
0
1
1
0
0
Note:
MB90980 series can use only single-chip mode.
149
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY ACCESS MODE
150
CHAPTER 9
I/O PORT
This chapter shows the configuration and explains the
functions of the registers used for the I/O port.
9.1 Functions of I/O Port
9.2 Registers for I/O Port
151
CHAPTER 9 I/O PORT
9.1
Functions of I/O Port
This section outlines the functions of the I/O port.
■ Functions of I/O Port
The I/O port has functions to output data from the CPU to I/O pins and introduce the signals input to I/O
pins to the CPU by using the port register (PDR). Furthermore, the I/O port enables input to and output
from I/O pins to be set in any direction in units of bits by using the port direction register (DDR).
The MB90980 series has 48 input/output pins.
152
9.2
Registers for I/O Port
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of the registers used
for the I/O port.
■ Registers for I/O Port
The registers for the I/O port are listed below:
•
Port registers (PDR2 to PDR4 and PDR6 to PDRA)
•
Port direction registers (DDR2 to DDR4 and DDR6 to DDRA)
•
Output pin registers (ODR7, ODR4)
•
Analog input enable register (ADER)
•
Up/down timer input enable register (UDER)
153
CHAPTER 9 I/O PORT
9.2.1
Port registers (PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA)
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of port registers (PDR2
to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA)
■ Port Registers (PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA)
Figure 9.2-1 shows a list of port registers (PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA).
Figure 9.2-1 List of Port Registers (PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA)
PDR2
bit
Address:000002H
PDR3
bit
Address:000003H
PDR4
bit
Address:000004H
PDR6
bit
Address:000006H
PDR7
bit
Address:000007H
PDR8
bit
Address:000008H
PDR9
bit
Address:000009H
PDRA
bit
Address:00000AH
7
P27
7
P37
7
7
P67
7
P77
7
P87
7
P97
7
-
6
P26
6
P36
6
6
P66
6
P76
6
P86
6
P96
6
-
5
P25
5
P35
5
5
P65
5
5
P85
5
5
-
4
P24
4
P34
4
4
P64
4
P74
4
P84
4
4
-
3
3
P33
3
3
P63
3
P73
3
P83
3
P93
3
PA3
2
2
P32
2
P42
2
P62
2
P72
2
P82
2
P92
2
PA2
1
1
P31
1
P41
1
P61
1
P71
1
P81
1
P91
1
PA1
0
0
P30
0
P40
0
P60
0
P70
0
P80
0
P90
0
PA0
Initial value Access
XXXXXXXXB R/W *
XXXXXXXXB
R/W *
XXXXXXXXB
R/W *
XXXXXXXXB
R/W *
11XXXXXXB
R/W *
XXXXXXXXB
R/W *
XXXXXXXXB
R/W *
----XXXXB
R/W *
* : R/W access to I/O ports slightly differs in operation from R/W access to memory. Be careful about such
R/W access because it operates as follows:
- 0: Input mode
-- During reading: The level of the relevant pins is read and output.
-- During writing: Writing is performed on the latch for output.
- 1: Output mode
- During reading: The value of the data register latch is read and output.
154
9.2.2
Port direction registers (DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA)
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of port direction
registers (DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA).
■ Port Direction Registers (DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA)
Figure 9.2-2 shows a list of port direction registers (DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA).
Figure 9.2-2 List of Port Direction Registers (DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA)
DDR2
bit
Address:000012H
DDR3
bit
Address:000013H
DDR4
bit
Address:000014H
DDR6
bit
Address:000016H
DDR7
bit
Address:000017H
DDR8
bit
Address:000018H
DDR9
bit
Address:000019H
DDRA
bit
Address:00001AH
7
D27
7
D37
7
7
D67
7
7
D87
7
D97
7
-
6
D26
6
D36
6
6
D66
6
6
D86
6
D96
6
-
5
D25
5
D35
5
5
D65
5
5
D85
5
5
-
4
D24
4
D34
4
4
D64
4
D74
4
D84
4
4
-
3
3
D33
3
3
D63
3
D73
3
D83
3
D93
3
DA3
2
2
D32
2
D42
2
D62
2
D72
2
D82
2
D92
2
DA2
1
1
D31
1
D41
1
D61
1
D71
1
D81
1
D91
1
DA1
0
0
D30
0
D40
0
D60
0
D70
0
D80
0
D90
0
DA0
Initial value
0000XXXXB
Access
R/W
00000000B
R/W
XXXXX000B
R/W
00000000B
R/W
XXX00000B
R/W
00000000B
R/W
00XX0000B
R/W
- - - -0000B
R/W
● When each pin functions as a port
When each pin functions as a port, it controls the corresponding pin as follows:
•
0: Input mode
•
1: Output mode, which can be set to "0" by a reset.
Notes:
• If this register is accessed with a command of the read-modify-write type (such as the bit-set
command), the contents of the output registers corresponding to the other bits specified for input
are replaced with the input value of the pin at the time of access even if the bit specified by the
command is set to the required value. Therefore, when a pin for input is switched to a pin for
output, be sure to define DDR after writing the desired value to PDR, and then switch it to a pin
for output.
• P77 and P76 of MB90980 series do not have DDR function. Data is always valid as a port. So set
the PDR value to "1" when P77 and P76 are used as I2C pins. (When using as P77 and P76, stop
I2C.) Also this port has the open drain output format (without P-ch), therefore it is necessary to set
the PDR value to "1" in order to turn off the output transistor and to add a pull-up resistor to
external output when this port is used as an input port.
155
CHAPTER 9 I/O PORT
9.2.3
Other registers
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of registers other than
port registers (PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA) or port direction registers (DDR2 to
DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA).
■ Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4)
The bit configuration of port output pin registers (ODR7, ODR4) is shown in the figure below.
Figure 9.2-3 Bit Configuration of Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4)
ODR7
bit
Address:00001EH
ODR4
bit
Address:00001BH
7
7
-
6
6
-
5
5
-
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value Access
OD74 OD73 OD72 OD71 OD70 XXX00000B
R/W
4
3
2
1
0
OD42 OD41 OD40 XXXXX000B
R/W
Port output pin registers (ODR7, ODR4) perform open drain control in the output mode.
•
0: Sets a standard output port in the output mode
•
1: Sets an open-drain output port in the output mode
Note:
P77 and P76 are N-ch open drain pin (without P-ch).
Output pin registers (ODR7, ODR4) have no function in the input mode (Output Hi-Z).
The input or output mode is determined by the setting of the direction register (DDR).
This function is prohibited when an external bus is used. Do not write to this register.
156
■ Analog Input Enable Register (ADER)
The bit configuration of the analog input enable register (ADER) is shown in the figure below.
Figure 9.2-4 Bit Configuration of Analog Input Enable Register (ADER)
ADER
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address:00001FH ADE7 ADE6 ADE5 ADE4 ADE3 ADE2 ADE1 ADE0
Initial value Access
11111111B R/W
The analog input enable register (ADER) controls the pins of port 6 as follows:
•
0: Sets the port I/O mode
•
1: Set the analog I/O mode. "1" is restored by a reset.
In the MB90980 series, each bit is set as follows:
•
ADE0: P60/AN0
•
ADE1: P61/AN1
•
ADE2: P62/AN2
•
ADE3: P63/AN3
•
ADE4: P64/AN4
•
ADE5: P65/AN5
•
ADE6: P66/AN6
•
ADE7: P67/AN7
■ Up/Down Timer Input Enable Register (UDER)
The bit configuration of the up/down timer input enable register (UDER) is shown in the figure below.
Figure 9.2-5 Bit Configuration of Up/Down Timer Input Enable Register (UDER)
UDER
bit
Address:00000BH
7
-
6
-
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value Access
UDE5 UDE4 UDE3 UDE2 UDE1 UDE0 XX000000B R/W
The up/down timer input enable register (UDER) controls the pins of port 3 as follows:
•
0: Sets the port input mode
•
1: Sets the up/down timer input mode. "0" is restored by a reset.
In the MB90980 series, each bit is set as follows:
•
UDE0: P30/AIN0
•
UDE1: P31/BIN0
•
UDE2: P32/ZIN0
•
UDE3: P33/AIN1
•
UDE4: P34/BIN1
•
UDE5: P35/ZIN1
157
CHAPTER 9 I/O PORT
158
CHAPTER 10
TIME-BASE TIMER
This chapter explains the function and operation of the
time-base timer.
10.1 Overview of Time-base Timer
10.2 Time-base Timer Configuration
10.3 Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC)
10.4 Time-base Timer Interrupt
10.5 Time-base Timer Operation
10.6 Notes on Using Time-base Timer
10.7 Sample Programs of Time-base timer
159
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
10.1
Overview of Time-base Timer
The time-base timer, which is an 18-bit free-run counter (time-base timer counter) that
counts up in synchronization with the internal count clock (the source clock frequency
divided by 2), has the interval timer function to enable selection for four types of
interval times. Furthermore, it also has functions to supply operation clocks including
timer output for the oscillation stabilization wait time as well as the watchdog timer.
■ Interval Timer Function
The interval timer function generates repetitive interval interrupt requests.
•
An interrupt request is generated when the bit for the interval timer in the time-base counter overflows.
•
The bit for the interval timer (interval time) can be selected out of four types.
Table 10.1-1 shows the interval time of the time-base timer.
Table 10.1-1 Interval Time of Time-base Timer
Internal count clock cycle
Interval cycle
212 / HCLK (approximately 1.0 ms)
2 / HCLK (0.5 μs)
214 / HCLK (approximately 4.1 ms)
216 / HCLK (approximately 16.4 ms)
219 / HCLK (approximately 131.1 ms)
HCLK: Oscillation clock
The value during operation of the oscillation clock at 4 MHz is shown in ( ).
160
■ Clock Supplying Function
The clock supplying function is the function supplying the timer for the oscillation stabilization wait time
and the operation clocks to some peripheral functions. Table 10.1-2 lists the cycles of the clocks supplied
by the time-base timer to individual peripheral functions.
Table 10.1-2 Clock Cycles Supplied by Time-base Timer
Function to which clock
is supplied
Clock cycle
213 / HCLK (approximately 2.0 ms)
Oscillation stabilization
wait time
215 / HCLK (approximately 8.2 ms)
217 / HCLK (approximately 32.8 ms)
Remarks
Oscillation stabilization wait time for ceramic
resonator
Oscillation stabilization wait time for crystal
resonator
212 / HCLK (approximately 1.0 ms)
214 / HCLK (approximately 4.1 ms)
Watchdog timer
Up-count clock for watchdog timers
216 / HCLK (approximately 16.4 ms)
219 / HCLK (approximately 131.1 ms)
HCLK: Oscillation clock
The value during operation of the oscillation clock at 4 MHz is shown in ( ).
Because the oscillation cycle immediately after the start of oscillation is unstable, the oscillation stabilization wait time is
merely a guideline.
161
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
10.2
Time-base Timer Configuration
The time-base timer is composed of the following four blocks:
• Time-base timer counter
• Counter clear circuit
• Interval timer selector
• Time-base timer control register (TBTC)
■ Block Diagram of Time-base Timer
Figure 10.2-1 is a block diagram of the time-base timer.
Figure 10.2-1 Block Diagram of Time-base Timer
To watchdog
timer
To PPG timer
Time-base timer counter
HCLK frequency
divided by 2
× 21 × 2 2 × 23
× 28 × 29 × 210 × 211 × 212 × 213 × 214 × 215 × 216 × 217 × 218
OF
OF
Power-on reset
Stop mode start
CKSCR : MCS = 1→ 0 (*1)
CKSCR : SCS = 0 → 1 (*2)
OF
OF
To selector of oscillation
stabilization wait time
in clock control section
Counter
clear circuit
Interval timer
selector
TBOF
set
TBOF clear
Time-base timer control register (TBTC)
RESV
TBIE
TBOF
TBR
TBC1 TBC0
Time-base timer interrupt signal
OF
HCLK
*1
*2
: Undefined
: Overflow
: Oscillation clock
: Switching the machine clock from the main clock or the sub clock to the PLL clock
: Switching the machine clock from the sub clock to the main clock
● Time-base timer counter
This is an 18-bit up-counter that uses the oscillation clock (HCLK) frequency divided by 2 as the count
clock.
● Counter clear circuit
This circuit clears the counter at the time of writing of "0" to the time-base timer initializing bit (TBR) in
the time-base timer control register (TBTC), a power-on reset, a transition to the main stop mode, a
transition to the PLL stop mode, switching from the main clock mode to the PLL clock mode, switching
from sub clock mode to the PLL clock mode, and switching from the sub clock mode to main clock mode.
162
● Interval timer selector
Selects one of the four types for time-base timer counter output. Overflow of the selected bit causes an
interrupt.
● Time-base timer control register (TBTC)
Selects the interval time, clears the counter, controls interrupt requests, and checks the current state.
163
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
10.3
Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC)
This register selects the interval time, clears the counter, controls interrupt requests,
and checks the state.
■ Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC)
Figure 10.3-1 Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC)
Address
bit15 bit14
0000A9H RESV
R/W
bit13 bit12 bit11
bit10
bit9
bit8 bit7
bit0
TBIE TBOF TBR TBC1 TBC0
R/W
R/W
W
R/W
(TBTC)
Initial value
1XX00100B
R/W
TBC1 TBC0
Interval time selection bit
0
0
212/HCLK (approximately 1.0 ms)
0
1
214/HCLK (approximately 4.1 ms)
1
0
216/HCLK (approximately 16.4 ms)
1
1
219/HCLK (approximately 131 ms)
The value during operation of the oscillation clock at 4 MHz
is shown in ( ).
TBR
Time-base timer initializing bit
During reading
During writing
Clears TBOF bit of time-base
timer counter.
0
1
TBOF
164
Interrupt request flag bit
During reading
During writing
No overflow of
specified bit
Clears this bit.
1
Overflow of specified
bit
No change, no effect on
other functions
Interrupt request permit bit
0
Prohibits interrupt request output.
1
Permits interrupt request output.
RESV
: Readable/Writable
: Write only
: Undefined bit
x
: Undefined
HCLK : Oscillation clock
: Initial value
No change, no effect on
other functions
0
TBIE
R/W
W
"1" is always read
and output
Reserved bit
Always write "1" to this bit.
Table 10.3-1 Functions of Bits in Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC)
Bit name
Function
bit15
RESV:
Reserved bit
bit14,
bit13
Undefined bits
•
•
bit12
TBIE:
Interrupt request permit
bit
This bit permits or prohibits output of interrupt requests to the CPU.
• An interrupt request is output if this bit and the interrupt request flag bit (TBOF)
are set to "1".
TBOF:
Interrupt request flag bit
This bit is set to "1" when the bit specified by the time-base timer counter
overflows.
• An interrupt request is output if this bit and the interrupt request permit bit
(TBIF) are set to "1".
• This bit is cleared by writing "0" but is not changed by writing "1" so that this
operation does not affect other functions.
Notes:
• Clearing of the interrupt request flag bit (TBOF) must be implemented in the
state where the time-base timer interrupt is prohibited by the interrupt request
permit bit (TBIE) or by the interrupt level mask register (ILM) setting of the
processor status (PS).
• This bit is cleared to "0" by writing "0", a transition to the main stop mode, a
transition to the PLL stop mode, a transition from the sub clock mode to the
main clock mode, a transition from the sub clock mode to the PLL clock mode,
a transition from the main clock mode to the PLL clock mode, writing "0" to the
time-base timer initializing bit (TBR) or a reset.
bit10
TBR:
Time-base timer
initializing bit
This bit clears the time-base timer counter.
• When "0" is written to this bit, the counter is cleared and the TBOF bit is
cleared. This bit is not changed by writing "1" so that this operation does not
affect other functions.
[Reference]
The readout value is always "1".
bit9,
bit8
TBC1, TBC0:
Interval time selection
bit
This bit specifies the cycle of the interval timer.
• The bit for the interval timer in the time-base timer counter is specified.
• The interval time can be selected out of four types.
bit11
Always write "1" to this bit.
Undefined value in reading
No effect on write operation
165
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
10.4
Time-base Timer Interrupt
The time-base timer can generate the interrupt request caused by an overflow of the
specified bit in the time-base timer counter (interval timer function).
■ Time-base Timer Interrupt
When the time-base timer counter counts up using the internal count clock and the bit for the selected
interval timer overflows, the interrupt request flag bit (TBOF) of the time-base timer control register
(TBTC) is set to "1". In this event, if an interrupt request is permitted because the interrupt request permit
bit (TBIE) is set to "1", an interrupt request is generated in the CPU. Clear this interrupt request by writing
"0" to the TBOF bit using the interrupt processing routine. Incidentally, TBOF bit is set when the specified
bit overflows regardless for the value for the interrupt request permit bit (TBIE).
Notes:
• Clearing of the interrupt request flag bit (TBOF) in the time-base timer control register (TBTC)
must be implemented in the state where the time-base timer interrupt is prohibited by the interrupt
request permit bit (TBIE) or by the interrupt level mask register (ILM) setting of the processor
status (PS).
• If the TBOF bit is set to "1", an interrupt request is generated immediately when the TBIE bit is
switched from prohibit (0) to permit (1).
• μDMAC cannot be used in the time-base timer.
■ Time-base Timer Interrupt and μDMAC
Table 10.4-1 lists time-base timer interrupts and μDMAC.
Table 10.4-1 Time-base Timer Interrupt and μDMAC
Interrupt level setting register
Address of the vector table
Interrupt No.
#41
Register name
Address
Low-order
High-order
Bank
ICR15
0000BFH
FFFF58H
FFFF59H
FFFF5AH
μDMAC
x
x: Not used
Note:
ICR15 is commonly used by the time-base timer interrupt, the watch timer interrupt, and FLASH
write. Although interrupt can be used for these three purposes, the interrupt level is the same.
166
10.5
Time-base Timer Operation
The time-base timer has the interval timer function as well as the clock supplying
function for some peripheral functions.
■ Operation of Interval Timer Function (Time-base Timer)
The interval timer function generates interrupt requests at any defined interval times. For its operation as an
interval timer, the settings shown in Figure 10.5-1 are required.
Figure 10.5-1 Time-base Timer Settings
Address
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
0000A9H TBTC
RESV
1
bit8 bit7
TBIE TBOF TBR TBC1 TBC0
0
bit0
(WDTC)
0
: Bits in use
: Undefined bits
0 : "0" is set
1 : "1" is set
•
The time-base timer counter continues counting up in synchronization with the internal count clock (the
source clock frequency divided by 2) as long as the clock is oscillating.
•
When the counter has been cleared, the starts from "0", and an overflow of the bit used for the interval
timer sets the interrupt request flag bit (TBOF) to "1". In this event, if the interrupt request output is
permitted (TBIE = 1), interrupts are generated at the selected interval times with the clearing time used
as a reference time point.
•
The interval time may become longer than the specified time, e, when the time-base timer was cleared.
■ Timer Function for Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
The time-base timer can also be used as the oscillation clock as well as the timer for the oscillation
stabilization wait time of the PLL clock. The oscillation stabilization wait time is the time in which
counting starts when the counter is set to "0" (clearing of counter) and continues until an overflow occurs in
the bit for the oscillation stabilization wait time. However, during return from the time-base timer mode to
the PLL clock mode or main clock mode, the waiting time differs because the time-base timer counter is
not cleared and the time count does not start from zero. Table 10.5-1 explains the time-base timer counter
clear operation and oscillation stabilization wait time.
167
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
Table 10.5-1 Time-base Timer Counter Clear Operation and Oscillation Stabilization Wait
Time.
Operation
Counter
clear
TBOF
clear
Writing "0" to time-base timer
initializing bit (TBR) for timebase timer control register
(TBTC)
Oscillation stabilization wait time
−
Power-on reset
Watchdog reset
✕
Oscillation stabilization wait time of main
clock
Release of the main stop mode
Release of the PLL stop mode
Release of the sub stop mode
✕
✕
Oscillation stabilization wait time of sub
clock
Switching from main clock
mode to PLL clock mode
(SCM: transition from 1 to 0)
Oscillation stabilization wait time of PLL
clock
Transition from sub clock mode
to main clock mode (SCM:
transition from 0 to 1)
Oscillation stabilization wait time of main
clock
Release of time-base timer
mode
✕
✕
−
Release of sleep mode
✕
✕
−
: Cleared
✕: Not cleared
■ Clock Supplying Function
The time-base timer supplies a clock to the watchdog timer. Clearing of the time-base timer counter affects
the operation of the watchdog timer.
168
■ Operation of Time-base Timer
Operations in the following states are shown in Figure 10.5-2:
•
Where the power-on reset has occurred
•
Where transition to the sleep mode has occurred during processing for the interval timer function
•
Where transition to the stop mode has occurred
•
Where clearing of the counter is requested
Transition to the stop mode clears the time-base timer to stop operation. After restoration from the stop
mode, the time-base timer starts an up-count of the oscillation stabilization wait time.
Figure 10.5-2 Operation of Time-base Timer
Counter value
3FFFFH
Clearing by transition
to stop mode
Overflow during
oscillation stabilization
wait time
00000H
Start of CPU
operation
Power-on reset
(option)
Interval cycle
(TBTC : TBC1, TBC0 = 11B)
Clearing of counter
(TBTC : TBR = 0)
Clearing by the interrupt
processing routine
TBOF bit
TBIE bit
Sleep
SLP bit
(LPMCR register)
Release of interval interrupt sleep
Stoppage
STP bit
(LPMCR register)
Release of stoppage
by external interrupt
"11B" is set to the interval time selection bit (TBTC; TBC1, TBC0)
in the time-base timer control register (219/HCLK).
: Oscillation stabilization wait time
HCLK : Oscillation clock
169
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
10.6
Notes on Using Time-base Timer
This section explains notes on using the time-base timer, including the effects of
clearing an interrupt request or clearing the time-base timer on peripheral functions.
■ Notes on Using Time-base Timer
● Clearing an interrupt request
Clearing the interrupt request flag bit (TBOF) of the time-base timer control register (TBTC) must be
implemented in the state where the time-base timer interrupt is masked by the interrupt request permit bit
(TBIE) or by the interrupt level mask register (ILM) setting of the processor status (PS).
● Effect of clearing the time-base timer
Clearing the time-base timer counter affects the following:
•
Operations where the interval timer function (interval interrupt) is used by the time-base timer
•
Operations using the watchdog timer
● Use of the timer for the oscillation stabilization wait time
When power is turned on, the oscillation clock is stopped in the main stop mode. In such a case, after the
oscillator starts operating, the oscillation stabilization wait time of the oscillation clock must be provided
by using as a timing reference the operation clock supplied by the time-base timer. An appropriate
oscillation stabilization wait time must be selected depending on the type of oscillator (resonator)
connected to the high-speed oscillation pin. See Section "6.5 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time", for
details.
● Caution on using peripheral functions whose operation clock is supplied from the time-base timer
In a mode where the main clock stops, the counter is cleared and the time-base timer stops operating.
Furthermore, because the clock supplied by the time-base timer is reset to the initial state and is supplied
again when the time-base timer counter is cleared, the period of "H" level may become shorter or the period
of "L" level may become longer by a maximum of a 1/2 cycle. Although the clock for the watchdog timer
is also supplied from the initial state, the watchdog timer operates at normal cycles because the watchdog
time counter is cleared at the same time.
170
10.7
Sample Programs of Time-base timer
Sample programs for the time-base timer are shown below.
■ Sample Programs of Time-base Timer
● Specifications for processing
Repetitively generate an interval interrupt of 212/HCLK (oscillation clock). The interval time in this case is
approximately 1.0 ms (when operating at 4 MHz).
● Sample coding
ICR12 EQU
0000BCH
; Interrupt control register for time-base timer
TBTC
EQU
0000A9H
; Time-base timer control register
TBOF
EQU
TBTC:3
; Interrupt request flag bit
;---------- Main program ------------------------------------------CODE
CSEG
START:
;
:
; Assumption that stack pointer
; (SP), etc., have been initialized
AND
CCR, #0BFH
; Disabling interrupts
MOV
I:ICR12, #00H
; Interrupt level 0 (highest)
MOV
I:TBTC, #10010000B
; Three high-order bits must be fixed
; Permitting interrupts, clearing of TBOF
; Clearing the counter
; Selection for interval time of 212/HCLK
MOV
ILM, #07H
; Setting ILM in PS to level 7
OR
CCR, #40H
; Enabling interrupts
LOOP: MOV
A,#00H
; Infinite loop
MOV
A,#01H
BRA
LOOP
;---------- Interrupt program -------------------------------------WARI:
CLR bit BOF
; Clearing the interrupt request flag
;
:
;
User processing
;
:
RETI
; Restoration from interrupt
CODE
ENDS
;---------- Specifying vectors ------------------------------------VECT
CSEG
ABS=0FFH
ORG
0FF6CH
; Specifying the interrupt vector
DSL
WARI
ORG
0FFDCH
; Specifying the reset vector
DSL
START
DB
00H
; Setting to the single-chip mode
VECT
ENDS
END
START
171
CHAPTER 10 TIME-BASE TIMER
172
CHAPTER 11
WATCHDOG TIMER
This chapter describes the operation and function of the
watchdog timer.
11.1 Overview of Watchdog Timer
11.2 Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC)
11.3 Watchdog Timer Configuration
11.4 Watchdog Timer Operation
11.5 Notes on Using Watchdog Timer
11.6 Sample Programs of Watchdog Timer
173
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
11.1
Overview of Watchdog Timer
The watchdog timer is a 2-bit counter that uses the output of the time-base timer or the
watch timer as the count clock, and if it is not cleared within a certain period of time
after startup, this timer resets the CPU.
■ Functions of Watchdog Timer
The watchdog timer is a counter used to prevent runaway programs. Once it is started, this timer must be
cleared periodically within a certain period of time. If it is not cleared within a certain period of time
because a program is running in an infinite loop, it generates a watchdog reset to the CPU. The interval
time of the watchdog timer can be specified on the WT1 and WT0 bits in the watchdog timer control
register (WDTC), as shown in Table 11.1-1. If the watchdog timer is not cleared, a watchdog reset is
generated between the minimum time and the maximum time. Be sure to clear the timer within the
minimum time.
The output destination of the clock source is set by the watchdog clock selection bit (WTC:WDCS) of the
clock timer control register.
Table 11.1-1 Interval Time for Watchdog Timer
Interval time
WT1
WT0
WDCS
SCM
Number of clock cycles
Minimum *
Maximum *
0
0
1
1
Approximately 3.58 ms
Approximately 4.61 ms
(214 ± 211) HCLK cycles
0
1
1
1
Approximately 14.33 ms
Approximately 18.43 ms
(216 ± 213) HCLK cycles
1
0
1
1
Approximately 57.23 ms
Approximately 73.73 ms
(218 ± 215) HCLK cycles
1
1
1
1
Approximately 458.75 ms
Approximately 589.82 ms
(221 ± 218) HCLK cycles
0
0
Approximately 0.457 s
Approximately 0.576 s
(212 ± 29) SCLK cycles
0
1
Approximately 3.584 s
Approximately 4.608 s
(215 ± 212) SCLK cycles
1
0
Approximately 7.168 s
Approximately 9.216 s
(216 ± 213) SCLK cycles
1
1
Approximately 14.336 s
Approximately 18.432 s
(217 ± 214) SCLK cycles
Combination other
than the above
*: Values during operation of the oscillation clock (HCLK) at 4 MHz and the sub clock (SCLK) at 32 kHz frequency divided by 4 (= 8
kHz)
The maximum and minimum watchdog timer interval times and the number of the oscillation clock cycles depend on the timing of the
clear operation. The interval time is 3.5 to 4.5 times as large as the cycle of the count clock (clock supplied by the time-base timer).
For the watchdog timer interval times, see Section "11.4 Watchdog Timer Operation".
174
Note:
The watchdog counter is composed of a 2-bit counter to count the carry signals of the time-base
timer. Therefore, if the time-base timer counter has been cleared, the time until the occurrence of
watchdog reset may become longer than the specified time.
To use the sub clock as a machine clock, please select the output of the clock timer by setting the
watchdog timer clock source selection bit (WDCS) of the clock timer control register (WTC) to "0".
175
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
11.2
Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC)
The watchdog timer control register (WDTC) is used for the start and clearing of the
watchdog timer and the display of reset causes.
■ Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC)
Figure 11.2-1 shows the configuration of the watchdog timer control register (WDTC), and Table 11.2-1
explains the function of each bit in the WDTC register.
Figure 11.2-1 Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC)
Address
0000A8H
bit15
bit8
(TBTC)
bit7
bit6
PONR
⎯
R
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
WRST ERST SRST WTE WT1
R
R
R
W
bit0
Initial value
WT0
XXXXX111B
W
W
Interval time selection bit (at HCLK: 4 MHz; SCLK: 32 kHz)
Interval time
Number of oscillation
& SCM
clock cycles
Minimum
Maximum
WT1 WT0 WDCS
0
0
1
Approximately 3.58 ms
Approximately 4.61 ms
(214 ± 211) HCLK cycles
0
1
1
Approximately 14.33 ms Approximately 18.3 ms
(216 ± 213) HCLK cycles
1
0
1
Approximately 57.23 ms Approximately 73.73 ms
(218 ± 215) HCLK cycles
0
1
1
Approximately 458.75 ms Approximately 589.82 ms (221 ± 218) HCLK cycles
0
0
Approximately 0.576 s
(212 ± 29) SCLK cycles
1
0
0
Approximately 0.457 s
0
Approximately 3.584 s
Approximately 4.608 s
(215 ± 212) SCLK cycles
1
0
0
Approximately 7.168 s
Approximately 9.216 s
(216 ± 213) SCLK cycles
1
1
0
Approximately 14.336 s
Approximately 18.432 s
(217 ± 214) SCLK cycles
HCLK: Oscillation clock
SCLK: Sub clock
Watchdog control bit
WTE
0
Starts the watchdog timer
(at first write event after reset)
Clears the watchdog timer
(at second write event after reset)
1
No operation
⎯
Reading and writing has no effect on operation
Reset cause bits
Reset cause
PONR WRST ERST SRST
R
W
x
*
: Read only
: Write only
: Undefined
: Undefined bit
: The previous state is held.
: Default value
1
X
X
X
Power on
*
1
*
*
Watchdog timer
*
*
1
*
External pin (RST = "L" input)
*
*
*
1
RST bit (software reset)
The interval time is 3.5 to 4.5 times as large as the count clock (output value of the time-base timer) cycle.
See Section "11.4 Watchdog Timer Operation", for details.
176
Table 11.2-1 Function of Bits in Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC)
Bit name
Function
bit7,
bit5,
bit4,
bit3
PONR, WRST, ERST,
SRST:
Reset cause bits
These are read-only bits that indicate reset causes. Each of these bits is set to "1"
when the corresponding reset cause has occurred.
• All of these bits are cleared to "0" after reading of the WDTC register.
• When power is turned on, the contents of bits other than the PONR bit are not
assured. Therefore, if the PONR bit is set to "1", ignore the contents of other
bits.
bit6
Undefined
When read:
When written:
WTE:
Watchdog control bit
This is a bit for starting or clearing the watchdog timer.
• When "0" is written to this bit, the watchdog timer is started (at the first write
event after a reset) or the 2-bit counter is cleared (at the second and succeeding
write events after a reset).
• Writing "1" does not affect operation.
bit2
•
•
bit1,
bit0
WT1, WT0:
Interval time selection bits
•
•
•
The bits contain indeterminate values.
The bits have no effect.
These are the bits for selecting the interval time of the watchdog timer.
The interval time varies, as shown in Figure 11.2-1, between the case where
the sub clock mode is selected as the clock mode (the sub clock display bit
(SCM) of the clock selection register (CKSCR) is "0") or the clock source of
the watchdog timer is set to the watch timer by the watch timer control register
(WTC) (the watchdog timer clock source selection bit (WDCS) is set to "0")
and the case where the main clock mode or PLL clock mode is selected as the
clock mode while the WDCS bit of WTC is set to "1".
Only data that has been defined before the start of the watchdog timer are
effective.
Any data that is written after the start of the watchdog timer is ignored
These bits are write-only.
177
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
11.3
Watchdog Timer Configuration
The watchdog timer is composed of the following five blocks:
• Count clock selector
• Watchdog counter (2-bit counter)
• Watchdog reset generation circuit
• Counter clear control circuit
• Watchdog timer control register (WDTC)
■ Block Diagram of Watchdog Timer
Figure 11.3-1 is a block diagram of the watchdog timer.
Figure 11.3-1 Block Diagram of Watchdog Timer
Watchdog timer control register (WDTC)
PONR Reserved WRST ERST SRST WTE WT1
WT0
WDCS bit in watch timer control register (WTC)
SCM bit in clock selection register (CKSCR)
Watch mode start
Time-base timer mode start
Sleep mode start
Hold state start
Watchdog timer
Stop mode start
2
CLR
and start
Counter clear
control circuit
Count
clock
selector
2-bit
counter
Overflow
CLR
Watchdog
reset
generation
circuit
To internal reset
generation circuit
CLR
4
Clear
4
(Time-base timer counter)
HCLK frequency
divided by 2
× 21 × 22
× 28 × 29 × 210 × 211 × 212 × 213 × 214 × 215 × 216 × 217 × 218
SCLK
× 21 × 22
× 28 × 29 × 210 × 211 × 212 × 213 × 214 × 215 × 216 × 217 × 218
HCLK: Oscillation clock
SCLK: Sub clock
● Count clock selector
This circuit selects the count clock of the watchdog timer from among four types of time-base timer output
and four types of watch timer output. This selection determines the time for generating a watchdog reset.
● Watchdog counter (2-bit counter)
This is a 2-bit up-counter that uses time-base timer output as the count clock.
● Watchdog reset generation circuit
This circuit generates a reset signal for an overflow of the watchdog counter.
178
● Counter clear control circuit
This circuit controls the clearing of the watchdog counter and the start and stop of the counter.
● Watchdog timer control register (WDTC)
This register is used for the start and clearing of the watchdog timer, and holding of the reset cause.
179
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
11.4
Watchdog Timer Operation
The watchdog timer generates a watchdog reset for an overflow of the watchdog
counter.
■ Operation of Watchdog Timer
Figure 11.4-1 shows the settings required for operation of the watchdog timer.
Figure 11.4-1 Watchdog Timer Settings
Address
bit15
0000A8H WDTC
bit8
(TBTC)
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
PONR Reserved WRST ERST SRST WTE WT1
bit0
WT0
0
: Bits being used
0 : Set to "0"
● Starting the watchdog timer
•
After a reset, the watchdog timer starts operation when the first "0" is written to the watchdog control
bit (WTE) in the watchdog timer control register (WDTC). The interval time is then specified at the
same time on the interval time selection bits (WT1, WT0) in the WDTC register.
● Clearing of the watchdog timer
•
The 2-bit counter of the watchdog timer is cleared when the second or subsequent "0" is written to the
WTE bit. If the counter is not cleared within the interval time, the counter overflows to generate a
watchdog reset.
•
The watchdog counter is cleared when a reset occurs and by a transition to the sleep mode, stop mode,
time-base timer mode, or timer mode.
Note:
When a transition to the time-base timer mode or watch mode occurs, the watchdog counter is
cleared once, but be careful because the watchdog counter does not stop after being cleared.
● Interval time of the watchdog timer
Figure 11.4-2 shows the relationship between the clear timing and interval time of the watchdog timer. The
interval time varies depending on the timing when the watchdog timer is cleared, which takes 3.5 to 4.5
times as much time as the count clock cycle.
● Check of reset causes
After a reset, the reset cause can be found by checking the reset cause bits (PONR, WRST, ERST, and
SRST) in the WDTC register.
180
Figure 11.4-2 Clearing Timing and Interval Time of Watchdog Timer
[Block diagram of watchdog timer]
2-bit counter
Clock
selector
a
WTE bit
frequency
divide-by-2
circuit
Count permit
output circuit
b
frequency
divide-by-2
circuit
c
d
Reset circuit
Reset signal
Count permit and clear
[Minimum interval time] The WTE bit is cleared immediately before the count clock starts.
Start of count
Counter clearing
Count clock a
frequency divide-by-2 value b
frequency divide-by-2 value c
Count permit
Reset signal d
7 × (count-clock-cycles/2)
WTE bit clearing
Occurrence of watchdog reset
[Maximum interval time] The WTE bit is cleared immediately after the count clock starts.
Start of count
Counter clearing
Count clock a
frequency divide-by-2 value b
frequency divide-by-2 value c
Count permit
Reset signal
9 × (count-clock-cycles/2)
WTE bit clearing
Occurrence of watchdog reset
181
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
11.5
Notes on Using Watchdog Timer
This section explains notes on using the watchdog timer.
■ Notes on Using Watchdog Timer
● Stopping the watchdog timer
The watchdog timer stops by all reset causes.
● Interval time
Because the interval time uses the carry signals of the time-base timer as the count clock, the interval time
of the watchdog timer may become longer than the specified time when the time-base timer is cleared.
The time-base timer is also cleared by writing "0" to the TBR bit in the time-base timer control register
(TBTC), transition from main clock mode to PLL clock mode, transition from sub clock mode to main
clock mode, and transition from sub clock mode to PLL clock mode.
● Selection of the interval time
The interval time can be specified when the watchdog timer is started. Any data written after the start of the
watchdog timer is ignored.
● Caution on creating programs
When creating a program that clears the watchdog timer repetitively in the main loop, the main loop
processing time, including interrupt processing, must be less than the minimum interval time of the
watchdog timer.
● Caution at sub clock mode
Please select the output of the clock timer by setting the watchdog timer clock source selection bit (WDCS)
of the clock timer control register (WTC) to "0" on sub clock mode.
182
11.6
Sample Programs of Watchdog Timer
Sample programs for the watchdog timer are shown below.
■ Sample Programs for Watchdog Timer
● Specifications for processing
•
Clears the watchdog timer once per loop of the main program.
•
The main loop must complete a circuit within the minimum interval time of the watchdog timer.
● Sample coding
WDTC
EQU
0000A8H
; Watchdog timer control register
WTE
EQU
WDTC:2
; Watchdog control bit
;---------- Main program -----------------------------------------------------CODE
CSEG
START:
;
:
; Assumption that the stack pointer (SP),
; etc., have been initialized.
WDG_START:
MOV
WDTC, #00000011B
; Start of watchdog timer Selection of
;interval time of 221 ± 218 cycles
;---------- Main loop --------------------------------------------------------MAIN:
CLRB
I:WTE
; Clearing of watchdog timer
;
:
; Periodic 2-bit clearing
;
User processing
;
:
JMP
MAIN
; Loop time shorter than interval
; time of watchdog timer
CODE
ENDS
;---------- Specifying vectors -----------------------------------------------VECT
CSEG
ABS=0FFH
ORG
0FFDCH
; Specifying the reset vector
DSL
START
DB
00H
; Setting to the single-chip mode
VECT
ENDS
END
START
183
CHAPTER 11 WATCHDOG TIMER
184
CHAPTER 12
WATCH TIMER
This chapter has an overview of the watch timer,
describes the configuration and functions of the
register, and explains the operation of the watch timer.
12.1 Overview of Watch Timer
12.2 Watch Timer Configuration
12.3 Watch Timer Control Register (WTC)
12.4 Watch Timer Operation
185
CHAPTER 12 WATCH TIMER
12.1
Overview of Watch Timer
The watch timer is a 15-bit timer using the sub clock. This timer can generate interval
interrupts. Furthermore, depending on the setting, this timer can be used as the clock
source for the watchdog timer.
■ Functions of Watch Timer
The watch timer is composed of a 15-bit timer and a circuit to control interval interrupts.
The watch timer uses the sub clock regardless of the PLL clock selection bit (MCS) or the sub clock
selection bit (SCS) in the clock selection register (CKSCR).
Table 12.1-1 lists the interval times of the watch timer.
Table 12.1-1 Interval Times of Watch Timer
WTC2
WTC1
WTC0
Interval time *
0
0
0
31.25 ms
0
0
1
62.5 ms
0
1
0
125 ms
0
1
1
250 ms
1
0
0
500 ms
1
0
1
1.000 s
1
1
0
2.000 s
1
1
1
Setting is prohibited
*: Sub clock: 32 kHz frequency divided by 4 (= 8 kHz)
186
12.2
Watch Timer Configuration
The watch timer is composed of four blocks that include the following:
• Interval selector
• Watch counter
• Watch timer interrupt generating circuit
• Watch timer control register (WTC)
■ Block Diagram of Watch Timer
Figure 12.2-1 is a block diagram of the watch timer.
Figure 12.2-1 Block Diagram of Watch Timer
Watch timer control register (WTC)
WDCS
SCE
WTIE WTOF
Watch counter
Sub clock
212
213
214
WTR
Clear
28
29
210
211
212
213
214
215
WTC2 WTC1 WTC0
Interval selector
Interrupt
generating
circuit
Interrupt of
watch timer
To watchdog timer
● Watch counter
This is a 15-bit up-counter that uses the sub clock as the clock source.
● Interval selector
This selector selects watch timer interrupt intervals.
● Interrupt generating circuit
This circuit generates the interval interrupts of the watch timer.
● Watch timer control register (WTC)
This register controls operation of the watch timer and watch timer interrupt, and it specifies the clock
source for the watchdog timer.
187
CHAPTER 12 WATCH TIMER
12.3
Watch Timer Control Register (WTC)
The watch timer control register (WTC) controls operation of the watch timer. This
register also controls the time of interval interrupts.
■ Configuration of Watch Timer Control Register (WTC)
Figure 12.3-1 shows the configuration of the watch timer control register (WTC), and Table 12.3-1 lists the
functions of bits in the watch timer control register (WTC).
Figure 12.3-1 Configuration of Watch Timer Control Register (WTC)
Address
bit15
0000AAH
bit8
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
WDCS SCE WTIE WTOF WTR WTC2 WTC1 WTC0
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
WTC2 WTC1 WTC0
Initial value
10001000B
R/W
Watch timer interval selection bit
Interval time
(sub clock 32 kHz)
0
0
0
0
0
1
31.25 ms
62.5 ms
0
1
0
125 ms
0
1
1
0
1
0
250 ms
500 ms
1
0
1
1
1
0
1.000 s
2.000 s
1
1
1
Setting is prohibited
WTR
0
1
WTOF
0
1
Watch counter clear bit
All bits of the watch timer counter are cleared to "0".
Nothing happens. This bit is always read during reading.
Watch timer interrupt request flag bit
No interrupt request is generated.
An interrupt request is generated.
Watch timer interval interrupt permit bit
WTIE
0
Interrupt prohibited.
1
Interrupt permitted.
SCE
0
1
R/W : Readable/Writable
R
: Read only
: Default value
188
Bit indicating end of waiting time to stable
oscillation of sub clock
The waiting time to stable oscillation is ongoing.
The waiting time to stable oscillation has ended.
Watchdog timer clock source selection bit
WDCS
0
Select the clock for the watch timer
1
Select the clock for the time-base timer.
Table 12.3-1 Functions of Bits in Watch Timer Control Register (WTC)
Bit name
Function
WDCS:
Watchdog timer clock
source selection bit
This bit is for selecting the clock source for the watchdog timer.
• If set to "0", this bit specifies clock for the watch timer; if set to "1", it specifies
clock for the time-base timer. If the mode transits to the sub clock mode with
setting to "1", the watchdog timer stops.
• This bit is initialized to "1" by a reset.
bit6
SCE:
Bit indicating end of
oscillation stabilization
wait time for sub clock
This bit indicates that the oscillation stabilization wait time of the sub clock has
ended.
• If set to "0", this bit indicates that the oscillation stabilization wait time of the
sub clock is ongoing.
• The oscillation stabilization wait time of the sub clock is fixed at 214 cycles of
the sub clock.
• This bit is initialized to "0" by a power-on reset or stoppage.
bit5
WTIE:
Watch timer interval
interrupt permit bit
This bit is for permitting interval interrupts by the watch timer.
• If set to "1", this bit permits interrupts; if set to "0", it prohibits interrupts.
• This bit is initialized to "0" by a reset
bit4
WTOF:
Watch timer interrupt
request flag bit
This bit indicates that an interrupt request by the watch timer has been issued.
• If this bit is set to "1" and the WTIE bit is set to "1", an interrupt request has
been issued.
• This bit is set to "1" at each interval time specified by the WTC2 to WTC0 bits.
• This bit is cleared to "0" by writing "0", a transition to the stop mode, and a
reset.
• Writing "1" to this bit has no effect.
bit3
WTR:
Watch counter clear bit
This bit is for clearing all bits to "0" in the watch timer counter.
• Writing "0" to this bit clears the watch timer counter to "0".
• Writing "1" to this bit has no effect.
• During reading, "1" is always read and output.
bit2,
bit1,
bit0
WTC2, WTC1, WTC0:
Watch timer interval
selection bits
These bits specify the interval of the watch timer.
• These bits are initialized to "000B" by a reset.
• When changing the bit settings, clear the WTOF bit at the same time.
bit7
189
CHAPTER 12 WATCH TIMER
12.4
Watch Timer Operation
The watch timer functions as a clock source for the watchdog timer, timer for the
oscillation stabilization wait time of the sub clock, and interval timer to generate
interrupts at fixed intervals.
■ Watch Counter
The watch counter is composed of a 15-bit counter to count the sub clock, and it always continues counting
as long as the sub clock is input.
● Clearing the watch counter
The operation of clearing the watch counter is affected by a power-on reset, a transition to the stop mode,
and writing "0" to the watch counter clear bit (WTR) in the watch timer control register (WTC).
Notes:
• Clearing the watch counter affects the watchdog timer and interval interrupts that use watch timer
output.
• To clear the watch timer by writing "0" to the WTR bit in the watch timer control register (WTC),
set the WTIE bit to "0" and set the watch timer to interrupt inhibited state. Before permitting an
interrupt, clear the interrupt request issued by writing "0" to the WTOF flag.
■ Interval Interrupt Function of Watch Timer
This function generates interrupts at fixed intervals by using the carry signals of the watch counter.
● Specification of the interval time
The interval time can be specified with the WTC2, WTC1, and WTC0 bits in the WTC register.
● Generation of watch timer interrupts
The watch timer interrupt request flag bit (WTOF) is set at each interval time specified by the WTC2 to 0
bits. Consequently, when interrupts are permitted by setting the watch timer interval interrupt permit bit
(WTIE) to "1", a watch timer interrupt occurs.
The timing, when the WTOF bit is set, depends on the timing as a time reference when the watch timer was
cleared for the last time.
Because the watch timer is used as the timer for the oscillation stabilization wait time of the sub clock after
a transition to the stop mode, the WTOF bit is simultaneously cleared at the transition to this mode.
190
■ Clock Source for Watchdog Timer Specifying Function
The clock source for the watchdog timer can be specified with the watchdog timer clock source selection
bit (WDCS) of the WTC register. If the sub clock is used as the machine clock, set the WDCS bit to "0"
and select the output of the watch timer. If the mode transits to the sub clock mode with the WDCS bit
setting to "1", the watchdog timer stops.
■ Sub Clock Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time Function
For a power-on reset, restoration from the stop mode or the watch timer functions as the timer for the
oscillation stabilization wait time of the sub clock. The oscillation stabilization wait time of the sub clock is
fixed at 214 cycles of the sub clock.
191
CHAPTER 12 WATCH TIMER
192
CHAPTER 13
16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT
TIMER
This chapter has an overview of the 16-bit input/output
timer, describes the configuration and function of its
register, and explains its operation.
13.1 Overview of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
13.2 Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
13.3 Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output Timer Register
13.4 Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
13.5 16-bit Input/Output Timer Operation
13.6 Program Example of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
193
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.1
Overview of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
The 16-bit input/output timer consists of one module of a 16-bit free-run timer, four
modules of output compare, and two modules of input capture. This function provides
an output of six independent waveforms based on the 16-bit free-run time, enabling
measurement of input pulse widths and external clock intervals.
■ Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
The 16-bit input/output timer consists of a free-run timer, output compare, and input capture, whose
functions are explained below.
● Free-run timer (x 1)
Free-run timer consists of 16-bit up-counter, control register, and prescaler. The output value of the freerun timer uses as a base time (base timer) of input capture and output compare. Clock for the count
operation can be selected from 8 types of clocks.
•
Internal clock: 8 (φ, φ/2, φ/4, φ/8, φ/16, φ/32, φ/64, φ/128)
•
Either internal clock or external clock (FRCK) can be selected as a base machine clock.
Interrupt occurs in the counter overflow event or compare match event with compare clear register
(compare match requires the mode setting).
Counter can be initialized by reset event, clear event by software or compare match event with compare
clear register 0.
● Output compare (x 4)
Output compare consists of four 16-bit compare registers, a compare output latch, and a control register. If
a free-run timer and compare register have matching values, the output level is reversed with a generation
of an interrupt.
•
Four compare registers can operate independently. Each compare register has a corresponding output
pin and interrupt flag.
•
Two compare registers are used as a pair to control the output pin.
•
Sets the output pin to its initial value.
•
Interrupt is generated by compare match.
● Input capture (x 2)
Input capture consists of two independent external input pins and corresponding capture registers, control
registers, and edge detection circuit. If any edge of a signal input from the external input pin is detected, the
free-run timer value is retained in the capture register and, at the same time, an interrupt is generated.
•
The edge of an external input signal can be selected from its rising edge, falling edge or both edges.
•
The two input capture operate independently.
Interrupts occur at the valid edge of external input signals. Input capture can start DMA by the interrupt.
194
13.2
Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
The 16-bit input/output timer consists of three modules for the free-run timer, output
compare, and input capture.
■ Block Diagram
Figure 13.2-1 is a block diagram of the 16-bit input/output timer.
Figure 13.2-1 Block Diagram of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
To each
block
Control logic
Interrupt
Free-run timer
16-bit timer
Clear
Output compare 0
Compare register 0
TQ
OUT0
TQ
OUT1
TQ
OUT2
TQ
OUT3
Bus
Output compare 1
Compare register 1
Output compare 2
Compare register 2
Output compare 3
Compare register 3
Input capture 0
Capture register 0
Edge selection
IN0
Edge selection
IN1
Input capture 1
Capture register 1
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Block Diagram of Free-run Timer
Figure 13.2-2 is a block diagram of the free-run timer.
Figure 13.2-2 Block Diagram of Free-run Timer
φ
Interrupt request
Prescaler
IVF
IVF
STOP MODE SCLR CLK2 CLK1
CLK0
Bus
Clock
Free-run timer
Compare clear register
Compare
circuit
MSI2 to MSI0
Counter value output T15 to T00
ICLR
ICRE
Interrupt request
■ Block Diagram of Output Compare
Figure 13.2-3 is a block diagram of output compare.
Figure 13.2-3 Block Diagram of Output Compare
16-bit timer counter value (T15 to T00)
Compare control
TQ
OTE0
OUT0 (2)
OTE1
OUT1 (3)
Bus
Compare register 0 (2)
16-bit timer counter value (T15 to T00)
CMOD
TQ
Compare control
Compare register 1 (3)
ICP1 ICP0 ICE0 ICE0
Control section
Control blocks
196
Compare 1 (3) interrupt
Compare 0 (2) interrupt
■ Block Diagram of Input Capture
Figure 13.2-4 is a block diagram of input capture.
Figure 13.2-4 Block Diagram of Input Capture
Edge detect
Capture data register 0
EG11 EG10 EG01 EG00
Bus
16-bit timer counter value (T15 to T00)
IN0
Edge detect
Capture data register 1
ICP1
ICP0 ICE1
IN1
ICE0
Interrupt
Interrupt
■ Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output Timer
The pin related to the 16-bit input/output timer has the IN0/IN1 and OUT0/OUT1/OUT2/OUT3 pins. The
IN0/IN1 pins function as the general-purpose I/O port (P96/IN0, P97/IN1) and input capture input pin. The
OUT0/OUT1/OUT2/OUT3 pins function as the general-purpose I/O port (PA0/OUT0, PA1/OUT1, PA2/
OUT2, PA3/OUT3) and output compare output pin.
● Setting when using as IN0/IN1 pins
When using as the IN0/IN1 pins, the P96/IN0 and P97/IN1 pins should be set the port direction register to
input port (DDR9 bit7, bit6→"0").
● Setting when using as OUT0/OUT1/OUT2/OUT3 pins
When using the OUT0/OUT1/OUT2/OUT3 pins as output, be sure to set the control register (OCS01/
OCS23) to the output compare pin output (OCS01/OCS23 bit10, bit11→"1").
● Setting when using as FRCK pin
When using as the FRCK pin, the P93/FRCK pin should be set the port direction register to input port
(DDR9 bit3→"0").
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Figure 13.2-5 Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Peripheral
function input
(IN0/IN1)
Port data register (PDR)
Peripheral function output
(OUT0 to OUT3)
Peripheral function output enable
Open drain control signal
(P46/P47 only)
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
Pin
PDR Write
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Standby control (SPL=1)
Standby control:Stop mode (SPL=1), time-base timer mode (SPL=1), watch mode (SPL=1)
198
13.3
Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Register
The 16-bit input/output timer registers are classified as follows:
• Free-run timer
• Output compare
• Input capture
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of these registers.
■ Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer Register
The 16-bit input/output timer has the register configuration listed below.
● Free-run timer
Figure 13.3-1 Register Configuration of Free-run Timer
bit15
bit0
000066H/000067H
CPCLR
000062H/000063H
TCDT
Timer counter data register
000064H/000065H
TCCS
Timer counter control status register
Compare clear register
● Output compare
Figure 13.3-2 Register Configuration of Output Compare
00004AH,00004CH,00004EH
000050H,00004BH,00004DH,
00004FH,000051H
000056H,000058H
000057H,000059H
bit15
bit0
OCCP0 to OCCP3
OCS1/OCS3
Output compare register
OCS0/OCS2
Output compare control register
● Input capture
Figure 13.3-3 Register Configuration of Input Capture
00005CH,00005EH
00005DH,00005FH
000060H
bit15
bit0
IPCP0, IPCP1
Input capture register
ICS01
Input capture
control status register
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.3.1
Free-run timer
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of free-run timer
registers.
■ List of Free-run Timer Registers
Figure 13.3-4 shows a list of the free-run timer registers.
Figure 13.3-4 List of Free-run Timer Registers
bit 15
000067H CL15
(R/W)
bit 7
000066H CL07
(R/W)
bit 15
000063H T15
(R/W)
bit 7
000062H T07
(R/W)
bit 15
000065H ECKE
(R/W)
bit 7
000064H IVF
(R/W)
200
14
CL14
(R/W)
6
CL06
(R/W)
14
T14
(R/W)
6
T06
(R/W)
14
(R/W)
6
IVFE
(R/W)
13
12
11
CL13 CL12 CL11
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
5
4
3
CL05 CL04 CL03
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
13
12
11
T13 T12 T11
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
5
4
3
T05 T04 T03
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
13
12
11
MSI2 MSI1
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
5
4
3
STOPMODE SCLR
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
10
CL10
(R/W)
2
CL02
(R/W)
10
T10
(R/W)
2
T02
(R/W)
10
MSI0
(R/W)
2
CLK2
(R/W)
9
CL09
(R/W)
1
CL01
(R/W)
9
T09
(R/W)
1
T01
(R/W)
9
ICLR
(R/W)
1
CLK1
(R/W)
8
CL08
(R/W)
0
CL00
(R/W)
8
T08
(R/W)
0
T00
(R/W)
8
ICRE
(R/W)
0
CLK0
(R/W)
CPCLR
Compare clear register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
CPCLR
Compare clear register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
TCDT
Timer counter data register
Initial value 00000000B
TCDT
Timer counter data register
Initial value 00000000B
TCCS
Timer counter control/status register
Initial value 0 - - 00000B
TCCS
Timer counter control/status register
Initial value 00000000B
■ Compare Clear Register (CPCLR)
Figure 13.3-5 shows the bit configuration of the compare clear register (CPCLR).
Figure 13.3-5 Bit Configuration of the Compare Clear Register (CPCLR)
bit 15
000067H CL15
(R/W)
bit 7
000066H CL07
(R/W)
14
CL14
(R/W)
6
CL06
(R/W)
13
12
CL13 CL12
(R/W) (R/W)
5
4
CL05 CL04
(R/W) (R/W)
11
CL11
(R/W)
3
CL03
(R/W)
10
CL10
(R/W)
2
CL02
(R/W)
9
CL09
(R/W)
1
CL01
(R/W)
8
CL08
(R/W)
0
CL00
(R/W)
CPCLR
Compare clear register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
CPCLR
Compare clear register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
The compare clear register (CPCLR) is a compare register used to make a comparison with the 16-bit freerun timer. An initial value of a register is undefined. Therefore, set the initial value, then allow the interrupt
operation. This register requires word access.
When the MODE bit of the timer counter control status register (TCCS) is set to "1", the free-run timer
value initializes to "0000H" at matching this register value and the value of the free-run timer. When this
register value matches the value of the free-run timer, a compare clear interrupt flag is set. When the
compare interrupt flag is set to "1", an interrupt request issues to the CPU at allowing the interrupt
operation.
■ Timer Counter Data Register (TCDT)
Timer counter data register (TCDT) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 13.3-6 Bit Configuration of Timer Counter Data Register (TCDT)
bit 15
000063H T15
(R/W)
bit 7
000062H T07
(R/W)
14
T14
(R/W)
6
T06
(R/W)
13
12
T13 T12
(R/W) (R/W)
5
4
T05 T04
(R/W) (R/W)
11
T11
(R/W)
3
T03
(R/W)
10
T10
(R/W)
2
T02
(R/W)
9
T09
(R/W)
1
T01
(R/W)
8
T08
(R/W)
0
T00
(R/W)
TCDT
Timer counter data register
Initial value 00000000B
TCDT
Timer counter data register
Initial value 00000000B
The timer counter data register (TCDT) is a 16-bit up counter and is used to read the value of the free-run
timer counter. The counter value is cleared to "0000" by a reset. Writing to this register must be performed
in the stopped (STOP = 1) state, and the written value defines the timer value.
This register requires word access. The free-run timer is initialized with the following causes:
•
Reset
•
Clear bit (SCLR) of timer counter control status register (TCCS)
•
Matching between the compare clear register (CPCLR) of output compare and timer counter value
(TCCS: MODE = 1) (requiring mode setting).
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Timer Counter Control Status Register (TCCS)
Timer counter control status register (TCCS) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 13.3-7 Bit Configuration of Timer Counter Control Status Register (TCCS)
bit 15
14
13
12
000065H ECKE
MSI2
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
bit 7
6
5
4
000064H IVF IVFE STOP MODE
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
11
MSI1
(R/W)
3
SCLR
(R/W)
10
MSI0
(R/W)
2
CLK2
(R/W)
9
ICLR
(R/W)
1
CLK1
(R/W)
8
ICRE
(R/W)
0
CLK0
(R/W)
TCCS
Timer counter control status register
Initial value 0--00000B
TCCS
Timer counter control status register
Initial value 00000000B
Timer counter control status register (TCCS) consists of bits that have the functions explained below.
[bit15] ECKE
This bit is used to select whether the count clock source of the free-run timer is internal or external.
Since the clock is changed soon after being written to this bit, change the bit setting when output
compare and input capture are in the stopped state.
0
Internal clock source is selected (initial value)
1
Clock inputted by external pin (FRCK) is selected.
[bit14, bit13] Unused bits
These bits are not used.
[bit12, bit11, bit10] MSI2, MSI1, MSI0
These bits specify the count with which a compare clear interrupt is masked. It consists of 3-bit reload
counter that reloads the count value every time the counter value reaches "000B". During writing to this
register, the count value is also loaded, where mask count = specified count (e.g., set to "010B" when
masked twice and the third time is interrupted). However, if "000B" is set, no interrupt cause is masked.
[bit9] ICLR
This bit is the interrupt request flag for compare clear. If the compare clear register and free-run timer
are found to have matching values by compare result, this bit is set to "1". If the interrupt request permit
bit (bit8: ICRE) is set, an interrupt occurs. This bit is cleared by writing "0". Writing "1" has no effect.
An instruction of the read-modify-write type always reads "1".
0
No interrupt request issued (initial value)
1
Interrupt request issued
[bit8] ICRE
This bit is the interrupt permit bit for compare clear. If this bit is set to "1" and the interrupt flag (bit9:
ICLR) is set to "1", then an interrupt occurs.
202
0
Interrupt prohibited (initial value)
1
Interrupt permitted
[bit7] IVF
This bit is the interrupt request flag of the free-run timer. If the free-run timer causes an overflow or
mode setting results in a match between the compare clear register and compare results of free-run
timer, then the IVF bit is set to "1". If the interrupt request permit bit (bit5: IVFE) is set, an interrupt
occurs. This bit is cleared by setting "0". Setting "1" has no effect. An instruction of the read-modifywrite type reads "1".
0
No interrupt request used (initial value)
1
Interrupt request used
[bit6] IVFE
This bit is the interrupt permit bit for the free-run timer. If this bit is set to "1" when the write flag (bit5:
IVF) is set to "1", an interrupt occurs.
0
Interrupt prohibit (initial value)
1
Interrupt permit
[bit5] STOP
This bit is set to enable or disable the counting by the free-run timer. If this bit is set to "1", the timer
stops counting, and if it is set to "0", the timer starts counting.
0
Count permit (operation) (initial value)
1
Count prohibit (stop)
If the free-run timer stops counting, the output compare operation also stops.
[bit4] MODE
This bit specifies the initialization conditions of the free-run timer.
If set to "0", the reset and clear bit (bit3: SCLR) initialize the counter value.
If set to "1", in addition to the reset and clear bit (bit3: SCLR), matching the compare clear register
(CPCLR) value with the free-run timer, initializes the counter value.
0
Initialized by reset and clear bit (initial value)
1
Initialized by reset, clear bit, and compare clear register
The counter value initialization occurs at the point the counter value changes.
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
[bit3] SCLR
This bit is for initializing the value of the free-run timer in operation to "0000B".
Writing "1" initializes the counter value to "0000B". Writing "0" has no effect. The read value is always
"0". The counter value initialization occurs synchronizing with the counter value change point.
0
No effect (initial value)
1
Initializes the counter value to "0000B"
If it is initialized at the time of stopping the timer, write "0000B" to the data register.
Note:
Counter is not initialized if "0" is written to this bit before next count clock after writing "1".
[bit2, bit1, bit0] CLK2, CLK1, CLK0
These bits are used to select the count clock of the free-run timer. Since the clock changes after this bit
is written, change the bit setting when output compare and input capture are in the stopped state.
CLK2
CLK1
CLK0
Count clock
φ = 20MHz
φ = 16MHz
φ = 8MHz
φ = 4MHz
φ = 1MHz
0
0
0
φ
50 ns
62.5 ns
0.125 μs
0.25 μs
1.0 μs
0
0
1
φ/2
100 ns
0.125 μs
0.25 μs
0.5 μs
2.0 μs
0
1
0
φ/4
0.2 μs
0.25 μs
0.5 μs
1.0 μs
4.0 μs
0
1
1
φ/8
0.4 μs
0.5 μs
1.0 μs
2.0 μs
8.0 μs
1
0
0
φ/16
0.8 μs
1.0 μs
2.0 μs
4.0 μs
16.0 μs
1
0
1
φ/32
1.6 μs
2.0 μs
4.0 μs
8.0 μs
32.0 μs
1
1
0
φ/64
3.2 μs
4.0 μs
8.0 μs
16.0 μs
64.0 μs
1
1
1
φ/128
6.4 μs
8.0 μs
16.0 μs
32.0 μs
128.0 μs
204
13.3.2
Output compare
This section shows the configuration and explains the functions of registers for output
compare.
■ List of Output Compare Registers
Figure 13.3-8 shows a list of the registers for output compare.
Figure 13.3-8 Registers of Output Compare
00004BH bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
OCCP0 to OCCP3
00004DH
C15 C14 C13 C12 C11 C10 C09 C08 Output compare register
00004FH
000051H (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value 00000000B
00004AH bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OCCP0 to OCCP3
00004CH
C07 C06 C05 C04 C03 C02 C01 C00 Output compare register
00004EH
000050H (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value 00000000B
000057H
000059H
bit 15
(-)
14
(-)
13
12
11
10
9
8
OCS01/23
- CMOD OTE1 OTE0 OTD1 OTD0 Output compare control register
(-) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value - - -00000B
000056H
000058H
bit 7
6
5
4
ICP1 ICP0 ICE1 ICE0
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
3
(-)
2
(-)
1
0
OCS01/23
CST1 CST0 Output compare control register
(R/W) (R/W) Initial value 0000- -00B
Note:
To rewriting the compare register, perform within the compare interrupt routine or compare operation
disabled state. Be sure not to occur a compare result match and writing the compare register
simultaneously.
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Block Diagram of Output Compare
Figure 13.3-9 shows a block diagram of output compare
Figure 13.3-9 Block Diagram of Output Compare
16-bit timer counter value (T15 to T00)
Compare control
TQ
OTE0
OUT0 (2)
OTE1
OUT1 (3)
Compare register 0 (2)
Bus
16-bit timer counter value (T15 to T00)
CMOD
TQ
Compare control
Compare register 1 (3)
ICP1 ICP0 ICE0 ICE0
Control unit
Compare 1 (3) interrupt
Control block
Compare 0 (2) interrupt
■ Output Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3)
Output compare register (OCCP0 to OCCP3) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 13.3-10 Bit Configuration of Output Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3)
00004BH bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
OCCP0 to OCCP3
00004DH
C15 C14 C13 C12 C11 C10 C09 C08 Compare register
00004FH
000051H
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value 00000000B
00004AH bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OCCP0 to OCCP3
00004CH
C07 C06 C05 C04 C03 C02 C01 C00 Compare register
00004EH
000050H
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value 00000000B
The compare register (OCCP0 to OCCP3) is a 16-bit compare register used to comparison with the free-run
timer. This register is initialized at reset. This register uses word access. If this register and the free-run
timer have matching values, a compare signal is generated to set the output compare interrupt flag. If output
enable is given, the output level corresponding to the compare register value is reversed and outputted.
206
■ Output Compare Control Register (OCS01/OCS23)
The output compare control register (OCS01/OCS23) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 13.3-11 Bit Configuration of Output Compare Control Register (OCS01/OCS23)
bit 15
000057H
000059H
(-)
14
(-)
13
12
11
10
9
8
OCS01/OCS23
- CMOD OTE1 OTE0 OTD1 OTD0 Control register
(-) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value - - -00000B
bit 7
6
5
4
000056H ICP1 ICP0 ICE1 ICE0
000058H
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
3
(-)
2
(-)
1
0
OCS01/OCS23
CST1 CST0 Control register
(R/W) (R/W) Initial value 0000- -00B
The functions of the output compare control register bits (OCS01/OCS23) are shown below.
[bit15, bit14, bit13] Unused bits
These bits are not used. They are always set to "0".
[bit12] CMOD
This bit is for switching the pin output level reverse operation mode in compare result matching if pin
output is permitted (OTE1 = 1 or OTE0 = 1).
•
If CMOD = 0 (initial value), the level corresponding to the compare register value is reversed.
- OUT0/OUT2: Level is reversed if a match for compare register 0/2 is found
- OUT1/OUT3: Level is reversed if a match for compare register 1/3 is found
•
If CMOD = 1, compare register 0 (2) inverts the output level in the same manner as in cases where
CMOD = 0; however, the pin OUT1 (OUT3) output level corresponding to compare register 1 (3)
inverts the output level only when both compare register 0 (2) and compare register 1 (3) have a match.
Also, if compare registers 0 (2) and 1 (3) have the same value, the operation is the same as that for one
compare register.
- OUT0/OUT2: Level is reversed if a match for compare register 0/2 is found
- OUT1/OUT3: Level is reversed if a match for compare register 0/2 and 1/3 is found
[bit11, bit10] OTE1, OTE0
These bits permit pin output of output compare. These bits take an initial value of "0".
0
General-purpose support (initial value)
1
Operate as pin output of output compare
•
OTE1: Corresponds with output compare 1/3
•
OTE0: Corresponds with output compare 0/2
[bit9, bit8] OTD1, OTD0
These bits change the pin output level if pin output of output compare is permitted. The initial value of
compare pin output is set to "0". A write operation is performed after the compare operation stops. In a
read operation, the output value of the output compare pin is read.
0
Compare pin output set to "0" (initial value)
1
Compare pin output set to "1"
•
OTD1: Corresponds to output compare 1/3
•
OTD0: Corresponds to output compare 0/2
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CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
[bit7, bit6] ICP1, ICP0
These bits are the interrupt flags for output compare. Set them to "1" if the compare register and freerun timer have matching values. If the interrupt request bit (ICE1, ICE0) is set to "enabled", and this bit
is set, an output compare interrupt occurs. This bit is cleared if "0" is written. Writing "1" has no effect.
An instruction of the read-modify type only reads "1".
0
No compare match (initial value)
1
Compare result match
•
ICP1: Corresponds to output compare 1/3
•
ICP0: Corresponds to output compare 0/2
[bit5, bit4] ICE1, ICE0
These bits are the interrupt permit bits of output compare. If these bits are set to "1" and an interrupt
flag (ICP1, ICP0) is set, an output compare interrupt occurs.
0
Output compare interrupt prohibit (initial value)
1
Output compare interrupt permit
•
ICE1: Corresponds to output compare 1/3
•
ICE0: Corresponds to output compare 0/2
[bit3, bit2] Unused bits
These bits are not used.
[bit1, bit0] CST1, CST0
These bits permit a matching operation with the compare register and free-run timer.
0
Compare operation prohibit (initial value)
1
Compare operation permit
•
CST1: Corresponds to output compare 1/3
•
CST0: Corresponds to output compare 0/2
Before a compare operation is permitted, specify the compare register value.
Note:
Output compare operates in sync with the free-run timer clock. Thus, if the free-run timer stops, the
compare operation also stops.
208
13.3.3
Input capture
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers for the input
capture.
■ List of Input Capture Registers
Figure 13.3-12 shows a list of the input capture registers.
Figure 13.3-12 Input Capture Registers
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ch.0 00005DH
ch.1 00005FH CP15 CP14 CP13 CP12 CP11 CP10 CP09 CP08
(R)
(R)
(R) (R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
IPCP0, IPCP1
Input capture data register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ch.0 00005CH
ch.1 00005EH CP07 CP06 CP05 CP04 CP03 CP02 CP01 CP00
(R)
(R)
(R) (R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
IPCP0, IPCP1
Input capture data register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICS01
000060H ICP1 ICP0 ICE1 ICE0 EG11 EG10 EG01 EG00 Input capture control status register
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value 00000000B
■ Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1)
The input capture data register (IPCP0, IPCP1) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 13.3-13 Bit Configuration of Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1)
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ch.0 00005DH
CP15
CP14
CP13
CP12
CP11
CP10
CP09
CP08
ch.1 00005FH
(R)
(R)
(R) (R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
IPCP0, IPCP1
Input capture data register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ch.0 00005CH
CP07
CP06
CP05
CP04
CP03
CP02
CP01
CP00
ch.1 00005EH
(R)
(R)
(R) (R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
IPCP0, IPCP1
Input capture data register
Initial value XXXXXXXXB
The input capture data register (IPCP0, IPCP1) is a register containing the free-run timer value when a
valid edge of the external pin input waveform is detected.
This register uses word access. Writing to this register is not permitted.
209
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Control Status Register (ICS01)
The input capture control status register (ICS01) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 13.3-14 Bit Configuration of Input Capture Control Status Register (ICS01)
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICS01
000060H ICP1 ICP0 ICE1 ICE0 EG11 EG10 EG01 EG00 Input capture control status register
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Initial value 00000000B
The input capture control status register (ICS01) consists of bits that have the functions explained below.
[bit7, bit6] ICP1, ICP0
These bits are the interrupt flags of input capture. When a valid edge of the external input pin is
detected, this bit is set to "1". If the interrupt permit bit (ICE1, ICE0) is set, an interrupt may be
occurred when a valid edge is detected.
This bit is cleared when "0" is written. Writing "1" has no effect. An instruction of the read-modifywrite type always reads "1".
0
No valid edge detected (initial value)
1
Valid edge detected
•
ICP1: Corresponds to input capture 1
•
ICP0: Corresponds to input capture 0
[bit5, bit4] ICE1, ICE0
These bits are used as the interrupt permit bits of input capture. If these bits are set to "1" and the
interrupt flag (ICP1, ICP0) is set, then an input capture interrupt occurs.
0
Interrupt prohibit (initial value)
1
Interrupt permit
•
ICE1: Corresponds to input capture 1
•
ICE0: Corresponds to input capture 0
[bit3, bit2, bit1, bit0] EG11, EG10, EG01, EG00
These bits specify the valid edge polarity of external input. Also, they are used to specify the enable of
input capture operations.
210
EG11/EG01
EG10/EG00
Edge detection polarity
0
0
No edge detected (stop state) (initial value)
0
1
Rising edge detected
1
0
Falling edge detected
1
1
Both edges detected
•
EG11/EG10: Corresponds to input capture 1
•
EG01/EG00: Corresponds to input capture 0
13.4
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
The interrupt of the 16-bit input/output timer occurs when the counter value of the freerun timer overflows, the trigger edge input to the input capture input pin is performed,
and a match with the output compare is detected.
The DMA transfer and extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) can be activated for the
interrupt of the input capture and output compare.
■ Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Table 13.4-1 shows the interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the 16-bit input/output timer.
Table 13.4-1 Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Timer counter overflow interrupt
Input capture interrupt
Output compare interrupt
Interrupt request flag
TCCS: IVF (bit7)
ICS01: ICP1 (bit7) ch.1
ICS01: ICP0 (bit6) ch.0
OCS01/23: ICP1 (bit7) ch.1, ch.3
OCS01/23: ICP0 (bit6) ch.0, ch.2
Interrupt request output enable bit
TCCS: IVFE (bit6)
ICS01: ICE1 (bit5) ch.1
ICS01: ICE0 (bit4) ch.0
OCS01/23: ICE1 (bit5) ch.1, ch.3
OCS01/23: ICE0 (bit4) ch.0, ch.2
Interrupt generation
source
Counter overflow of 16-bit
free-run timer
Valid edge input to input
capture input pin
Match between output compare
register value and counter value
ICS01: ICP0/ICE0 correspond to input capture pin (IN0).
ICS01: ICP1/ICE1 correspond to input capture pin (IN1).
OCS01/OCS23: ICP0/ICE0 correspond to output compare pins (OUT0/OUT2).
OCS01/OCS23: ICP1/ICE1 correspond to output compare pins (OUT1/OUT3).
● Timer counter overflow interrupt
When the timer counter overflow interrupt request flag is set
The timer counter overflow generation flag in the timer counter control status register is set when the
following is occurred (TCCS: IVF=1)
• When an overflow ("FFFFH"Æ"0000H") occurs in counting up of the free-run timer
• When the initialization by compare clear register is set to enable (TCCS: MODE=1) and an match
between the setting value of the free-run timer and the value of the compare clear register occurs.
When the timer counter overflow interrupt request occurs
If the timer counter overflow interrupt request is set to enable (TCCS: IVFE=1), the interrupt request is
generated when the timer counter overflow generation flag is set to 1 (TCCS: IVF=1).
● Input capture interrupt
The interrupt operation when the valid edge (ICS: EG) set by the input capture pin is detected is shown as
follows:
• The count value of the free-run timer upon detection is stored in the input capture register.
• The valid edge detection flag in the control status register is set to 1 (ICS: ICP=1).
• When the input capture interrupt request output is set to enable (ICS: ICE=1), the interrupt request
occurs.
211
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
● Output compare interrupt
The interrupt operation when a match between the count value of the free-run timer and the setting value of
the compare register is detected is shown as follows:
• The output compare match flag in the control register is set to 1 (OCS:IOP=1).
• When the output compare interrupt request is set to enable (OCS: IOE=1), the interrupt request occurs.
■ Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 13.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 13.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Input capture (channel 0) fetch*
❍
5
#26
FFFF94H
Input capture (channel 1) fetch
❍
6
#27
FFFF90H
Output compare (channel 0) match
❍
8
#28
FFFF8CH
Output compare (channel 1) match
❍
9
#29
FFFF88H
Output compare (channel 2) match
❍
10
#30
FFFF84H
Output compare (channel 3) match
❍
×
#31
FFFF80H
−
−
×
#32
FFFF7CH
−
−
×
#33
❍
12
#35
Interrupt source
16-bit free-run timer overflow,*
16-bit reload timer underflow
Interrupt vector
Address
Interrupt control register
Number
Address
ICR07
0000B7H
ICR08
0000B8H
ICR09
0000B9H
ICR10
0000BAH
FFFF78H
ICR11
0000BBH
FFFF70H
ICR12
0000BCH
× : Interrupt request flag is not cleared.
❍ : Interrupt request flag is cleared.
* : This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.2-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, other interrupt
function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to execute
the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The input capture and free-run timer correspond to the DMA transfer and EI2OS functions. The output
compare corresponds to the DMA transfer function only for EI2OS function and channels 0 to 2. When the
DMA or EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt control
register (ICR).
212
13.5
16-bit Input/Output Timer Operation
This section explains the operation and timing of the 16-bit input/output timer.
■ Operation and Timing of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
The 16-bit input/output timer handles the operation and timing for the following items:
•
Free-run timer operation
•
Output compare operation
•
Input capture operation
•
Free-run timer timing
•
•
•
Count timing
•
Clear timing
Output compare timing
•
Interrupt timing
•
Change timing of the output pin
Timing of input capture
•
Capture timing to the input signal
213
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.5.1
Operation of free-run timer
This section explains the operation and timing of the free-run timer.
■ Operation of Free-run Timer
The free-run timer starts counting at a counter value of "0000B" after a reset operation is cleared. This
counter value is used as a reference time for output compare and input capture.
The count value is cleared by a clear operation under the following conditions:
•
Overflow occurs
•
Compare match is found with the output compare value 0 (mode setting is required)
•
SCLR bit of TCCS register is set to "1" during operation
•
TCDT register is set to "0000B" during operation
•
Reset occurs
An interrupt occurs if an overflow is generated or the counter value of free-run timer the value of compare
register 0 matches compare results (a compare results match interrupt requires mode setting).
Figure 13.5-1 shows the timing chart of the counter cleared because of an overflow. Figure 13.5-2 shows
the timing chart of the counter cleared because of a compare results match.
Figure 13.5-1 Timing Chart of Counter Cleared Because of Overflow
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Reset
Interrupt
214
Time
Figure 13.5-2 Timing Chart of Counter Cleared Because of Compare Results Match
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Reset
Compare
register value
Time
BFFFH
Interrupt
215
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.5.2
Operation of output compare
Output compare compares the specified compare register value with the 16-bit free-run
timer value, and if they match, it sets an interrupt request flag and reverses the output
level.
■ Examples of Output Waveform
Examples of output waveform are shown below.
● Example of output waveform where compare registers 0 and 1 are used
Figure 13.5-3 shows an example of output waveform where the initial value of output is specified as "0".
Figure 13.5-3 Example of Output Waveform where Compare Registers 0 and 1 are Used
(Initial Value of Output = 0)
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Reset
Compare
register 0 value
Compare
register 1 value
Time
BFFFH
7FFFH
OUT0
OUT1
Compare 0 interrupt
Compare 1 interrupt
If CMOD = 1, two pairs of compare registers may be used to change the output level.
216
● Example of output waveform from two pairs of compare registers
Figure 13.5-4 shows an example of output waveform where the initial value of output is specified as "0".
Figure 13.5-4 Example of Output Waveform from Two Pairs of Compare Registers
(Initial Value of Output = 0)
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Reset
Compare
register 0 value
Compare
register 1 value
Time
BFFFH
7FFFH
OUT0
Corresponding to compare 0
OUT1
Corresponding to compare 1
Compare 0 interrupt
Compare 1 interrupt
Note:
To rewriting the compare register, perform within the compare interrupt routine or compare operation
disabled state. Be sure not to occur a compare result match and writing the compare register
simultaneously.
217
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.5.3
Operation of input capture
Input capture is generated interrupts by reading and storing the free-run timer value
into the capture register if the specified edge is detected as being valid.
■ Example of Input Capture Timing
Figure 13.5-5 shows an example of input capture timing
Figure 13.5-5 Example of Input Capture Timing
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Time
Reset
IN0
IN1
Example of IN
Capture 0
Unspecified
3FFFH
7FFFH
Capture 1 Unspecified
Example of capture
Capture 0 interrupt
Capture 1 interrupt
Example-of-capture
interrupt
218
Unspecified
BFFFH
7FFFH
13.5.4
Free-run timer timing
The free-run timer is incremented according to the timing of input clock (internal or
external clock). If an external clock is selected, counting is performed at the rising edge.
■ Count Timing of Free-run Timer
Figure 13.5-6 shows the count timing of the free-run timer.
Figure 13.5-6 Count Timing of Free-run Timer
φ
External clock input
Count clock
N
Counter value
N+1
The counter is cleared by either a reset, clear by software, or a match with compare register 0 and free-run
timer. Counter clear by a reset or software occurs when a clear operation is performed. Counter clear
because of a match with compare register 0 occurs in sync with count timing.
■ Clear Timing of Free-run Timer (Match with Compare Register 0)
Figure 13.5-7 shows the clear timing of the free-run timer caused by a match with compare register 0.
Figure 13.5-7 Clear Timing of Free-run Timer (Match with Compare Register 0)
φ
N
Compare register value
Compare match
Counter value
N
0000
219
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.5.5
Output compare timing
The output compare is used to issue compare match signals when the free-run timer
and the compare register have matching values, to reverse the output value, and to
generate interrupts. Output reverse timing at the compare match is in sync with the
counter timing.
■ Interrupt Timing
Figure 13.5-8 shows the interrupt timing of output compare.
Figure 13.5-8 Interrupt Timing of Output Compare
φ
Counter value
N
Compare register value
N
N+1
Compare match
Compare match
■ Change Timing of Output Pin
Figure 13.5-9 shows the change timing of the output pin for output compare.
Figure 13.5-9 Change Timing of Output Pin for Output Compare
Counter value
Compare register value
N
N+1
N
N+1
N
Compare match signal
Output pin
Note:
To rewriting the compare register, perform within the compare interrupt routine or compare operation
disabled state. Be sure not to occur a compare result match and writing the compare register
simultaneously.
220
13.5.6
Timing of input capture
This section describes a capture timing of the input signal for input capture.
■ Capture Timing to Input Signal
Figure 13.5-10 shows the capture timing of input signal for input capture.
Figure 13.5-10 Capture Timing of Input Signal for Input Capture
φ
Counter value
Input capture
N
N+1
Valid edge
Capture signal
Capture register
N+1
Interrupt
221
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
13.6
Program Example of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
This section describes the program example of the 16-bit input/output timer.
■ Program Example of Free-run Timer
Example of setting procedure
Program example
Count number of times overflow by free-run timer, clock =φ/
2^4, and interrupt processing
void FREE_RUN_TIMER_sample(void)
{
FREERUN_initial();
FREERUN_start();
}
<Initial setting>
• Control free-run timer
void FREERUN_initial(void)
{
IO_TCCS.word = 0x006C; /* Setting value=0000_0000_0110_1100 */
/* bit15 = 0
ECKE internal clock source */
/* bit7 = 0
IVF interrupt request flag */
/* bit6 = 1
Enable IVFE interrupt */
/* bit5 = 1
Disable STOP count */
/* bit4 = 0
Initialize by MODE reset, clear bit */
/* bit3 = 1
Initialize SCLR free-run timer value */
/* bit2 to bit0 = 100 CLK2 to CLK0 count clock f/16 */
IO_TCDT = 0x0000;
/* Initialize timer data value */
Set control register
Clock selection>>
Interrupt request flag>>
Interrupt request enable>>
Count operation>>
TCCS
.ECKE
.IVF
.IVFE
.STOP
Initialization condition of timer>>
.MODE
TCDT clear>>
.SCLR
Count clock>>
.CLK2 to CLK0
Set timer data value
TCDT
• Interrupt related
Set interrupt level
Set I flag
ICR12
(CCR)
IO_ICR12.byte = 0x00;
__EI();
count = 0;
/* Set interrupt level of free-run timer (arbitrary value) */
/* Enable interrupt */
}
• Set variable
void FREERUN_start(void)
<Start>
• Start free-run timer ch.0
Register name. bit name
Start count operation
{
IO_TCCS.bit.STOP = 0;
TCCS .STOP
/* bit5 = 0
Enable STOP count */
}
__interrupt void FREE_RUN_TIMER_int(void)
<Interrupt>
• Interrupt processing
Register name. bit name
Clear interrupt request flag
{
IO_TCCS.bit.IVF = 0;
TCCS .IVF
(Arbitrary processing)
Count of variable
/* bit7 = 0
Clear IVF overflow flag */
count++;
}
<Interrupt vector>
• Set vector table
#pragma intvect FREE_RUN_TIMER_int 35
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value) are
required in advance. See the chapter of clock and interrupt.
Note:
222
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX FAMILY MB90980 SERIES".
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Type of internal clock and selection method
There are eight internal clocks and they are set by the clock selection bit (TCCS.ECKE) and count clock bit
(TCCS.CLK[2:0]).
Table 13.6-1 Type of Internal Clock and Selection Method
Setting
Internal clock
Count cycle
Clock selection bit
(ECKE)
Count clock bit
(CLK[2:0])
φ = 20MHz
φ = 16MHz
To select φ
Set to "0"
Set to "000B"
50ns
62.5ns
To select φ/2
Set to "0"
Set to "001B"
100ns
0.125μs
To select φ/4
Set to "0"
Set to "010B"
0.2μs
0.25μs
To select φ/8
Set to "0"
Set to "011B"
0.4μs
0.5μs
To select φ/16
Set to "0"
Set to "100B"
0.8μs
1.0μs
To select φ/32
Set to "0"
Set to "101B"
1.6μs
2.0μs
To select φ/64
Set to "0"
Set to "110B"
3.2μs
4.0μs
To select φ/128
Set to "0"
Set to "111B"
6.4μs
8.0μs
● Selection method of external clock
Set by the clock selection bit (TCCS.ECKE), data direction bit, and port function bit.
Table 13.6-2 Selection Method of External Clock
Setting
Set clock selection bit (ECKE) to 1
Set data direction bit (DDR9.P93) to "0"
Pin
Count cycle
FRCK
φ/2 or more
● Method to enable/disable the count operation of free-run timer
Set by count operation bit (TCCS.STOP)
Table 13.6-3 Method to Enable/Disable the Count Operation of Free-run Timer
Operation
Count operation bit (STOP)
To enable the count operation of free-run timer
Set to "0"
To disable the count operation of free-run timer
Set to "1"
223
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
● Method to clear the free-run timer
The following method is used to clear the free-run timer.
• Set by clear bit (TCCS.SCLR)
Table 13.6-4 Method to Clear the Free-run Timer
Operation
Clear bit (SCLR)
To clear the free-run timer
Write "1"
• Match between free-run timer value and compare clear register value (set by timer initialization
condition bit (TCCS.MODE))
Table 13.6-5 Method to Clear the Free-run Timer
Operation
Timer initialization condition bit (MODE)
To clear the free-run timer by match of
comparison result
Set to "1"
• Reset
The free-run timer is cleared by reset (external reset, watchdog reset, software reset).
• Set "0000H" to timer counter data register (TCDT)
When "0000H" is written to the timer counter data register (TCDT) during operation of the free-run
timer is stopped, the count value is cleared to "0000H".
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between the interrupt level and interrupt vector is shown in the following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 13.6-6 Relationship Between the Interrupt Level and Interrupt Vector
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting register
#35
Address: 0FFFF70H
Interrupt level register (ICR12)
Address: 000BCH
Clear the interrupt request flag (TCCS.IVF) with software before returning from the interrupt processing
because the flag does not clear automatically (write "0" to IVF bit).
● Type of interrupt
One interrupt is provided only. It generates by overflow of the free-run timer.
224
● Method to enable interrupt
Enabling/disabling interrupt sets using the interrupt request enable bit (TCCS.IVFE).
Table 13.6-7 Method to Enable Interrupt
Control
Interrupt request enable bit (IVFE)
Disable interrupt
Set to "0"
Enable interrupt
Set to "1"
Clearing the interrupt request sets using the interrupt request bit (TCCS.IVF).
Table 13.6-8 Clear the Interrupt Request
Control
Interrupt request bit (IVF)
Clear interrupt request
Write "0"
● Method to stop operation of free-run timer
Set by count operation bit (TCCS.STOP).
Table 13.6-9 Method to Stop Operation of Free-run Timer
Operation
Count operation bit (STOP)
To stop count operation of free-run
Set to "1"
225
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Program Example of Output Compare
Example of setting procedure
2-channel independent output compare operation
(7FFFF, BFFFF), interrupt generation, no compare clear
<Initial setting>
• Control free-run timer
Set control register
Clock selection>>
Interrupt request flag>>
Interrupt request enable>>
Count operation>>
Initialization condition of timer>>
TCDT clear>>
Count clock>>
Set timer data value
TCCS
.ECKE
.IVF
.IVFE
.STOP
.MODE
.SCLR
.CLK2 to CLK0
TCDT
• Control output compare
Register name. bit name
Set control register
Reverse operation of pin
output level>>
Pin output enable>>
Specify pin output level>>
Interrupt request flag>>
Interrupt request enable>>
Set operation enable>>
Set compare value ch.0
Set compare value ch.1
OCS01
.CMOD
Program example
void OUTPUT01_sample(void)
{
freerun_initial();
OUTPUT01_initial();
OUTPUT01_start();
freerun_start();
}
void freerun_initial(void)
{
IO_TCCS.word = 0x0020; /* Setting value=0000_0000_0010_0000 */
/* bit15 = 0
ECKE internal clock source*/
/* bit7 = 0
IVF interrupt request flag */
/* bit6 = 0
Enable IVFE interrupt */
/* bit5 = 1
Disable STOP count */
Initialize by MODE reset, clear bit */
/* bit4 = 0
/* bit3 = 0
Initialize SCLR free-run timer value */
/* bit2 to bit0 = 000B CLK2 to CLK0 count clock φ/4=32MHz/4 */
IO_TCDT = 0x0000;
/* Initialize timer data value */
}
void OUTPUT01_initial(void)
{
IO_OCS01.word = 0x0C00; /* Setting value=0000_1100_0000_0000 */
/* bit15 to13 = 000B Undefined bit*/
.OTE1,OTE0
.OTD1,OTD0
.ICP1,ICP0
.ICE1,ICE0
.CST1.CST0
OCCP0
OCCP1
/* bit12 = 0
/* bit11, bit10 = 11B
Reverse CMOD ch.0,ch.1 level */
Enable OTE1,OTE0 pin output */
/* bit9, bit8 = 00B
OTD1,OTD0 compare pin output 0 */
/* bit7, bit6 = 00B
Clear ICP1,ICP0 output compare flag */
/* bit5, bit4 = 00B
Disable ICE1,ICE0 output compare interrupt */
/* bit3, bit2 = 00B
Undefined bit */
/* bit1, bit0 = 00B
Disable CST1,CST0 compare operation */
IO_OCCP0 = BFFF;
IO_OCCP1 = 7FFF;
/* Set Compare register ch.0 */
/* Set Compare register ch.1 */
IO_ICR08.byte = 0x00;
IO_ICR09.byte = 0x00;
__EI();
/* Set output compare ch.0 interrupt level (arbitrary value) */
/* Set output compare ch.1 interrupt level (arbitrary value) */
/* Enable interrupt */
• Interrupt related
Set interrupt level
Set interrupt level
Set I flag
ICR08
ICR09
(CCR)
}
<Start>
• Start output compare
Register name. bit name
Interrupt control
Start compare operation
OCS01 .ICE1.ICE0
OCS01 .CST1.CST0
• Start free-run timer
Register name. bit name
Start count operation
TCCS .STOP
void OUTPUT01_start(void)
{
IO_OCS01.word = 0x0C30; /* bit5, bit4 = 11
IO_OCS01.word = 0x0C33; /* bit1, bit0 = 11
}
void freerun_start(void)
{
IO_TCCS.bit.STOP = 0;
/* bit4 = 0
}
Enable ICE1,ICE0 output compare interrupt */
Enable CST1,CST0 compare operation */
Enable STOP count */
(Continued)
226
(Continued)
<Interrupt>
• Interrupt processing
__interrupt void OUTPUT0_int(void)
{
IO_OCS01.bit.ICP0 = 0;
/* bit6 = 0
Register name. bit name
Clear interrupt request flag
OCS01
.ICP0
}
__interrupt void OUTPUT1_int(void)
{
IO_OCS01.bit.ICP1 = 0;
/* bit7 = 0
••••••••••
Clear interrupt request flag
Clear ICP0 interrupt flag */
• • • • • •
(Arbitrary processing)
OCS01
.ICP1
Clear ICP1 interrupt flag */
• • • • • •
(Arbitrary processing)
}
••••••••••
#pragma intvect OUTPUT0_int 28
#pragma intvect OUTPUT1_int 29
<Interrupt vector>
• Set vector table
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value)
are required in advance. See the chapter of clock and interrupt.
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX FAMILY
MB90980 SERIES".
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Method to set compare value
The compare value is written to the compare registers (OCCP0 to OCCP3).
● Method to set compare mode (valid for OUT1, OUT2, OUT3 output)
Set by compare mode bit (OCS01.CMOD, OCS23.CMOD).
Table 13.6-10 Method to Set Compare Mode
Operation
Compare mode bit
To reverse OUT1 output by a match with comparison result
between free-run timer and compare register 1
Set (OCS01.CMOD) bit to "0"
To reverse OUT3 output by a match with comparison result
between free-run timer and compare register 3
Set (OCS23.CMOD) bit to "0"
To reverse Out1 output by match with comparison result between
free-run timer and compare register 0 and between free-run timer
and compare register 1
Set (OCS01.CMOD) bit to "1"
To reverse Out3 output by match with comparison result between
free-run timer and compare register 2 and between free-run timer
and compare register 3
Set (OCS23.CMOD) bit to "1"
The following is output regardless of the CMOD bit.
• OUT0 output reverses output by a match with comparison result between free-run timer and compare
register 0.
• OUT2 output reverses output by a match with comparison result between free-run timer and compare
register 2.
227
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
● Method to enable/disable compare operation
Set by compare operation bit (OCS01. CST[1:0], OCS23. CST[1:0]).
Table 13.6-11 Method to Enable/Disable Compare Operation
Operation
Compare
Compare operation enable bit
Compare 0
Set (OCS01.CST0) to "0".
Compare 1
Set (OCS01.CST1) to "0".
Compare 2
Set (OCS23.CST0) to "0".
Compare 3
Set (OCS23.CST1) to "0".
Compare 0
Set (OCS01.CST0) to "1".
Compare 1
Set (OCS01.CST1) to "1".
Compare 2
Set (OCS23.CST1) to "1".
Compare 3
Set (OCS23.CST0) to "1".
To stop (disable) compare operation
To enable compare operation
● Method to set the initial level of compare pin output
Set by compare pin output specification bit (OCS01.OTD[1:0], OCS23.OTD[1:0]).
Table 13.6-12 Method to Set the Initial Level of Compare Pin Output
228
Operation
Compare pin output specification bit
Set compare 0 pin to "L"
Set (OCS01.OTD0) to "0"
Set compare 0 pin to "H"
Set (OCS01.OTD0) to "1"
Set compare 1 pin to "L"
Set (OCS01.OTD1) to "0"
Set compare 1 pin to "H"
Set (OCS01.OTD1) to "1"
Set compare 2 pin to "L"
Set (OCS23.OTD0) to "0"
Set compare 2 pin to "H"
Set (OCS23.OTD0) to "1"
Set compare 3 pin to "L"
Set (OCS23.OTD1) to "0"
Set compare 3 pin to "H"
Set (OCS23.OTD1) to "1"
● Method to set compare pin OUT0-OUT3 to output
Set by port function register (OCS01.OTE[1:0], OCS23.OTE[1:0]).
Table 13.6-13 Method to Set Compare Pin to Output
Operation
Port function bit
To set compare 0 pin (OUT0) to output
Set (OCS01.OTE0) to "1"
To set compare 1 pin (OUT1) to output
Set (OCS01.OTE1) to "1"
To set compare 2 pin (OUT2) to output
Set (OCS23.OTE0) to "1"
To set compare 3 pin (OUT3) to output
Set (OCS23.OTE1) to "1"
● Method to clear free-run timer
Set by clear bit (TCCS.SCLR).
Table 13.6-14 Method to Clear the Free-run Timer
Operation
Clear bit (SCLR)
To clear free-run timer
Write "1"
For other methods, see Section "13.3.1 Free-run timer".
● Method to enable compare operation
Set by the compare operation enable bit (OCS01.CST[1:0], OCS23.CST[1:0]).
● Method to clear the free-run timer when the free-run timer value matches with the compare register
value
Set by timer initialization condition bit (TCCS.MODE).
Table 13.6-15 Method to Clear the Free-run Timer
Operation
Timer initialization condition bit (MODE)
To clear free-run timer 0 by match of compare 0
Set (TCCS.MODE) to "1"
229
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between channel, interrupt level, and interrupt vector is shown in the following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 13.6-16 Relationship Between Channel, Interrupt Level, and Interrupt Vector
Channel
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting register
Output compare 0
#28
Address : 0FFFF8CH
Interrupt level register (ICR08)
Address : 000B8H
Output compare 1
#29
Address : 0FFFF88H
Interrupt level register (ICR09)
Address : 000B9H
Output compare 2
#30
Address : 0FFFF84H
Interrupt level register (ICR09)
Address : 000B9H
Output compare 3
#31
Address : 0FFFF80H
Interrupt level register (ICR10)
Address : 000BAH
Clear the interrupt request flag (OCS01.ICP[1:0], OCS23.ICP[1:0]) by writing "0" to ICP[1:0] bit with
software before returning from the interrupt processing because the flag does not clear automatically.
● Type of interrupt
One interrupt is provided. It generates by a match of the comparison result.
● Method to enable interrupt
Enabling the interrupt is set by the interrupt request enable bit (OCS01.ICE[1:0], OCS23.ICE[1:0]).
Table 13.6-17 Method to Enable Interrupt
Control
Interrupt request enable bit (ICE0, ICE1)
Disable interrupt
Set to "0"
Enable interrupt
Set to "1"
The interrupt request is cleared by the interrupt request bit (OCS01.ICP[1:0], OCS23.ICP[1:0]).
Table 13.6-18 Clear Interrupt Request
230
Control
Interrupt request bit (ICP0, ICP1)
Clear interrupt request
Write "0"
● Calculation method of compare value
• Toggle output pulse
(Example) Cycle: A, method to output 2-phase pulse of 1/4 phase difference
Figure 13.6-1 Method to Output 2-Phase Pulse
A
OP0
OP1
Phase difference1/4
Formula: Compare 0 value = (A/2)/ count clock
Compare 1 value = (A/4)/ count clock
(Count clock: time set by free-run timer)
Note:
Setting to clear the free-run timer 0 by a match of compare 0
(TCCS0.MODE = 1 ) and Setting of CMOD = 0 are required.
Calculation example: A=1024μs, Count clock=125ns
Compare 0 value = (1024000 / 2) / 125 - 1 = 4095 = FFFH
Compare 1 value = (1024000 / 4) / 125 - 1 = 1023 = 7FFH
• PWM output
(Example) Cycle: A, method to output PWM of 1/4 to 3/4 duty (L)
Figure 13.6-2 Method to Output PWM
A
OP1
1/4-3/4
Formula: Compare 0 value = A / Count clock
Compare 1 value = (A/4) / Count clock
(at 1/4 duty)
(A×3/4) / Count clock (at 3/4 duty)
(Count clock: time set by free-run timer)
Note:
Setting to clear the free-run timer 0 by a match of compare 0
(TCCS0.MODE=1) and setting of CMOD= 1 are required.
Calculation example: A=1024 μs, Count clock=125ns
Compare 0 value = 1024000 / 125 - 1 = 8191 = 1FFFH
Compare 1 value = (1024000 / 4) / 125 - 1 = 1023 = 7FFH
(at 1/4 duty)
(1024000×3 / 4) / 125 - 1 = 1023 = BFFH
(at 3/4 duty)
231
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
■ Program Example of Input Capture
Example of setting procedure
Rising edge of the pulse input to IN0 is detected, and the value of
the free-run timer is recorded. Repeat this twice and measure the
time between triggers. However reading of capture value and calculation
processing is interrupt processing.
<Initial setting>
• Control free-run timer
Set control register
Clock selection>>
Interrupt request flag>>
Interrupt request enable>>
Count operation>>
Initialization condition of timer>>
TCDT clear>>
Count clock>>
Set timer data value
TCCS
.ECKE
.IVF
.IVFE
.STOP
.MODE
.SCLR
.CLK2 to CLK0
TCDT
• Port
Register name. bit name
Set IN0 input of port
Program example
void INPUT0_sample(void)
{
freerun_initial();
INPUT0_initial();
INPUT0_start();
freerun_start();
}
void freerun_initial(void)
{
IO_TCCS.word = 0x20; /* Setting value=0000_0000_0010_0000 */
/* bit15 = 0
ECKE internal clock source */
/* bit7 = 0
IVF interrupt request flag */
/* bit6 = 0
IVFE disable interrupt */
/* bit5 = 1
Disable STOP count */
/* bit4 = 0
Initialize by MODE reset, clear bit */
/* bit3 = 0
Initialize SCLR free-run timer value */
/* bit2 to bit0 = 000B CLK2 to CLK0 count clock φ*/
IO_TCDT = 0x0000;
void INPUT0_initial(void)
{
IO_DDR9.byte = 0x00; /* DDR9 IN0(P96) input */
DDR9 .P96
IO_ICS01.byte = 0x01;
• Control input capture
Set control register
Interrupt request flag>>
Interrupt request enable>>
Select ch.1 valid edge polarity>>
Select ch.0 valid edge polarity>>
ICS01
.ICP1,ICP0
.ICE1,ICE0
.EG11,EG10
.EG01,EG00
• Interrupt related
Set interrupt level
Set I flag
Register name. bit name
ICS01 .ICE0
• Start Free-run timer
Register name. bit name
TCCS .STOP
<Interrupt>
• Interrupt processing
Register name. bit name
Clear interrupt request flag
/* bit5, bit4 = 00B
Disable ICE1, ICE0 interrupt */
/* bit3, bit2 = 00B
No EG11, EG10 ch.1 edge detection */
/* bit1, bit0 = 01B
EG01, EG00 ch.0 rising edge detection */
}
<Start>
• Start input capture ch.0
Start count operation
/* Setting value=0000_0001 */
/* bit7, bit6 = 00B
Clear ICP1, ICP0 valid edge flag */
IO_ICR07.byte = 0x10; /* Set input capture ch.0 interrupt level (arbitrary value) */
__EI();
/* Enable interrupt */
count = 0;
ICR07
(CCR)
• Set variable
Interrupt control
/* Initialize timer data value */
}
ICS01 .ICP0
(Arbitrary processing)
••••••••••
void INPUT0_start(void)
{
IO_ICS01.bit.ICE0 = 1;
}
void freerun_start(void)
{
IO_TCCS.bit.STOP = 0;
}
/* bit4 = 1
Enable ICE0 ch.0 interrupt */
/* bit5 = 0
Enable STOP count */
__interrupt void INPUT0_int(void)
{
IO_ICS01.bit.ICP0 = 0;
/* bit6 = 0
Clear ICP0 valid edge detection flag */
if(count==0)
Data1 = IO_IPCP0;
/* Record value of free-run timer (first time) */
else if(count==1) {
Data2 = IO_IPCP0;
/* Record value of free-run timer (second time) */
cycle = (data2-data1)*125;
/* Measure time */
}
count++;
}
<Interrupt vector>
• Set vector table
#pragma intvect INPUT0_int 26
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value) are
required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and
"CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
232
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX FAMILY MB90980 SERIES".
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Type of external input valid edge polarity and selection method
The valid edge polarity has rising edge, falling edge, and both edges.
Set by the valid edge polarity bit of external input (ICS01.EG[01:00], ICS01.EG[11:10]).
Table 13.6-19 Type of External Input Valid Edge Polarity and Selection Method
Operation
Valid edge polarity bit of external input
(EG[01:00], EG[11:10])
To select rising edge
Select "00"
To select falling edge
Select "10"
To select both edges
Select "11"
● Method to set to external input pin (IN0, IN1)
Set by data direction bit (DDR9.P96, DDR9.P97).
Table 13.6-20 Method to Set to External Input Pin
Operation
Data direction bit (P96, P97)
To set to external input pin (IN0, IN1)
Set to "0"
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between channel, interrupt level, and interrupt vector is shown in the following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 13.6-21 Relationship Between Channel, Interrupt Level, and Interrupt Vector
Channel
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting register
Input capture 0
#26
Address: 0FFFF94H
Interrupt level register (ICR07)
Address : 000B7H
Input capture 1
#27
Address: 0FFFF90H
Interrupt level register (ICR08)
Address : 000B8H
The interrupt request flag (ICS01.ICP0, ICS01.ICP1) is not cleared automatically. Clear the flag by writing
"0" to the input capture interrupt request flag (ICP1, ICP0) with software before returning from interrupt
processing.
● Type of interrupt
One interrupt is provided only. It generates at edge detection of the input signal.
233
CHAPTER 13 16-BIT INPUT/OUTPUT TIMER
● Method to enable interrupt
Enabling the interrupt sets using the interrupt request enable bit (ICS01.ICE0, ICS01.ICE1).
Table 13.6-22 Method to Enable Interrupt
Interrupt request enable bit (ICE0, ICE1)
Disable interrupt
Set to "0"
Enable interrupt
Set to "1"
Clearing the interrupt request set using the interrupt request bit ( ICS01.ICP0, ICS01.ICP1).
Table 13.6-23 Clear Interrupt Request
Interrupt request bit (ICP0, ICP1)
Clear interrupt request
Write "0"
● Method to measure pulse width of input signal
• H width measurement:
Both edges are set at edge detection.
Rising edge is detected and then falling edge is detected.
Pulse width = { value recorded at falling (value of input capture register) +
10000H × number of times overflow value recorded at rising (value of input capture register)} ×
count clock width of free-run timer
Example: Value recorded at falling = 2320H, value recorded at rising = A635H,
number of times overflow = 1, count clock = 125ns
→ pulse width = (2320H 10000H - A635H) × 125ns = 3997.375μs
• Cycle measurement:
Rising (or falling) is set at edge detection.
Edge is detected twice.
Cycle = {value recorded at second time (value of input capture register) +
10000H × number of times overflow value recorded at first time (value of input capture register)} ×
count clock width of free-run timer
234
CHAPTER 14
8/16-BIT UP/DOWN
COUNTER/TIMER
This chapter has an overview of the 8/16-bit up/down
counter/timer, describes the configuration and functions
of its registers, and explains its operation.
14.1 Overview of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter Timer
14.2 Configuration of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
14.3 Configuration and Functions of Registers for 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer
14.4 Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
14.5 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer Operation
14.6 Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
235
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
14.1
Overview of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter Timer
The 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer consists of six event input pins, two 8-bit up/down
counter registers, two 8-bit reload/compare registers, and their control circuits.
■ Major Functions of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
236
8-bit count register used for counting in a range of 0 to 255 (in the 16 bits x one operation mode,
counting in a range of 0 to 65535 is possible).
Four types of count modes can be selected for the count clock.
• Timer mode
• Up/down count mode
• Phase difference decremented mode (two times)
• Phase difference decremented mode (eight times)
In the timer mode, the count clock (for 25 MHz) is selected from two types of internal clocks:
• 80 ns (12.5 MHz: frequency divided by 2)
• 0.32 μs (3.125 MHz: frequency divided by 8)
In the up/down count mode, a detection edge of the external pin input signal may be selected:
• Falling edge detection
• Rising edge detection
• Both falling and rising edges detection
• Edge detection prohibited
The phase difference count mode is suitable for counting encoder output such as motor, where encoder
output from phases A, B, and Z is used as input, thereby facilitating high-precision counting of rotation
angle and rotations.
The ZIN pin is used to select from two types of functions:
• Counter clear function
• Gate function
Compare and reload functions are provided, where each function or a combination of them are
available. Starting both functions allows up/down counting with any time width.
• Compare function (an interrupt is issued during compare)
• Compare function (an interrupt is issued and the counter is cleared during compare)
• Reload function (an interrupt is issued and reloaded during compare)
• Compare and reload functions (an interrupt is issued and the counter is cleared during compare, and
an interrupt is issued and reloaded when an underflow occurs)
• Compare and reload prohibited
Interrupt generation is individually controlled during compare, a reload (underflow), or an overflow.
The count direction flag identifies the count direction of the last counter operation
An interrupt occurs when the count direction is switched
14.2
Configuration of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
The 8-bit up/down counter/timer has two channels and consists of three event input
pins, one 8-bit up/down count, and one 8-bit reload/compare register per channel. Also,
one of two 8-bit up/down counter/timer channels can be used as the 16-bit up/down
counter/timer. (When using as the 16-bit up/down counter/timer, the register of ch.0 is
valid.)
■ Block Diagram of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Figure 14.2-1 and Figure 14.2-2 are block diagrams of the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer.
Figure 14.2-1 Block Diagram of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer (Channel 0)
Data bus
8 bits
CGE1
ZIN0
CGE0
CGSC
Edge/level
detected
RCR0 (reload/compare register 0)
CTUT
Reload
control
UCRE
UDCC
RLDE
Counter clear
8 bits
UDCR0 (up/down count register 0)
Carry
CMPF
CES1 CES0
UDFF OVFF
CMS1 CMS0
Count clock
UDMS
AIN0
BIN0
CITE UDIE
Up/down count
clock selection
UDF1 UDF0 CDCF CFIE
Prescaler
CSTR
Interrupt
output
CLKS
237
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
Figure 14.2-2 Block Diagram of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer (Channel 1)
Data bus
8 bits
CGE1
ZIN1
CGE0
CGSC
Edge/level
detected
RCR1 (reload/compare register 1)
CTUT
Reload
control
UCRE
UDCC
RLDE
Counter clear
8 bits
UDCR1 (up/down count register 1)
CMPF
UDFF OVFF
CMS1 CMS0 CES1 CES0 M16E UDMS
CITE UDIE
Carry
AIN1
BIN1
Count clock
Up/down count
clock selection
Prescaler
UDF1 UDF0 CDCF CFIE
CSTR
Interrupt
output
CLKS
■ Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
The pin related to the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer has the AIN0/BIN0/ZIN0 and AIN1/BIN1/ZIN1
pins. The AIN0/BIN0/ZIN0 pin functions as the general-purpose I/O port (AIN0/P30, BIN0/P31, ZIN0/
P32) and the input pin of the up/down counter/timer. The AIN1/BIN1/ZIN1 pin functions as the generalpurpose I/O port (AIN1/P33, BIN1/P34, ZIN1/P35) and the input pin of the up/down counter/timer.
● Setting when using as AIN0/BIN0/ZIN0 and AIN1/BIN1/ZIN1 pins
When using as the AIN/BIN/ZIN input pin, the AIN0/P30, BIN/P31, ZIN0/P32 and AIN1/P33, BIN1/P31,
ZIN1/P35 pins should be set to input port by the port direction register (DDR3 bit0, bit1, bit2, bit3, bit4,
bit5 → "0").
238
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Figure 14.2-3 Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/timer
Peripheral function input (AIN0/BIN0/ZIN0 AIN1/BIN1/ZIN1)
Port data register (PDR)
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
Pin
PDR Write
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Stand-by control (SPL=1)
Stand-by control: Stop mode (SPL=1), Time-base timer mode (SPL=1), Watch mode (SPL=1)
239
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
14.3
Configuration and Functions of Registers for 8/16-bit Up/
Down Counter/Timer
This section shows the configuration and explains the function of the 8/16-bit up/down
counter/timer registers.
■ List of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer Registers
Figure 14.3-1 shows a list of registers for the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer.
Figure 14.3-1 List of Registers for 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
bit 15
87
0
UDCR1
RCR1
Reserve area
CCRH0
Reserve area
CCRH1
UDCR0
RCR0
CSR0
CCRL0
CSR 1
CCRL1
8 bits
8 bits
bit 7
ch.0 UDCR0
Address: 000068H D07
6
D06
5
D05
4
D04
3
D03
2
D02
1
D01
0
D00
Initial value
00000000B
bit 15
ch.1 UDCR1
Address: 000069H D17
14
D16
13
D15
12
D14
11
D13
10
D12
9
D11
8
D10
Initial value
00000000B
bit 7
ch.0 RCR0
Address: 00006AH D07
6
D06
5
D05
4
D04
3
D03
2
D02
1
D01
0
D00
Initial value
00000000B
bit 15
ch.1 RCR1
Address: 00006BH D17
14
D16
13
D15
12
D14
11
D13
10
D12
9
D11
8
D10
Initial value
00000000B
ch.0 CSR0
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
Address: 000072H
CSTR CITE UDIE CMPF OVFF UDFF UDF1 UDF0 00000000B
ch.1 CSR1
Address: 000074H
ch.0 CCRL0
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
Address: 00006CH
UDMS CTUT UCRE RLDE UDCC CGSC CGE1 CGE0 0X00X000B
ch.1 CCRL1
Address: 000070H
240
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ch.0 CCRH0
M16E
CDCF
CFIE
CLKS
CMS1
CMS0
CES1
CES0
Address: 00006DH
Initial value
00000000B
bit 15
ch.1 CCRH1
Address: 000071H
Initial value
-0000000B
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CDCF CFIE CLKS CMS1 CMS0 CES1 CES0
14.3.1
Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper (CCRH0)
This section shows the configuration and explains the function of counter control
register (ch.0) upper (CCRH0).
■ Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper (CCRH0)
The bit configuration of counter control register (ch.0) upper (CCRH0) is shown below.
Figure 14.3-2 Bit Configuration of Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper (CCRH0)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
bit 15
CCRH0
ch.0 Address: 00006DH M16E CDCF CFIE CLKS CMS1 CMS0 CES1 CES0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
00000000B
Counter control register (ch.0) upper (CCRH0) consists of bits that have the functions explained below.
[bit15] M16E (16-bit mode permit)
This bit is used to select (switch) an operation mode of 8 bits x 2 channels or 16 bits x 1 channel.
M16E
Setting 16-bit mode permit
0
8 bits x 2 channels operation mode (initial value)
1
16 bits x 1 channel operation mode
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
[bit14] CDCF (count direction reversal flag)
This bit is a flag that is set when the count direction is switched. It is set in the count start mode when
the count direction is switched from either up to down or down to up.
The initialization (writing "0") is only permitted.
Read-modify-write type instructions reads "1" irrespective of bit values.
CDCF
Direction reversal detection
0
No reversal of direction (initial value)
1
One or more reversals of direction
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CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
[bit13] CFIE (count direction reversal interrupt enable)
If CDCF is defined, this bit is used to control interrupt output to the CPU. An interrupt generates if count
direction changes even a single time in the count start mode when this bit is set to "1".
CFIE
Direction reversal interrupt output
0
Direction reversal interrupt output prohibit (initial value)
1
Direction reversal interrupt output permit
[bit12] CLKS (built-in prescaler selection)
This bit is used to select the frequency of built-in prescaler in the selection of the timer mode.
It is valid in the timer mode, and only decrementing (down count) is permitted.
CLKS
Internal clock selected
0
2 machine cycles (initial value)
1
8 machine cycles
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
[bit11, bit10] CMS1, CMS0 (count mode selection)
These bits are used to select the count mode.
CMS1
CMS0
Count mode
0
0
Timer mode [decremented] (initial value)
0
1
Up/down count mode
1
0
Phase difference count mode: frequency multiplied by 2
1
1
Phase difference count mode: frequency multiplied by 4
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
[bit9, bit8] CES1, CES0 (count clock edge selection)
These bits are used to select the detection edge of external pins AIN and BIN in the up/down count
mode.
This setting is invalid in modes other than up/down count.
CES1
CES0
Selected edge
0
0
Edge detect prohibit (initial value)
0
1
Falling edge detect
1
0
Rising edge detect
1
1
Both rising and falling edges detected
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
242
14.3.2
Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper (CCRH1)
This section describes the configuration and explains the function of counter control
register (ch.1) upper (CCRH1).
■ Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper (CCRH1)
The bit configuration of the counter control register (ch.1) upper (CCRH1) is shown below.
Figure 14.3-3 Bit Configuration of Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper (CCRH1)
bit 15
CCRH1
ch.1 Address: 000071H
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CDCF CFIE CLKS CMS1 CMS0 CES1 CES0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
-0000000B
Counter control register (ch.1) upper (CCRH1) consists of bits that have the functions explained below.
[bit14] CDCF (count direction reversal flag)
This bit is set when the count direction changes. It is set in the count start mode when the count
direction changes from up to down or from down to up.
The initialization (writing "0") is only permitted.
Read-modify-write type instructions read "1" irrespective of bit values.
CDCF
Direction reversal detection
0
No direction reversals (initial value)
1
One or more reversals of direction
[bit13] CFIE (count direction reversal interrupt enable)
This bit is used to control interrupt output to the CPU if CDCF is defined. It generates an interrupt in
the count start mode when the count direction changes if this bit is set to "1".
CFIE
Direction reversal interrupt output
0
Direction reversal interrupt output prohibit (initial value)
1
Direction reversal interrupt output permit
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CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
[bit12] CLKS (built-in prescaler selection)
This bit is used to select the frequency of built-in prescaler when the timer mode is selected.
This is only valid in the timer mode, where only decrementing is permitted.
CLKS
Selection internal clock
0
2 machine cycles (initial value)
1
8 machine cycles
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
[bit11, bit10] CMS1, CMS0 (count mode selection)
These bits are used to select the count mode.
CMS1
CMS0
Count mode
0
0
Timer mode [decremented] (initial value)
0
1
Up/down count mode
1
0
Phase difference count mode: frequency multiplied by 2
1
1
Phase difference count mode: frequency multiplied by 4
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
[bit9, bit8] CES1, CES0 (count clock edge selection)
These bits are used in the up/down count mode to select a detection edge for external pins AIN and
BIN.
This setting is invalid in modes other than up/down count.
CES1
CES0
Selected edge
0
0
Edge detect prohibit (initial value)
0
1
Falling edge detect
1
0
Rising edge detect
1
1
Both rising and falling edges detected
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
244
14.3.3
Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower
(CCRL0/CCRL1)
This section describes the configuration and explains the function of counter control
register (ch.0/ch.1) lower (CCRL0/CCRL1).
■ Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower (CCRL0/CCRL1)
The bit configuration of counter control register (ch.0/ch.1) lower (CCRL0/CCRL1) is shown below.
Figure 14.3-4 Bit Configuration of Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower (CCRL0/CCRL1)
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CCRL0
ch.0 Address: 00006CH UDMS CTUT UCRE RLDE UDCC CGSC CGE1 CGE0
CCRL1
W
R/W R/W
W
R/W R/W R/W
ch.1 Address: 000070H R/W
Initial value
0X00X000B
Counter control register (ch.0/ch.1) lower (CCRL0/CCRL1) consists of bits that have the functions
explained below.
[bit7] UDMS (up/down counting mode selection)
This bit is used to control the up/down counting at the falling edge of the BIN pin in the phase
difference counter mode at frequency multiplied by 2.
It is initialized to "0" by a reset. Read and write operations are possible.
UDMS
Operation
0
Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "H" (initial
value)
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "L" (initial
value)
1
Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "L"
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "H"
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
[bit6] CTUT (counter write)
This bit is used to control data transfers from RCR to UDCR.
If this bit is set to "1", data is transferred from RCR to UDCR.
Writing "0" has no effect.
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CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
[bit5] UCRE (UDCR clear enable)
This bit is used to control UDCR clear caused by compare.
This does not affect the UDCR clear function (such as caused by the ZIN pin setting) other than clear
because of compare generation.
UCRE
Counter clear caused by compare
0
Counter clear prohibit (initial value)
1
Counter clear permit
[bit4] RLDE (reload enable)
This bit is used to control the start of the reload function. The RCR value is transferred to UDCR if an
underflow occurs when the reload function starts.
RLDE
Reload function
0
Reload function prohibit (initial value)
1
Reload function permit
[bit3] UDCC (UDCR clear)
This bit is used to clear UDCR. Writing "0" to this bit clears UDCR to "0000H".
Writing "1" has no effect.
[bit2] CGSC (counter clear/gate selection)
This bit is used to select a function of external pin ZIN.
CGSC
ZIN function
0
Counter clear function (initial value)
1
Gate function
[bit1, 0] CGE1, CGE0 (counter clear/gate edge selection)
These bits are used to select a detection edge/level for external pin ZIN.
CGE1
CGE0
For selecting the counter clear function
For selecting the gate function
0
0
Edge detect prohibited (initial value)
Level detect prohibited (count disable)
0
1
Falling edge
"L" level
1
0
Rising edge
"H" level
1
1
Setting is prohibited
Setting is prohibited
If this bit is rewritten after its start, the count value is not assured.
246
14.3.4
Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1)
This section describes the configuration and explains the function of counter status
register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1).
■ Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1)
The bit configuration of the counter status register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) is shown below.
Figure 14.3-5 Bit Configuration of Counter Status Register 0/1(CSR0/CSR1)
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CSR0
ch.0 Address: 000072H CSTR CITE UDIE CMPF OVFF UDFF UDF1 UDF0
CSR 1
R
R
ch.1 Address: 000074H R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
00000000B
Counter status register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) consists of bits that have the functions explained below.
[bit7] CSTR (count start)
This bit is used to control the UDCR count start/stop operation.
CSTR
Count start/stop operation
0
Count operation stop (initial value)
1
Count operation start
[bit6] CITE (compare interrupt output control)
This bit is used to control permit/prohibition of interrupt output to the CPU if CMPF is defined (if a
compare occurs).
CITE
Permit/prohibit of compare interrupt output
0
Compare interrupt output prohibited (initial value)
1
Compare interrupt output permitted
[bit5] UDIE (overflow/underflow interrupt output control)
This bit is used to control the permit/prohibition of interrupt output to the CPU if OVFF/UDFF is
defined (if overflow/underflow occurs).
UDIE
Permit/prohibit of overflow/underflow interrupt output
0
Overflow/underflow interrupt output prohibited (initial value)
1
Overflow/underflow interrupt output permitted
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CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
[bit4] CMPF (compare detect flag)
This bit is a flag indicating that the UDCR and RCR values match each other after a comparison.
The initialization (writing "0") is only permitted.
Read-modify-write type instructions read "1" irrespective of bit values.
CMPF
Match/no match at compare detection
0
No match in compare results (initial value)
1
Match in compare results
[bit3] OVFF (overflow detect flag)
This bit is a flag indicating an overflow occurred.
The initialization (writing "0") is only permitted.
Read-modify-write type instructions read "1" irrespective of bit values.
OVFF
Overflow occurrence
0
No overflow occurred (initial value)
1
Overflow occurred
[bit2] UDFF (underflow detect flag)
This bit is a flag indicating that an underflow occurs.
The initialization (writing "0") is only permitted.
Read-modify-write type instructions read "1" irrespective of bit values.
UDFF
Underflow occurrence
0
No underflow occurred (initial value)
1
Underflow occurred
[bit1, bit0] UDF1, UDF0 (up/down flag)
These bits are used to indicate the last count operation (up/down) performed.
Only reading is permitted but writing is not.
248
UDF1
UDF0
Detect edge
0
0
No input (initial value)
0
1
Decremented
1
0
Incremented
1
1
Simultaneous up/down occurred
14.3.5
Up/Down Count Register (ch.0/ch.1) (UDCR0/UDCR1)
Up/down count register (ch.0/ch.1) (UDCR0/UDCR1) has the configuration and function
explained below.
■ Up/Down Count Register (ch.0/ch.1) (UDCR0/UDCR1)
The bit configuration of the up/down count register (ch.0/ch.1) (UDCR0/UDCR1) is shown below.
Figure 14.3-6 Bit Configuration of Up/Down Count Register (ch.0/ch.1) (UDCR0/UDCR1)
bit 15
UDCR 1
ch.1 Address: 000069H D17
R
bit 7
UDCR 0
ch.0 Address: 000068H D07
R
14
D16
R
6
D06
R
13
D15
R
5
D05
R
12
D14
R
4
D04
R
11
D13
R
3
D03
R
10
D12
R
2
D02
R
9
D11
R
1
D01
R
8
D10
R
0
D00
R
Initial value
00000000B
Initial value
00000000B
This register is an 8-bit count register. With an internal prescaler or AIN/BIN pin input, an up/down count
operation is performed. It operates as a 16-bit count register in the 16-bit count mode. In this case, the highorder 8-bit setting of the control register is disabled.
This register is not allowed to write. This register must be written via RCR. The value to be written to this
register must first be written to RCR, and then it is transferred from RCR value to this register by setting
the CCRL: CTUT bit to "1" (reloading by software).
This register uses word access for reading.
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CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
14.3.6
Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1)
This section describes the configuration and explains the function of reload/compare
register (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1).
■ Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1)
Reload/compare register (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1) has the bit configuration shown below.
Figure 14.3-7 Bit Configuration of Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1)
bit 15
RCR1
ch.1 Address: 00006BH D17
W
bit 7
RCR0
ch.0 Address: 00006AH D07
W
14
D16
W
6
D06
W
13
D15
W
5
D05
W
12
D14
W
4
D04
W
11
D13
W
3
D03
W
10
D12
W
2
D02
W
9
D11
W
1
D01
W
8
D10
W
0
D00
W
Initial value
00000000B
Initial value
00000000B
Reload/compare registers (ch.0/ch.1) (RCR0/RCR1) are used to specify a reload value and compare value.
The reload value and compare value have the same value and, by starting the reload function and compare
function, an up/down count is available between the "00H" and RCR values (16-bit operation mode:
"0000H" to RCR value).
This register allows write-only operations but not read operations. By writing "1" to the CCR0/CCR1:
CTUT bit, this register value can be transferred to UDCR (reloading by software).
Write to this register with word access.
250
14.4
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
The interrupt of the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer occurs when the count direction is
changed only once during count start, when an match of comparison result is detected,
or the overflow/underflow occurs.
The DMA transfer and extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS) cannot be activated for
the interrupt of the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer.
■ Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Table 14.4-1 shows the interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer.
Table 14.4-1 Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Count direction
detection interrupt
Overflow/
underflow interrupt
Counter compare
match interrupt
Interrupt request flag
CCRH0: CDCF (bit14) ch.0
CCRH1: CDCF (bit14) ch.1
CSR0: OVFF (bit3) ch.0
UDFF (bit2)
CSR1: OVFF (bit3) ch.1
UDFF (bit2)
CSR0: CMPF (bit4) ch.0
CSR1: CMPF (bit4) ch.1
Interrupt request output
enable bit
CCRH0: CFIE (bit13) ch.0
CCRH1: CFIE (bit13) ch.1
CSR0: UDIE (bit5) ch.0
CSR1: UDIE (bit5) ch.1
CSR0: CITE (bit6) ch.0
CSR1: CITE (bit6) ch.1
Interrupt generation source
Up/down counter
direction detection
Overflow/
underflow detection
Match between value of
up/down counter and that of
reload/compare register
CCRH0 correspond to up/down counter pins (AIN0/BIN0/ZIN0).
CCRH1 correspond to up/down counter pins (AIN1/BIN1/ZIN1).
● Count direction change interrupt
The operation for generating the count direction change interrupt is shown below.
• Bit14: CDCF flag of the counter control register (CCRH0/CCRH1) is set to "1".
• While bit13: CFIE of the interrupt request (CCRH0/CCRH1) is enabled (1). When the count direction is
changed only once during count start, the interrupt occurs.
● Overflow/underflow interrupt
The operation for generating the overflow/underflow interrupt is shown below.
• Bit5: UDIE flag of the counter status register (CSR0/CSR1) is set to "1".
• If bit3: OVFF or bit2: UDFF of the counter status register (CSR0/CSR1) is set to "1", the interrupt
request occurs.
● Counter compare match interrupt
The operation for generating the compare interrupt is shown below.
• Bit6: CITE flag of the counter status register (CSR0/CSR1) is set to "1".
• When a comparison result between the UDCR value and RCR value using bit4: CMPF of the counter
status register (CSR0/CSR1) matches, the interrupt request occurs.
251
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
■ Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 14.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 14.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt source
8/16-bit up/down counter/timer*
(ch.0, ch.1)
Compare/underflow/overflow/reverse up/down
EI2OS
clear
❍
μDMAC
channel
number
×
Interrupt vector
Number
#25
Address
FFFF98H
Interrupt control
register
Number
ICR07
Address
0000B7H
× : Interrupt request flag is not cleared.
❍ : Interrupt request flag is cleared.
* : This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.3-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, other interrupt
function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to execute
the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer does not correspond to the DMA transfer function, but the EI2OS
function. When the EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the
interrupt control register (ICR).
252
14.5
8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer Operation
This section explains different count modes in the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer and
the operation of the reload/compare function.
■ Selection of Count Mode
The 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer has 4 types of count modes. These count modes are selected with
CCRH: CMS1 or CMS0.
Table 14.5-1 Selection of Count Mode
CMS1
CMS0
Count mode
0
0
Timer mode (decremented)
0
1
Up/down count mode
1
0
Phase difference count mode: frequency multiplied by 2
1
1
Phase difference count mode: frequency multiplied by 4
● Timer mode (decremented)
In the timer mode, output of the internal prescaler is decremented. The built-in prescaler enables selection
of either 2 machine cycles or 8 machine cycles with CCRH: CLKS.
● Up/down count mode
In the up/down count mode, counting the input of external pins AIN and BIN enables an up/down count.
AIN pin input controls increments, and BIN pin input controls decrements.
Input of the AIN pin and BIN pin indicates an edge detection for input, enabling selection of a detection
edge with CCRH: CES1 and CES0.
Table 14.5-2 Selection of Edge Detection
CES1
CES0
Detect edge
0
0
Edge detect prohibit
0
1
Falling edge detect
1
0
Rising edge detect
1
1
Both falling and rising edges detected
● Phase difference count mode (at frequency multiplied by 2/frequency multiplied by 4)
In the phase difference count mode, to count the encoder phase difference between output signal phases A
and B, the BIN pin input level is checked for counting if the AIN pin input edge is detected, and the AIN
pin input level is checked for counting if the BIN pin input edge is detected.
In the modes at frequency multiplied by 2 and frequency multiplied by 4, the phase difference is checked
253
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
between AIN and BIN pin inputs. If the AIN pin is advanced, it is incremented and, if the BIN pin is
advanced, it is decremented.
In the mode at frequency multiplied by 2, at the timing of both the rising and falling edges of the BIN pin,
counting is done as required by checking for the AIN pin value. Count operations in this case are as
follows:
•
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the rising edge of the BIN pin is "H"
•
Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the rising edge of the BIN pin is "L"
The AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is selected from the following two types 1)
and 2):
1) Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of BIN pin is "H"
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "L"
2) Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "L"
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "H"
Figure 14.5-1 Outline of Phase Difference Count Mode (at Frequency Multiplied by 2) Operation
AIN pin
BIN pin
Count in falling edge detect 1)
Count value 0
+1
1
+1
2
+1
3
+1
4
+1
5
-1
4
+1
5
-1
4
-1
3
-1
2
-1
1
-1
0
Count in falling edge detect 2)
Count value
0
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
4
3
4
3
4
In the mode at frequency multiplied by 4, the AIN pin value is checked for counting at the timing of both
the BIN pin rising and falling edges. BIN pin value is checked for counting at the timing of both the AIN
pin rising and falling edges. Count operations for such cases are described below.
254
•
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the rising edge of the BIN pin is "H"
•
Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the rising edge of the BIN pin is "L"
•
Decremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "H"
•
Incremented if the AIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the BIN pin is "L"
•
Decremented if the BIN pin value detected at the rising edge of the AIN pin is "H"
•
Incremented if the BIN pin value detected at the rising edge of the AIN pin is "L"
•
Incremented if the BIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the AIN pin is "H"
•
Decremented if the BIN pin value detected at the falling edge of the AIN pin is "L"
Figure 14.5-2 Outline of Phase Difference Count Mode (at Frequency Multiplied by 4) Operation
AIN pin
BIN pin
+1 +1 +1 +1
Count value 0 1 2 3 4
+1 +1 +1 +1
5 6 7 8
+1 +1
9 10
-1
9
+1
10
-1
9
-1 -1 -1 -1
8 7 6 5
-1 -1 -1 -1
4 3 2 1
In counting the encoder output, the input condition must be arranged by defining the relationship between
the phases and pins shown below. Thus, high-precision detection can enable the rotation angle, rotation
count, and rotation direction to be measured.
•
Inputting phase A to the AIN pin
•
Inputting phase B to the BIN pin
•
Inputting phase Z to the ZIN pin
If this count mode is selected, the selection of detection edge via CCRH: CES1/CES0 and CCRL: CGE1/
CGE0 is disabled.
255
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
14.5.1
Reload/Compare Function
The 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer has reload and compare functions. These two
functions may be mixed for processing.
■ Selection of Reload and Compare Functions
Table 14.5-3 shows an example of selecting reload and compare functions.
Table 14.5-3 Selection Example of Reload/Compare Function
RLDE, UCRE
Reload and compare functions
00B
Reload/compare prohibit (initial value)
01B
Compare permit
10B
Reload permit
11B
Reload/compare permit
■ Reload Function
At the start of the reload function, the RCR value is transferred to UDCR at the timing of the down-count
clock next to the clock in which an underflow occurs. In this example, UDFF is specified, and an interrupt
request occurs.
In a mode where there is no down counting (decrement), the start of this function is disabled.
Figure 14.5-3 Outline of Reload Function Operation
(0FFFFH)
0FFH
Reload/interrupt generated
Reload/interrupt generated
RCR
00H
256
Underflow
Underflow
■ Compare Function
The compare function is available in any modes other than the timer mode. If RCR and UDCR values
match at the start of the compare function, CMPF is specified and an interrupt request generates. When the
compare clear function starts, UDCR is cleared at the next timing of the incremented clock.
In a mode where there is no up counting, the start of this function is disabled.
Figure 14.5-4 Outline of Compare Function Operation
(0FFFFH)
0FFH
Compare result matched
Compare result matched
RCR
00H
Counter cleared,
interrupt generated
Counter cleared,
interrupt generated
■ Up/Down Count at Any Width
When a reload/compare function starts, an up/down count is available at any width.
When an underflow occurs by the reload function, the RCR value is transferred to UDCR. The compare
function clears UDCR if RCR and UDCR have matching values. Using both functions, an up/down count is
performed in a range of 00H to RCR.
Figure 14.5-5 Outline of Operation where Reload and Compare Functions Start at One Time
(0FFFFH)
0FFH
RCR
00H
Compare result Compare result
Reload
matched
matched
Counter
clear
Counter
clear
Underflow
Reload
Reload
Underflow
Underflow
Compare result
matched
Counter
clear
If a reload (underflow) occurs or compare result finds a match, an interrupt can be generated to CPU. These
interrupt outputs are controlled so that they are enabled independently.
The timing of reload and clear operations for UDCR varies between the count start and stop modes.
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CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
● If reload or clear events are generated in a count operation
All operations are in sync with the count clock. Figure 14.5-6 shows an example of reloading 080H.
Figure 14.5-6 Normal Operation Counting
UDCR
065H
066H
080H
081H
↓ Synchronized with this clock
Reload/clear event
Count clock
● If reload and clear events are generated before the count operation stops
If counting stops in the count clock sync wait mode (state where count input is held for synchronization),
reload and clear operations are performed when the stop occurs.
Figure 14.5-7 shows an example of reloading 080H.
Figure 14.5-7 Count Stop Operation in Count Clock Sync Signal Wait Mode
UDCR
065H
066H
080H
Reload/clear event
Count clock
Count enable
Enable (count permitted)
Disable (count prohibited)
● If reload and clear events are generated in the count stop mode
Update of UDCR is performed when an event occurs.
Figure 14.5-8 shows an example of reloading 080H.
Figure 14.5-8 Operation when Reload/Clear Event Occurs in Count Stop Mode
UDCR
065H
080H
Reload/clear event
A clear operation caused by compare is performed if the UDCR and RCR values match and incrementing
(up count) occurs. Even if the UDCR and RCR values match, no clear operation is performed if a downcount or count stop occurs subsequently.
A clear operation is performed at the above timing for all events other than reset input. Reload is also
performed at the above timing in any event.
If clear and reload events occur at the same time, the clear event has priority.
258
14.5.2
Writing Data to Up/Down Count Register (UDCR)
Writing data directly to UDCR from a data bus is not permitted. This section includes
procedures for writing any data to UDCR.
■ Writing Data to UDCR
Data can be written to UDCR with the following procedures:
1. Data to be written to UDCR is first saved to RCR. Make sure that RCR data is discarded.
2. Writing "1" to CCRH: CTUT transfers the data from RCR to UDCR.
■ Clearing the Counter
The following procedures clear the counter.
•
Clearing with reset input (initialize)
•
Clearing with an edge input from the ZIN pin
•
Clearing by writing "0" to CCRL: UDCC
•
Clearing with the compare function
Such a clear operation is performed regardless of the occurrence for count start/stop.
■ Count Clear/Gate Function
The ZIN pin is used by CCRH: CGSC as either a count clear or gate function.
If the count clear function starts, the counter is cleared at the edge input from the ZIN pin. The edge of the
ZIN pin input signal used to clear the count is selected using CCRL: CGE1/CGE0. This function is used to
input the phase Z output of the encoder to the pin, enabling UDCR to be cleared at the start of encoder
counting.
If the gate function starts, the count is enabled or disabled depending on the level input from the ZIN pin.
The level of the ZIN pin input signal used to enable the count selects using CCRL: CGE1/CGE0.
This function is available for all count modes.
Table 14.5-4 Selection of ZIN Pin Function
CGSC
ZIN pin function
CGE1, CGE0
Counter clear function
Gate function
0
Counter clear function
00B
Detect prohibited
Detect prohibited
1
Gate function
01B
Rising edge
"L" level
10B
Falling edge
"H" level
259
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
■ Count Direction Flag, Count Direction Reversal Flag
The count direction flag (UDF1, UDF0) indicates whether the last count operation was either an up-count
or down-count if an up- or down-count was performed. By evaluating the count clock generated by input of
both the AIN and BIN pins, a flag is updated at every count operation. If information on the current rotation
direction is required for controlling the motor, it is identified by checking this flag.
This function is available in all count modes.
Table 14.5-5 Count Direction Flag
UDF1, UDF0
Count direction
01B
Down count (decrement)
10B
Up count (increment)
11B
Up/down simultaneously generated (no count operation performed)
The count direction reversal flag (CDCF) is set when the count direction is switched between counting up
and counting down. When this flag is set, an interrupt is generated to the CPU. By referring to this interrupt
and the count direction flag (UDF1, UDF0), changes of direction are identified. However, note that the
direction indicated by the flag may be restored to the original one and the correct count direction reversal
cannot be detected after one reversal of direction if the duration of the direction reversal is short and/or
occurs repeatedly.
Table 14.5-6 Count Direction Reversal Flag
CDCF
260
Count direction reversal detection
0
No direction reversal
1
Direction reversal (one or more times)
14.6
Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
This section describes the program example of the 8/16-bit up/down counter/timer.
■ Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Example of setting procedure
Program example
16-bit mode timer mode (down count) Count clock = 8
division
Reload count value and generate interval
interrupt. Interrupt source = underflow
void UD0_sample_1(void)
{
UD0_initial();
UD0_start();
}
<Initial setting>
• Control up/down counter ch.0
void UD0_initial(void)
{
IO_CCR0.word = 0x9018; /*Setting value=1001_0000_0001_1000 */
/* bit15 = 1
M16E 16bit×1ch operation mode */
/* bit14 = 0
Clear CDCF count direction reversal flag */
/* bit13 = 0
Disable CFIE direction reversal interrupt */
/* bit12 = 1
CLKS 8 machine cycles */
/* bit11, bit10 = 00B CMS1, CMS0 timer mode */
Set control register
Set 16-bit mode enable>>
Reverse count direction>>
CCR0
.M16E
.CDCF
.CFIE
Enable count direction reversal interrupt>>
Select built-in prescaler>>
Select count mode>>
Select count clock edge>>
Select up/down mode>>
Write counter>>
Enable UDCR clear>>
Enable reload function>>
UDCR clear>>
Counter clear/gate selection>>
Counter clear/gate edge selection>>
.CLKS
.CMS1, CMS0
.CES1, CES0
.UDMS
.CTUT
.UCRE
.RLDE
.UDCC
.CGSC
.CGE1, CGE0
/* bit9, bit8 = 00B
Disable CES1, CES0 edge detection */
/* bit7 = 0
/* bit6 = 0
/* bit5 = 0
/* bit4 = 1
/* bit3 = 1
/* bit2 = 0
/* bit1, bit0 = 00B
Select UMDS up/down mode */
Write CTUT counter (invalid) */
Disable UCRE counter clear */
Enable RLDE reload function */
Clear UDCC UDCR (invalid) */
CGSC ZIN counter clear function */
Disable CGE1, CGE0 ZIN edge detection */
• Set reload value/compare value
Set reload value
RCR0
RCR1
IO_RCR0 = 0xff;
IO_RCR1 = 0xff;
/* Set 16-bit mode reload value (arbitrary value) */
IO_ICR07.byte = 0x10;
__EI();
/* Set interrupt level (arbitrary value) */
/*Enable interrupt */
• Interrupt related
Set UD counter 0 interrupt level
Set I flag
ICR07
(CCR)
}
void UD0_start(void)
{
<Start>
• Start up/down counter ch.0
Register name. bit name
Control underflow interrupt
CSR0 .UDIE
CCR0 .CTUT
CSR0 .CSTR
Transfer data from RCR to UDCR
Start count operation
<Interrupt>
• Interrupt processing
Check underflow detection flag
Clear interrupt request flag
CSR0 .UDFF
(Arbitrary processing)
IO_CSR0.bit.UDIE = 1;
IO_CCR0.bit.CTUT = 1;
IO_CSR0.bit.CSTR = 1;
/* bit5 = 1
/* bit6 = 1
/* bit7 = 1
Enable UDIE underflow interrupt */
Write CTUT counter */
Activate CSTR count operation */
}
__interrupt void UD0_int(void)
{
if(IO_CSR0.bit.UDFF)
{
IO_CSR0.bit.UDFF = 0;
•••••
}
}
/* bit2 = 0
Clear UDFF underflow detection flag */
<Interrupt vector>
• Set vector table
#pragma intvect UD0_int 25
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value)
are required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and
"CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX FAMILY
MB90980 SERIES".
261
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Method to select 8-bit or 16-bit operation
Set by the 16-bit mode enable setting bit (CCR0.M16E).
Table 14.6-1 Method to Select 8-bit or 16-bit Operation
Bit length of up/down counter
16-bit mode enable setting bit (M16E)
To set to 8-bit
Set to "0"
To set to 16-bit
Set to "1"
● Type of count mode and setting method
There are four count modes.
The count mode sets using the count mode selection bits (CCR0.CMS[1:0], CCR1.CMS[1:0]).
Table 14.6-2 Type of Count Mode and Setting Method
Count mode
Count mode selection bit (CMS[1:0])
To set to timer mode
Set to "00B"
To set to up/down count mode
Set to "01B"
To set to phase difference count mode (2 multiplication)
Set to "10B"
To set to phase difference count mode (4 multiplication)
Set to "11B"
● Method to select count source at timer mode operation
Set by built-in prescaler selection bit (CCR0.CLKS, CCR1.CLKS).
Table 14.6-3 Method to Select Count Source at Timer Mode Operation
262
Count source at timer mode operation
Built-in prescaler selection bit (CLKS)
To set clock that is frequency of φ divided by 2
Set to "0"
To set clock that is frequency of φ divided by 8
Set to "1"
● Method to select edge when input signals (AIN, BIN) are detected at up/down counter operation
Set by the count clock edge selection bits (CCR0.CES[1:0], CCR1.CES[1:0]).
Table 14.6-4 Method to Select Edge when Input Signals (AIN, BIN) are Detected
at Up/Down Counter Operation
Count detection edge
Count clock edge selection bit (CES[1:0])
To set detection prohibition
Set to "00B"
To set falling detection
Set to "01B"
To set falling detection
Set to "10B"
To set both-edge detection
Set to "11B"
● Method to set the value to up/down counter
The value can be set to the up/down counter when "1" is written to the counter write bit (CCR0.CTUT,
CCR1.CTUT) after the value is written to the reload/compare register (RCR).
● Method to enable up/down counter clear when up count value of up/down counter and compare value
(RCR[0:1]) match and up count is performed
Set by the up/down counter clear enable bit (CCR0.UCRE, CCR1.UCRE).
Table 14.6-5 Method to Enable Up/Down Counter Clear when Up Count Value of Up/Down
Counter and Compare Value (RCR[0:1]) Match and Up Count is Performed
Operation
Up/down counter clear enable bit (UCRE)
To disable up/down counter clear
Set to "0"
To enable up/down counter clear
Set to "1"
● Method to enable the reload value (RCR[1:0]) to reload to the up/down counter when underflow of the
up/down counter is generated
Set by the reload enable bit (CCR0.RLDE, CCR1.RLDE).
Table 14.6-6 Method to Enable the Reload Value (RCR[1:0]) to Reload to the Up/Down
Counter when Underflow of the Up/Down Counter is Generated
Operation
Reload enable bit (RLDE)
To disable the reload value (RCR) reloading from
up/down counter
Set to "0"
To enable the reload value (RCR) to reload to up/
down counter
Set to "1"
263
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
● Method to clear up/down counter
The up/down counter can be cleared using the following methods
• Write "0" to the up/down counter clear bit (CCR0.UDCC, CCR1.UDCC)
• Edge input to ZIN pin
• Match between compare value and up count value of up/down counter
• Count up operation from full count
• Reset input (external reset, watchdog reset, software reset)
● Method to clear up/down counter by ZIN pin
Set by the counter clear gate bit (CCR0.CGSC, CCR1.CGSC) and counter clear gate edge selection bits
(CCR0.CGE[1:0], CCR1.CGE[1:0]). (valid for all count modes).
Table 14.6-7 Method to Clear Up/Down Counter by ZIN Pin
ZIN pin input
Counter clear gate
bit (CGSC)
Counter clear gate edge
selection bit (CGE[1:0])
To disable edge detection (no clear)
Set to "0"
Set to "00B"
To clear up/down counter at falling edge
Set to "0"
Set to "01B"
To clear up/down counter at rising edge
Set to "0"
Set to "10B"
Setting GCE[1:0]=11B is prohibited
● Method to control up/down count operation by ZIN pin
Set by the counter clear gate bit (CCR0.CGSC, CCR1.CGSC) and counter clear gate edge selection bits
(CCR0.CGE[1:0], CCR1.CGE[1:0]). (valid for all count modes).
Table 14.6-8 Method to Control Up/Down Count Operation by ZIN Pin
ZIN pin input
Counter clear gate bit
(CGSC)
Counter clear gate edge
selection bit (CGE[1:0])
To disable level detection (count disabled state)
Set to "1"
Set to "00B"
To operate up/down count at "L" level and stop up/
down count at "H" level
Set to "1"
Set to "01B"
To stop up/down count at "L" level and operate up/
down count at "H" level
Set to "1"
Set to "10B"
Setting GCE[1:0]=11B is prohibited
264
● Method to enable/disable count operation of up/down counter
Set by the count start bit (CSR0.CSTR, CSR1.CSTR) .
Table 14.6-9 Method to Enable/Disable Count Operation of Up/Down Counter
Operation
Count start bit (CSR0.CSTR, CSR1.CSTR)
To disable count operation of up/down counter
Set to "0"
To enable count operation of up/down counter (for start)
Set to "1"
Starting counter is depending on the count mode.
Timer mode
→ Start count by internal clock
Up/down count mode
→ Start count upon detection edge of AIN pin, BIN pin
Phase difference count mode
→ Start count upon detection of phase difference of AIN pin, BIN pin
However, it is necessary to detect the count operation enable level when the gate function of the ZIN pin is selected.
● Method to know the previous count direction (method to know the current rotation direction)
Set by the up/down flag (CSR0.UDF[1:0], CSR1.UDF[1:0]) .
Table 14.6-10 Method to Know the Previous Count Direction (Method to Know the Current
Rotation Direction)
Setting
Up/down flag (UDF[1:0])
00B
No count after a reset
01B
Down count
10B
Up count
11B
Up and down occur simultaneously (neither up nor down count)
Because this flag has no connection the interrupt, use the count direction reversal flag (CCR0.CDCF,
CCR1.CDCF) when processing the interrupt.
● Method to know direction reversal
Set by the count direction reversal flag (CCR0.CDCF, CCR1.CDCF) .
Table 14.6-11 Method to Know Direction Reversal
Setting
Count direction reversal flag (CDCF)
0
No direction reversal after flag clear
1
Direction reversal after flag clear ("1" or more)
265
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
● Method to know a match of comparison result
Set by the compare detection flag (CSR0.CMPF, CSR1.CMPF).
Table 14.6-12 Method to Know a Match of Comparison Result
Setting
Compare detection flag (CMPF)
0
No match between count value of up/down counter and compare value
1
Match between count value of up/down counter and compare value
• This flag is set to "1" when the comparison result of operation is matched regardless of the up/down
operation, setting value, and reload value.
● Method to know generation of overflow/underflow
Set by the overflow detect flag (CSR0.OVFF, CSR1.OVFF) and underflow detect flag (CSR0. UDFF,
CSR1. UDFF).
Table 14.6-13 Method to Know Generation of Overflow/Underflow
(OVFF = 1)
Up/down counter generates overflow
(UDFF = 1)
Up/down counter generates underflow
● Method to set reload value and compare value
Set the value to the reload/compare registers (RCR0, RCR1) (same value is set for compare value and
reload value).
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between the up/down counter number, interrupt level, and interrupt vector is shown in the
following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 14.6-14 Relationship Between the Up/Down Counter Number, Interrupt Level, and
Interrupt Vector
Source
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting register
Up/down counter
#25
Address : 0FFFF98H
Interrupt level register (ICR07)
Address : 000B7H
Interrupt request flag
Count direction reversal:
(CCR0.CDCF), (CCR1.CDCF)
Compare detection:
(CSR0.CMPF), (CSR1.CMPF)
Overflow:
(CSR0.OVFF), (CSR1.OVFF)
Underflow:
(CSR0.UDFF), (CSR1.UDFF)
The above interrupt request flag does not clear automatically. Write "0" to the interrupt request flag with
software before returning from the interrupt processing.
266
● Type of interrupt and selection method
The following three interrupt sources are provided:
count direction reversal, match of comparison result, overflow/underflow
The interrupt occurs with OR of the above three interrupt sources. The interrupt source is selected by the
interrupt request enable bit.
● Method to enable (select)/disable/clear interrupt
Enabling (selecting)/disabling interrupt sets using the interrupt request enable bits below:
Count direction reversal interrupt request enable bit:
(CCR0.CFIE), (CCR1.CFIE)
Compare interrupt request enable bit:
(CSR0.CITE), (CSR1.CITE)
Overflow/underflow interrupt request enable bit:
(CSR0.UDIE), (CSR1.UDIE)
Table 14.6-15 Method to Enable (Select)/Disable/Clear Interrupt
Control
Interrupt request enable bit (CFIE, CITE, UDIE)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
Clearing interrupt request sets using the interrupt request bits below:
Count direction reversal:
(CCR0.CDCF), (CCR1.CDCF)
Compare detection:
(CSR0.CMPF), (CSR1.CMPF)
Overflow:
(CSR0.OVFF), (CSR1.OVFF)
Underflow:
(CSR0.UDFF), (CSR1.UDFF)
Table 14.6-16 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
Control
Interrupt request bits (CDCF, CMPF, OVFF, UDFF)
To clear interrupt request
Write "0"
267
CHAPTER 14 8/16-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER/TIMER
268
CHAPTER 15
16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
This chapter provides an overview of the 16-bit reload
timer and its operation and explains the configuration
and functions of its registers.
15.1 Overview of 16-Bit Reload Timer
15.2 Configuration and Functions of 16-Bit Reload Timer Registers
15.3 Interrupt of 16-Bit Reload Timer
15.4 Operations of the 16-Bit Reload Timer
15.5 Program Example of 16-Bit Reload Timer
269
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
15.1
Overview of 16-Bit Reload Timer
The 16-bit reload timer has the following functions:
• Clock mode can be selected from the internal clock mode and event count mode.
• When an underflow of 16-bit timer register (TMR) occurred, the count operation can
select from the reload mode to continue its operation after the one-shot mode to stop
the operation and count setting value are reloaded.
• When an underflow of 16-bit timer register (TMR) generated, the timer can be used as
the interval timer by generating an interrupt.
■ Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload Timer
Operation modes of the 16-bit reload timer are shown below.
Table 15.1-1 Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload Timer
Clock mode
Counting
Reload mode
Internal clock mode
One-shot mode
Event count mode
(External clock mode)
16-bit reload timer operation
Software trigger operation
External trigger operation
External gate input operation
Reload mode
Software trigger operation
One-shot mode
■ Internal Clock Mode
One type of count clock can be selected among three types of internal clocks to enable the following
operations:
● Software trigger operation
Sets the TRG bits of the timer control status register (TMCSR) to "1" to start a counting operation. Trigger
input can also be enabled by the TRG bit when external trigger operation and external gate input operation
are performed.
● External trigger operation
Starts counting as soon as the selected edge (rising, falling edges, or both) is input to the TIN0 pin.
● External gate input operation
Continues counting if a signal of the selected signal level ("L" or "H") is input to the TIN0 pin.
■ Event Count Mode (External Clock Mode)
A mode in which countdown starts as soon as an edge with a valid edge selected (rising, falling, or both) is
input to the TIN0 pin. This can also be used to provide an interval timer if an external clock with constant
interval time is used.
270
■ Counter Operation Modes
● Reload mode
If countdown causes an underflow("0000H" --> "FFFFH"), the specified count value is reloaded to continue
with counting. An underflow can generate an interrupt request that can then be used to provide an interval
timer. A toggle waveform that reverses itself at every underflow is used to output from the TOT0 pin.
Count clock
Internal clock
External clock
Count clock interval
Interval time
φ / 21 (80 ns)
80 ns to 5.243 ms
φ / 23 (0.32 μs)
0.32 μs to 20.972 ms
φ / 25 (1.28 μs)
1.28 μs to 83.886 ms
φ / 23 (0.32 μs)
0.32 μs or more
Notes:
• Machine cycle (φ) = 25 MHz
Example) 25 MHz/21 = 12.5 MHz = 80 ns
• Maximum value of interval time is 0000H to FFFFH.
:
Example) φ/21(80 ns) × 65536 = 5.243 ms
● One-shot mode
If countdown generates an underflow ("0000H" → "FFFFH"), counting will stop. An underflow is
generated an interrupt. While counting is in progress, a square wave that indicates that counting is in
progress is output from the TOT0 pin.
Reference:
The 16-bit reload timer can be used to trigger A/D converter operation.
271
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
■ Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer
Figure 15.1-1 Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer
Internal data bus
TMRLR
16-bit reload register
Reload signal
TMR
Reload
control circuit
16-bit timer register (down-counter) UF
CLK
Count clock generation circuit
Machine
clock
frequency φ
3
Prescaler
Gate
input
Circuit to determine
which clock is valid
Clear
Wait signal
CLK
To A/D
converter
Output signal
generation circuit
Reversed
Pin (TIN0)
Input control
circuit
Output signal
generation circuit
Clock selector
External clock
Function
selection
3
Selection
signal
Pin (TOT0)
EN
2
OUTL
RELD
Operation
control circuit
OUTE
Timer control status register (TMCSR)
■ Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer
The pin related to the 16-bit reload timer has the TIN0 and TOT0 pins. The TIN0 pin functions as the
general-purpose I/O port (P73/TIN0) and the input pin of the 16-bit reload timer. The TOT0 pin functions
as the general-purpose I/O port (P74/TOT0) and the output pin of the 16-bit reload timer.
● Setting when using as TIN0 pin
When the TIN0 pin is used as input, P73/TIN0 pin should be set to the input port by the port direction
register (DDR7 bit3→"0").
● Setting when using as TOT0 pin
When the using TOT0 pin is used as output, be sure to set the timer control status register (TMCSR) to
output enable (OUTE bit6→"1").
272
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer
Figure 15.1-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer
Peripheral function
input (TIN0)
Port data register (PDR)
Peripheral function
output (TOT0)
Peripheral function output enable
Open drain control
signal (P73/P74)
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
Pin
PDR Write
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Stand-by control (SPL=1)
Stand-by control: Stop mode (SPL=1), Time-base timer mode (SPL=1), Watch mode (SPL=1)
273
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
15.2
Configuration and Functions of 16-Bit Reload Timer
Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers used in the 16bit reload timer.
■ Configuration of 16-bit Reload Timer Registers
Figure 15.2-1 shows the registers of the 16-bit reload timer.
Figure 15.2-1 16-bit Reload Timer Registers
bit
0000CBH
15
(-)
(-)
14
(-)
(-)
13
(-)
(-)
12
(-)
(-)
11
10
9
8
CSL1 CSL0 MOD2 MOD1
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
TMCSR
Timer control status register (upper bits)
Reading/writing
Initial value
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMCSR
0000CAH MOD0 OUTE OUTL RELD INTE UF CNTE TRG Timer control status register(lower bits)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Reading/writing
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Initial value
bit 15
0000CDH D15
14
D14
13
D13
12
D12
11
D11
10
D10
9
D09
8
D08
TMR/TMRLR
16-bit timer register/
16-bit reload register (upper bits)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Reading/writing
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Initial value
bit
7
0000CCH D07
6
D06
5
D05
4
D04
3
D03
2
D02
1
D01
0
D00
TMR/TMRLR
16-bit timer register/
16-bit reload register (lower bits)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Reading/writing
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Initial value
274
15.2.1
Timer Control Status Register (TMCSR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the timer control status
register (TMCSR).
■ Timer Control Status Register (TMCSR)
The timer control status register (TMCSR) is used to control the operation mode and interrupts of the16-bit
reload timer. If CNTE = 0, bits other than UF/CNTE/TRG are modified.
The figure below shows the bit configuration of the timer control status register (TMCSR).
Figure 15.2-2 Bit Configuration of the Timer Control Status Register (TMCSR)
bit
0000CBH
15
(-)
(-)
14
(-)
(-)
13
(-)
(-)
12
(-)
(-)
11
10
9
8
CSL1 CSL0 MOD2 MOD1
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
TMCSR
Timer control status register (upper bits)
Reading/writing
Initial value
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMCSR
0000CAH MOD0 OUTE OUTL RELD INTE UF CNTE TRG Timer control status register(lower bits)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Reading/writing
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Initial value
The functions of the bits in the timer control status register (TMCSR) are described below.
[bit11, bit10] CSL1, CSL0 (Clock selection)
These bits are used to select the clock source using the count clock selection bit.
Clock source (machine clock φ = 25 MHz)
CSL1
CSL0
0
0
φ/21 (0.08 μs) (initial value)
0
1
φ/23 (0.32 μs)
1
0
φ/25 (1.28 μs)
1
1
Event count mode
[bit9, bit8, bit7] MOD2, MOD1, MOD0
These bits set the operation mode and the input/output pin functions. With MOD2 = 0, the input pin
operates as a trigger. If an active edge is input to the input pin while count operation is in progress, the
data from the reload register is loaded into the counter. With MOD2 = 1, the timer operates in gate
counter mode and the input pin operates as a gate input. In this mode, the counter only counts when the
active level is applied to the input pin.
By combination of the MOD2 to MOD0 bits, the internal clock mode and event counter mode can be
selected from the modes listed in Table 15.2-1 and Table 15.2-2.
275
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
Table 15.2-1 Internal Clock Mode (CLS1/CLS0 = 00B, 01B, or 10B)
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
X
0
Input pin function
Trigger invalid
Active edge or level
- (Initial value)
Rising edge
Trigger input
Falling edge
Both edges
"L" level
Gate input
1
X
1
"H" level
Table 15.2-2 Event Count Mode (CLS1, CLS0 = 11B)
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
X
0
0
X
0
1
X
1
0
X
1
1
Input pin function
Trigger invalid
Active edge or level
- (Initial value)
Rising edge
Trigger input
Falling edge
Both edges
[bit6] OUTE (Output enable)
This bit is used to control output enable.
The TOT pin operates as a general-purpose port if the OUTE bit is set to "0", or as a timer output pin if
the OUTE bit is set to "1". In reload mode, the output waveform becomes a toggle waveform. In oneshot mode, the TOT pin outputs a square wave that indicates the counting is in progress.
OUTE
Function
0
General-purpose port (initial value)
1
Timer output
[bit5] OUTL (Output level)
This bit is used to specify the output level of the TOT pin. Depending on whether OUTL is set to "0" or
"1", the output pin level becomes reversed.
276
OUTL
One-shot mode (RELD = 0)
Reload mode (RELD = 1)
0
Square wave of "H"-level in counting mode
0 (Initial value)
1
Square wave of "L" level in counting mode
1
X
1
0
X
1
1
[bit4] RELD (Reload operation enable)
This bit enables reload operation. With RELD set to "1", the timer operates in reload mode. In this
mode, the timer loads the reload register data into the counter and continues counting if an underflow
occurs. With RELD set to "0", the timer operates in one-shot mode. If an underflow occurs in this
mode, counter operation stops.
RELD
Function
0
One-shot mode (initial value)
1
Reload mode
[bit3] INTE (Timer interrupt request enable)
This bit is used to enable timer interrupt requests. With INTE = 0, no interrupt request is generated even
if UF is set to "1".
INTE
Function
0
Interrupt request output prohibited (initial value)
1
Interrupt request output allowed
Note:
Please write "0" in the INTE bit, after prohibiting interrupt by setting the IL2 bit to IL0 bit of the
interrupt control register to "111B", if the reload timer underflow interrupt setting is changed from
enable (INTE bit of TMCSR registers =1) to prohibit (INTE bit of TMCSR registers =0).
[bit2] UF (Timer interrupt request flag)
This bit is used as a timer interrupt request flag. If an underflow occurs, UF is set to "1". It is cleared by
writing "0" or by μDMAC. Writing "1" has no effect. Read-modify-write instruction always reads "1".
UF
At reading
At writing
0
No counter underflow (initial value)
This bit is cleared (initial value)
1
Counter underflow generated
No change (no effect on others)
[bit1] CNTE (Timer counter enable)
This bit enables the timer counter.
CNTE
Function
0
Counter operation stopped (initial value)
1
Counter operation allowed (start trigger wait)
277
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
[bit0] TRG (Software trigger)
This bit operates as a software trigger bit. With TRG set to "1", a software trigger is applied, data from
the timer reload register is loaded into the counter and counting starts. Writing "0" has no effect. Read
operations always read "0". Only when CNTE = 1, this bit is valid irrespective of the operation mode.
TRG
278
Function
0
No change (initial value)
1
Count operation start
15.2.2
16-Bit Timer Register (TMR)/16-Bit Reload Register
(TMRLR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the 16-bit timer register
(TMR)/16-bit reload register (TMRLR).
■ 16-bit Timer Register (TMR)/16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)
The bit configuration of the 16-bit timer register (TMR)/16-bit reload register (TMRLR) is shown below.
Figure 15.2-3 Bit Configuration of the 16-bit Timer Register (TMR)/16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0000CDH D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D09 D08 TMR/TMRLR (upper bits)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Reading/writing
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Initial value
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0000CCH D07 D06 D05 D04 D03 D02 D01 D00 TMR/TMRLR (lower bits)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) Reading/writing
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Initial value
■ 16-bit Timer Register (TMR)
This register reads the counter value of the 16-bit decrement counter. If counter operation is enabled
(TMCSR: CNTE = 1) and counting starts, the value in the 16-bit reload register is loaded into this register
to start count-down. In count stop state (TMCSR: CNTE = 0), the value of this register is retained.
Note:
This register can be read during count operation, but always use a word transfer instruction (such as
"MOVW A 003AH").
The 16-bit timer register (TMR) is functionally a read-only register, though it is allocated at the same
address as the write-only 16-bit reload register (TMRLR). Thus, write operations will not affect the
TMR value, even though writing to TMRLR is performed.
279
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
■ 16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)
The 16-bit reload register sets the initial counter value while count operation is disabled (TMCSR:
CNTE=0). When the counter is started by enabling counter operation (TMCSR: CNTE=1), the count-down
will start from the value that was written to this register. The value set in this register is reloaded to the
counter in reload mode if an underflow occurs, and count-down continues. In one-shot mode, the counter
stops at "FFFFH" after an underflow occurs.
Note:
Write to this register only in counter stop mode (TMCSR: CNTE = 0), and always write by using a
word transfer instruction (such as "MOVW A 003AH").
The 16-bit reload register (TMRLR) is functionally a write-only register; however, it is allocated at the
same address as the read-only 16-bit timer register (TMR). Thus, the valid returned value in read
operations is the value of the TMR value. Read-modify-write (RMW) instructions (such as the INC or
DEC instructions) cannot be used.
280
15.3
Interrupt of 16-Bit Reload Timer
The interrupt of the 16-bit reload timer generates when underflow of the counter is
detected. The underflow interrupt of counter can activate the DMA transfer and
extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS).
■ Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer
Table 15.3-1 shows the interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the 16-bit reload timer.
Table 15.3-1 Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer
Reload timer
Underflow interrupt
Interrupt request flag
TMCSR: UF (bit2)
Interrupt request output enable bit
TMCSR: INTE (bit3)
Interrupt generation source
Underflow of 16-bit reload timer
When the value of the TMR is decremented from "0000H" to "FFFFH" during the TMR count operation, an
underflow occurs. When an underflow occurs, the underflow generation flag (UF = 1) in the timer control
status register (TMCSR) is set. When an underflow interrupt is enabled (INTE = 1), an interrupt request is
generated.
■ Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 15.3-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 15.3-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt source
16-bit free-run timer overflow, *
16-bit reload timer underflow
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
Number
Address
❍
12
#35
FFFF70H
ICR12
0000BCH
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
❍: Interrupt request flag is cleared.
* : This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.For details, see Table
4.2-2.
Note: If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt request flags.
Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, other interrupt function cannot use. The
interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to execute the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The 16-bit reload timer corresponds to the DMA transfer function and EI2OS function.
When the DMA or EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt
control register (ICR).
281
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
15.4
Operations of the 16-Bit Reload Timer
This section describes the settings of the 16-bit reload timer.
■ Settings of the 16-bit Reload Timer
● Settings for Internal Clock Mode
For interval timer operation, the settings shown in Figure 15.4-1 are required.
Figure 15.4-1 Settings of Internal Clock Mode
bit 15
-
TMCSR
14
13
12
-
-
-
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
CSL1 CSL0 MOD2 MOD1 MOD0 OUTE OUTL RELD INTE
2
UF
1
0
CNTE TRG
1
Other than "11B"
Initial counter value setting (reload value)
TMRLR
: Bit used
1 : Set to "1"
● Settings for event count mode
For event count mode operation, the settings shown in Figure 15.4-2 are required.
Figure 15.4-2 Settings of Event Counter Mode
bit 15
-
TMCSR
14
13
12
-
-
-
11
1
TMRLR
10
9
8
7
5
4
1
Initial counter value setting (reload value)
DDR9
: Bit used
1 : Set to "1"
: Set the bit corresponding to the used pin to "0"
282
6
3
CSL1 CSL0 MOD2 MOD1 MOD0 OUTE OUTL RELD INTE
2
UF
1
0
CNTE TRG
1
15.4.1
State Transitions During Count Operation
This section describes the state transitions during count operation.
■ State Transitions during Count Operation
Figure 15.4-3 State Transition during Counter Operation
STOP state CNTE=1, WAIT=1
TIN pin: Input disabled
TOT pin: General-purpose port
Counter: Retains the value at stop.
Undefined immediately after reset.
Reset
CNTE=0
CNTE=0
CNTE=1
TRG=0
WAIT state
CNTE=1, WAIT=1
TIN pin: Valid for trigger input only
TOT pin: Initial value output
Counter: Retains the value at stop.
Undefined until load immediately after
reset.
TRG=1
(Software trigger)
External trigger from TIN
CNTE=1
TRG=1
UF=1 &
RELD=0
RUN state CNTE=1, WAIT=0
TIN pin: Functions as TIN pin.
TOT pin: Functions as TOT pin.
One-shot mode
Counter: Operation
UF=1 &
RELD=1
TRG=1
Reload mode
(Software trigger)
LOAD
CNTE=1, WAIT=0
Loads the reload register value into
Load end
the counter.
: State transition by hardware
: State transition by register access
WAIT : WAIT signal (internal signal)
TRG : Software trigger bit in timer control status register (TMCSR)
CNTE : Counter enable bit in timer control status register (TMCSR)
: Underflow interrupt request flag in timer control status register (TMCSR)
UF
RELD : Reload selection bit in timer control status register (TMCSR)
283
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
15.4.2
Operations of Internal Clock Mode (Reload Mode)
The counter operates in sync with the internal count clock to count down the 16-bit
counter and generate an interrupt request to the CPU in case of counter underflow. The
counter also outputs a toggle waveform from the timer output pin.
■ Operations of Internal Clock Mode (Reload Mode)
If, with count operation enabled (TMCSR: CNTE = 1), the software trigger bit (TMCSR: TRG) or external
trigger is set to start the timer, the value in the reload register (TMRLR) is loaded into the counter, and
counter operation starts.
If both the counter enabled bit and the software trigger bit become "1" at the same time, counting will start
as soon as counter operation is enabled. If the counter value causes an underflow(0000H --> FFFFH), the
value in the 16-bit reload register (TMRLR) is loaded into the counter to continue with the counting
operation. At this time, the underflow interrupt request flag bit (UF) is set to "1", and if the interrupt request
enable bit (INTE) is set to "1", an interrupt request is generated. It outputs a toggle waveform that is
inverted at every underflow via the TOT pin.
● Software trigger operation
With the TRG bit of the timer control status register (TMCSR) set to "1", the counter is started.
Figure 15.4-4 shows the software trigger operation for a reload.
Figure 15.4-4 Count Operation in Reload Mode (Software Trigger Operation)
Count clock
Reload
data
Counter
-1
0000H Reload
data
-1
0000H Reload
data
-1
0000H Reload
data
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TRG bit
T*
TOT pin
T : Machine cycle * : The time from trigger input to loading the reload data is 1T.
284
-1
● External trigger operation
The counter is started if a valid edge (rising, falling, or both edges can be selected) is input to the TIN pin.
Figure 15.4-5 shows the external trigger operation in reload mode.
Figure 15.4-5 Count Operation in Reload Mode (External Trigger Operation)
Count clock
Counter
Reload
data
-1
0000H Reload
data
-1
0000H Reload
data
-1
0000H Reload
data
-1
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TIN pin
*
TOT pin 2T to 2.5T
T : Machine cycle
* : It takes 2T to 2.5T from external trigger input to loading reload data.
Note:
The trigger pulse width input to the TIN pin shall be 2T (T: machine cycle) or more.
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CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
● External gate input operation
Counting starts when the software trigger bit (TRG) is set to "1" while the count enable bit (CNTE) of the
timer control status register (TMCSR) is set to "1".
Counting starts when a valid level ("L" level or "H" level can be selected) of gate input specified in the
operation mode setting bits(MOD2, MOD1, and MOD0) is input to the TIN pins.
Figure 15.4-6 Count Operation in Reload Mode (External Gate Input Operation)
Internal count clock
Reload data
Counter
-1
-1
-1
0000H
Reload
data
-1
-1
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TRG bit
TIN pin
1T*
TOT pin
T : Machine cycle * : It takes 1T from trigger input to loading reload data.
Note:
The trigger pulse width input to the TIN pin shall be 2T (T: machine cycle) or more.
286
15.4.3
Internal Clock Mode (One-Shot Mode)
The counter is in synchronization with the internal count clock in this mode to count
down the 16-bit counter and generate an interrupt request to the CPU at counter
underflow. It also outputs a square wave from the TOT pin to indicate that counting is in
progress.
■ Operation of Internal Clock Mode (One-Shot Mode)
When count operation is allowed (TMCSR: CNTE=1) and the timer is started by the software trigger bit
(TMCSR: TRG) or external trigger, count operation will start. When both the count enable bit and software
trigger bit are set to "1", counting will start at the same time counting becomes enabled. If the counter value
causes an underflow (0000H --> FFFFH), the counter stops at "FFFFH", and the underflow flag bit for
interrupt requests (UF) is set to "1". If the enable bit for interrupt request (INTE) is set to "1", an interrupt
request generates.
The TOT pin outputs a square wave to indicate that counting is in progress.
● Software Trigger Operation
The counter will be started as soon as the TRG bit of the timer control status registers (TMCSR) is set to
"1". Figure 15.4-7 shows the software trigger operation in one-shot mode.
Figure 15.4-7 Count Operation in One-Shot Mode (Software Trigger Operation)
Count clock
Reload
data
Counter
0000H FFFFH
Reload
data
0000H FFFFH
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TRG bit
T*
TOT pin
Waiting for start trigger input
T : Machine cycle
* : It takes 1T from trigger input to loading reload data.
287
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
● External trigger operation
When a valid edge (leading, trailing, or both can be selected) is input to the TIN pins, the counter will be
started operation. Figure 15.4-8 shows the external trigger operation in one-shot mode.
Figure 15.4-8 Count Operation in One-Shot Mode (External Trigger Operation)
Count clock
Counter
Reload
data
-1
0000H FFFFH
Reload
data
-1
0000H FFFFH
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TIN pin
2T to 2.5T
TOT pin
Waiting for start trigger input
T: Machine cycle
* : It takes 2T to 2.5T from external trigger input to loading reload data.
Note:
The trigger pulse width input to the TIN pin shall be 2T (T: machine cycle) or more.
288
● External gate input operation
When a valid level ("H" and "L" level can be selected) is input to the TIN pin, the counter starts operation.
Figure 15.4-9 shows the gate input operation in one-shot mode.
Figure 15.4-9 Count Operation in One-Shot Mode (External Gate Input Operation)
Internal count clock
Reload data
Counter
Reload data
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TRG bit
TIN pin
1T*
TOT pin
T : Machine cycle * : It takes 1T from trigger input to loading reload data.
Note:
The trigger pulse width input to the TIN pin shall be 2T (T: machine cycle) or more.
289
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
15.4.4
Event Count Mode
In this mode, the counter counts input edges from the TIN pin to count down the 16-bit
counter and generate an interrupt request to the CPU when a counter underflow occurs.
The TOT pin can output either a toggle waveform or a square wave.
■ Event Count Mode
When count operation is allowed (TMCSR: CNTE=1) to start the counter (TMCSR: TRG=1), data from the
16-bit reload registers (TMRLR) is loaded into the counter for a countdown whenever a valid edge
(leading, trailing, or both edges can be selected) of pulses (external count clock) input to the TIN pin is
detected.
When both the count enable bit and software trigger bit are set to "1", counting will start as soon as
counting becomes enabled.
● Operation in reload mode
If the counter value has an underflow (0000H --> FFFFH), data from the 16-bit reload registers (TMRLR)
is loaded into the counter to continue counting. In this case, an interrupt request is issued when the
underflow flag bit for interrupt requests (UF) and enable bit for interrupt requests (TMCSR: INTE) are both
set to "1".
The TOT pin outputs a toggle waveform, which is reversed at every occurrence of underflow.
Figure 15.4-10 shows the counting operation in reload mode.
Figure 15.4-10 Count Operation in Reload Mode (Event Count Mode)
TIN pin
Reload
data
Counter
-1
0000H
Reload
data
-1
0000H
Reload
data
-1
0000H
Reload
data
-1
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TRG bit
T*
TOT pin
T: Machine cycle
* : It takes 1T from trigger input to loading reload data.
Note:
Both the "H" width and "L" width of clock input to the TIN pin shall be 4T (T: machine cycle) or more.
290
● Operation in one-shot mode
If the counter value causes an underflow (0000H --> FFFFH), the counter stops at FFFFH. In this case, the
underflow request flag bit (UF) is set to "1". If the interrupt request enable bit (INTE) is also set to "1", an
interrupt request is generated. The TOT pin outputs a square wave that indicates counting in progress.
Figure 15.4-11 shows the count operation in one-shot mode.
Figure 15.4-11 Count Operation in One-Shot Mode (Event Count Mode)
TIN pin
Reload
data
Counter
-1
0000H FFFFH
Reload
data
-1
0000H FFFFH
Data load signal
UF bit
CNTE bit
TRG bit
T*
TOT pin
Waiting for start trigger input
T : Machine cycle
* : It takes 1T from trigger input to loading reload data.
Note:
Both the "H" width and "L" width of clock input to the TIN pin shall be 4T (T: machine cycle) or more.
291
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
15.5
Program Example of 16-Bit Reload Timer
This section explains the program example of the 16-bit reload timer.
■ Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer
Example of setting procedure
Program example
Software trigger output pulse from TOT0, duty1/2, normal
polarity
void RT_sample(void)
{
RT_initial();
RT_start();
}
<Initial setting>
void RT_initial(void)
{
IO_TMRLR = 0xAA ;
• Setting
Set reload value
• Control reload timer 0
Set control register
Select clock source>>
Select trigger>>
Enable output>>
Select output level>>
Select operation mode>>
Disable interrupt>>
Clear interrupt flag>>
Stop count>>
Software trigger
(no processing)
Register name. bit name
TMRLR
TMCSR
.CSL1,CSL0
.MOD
.OUTE
.OUTL
.RELD
.INTE
.UF
.CNTE
.TRG
IO_TMCSR.word = 0x0050;
/* Setting value =0000_0000_0101_0000 */
/* bit15 to bit12=0000B Undefined bit */
/* bit11, bit10=00B
• Interrupt related
Interrupt level of reload timer
Set I flag
/* Insert any value for reload value */
ICR12
(CCR)
IO_ICR12.byte =0x10;
__EI();
CSL1,CSL0 internal clock φ/2 */
/* bit9 to bit7=000B
MOD software trigger */
/* bit6=1
/* bit5=0
/* bit4=1
/* bit3=0
/* bit2=0
/* bit1=0
/* bit0=0
Enable OUTE output */
OUTL external output level Low */
Enable RELD reload */
Disable INTE interrupt */
Clear UF interrupt request flag */
Stop CNTE count */
TRG software trigger */
/* Set interrupt level */
/* Enable interrupt */
}
<Start>
• Start reload timer
Register name. bit name
Start PPG
Clear interrupt flag>>
Enable interrupt>>
Enable count>>
Software trigger (start)>>
TMCSR
UF
.INTE
.CNTE
.TRG
<Interrupt>
• Interrupt processing
(Arbitrary processing)
Clear interrupt request flag
TMCSR.UF
void RT_start(void)
{
IO_TMCSR.word = 0x005B;
/* bit3=1
/* bit2=0
/* bit1=1
/* bit0=1
Enable INTE interrupt */
Clear UF interrupt request flag */
Start CNTE count */
TRG software trigger */
}
__interrupt void RT_int(void)
{
........
IO_TMCSR.bit.UF = 0;
}
/* Interrupt occurs at generation of underflow */
/* Any processing operation */
/* bit2=0 Clear UF interrupt request flag */
Interrupt vector
• Set vector table
#pragma intvect RT_int 35
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value)
are required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT"
and "CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX FAMILY
MB90980 SERIES".
292
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Method to set (rewrite) reload value
The reload value sets to the 16-bit reload register (TMRLR).
The following shows the calculation formula of the set value.
<Formula>
TMRLR register value = {Reload interval/count clock} -1
<Range that can be set>
TMRLR register value = 0H to FFFFH (65535)
● Type of count clock and selection method
The count clock can be selected by the count clock selection bits (TMCSR.CSL[1:0]) from four kinds of
clocks as shown in the following table.
Table 15.5-1 Type of Count Clock and Selection Method
Count clock
Count clock
selection bits
Example of count clock
CSL1
CSL0
At φ = 32MHz
At φ = 16MHz
At φ = 8MHz
φ/2
0
0
62.5ns
125ns
250ns
φ/8
0
1
250ns
500ns
1.0μs
φ/32
1
0
1.0μs
2.0μs
4.0μs
External event
1
1
Pulse width: 2/φmin
● Method to enable/stop count operation of reload timer
Set by the count enable bit (TMCSR.CNTE) of the timer.
Table 15.5-2 Method to Enable/Stop Count Operation of Reload Timer
Content of control
Operation enable bit (CNTE)
To stop reload timer
Set to "0"
To enable count operation of reload timer
Set to "1"
It cannot restart from the stopped state. Operation is enabled before or simultaneously starting it.
293
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
● Method to set mode (reload/one-shot) of reload timer
Set by the mode selection bit (TMCSR.RELD).
Table 15.5-3 Method to Set Mode (Reload/One-shot) of Reload Timer
Operation mode
Mode selection bit (RELD)
To set to one-shot
Set to "0"
To set to reload
Set to "1"
● Method to reverse output level
The output level is shown in the following table.
Set by the timer output level bit (TMCSR.OUTL).
Table 15.5-4 Method to Reverse Output Level
Output level
Timer output level bit (OUTL)
Reload mode, "L" level output of initial value
Set to "0"
L
Reload mode, "H" level output of initial value (Reverse)
Set to "1"
H
One-shot mode, "H" level output while counting
Set to "0"
H
One-shot mode, "L" level output while counting (Reverse)
Set to "1"
L
294
● Start method
• There are four start triggers in the internal clock mode. Set by the trigger selection bits (TMCSR.
MOD[2:0]).
Table 15.5-5 Start Triggers in the Internal Clock Mode
Trigger
Trigger setting bits (MOD[2:0])
Software trigger (set TRG bit)
Set to "000"
External trigger from TIN0 pin (rising edge)
Set to "001"
External trigger from TIN0 pin (falling edge)
Set to "010"
External trigger from TIN0 pin (both edge)
Set to "011"
• Event count mode is activated with software. The counter enable bit (CNTE) and software trigger bit
(TRG) in the timer control status register (TMCSR) are set to "1" simultaneously.
● Type of valid edge in event count mode and selection method
Set by the trigger selection bits (TMCSR.MOD[1:0]).
Three valid edges are provided.
Table 15.5-6 Type of Valid Edge in Event Count Mode and Selection Method
Valid edge
Trigger selection bits (MOD1, MOD0)
Rising edge
Set to "01"
Falling edge
Set to "10"
Both edges
Set to "11"
Setting MOD2 has no meaning regardless of the value of "0" or "1".
● Method to set TIN pin to external event input pin or external trigger input pin
"0" is written to the data direction specification bit (DDR7.P73).
Table 15.5-7 Method to Set TIN Pin to External Event Input Pin or External Trigger Input
Pin
Pin
TIN0 pin
Control bit
Port 7 direction register (DDR7)
Data direction bit (P73)
295
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
● Method to generate start trigger
• Method to generate software trigger
Set by the software trigger bit (TMCSR.TRG).
Writing "1" to the software trigger bit (TGR) generates the trigger.
To enable and start operation at the same time, set the count enable bit (TMCSR.CNTE) and software
trigger bit (TMCSR.TRG) simultaneously.
• Method to generate external trigger
When the edge specified by the trigger selection bits is input to the trigger pin corresponding to each
reload timer, the trigger occurs.
Table 15.5-8 Method to Generate Start Trigger
Timer
Trigger pin
Reload timer
TIN0
● Interrupt related register
The relationship among the reload timer number, interrupt level, and interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register is shown below.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 15.5-9 Relationship Among the Reload Timer Number, Interrupt Level, and Interrupt
Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Reload timer
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting register
#35
Address: 0FFFF70H
Interrupt control register 12 (ICR12)
Address: 000BCH
Clear the interrupt request flag (TMCSR.UF) by writing "0" to the UF bit before returning from the
interrupt processing because the flag is not cleared automatically.
296
● Method to enable interrupt
Interrupt request enabled, interrupt request flag
Enabling interrupt is set by the interrupt request enable bit (TMCSR.INTE).
Table 15.5-10 Method to Enable Interrupt
Interrupt request enable bit (INTE)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
The interrupt request is cleared by the interrupt request bit (TMCSR.UF).
Table 15.5-11 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
Interrupt request bit (UF)
To clear interrupt request
Set to "0"
Note:
Please write "0" in the INTE bit, after prohibiting interrupt by setting the IL2 to IL0 bit of the interrupt
control register to "111B", if the reload timer underflow interrupt setting is changed from enable (INTE
bit of TMCSR registers =1) to prohibit (INTE bit of TMCSR registers =0).
● Method to stop reload timer
Set by the reload timer stop bit.
Table 15.5-12 Method to Stop Reload Timer
Content of control
Operation enable bit (CNTE)
To stop reload timer
Set to "0"
297
CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
298
CHAPTER 16
8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
This chapter provides an overview and interrupt of the 8/
16-bit PPG timer and its operation and explains the
configuration and functions of its registers.
16.1 Overview of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
16.2 Configuration of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
16.3 Configuration and Functions of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer Registers
16.4 Interrupt of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
16.5 Operations of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
16.6 Program Example of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
299
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
16.1
Overview of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
The 8/16-bit PPG timer is a 6-channel reload timer module that can be used any interval
and output pulse of duty ratio.
On the hardware level, the timer consists of four 8-bit decrement counters, eight 8-bit
reload timers, two 16-bit control registers, four external pulse output pins and four
interrupt outputs. The MB90980 series has four channels that can be used for 8-bit PPG,
enabling paired operation of PPG0/PPG1 and PPG2/PPG3 for 16-bit PPG operation (2
channels).
■ Function of 8/16-bit PPG Timer
● 8-bit PPG output 4-channel independent operation mode
Provides independent PPG output operation with four channels.
● 16-bit PPG output operation mode
Provides 16-bit PPG output operation with two channels.
This is achieved by combining PPG0 + PPG1 and PPG2 + PPG3.
● 8 + 8-bit PPG output operation mode
PPG0 (PPG2) output is inputted to PPG1 (PPG3) clock, enabling an arbitrary interval to be used for 8-bit
PPG output.
● PPG output operation
Provides an arbitrary interval and duty ratio for pulse wave output.
Used in combination with an externally attached circuit for providing a D/A converter.
300
16.2
Configuration of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
This section shows the configuration of ch.0/ch.2 and ch.1/ch.3 of the 8/16-bit PPG
timer.
■ Block Diagram of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer
Figure 16.2-1 shows a block diagram of ch.0, ch.2. Figure 16.2-2 shows a block diagram of ch.1, ch.3.
Figure 16.2-1 Block Diagram of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer (ch.0/ch.2)
Peripheral clock: divide-by-16
Peripheral clock: divide-by-8
Peripheral clock: divide-by-4
PPG0/PPG2 output
allowed
Peripheral clock: divide-by-2
Peripheral clock
PPG0/PPG2
A/D converter
PPG0/PPG2
output latch
PEN0
S
R Q
IRQ
PCNT(down-counter)
ch.1/ch.3 borrow
"L"/"H" selector
Count clock
select
PUF0
Time-base counter output
Main clock: divide-by-512
PIE0
"L"/"H" select
PRLL
PRLBH
PPGC0
(operation mode control)
PRLL
"L" data bus
"H" data bus
301
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
Figure 16.2-2 Block Diagram of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer (ch.1/ch.3)
PPG1/PPG3
output enable
Peripheral clock: divide-by-16
Peripheral clock: divide-by-8
Peripheral clock: divide-by-4
Peripheral clock: divide-by-2
Peripheral clock
PPG1/PPG3
UART0
PPG1/PPG3
output latch
PEN1
S
R Q
IRQ
PCNT (down-counter)
"L"/"H" selector
Count clock
select
PUF1
Time-base counter output
Main clock: divide-by-512
PIE1
"L"/"H" select
PRLL
PRLBH
PPGC1
(operation mode control)
PRLL
"L" data bus
"H" data bus
■ Pin Related to 8/16-bit PPG Timer
Pin related to the 8/16-bit PPG timer has the PPG0/PPG1/PPG2/PPG3 pins.
These pins function as the general-purpose I/O port (P24/PPG0, P25/PPG1, P26/PPG2, P27/PPG3) and the
output pin of the PPG timer.
● Setting when using as PPG0/PPG1/PPG2/PPG3 pins
When the PPG0/PPG1/PPG2/PPG3 pins are used as output, they are set to the output pin automatically
regardless of the value of the port direction register (DDR).
302
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit PPG Timer
Figure 16.2-3 Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit PPG Timer
Peripheral function output
(PPG0 to PPG3)
Port data register (PDR)
Peripheral function output enable
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
PDR Write
Pin
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Standby control (SPL=1)
Standby control : Stop mode (SPL=1), time-base timer mode (SPL=1), watch mode (SPL=1)
303
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
16.3
Configuration and Functions of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers used in the
8/16-bit PPG timer.
■ List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers
Figure 16.3-1 shows a list of the registers for the 8/16-bit PPG timer.
Figure 16.3-1 List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers
Operation mode control register (PPGC0/PPGC2)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
00003AH
PE00 PIE0 PUF0
00003CH PEN0
R/W
R/W R/W R/W
-
bit1
-
Operation mode control register (PPGC1/PPGC3)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
00003BH
PE10 PIE1 PUF1 MD1 MD0
00003DH PEN1 R/W
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W-
bit0
Reserved
bit8
Reserved
Reload register "H" (PRLH0 to PRLH3)
Address:
00002FH bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
000031H
000033H D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D09 D08
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
000035H
304
0X000XX1B
-
Output control register (PPG01/PPG23)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
000040H
000042H PCS2 PCS1 PCS0 PCM2 PCM1 PCM0 Reserved Reserved
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reload register "L" (PRLL0 to PRLL3)
Address:
00002EH bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
000030H D07 D06 D05 D04 D03 D02 D01 D00
000032H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
000034H
R/W: Readable/writable
-:
Undefined
Initial value
0X000001B
00000000B
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
16.3.1
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the PPG0/PPG2 operation
mode control register (PPGC0/PPGC2).
■ PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC0/PPGC2)
The PPG0/PPG2 operation mode control register (PPGC0/PPGC2) is used to select the channel 0/2
operation mode, control the pin output, select the count clock, and control the trigger.
The bit configuration of the PPG0/PPG2 operation mode control register (PPGC0/PPGC2) is shown below.
Figure 16.3-2 Bit Configuration of the PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC0/PPGC2)
Operation mode control register (PPGC0/PPGC2)
Address:
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
ch.0 00003A H
PE00 PIE0 PUF0
ch.2 00003C H PEN0
R/W
R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
-:
Undefined
bit1
-
bit0
Initial value
Reserved
0X000XX1B
-
The functions of the bits in the PPG0/PPG2 operation mode control register (PPGC0/PPGC2) are described
below.
[bit7] PEN0: ppg Enable (operation enable)
This bit is used to select the PPG operation mode.
PEN0
Operation state
0
Operation stop ("L" level output is retained)
1
PPG operation enable
•
When this bit is set to "1", the PPG starts counting.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit5] PE00: ppg output Enable 00 (PPG0/PPG2 output pin enable)
This bit is used to allow/prohibit pulse output via the pulse output external pin PPG0/PPG2.
PE00
Operation state
0
General-purpose port pin (pulse output prohibited)
1
PPG0/PPG2 pulse output (pulse output allowed)
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
305
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
[bit4] PIE0:ppg Interrupt Enable (PPG interrupt enable)
This bit is used to allow or prohibit PPG interrupts.
PIE0
Operation state
0
Interrupts prohibited
1
Interrupts allowed
•
If PUF0 is changed to "1" while this bit is "1", an interrupt request generates. If this bit is "0", no
interrupts generate.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit3] PUF0: ppg Underflow Flag (PPG counter underflow)
This bit indicates the result of a PPG counter underflow detection.
PUF0
Operation state
0
No PPG counter underflow detected
1
PPG counter underflow detected
In 8-bit channel mode (PPG0/PPG1, PPG2/PPG3) and 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode, this bit is set to
"1" if an underflow occurs because the counter value for channel 0/2 changes 00H → FFH. In 16-bit PPG2
channel mode (PPG0/PPG1, PPG2/PPG3), this bit is set to "1" due to underflow if the counter value of
channel 1, 3 or channel 0, 2 changes 0000H → FFFFH. Writing "0" clears this bit to "0". Writing "1" has no
effect. Reading by read-modify-write type instructions always read "1".
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit0] reserved bit
This bit is reserved. When setting PPGC0/PPGC2, always set this bit to "1".
306
16.3.2
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC1/
PPGC3)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the PPG1/PPG3 operation
mode control register (PPGC1/PPGC3).
■ PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC1/PPGC3)
The PPG1/PPG3 operation mode control register (PPGC1/PPGC3) is used to select the channel 1/3
operation mode, control pin output, and select the count clock. It is also used for trigger control.
The bit configuration of the PPG1/PPG3 operation mode control register (PPGC1/PPGC3) is shown below.
Figure 16.3-3 Bit Configuration of the PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register (PPGC1/PPGC3)
Operation mode control register (PPGC1/PPGC3)
Address
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
ch.1 00003BH
PEN1
PE10 PIE1 PUF1 MD1 MD0
ch.3 00003DH
R/W
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W-
bit8
Reserved
Initial value
0X000001B
R/W: Readable/writable
-:
Undefined
The functions of the bits in the PPG1/PPG3 operation mode control register (PPGC1/PPGC3) are described
below.
[bit15] PEN1: ppg Enable (operation enable)
This bit is used to select the PPG operation mode.
PEN1
Operation state
0
Operation stop ("L" level output is retained)
1
PPG operation enabled
•
When this bit is set to "1", PPG count starts.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit13] PE10: ppg output Enable 10 (PPG1/PPG3 output pin enable)
This bit is used to allow or prohibit pulse output to the pulse output external pin PPG1/PPG3.
PE10
Operation state
0
General-purpose port pin (pulse output prohibited)
1
PPG1/PPG3 pulse output (pulse output allowed)
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
307
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
[bit12] PIE1: ppg Interrupt Enable (PPG interrupt enable)
This bit is used to prohibit or allow PPG interrupts.
PIE1
Operation state
0
Interrupts prohibited
1
Interrupts allowed
If PUF0 is set to "1" when this bit is "1", an interrupt request generates. When this bit is "0", no interrupts
generate.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit11] PUF1: ppg Underflow Flag (PPG counter underflow)
This bit is used to indicate the result of PPG counter underflow detection.
PUF1
Operation state
0
No PPG counter underflow detected
1
PPG counter underflow detected
In 8-bit PPG4 channel mode (PPG0/PPG1, PPG2/PPG3) and 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode, this bit is
set to "1" when an underflow occurs because the counter value of channel 1, 3 changes 00H → FFH. In 16bit PPG2 channel mode (PPG0/PPG1, PPG2/PPG3), this bit is set to "1" when an underflow occurs because
the counter value of channel 1, 3 or channel 0, 2 changes 0000H → FFFFH. Writing "0" clears this bit to
"0". Writing "1" has no effect. Reading by read-modify-write type instructions will always read "1".
308
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit10, bit9] MD1, MD0: ppg count Mode (operation mode selection)
These bits are used to select the PPG timer operation mode.
MD1
MD0
Operation mode
0
0
8-bit PPG2 channel independent mode (✕ 2)
0
1
8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG1ch
1
0
Reserved (setting prohibited)
1
1
16-bit PPG1 channel mode (✕ 2)
•
These bits are initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
Notes:
• Do not set these bits to "10B".
• To set these bits to "01B", do not set the PEN0 bit of PPGC0/PPGC2 and the PEN1 bit of PPGC1/
PPGC3 to "01B". It is recommended that the PEN0 bit and the corresponding PEN1 bit be set to
"11B" or "00B" at the same time.
• To set these bits to "11B", rewrite the contents of PPGC0/PPGC2/PPGC1/PPGC3 by word
transfer and set the PEN0/PEN1 bits to "11B" or "00B" at the same time.
[bit8] reserved bit
This bit is reserved. When setting PPGC1/PPGC3, always set this bit to "1".
309
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
16.3.3
PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers (PPG01, PPG23)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the PPG0 to PPG3 output
control registers (PPG01, PPG23).
■ PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers (PPG01, PPG23)
The bit configuration of the PPG0 to PPG3 output control registers (PPG01, PPG23) is described below.
Figure 16.3-4 Bit Configuration of the PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers (PPG01, PPG23)
Output control register (PPG01/PPG23)
Address
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
ch.0,ch.1 000040H
PCS2
PCS1 PCS0 PCM2 PCM1 PCM0 Reserved Reserved
ch.2,ch.3 000042H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
00000000B
R/W: Readable/writable
The functions of the bits in the PPG0 to PPG3 output control registers (PPG01, PPG23) are described
below.
[bit7, bit6, bit5] PCS2 to PCS0:ppg Count Select (count clock selection)
These bits are used to select the operation clock for the down counter of channels 1 and 3.
PCS2
PCS1
PCS0
Operation mode
0
0
0
Peripheral clock (40 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
0
0
1
Peripheral clock/2 (80 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
0
1
0
Peripheral clock/4 (160 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
0
1
1
Peripheral clock/8 (320 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
1
0
0
Peripheral clock/16 (640 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
1
1
1
Input clock from the time-base counter
(29 x 250 ns = 128 μs oscillation for 4 MHz)
•
These bits are initialized to "000B" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
Note:
In 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode and in 16-bit PPG mode, setting bits PCS2 to PCS0 is disabled
since the PPG of channels 1 and 3 receives the counter clock signal from channels 0 and 2.
310
[bit4, bit3, bit2] PCM2 to PCM0: ppg Count Mode (count clock selection)
These bits are used to select the operation clock for the down counter of channels 0 and 2.
PCM2
PCM1
PCM0
Operation mode
0
0
0
Peripheral clock (40 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
0
0
1
Peripheral clock/2 (80 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
0
1
0
Peripheral clock/4 (160 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
0
1
1
Peripheral clock/8 (320 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
1
0
0
Peripheral clock/16 (640 ns machine clock for 25 MHz)
1
1
1
Input clock from the time-base counter
(29 x 250 ns = 128 μs oscillation for 4 MHz)
•
These bits are initialized to "000B" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit1, bit0] reserved bits
These bits are reserved. When setting PPG01 and PPG23, always set these bits to "00B".
311
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
16.3.4
Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the reload registers (PRLL0 to
PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3).
■ Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3)
The bit configuration of the reload registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3) is shown below.
Figure 16.3-5 Bit Configuration of the Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3)
Reload register "L" (PRLL0 to PRLL3)
Address
ch.0 00002EH bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
ch.1 000030H D07 D06 D05 D04 D03 D02 D01 D00
ch.2 000032H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
ch.3 000034H
Reload register "H" (PRLH0 to PRLH3)
Address
ch.0 00002FH bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
ch.1 000031H D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D09 D08
ch.2 000033H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
ch.3 000035H
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
R/W: Readable/writable
The reload registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3, PRLH0 to PRLH3) are 8-bit registers which each store a reload
value for the down counter (PCNT). The registers have the following functions.
Register name
Function
PRLL
Stores the L-side reload value
PRLH
Stores the H-side reload value
Both registers can be read and written.
Note:
It is therefore recommended that PRLL and PRLH for channels 0/2 be set to the same value in 8-bit
prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode.
312
16.4
Interrupt of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
The interrupt of the 8/16-bit PPG timer occurs when the PPG counter underflow is
detected.
The interrupt of the PPG counter underflow cannot activate the DMA transfer and
extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS).
■ Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer
Table 16.4-1 shows the interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the 8/16-bit PPG timer.
Table 16.4-1 Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer
PPG0/PPG2 overflow interrupt
PPG1/PPG3 overflow interrupt
Interrupt request flag
PPG0:PUF0 (bit3)
PPG2:PUF0 (bit3)
ch.0
ch.2
PPG1:PUF1 (bit3)
PPG3:PUF1 (bit3)
ch.1
ch.3
Interrupt request
output enable bit
PPG0:PUE0 (bit4)
PPG2:PUE0 (bit4)
ch.0
ch.2
PPG1:PUE1 (bit4)
PPG3:PUE1 (bit4)
ch.1
ch.3
Interrupt generation
source
Overflow in PPG0/PPG2 down counter
Overflow in PPG1/PPG3 down counter
■ Interrupt of PPG Counter Underflow
● 8-bit PPG and 8 + 8-bit PPG output operation mode
• In the 8-bit PPG 4-channel independent operation mode or the 8 + 8-bit PPG output operation mode, the
interrupt can be generated independently.
• When the value of the PPG down counter is decremented from "00H" to "FFH", an underflow occurs.
When an underflow occurs, the underflow bit in the channel causing an underflow is set (PUF0 = 1,
PUF1 = 1).
● 16-bit PPG output operation mode
• In the 16-bit PPG output operation mode, when the values of the PPG0 + PPG1/PPG2 + PPG3 down
counters are decremented from "0000H" to "FFFFH", an underflow occurs. When an underflow occurs,
the underflow generation bits in the two channels are set at one time (PIF0 = 1, PIF1 = 1).
• When an underflow occurs with either of the two channels of the interrupt requests enabled (PIE0 = 0 +
PIE1 = 1, PIE0 = 1 + PIE1 = 0), an interrupt is generated.
• To prevent duplication of interrupt requests, disable either of the two channels of the underflow
interrupt enable bits (PIE0 = 0 + PIE1 = 1, PIE0 = 1 + PIE1 = 0).
• When the two channels of the underflow generation flag bits are set (PUF0 = 1, PUF1 = 1), clear the two
channels at the same time.
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CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
■ Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 16.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 16.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
PPG0/PPG1 counter borrow*
×
×
#22
FFFFA4H
PPG2/PPG3 counter borrow
×
×
#23
FFFFA0H
-
-
#24
FFFF9CH
Interrupt source
-
Interrupt vector
Number
Address
Interrupt control register
Number
Address
ICR05
0000B5H
ICR06
0000B6H
×: Interrupt request flag is not cleared.
* : This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.2-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other
interrupt function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to
execute the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The 8/16-bit PPG timer does not correspond to the DMA transfer function and EI2OS function.
314
16.5
Operations of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
The 8/16-bit PPG timer contains an 8-bit PPG unit for four channels (PPG0/PPG1,PPG2/
PPG3). Each of them can operate three types of operation modes in total, the 8-bit
prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode and 16-bit PPG mode by performing the direct connection
(PPG0 + PPG1/PPG2 + PPG3) operation in addition to the independent mode.
■ Outline of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Operation
Each 8-bit PPG unit has two 8-bit reload registers, one "L"-side and the other "H"-side register (PRLL,
PRLH).
The values in these registers are reloaded into the corresponding L/H sides of the 8-bit down counter
(PCNT) alternately and decremented at every count clock. The value of the output pin is inverted at
reloading when a count borrow occurs. This operation ensures that the output pin outputs pulses with an L/
H width that corresponds to the reload register values.
Operation start or restart are initiated by setting the corresponding bit in the register.
The relationship between the reload operation and pulse output is shown below.
Table 16.5-1 Relationship Between Reload Operation and Pulse Output
Reload operation
PRLH → PCNT
Pin output change
PPG0/PPG1[0 → 1] rising
If bit4 (PIE0) of PPGC0/PPGC2 register is set to "1" and bit12 (PIE1) of PPGC1/PPGC3 register is set to
"1", 00H → FFH counter borrow for each counter (in 16-bit PPG mode, 0000H to FFFFH counter borrow)
will cause an interrupt request.
■ Operation Mode
The 8/16-bit PPG timer has three operation modes: two-channel independent mode, 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit
PPG mode, and 16-bit PPG mode (the MB90980 series has 3 channels per mode). Two-channel
independent mode allows the two channels to be used independently as 8-bit PPGs. The PPG0 pin is
connected to the PPG output of ch.0, and the PPG1 pin is connected to the PPG output of ch.1 (PPG2,
PPG3 correspond to ch.2, ch.3).
8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode is a mode in which ch.0 (ch.2) operates as 8-bit prescaler while ch.1
(ch.3) is counted with a borrow output of ch.0 (ch.2), which allows an 8-bit PPG waveform of an arbitrary
interval to be output. The PPG0 (PPG2) pin is connected with the prescaler output of ch.0 (ch.2), and the
PPG1 pin (PPG3) is connected with the PPG output of ch.1 (ch.3).
16-bit PPG1 channel mode (the MB90980 series has 3 channels) is an operation mode in which ch.0 and
ch.1 are directly connected (direct connection between ch.2 and ch.3) to allow 16-bit PPG operation. Both
PPG 0 and PPG1 are connected with the 16-bit PPG output.
315
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
■ PPG Output Operation
For the 8/16-bit PPG timer, PPG operation of ch.0 (ch.2) is started by setting bit 7 (PEN0) of the PPGC0/
PPGC2 register to "1". Similarly, PPG operation of ch.1 (ch.3) is started by setting bit 15 (PEN1) of the
PPGC1/PPGC3 register to "1" to start counting. By subsequently setting bit 7 (PEN0) of the PPGC0/
PPGC2 or bit 15 (PEN1) of the PPGC1/PPGC3 to "0", the count operation is stopped, and the pulse output
level is fixed at "L".
In 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode, do not set ch.0 (ch.2) to stop mode and ch.1 (ch.3) to active mode.
In 16-bit PPG mode, use bit 7 (PEN0) of the PPGC0/PPGC2 register and bit 15 (PEN1) of the PPGC1/
PPGC3 register to control simultaneous start or stop of operation.
In the following, the operation for PPG output is described.
During PPG operation, a pulse wave with an arbitrary interval and duty ratio (ratio of "H"-level pulse wave
to "L"-level pulse wave) is repeatedly output. After it starts to output the pulse wave, the PPG will not stop
until operation stop is specified.
Figure 16.5-1 shows the output waveform during PPG output operation.
Figure 16.5-1 Output Waveform during PPG Output Operation
PEN
Operation start by PEN (from "L" side)
Output pin PPG
T × (L + 1)
(Start)
T × (H + 1)
L : PRLL value
H : PRLH value
T : Peripheral clock
(by PPGC clock selection)
316
■ Relationship Between Reload Value and Pulse Width
The width of the output pulse can be calculated by adding "1" to the reload register value, and multiplying
the result by the count clock interval. In other words, if the reload register value during 8-bit PPG operation
is 00H, or that in 16-bit PPG operation is 0000H, the pulse width will be equal to one interval length of the
count clock. If the reload register value during 8-bit PPG operation is FFH, the pulse width is equal to 256
intervals of the count clock, and if the reload register value during 16-bit PPG operation is FFFFH, the
pulse width is equal to 65,536 intervals of the count clock. The pulse width is expressed with the formula
below:
PL = T x (L + 1)
PH = T x (H + 1)
Where
PL : Width of L pulse
PH : Width of H pulse
T : Input clock interval
L : PRLL value
H : PRLH value
■ Selection of Count Clock
The 8/16-bit PPG timer uses the input from the peripheral clock and time-base counter as a counter clock,
allowing a selection from six types of count clock input.
Bit4 to bit2 (PCM2 to PCM0) of the PPG01/PPG23 registers are used to select the clock of ch.0 (ch.2), and
bit7 to bit5 (PCS2 to PCS0) of the PPG01/PPG23 registers are used to select the clock of ch.1 (ch.3).
The clock is selected from among the machine clock multiplied by 1/16 to "1" and the time-base counter
input.
Notes:
• In 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode and in 16-bit PPG mode, the value in bit 14 (PCS1) of the
PPGC1/PPGC3 register is invalid.
• If the input from time-base timer is used, the first count cycle after a trigger or stop event may be
out of sync. If the time-base counter is initialized while the 8/16-bit PPG timer is running, cycles
may be out of sync.
• If, in 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode, ch.0/ch.2 is in active mode and ch.1/ch.3 is in stopped
mode, the first count cycle may be out of sync when operation of ch.1 (ch.3) starts.
317
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
■ Pin Output Control of Pulses
Pulses generated by the 8/16-bit PPG timer are output from the external pins (PPG0 to PPG3). To output
pulses from an external pin, set the bit corresponding to the pin to "1". For enabling PPG0/PPG2 pin
output, bit 5 (PE00) of PPGC0/PPGC2 is used, and for enabling PPG1/PPG3 pin output, bit 13 (PE10) of
PPGC1/PPGC3 is used. If the respective bit is set to "0" (initial value), the external pin does not output
pulses, but is used as a general-purpose port.
In 16-bit PPG mode, PPG0 to PPG3 output the same waveform. For this reason, it is sufficient to enable
pin output for either of the corresponding pins to obtain the same output.
In 8-bit prescaler + 8-bit PPG mode, PPG0/PPG2 output a toggle waveform of the 8- bit prescaler, and
PPG1/PPG3 output a waveform of 8-bit PPG.
Output waveform in this mode is illustrated in Figure 16.5-2.
Figure 16.5-2 Waveform in 8-bit Prescaler + 8-bit PPG Mode Output Operation
PH0
PL0
PPG0
PPG1
PH1
PL1
The pulse width shown in Figure 16.5-2 can be expressed with the following formulas.
PL0 = T x (L0 + 1)
PH0 = T x (L0 + 1)
PL1 = T x (L0 + 1) x (L1 + 1)
PH1 = T x (L0 + 1) x (H1 + 1)
Where
L0 : PRLL value of channel 0 and PRLH value of channel 1
L1 : PRLL value of channel 1
H1 : PRLH value of channel 1
T
: Input clock cycle
PH0 : H pulse width of PPG0
PL0 : L pulse width of PPG0
PH1 : H pulse width of PPG1
PL1 : L pulse width of PPG1
Note:
Set PRLL of channel 0 and PRLH of channel 1 to the same value.
318
■ Interrupts of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer
The interrupt unit of the 8/16-bit PPG timer becomes active as soon as a counter borrow occurs after the
reload value is counted out. In 8-bit PPG2 channel mode or 8-bit prescaler/9-bit PPG mode (3 channels are
provided for MB90980 series), each borrow will cause a separate interrupt request. In 16-bit PPG mode,
however, PUG0 and PUG1 will be set at the same time when a borrow from the 16-bit counter occurs. To
unify interrupt sources, only one of either PIE0 or PIE1 is allowed. Interrupt sources are also cleared at the
same time for PUF0 and PUF1.
■ Initial Value of Hardware Components
The hardware components of the 8/16-bit PPG timer are initialized to the following values at reset.
< Registers >
< pulse output >
< interrupt request >
PPGC0
PPGC1
PPG01
PPG0
PPG1
PE00
PE10
IRQ0
IRQ1
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
0X000001B
00000001B
XXXXXX00B
"L"
"L"
PPG0 output prohibited
PPG1 output prohibited
"L"
"L"
Hardware components other than above mentioned are not initialized.
■ Write Timing to the Reload Register
It is recommended that word transfer instructions be used for writing data to the reload registers PRLL and
PRLH in modes other than 16-bit PPG mode. Writing data to the register two times by separate byte
transfer instructions may result in an unexpected output pulse width, depending on the timing.
Figure 16.5-3 shows the timing for writing to the reload register.
Figure 16.5-3 Timing Chart of Writing to the Reload Register
PPG0
A
B
A
B
C
B
C
D
C
D
(1)
In Figure 16.5-3, PRLL is changed from A to C before (1), and the PRLH value is changed from B to D
after (1). However, since the PRL values at (1) are PRLL = C and PRLH = B, the pulses for the L-side
count of C and the H-side count of B are generated only once. Similarly, to write data to the PRL of ch.0/
ch.2 and ch.1/ch.3 in the 16-bit PPG mode, use a long word transfer instruction or use a word transfer
instruction in the order ch.0 → ch.1 (ch.2 → ch.3). In this mode, data is temporarily written from ch.0/ch.2
to the PRL; when data is then written from ch.1/ch.3 to the PRL, it is actually written to the PRL of ch.0.
In modes other than 16-bit PPG mode, writing to ch.0/ch.2 and ch.1/ch.3 are performed independently.
319
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
Figure 16.5-4 shows a block diagram of the PRL write operation.
Figure 16.5-4 Block Diagram of the PRL Write Operation
Write data for PRL of ch.0
Writing from ch.0 in
a mode other than
16-bit PPG mode
Temporary latch
PRL of ch.0
320
Write data for PRL of ch.1
Transfer in sync
with writing from
ch.1 in 16-bit PPG
mode
Write data for ch.1
PRL of ch.1
16.6
Program Example of 8/16-Bit PPG Timer
This section describes the program example of the 8/16-bit PPG timer.
■ Program Example of 8/16-bit PPG Timer
Example of setting procedure
Program example
Generate interval interrupt and output PPG.
void PPG_sample(void)
{
PPG01_initial();
PPG01_start();
}
(PPG output from PPG1 pin, software trigger)
void PPG01_initial(void)
{
<Initial setting>
• Control PPG01
Register name. bit name
Set control register
Select count clock >>
Set control register
Enable pulse output >>
Enable interrupt >>
Select operation mode >>
PPG01
.PCS2 to PCS0
*1
IO_PPG01.bit.PCS = 1;
/* bit7 to bit5 = 0
*2
IO_PPGC01.word = 0x3101; /* bit15 = 0
/* bit13 = 1
/* bit12 = 1
/* bit11 = 0
/* bit10, bit9 = 00B
PPGC01
.PE10
.PIE1
.MD1, MD0
/* bit8 = 1
/* bit0 = 1
• Set duty
Set PPG01 duty
Set I flag
ICR05
(CCR)
<Start>
• Start PPG01
Register name. bit name
Enable interrupt
Start PPG01
PPGC01.PIE1
PPGC01.PEN1
<Interrupt>
Reserved bit */
Reserved bit */
*3
IO_PRL0.word = 0x7f7f;
/*
IO_ICR05.byte = 0x10;
__EI();
/* Interrupt level (arbitrary value) */
/* Enable interrupt */
Set PPG duty ratio */
}
void PPG01_start(void)
{
IO_PPGC01.bit.PIE1 = 1;
IO_PPGC01.bit.PEN1 = 1;
}
/* bit12= 1
/* bit15 = 1
Enable PIE1 interrupt request */
Start PEN1 PPG operation */
__interrupt void PPG01_int(void)
{
• Interrupt processing
Any processing
Clear interrupt request flag
Stop PPG operation */
Enable PPG1/PPG3/PPG5 pulse output */
Enable PPG interrupt */
Clear PUF1 interrupt request flag */
8-bit PPG 2ch */
PRL0
• Interrupt related
Set PPG01 interrupt level
Select PPG1 count clock */
PPGC01.PUF1
<Interrupt vector>
• Set vector table
IO_PPGC01.bit.PUF1 = 0;
/* Any processing */
/* bit11 = 0
PUF1 interrupt request flag */
}
#pragma intvect PPG01_int 22
<Other>
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value)
are required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and
"CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX FAMILY
MB90980 SERIES".
*1: io_PPG01 represents PPG1 register and PPG0 register.
*2: io_PPGC01 represents PPGC1/PPGC3 register and PPGC0/PPGC2 register.
*3: io_PRL0 represents PRLL0 register and PRLH0 register.
321
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Method to enable/stop PPG operation
Set by the PPG operation enable bit (PPGC0/PPGC2 to PPGC3: PEN0 or PEN1).
Control
PPG operation enable bit (PEN0 or PEN1)
To stop PPG operation
Set to "0"
To enable PPG operation
Set to "1"
Enable the PPG operation before the PPG is started.
● Method to set PPG operation mode
Set by the mode selection bits (PPGC0/PPGC2 to PPGC3: MD[1:0]).
● Type of count clock and selection method
ch.1, ch.3, ch.5 can select using the count clock selection bits (PPG01.PCS[2:0]/PPG23. PCS[2:0].PCS[2:0]).
ch.0, ch.2, ch.4 can select using the count clock selection bits (PPG01.PCM[2:0]/PPG23. PCM[2:0].PCM[2:0]).
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between channel, interrupt level, and interrupt vector is shown in the following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 16.6-1 Relationship Between Channel, Interrupt Level, and Interrupt Vector
Channel
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting register
PPG0
#22
Address : 0FFFFA4H
Interrupt control register 05 (ICR05)
Address : 000B5H
#23
Address : 0FFFFA0H
Interrupt control register 06 (ICR06)
Address : 000B6H
#24
Address : 0FFFF9CH
Interrupt control register 06 (ICR06)
Address : 000B6H
PPG1
PPG2
PPG3
PPG4
PPG5
Clear the interrupt request flag (PPG01/PPG23/PPG45.PUF0 or PUF1) with software before returning from
the interrupt processing because the flag is not cleared automatically (write "0" to PUF0 or PUF1 bit).
322
● Type of interrupt
One interrupt is provided. It generates with underflow of the PPG counter.
● Method to enable/disable/clear interrupt
Enabling/disabling interrupt is set by the interrupt request enable bit (PPGC0 to PPGC3: PIE0 or PIE1).
Table 16.6-2 Method to Enable/Disable Interrupt
Content of control
Interrupt request enable bit (PIE0 or PIE1)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
Clearing interrupt request is set by the interrupt request bit (PPG01/PPG23: PUF0 or PUF1).
Table 16.6-3 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
Content of control
Interrupt request bit (PUF0 or PUF1)
To clear interrupt request
Write "0"
323
CHAPTER 16 8/16-BIT PPG TIMER
324
CHAPTER 17
DTP/EXTERNAL
INTERRUPTS
This chapter provides an overview of the DTP/external
interrupt, its operation, and notes on usage and explains
the configuration and functions of its registers.
17.1 Overview of DTP/External Interrupt
17.2 Configuration and Functions of DTP/external Interrupt Registers
17.3 DTP/External Interrupt
17.4 Operations of DTP/external Interrupt
17.5 Notes on DTP/external Interrupt Usage
17.6 Program Example of DTP/External Interrupt
325
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
17.1
Overview of DTP/External Interrupt
The DTP (Data Transfer Peripheral) unit is a peripheral control section located between
the peripheral units outside the device and the F2MC-16LX CPU. It is used to receive
DMA request or interrupt requests from the external peripheral device and report such
requests to the F2MC-16LX CPU to start μDMAC, EI2OS, or interrupt handling.
■ Overview of DTP/External Interrupt
For μDMAC or EI2OS, the request level can be selected from two types, "H" and "L". For external
interrupt requests, it can be selected from four types: rising edge, falling edge, "H", and "L".
■ Block Diagram of DTP/External Interrupt
Figure 17.1-1 shows a block diagram of the DTP/external interrupt.
Figure 17.1-1 Block Diagram of DTP/External Interrupt
F2MC-16LX bus
4
4
4
8
Interrupt/DTP enable register
Gate
Source F/F
Edge detection circuit
4
Request input
Interrupt/DTP source register
Request level setting register
■ Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt
The pin related to the external interrupt has the IRQ0/IRQ1/IRQ2/IRQ3/IRQ4/IRQ5/IRQ6/IRQ7 pins and
functions as an input port. The IRQ0/IRQ1/IRQ2/IRQ3/IRQ4/IRQ5/IRQ6/IRQ7 pins function as the
general-purpose I/O port (P80/IRQ0,P81/IRQ1,P82/IRQ2,P83/IRQ3,P84/IRQ4,P85/IRQ5,P86/IRQ6,P87/
IRQ7) and external interrupt input pin.
● Setting when using as IRQ0/IRQ1/IRQ2/IRQ3/IRQ4/IRQ5/IRQ6/IRQ7 pins
When the P80/IRQ0,P81/IRQ1,P82/IRQ2,P83/IRQ3,P84/IRQ4,P85/IRQ5,P86/IRQ6,P87/IRQ7 pins are
used as an input pin, be sure to set the port direction register to the input port (DDR8: bit0 to bit7 → "0").
326
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt
Figure 17.1-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt
Peripheral function input
(IRQ0/IRQ1/IRQ2/IRQ3/IRQ4/IRQ5/IRQ6/IRQ7)
Port data register (PDR)
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
PDR Write
Pin
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Standby control (SPL=1)
Standby control : Stop mode (SPL=1), time-base timer mode (SPL=1), watch mode (SPL=1)
327
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
17.2
Configuration and Functions of DTP/external Interrupt
Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers used in the DTP/
external interrupt.
■ List of Registers for DTP/External Interrupt
Figure 17.2-1 shows a list of the registers for the DTP/external interrupt.
Figure 17.2-1 List of DTP/External Interrupt Registers
Interrupt/DTP enable register (ENIR)
bit7 bit6 bit5
Address: 00000CH EN7 EN6 EN5
R/W R/W R/W
Interrupt/DTP source register (EIRR)
bit15 bit14 bit13
Address: 00000DH ER7 ER6 ER5
R/W R/W R/W
Request level setting register (ELVR)
bit7 bit6 bit5
Address: 00000EH LB3 LA3 LB2
R/W R/W R/W
Request level setting register (ELVR)
bit15 bit14 bit13
Address: 00000FH LB7 LA7 LB6
R/W R/W R/W
bit4
EN4
R/W
Initial value
00000000B
bit2
EN2
R/W
bit1
EN1
R/W
bit0
EN0
R/W
bit12 bit11 bit10
ER4 ER3 ER2
R/W R/W R/W
bit9
ER1
R/W
bit8
ER0
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
bit2
LA1
R/W
bit1
LB0
R/W
bit0
LA0
R/W
00000000B
bit12 bit11 bit10
LA6 LB5 LA5
R/W R/W R/W
bit9
LB4
R/W
bit8
LA4
R/W
00000000B
bit4
LA2
R/W
bit3
EN3
R/W
bit3
LB1
R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
■ Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable Interrupt Request Register)
The bit configuration of the interrupt/DTP enable register (ENIR) is shown below.
Figure 17.2-2 Bit Configuration of Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR)
Interrupt/DTP enable register (ENIR)
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4
Address: 00000CH EN7 EN6 EN5 EN4
R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit3
EN3
R/W
bit2
EN2
R/W
bit1
EN1
R/W
bit0
EN0
R/W
Initial value
00000000B
R/W: Readable/writable
The interrupt/DTP enable register (ENIR) enables or disables an external interrupt/DTP request for an
external interrupt/DTP channel.
If the interrupt/DTP enable bits (ENs) of ENIR and the interrupt/DTP request flag bits (ENs) of EIRR are
all set to "1", an interrupt request for the corresponding interrupt/DTP pin is generated. Signal inputs to this
register are not interrupted during standby mode.
328
■ Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External Interrupt Request Register)
The bit configuration of the interrupt/DTP source register (EIRR) is shown below.
Figure 17.2-3 Bit Configuration of Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR)
Interrupt/DTP source register (EIRR)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
Address: 00000DH ER7 ER6 ER5 ER4 ER3 ER2
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit9
ER1
R/W
bit8
ER0
R/W
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
R/W: Readable/writable
The interrupt/DTP source register (EIRR) is set to "1" if the edge or level signal set in the detection
condition selection bits (LB, LA) of the request level setting register (ELVR) is input to the external
interrupt pin.
If the register is set to "1", an interrupt request for the corresponding interrupt/DTP channel is generated
when the interrupt/DTP request enable bits (EN) of ENIR are set to "1".
If the register is set to "0", it is cleared.
If the register is set to "1", the interrupt request status is not affected.
Notes:
• Reading by read-modify-write type instructions always reads "1". If multiple external interrupt
request outputs are enabled (ENIR: EN7 to EN0=1), only the bits for which the CPU accepts an
interrupt (bits for which "1" was set in EN7 to EN0) are cleared to "0". No other bits must be
cleared unconditionally.
• The value of DTP/external interrupt request flag bit is only valid when the corresponding DTP/
external interrupt request output enable bit (ENIR: EV) is "1". If DTP/external interrupt is not
disabled (ENZR: EN=0), DTP/external interrupt request flag bit may be set regardless of the
existence of the DTP/external interrupt source.
• Clear the corresponding DTP/external interrupt request flag bit (EIRR: ER=0) just before enabling
the DTP/external interrupt (ENIR: EN=1).
■ Request Level Setting Register (ELVR: External Level Register)
The bit configuration of the request level setting register (ELVR) is shown below.
Figure 17.2-4 Bit Configuration of Request Level Setting Register (ELVR)
Request level setting register (ELVR)
bit7 bit6 bit5
Address: 00000EH LB3 LA3 LB2
R/W R/W R/W
Request level setting register (ELVR)
bit15 bit14 bit13
Address: 00000FH LB7 LA7 LB6
R/W R/W R/W
bit4
LA2
R/W
bit3
LB1
R/W
bit2
LA1
R/W
bit1
LB0
R/W
bit0
LA0
R/W
bit12 bit11 bit10
LA6 LB5 LA5
R/W R/W R/W
bit9
LB4
R/W
bit8
LA4
R/W
Initial value
00000000B
00000000B
R/W: Readable/writable
329
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
The request level setting register (ELVR) is used to select a request detection level. Two bits are assigned
for each pin, as shown in Table 17.2-1. If the setting for a request input indicates a level, the corresponding
level will be set again when it is cleared, provided the input is active.
Table 17.2-1 ELVR Assignment (LA0 to LA7, LB0 to LB7)
330
LBx
LAx
Operation
0
0
Request by "L" level
0
1
Request by "H" level
1
0
Request by rising edge
1
1
Request by falling edge
17.3
DTP/External Interrupt
The interrupt related to the DTP/external interrupt occurs when the edge or level input
to input pin is detected.
The DTP/external interrupt can activate the DMA transfer and extended intelligent I/O
service (EI2OS).
■ DTP/External Interrupt
The interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the DTP/external interrupt is shown in the following table.
Table 17.3-1 Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of DTP/External Interrupt
External interrupt
When ISE of ICR = 0
DTP interrupt
when ISE of ICR = 1
Interrupt request flag
EIRR:ER (bit8 to bit15)
EIRR:ER (bit8 to bit15)
Interrupt request output enable bit
ENIR:EN (bit0 to bit7)
ENIR:EN (bit0 to bit7)
Interrupt generation source
Detect external interrupt
Detect external interrupt
● Setting procedure
To use the DTP/external interrupt, set each register by using the following procedure:
1. Set the interrupt request enable bit corresponding to the DTP/external interrupt channel to be used to "0"
(ENIR:EN).
2. Use the detection condition select bit corresponding to the DTP/external interrupt channel to be used to
set the edge or level to be detected (ELVR:LA/LB).
3. Set the interrupt request flag corresponding to the DTP/external interrupt channel to be used to "0"
(EIRR:ER).
4. Set the corresponding interrupt request enable bit to "1" (ENIR:EN).
Notes:
• When setting the registers for the DTP/external interrupt, the external interrupt request must be
disabled (ENIR:EN=0).
• When enabling the DTP/external interrupt (ENIR:EN=1), the corresponding DTP/external interrupt
request flag bit must be cleared in advance (EIRR:ER=0). These actions prevent the mistaken
interrupt request from occurring when setting the register.
● Selecting of DTP function or external interrupt function
Whether the DTP function or the external interrupt function is executed depends on the setting of the
EI2OS enable bit in the corresponding interrupt control register (ICR:ISE) or that of the DMA enable
register (DER:EN).
If the ISE bit is set to "1", the EI2OS sets the EN bit to "1" and the DMA transfer is enabled.
If the ISE and EN bits are set to "0", the EI2OS and DMA transfer are disabled and the external interrupt
function is executed.
331
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
Notes:
• All interrupt requests assigned to one interrupt control register have the same interrupt level (IL2
to IL0).
• If two or more interrupt requests are assigned to one interrupt control register and EI2OS is
started for any of them, other interrupt requests cannot be used.
■ DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 17.3-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 17.3-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
INT0 (IRQ0)
❍
0
#11
FFFFD0H
INT1 (IRQ1)
❍
×
#12
FFFFCCH
INT2 (IRQ2)
❍
×
#13
FFFFC8H
INT3 (IRQ3)
❍
×
#14
FFFFC4H
INT4 (IRQ4)
❍
×
#15
FFFFC0H
INT5 (IRQ5)
❍
×
#16
FFFFBCH
INT6 (IRQ6)
❍
×
#17
FFFFB8H
INT7 (IRQ7)
❍
×
#18
FFFFB4H
Interrupt source
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
Number
Address
ICR00
0000B0H
ICR01
0000B1H
ICR02
0000B2H
ICR03
0000B3H
×: Interrupt request flag is not cleared.
❍: Interrupt request flag is cleared.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt request
flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other interrupt function
cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to execute the software
polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
EI2OS function and ch.0 in the DTP/external interrupt correspond to the DMA transfer function. When the
DMA or EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt control
register (ICR).
332
17.4
Operations of DTP/external Interrupt
This section describes the operations of the DTP/external interrupt.
■ Operation of External Interrupt Unit
If, after an external interrupt request has been set, the interrupt request specified in the ELVR register is
input to the corresponding pin, this resource will generate an interrupt request signal for the interrupt
controller. Interrupts that are generated by the interrupt controller at the same time will be distinguished by
priority. The interrupt controller will generate an interrupt request to the F2MC-16LX CPU if the interrupt
from the corresponding resource has the highest priority. The F2MC-16LX CPU compares the interrupt
level mask register (ILM) in the processor status (PS) with the interrupt request level. If the request level is
found to be higher than the value expressed by the ILM bits, the hardware interrupt handling microprogram
starts immediately after the currently executed instruction is completed.
Figure 17.4-1 shows the operational flow for external interrupts.
Figure 17.4-1 External Interrupt Operation
External interrupt/DTP unit
F2MC-16LX CPU
Interrupt controller
Other
request
ELVR
Source
CMP
CMP
EIRR
ENIR
IL
ICRyy
ICRxx
ILM
INTA
The interrupt handling microprogram reads data from the interrupt vector area and generates an interrupt
acknowledge signal for the interrupt controller. After that, it transfers the jump destination address of the
macro instruction, which is obtained from the interrupt vector, to the program counter, and execution
continues with the user's interrupt handling program.
333
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
■ DTP Operation
To start μDMAC in a user program, the following initialization operations are performed: The I/O address
pointer in the μDMAC descriptor is set to the register address allocated in 000000H to 0000FFH, and the
buffer address pointer is set to the start address of the memory buffer.
The operational sequence for DTP is almost the same as that for external interrupts. At the start of
μDMAC, the corresponding read or write signal is transferred to the external peripheral device whose
address was specified, and data transfer is performed with this chip. Ensure that the external peripheral
device side is required to withdraw the interrupt request to the chip within three machine cycles after data
transfer. At the end of data transfer, the descriptor is updated, and a signal to clear the interrupt source is
generated by the interrupt controller. After receiving the signal, the DTP unit clears the flip-flop that retains
the interrupt source and waits for the next request from the pin.
Figure 17.4-2 shows the timing for withdrawing the external interrupt request at the end of DTP operation.
Figure 17.4-3 shows an example for an interface with the external peripheral device.
Figure 17.4-2 Timing for Withdrawing an External Interrupt Request at the End of DTP Operation
Interrupt source
Internal operation
↑ Rising Edge request or "H"-level request
* μDMAC for transferring
from I/O register to memory
Descriptor
selection/read
Address bus pin
Read address
Write address
Read data
Data bus pin
Read signal
Write data
(1)
Write signal
(2)
Withdrawn within 3 machine cycles
Data, address,
and bus
Internal bus
Register
External
peripheral unit
Figure 17.4-3 Example of Interface with an External Peripheral Device
IRQ
DTP
INT
Withdrawn within 3 machine
cycles after the end of transfer
MB90980 series
334
(2)
(1)
CORE
MEMORY
17.5
Notes on DTP/external Interrupt Usage
This section provides notes on using the DTP/external interrupt.
■ Conditions for External Connection of Peripheral Devices
For support by the DTP unit, external peripheral devices must be able to automatically clear a request after
successful data transfer. If a transfer request fails to be withdrawn within three machine cycles after the
transfer operation starts (interim value), the DTP unit will proceed as if a new transfer request had been
generated.
■ Procedure for DTP/External Interrupt Operation
Set the values of registers in the DTP/external interrupt as follows:
(1) Set the pin used as an external interrupt input and the general-purpose I/O port used combinedly to
the input port.
(2) Set the bits for the registers to be enabled to "disable".
(3) Set the bits of the request level setting register.
(4) Clear the bits in the source register.
(5) Set the bits for the registers to be enabled to "enable".
Steps (4) and (5) allow simultaneous writing by word-length specification.
To set the contents of DTP/external interrupt registers, first disable the registers to be enabled. Before
enabling the registers to be enabled again, clear the source register in order to avoid accidental generation
of an interrupt source in register setting of interrupt enabled state.
335
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
■ External Interrupt Request Level
•
If edge request has been selected for the request level, at least a pulse width of three machine cycles is
required for detecting edge.
•
If level setting has been selected for the request input level, note that an external request that has been
input remains active with respect to the interrupt controller even if it is later withdrawn, since the
interrupt controller contains an internal source retention circuit. To withdraw a request with respect to
the interrupt controller, the source retention circuit must be cleared.
Figure 17.5-1 Clearing the Source Retention Circuit when Setting the Request Level
Interrupt
source
Level detection
Source F/F
(source retention
circuit)
Enable gate
To interrupt
controller
Source is retained
until cleared
Figure 17.5-2 Interrupt Sources and Interrupt Requests to the Interrupt Controller when Interrupts are
Enabled
Interrupt source
"H" level
Interrupt request to
interrupt controller
Turned to inactive by clearing source F/F
336
17.6
Program Example of DTP/External Interrupt
This section describes the program example of the DTP/external interrupt.
■ Program Example of DTP/External Interrupt
Example of setting procedure
Program example
Generate external interrupt at rising edge of signal input by INT0.
void EX_INT_sample_1()
{
EX_INT0_initial();
}
<Initial setting>
Port
Select INT0 port input
•Control INT0
Select external interrupt
detection
Register name. bit name
DDR8 .P80
void EX_INT0_initial(void)
{
IO_DDR8.bit.D80= 0;
Register name. bit name
ELVR
LB7,LA7 to LB1,LA1
LB0, LA0
IO_ELVR.word= 0x0001;
Set I flag
•Interrupt related 2
INT0 interrupt source
Enable INT0 interrupt
/* Setting value:F00000001 (bit) */
/* bit7 to bit2= 000000B */
/* bit1, bit0= 01B Detect H level */
•Interrupt related 1
Set INT0 interrupt level
/* INT0 input */
ICR00
(CCR)
EIRR. ER0
ENIR. EN0
IO_ICR00 = 0x00
__EI();
/* Arbitrary value */
/*Enable interrupt */
IO_EIRR.bit.ER0= 0;
IO_ENIR.bit.EN0= 0;
/* Clear ER0 interrupt flag */
/* Enable EN0 interrupt */
}
<Interrupt>
Read conversion value
Register name. bit name
Clear interrupt request flag
EIRR. ER0
(Arbitrary processing)
__interrupt void INT0_int(void)
{
IO_EIRR.bit.ER0= 0;
}
/*
*/
/* Clear ER0 interrupt flag */
<Interrupt vector>
•Set vector table
#pragma intvect INT0_int 11
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value) are
required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and
"CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX
FAMILY MB90980 SERIES".
337
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Type of detection level and setting method
4 types of the detection level are provided ("L" level, "H" level, rising, falling).
Set by the detection level bit (ELVR. LBx,LAx) x=0 to 7.
Table 17.6-1 Type of Detection Level and Setting Method
Operation mode
Detection level bit (LBx, LAx) x=0 to 7
To detect "L" level
Set to "00B"
To detect "H" level
Set to "01B"
To detect rising
Set to "10B"
To detect falling
Set to "11B"
● Method to input IRQ pin
Set by the port 8 direction register (DDR8).
Table 17.6-2 Method to Input IRQ Pin
338
Operation
Direction bits (P80 to P87)
Setting
To input IRQ0 pin
DDR8: P80
Set to "0"
To input IRQ1 pin
DDR8: P81
Set to "0"
To input IRQ2 pin
DDR8: P82
Set to "0"
To input IRQ3 pin
DDR8: P83
Set to "0"
To input IRQ4 pin
DDR8: P84
Set to "0"
To input IRQ5 pin
DDR8: P85
Set to "0"
To input IRQ6 pin
DDR8: P86
Set to "0"
To input IRQ7 pin
DDR8: P87
Set to "0"
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between the external interrupt pin, interrupt level, and interrupt vector is shown in the
following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 17.6-3 Relationship Between External Interrupt Pin, Interrupt Level, and Interrupt
Vector
External interrupt pin
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting bit
IRQ0
#11
Address : 0FFFFD0H
Interrupt control register 00 (ICR00)
Address : 000B0H
IRQ1
#12
Address : 0FFFFCCH
Interrupt control register 00 (ICR00)
Address : 000B0H
IRQ2
#13
Address : 0FFFFC8H
Interrupt control register 01 (ICR01)
Address : 000B1H
IRQ3
#14
Address : 0FFFFC4H
Interrupt control register 01 (ICR01)
Address : 000B1H
IRQ4
#15
Address : 0FFFFC0H
Interrupt control register 02 (ICR02)
Address : 000B2H
IRQ5
#16
Address : 0FFFFBCH
Interrupt control register 02 (ICR02)
Address : 000B2H
IRQ6
#17
Address : 0FFFFB8H
Interrupt control register 03 (ICR03)
Address : 000B3H
IRQ7
#18
Address : 0FFFFB4H
Interrupt control register 03 (ICR03)
Address : 000B3H
● Type of interrupt
The interrupt source is external interrupt only. There is no bit to be selected.
● Method to enable/disable/clear interrupt
Enabling/disabling interrupt is set by the interrupt enable bit (ENIR.ENx x=0 to 7).
Table 17.6-4 Method to Enable/Disable Interrupt
Content of control
Interrupt enable bit (ENx x=0 to 7)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
Clearing interrupt request is set by the interrupt request bit (EIRR.ERx x=0 to 7).
Table 17.6-5 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
Content of control
Interrupt request bit (ERx x=0 to 7)
To clear interrupt request
Write "0"
339
CHAPTER 17 DTP/EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
340
CHAPTER 18
8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
This chapter provides an overview of the 8/10-bit A/D
converter, configuration and function of its registers,
operation, conversion data protection function, and
precautions on use.
18.1 Overview of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
18.2 Configuration of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
18.3 Configuration of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter Registers
18.4 Interrupt of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
18.5 Operations of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
18.6 Conversion Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
18.7 Precautions When Using the 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
18.8 Program Example of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
341
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.1
Overview of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
This section describes the features of the 8/10-bit A/D converter and provides its block
diagram.
■ Features of the 8/10-bit A/D Converter
The 8/10-bit A/D converter features the following functions:
•
Conversion time: Minimum of 3.68 μs per channel (92 machine cycles/machine clock at
25 MHz, with sampling time included)
•
Sampling time: Minimum of 1.92 μs per channel (48 machine cycles/machine clock at
25 MHz)
•
RC-type sequential comparison conversion system with sample and hold circuit
•
8- or 10-bit resolution can be selected.
•
Analog input by program via eight channels can be selected.
•
Single conversion mode:
Selection and conversion of a single channel
•
Scan conversion mode:
Several channels can be converted in succession.
A maximum of eight channels can be programmed.
•
Continuous conversion mode:
Conversion of the specified channels is performed
repeatedly.
•
Stop conversion mode:
Pauses after conversion of one channel is completed and stands
by until next activation is triggered. (Conversion starts can be
synchronized)
When A/D conversion ends, an interrupt request for end of A/D conversion is generated to the CPU. This
interrupt starts μDMAC, enabling the transfer of data resulting from A/D conversion to memory. The
converter is therefore suitable for continuous processing.
As the start source, either of the software, external triggers (falling edge) and timer (rising edge) can be
selected.
342
18.2
Configuration of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
This section describes the block diagram and configuration of 8/10-bit A/D converter.
■ Block Diagram of 8/10-bit A/D Converter
Figure 18.2-1 shows a block diagram of the 8/10-bit A/D converter.
Figure 18.2-1 Block Diagram of 8/10-bit A/D Converter
AVCC
AVRH
AVSS
D/A converter
Sequential
comparison register
Comparator
Data bus
AN0
AN1
AN2
AN3
AN4
AN5
AN6
AN7
Input circuit
MPX
Decoder
Sample and
hold circuit
Data registers
ADCR1,
ADCR2
Control status register 1
Control status register 2
ADTG
ADCS1,
ADCS2
Trigger start
Timer start
Timer
(PPG1 output)
φ
Operation clock
Prescaler
343
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
■ Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D Converter
The pin related to 8/10-bit A/D converter has analog input AN0/AN1/AN2/AN3/AN4/AN5/AN6/AN7 pins
and input trigger ADTG pin. The general-purpose I/O port (P60/AN0, P61/AN1, P62/AN2, P63/AN3, P64/
AN4, P65/AN5, P66/AN6, P67/AN7) functions as the analog input pin of A/D, and the general-purpose I/O
port (P93/ADTG) functions as the trigger input of A/D.
● Setting when using as AN0/AN1/AN2/AN3/AN4/AN5/AN6/AN7 pins
When using as an analog input, be sure to set the port direction register (DDR6: bit7, bit6, bit5, bit4, bit3,
bit2, bit1, bit0 → "0") and analog enable register (ADER: bit7, bit6, bit5, bit4, bit3, bit2, bit1, bit0 → "1").
● Setting when using as ADTG pin
When using as external trigger of the A/D converter, P93/ADTG pin should be set to the input port by port
direction register (DDR9: bit3 → "0").
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D Converter
Figure 18.2-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D Converter
ADER
Port data register (PDR)
Peripheral
function input
(ADTG)
Analog input
(AN0 to AN7)
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
PDR Write
Pin
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Standby control (SPL=1)
Standby control : Stop mode (SPL=1), time-base timer mode (SPL=1), watch mode (SPL=1)
344
18.3
Configuration of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter Registers
This section describes the configuration and function of the registers used in the 8/10bit A/D converter.
■ List of Registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter
Figure 18.3-1 illustrates the list of registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter.
Figure 18.3-1 List of Registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter
bit15
bit0
bit8 bit7
ADCS2
ADCR2
ADCS1
ADCR1
8 bits
8 bits
Control status register (ADCS1)
bit7 bit6
ADCS1
MD1 MD0
Address: 000046H
R/W R/W
Control status register (ADCS2)
bit15 bit14
ADCS2
BUSY INT
Address: 000047H
R/W R/W
Data register (ADCR1)
bit7
ADCR1
D7
Address: 000048H
R
bit6
D6
R
00000000B
bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
INTE PAUS STS1 STS0 STRT Reserved
R/W R/W R/W R/W
W
R/W
00000000B
bit5
D5
R
bit4
D4
R
bit3
D3
R
bit2
D2
R
Data register (ADCR2)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
ADCR2
S10 ST1 ST0 CT1 CT0
Address: 000049H
W
W
W
W
W
R
R/W:
R:
W:
Initial value
bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
ANS2 ANS1 ANS0 ANE2 ANE1 ANE0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit1
D1
R
bit0
D0
R
XXXXXXXXB
bit9
D9
R
bit8
D8
R
00000XXXB
Readable/writable
Read only
Write only
345
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.3.1
Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1)
The control status register 1 (ADCS1) controls the A/D converter and displays the status
of operation.
■ Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1)
The bit configuration of the control status register 1 (ADCS1) is illustrated below.
Figure 18.3-2 Bit Configuration of Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1)
Control status register (ADCS1)
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
ADCS1
MD1 MD0 ANS2 ANS1 ANS0 ANE2 ANE1 ANE0
Address: 000046H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
Initial value
00000000B
Readable/writable
Note:
Do not rewrite control status register 1 (ADCS1) during A/D conversion.
The function of each bit of the control status register 1 (ADCS1) is described below.
[bit7, bit6] MD1, MD0: A/D converter MoDe set (operation mode)
These bits specify the operation mode. Operation modes that can be selected are shown below.
Table 18.3-1 Operation Mode Setting
MD1, MD0
Operation mode
00B
Single mode, all ongoing operations can be restarted
01B
Single mode, ongoing operations cannot be restarted
10B
Continuous mode, ongoing operations cannot be restarted
11B
Stop mode, ongoing operations cannot be restarted
The functions of each mode are as follows:
346
•
Single mode:
A/D conversion is continuously performed from the specified channels in the
range of ANS2 to ANS0 to the specified channels in the range of ANE2 to ANE0.
Operation stops when one cycle of conversion operations ends.
•
Continuous mode:
A/D conversion is repeated from the specified channels in the range of ANS2 to
ANS0 to the specified channels in the range of ANE2 to ANE0.
•
Stop mode:
A/D conversion is performed per channel from the specified channels in the range
of ANS2 to ANS0 to the specified channels in the range of ANE2 to ANE0. After
that, operation temporarily stops. Resuming conversion is triggered by a start
source.
These bits are initialized to "00B" at reset. Each operation mode operates as follows:
•
After start of A/D conversion in continuous or stop mode, conversion will continue until operation is
stopped via the BUSY bit.
•
Operation in each operation mode is stopped by setting the BUSY bit to "0".
•
"Restart disable" in the single, continuous, and stop modes affects all start factors by timer, external
trigger, and software.
[bit5, bit4, bit3] ANS2, ANS1, ANS0: ANalog Start channel set
Set a start channel for A/D conversion using these bits.
At the startup of the A/D converter, A/D conversion starts with the channel selected by these bits.
Table 18.3-2 Start Channel Setting of A/D Conversion
•
•
ANS2
ANS1
ANS0
Start channel
0
0
0
AN0
0
0
1
AN1
0
1
0
AN2
0
1
1
AN3
1
0
0
AN4
1
0
1
AN5
1
1
0
AN6
1
1
1
AN7
During read out
•
These bits are used for reading conversion channels during A/D conversion.
•
When conversion stops in stop mode, the previous conversion channels will be read out.
These bits are initialized to "000B" at reset
The read values of these bits are updated during the start of A/D conversion, and before A/D conversion
starts, the previous conversion channel will be read even if these bits have already been set to the new
value.
347
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
[bit2, bit1, bit0] ANE2, ANE1, ANE0: ANalog End channel set
These bits specify the end channel for A/D conversion.
Table 18.3-3 End Channel Setting of A/D Conversion
ANE2
ANE1
ANE0
End channel
0
0
0
AN0
0
0
1
AN1
0
1
0
AN2
0
1
1
AN3
1
0
0
AN4
1
0
1
AN5
1
1
0
AN6
1
1
1
AN7
•
Specifying the same channels as for ANS2 to ANS0 will result in one-channel conversion (Single
conversion).
•
If continuous mode or stop mode is set, the channels specified by ANS2 to ANS0 will be set again
when conversion of the channels specified by these bits ends.
•
If ANS < ANE, conversion will start from the channel set by ANS; after conversion has been performed
up to channel 7, the setting channel will be set to channel 0, and conversion will be performed up to end
channel set by ANE.
•
These bits are initialized to "000B" at reset.
Example: Channel setting:
Operation:
Single Mode with ANS = ch.6 and ANE = ch.3
conversion channel ch.6 → ch.7 → ch.0 → ch.1 → ch.2 → ch.3
Note:
Please do not set the A/D conversion mode setting bits (MD1, MD0) and the A/D conversion end
channel selection bits (ANE2, ANE1 and ANE0) by the read-modify-write type instruction after
setting the start channel to the A/D conversion start channel selection bits (ANS2, ANS1, ANS0).
The last conversion channel is read from the ANS2, ANS1 and ANS0 bits until the A/D conversion
operating starts.
Therefore, when MD1, MD0, ANE2, ANE1 and ANE0 bits are set by the read-modify-write type
instruction after setting the start channel to ANS2, ANS1 and ANS0 bits, the value of the ANE2,
ANE1 and ANE0 bits may be overwritten.
348
18.3.2
Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2)
The control status register 2 (ADCS2) is used for A/D converter control and status
display.
■ Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2)
The bit configuration of the control status register 2 (ADCS2) is illustrated below.
Figure 18.3-3 Bit Configuration of Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2)
Control status register (ADCS2)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
ADCS2
BUSY INT INTE PAUS STS1 STS0 STRT Reserved
Address: 000047H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
W
R/W
R/W:
W:
Initial value
00000000B
Readable/writable
Write only
The function of each bit of the control status register 2 (ADCS2) is described below.
[bit15] BUSY: busy flag and stop
•
During reading: This bit indicates A/D converter operation. It is set when A/D conversion
starts and cleared when A/D conversion ends.
•
During writing: Setting this bit by writing "0" during A/D operation will forcibly stop operation.
Use this bit to force stopping in continuous mode or stop mode.
When the bit is used for operation display, it cannot be set by writing "1". RMW-instructions will
always read "1". In single mode, this bit is cleared when A/D conversion ends. In continuous and stop
mode, the bit is not cleared until operation is stopped by writing "0".
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
Note:
Do not execute forced stop and software start simultaneously. (BUSY = 0, STRT = 1)
[bit14] INT: Interrupt
This bit is a data indication bit. This bit will be set when conversion data is written to the ADCR.
Setting this bit when bit5 (INTE) is "1" generates an interrupt request. If μDMAC start is enabled, μDMAC
will be started. Writing "1" has no effect. Write "0" and use a μDMAC interrupt clear signal to clear.
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
See "■ Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection Function" in Section "18.6 Conversion
Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter".
Note:
Clear this bit by writing "0" only while A/D conversion is not being performed.
349
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
[bit13] INTE: interrupt enable
This bit is used to enable or disable interrupts at conversion end.
•
0: Interrupts prohibited
•
1: Interrupts allowed
Set this bit when using μDMAC. An interrupt request will then trigger μDMAC start.
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
See "■ Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection Function" in Section "18.6 Conversion
Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter".
[bit12] PAUS: A/D converter pause
This bit is set when A/D conversion pauses.
There is only one register for storing the results of A/D conversion. When conversion is performed
continuously, unless conversion results have to be transferred by μDMAC, or data stored previously
will be overwritten. To prevent overwriting data, the next conversion result cannot be stored before the
contents of the data register has been transferred by μDMAC, and A/D conversion will be stopped in
between. The A/D converter resumes conversion as soon as data transfer by μDMAC ends.
This register is effective only when μDMAC is used.
See "■ Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection Function" in Section "18.6 Conversion
Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter".
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
350
[bit11, bit10] STS1, STS0: start source select
These bits select A/D start sources.
Table 18.3-4 Selection of A/D Start Sources
STS1
STS0
Function
0
0
Software start
0
1
Start by an external pin trigger and by software
1
0
Start by timer and software
1
1
Start by an external pin trigger, timer, and software
In a mode for which two start sources apply, the first of the sources to occur will trigger start.
Start sources become effective from the time they are rewritten. Exercise caution when rewriting during
A/D operation.
•
When an external pin trigger is selected, a falling edge is detected.
•
When the external trigger input level is "L", A/D conversion will start as soon as this bit is rewritten
to select the external trigger start.
•
The output of PPG1 is selected at the time the timer is selected.
These bits are initialized to "00B" at reset.
Note:
When starting the A/D converter by an external trigger or an internal timer, set the input value of the
internal timer and the external trigger only in inactive state.
For setting STS1 and STS0, set in the state of ADTG=1 input and internal timer (PPG1) = 0 output.
[bit9] STRT: start
8/10-bit A/D converter is started by software.
•
Set this bit by writing "1" to start A/D conversion.
•
For restarting, write this bit again.
•
When stop mode is set, operation cannot be restarted by an operational function.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
The byte/word instructions read "1".
•
The read-modify-write type instructions read "0".
Note:
Do not execute forced stop and software start simultaneously. (BUSY = 0, STRT = 1)
[bit8] Reserved
In write operations, write "0".
351
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.3.3
Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1)
The configurations and functions of the data registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1) are
explained below.
■ Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1)
The bit configuration for the data registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1) is described below.
Figure 18.3-4 Bit Configuration of Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1)
Data register (ADCR1)
bit7
ADCR1
D7
Address: 000048H
R
bit6
D6
R
bit5
D5
R
bit4
D4
R
bit3
D3
R
bit2
D2
R
Data register (ADCR2)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
ADCR2
S10 ST1 ST0 CT1 CT0
Address: 000049H
W
W
W
W
W
R
R:
Read only
W:
Write only
bit1
D1
R
bit0
D0
R
bit9
D9
R
bit8
D8
R
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
00000XXXB
The data registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1) are registers for storing conversion results as digital values. The
upper two bits of conversion values are stored in ADCR2, and the lower eight bits are stored in ADCR1.
The values of these registers are updated at the end of each conversion. Normally, the last conversion value
is stored. The S10-bits must be rewritten if A/D operation stops before conversion ends. Rewriting after
conversion may result in an undefined ADCR data. To read ADCR registers with 10-bit mode specified,
always use a word instruction. The ADCR registers have a conversion data protection function. Refer to
Section "18.6 Conversion Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter".
Do not write data to these registers during A/D operation. When S10 bit is set to "0", conversion results
will be output in units of ten bits; when S10 bit is set to "1", conversion results will be output in units of
eight bits.
Table 18.3-5 Setting of Sampling Time and Compare Time
ST1
ST0
Sampling time setting bit
CT1
CT0
Compare time setting bit
0
0
20 machine cycles
(0.8 μs@25MHz)
0
0
44 machine cycles
(1.76 μs@25MHz)
0
1
32 machine cycles
(1.28 μs@25MHz)
0
1
66 machine cycles
(2.64 μs@25MHz)
1
0
48 machine cycles
(1.92 μs@25MHz)
1
0
88 machine cycles
(3.52 μs@25MHz)
1
1
128 machine cycles
(5.12 μs@25MHz)
1
1
176 machine cycles
(7.04 μs@25MHz)
Note:
352
Setting ST1 and ST0 = 00 or 01 during operation at 25 MHz may prevent the proper analog
voltages from being obtained.
18.4
Interrupt of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
The 8/10-bit A/D converter generates the interrupt request when the A/D conversion is
terminated, and the conversion result is stored to the A/D data register (ADCR). Also, it
can activate the DMA transfer and extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS).
■ Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter
The interrupt control bit and the interrupt source of the 8/10-bit A/D converter is shown in the following
table.
Table 18.4-1 Interrupt of A/D Conversion and Interrupt Source
Interrupt of A/D conversion
Interrupt source
Interrupt request flag
ADCS:INT (bit14)
Interrupt request output enable bit
ADCS:INTE (bit13)
Interrupt generation source
A/D conversion result is stored to A/D data register (ADCR).
■ Interrupt of A/D Converter
When A/D conversion of the analog input voltage is terminated and its results are stored in the data register
(ADCR), the interrupt request flag bit in the A/D control status register (ADCS: INT) is set to "1". Interrupt
request is generated when the interrupt request flag bit (ADCS: INT=1) is set with interrupt request output
enabled (ADCS: INTE=1).
■ Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 18.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 18.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt source
A/D converter*
❍:
*:
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
Number
Address
❍
15
#40
FFFF5CH
ICR14
0000BEH
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
Interrupt request flag is cleared.
This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.2-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other
interrupt function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to
execute the software polling processing.
353
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The interrupt of the A/D converter corresponds to the DMA transfer function and EI2OS function. When the DMA or
EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt control register
(ICR).
354
18.5
Operations of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
The 8/10-bit A/D converter operates based on a sequential comparison method and has
a 10-bit resolution.
The 8/10-bit A/D converter has only one register for storing results of conversion (10bit). Data registers (ADCR1 and ADCR2) are updated whenever one conversion
operation ends. The converter therefore does not support continuous conversion
processing. It is recommended that conversion be performed while transferring
conversion data to memory using the μDMAC function of F2MC-16LX.
This section describes the operations of the 8/10-bit A/D converter.
■ Operation Modes
● Single Mode
In this mode, analog input set by the bits ANS and ANE is sequentially converted. The converter stops
conversion operation when conversion up to the end channel set by the bit ANE is finished. If the start and
end channels are the same (ANS = ANE), one-channel conversion will be performed.
Example:
ANS = 000B, ANE = 011B
Start --> AN0 --> AN1 --> AN2 --> AN3 --> End
ANS = 010B, ANE = 010B
Start --> AN2 --> End
● Continuous Mode
In this mode, analog input set by the bits ANS and ANE is sequentially converted. The converter continues
conversion operation by returning to ANS analog input when conversion up to the end channel set by the
bit ANE is finished. One-channel conversion operation will continue if the start and end channels are the
same. (ANS = AME)
Example:
ANS = 000B, ANE = 011B
Start --> AN0 --> AN1 --> AN2 --> AN3 --> AN0 ...... --> Repeat
ANS = 010B, ANE = 010B
Start --> AN2 --> AN2 --> AN2 ...... --> Repeat
When conversion is performed in continuous mode, conversion operation will be repeated until the BUSY
bit is set by writing "0".
Set the BUSY bit to "0" to forcibly stop operation.
When operation is stopped forcibly, data before the completion of conversion will be stored in the
conversion registers.
355
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
Note:
When operation is forcibly stopped in continuous mode, conversion data retains data before
operation of forced stop.
● Stop Mode
In this mode, analog input specified by the bits ANS and ANE is sequentially converted. However,
conversion operation stops temporarily after conversion of each channel. To release the temporary stop, it
is necessary to start A/D conversion again.
Analog input of channel set by ANS will be resumed and A/D conversion will continue when conversion
up to the end channel specified by the bit ANE ends.
One-channel conversion will be performed if the start and end channels are the same. (ANS = ANE)
Example:
ANS = 000B, ANE = 011B
Start --> AN0 --> Stop --> Activate --> AN1 --> Stop --> Activate -->
--> AN2 --> Stop --> Activate --> AN3 --> Stop --> Activate --> AN0 ...... --> Repeat
ANS = 010B, ANE = 010B
Start --> AN2 --> Stop --> Activate --> AN2 --> Stop --> Activate --> AN2 ...... --> Repeat
Only A/D startup sources specified by STS1 and 0 can be used in this mode.
Operation in this mode enables synchronizing the start of multiple conversions.
356
■ Conversion Operation Using μDMAC
Figure 18.5-1 shows an example of the operational flow (in continuous mode) from start of A/D conversion
to transfer of conversion data.
Figure 18.5-1 Example of Operation Flow (in Continuous Mode) from Start of A/D Conversion to Transfer
of Conversion Data
A/D conversion start
Sample and hold
μDMAC start
Conversion
Data transfer
Interrupt processing
Conversion end
Interrupt clear
Interrupt triggered
The result of the decision operation marked by "
μDMAC.
" in the diagram is decided based on the settings of
357
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.5.1
Example of μDMAC Start in Single Mode
An example of μDMAC start in the single mode is described below.
■ Example of μDMAC Start in Single Mode
An example of start operation is based on the conditions described below:
•
Conversion finishes after conversion up to analog input (AN1 to AN3).
•
Conversion data is transferred to addresses 200H to 206H sequentially.
•
Start by software
•
The highest interrupt level is used
Setting item
Sample program
MOV ICR14,#00H
Operation
Sets highest interrupt level and enables interrupts
MOV BAPL,#00H
MOV BAPM,#02H
Address to transfer conversion data
MOV BAPH,#00H
μDMAC setting
MOV DMACS,#18H
Set DMA control status register (Transfers word data and
increments the transfer address after transfer).
MOV IOA,#48H
Stores A/D converter results in registers
MOV DCT,#03H
Set the number of transfer (three transfers)
MOVW DERL,#8000H
Setting for the μDMAC enable register (EN15)
MOV ADCS1,#0BH
Single mode, start channel AN1, end channel AN3
MOV ADCS2,#A2H
Start by software, A/D conversion start
WBTC io ADCS2:7
Determines end of A/D conversion
MOV ADCS2,#000H
Resource interrupt clear
MOVW DSRL,#0000H
μDMAC status register clear
RETI
Return from interrupt
A/D converter setting
μDMAC end sequence
ICR14:
BAPL:
BAPM:
BAPH:
ISCS:
IOA:
DCT:
358
Interrupt control register
Buffer address pointer lower
Buffer address pointer middle
Buffer address pointer higher
Status register
Address register
Data counter
Figure 18.5-2 shows an example of the operational flow for start of conversion.
Figure 18.5-2 Sample Operation Flow for μDMAC Start Operation in Single Mode
Start
AN1
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
AN2
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
AN3
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
End
Interrupt sequence
Performed in parallel
359
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.5.2
Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous Mode
An example of μDMAC start in the continuous mode is described below.
■ Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous Mode
An example of start operation is based on the conditions described below:
•
Analog input (AN3 to AN5) is converted, and two items of data for conversion are obtained from each
channel.
•
Conversion data is transferred to addresses 600H to 60CH sequentially.
•
Start by an external edge
•
The highest interrupt level is used.
Setting item
Sample program
MOV ICR14,#00H
Operation
Sets highest interrupt level and enables interrupts
MOV BAPL,#00H
MOV BAPM,#06H
Address to transfer conversion data
MOV BAPH,#00H
μDMAC setting
MOV DMACS,#18H
Set DMA control status register (Transfers word data and
increments the transfer address after transfer).
MOV IOA,#48H
Stores A/D converter results in registers
MOV DCT,#06H
Set the number of transfer (six transfers)
MOVW DERL,#8000H
Setting for the μDMAC enable register (EN15)
MOV ADCS1,#9DH
Single mode, start channel AN3, end channel AN5
MOV ADCS2,#A4H
Start by external edge, start of A/D conversion
WBTC io ADCS2:7
Determines end of A/D conversion
MOV ADCS2,#000H
Resource interrupt clear
MOVW DSRL,#0000H
μDMAC status register clear
RETI
Return from interrupt
A/D converter setting
μDMAC end sequence
ICR14:
BAPL:
BAPM:
BAPH:
ISCS:
IOA:
DCT:
360
Interrupt control register
Buffer address pointer lower
Buffer address pointer middle
Buffer address pointer higher
Status register
Address register
Data counter
Figure 18.5-3 shows a sample operation flow for start processing.
Figure 18.5-3 Sample Operation Flow for μDMAC Start Operation in Continuous Mode
Start
AN3
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
AN4
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
AN5
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
After completing
all 6 transfer sessions
Interrupt sequence
End
361
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.5.3
Example of μDMAC Start in Stop Mode
An example of μDMAC start in stop mode is described below.
■ Example of μDMAC Start in Stop Mode
An example of start operation is based on the conditions described below:
•
Analog input (AN3) is converted 12 times in preset intervals.
•
Conversion data is transferred to addresses 600H to 618H sequentially.
•
Start by an external edge
•
Interrupts have the highest interrupt level
Setting item
Sample program
MOV ICR14,#00H
Operation
Sets highest interrupt level and enables interrupts
MOV BAPL,#00H
MOV BAPM,#06H
Address to transfer conversion data
MOV BAPH,#00H
μDMAC setting
MOV DMACS,#18H
Set DMA control status register (Transfers word data and
increments the transfer address after transfer).
MOV IOA,#48H
Stores A/D converter results in registers
MOV DCT,#0CH
Set the number of transfer (twelve transfers)
MOVW DERL,#8000H
Setting for the μDMAC enable register (EN15)
MOV ADCS1,#DBH
Continuous mode, start channel AN3, end channel AN3 (onechannel conversion)
MOV ADCS2,#A4H
Start by external edge, start of A/D conversion
WBTC io ADCS2:7
Determines end of A/D conversion
MOV ADCS2,#000H
Resource interrupt clear
MOVW DSRL,#0000H
μDMAC status register clear
RETI
Return from interrupt
A/D converter setting
μDMAC end sequence
ICR14:
BAPL:
BAPM:
BAPH:
ISCS:
IOA:
DCT:
362
Interrupt control register
Buffer address pointer lower
Buffer address pointer middle
Buffer address pointer higher
Status register
Address register
Data counter
Figure 18.5-4 shows a sample operation flow for the start operation.
Figure 18.5-4 Sample Operation Flow of μDMAC Start Operation in Stop Mode
Start
AN3
Stop
Start by external edge
Interrupt → μDMAC transfer
After completing
all 12 transfer sessions
Interrupt sequence
End
363
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.6
Conversion Data Protection Function of 8/10-Bit A/D
Converter
This 8/10-bit A/D converter has a conversion data protection function to enable
continuous conversion and saving of multiple data items by μDMAC.
■ Conversion Data Protection Function
The 8/10-bit A/D converter has only a single conversion data register. In continuous A/D conversion,
conversion data is lost when the next conversion operation ends and its result is stored in the register. To
prevent this, the A/D converter temporarily stops A/D conversion without storing a conversion result to the
register in cases when a conversion has been completed, but the result of the previous conversion has not
been transferred yet to memory via μDMAC.
The temporary stop is canceled after the conversion data has been transferred to memory by μDMAC.
Provided conversion data is transferred normally, A/D conversion continuously performs without pausing.
■ Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection Function
This function corresponds to the INT and INTE bits of ADCS2 register.
The conversion data protection function operates only in the interrupt enabled state (INTE = 1).
In interrupt disabled state (INTE = 0), this function does not operate. In continuous A/D conversion,
conversion results will be stored to the register in succession and older results are lost. If μDMAC is not
used in the interrupt enabled state (INTE = 1), the INT bit will not be cleared and the data protection
function becomes effective, stopping the operation of the 8/10-bit A/D converter temporarily. Clear the
INT bit by the interrupt sequence in this case to cancel the stop.
When interrupts are disabled during DMA operation while A/D conversion is temporarily stopped, data in
the conversion data registers will sometimes change before A/D conversion starts and data is transferred.
Data that was stored during the stop will be lost if data conversion is restarted during operation stop.
364
■ Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection Function (when μDMAC is Used)
Figure 18.6-1 shows the operation flow of the conversion data protection function.
Figure 18.6-1 Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection Function (when μDMAC is Used)
μDMAC setting
The operation flow for the case in which
the A/D converter is not running is omitted.
Start of continuous A/D conversion
First conversion finished
*: Conversion data will be lost if conversion
is restarted during a temporary stop.
Store the result in the data register
μDMAC start
Second conversion finished
End of μDMAC
NO
YES
Store the result in the data register
Third conversion finished
A/D converter pause*
YES
μDMAC ends
NO
μDMAC starts
Continued
All conversions finished
μDMAC starts
Interrupt routine
End
A/D converter stop
365
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
18.7
Precautions When Using the 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
This section explains precautions required when the 8/10-bit A/D converter is used.
■ Precautions when Starting by External Trigger/Internal Timer
To start the A/D converter by an external trigger or the internal timer, specify the input values of the
external trigger and internal timer only in the inactive state.
When STS1 and STS0 are set, perform conversion with ADTG = 1 input and internal timer (PPG1) = 0
output.
■ Handling of Analog Input Pins
Be sure to set the ADER bits corresponding to the pins used in analog input to "1".
Figure 18.7-1 Handling of Analog Input Pins
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
Address: 00001FH ADE7 ADE6 ADE5 ADE4 ADE3 ADE2 ADE1 ADE0 11111111B
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
Readable/writable
The settings for pin control of the pins of port 6 are as follows:
•
0: Port input/output mode
•
1: Analog input mode
At reset, "1" will be set.
366
18.8
Program Example of 8/10-Bit A/D Converter
This section describes the program example of the 8/10-bit A/D converter.
■ Program Example of 8/10-bit A/D Converter
Example of setting procedure
Program example
An example that A/D-converts the level input by AN0 (single conversion,
software trigger) is shown below.
void AD_sample()
{
AD0_INITIAL();
AD0_ch0_start();
}
<Initial setting>
void AD0_INITIAL(void)
{
IO_DDR6.bit.D60 = 0;
IO_ADER.bit.ADE0 = 1;
•Enable AN0 input
Set port input
Enable A/D input of AN0
•A/D0 conversion time
Set conversion time
Set sampling time>>
Set compare time>>
Register name. bit name
DDR6. P60
ADER.ADE0
ADCR2
.ST1, ST0
.CT1, CT0
•Control A/D0
Register name. bit name
Control status register 1
ADCS1
.MD1, MD0
.ANS2 to ANS0
.ANE2 to ANE0
Select operation mode>>
Set start channel>>
Set end channel>>
Control status register 2
Clear interrupt request flag>>
Disable interrupt>>
Select start trigger>>
ADCS2
.BUSY
.INT
.INTE
.PAUS
.STS1, STS0
.STRT
.Reserved bit
IO_ADCR2.byte = 0x70;
/* Value is recommended value */
/* 11 */
/* 10 */
IO_ADCS1.byte= 0x00;
/* Setting value : 00000000 (bit) */
/* bit7, bit6=00: single mode */
/* bit5 to bit3=000: AN0 */
/* bit2 to bit0=000: AN0 */
IO_ADCS2.byte= 0x00;
/*Setting value : 00000000 (bit) */
/* bit15=0: (no effect) */
/* bit14=0: Clear interrupt request */
/* bit13=0: Disable interrupt */
/* bit12=0: */
/* bit11, bit10=00: Software trigger */
/* bit9=0: */
/* bit8=0: "0" Write */
IO_ICR14.byte= 0x00;
__EI();
/* Arbitrary value */
/* Enable interrupt */
•Interrupt related
Set A/D interrupt level
Set I flag
ICR14
(CCR)
/* DDR6 AN0(P60) input */
/* AN0 only, A/D input */
}
<Start A/D>
•Start AN0
Enable A/D0 interrupt
Register name. bit name
Start A/D0 software
ADCS2
.STRT
ADCS2
.INT
.INTE
void AD0_ch0_start(void)
{
IO_ADCS2.byte= 0x20;
/* bit14=0: Clear AD0 interrupt flag */
/* bit13=1: Enable AD0 interrupt */
IO_ADCS2.byte= 0xA2;
/* bit9=1: Start software */
}
(Continued)
367
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
(Continued)
<Interrupt>
•Read conversion value
Disable interrupt, clear interrupt
request flag
Register name. bit name
__interrupt void AD0_ch0_int(void)
{
ADCS2
.INT
.INTE
Read conversion value
ADCR1- 2
Enable interrupt
ADCS2
.INTE
IO_ADCS2.bit.INT = 0;
IO_ADCS2.bit.INTE = 0;
/*
*/
/* Bit14=0: Clear AD0 interrupt flag */
/* Bit13=0: Disable AD0 interrupt */
[Any storage location] = IO_ADCR1-2;
IO_ADCS2.bit.INTE = 1;
/* Store conversion value */
/* Bit13=1: Enable AD0 interrupt */
}
<Interrupt vector>
• Set vector table
#pragma intvect AD0_ch0_int 40
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of _set_il (numeric value) are required
in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and "CHAPTER 6
CLOCKS".
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC16LX FAMILY MB90980 SERIES".
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Type of conversion mode and setting method
The following three conversion modes are available.
• Single conversion mode to convert once and terminate
• Continuous conversion mode to convert specified channels
• Stop mode to temporarily stop after specified channels are converted
The conversion mode is set by the conversion mode selection bits (ADCS1. MD[1:0]).
Table 18.8-1 Type of Conversion Mode and Setting Method
Operation mode
Conversion mode selection bits (MD[1:0])
To set to single conversion mode
Set to "00B", "01B"
To set to continuous conversion mode
Set to "10B"
To set to stop mode
Set to "11B"
● Method to specify bit length
Set by the number of storage bits of conversion result (ADCR.S10).
Table 18.8-2 Method to Specify Bit Length
Operation mode
Number of storage bits of conversion result
(S10)
To store to ADCR1, 2 register with 10-bit
Set to "0"
To store to ADCR1, 2 register with 8-bit
Set to "1"
● Method to select channel
Channel to start the conversion is set by the A/D conversion start channel bits (ADCS1.ANS[2:0]).
Channel to end the conversion is set by the A/D conversion end channel bits (ADCS1.ANE[2:0]).
368
● Method to enable analog pin input
Set by the analog input enable register (ADER)
Table 18.8-3 Method to Enable Analog Pin Input
Operation
Control bit
Setting
To input AN0 pin
(ADER.ADE0)
Set to "1"
To input AN1 pin
(ADER.ADE1)
Set to "1"
To input AN2 pin
(ADER.ADE2)
Set to "1"
To input AN3 pin
(ADER.ADE3)
Set to "1"
To input AN4 pin
(ADER.ADE4)
Set to "1"
To input AN5 pin
(ADER.ADE5)
Set to "1"
To input AN6 pin
(ADER.ADE6)
Set to "1"
To input AN7 pin
(ADER.ADE7)
Set to "1"
● Method to select start of A/D converter
The following three start triggers are provided.
• Software trigger
• Rising signal of reload timer
• Falling signal of external trigger input
The start trigger is set by the start source select bits (ADCS2.STS[1:0]).
Table 18.8-4 Method to Select Start of A/D Converter
A/D start source
Start source select bits
(STS[1:0])
To specify software trigger
Set to "00B"
To specify external trigger/software trigger
Set to "01B"
To specify reload timer/software trigger
Set to "10B"
To specify external trigger/reload timer/software trigger
Set to "11B"
The A/D converter starts with first source among the selected sources.
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CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
● Method to start A/D converter
• Method to generate software trigger
The software trigger is set by the A/D conversion software trigger bit (ADCS2:STRT).
Table 18.8-5 Method to Generate Software Trigger
Operation
A/D conversion software trigger bit (STRT)
To generate software trigger
Write "1"
• Method to start by reload timer 0, reload timer 1
It is necessary to set and start the reload timer. For details, see "CHAPTER 15 16-BIT RELOAD
TIMER".
The start trigger occurs due to underflow of the reload timer when output signal of the reload timer is
set to rising edge.
• Method to start by external trigger
The external trigger is set by the external trigger input pin (ADTG). The external trigger input pin is set
by the data direction bit (DDR9.P93).
Table 18.8-6 Method to Start by External Trigger
Operation
Setting
To set ADTG pin to trigger input
Set bit in data direction register (DDR9:P93) to "0".
● Method to confirm termination of conversion
There are two methods to confirm the termination of conversion.
• Method to confirm using A/D conversion end interrupt request bit (ADCS2.INT).
Table 18.8-7 Method to Confirm Using A/D Conversion End Interrupt Request Bit
(INT)
Meaning
Read value is "0"
No interrupt request upon termination of A/D conversion
Read value is "1"
Interrupt request upon termination of A/D conversion
• Method to confirm using operation confirmation bit (ADCS2.BUSY)
Table 18.8-8 Method to Confirm Using Operation Confirmation Bit
370
(BUSY)
Setting
Read value is "0"
A/D conversion is terminated (stopping).
Read value is "1"
A/D conversion is in progress.
● Method to read conversion value
The conversion value can be read by the data registers (ADCR1, ADCR2).
● Method to stop A/D conversion operation forcibly
Set by the forced stop bit (ADCS2:BUSY).
Table 18.8-9 Method to Stop A/D Conversion Operation Forcibly
Operation
Forced stop bit (BUSY)
To stop A/D conversion operation forcibly
Write "0"
Writing "1" to forced stop bit (BUSY) does not affect the A/D operation.
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between the interrupt level and interrupt vector is shown in the following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 18.8-10 Relationship Between Interrupt Level and Interrupt Vector
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting bit
#40
Address: 0FFFF5CH
Interrupt control register 14 (ICR14)
Address: 000BEH
● Type of interrupt
The interrupt source is used only when the A/D conversion is ended. There is no bit to be selected.
● Method to enable/disable/clear interrupt
Enabling interrupt is set by the interrupt request enable bit (ADCS2:INTE).
Table 18.8-11 Method to Enable/Disable Interrupt
Content of control
Interrupt request enable bit (INTE)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
Clearing interrupt request is set by the interrupt request bit (ADCS2:INT).
Table 18.8-12 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
Content of control
Interrupt request bit (INT)
To clear interrupt request
Write "0" or start A/D.
371
CHAPTER 18 8/10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
372
CHAPTER 19
EXPANDED I/O SERIAL
INTERFACE
This chapter provides an overview, configuration,
interrupt, and operation of the expanded I/O serial
interface and explains the configuration and functions of
its registers.
19.1 Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
19.2 Configuration of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
19.3 Configuration and Functions of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Registerss
19.4 Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
19.5 Operation of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
19.6 Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
19.1
Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The expanded I/O serial interface is a serial I/O interface with an 8-bit/1-channel
configuration that is used to transfer data by clock synchronization. For data transfer,
LSB first or MSB first can be selected.
■ Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The expanded I/O serial interface has the following two operation modes:
374
•
Internal shift clock mode:
This mode transfers data by synchronization with the internal clock.
•
External shift clock mode:
This mode transfers data by synchronization with a clock that is supplied
via an external pin (SCK). Data can also be transferred with instruction of
CPU in this mode by using a general-purpose port that shares the external
pin (SCK).
19.2
Configuration of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The expanded I/O serial interface consists of the serial mode control status register and
serial data register.
■ Block Diagram of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Figure 19.2-1 shows a block diagram of the expanded I/O serial interface.
Figure 19.2-1 Block Diagram of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Internal data bus
Initial value
D7 to D0 (LSB First)
(MSB First) D0 to D7
Select transfer direction
SIN1, SIN2
Read
Write
SDR (Serial data register)
SOT1, SOT2
SCK1, SCK2
Control circuit
Shift clock counter
Internal clock
2
1
0
SMD2 SMD1 SMD0 SIE
SIR BUSY STOP STRT MODE BDS SOE SCOE
Interrupt
request
Internal data bus
■ Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The pin related to the expanded I/O serial interface has 2ch of SIN1/SOT1/SCK1, SIN2/SOT2/SCK2 pins.
The SIN1/SIN2 pins function as the serial input port, the SOT1/SOT2 pins the serial output port, and the
SCK1/SCK2 pins the external clock input port. The SIN1, SCK1, SIN2, SCK2 pins function as the generalpurpose I/O port (P90/SIN1, P92/SCK1, P40/SIN2, P42/SCK2) and the input pin of the expanded I/O serial
interface, and the SOT1, SOT2 pins function as the general-purpose I/O port (P91/SOT1, P41/SOT2) and
the output pin of the expanded I/O serial interface.
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
● Setting when using as SIN1/SCK1/SIN2/SCK2 pins
When the SIN1/SCK1/SIN2/SCK2 pins are used as input by the expanded I/O serial interface, P90/SIN1,
P92/SCK1, P40/SIN2, P42/SCK2 pins should be set to the input port by the port direction register (DDR9
bit0, bit2→0 DDR4 bit0, bit2→0).
● Setting when using as SOT1/SOT2 pins
When the SOT1/SOT2 pins are used as the data output pin by the expanded I/O serial interface, be sure to
set the serial mode control status registers 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1) to enable serial output (SOE bit1→1).
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Figure 19.2-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Peripheral function
input (SIN0/SCK0)
Port data register (PDR)
Peripheral function
output (SOT1/SOT2)
Peripheral function output enable
Open drain control signal
(only P40/P41/P42)
PDR Read
Internal data bus
Output latch
P-ch
Pin
PDR Write
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Stand-by control (SPL=1)
Stand-by control: Stop mode (SPL=1), Time-base timer mode (SPL=1), Watch mode (SPL=1)
376
19.3
Configuration and Functions of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers used by the
expanded I/O serial interface.
■ List of Registers for Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Figure 19.3-1 shows a list of the registers used by the expanded I/O serial interface.
Figure 19.3-1 List of Registers for the Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
ch.0 Address : 000027H SMD2 SMD1 SMD0 SIE
SIR BUSY
ch.1
00002BH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W *1 R
Serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
SMCS0/SMCS1
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
ch.0 Address : 000026H MODE BDS
ch.1
00002AH
R/W R/W
Serial data register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1)
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
SDR0/SDR1
ch.0 Address : 000028H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
ch.1
00002CH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Communication prescaler control register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1)
SDCR0/SDCR1
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
ch.0 Address : 000029H
MD
DIV3 DIV2
ch.1
00002DH
R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
R: Read only
-:
Undefined
*1: Only "0" can be written.
*2: Only "1" can be written. Reading always returns "0".
bit9
bit8
STOP STRT
R/W
R/W *2
bit1
bit0
SOE SCOE
R/W
R/W
bit1
D1
R/W
bit0
D0
R/W
bit1 bit0
DIV1 DIV0
R/W R/W
Initial value
00000010B
----0000B
XXXXXXXXB
(Undefined)
0---0000B
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
19.3.1
Serial Mode Control Status Register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the serial mode control status
register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1).
■ Serial Mode Control Status Register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
The serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1) controls the data transfer mode of serial I/O
operations.
The bit configuration of the serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1) is illustrated below.
Figure 19.3-2 Serial Mode Control Status Register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
Serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
ch.0 Address : 000027H SMD2 SMD1 SMD0 SIE
SIR BUSY
ch.1
00002BH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W *1 R
Serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1)
SMCS0/SMCS1
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
ch.0 Address : 000026H MODE BDS
ch.1
00002AH
R/W R/W
bit9
bit8
STOP STRT
R/W
R/W *2
bit1
bit0
SOE SCOE
R/W
Initial value
00000010B
----0000B
R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
*1:
*2:
Only "0" can be written.
Only "1" can be written. Reading always returns "0."
The functions of the bits of the serial mode control status register 0/1 (SMCS0/SMCS1) are described
below.
[bit15, bit14, bit13] SMD2, SMD1 and SMD0: Serial Shift Clock Mode (Shift clock select)
These bits select the serial shift clock mode. Table 19.3-1 shows the settings for the serial shift clock mode.
Table 19.3-1 Settings of Serial Shift Clock Mode
SMD2 SMD1 SMD0
φ=16MHz φ=16MHz φ=8MHz φ=4MHz Division
div=8
div=8
div=4
div=4
value
(Machine clock)
Div
MD DIV3 DIV2 D1IV D1IV
Recommended
machine clock cycle
0
0
0
1.56MHz
1MHz
1MHz
500kHz
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
2MHz
0
0
1
781.3kHz
500kHz
500kHz
250kHz
4
2
1
0
0
0
1
4MHz
0
1
0
195.3kHz
125kHz
125kHz
62.5kHz
16
3
1
0
0
1
0
6MHz
0
1
1
97.7kHz
62.5kHz
62.5kHz
31.2kHz
32
4
1
0
0
1
1
8MHz
48.8kHz
31.2kHz
31.2kHz
15.6kHz
64
1
0
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
10MHz
1
0
1
External shift clock mode
6
1
0
1
0
1
12MHz
1
1
0
Reserved
7
1
0
1
1
0
14MHz
1
1
1
Reserved
8
1
0
1
1
1
16MHz or above
378
At reset, the settings will be initialized to "000B". These bits cannot be rewritten while data transfer is in
progress.
The shift clock can be selected from among five internal shift clocks and one external shift clock. The
combinations of SMD2, SMD1, SMD0 = "110B" and "111B" are reserved and must not be set.
Shifting can also be performed for individual instructions by setting SCOE = 0 to select the clock and
using a port that shares the pins SCK1 and SCK2.
[bit12] SIE: Serial I/O Interrupt Enable (Serial I/O interrupt enable)
This bit controls serial I/O interrupt requests as shown below.
SIE
Operation
0
Serial I/O interrupts prohibited (initial value)
1
Serial I/O interrupts allowed
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
This bit can be read and written.
[bit11] SIR: Serial I/O Interrupt Request Flag (Serial I/O interrupt request)
This bit is set to "1" when serial data transfer ends. When this bit becomes "1" in the interrupt enabled
state (SIE = 1), an interrupt request to the CPU will be generated. The condition for clearing this bit
depends on the setting of the MODE bit:
•
Cleared by setting the SIR bit to "0" in a write operation when the MODE bit is "0".
•
Cleared by reading or by writing to the SDR when the MODE bit is "1".
•
Cleared by reset or by writing "1" for the STOP bit regardless of the value of the MODE bit.
•
Writing "1" for this bit has no effect.
•
Reading by read-modify-write instructions always read "1".
[bit10] BUSY (transfer status display)
This bit indicates whether serial transfer is currently being executed.
BUSY
Operation
0
Operation is stopped or the serial data register is in the Read/Write wait state (initial value).
1
Serial transfer takes place.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
This bit can only be read.
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
[bit9] STOP (Stop bit)
This bit is used to forcibly interrupt serial transfer. Setting this bit to "1" will result in operation stop.
STOP
Operation
0
Normal operation
1
Stop of transfer because of STOP = 1. (initial value)
•
This bit is initialized to "1" at reset.
•
This bit can be read and written.
[bit8] STRT: Start (start bit)
This bit is used to start serial transfer. Write "1" in the stopped state to start transfer. Writing "1" will be
ignored during serial transfer operation or in serial shift register Read/Write wait state.
•
Writing "0" has no effect.
•
Read operations always read "0".
[bit3] MODE (serial mode selection)
This bit selects the condition to start from the stopped state. Rewriting this bit during operation is
prohibited.
MODE
Operation
0
STRT = 1 will start operation. (initial value)
1
Started by reading/writing the serial data register.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
This bit can be read and written.
•
This bit is set to "1" at μDMAC start.
[bit2] BDS: Bit Direction Select (Selection of transfer direction)
This bit selects whether to start transfer with the LSB side (LSB first) or MSB side (MSB first) during
input and output of serial data.
BDS
Operation
0
LSB first (initial value)
1
MSB first
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
This bit can be read and written.
Note:
Specify the transfer direction before writing data to the SDR.
380
[bit1] SOE: Serial Output Enable (Enable serial output)
This bit is used to control the output of the external output pins (SOT1 and 2) for serial I/O.
SOE
Operation
0
General-purpose port pin (initial value)
1
Serial data output
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
This bit can be read and written.
[bit0] SCOE: Shift Clock Output Enable (Enable shift clock output)
This bit controls output of the external input/output pins (SCK1 and 2) for the shift clock.
SCOE
Operation
0
Use of general-purpose port pins, transfer for each instruction (initial value)
1
Shift clock output pin
Set to "0" when transferring data for each instruction in external shift clock mode.
•
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset.
•
This bit can be read and written.
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
19.3.2
Serial Data Register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the serial data register 0/1
(SDR0/SDR1).
■ Serial Data Register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1)
The bit configuration of the serial data register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1) is illustrated below.
Figure 19.3-3 Bit Configuration of Serial Data Register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1)
Serial data register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1)
bit7 bit6
SDR0/SDR1
D6
ch.0 Address : 000028H D7
ch.1
00002CH R/W R/W
R/W:
bit5 bit4
D5
D4
R/W R/W
bit3
D3
R/W
bit2
D2
R/W
bit1
D1
R/W
bit0
D0
R/W
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
(Undefined)
Readable/writable
The serial data register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1) stores transfer data of the serial I/O unit.
The SDR cannot be read or written during data transfer.
382
19.3.3
Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1
(SDCR0/SDCR1)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the communication prescaler
control register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1).
■ Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1)
The bit configuration of the communication prescaler control register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1) is illustrated
below.
Figure 19.3-4 Bit Configuration of Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1(SDCR0/SDCR1)
Communication prescaler control register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1)
SDCR0/SDCR1
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 Initial value
ch.0 Address : 000029H MD
DIV3 DIV2 DIV1 DIV0 0---0000B
ch.1
00002DH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
-:
Undefined
The functions of the bits for the communication prescaler control register 0/1 (SDCR0/SDCR1) are
described below.
[bit15] MD: Machine clock divide moDe select
This bit is used to enable operation of the communication prescaler.
MD
Operation
0
The communication prescaler stops.
1
The communication prescaler operates.
[bit11, bit10, bit9, bit8] DIV3, DIV2, DIV1, DIV0: DIVide3 to DIVide0
These bits determine the division ratio of the machine clocks.
DIV3 to DIV0
Division Ratio
0000B
Division by 1
0001B
Division by 2
0010B
Division by 3
0011B
Division by 4
0100B
Division by 5
0101B
Division by 6
0110B
Division by 7
0111B
Division by 8
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
Note:
When changing the clock division ratio, wait for time of 2 division as a clock stabilization time before
the communication is performed.
384
19.4
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The interrupt of the expanded I/O serial interface generates when the transfer of data is
terminated.
The interrupt of the expanded I/O serial interface can activate the DMA transfer and
extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS).
■ Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The following table shows the interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the expanded I/O serial interface.
Table 19.4-1 Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Interrupt of serial I/O
Interrupt request flag
SMCS0:SIR (bit11) ch.0
SMCS1:SIR (bit11) ch.1
Interrupt request output enable bit
SMCS0:SIE (bit12) ch.0
SMCS1:SIE (bit12) ch.1
Interrupt generation source
Terminate transfer of serial data
■ Interrupt Source Related to Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The interrupt of the expanded I/O serial interface generates when the transfer of data is terminated. When
the SIE (bit12) flag in the serial mode control status register (SMCS) is set if SIE (bit11): interrupt enable is
"1", the interrupt request to CPU is executed.
■ Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 19.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 19.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
SIO1
❍
13
#37
FFFF68H
SIO2
❍
14
#38
FFFF64H
Interrupt source
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
Number
Address
ICR13
0000BDH
❍: Interrupt request flag is cleared.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other
interrupt function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to
execute the software polling processing.
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The expanded I/O serial interface corresponds to the DMA transfer function and EI2OS function. When the
DMA or EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt control
register (ICR).
386
19.5
Operation of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
The expanded I/O serial interface consists of the serial mode control status register
(SMCS) and serial data register (SDR). This interface is used for input and output of
8-bit serial data.
This section describes the operations of the expanded I/O serial interface.
■ Overview of Operation for Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Input and output with serial data are individually performed as follows:
● Serial data input
By synchronizing with the rising edge of a serial shift clock (external or internal clock), data is input to the
SDR (serial data register) from a serial input pin (SIN1 pin).
The shift direction (data transfer beginning with the MSB or LSB) specifies the direction specify bit (BDS)
of the serial mode control status register (SMCS).
After data transfer is completed, the operation enters the stop state or data register Read/Write wait state as
determined by the MODE bit of the serial mode control status register (SMCS). Set the following operation
to change from each state to the transfer state:
•
For return from the stop state, set the STOP bit to "0" and write "1" to the STRT bit to set it. (STOP and
STRT can be set simultaneously)
•
For return from the wait state, perform a read or write operation for the data register.
● Serial data output
By synchronizing the shift register with the falling edges of a serial shift clock (external or internal clock),
data is output from the serial output pin (SOT1 pin).
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CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
19.5.1
Shift Clock Modes
The shift clock has two modes, the internal shift clock mode and the external shift clock
mode. These two modes are specified by the setting of the SMCS. Change the mode
only when the serial I/O interface is not operating. This condition can be determined by
reading the BUSY bit.
■ Internal Shift Clock Mode
This mode uses an internal clock, and a shift clock with a duty ratio of 50% is output via the SCK pin for
synchronous timing output.
One bit of data is transferred for each clock. The data transfer speed can be calculated as follows:
Transfer speed (S) =
A
Internal clock machine cycle (A)
"A" is the following division ratio selected by the SMD bit of SMCS.
(φ ÷ div)/2, (φ ÷ div)/22, (φ ÷ div)/24, (φ ÷ div)/25, (φ ÷ div)/26
■ External Shift Clock Mode
In synchronization with an external shift clock supplied via the SCK pin, one bit of data is transferred for
each clock.
Data can be transferred at a speed up to 1/(8 machine cycles) from DC. For example, data can be
transferred at a speed of up to 2 MHz when one machine cycle is 62.5 ns.
Transfer for individual instructions can be achieved making the following settings:
•
Select the external shift clock mode and set the SCOE bit of SMCS to "0".
•
Write "1" to the direction register of the port that shares the SCK pin, then set the port to output mode.
After making the above settings, write "1" and "0" to the port data register (PDR) to obtain the value of the
port that is output to the SCK pin for supplying the external clock for data transfer. Start the shift clock as
soon as the "H"-level is input.
Note:
Writing to the SMCS and SDR during serial I/O operation is prohibited.
388
19.5.2
Operational States of Serial I/O Units
Four serial I/O states are used, namely, STOP, halt, SDR Read/Write wait, and transfer.
■ Operational States of Serial I/O Units
● STOP State
The shift counter is initialized at reset or by writing "1" to the STOP bit of SMCS, resulting in SIR = 0.
For returning from the STOP state, set STOP = 0 and STRT= 1 (these bits can be set simultaneously).
Because the STOP bit has a higher priority than the STRT bit, data transfer will not be executed even when
STRT = 1 is set while STOP = 1.
● Halt State
When the MODE bit is set to "0", the BUSY and SIR bits of SMCS will become BUSY = 0 and SIR = 1
after data transfer ends. The counter will then be initialized and set to the halt state. For returning from the
halt state, set STRT = 1 to resume data transfer operation.
● Serial Data Register Read/Write Wait State
When the MODE bit of SMCS is "1", serial transfer ends, this will result in BUSY = 0 and SIR = 1 and the
serial data register Read/Write wait state will be entered. If the interrupt enable register is set to "enable",
the applicable block will issue an interrupt signal.
When returning from the Read/Write wait state, the BUSY becomes BUSY = 1 and data transfer operation
will be resumed as soon as a read or write operation is performed for the serial data register.
● Transfer State
In this state, serial transfer is performed if BUSY = 1. Depending on the setting of the MODE bit, the halt
or Read/Write wait state will be entered.
Figure 19.5-1 shows the state transitions during operation of expanded I/O serial interface. Figure 19.5-2
illustrates the concept of reading and writing the serial data register.
389
CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
Figure 19.5-1 State Transitions during Operation of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Reset
STOP=0 & STRT=0
Transfer end
STOP
STOP=1
STRT=0, BUSY=0
MODE=0
MODE=0
STOP=0
&
&
STOP=0
STRT=1
&
End
STOP=1
STRT=0, BUSY=0
STOP=0
&
STRT=1
Transfer operation
MODE = 1 & End & STOP = 0
STRT=1, BUSY=1
SDR Read/Write
& MODE=1
STOP=1
Serial data register
Read/Write wait
STRT=1, BUSY=0
MODE=1
Serial data
Figure 19.5-2 Concept of Read and Write for Serial Data Registers
SOT Data bus
Read
SIN
Write
Interrupt output
Expanded I/O
serial interface
Data bus
Read
Write
CPU
(1)
(2)
Interrupt input
Data bus Interrupt controller
1. For MODE = 1, data transfer is ended by the shift clock counter. A read/write wait state will be entered
after SIR is set to 1. If the SIE bit is "1", an interrupt signal is generated. An interrupt signal will not be
generated; however, if the SIE is inactive or when data transfer is stopped by setting the STOP bit by
writing "1".
2. As soon as the serial data register is read or written, the interrupt request will be cleared and serial
transfer will start.
390
19.5.3
Start/Stop Timing and Input/Output Timing of Shift
Operation
Start/stop timing and input/output timing of the shift operation are described below.
■ Start/Stop Timing and Input/Output Timing of Shift Operation
•
Start
Set the STOP bit and STRT bit of SMCS to "0" and "1", respectively.
•
Stop
Operation is stopped by the end of data transfer or as soon as STOP = 1.
-
If operation stopped because of STOP = 1:
Stop is performed while SIR is "0", regardless of the MODE bit.
-
For an operation stop because of the end of data transfer:
SIR is set to "1" and operation is stopped regardless of the MODE bit.
Irrespective of the MODE bit, the BUSY bit becomes "1" in the serial data transfer state and "0" during the
stop state or Read/Write wait state. Read this bit for checking the data transfer state.
Timing charts illustrating the transfer operation in various modes are provided below. DO7 to DO0 in the
diagram represent output data.
● Internal shift clock mode (LSB First)
Figure 19.5-3 Start/Stop Timing in Shift Operation (Using the Internal Clock)
SCK1,SCK2
STRT
Output of "1"
(Transfer end)
(Transfer start)
When MODE=0
BUSY
SOT1,SOT2
DO7 (Data hold)
DO0
● External shift clock mode (LSB first)
Figure 19.5-4 Start/Stop Timing in Shift Operation (Using the External Clock)
SCK1,SCK2
STRT
(Transfer start)
(Transfer end)
When MODE=0
BUSY
SOT1,SCK2
DO0
DO7 (Data hold)
391
CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
● Instruction shift in external shift clock mode (LSB first)
During instruction shift, "H" will be output if the bit corresponding to SCK in PDR is set to "1" and "L"
will be output if the bit is set to "0". (If SCOE = 0 when external shift clock mode is selected.)
Figure 19.5-5 Instruction Shift in External Shift Clock Mode
SCK1,SCK2
PDR SCK bit "0"
STRT
PDR SCK bit "1"
PDR SCK bit "0"
(Transfer end)
If MODE = 0
BUSY
DO6
SOT1,SOT2
DO7 (Data hold)
● Stop by STOP = 1 (LSB first, internal clock used)
Figure 19.5-6 Stop Timing when the STOP Bit is Set to "1"
SCK1,SCK2
STRT
Output of "1"
(Transfer end)
(Transfer start)
If MODE = 0
BUSY
STOP
DO3
SOT1,SOT2
DO4
DO5 (Data hold)
■ Operation during Serial Data Transfer
During serial data transfer, data from the serial output pin (SOT2) is output at a falling edge of the shift
clock. Data from the serial input pin (SIN) is input at a rising edge.
● LSB first (if the BDS bit is "0")
Figure 19.5-7 Input and Output Shift Timing (LSB First)
SCK1,SCK2
SIN1,SIN2
SIN input
DI0
DI1
DI2
DI3
DI4
DI5
DI6
DI7
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7
SOT output
SOT1,SOT2
DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
● MSB first (If the BDS bit is "1")
Figure 19.5-8 Input and Output Shift Timing (MSB First)
SCK1,SCK2
SIN1,SIN2
SIN input
DI7
DI6
DI5
DI4
DI3
DI2
DI1
DI0
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0
SOT output
SOT1,SOT2
392
DO7
DO6
DO5
DO4
19.5.4
Interrupt Function
The expanded I/O serial interface can generate interrupt requests for the CPU.
■ Interrupt Function of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
An interrupt request is output to the CPU when the SIR bit, which acts as an interrupt flag, is set at the end
of data transfer provided that the SIE bit of the SMCS, which enables interrupts, is "1".
Figure 19.5-9 shows the timing for output of interrupt signals.
Figure 19.5-9 Timing for Interrupt Signal Output
SCK1,SCK2
(Transfer end)
BUSY
SIR
For MODE = 1
SIE=1
SDR RD/WR
SOT1,SOT2
DO6
DO7 (Data hold)
393
CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
19.6
Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
This section describes the program example of the expanded I/O serial interface.
■ Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Table 19.6-1 Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial Interface
Example of setting procedure
Program example
Send data of 1 byte with sio1 (channel 0)
void sio_sample(void)
{
sio_initial();
sio_start();
}
<Initial setting>
void sio_initial(void)
{
•Control SIO
Set mode register
Select shift clock >>
Set interrupt enable >>
Set interrupt request >>
Display transfer state >>
Set SOT1, 2 pins >>
Set SCK1, 2 pins >>
Set control register
Set communication
prescaler >>
Set division ratio >>
Register name. bit name
SMCS0
.SMD2 to SMD0
.SIE
.SIR
.BUSY
.SOE
.SCOE
SDCR0
.MD
IO_SMCS0.word = 0x3003; /* Setting value = 0011_0000_0000_0011 */
/* bit15 to bit13 = 001 4 division */
/* bit12 = 1
Enable interrupt */
/* bit11 = 0
Clear interrupt request */
/* bit10 = 0
R/W wait state */
/* bit1 = 1
Enable SOE serial output */
/* bit0 = 1
Enable SCOE shift clock output */
IO_SDCR0.byte = 0x83;
/* Setting value =1000_0011 */
Enable communication prescaler */
/* bit15 = 1
/* bit11 to bit8 = 11B 4 division */
.DIV3 to DIV0
ÅEInterrupt related
Set interrupt level
Set I flag
IO_ICR13.byte = 0x10;
ICR13
(CCR)
__EI();
/* Set SIO transmission completion interrupt level
(arbitrary value) */
/* Enable interrupt */
}
<Start>
•Start SIO
Send any data
Start SIO operation
Register name. bit name
SDR0
SMCS0 .STRT
<Interrupt>
•Transmission interrupt
processing
Initialize interrupt flag
Register name. bit name
SMCS0 .SIR
void sio_start(void)
{
IO_SDR0 = 0xaa;
IO_SMCS0.bit.STRT = 1;
}
__interrupt void sio_int(void)
{
IO_SMCS0.bit.SIR = 0;
}
/* Send any value of data */
/* bit1 = 1
Enable SIO operation */
/* bit0 = 0
Initialize SIR interrupt flag */
<Interrupt vector>
•Set vector table
#pragma intvect sio_int 37
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of __set_il (numeric value) are
required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and
"CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX
FAMILY MB90980 SERIES".
394
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Type of operation clock and selection method
There are two operation clocks: internal timer and external clock.
Set by the shift clock select bits (SMCS0.SMD[2:0], SMCS1.SMD[2:0]).
Table 19.6-2 Type of Operation Clock and Selection Method
Content of control
Shift clock select bits (SMD[2:0])
To select internal timer
Set to "000B" to "100B"
To select external clock
Set to "101B"
● Method to control SCK, SIN, SOT pins
Set by SIO1, SIO2.
Table 19.6-3 Method to Control SCK, SIN, SOT Pins
Operation
SIO1
SIO2
To input SCK pin
DDR9: P92 = 0
DDR4: P42 = 0
To output SCK pin
SMCS0: SCOE = 1
SMCS1: SCOE = 1
To input SIN pin
DDR9: P90 = 0
DDR4: P40 = 0
To output SOT pin
SMCS0: SOE = 1
SMCS1: SOE = 1
● Method to enable/stop SIO operation
Set by the start bit (SMCS0.STRT, SMCS1.STRT).
Table 19.6-4 Method to Enable SIO Operation
Content of control
Start bit (STRT)
Start serial transfer
Set to "1"
Set by the stop bit (SMCS0.STOP, SMCS1.STOP).
Table 19.6-5 Method to Stop SIO Operation
Content of control
Stop bit (STOP)
Stop serial transfer
Set to "1"
395
CHAPTER 19 EXPANDED I/O SERIAL INTERFACE
● Method to set transfer direction
Set by the setting direction selection bit (SMCS0.BDS, SMCS1.BDS).
The transfer direction of LSB/MSB can be selected from any operation mode.
Table 19.6-6 Method to Set Transfer Direction
Content of control
Setting direction selection bit (BDS)
To set to LSB transfer (from least significant bit)
Set to "0"
To set to MSB transfer (from most significant bit)
Set to "1"
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between the SIO number, interrupt level, and interrupt vector is shown in the following
table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 19.6-7 Relationship Between SIO Number, Interrupt Level, and Interrupt Vector
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting bit
SIO1
#37
Address : 0FFFF68H
Interrupt level register (ICR13)
Address : 000BDH
SIO2
#38
Address : 0FFFF64H
Interrupt level register (ICR13)
Address : 000BDH
● Type of interrupt
One interrupt is provided. It generates when transfer of the serial data is terminated.
● Method to enable/disable/clear interrupt
Enabling/disabling interrupt is set by the interrupt request enable bit (SMCS0.SIE, SMCS1.SIE).
Table 19.6-8 Method to Enable/Disable Interrupt
Content of control
Interrupt request enable bit (SIE)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
Clearing interrupt request is set by the interrupt request flag (SMCS0.SIR, SMCS1.SIR).
Table 19.6-9 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
396
Content of control
Interrupt request flag (SIR)
To clear interrupt request
Set to "0"
CHAPTER 20
UART
This chapter provides an overview, configuration,
interrupt, operation, precautions on use, and program
example of the UART and explains the configuration and
functions of its registers.
20.1 Overview of the UART
20.2 Configuration of UART
20.3 Configuration and Functions of UART Registers
20.4 Interrupt of UART
20.5 UART Operations
20.6 Precautions on Using the UART
20.7 Program Example of UART
397
CHAPTER 20 UART
20.1
Overview of the UART
The UART is a serial I/O port for asynchronous (start-stop synchronization)
communications or CLK synchronous communication.
■ UART Features
The UART has the following features:
398
•
Built-in full-duplex double buffer
•
Both asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) and CLK synchronous communication (no start bit and
stop bit) are available
•
Support of multiprocessor mode
•
Built-in dedicated baud rate generator
•
In asynchronous: 76923/38461/19230/9615/500k/250kbps
•
In CLK synchronous: 16M/8M/4M/2M/1M/500kbps
•
Free baud rate setting via external clock
•
Internal clock supplied by PPG1 can be used
•
Data length: 7 bits (asynchronous normal mode only)/8 bits
•
Master/slave communication function (in multiprocessor mode): 1 (master) to n (slaves) communication
enabled
•
Error detection function (parity, framing, overrun)
•
Transfer signal: NRZ code
•
DMA support (reception/transmission)
20.2
Configuration of UART
The UART consists of the serial mode register, serial control register, serial status
register, communication prescaler control register, serial input/output register.
■ UART Block Diagram
Figure 20.2-1 shows a block diagram of the UART.
Figure 20.2-1 Block Diagram of the UART
Control signal
Reception interrupt (to CPU)
Dedicated baud
rate generator
PPG1 (internal connection)
SCK0
Clock
selector
circuit Reception
Transmission clock
Send interrupt (to CPU)
clock
External clock
SIN0
Reception control
circuit
Transmission
control circuit
Start-bit
detector
circuit
Transmission
start circuit
Reception
bit counter
Transmission
bit counter
Reception
parity
counter
Transmission
parity counter
SOT0
Reception state
detection circuit
Reception
shift register
Reception
DMAC reception
control circuit
error transmission
Serial input
signal (to CPU)
register (SIDR)
Transmission
shift register
Transmission
start
Serial output
register (SODR)
F2MC-16LX bus
Serial
mode
register
(SMR)
MD1
PEN
MD0
P
CS2
CS1
CS0
Serial
control
register
(SCR)
SBL
CL
A/D
REC
PE
ORE
Serial
status
register
(SSR)
FRE
RDRF
TDRE
BDS
SCKE
REX
RIE
SOE
TXE
TIE
Control signal
399
CHAPTER 20 UART
■ Pin Related to UART
The pin related to the UART has the SIN0/SOT0/SCK0 pins. The SIN0 pin functions as the serial input port, the
SOT0 pin the serial output port, and the SCK0 pin the external clock input port. The SIN0, SCK0 pins function
as the general-purpose I/O port (P70/SIN0, P72/SCK0) and the input pin of UART, and the SOT0 pin functions
as the general-purpose I/O port (P71/SOT0) and the output pin of UART.
● Setting when using as SIN0/SCK0 pins
When the SIN0/SCK0 are used as the input pin by the UART, the P70/SIN0, P72/SCK0 pins should be set
to the input port by the port direction register (DDR7 bit0, bit2→0).
● Setting when using as SOT0 pin
When the SOT0 is used as the data output pin by the UART, be sure to set the serial mode register (SMR)
to the serial data output (SOE bit0→1).
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to UART
Figure 20.2-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to UART
Peripheral function
input (SIN0/SCK0)
Port data register (PDR)
Peripheral function
output (SOT1/SOT2)
Peripheral function output enable
Open drain control signal
(only P40/P41/P42)
PDR Read
Internal data bus
Output latch
P-ch
Pin
PDR Write
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Stand-by control (SPL=1)
Stand-by control: Stop mode (SPL=1), Time-base timer mode (SPL=1), Watch mode (SPL=1)
400
20.3
Configuration and Functions of UART Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers used by the
UART.
■ List of UART Registers
Figure 20.3-1 lists the UART registers.
Figure 20.3-1 List of UART Registers
bit15
bit8 bit7
SCR
SSR
CDCR
8 bits
bit0
SMR
SIDR(R)/SODR(W)
-
(R/W)
(R/W)
8 bits
Serial mode register (SMR)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1
000020H MD1 MD0 CS2 CS1 CS0 Reserved SCKE
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Serial control register (SCR)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
000021H PEN
P
SBL CL A/D REC RXE
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W W
R/W
Serial input register (SIDR)/serial output register (SODR)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
000022H D7
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Serial status register (SSR)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
000023H PE ORE FRE RDRF TDRE BDS RIE
R
R
R
R
R
R/W R/W
Communication prescaler control register (CDCR)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9
DIV3 DIV2 DIV1
000025H MD SRST R/W R/W
R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
R:
W:
-:
(R/W)
Initial value
bit0
SOE
R/W
00000X00B
bit8
TXE
R/W
00000100B
bit0
D0
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
bit8
TIE
R/W
00001000B
bit8
DIV0
R/W
00--0000B
Readable/writable
Read only
Write only
Undefined
Note:
When setting a UART register, set the communication mode while the UART is not in operation.
When the communication mode is changed while operation is in progress, the data in send/receive
operations cannot be assured.
401
CHAPTER 20 UART
20.3.1
Serial Mode Register (SMR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the serial mode register
(SMR).
■ Serial Mode Register (SMR)
The bit configuration of the serial mode register (SMR) is illustrated below.
Figure 20.3-2 Bit Configuration of Serial Mode Register (SMR)
Serial mode register (SMR)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3
000020H MD1 MD0 CS2 CS1 CS0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
bit2
bit1 bit0
Reserved SCKE SOE
R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
00000X00B
Readable/writable
The functions of the bits for the serial mode register (SMR) are as follows.
[bit7, bit6] MD1, MD0: Mode Select
These bits are used to select the UART operation mode.
Mode
MD1
MD0
Operation mode
0
0
0
Asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) normal mode
1
0
1
Asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) multiprocessor mode
2
1
0
CLK synchronous mode
-
1
1
Setting prohibited
In mode 1, the asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) multiprocessor mode is used when several
slave CPUs are connected to one host CPU. UART cannot distinguish the data format of reception data;
therefore, it only supports the master in multiprocessor mode. The parity check function cannot be used.
Set the PEN bit of the SCR register to "0".
402
[bit5, bit4, bit3] CS2, CS1, CS0: Clock Select
These bits select the baud rate clock sources. When a dedicated baud rate generator is selected, the baud
rate will be determined at the same time.
CS2 to CS0
000B to 101B
Clock input
Dedicated baud rate generator
110B
Internal clock
111B
External clock
•
PPG1 will be selected in the MB90980 series if an internal clock is selected.
•
Please do not use the following setting when dedicated baud rate generator is used at synchronous
transfer.
1) CS2 to CS0 = 000B
2) CS2 to CS0 = 001B, DIV3 to DIV0 = 0000B
[bit2] not used
This bit is not used.
[bit1] SCKE: SCLK Enable
This bit specifies whether to use SCK0 as a clock input pin or as a clock output pin during
communication in CLK synchronous mode (mode 2). Set this bit to "0" in CLK asynchronous mode or
external clock mode.
•
0: The pin functions as clock input pin.
•
1: The pin functions as clock output pin.
Note:
An external clock source must be selected in advance when specifying use as a clock input pin via
this bit.
[bit0] SOE: Serial Output Enable
This bit specifies whether to use the external pin (SOT0), which is used also as a general-purpose I/O
port pin, as a serial output pin or as an I/O port pin.
•
0: The pin functions as a general-purpose I/O port pin.
•
1: The pin functions as the serial data output pin (SOT0).
403
CHAPTER 20 UART
20.3.2
Serial Control Register (SCR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the serial control register
(SCR).
■ Serial Control Register (SCR)
The bit configuration of the serial control register (SCR) is illustrated below.
Figure 20.3-3 Bit Configuration of Serial Control Register (SCR)
Serial control register (SCR)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
000021H PEN
P
SBL CL A/D REC RXE TXE
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W W
R/W R/W
R/W:
R:
Initial value
00000100B
Readable/writable
Read only
The functions of the bits for the serial control register (SCR) are as follows:
[bit15] PEN: Parity ENable
This bit specifies whether to add a parity bit during transmission and to detect it during receiving when
processing serial data.
PEN
Operation
0
No parity
1
Parity provided
Note:
Parity can be added only in normal mode (mode 0) in asynchronous (start-stop synchronization)
communication mode. Parity cannot be added in multiprocessor mode (mode 1) or in CLK
synchronous communication (mode 2).
[bit14] P: Parity
This bit specifies whether to use even or odd parity in data communications with parity.
P
404
Operation
0
Even parity
1
Odd parity
[bit13] SBL: Stop Bit Length
This bit specifies the bit length of the stop bit, which is a frame end mark in asynchronous (start-stop
synchronization) communication.
SBL
Operation
0
1 stop bit
1
2 stop bits
[bit12] CL: Character Length
This bit specifies the data length of one frame to be sent or received.
CL
Operation
0
7-bit data
1
8-bit data
Note:
Only the normal mode (mode 0) in asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) communications can
handle 7-bit data. Specify 8-bit data only in multiprocessor mode (mode 1) or CLK synchronous
mode (mode 2).
[bit11] A/D: Address/Data
This bit specifies the data format for frames to be sent and received in multiprocessor mode (mode 1)
during asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) communication.
A/D
Operation
0
Data frame
1
Address frame
[bit10] REC: Receiver Error Clear
Writing "0" to this bit clears the error flags (PE, ORE, FRE) of the SSR register.
Writing "1" has no effect. Read operations always read "1".
405
CHAPTER 20 UART
[bit9] RXE: Receiver Enable
This bit controls the reception state of the UART.
RXE
Operation
0
Disables reception operation
1
Enables reception operation
If reception operation becomes disabled while reception is in progress (while data is input to the
reception shift register), reception operation will only be disabled after reception of the frame completes
and the reception data is stored in the SIDR register from the reception data buffer.
[bit8] TXE: Transmitter Enable
This bit controls the UART transmission states.
TXE
Operation
0
Disables transmission operation
1
Enables transmission operation
If transmission operation becomes disabled while transmission is in progress (while data is output from
the transmission register), transmission operation will only be disabled after the serial output register
(SODR) no longer contains transmission data. Transmission is resumed by synchronization with an
internal serial clock after writing a value to the serial output register (SODR). Disabling of transmission
(TXE = 0) is invalid when the TDRE flag is "0".
406
20.3.3
Serial Input/Output Register (SIDR/SODR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the serial input/output
register (SIDR/SODR).
■ Serial Input/Output Register (SIDR/SODR)
The bit configuration of the serial input/output register (SIDR/SODR) is illustrated below.
Figure 20.3-4 Bit Configuration of Serial Input/Output Register (SIDR/SODR)
Serial input register (SIDR)/serial output register (SODR)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
000022H D7
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
Readable/writable
The upper bit (D7) of the serial input/output register (SIDR/SODR) will become invalid when the stored
data elements are 7 bits long. Always set the TDRE of the SSR register to "1" when writing data elements
to the SODR register.
Note:
Write data elements at this address by the same method as that in writing data elements in the
SODR register. This address is read by the same method as that used in reading the SIDR register.
407
CHAPTER 20 UART
20.3.4
Serial Status Register (SSR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the serial status register
(SSR).
■ Serial Status Register (SSR)
The bit configuration of the serial status register (SSR) is illustrated below.
Figure 20.3-5 Bit Configuration of Serial Status Register (SSR)
Serial status register (SSR)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
000023H PE ORE FRE RDRF TDRE BDS
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W:
R:
bit9 bit8
RIE TIE
R/W R/W
Initial value
00001000B
Readable/writable
Read only
The SSR provides a flag that represents the UART status.
The functions of the bits for the serial status register (SSR) bits are described below.
[bit15] PE: Parity Error
This bit acts as an interrupt request flag that is set when a parity error occurs during receiving. Set the
REC bit (bit10) of the SCR register to "0" to clear a flag that has been set. The data in the SIDR
becomes invalid when this bit is set.
PE
Operation
0
No parity error
1
Parity error detected
[bit14] ORE: Over Run Error
This bit is an interrupt request flag that is set in case an overrun error occurs during reception. Set the
REC bit (bit10) of the SCR register to "0" to clear a flag that has been set. The data in the SIDR
becomes invalid when this bit is set.
ORE
408
Operation
0
No overrun error
1
Overrun error detected
[bit13] FRE: FRaming Error
This bit is an interrupt request flag that is set in case a framing error occurs during reception. Set the
REC bit (bit10) of the SCR register to "0" to clear a flag that has been set. The data in the SIDR
becomes invalid when this bit is set.
FRE
Operation
0
No framing error
1
Framing error detected
[bit12] RDRF: Receiver Data Register Full
This bit is an interrupt request flag that indicates that the SIDR register has stored reception data. This
flag is set when reception data is loaded into the SIDR register and is cleared automatically when the
SIDR register is reads.
RDRF
Operation
0
No reception data
1
Reception data loaded
[bit11] TDRE: Transmitter Data Register Empty
This bit acts as an interrupt request flag that indicates that transmission data can be written to the SODR
register. This flag is cleared when transmission data is written to the SODR register. The flag will be set
again to indicate that the next item of transmission data can be written as soon as written data has been
loaded into the transmission shift register unit and data transfer starts.
TDRE
Operation
0
Prohibit writing of transmission data
1
Allow writing of transmission data
[bit10] BDS
This bit is used to control the selection of a data transfer direction.
BDS
Operation
0
Serial data is transferred starting with the LSB side. (LSB first)
1
Serial data is transferred starting with the MSB side. (MSB first)
Note:
When this bit is rewritten after writing data to the SDR register to switch between the upper side and
lower side of data, the data in the serial data register (SDR) becomes invalid in read and write
operations.
409
CHAPTER 20 UART
[bit9] RIE: Receiver Interrupt Enable
This bit controls reception interrupts.
RIE
Operation
0
Prohibit interrupts.
1
Allow interrupts.
In addition to PE, ORE, and FRE errors, normal reception by RDRF also acts as reception interrupt
source.
[bit8] TIE: Transmitter Interrupt Enable
This bit controls transmission interrupts.
TIE
Operation
0
Prohibit interrupts.
1
Allow interrupts.
Note:
If transmission operation becomes disabled during transmission, the transmission operation stops
after no more data remains in the serial output register (SODR). For writing "0", wait a predefined
time after data has been written to SODR register. In clock asynchronous transfer mode, the term
"predefined time" means 1/16 the time corresponding to the baud rate. In clock synchronous transfer
mode, this term refers to the time corresponding to the baud rate.
410
20.3.5
Communication Prescaler Control Register (CDCR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the communication prescaler
control register (CDCR).
■ Communication Prescaler Control Register (CDCR)
The bit configuration of the communication prescaler control register (CDCR) is illustrated below.
Figure 20.3-6 Bit Configuration of Communication Prescaler Control Register (CDCR)
Communication prescaler control register (CDCR)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
DIV3 DIV2 DIV1 DIV0
000025H MD SRST R/W R/W
R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
-:
Initial value
00--0000B
Readable/writable
Undefined
The CDCR register controls machine clock division. The UART operation clocks are obtained by dividing
the machine clock. This communication prescaler is allowed to obtain the constant baud rates with respect
to various machine clocks.
[bit15] MD: Machine clock divide moDe select
This bit is used to enables operation of the communication prescaler.
MD
Operation
0
The communication prescaler stops.
1
The communication prescaler operates.
[bit14] SRST: Set ReSeT
This bit resets all operations of the UART. It initializes all data and register values.
SRST
Operation
0
Initial value (has no effect)
1
Forced reset
Note:
Setting this bit will forcibly clear all data and register values of the UART. Set all data and registers
again to return to their initial values. Data being transferred as well as saved data will be invalid until
the respective settings have been made again.
411
CHAPTER 20 UART
[bit11, bit10, bit9, bit8] DIV3, DIV2, DIV1, DIV0
These bits are used to determine the division ratios of the machine clocks.
DIV3 to DIV0
Division Ratio
0000B
Division by 1
0001B
Division by 2
0010B
Division by 3
0011B
Division by 4
0100B
Division by 5
0101B
Division by 6
0110B
Division by 7
0111B
Division by 8
Notes:
• When changing the clock division ratio, wait for time of 2 division as a clock stabilization time
before the communication is performed.
• Please do not use the following setting when the dedicated baud rate generator is used at the
synchronous transfer.
- CS2 to CS0 = 000B
- CS2 to CS0 = 001B, DIV3 to DIV0 = 0000B
412
20.4
Interrupt of UART
The UART has the reception and transmission interrupts.
The interrupt of the UART can activate the DMA transfer and extended intelligent I/O
service (EI2OS).
■ Interrupt of UART
The following table shows the interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the UART.
Table 20.4-1 Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of UART
UART reception interrupt
UART transmission interrupt
Interrupt request
flag
Data reception completion SSR:
RDRF (bit12)
Framing error SSR:FRE (bit13)
Overrun error SSR:ORE (bit14)
Parity error SSR:PE (bit15)
SSR:TDRE (bit11)
Interrupt request
output enable bit
SSR:RIE (bit9)
SSR:TIE (bit8)
Interrupt generation
source
At receiving UART
At transmitting UART
■ Interrupt Source Related to UART
The interrupts occurs at receiving and transmitting UART.
The interrupt request occurs with the sources as shown below.
•
When the reception data is loaded to the serial input register (SIDR)
•
When the reception error (parity, overrun, framing error) occurs
•
When the transmission data is transferred from the serial output register (SODR) to the transmission
shift register
413
CHAPTER 20 UART
■ Interrupt of UART, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 20.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register.
Table 20.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt source
UART transmission completion *
UART reception completion *
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
❍
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control
register
Number
Address
Number
Address
11
#34
FFFF74H
ICR11
0000BBH
7
#36
FFFF6CH
ICR12
0000BCH
❍: Interrupt request flag is cleared.
*:
: Interrupt request flag is cleared (stop request).
This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.2-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other
interrupt function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to
execute the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The UART corresponds to the DMA transfer function and EI2OS function. When the DMA or EI2OS
function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt control register (ICR).
414
20.5
UART Operations
This section describes the operations of the UART.
■ Operation Modes
UART has the operation modes shown below. The modes can be changed by setting values in the SMR and
SCR registers.
Mode
Parity
Data length
Operation mode
Provided/not provided
7
Provided/not provided
8
Asynchronous (start-stop
synchronization) normal mode
0
1
None
8 + 1 *1
Asynchronous (start-stop
synchronization)
multiprocessor mode
2
None
8
CLK synchronous mode
Stop bit length
1 bit or 2 bits *2
None
*1: The "+1" term represents the address/data selection bit (A/D) used in communication control.
*2: Only one bit can be detected as stop bit during reception.
The stop bit length in asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) mode can only be specified for send
operations. The bit length in reception operations is always one bit. Do not set the stop bit length other than
asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) mode.
UART operation mode 1 is used only for the master in master/slave connection.
● Connection between CPUs
1:1 connection (normal mode) or master/slave connection (multiprocessor mode) can be selected. The data
length, whether or not to add a parity bit, synchronization, and other specifications for these two systems
must be the same across all CPUs. The following operation modes can be selected:
•
In 1:1 connection (normal mode), the same operation mode, either operation mode 0 or operation mode
2, must be selected for both CPUs.
Select operation mode 0 for asynchronous operation. Select operation mode 2 for synchronous
operation.
•
In master/slave connection (multiprocessor mode), use operation mode 1. Select operation mode 1 and
use this device as the master. For this type of connection, select "no parity".
415
CHAPTER 20 UART
■ UART Clock Selection
● Dedicated Baud Rate Generator
- Asynchronous baud rate = φ / (prescaler division ratio) / (asynchronous transfer clock division ratio)
- Synchronous baud rate = φ / (prescaler division ratio) / (synchronous transfer clock division ratio)
φ: Machine clock
•
The division ratios provided by the prescaler (common for asynchronous/synchronous operation) are
listed in Table 20.5-1.
Table 20.5-1 Division Ratios by the Prescaler
•
MD
DIV3 to DIV0
DIV
0
φ
Stop
1
0000B
1
1
0001B
2
1
0010B
3
1
0011B
4
1
0100B
5
1
0101B
6
1
0110B
7
1
0111B
8
For the division ratios of the synchronous transfer clock, see Table 20.5-2.
Table 20.5-2 Division Ratios of the Synchronous Transfer Clock
CS2
CS1
CS0
CLK
synchronous
Calculation formula
SCK0
0
0
1
12.5Mbps
(φ / DIV)/2
(φ / DIV)/2
0
1
0
6.25Mbps
(φ / DIV)/4
(φ / DIV)/4
0
1
1
3.125Mbps
(φ / DIV)/8
(φ / DIV)/8
1
0
0
1.5625Mbps
(φ / DIV)/16
(φ / DIV)/16
1
0
1
781.25Kbps
(φ / DIV)/32
(φ / DIV)/32
φ: Calculated based on the machine clock (internal frequency f=25 MHz) for DIV=1.
416
Note:
Please do not use the following setting when the dedicated baud rate generator is used at the
synchronous transfer.
• CS2 to CS0 = 000B
• CS2 to CS0 = 001B, DIV3 to DIV0 = 0000B
•
For the division ratios of the asynchronous transfer clock, see Table 20.5-3.
Table 20.5-3 Division Ratios of the asynchronous Transfer Clock
CS2
CS1
CS0
CLK
synchronous
Calculation formula
SCK0
0
0
0
120192bps
(φ / DIV)/(8 × 13 × 2)
(φ / DIV)/(13 × 2)
0
0
1
60096bps
(φ / DIV)/(8 × 13 × 4)
(φ / DIV)/(13 × 4)
0
1
0
30048bps
(φ / DIV)/(8 × 13 × 8)
(φ / DIV)/(13 × 8)
0
1
1
15024bps
(φ / DIV)/(8 × 13 × 16)
(φ / DIV)/(13 × 16)
1
0
0
781.25Kbps
(φ / DIV)/(8 × 2 × 2)
(φ / DIV)/2
1
0
1
390.625Kbps
(φ / DIV)/(8 × 2 × 4)
(φ / DIV)/4
φ: Calculated based on the machine clock (internal frequency f=25 MHz) for DIV=1.
417
CHAPTER 20 UART
● Internal timer
The applicable baud rate when CS2 to CS0 are set to "110B" and the internal timer (PPG1) is selected can
be calculated by the following expressions:
Asynchronous (start-stop synchronization): (φ / N) /(16 x 2 x (n + 1))
CLK synchronous: (φ / N)/(2 x (n + 1))
N: Count clock source of the timer (PPG1)
n: Reload value of the timer (PPG1)
Table 20.5-4 shows the relationship between the baud rate and reload value when the machine clock
frequency is 7.3728 MHz.
Table 20.5-4 Relationship Between Baud Rate and Reload Value
(Machine Clock Frequency: 7.3728 MHz)
Reload value
Baud rate
Clock asynchronous
(Start-Stop synchronization)
Clock synchronous
N = 21
(divide-by-2 of
machine clock)
N = 23
(divide-by-8 of
machine clock)
N = 21
(divide-by-2 of
machine clock)
N = 23
(divide-by-8 of
machine clock)
38400
2
-
47
11
19200
5
-
95
23
9600
11
2
191
47
4800
23
5
383
95
2400
47
11
767
191
1200
95
23
1535
383
600
191
47
3071
767
300
383
95
6143
1535
- : Indicates that a setting is prohibited
Note:
Please do not use the following setting at the clock synchronization.
N = 1, n = 0
418
● External Clock
The baud rate when CS2 to CS0 are set to "111B" can be calculated by the following expressions:
Asynchronous (start-stop synchronization): f / 16
CLK synchronous: f'
f can be up to 1/2 of the machine clock. f' can be up to 1/8 of the machine clock.
419
CHAPTER 20 UART
20.5.1
Operation in Asynchronous Mode (Operation Modes 0
and 1)
Transfer operation becomes asynchronous when the UART is used in operation mode 0
(normal mode) or in operation mode 1 (multiprocessor mode).
■ Operation in Asynchronous Mode (Operation Modes 0 and 1)
● Transfer data format
Transfer data always starts with a start bit ("L"-level), a transfer operation of a specified data bit length is
performed LSB first, and transfer ends with a stop bit ("H"-level).
•
In normal mode of operation mode 0, the data length can be set to 7 bits or 8 bits.
•
In operation mode 1, the data length is fixed at 8 bits and a parity bit is not added. Instead, an A/D
(address/data selection bit) is added.
Figure 20.5-1 Transfer Data Format (Asynchronous Mode)
Operation mode 0
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7*1/P*2
SP
Operation mode 1
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A/D
*1
: D7 (Data bit 7) ..... without parity
*2
: P (Parity bit) ......... with parity
SP
ST : Start bit
SP : Stop bit
A/D : Address/data selection bit in operation mode 1 (multiprocessor mode)
● Transmission Operation
When the transmission data empty flag bit (SSR: TDRE) is "1", transmission data is written to the output
data register (SODR). The data is sent if send operation is enabled (SCR: TXE = 1) at that time.
Transmission data is sent to the send shift register and sending starts. The TDRE flag is then reset to "1" to
enable setting of the next item of transmission data.
If transmission interrupt requests are enabled (SSR: TIE = 1), a transmission interrupt request is output to
request writing of the transmission data to the SODR. The TDRE flag is cleared to "0" when transmission
data has been written to the SODR.
420
● Reception Operation
Reception is always performed if reception operation is enabled (SCR: RXE = 1). When the start bit is
detected, one frame of data is received in accordance with the data format determined by the serial control
register (SCR). When the error flag is set at the time of error after one frame has been received, the
reception data full flag bit (SSR: RDRF) is set to "1". If reception interrupt requests are enabled (SSR: RIE
= 1), a reception interrupt request is output in this case. Each flag of the serial status register (SSR) is
checked. If reception was performed normally, the serial input register (SIDR) is read; if an error is
detected, error processing is performed.
The RDRF flag is cleared to "0" after reception data is read from the SIDR.
● Detecting the start bit
Implement the following settings to detect the start bit:
•
Set the communication line level to H (attach the mark level) before the communication period.
•
Specify reception permission (RXE = H) while the communication line level is H (mark level).
•
Do not specify reception permission (RXE = H) for periods other than the communication period
(without mark level).
•
After the stop bit is detected (the RDRF flag is set to 1), specify reception inhibition (RXE = L) while
the communication line level is H (mark level).
Figure 20.5-2 Normal Operation
Communication period
Non-communication period
Mark level
Start bit
SIN
ST
Non-communication period
Stop bit
Data
D0
D1
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
SP
(Sending 01010101B)
RXE
Receive clock
Sampling clock
Receive clock (8 pulse)
Recognition by the microcontroller
ST
Generating sampling clocks by dividing the receive clock by 16
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
SP
(Receiving 01010101B)
Note that specifying reception permission at the timing shown below obstructs the correct recognition of
the input data (SIN) by the microcontroller.
•
Example of operation if reception permission (RXE = H) is specified while the communication line
level is L.
Figure 20.5-3 Error Operation
Communication period
Non-communication period
Mark level
Start bit
SIN
(Sending 01010101B)
RXE
Non-communication period
Stop bit
Data
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
SP
SP
Receive clock
Sampling clock
Recognition by the microcontroller
ST recognition
(Receiving 10101010B)
PE,ORE,FRE
Occurrence of a reception error
421
CHAPTER 20 UART
● Stop bit
Use of one or two stop bits can be selected for sending. The receiving unit, however, will only identify the
first stop bit.
● Error detection
•
Mode 0: Parity errors, overrun errors, and frame errors can be detected.
•
Mode 1: Overrun and frame errors can be detected. Parity errors cannot be detected.
● Parity
Parity can be used only in operation mode 0 (asynchronous and normal modes). Whether to use parity can
be set with the PEN bit, while use of even or odd parity can be selected with the P bit of the serial control
register (SCR). Parity cannot be used in operation mode 1 (asynchronous and multiprocessor modes) and
operation mode 2 (CLK synchronous mode). Figure 20.5-4 shows the data format for send and receive data
when parity is used.
The items "ST" and "SP" in the diagram indicate the "start bit" and "stop bit" respectively.
Figure 20.5-4 Transfer Data Format when Using Parity
SIN0
ST
SP
1
SOT0
0
1
1
0
0
during reception with even parity
0
ST
A parity error has occurred
(SCR: P = 0)
SP
Sending of even parity
1
SOT0
0
1
1
0
0
1
ST
SP
1
0
1
Data
1
0
0
0
Parity
Note:
Parity cannot be used in operation modes 1 and 2.
422
(SCR: P = 0)
Sending of odd parity
(SCR: P = 1)
20.5.2
Operation in Synchronous Mode (Operation Mode 2)
The transfer operation becomes clock-synchronous when the UART operates in
operation mode 2 (CLK synchronous mode).
■ Operation in CLK Synchronous Mode (Operation Mode 2)
● Transfer Data Format
In synchronous mode, 8-bit data is transferred with LSB first, and no start bit or stop bit is added.
Figure 20.5-5 shows the transfer data format in CLK synchronous mode:
Figure 20.5-5 Transfer Data Format (in CLK Synchronous Mode)
Send data write
Mark level
Transmission/reception clock
RXE,TXE
Transmission/reception data
1
LSB
0
1
1
0
Data
0
1
0
MSB
● Clock Supply
In a clock synchronous (expanded I/O serial) operation, a number of clock equivalent to the number of bits
in the transmission/reception data must be supplied.
When an internal clock (dedicated baud rate generator or internal timer) is selected, a data reception
synchronous clock will be supplied automatically when data is sent.
If an external clock is selected, the serial output register (SODR) in the UART of the transmission side
system must contain data. After confirmation that TDRE of the SSR is 0, clock for one byte must be
supplied correctly from the outside.
Always set the mark level "H" before and after sending data.
● Error Detection
Only overrun errors can be detected. Parity and framing errors cannot be detected.
423
CHAPTER 20 UART
● Initialization
The appropriate setting values for the control registers when using synchronous mode are shown below.
[Serial mode register (SMR)]
•
MD1 and MD0:
"10B"
•
CS2, CS1, CS0:
Specify the clock source determined by the clock selector.
•
SCKE:
"1" if the dedicated baud rate generator or internal clock is used, "0" when the
external clock is used.
•
SOE:
"1" for sending. "0" for only receiving.
[Serial control register (SCR)]
•
PEN:
"0"
•
P, SBL, A/D:
These bits have no effect.
•
CL:
"1" (8-bit data)
•
REC:
"0" (Error flag clear for initialization)
•
REX,TXE:
Ensure that at least one of RXE and TXE is "1".
[Serial status Register (SSR)]
•
RIE: "1" when interrupts are used. "0" if no interrupts are used.
•
TIE: "0"
● Communication start
Start communication by writing to the serial output register (SODR). Note that temporary data must be
written to the SODR before starting communication, even when receiving data.
● Communication end
After the end of transmission and reception of one data frame, the RDRF flag of the serial status register
(SSR) is set to "1". During reception, check the overrun error flag bit (SSR: ORE) and decide whether
communication has been performed normally.
424
20.5.3
Two-Way Communication Function (Normal Mode)
Normal serial two-way communication in a 1:1 connection can be performed in
operation modes 0 and 2. The synchronization type is "asynchronous" for operation
mode 0 and "synchronous" for operation mode 2.
■ Register Settings in Two-Way Communication
Set the registers as shown in Figure 20.5-6 before starting two-way communication.
Figure 20.5-6 Register Settings in Two-Way Communication
15 14 13 12
Bit
SCR/SMR PEN P SBL CL
Mode 0
1
Mode 2 0
11 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD REC RXE TXE MD1 MD0 CS2 CS1 CS0 BCH SCKE SOE
0
0
0
0
1
0
SSR,
SIDR/SODR PE ORE FRE TDRF
Mode 0
Mode 2
DDR7*
-
RIE TIE Set conversion data (during write)/store reception data (during read)
-
-
-
P74 P73 P72 P71 P70
*
: When UART0 is used, set the bit0 and bit2 of DDR7.
: Bit used
: Bit undefined
1 : Set to "1"
0 : Set to "0"
: Set "0" when pin input is used
■ Connection Between CPUs in Two-Way Communication
Figure 20.5-7 shows the connection between CPUs in two-way communication.
Figure 20.5-7 Connection Between CPUs in Two-Way Communication
SOT0
SOT0
SIN0
SCK0
SIN0
SCK0
Output
CPU1
Input
CPU2
425
CHAPTER 20 UART
■ Communication Procedure for Two-Way Communication Function
Communication is started by the sending side with an arbitrary timing when data for transmission is ready.
The receiving side receives the transmission data and periodically returns ANS (in this example, separately
for each byte).
Figure 20.5-8 illustrates the procedure for communication with the two-way communication function.
Figure 20.5-8 Communication Procedure for Two-Way Communication Function
(Transmission side)
(Transmission side)
Start
Start
Setting the operation mode
(Matching the setting of the
transmission side)
Setting the operation mode (0 or 2)
Sending data
Communication after storing 1-byte data in SODR
NO
Reception data
available?
YES
NO
Reception data
available?
YES
Reading and processing reception data
Sending data
Reading and processing reception data
Sending 1-byte data
(ANS)
426
20.5.4
Master/Slave Communication Function (Multiprocessor
Mode)
The UART enables communication in a master/slave connection in which more than one
CPU is connected. Operation mode 1 is used in this case. The UART itself can be used
only as the master system.
■ Register Settings in Master/Slave Communication
Set the registers as shown in Figure 20.5-9 before starting master-slave communication.
Figure 20.5-9 Register Settings in Master/Slave Communication
15 14 13 12
Bit
SCR/SMR PEN P SBL CL
1
Mode 1 0
SSR,
SIDR/SODR PE ORE FRE TDRF
Mode 1
DDR7*
11 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD REC RXE TXE MD1 MD0 CS2 CS1 CS0 BCH SCKE SOE
0
0
1
0
-
RIE TIE Set conversion data (during write)/store reception data (during read)
-
*
1
0
-
-
P74 P73 P72 P71 P70
: When UART0 is used, set the bit0 and bit2 of DDR7.
: Bit used
: Bit undefined
: Set to "1"
: Set to "0"
: Set "0" when pin input is used
427
CHAPTER 20 UART
■ Connection Between CPUs in Master/Slave Communication
Figure 20.5-10 shows the connection between CPUs in master/slave communication.
Figure 20.5-10 Connection Between CPUs in Master/Slave Communication
SOT0
SIN0
SOT
SIN
SOT
SIN
Master CPU
Slave CPU #0
428
Slave CPU #0
■ Function Selection
Table 20.5-5 lists settings for selecting the communication method in master/slave communication.
Table 20.5-5 Function Selection in Master/Slave Communication
Operation mode
Master
CPU
Slave CPU
Mode 1
-
Sending and reception of
addresses
Sending and reception of
data
Data
Parity
Synchronous
operation
Stop bit
AD = 1 + 8-bit address
None
Asynchronous
1 or 2 bits
AD = 0 + 8-bit address
■ Communication Procedure of Master/Slave Communication Function
Communication is started by the master CPU sending address data. Address data is data for which the AD
bit is "1"; the address is used to select the slave CPU that becomes the communication destination. Each
slave CPU interprets the address data by a program. If the address data matches the address assigned to the
system, communication (transfer of ordinary data) with the master CPU is established.
Figure 20.5-11 shows the procedure for communication using the master/slave communication function.
429
CHAPTER 20 UART
Figure 20.5-11 Procedure for Communication Using the Master/Slave Communication Function
(Master CPU)
Start
Set operation mode 1
The SIN pin is specified as serial data input
Specify one-byte data (address data)
for selecting the slave CPUs in D0 to D7,
and send data (AD = 1)
Set AD to "0"
Enable reception
operation
Communication
with slave CPUs
Communication
end?
NO
YES
Communications
with other slave
CPUs?
YES
Prohibit reception
operation
430
END
NO
20.6
Precautions on Using the UART
Notes the following points when using the UART.
■ Precautions on Using the UART
● Enabling operation
The serial control register (SCR) of the UART contains operation enable bits for enabling sending and
receiving, namely, TXE (sending) and RXE (reception).
By default (as initial value), both sending and receiving must be disabled. If required, the operation of
sending and reception is enabled.
● Communication mode setting
Set the communication mode while the UART is not in operation. Transmission and reception data cannot
be assured if the mode is changed during data transmission or reception.
● Synchronous mode
The clock synchronous mode (operation mode 2) of the UART uses a clock control (expanded I/O serial)
operation, and a start bit or stop bit is not added to data.
● Transmission data empty flag bit
By default (as initial value), the transmission data empty flag bit (TDRE of SSR) is set to "1" (no
transmission data, transmission data can be written). Therefore, when transmission interrupt requests are
enabled (TIE of SSR = 1), a transmission interrupt request will be triggered immediately. Be sure that the
sending data is available before setting the TIE flag to "1".
● Clock setting in synchronous transfer
•
Please do not use the following setting when the dedicated baud rate generator is used at the
synchronous transfer.
1) CS2 to CS0 = 000B
2) CS2 to CS0 = 001B, DIV3 to DIV0 = 0000B
•
Please do not use the following setting when the internal timer (PPG1) is used at the synchronous
transfer.
N = 1, n = 0
431
CHAPTER 20 UART
20.7
Program Example of UART
This section describes the program example of the UART.
■ Program Example of UART
Table 20.7-1 Program Example of UART
Example of setting procedure
Program example
Send data of 1 byte by UART.
Asynchronous normal mode
void Asynch_uart_sample(void)
{
INT_initial();
Asynch_uart_initial();
Uart_start();
}
<Initial setting>
void INT_initial(void)
{
IO_ICR11.byte = 0x10;
•Interrupt related
Set interrupt level
Set I flag
ICR11
(CCR)
__EI();
/* Set UART transmission completion interrupt level
(arbitrary value) */
/* Enable interrupt */
}
•Control UART
Set mode register
Register name. bit name
SMR
Set operation mode >>
.MD1,MD0
Set operation clock >>
.CS2 to CS0
Set SCK0 pin >>
Set SOT0 pin >>
void Asynch_uart_initial(void)
{
IO_SMR.byte = 0x19;
;
.SCKE
.SOE
SCR
Set control register
Set parity or no parity >>
Set even/odd parity >>
Set stop bit length
Set data length of one frame >>
Set data format of frame >>
Error flag >>
Set reception operation enable >>
Set transmission operation enable
>>
Control interrupt
Set transmission data
MD1,MD0 asynchronous normal mode */
/* bit5 to bit3 = 011B
CS2 to CS0 dedicated baud rate generator */
IO_SSR.bit.TIE = 1;
IO_SIDR = 0x0aa;
/* Send any value of data */
IO_SCR.byte = 0x10;
.TIE
/* bit7, bit6 = 00B
/* bit2 = 0
Undefined bit */
/* bit1 = 0
SCKE clock input pin */
/* bit0 = 1
SOE external pin */
/* Setting value =0001_0000 */
/* bit15 = 0
PEN no parity */
/* bit14 = 0
P even parity */
/* bit13 = 0
SBL 1 stop bit */
/* bit12 = 1
CL 8-bit data */
/* bit11 = 0
A/D data frame */
/* bit10 = 0
REC error flag clear */
/* bit9 = 0
RXE reception operation disable */
/* bit8 = 0
TXE transmission operation disable */
/* bit8 = 1
TIE transmission interrupt enable */
.PEN
.P
.SBL
.CL
.A/D
.REC
.RXE
.TXE
SSR
SIDR
/* Setting value =0001_1001 */
}
<Start>
void Uart_start(void)
•Start UART
Start UART0
transmission operation
Register name. bit name
SCR0
.TXE
<Interrupt>
•Transmission interrupt
processing
Send any data
Register name. bit name
SIDR
{
IO_SCR.bit.TXE = 1;
Enable TXE transmission operation */
__interrupt void uart_tx_int(void)
{
IO_SIDR = 0x0aa;
/* Send any value of data */
}
<Interrupt vector>
•Set vector table
#pragma intvect uart_tx_int 34
Note:
Setting related to clock and setting of __set_il (numeric value) are
required in advance. See "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT" and
"CHAPTER 6 CLOCKS".
Note:
432
/* bit8 = 1
}
For the description form of the register, see "SAMPLE I/O REGISTER FILES FOR F2MC-16LX
FAMILY MB90980 SERIES".
■ Setting Method Other than Program Example
● Combination that can be set
The combination is shown below.
Table 20.7-2 Combination that can be Set
Operation mode
(MD[1:0])
Data
length
(CL)
7bits
(0)
0
Asynchronousnormal mode (00B)
2
Not provided
(0)
--
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Even (0)
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Odd (1)
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
--
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Even (0)
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Odd (1)
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Address (1)
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Address (0)
1bit
(0)
2bits
(1)
Data format
(A/D)
Provided
(1)
Selection of
STOP bit length
(SBL) *
-Not provided
(0)
8bits
(1)
1
Parity (PEN)
Parity
selection
(P)
Provided
(1)
--
Asynchronousmultiprocessor
mode (01B)
8bits
(1)
CLK synchronous
mode (10B)
8bits
(1)
Not provided
(0)
Not provided
(0)
--
--
--
Presence or absence of error flags
Overrun
(ORE)
Framing
(FRE)
Parity
(PE)
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
--
❍
--
--
*: STOP bit can be selected only at transmission. First bit is detected only at reception (second bit is ignored).
● Method to select operation modes
Set by the operation mode bits (SMR.MOD[1:0])
Table 20.7-3 Method to Select Operation Mode
Operation mode
Operation mode bit (MOD[1:0])
Mode 0
Asynchronous-normal mode
Set to "00B"
Mode 1
Asynchronous-multiprocessor mode
Set to "01B"
Mode 2
CLK synchronous mode
Set to "10B"
-----
Setting "11B" is disabled.
433
CHAPTER 20 UART
● Type of operation clock and selection method
Set by the operation clock select bit (SMR.CS[2:0]).
Table 20.7-4 Type of Operation Clock and Selection Method
Clock input
Operation clock select bits (CS[2:0])
Dedicated baud rate generator
Set to "000B" to "101B"
To select internal clock
Set to "110B"
To select external clock
Set to "111B"
● Method to control SCK, SIN and SOT pins
Set as follows.
Table 20.7-5 Method to Control SCK, SIN and SOT Pins
UART register
To input SCK pin
DDR7.P72 = 0
SMR.SCKE = 0
To output SCK pin
SMR.SCKE = 1
To input SIN pin
DDR7.P70 = 0
To output SOT pin
SMR.SOE = 1
● Method to enable/stop UART operation
Set by the reception control bit (SCR.RXE).
Table 20.7-6 Method to Enable/Stop UART Reception Operation
Content of control
Reception control bit (RXE)
To disable reception operation (stop)
Set to "0"
To enable reception operation
Set to "1"
Set by the transmission control bit (SCR.TXE).
Table 20.7-7 Method to Enable/Stop UART Transmission Operation
434
Content of control
Transmission control bit (TXE)
To disable transmission operation (stop)
Set to "0"
To enable transmission operation
Set to "1"
● Method to set parity
Set by the parity setting bit (SCR.PEN) and parity select bit (SCR.P).
Table 20.7-8 Method to Set Parity
Operation
Parity setting bit, parity select bit (PEN, P)
Set to "00B" or "01B"
To set no parity
To set to even parity
Set to "10B"
To set to odd parity
Set to "11B"
● Method to set data length
Set by the data length select bit (SCR.CL).
Table 20.7-9 Method to Set Data Length
Operation
Data length select bit (CL)
To set to 7-bit length
Set to "0"
To set to 8-bit length
Set to "1"
● Method to select STOP bit length
Set by the STOP bit length select bit (SCR, SBL).
Table 20.7-10 Method to Select STOP Bit Length
Operation
Stop bit length select bit (SBL)
To set STOP bit to 1 bit
Set to "0"
To set STOP bit to 2 bits
Set to "1"
● Method to clear error flag
Set by the error flag clear bit (SCR.REC).
Table 20.7-11 Method to Clear Error Flag
Content of control
To clear error flag (PE, OFE, PRE)
Error flag clear bit (REC)
Write "0"
435
CHAPTER 20 UART
● Method to set transfer direction
Set by the setting direction selection bit (SSR.BDS).
The transfer direction of LSB/MSB can be selected from any operation mode.
Table 20.7-12 Method to Set Transfer Direction
Content of control
Setting direction selection bit (BDS)
To set LSB transfer (from least significant bit)
Set to "0"
To set MSB transfer (from most significant bit)
Set to "1"
● Method to clear reception completion flag
Perform in the following method.
Table 20.7-13 Method to Clear Reception Completion Flag
Content of control
Serial input register (SIDR)
To clear reception completion flag
Read SIDR register
Reading the SIDR register for the first time starts the reception.
● Type of error flag and meaning
There are three error flags, and they have meaning as follows.
Table 20.7-14 Type of Error Flag and Meaning
Error flag
Parity error (PE)
Meaning
Error is found in the received value (numeric value).
Overrun error (ORE)
Next data is received before the reception data is read.
Framing error (FRE)
Error is found in format of the received data.
● Storage register of reception data
The reception data is stored in the serial input register (SIDR).
● Status confirm method of write timing of transmission data
The transmission data can be checked by the transmission buffer empty flag (SSR.TDRE).
● Write register of transmission data
The transmission data is written to the serial output register (SODR).
436
● Method to clear the transmission buffer empty flag
Perform in the following method.
Table 20.7-15 Method to Clear Transmission Buffer Empty Flag
Content of control
Serial output register (SODR)
To clear transmission buffer empty flag
Write to SODR register
Writing to the SODR register for the first time starts the transmission.
● Method to select data format (address/data)
Set by the data length select bit (SCR.AD) .
Table 20.7-16 Method to Select Data Format (Address/Data)
Operation
Data length select bit (AD)
To set 8-bit to data ("L" level)
Set to "0"
To set 8-bit to address ("H" level)
Set to "1"
It is valid only at the transmission. AD bit is ignored at the reception.
● Method to start reception/transmission
Perform in the following method.
• Mode 0/1, transmission: 1. Enable the transmission operation.
2.Write data to the serial output register (SODR).
( = start transmission)
• Mode 0/1, reception:
1. Enable reception.
2. Read the serial input register (SIDR).
(Dummy read = start reception)
• Mode 2, transmission/
1. Enable transmission. (Enabling reception can be omitted.)
reception:
2. Write data to the serial output register (SODR).
( = start transmission/reception)
(It is necessary to write to the serial output register (SODR) only in the
reception operation.)
● Operation stop and state
• Mode 0/1, transmission:
When the transmission operation is disabled, last transmission data
is transmitted after the transmission buffer is empty. Thus, the
operation is stopped after the STOP bit is transmitted.
• Mode 0/1, reception:
After the currently received data is completed (after reception of
STOP bit) when the reception operation is disabled, the reception
data is transferred from shifter to register and then the operation is
stopped.
• Mode 2, transmission/reception:
When both reception and transmission operations are disabled, the
operation is stopped after data to be transmitted/received is
completed and then the reception data is transferred from shifter to
register.
437
CHAPTER 20 UART
● Method to check completion of operation
Perform in the following method.
• Mode 0/1, transmission:
Check the SSR register empty flag after next transmission data is
written. (completion can be checked when next transmission data is
transferred from register to shifter and the empty flag in the serial
output register is set to "1".)
• Mode 0/1, reception:
Check register full flag. (Completion can be checked when the full
flag in the serial input register is set to "1".)
• Mode 2, transmission/reception:
Check register full flag. (Completion can be checked when the full
flag in the serial input register is set to "1".)
● Method to set baud rate
See Section "20.5 UART Operations".
● Interrupt related register
The relationship between the UART interrupt vector and UART interrupt level setting register is shown in
the following table.
For details of the interrupt level and interrupt vector, see "CHAPTER 4 INTERRUPT".
Table 20.7-17 Relationship Between UART Interrupt Vector and UART Interrupt Level
Setting Register
UART
reception
UART
transmission
Interrupt vector
Interrupt level setting bit
#36
Address: 0FFFF6CH
Interrupt control register 12 (ICR12)
Address: 000BCH
#34
Address: 0FFFF74H
Interrupt control register 11 (ICR11)
Address: 000BBH
● Type of interrupt
4 interrupt sources are provided at reception side and one at transmission side.
Table 20.7-18 Type of Interrupt
Type of Interrupt
UART
reception
UART
transmission
438
The interrupt request occurs due to the sources that occurred first among reception
completion (serial input register full), parity error, overrun error, and framing error.
The interrupt request occurs at the transmission buffer empty.
● Method to enable/disable/clear interrupt
Enabling/disabling interrupt is set by the interrupt request enable bit (SSR.RIE, SSR.TIE).
Table 20.7-19 Method to Enable/Disable Interrupt
UART reception
UART transmission
Interrupt request enable bit
(RIE)
Interrupt request enable bit
(TIE)
To disable interrupt request
Set to "0"
To enable interrupt request
Set to "1"
The interrupt request is cleared in the following method.
Table 20.7-20 Method to Clear Interrupt Request
UART reception
To clear interrupt
request
UART transmission
The reception completion flag (RDRF) is
set to "0" by reading the serial input
register (SIDR).
The transmission buffer empty flag (TDRE) is
set to "0" when data is written to the serial
output register (SODR).
The error flag (PE, ORE, FRE) is set to "0"
when "0" is written to the error flag clear
bit (REC).
-
439
CHAPTER 20 UART
440
CHAPTER 21
ADDRESS MATCH
DETECTION FUNCTION
This chapter explains the overview of the address match
detection function, its block diagram, configuration of its
register, its operation, and its sample program.
21.1 Overview of Address Match Detection Function
21.2 Block Diagram of Address Match Detection Function
21.3 Configuration of Registers for Address Match Detection Function
21.4 Explanation of Operation of Address Match Detection Function
21.5 Program Example of Address Match Detection Function
441
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
21.1
Overview of Address Match Detection Function
If the address of the instruction to be processed next to the instruction currently
processed by the program matches the address set in the program address detection
registers, the address match detection function forcibly replaces the next instruction to
be processed by the program with the INT9 instruction to branch to the interrupt
processing program. Since the address match detection function can use the INT9
interrupt, the program can be corrected by patch processing.
■ Overview of Address Match Detection Function
There are two program address detection registers (PADR0 and PADR1), each of which has an interrupt
enable bit. The generation of an interrupt due to a match between the address held in the address latch and
the address set in the detection address setting registers can be enabled and disabled for each register.
442
21.2
Block Diagram of Address Match Detection Function
The address match detection module consists of the following blocks:
• Address latch
• Program address detection control status register (PACSR)
• Program address detection registers (RADR)
■ Block Diagram of Address Match Detection Function
Figure 21.2-1 shows the block diagram of the address match detection function.
Figure 21.2-1 Block Diagram of the Address Match Detection Function
PADR0 (24 bits)
Program address detection register 0
PADR1 (24 bits)
Comparator
Internal data bus
Address latch
INT9 instruction
(INT9 interrupt
generation)
Program address detection register 1
PACSR
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved ADE1 Reserved ADE0 Reserved
Program address detection control status register (PACSR)
Reserved: Always set to "0"
● Address latch
The address latch stores the value of the address output to the internal data bus.
● Program address detection control status register (PACSR)
The program address detection control status register enables or disables output of an interrupt at an
address match.
● Program address detection registers (PADR0, PADR1)
The program address detection registers set the address that is compared with the value of the address latch.
Note:
The addresses of the program address detection register are 1FF0H to 1FF5H and are overlapped
with the RAM area. Therefore, the access to the RAM area should not be performed during the use
of this function.
443
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
21.3
Configuration of Registers for Address Match Detection
Function
This section details the registers used by the address match detection function.
■ List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match Detection Function
Figure 21.3-1 List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match Detection Function
Program address detection control status register (PACSR)
Address:
00009EH
bit7
bit6
bit5
Reserved Reserved Reserved
bit4
Reserved
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
ADE1
Reserved
ADE0
Reserved
Initial value
0 0 0 0 0 0 00B
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Program address detection register 0 (PADR0):Upper
Address:
001FF2H
bit7
bit6
D23 D22
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
D21
D20 D19 D18
D17
D16
X X X X X X XXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Program address detection register 0 (PADR0):Middle
Address:
001FF1H
bit15
bit14
D15 D14
bit13 bit12
bit11
D13
D11 D10
D12
bit10
bit9
D9
bit8
D8
X X X X X X XXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Program address detection register 0 (PADR0):Lower
Address:
001FF0H
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
X X X X X X XXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Program address detection register 1 (PADR1):Upper
Address:
001FF5H
bit7
bit6
D23 D22
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
D21
D20 D19 D18
D17
D16
X X X X X X XXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Program address detection register 1 (PADR1):Middle
Address:
001FF4H
bit15
bit14
D15 D14
bit13 bit12
bit11
bit10
bit9
bit8
D13
D11 D10
D9
D8
D12
X X X X X X XXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Program address detection register 1 (PADR1):Lower
Address:
001FF3H
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
X:
Undefined
444
X X X X X X XXB
21.3.1
Program Address Detection Control Status Register
(PACSR)
The program address detection control status register (PACSR) enables or disables
output of an interrupt at an address match. If an address match is detected when output
of an interrupt at an address match is enabled, the INT9 interrupt is generated.
■ Program Address Detection Control Status Register (PACSR)
Figure 21.3-2 Program Address Detection Control Status Register (PACSR)
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
00000000B
Address
009EH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit 0
Reserved bit
Reserved
0
Always set to "0"
bit 1
Address match detection enable bit 0
ADE0
0
Disables address match detection in PADR0
1
Enables address match detection in PADR0
bit 2
Reserved bit
Reserved
0
Always set to "0"
bit 3
Address match detection enable bit 1
ADE1
0
Disables address match detection in PADR1
1
Enables address match detection in PADR1
bit 4
Reserved bit
Reserved
0
Always set to "0"
bit 5
Reserved bit
Reserved
0
Always set to "0"
bit 6
Reserved bit
Reserved
0
Always set to "0"
bit 7
Reserved bit
Reserved
R/W : Readable/Writable
: Initial value
0
Always set to "0"
445
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
Table 21.3-1 Functions of Program Address Detection Control Status Register (PACSR)
Bit Name
bit7
to
bit4
Function
Reserved: reserved bits
Always set to "0".
bit3
ADE1:
Address match
detection enable bit 1
The address match detection operation with the program address detection register 1
(PADR1) is enabled or disabled.
When set to "0": Disables the address match detection operation.
When set to "1": Enables the address match detection operation.
• When the value of program address detection registers 1 (PADR1) matches with the
value of address latch at enabling the address match detection operation (AD1E = 1),
the INT9 instruction is immediately executed.
bit2
Reserved: reserved bit
Always set to "0".
bit1
ADE0:
Address match
detection enable bit 0
The address match detection operation with the program address detection register 0
(PADR0) is enabled or disabled.
When set to "0": Disables the address match detection operation.
When set to "1": Enables the address match detection operation.
• When the value of program address detection register 0 (PADR0) matches with the
value of address latch at enabling the address match detection operation (AD0E = 1),
the INT9 instruction is immediately executed.
bit0
Reserved: reserved bit
Always set to "0".
446
21.3.2
Program Address Detection Registers (PADR0, PADR1)
The value of an address to be detected is set in the program address detection
registers. When the address of the instruction processed by the program matches the
address set in the program address detection registers, the next instruction is forcibly
replaced by the INT9 instruction, and the interrupt processing program is executed.
■ Program Address Detection Registers (PADR0, PADR1)
Figure 21.3-3 Program Address Detection Registers (PADR0, PADR1)
PADR0, PADR1: High
Address 001FF2H, 001FF5H
bit 7 bit 6 bit 5
bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
Initial value
D23
D20 D19
XXXXXXXXB
D22
D21
D18
D17
D16
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit 15 bit 14 bit 13 bit 12 bit 11 bit 10 bit 9 bit 8
PADR0, PADR1: Middle
Address 001FF1H, 001FF4H
D15
D14
D13
D12 D11
D10
D9
D8
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit 7 bit 6 b i t 5 b i t 4 b i t 3 b i t 2 bit 1 bit 0
PADR0, PADR1: Low
Address 001FF0H, 001FF3H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W : Readable/Writable
X
: Undefined
447
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
■ Functions of Program Address Detection Registers (PADR0 and PADR1)
There are two program address detection registers (PADR0 and PADR1) that consist of a high byte, middle
byte, and low byte, totaling 24 bits.
Table 21.3-2 Address Setting of Program Address Detection Registers
Register Name
Program address
detection
register 0 (PADR0)
Program address
detection
register 1 (PADR1)
Interrupt Output
Enable
Address Setting
High
PACSR: ADE0
PACSR: ADE1
Set the upper 8 bits of program address 0 (bank).
Middle
Set the middle 8 bits of program address 0.
Low
Set the lower 8 bits of program address 0.
High
Set the upper 8 bits of program address 1 (bank).
Middle
Set the middle 8 bits of program address 1.
Low
Set the lower 8 bits of program address 1.
In the program address detection registers (PADR0 and PADR1), starting address (first byte) of instruction
to be replaced by INT9 instruction should be set.
Figure 21.3-4 Setting of Starting Address of Instruction Code to be Replaced by INT9 Instruction
Set to detection address (High : FFH, Middle : 00H, Low : 1FH)
Address
Instruction code
FF001C :
FF001F :
FF0022 :
A8 00 00
4A 00 00
4A 80 08
Mnemonic
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, #0000
A, #0000
A,#0880
Notes
• :When an address of other than the first byte is set to the program address detection registers
(PADR0 and PADR1), the instruction code is not replaced by INT9 instruction and a program of
an interrupt processing is not performed. When the address is set to the second byte or
subsequent, the address set by the instruction code is replaced by "01H" (INT9 instruction code)
and, which may cause malfunction.
• The program address detection registers (PADR0 and PADR1) should be set after disabling the
address match detection (PACSR: ADE0: bit1 = 0 or ADE1: bit3 = 0) of corresponding program
address detection control status registers. If the program address detection registers are changed
without disabling the address match detection, the address match detection function will work
immediately after an address match occurs during writing address, which may cause malfunction.
• The address match detection function can be used only for addresses of the internal ROM area. If
addresses of the external memory area are set, the address match detection function will not work
and the INT9 instruction will not be executed.
448
21.4
Explanation of Operation of Address Match Detection
Function
If the addresses of the instructions executed in the program match those set in the
program address detection registers (PADR0 and PADR1), the address match detection
function will replace the first instruction code executed by CPU with the INT9
instruction (01H) to branch to the interrupt processing program.
■ Operation of Address Match Detection Function
Figure 21.4-1 shows the operation of the address match detection function.
Figure 21.4-1 Operation of Address Match Detection Function
Program execution
Address
FF001C :
The instruction address to be
FF001F :
executed by program matches
program address detection register 0(H, M, L) FF0022 :
Instruction code
A8 00 00
4A 00 00
4A 80 08
Mnemonic
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, #0000
A, #0000
A, #0880
Replaced by INT9 instruction (01H)
■ Setting Detection Address
Disable the program address detection register 0 (PADR0) where the detect address is set for address match
detection (PACSR: ADE0: bit1 = 0).
Set the detected address in the program address detection register 0 (PADR0). Set "FFH" at the higher bits
of the program address detection register 0 (PADR0), "00H" at the middle bits, and "1FH" at the lower bits.
Enable the program address detection register 0 (PADR0) where the detection address is set for address
match detection (PACSR: ADE0: bit1 = 1).
■ Program Execution
If the address of the instruction to be executed in the program matches the set detect address, the first
instruction code at the matched address is replaced by the INT9 instruction code (01H).
When the INT9 instruction is executed, INT9 interrupt is generated and then interrupt processing program
is executed.
449
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
21.4.1
Example of using Address Match Detection Function
This section gives an example of patch processing for program correction using the
address match detection function.
■ System Configuration and E2PROM Memory Map
● System configuration
Figure 21.4-2 gives an example of the system configuration using the address match detection function.
Figure 21.4-2 Example of System Configuration Using Address Match Detection Function
Serial E2PROM
interface
MCU
E2PROM
Storing patch program
MB90980
series
SIN0
450
■ E2PROM Memory Map
Figure 21.4-3 shows the allocation of E2PROM patch program and data.
Figure 21.4-3 Allocation of E2PROM Patch Program and Data
E2PROM
Address
PADR0
PADR1
0000H
Patch program byte count
0001H
Detection address 0 (Low)
0002H
Detection address 0 (Middle)
0003H
Detection address 0 (High)
0004H
Patch program byte count
0005H
Detection address 1 (Low)
0006H
Detection address 1 (Middle)
0007H
Detection address 1 (High)
0010H
Patch program 0
(main body)
0020H
Patch program 1
(main body)
For patch program 0
For patch program 1
● Patch program byte count
The total byte count of the patch program (main body) is stored. If the byte count is "00H", it indicates that
no patch program is provided.
● Detection address (24 bits)
The address where the instruction code is replaced by the INT9 instruction code due to program error is
stored. This address is set in the program address detection registers (PADR0 and PADR1).
● Patch program (main body)
The program executed by the INT9 interrupt processing when the program address matches the detect
address is stored. Patch program 0 is allocated from any predetermined address. Patch program 1 is
allocated from the address indicating <starting address of patch program 0 + total byte count of patch
program 0>.
451
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
■ Setting and Operating State
● Initialization
E2PROM data are all cleared to "00H".
● Occurrence of program error
By using the connector (UART), information about the patch program is transmitted to the MCU
(MB90980) from the outside according to the allocation of the E2PROM patch program and data.
The MCU (MB90980) stores the information received from outside in the E2PROM.
● Reset sequence
After reset, the MCU (MB90980) reads the byte count of the E2PROM patch program to check the
presence or absence of the correction program.
If the byte count of the patch program is not "00H", the higher, middle and lower bits at detection addresses
0 and 1 are read and set in the program address detection registers 0 and 1 (PADR0 and PADR1). The
patch program (main body) is read according to the byte count of the patch program and written to RAM in
the MCU (MB90980).
The patch program (main body) is allocated to the address where the patch program is executed in the INT9
interrupt processing by the address match detection function.
Address match detection is enabled (PACSR: ADE0: bit1 = 1, ADE1: bit3 = 1).
● INT9 Interrupt processing
Interrupt processing is performed by the INT9 instruction. The MB90980 series has no interrupt request
flag by address match detection. Therefore, if the stack information in the program counter is discarded, the
detect address cannot be checked. When checking the detect address, check the value of program counter
stacked in the interrupt processing routine.
The patch program is executed, branching to the normal program.
452
■ Operation of Address Match Detection Function at Storing Patch Program in E2PROM
Figure 21.4-4 shows the operation of the address match detection function at storing the patch program in
E2PROM.
Figure 21.4-4 Operation of Address Match Detection Function at Storing Patch Program in E2PROM
000000H
(3)
Patch program
RAM
Program address detection register
E2PROM
(1)
Detection address setting
(reset sequence)
Serial E2PROM
interface
. Patch program byte count
. Address for address detection
. Patch program
ROM
(2)
(4)
Program error
FFFFFFH
(1) Execution for detection address setting of reset sequence and normal program
(2) Branch to patch program which expanded in RAM with INT9 interrupt processing by address match detection
(3) Patch program execution by branching of INT9 processing
(4) Execution of normal program which branches from patch program
453
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
■ Flow of Program Patch Processing
Figure 21.4-5 shows the flow of the program patch processing.
Figure 21.4-5 Flow of Program Patch Processing
0000H
E2PROM
Patch program byte count : 80H
0001H
Detect address (Low) : 00H
0002H
Detect address (Middle) : 80H
0003H
Detect address (High) : FFH
MB90980 series
000000H
I/O area
000100H
Register/RAM area
000400H
Patch program
000480H
RAM area
RAM
Stack area
000900H
0010H
Patch program
Program address detection register
0090H
FFFFH
FF0000H
FF8000H
ROM
Program error
FF8050H
FFFFFFH
YES
Reset
INT9
Read 00H
of E2PROM
Branch to patch program
JMP 000400H
Execution of patch program
000400H to 000480H
E2PROM : 0000H
=0
NO
End of patch program
JMP FF8050H
Read detection address
E2PROM : 0001H to 0003H
↓ MOV
MCU : Set to PADR0
Read patch program
E2PROM : 0010H to 008FH
↓
MCU : 000400H to 00047FH
Enable address match detection
(PACSR : ADE0 = 1)
Execution of normal
program
NO
454
Program address
PC = PADR0
YES
INT9
21.5
Program Example of Address Match Detection Function
This section gives a program example for the address match detection function.
■ Program Example for Address Match Detection Function
● Processing specifications
If the address of the instruction to be executed by the program matches the address set in the program
address detection register (PADR0), the INT9 instruction is executed.
● Coding example
PACSR
EQU 00009EH
; Program address detection control status register
PADRL
EQU 000001H
; Program address detection register 0 (Low)
PADRM
EQU 000002H
; Program address detection register 0 (Middle)
PADRH
EQU 000003H
; Program address detection register 0 (High)
;
;-----Main program--------------------------------------------------------------CODE
CSEG
START:
; Stack pointer (SP), etc.,
; already initialized
MOV PADRL,#00H
; Set Program address detection register 0 (Low)
MOV PADRM,#00H
; Set Program address detection register 0 (Middle)
MOV PADRH,#00H
; Set Program address detection register 0 (High)
;
MOV I:PACSR,#00000010B ; Enable address match detection
:
processing by user
:
LOOP:
:
processing by user
:
BAR LOOP
;-----Interrupt program---------------------------------------------------------WARI:
:
processing by user
:
RETI
; Return from interrupt processing
CODE
ENDS
;-----Vector setting------------------------------------------------------------VECT
CSEG ABS=0FFH
ORG 00FFDCH
; Set reset vector
DSL START
DB
00H
; Set to single-chip mode
VECT
ENDS
END START
455
CHAPTER 21 ADDRESS MATCH DETECTION FUNCTION
456
CHAPTER 22
ROM MIRROR FUNCTION
SELECTION MODULE
This chapter describes the overview of the ROM mirror
function selection module and its register.
22.1 Overview of ROM Mirror Function Selection Module
22.2 ROM Mirror Function Selection Register (ROMM)
457
CHAPTER 22 ROM MIRROR FUNCTION SELECTION MODULE
22.1
Overview of ROM Mirror Function Selection Module
The ROM mirror function selection module is set to read the ROM data arranged in FF
bank with access to 00 bank.
■ Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection Module
Figure 22.1-1 shows a block diagram of the ROM mirror function selection module.
Figure 22.1-1 Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection Module
F2MC-16LX bus
ROM mirror function selection
Address area
Address
Data
FF bank
00 bank
ROM
■ Registers of the ROM Mirror Function Selection Module
The following diagram shows the ROM mirror function selection register (ROMM).
Figure 22.1-2 ROM Mirror Function Selection Register (ROMM)
ROMM
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
00006FH
R/W: Readable/writable
458
bit9
MS
R/W
bit8
MI
R/W
Initial value
------01B
22.2
ROM Mirror Function Selection Register (ROMM)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the ROM mirror function
selection register (ROMM).
■ ROMM (ROM Mirror Function Selection Register)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the ROM mirror function selection register (ROMM).
Figure 22.2-1 Bit Configuration of ROM Mirror Function Selection Register (ROMM)
ROMM
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
00006FH
-
bit9
MS
R/W
bit8
MI
R/W
Initial value
------01B
R/W: Readable/writable
[bit9] MS
This bit selects the ROM mirror area.
•
1: The ROM mirror area is 32 K bytes (008000H to 00FFFFH).
•
0: The ROM mirror area is 48 K bytes (004000H to 00FFFFH).
[bit8] MI
This bit sets whether to enable or disable the ROM mirror function.
•
1: Enable the mirror function.
•
0: Disable the mirror function.
Notes:
• Do not access this register during accesses to address 004000H to 00FFFFH (008000H to
00FFFFH).
• If the ROM mirror function is started, addresses FF4000H to FFFFFFH (FF8000H to FFFFFFH) are
mirrored at addresses 004000H to 00FFFFH (008000H to 00FFFFH) in 00 bank. ROM addresses
of FF3FFFH (FF7FFFH) or below are not mirrored in Bank 00 even if the ROM mirror function is
enabled.
459
CHAPTER 22 ROM MIRROR FUNCTION SELECTION MODULE
460
CHAPTER 23
1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
This chapter describes the functions and operations of
the 1.5M bit flash memory.
The following three operations are available for writing
data to or erasing data from flash memory.
• Writing/erasing via the program
• Writing via a serial programmer
• Writing a flash memory programmer
This chapter will explain the operations for writing/
erasing via the program and writing via a serial
programmer.
23.1 Overview of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory
23.2 Sector Configuration of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory
23.3 Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS)
23.4 Method for Starting the Flash Memory's Automatic Algorithm
23.5 Verifying the Execution State of the Automatic Algorithm
23.6 Flash Memory Write/Erase Operations
461
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.1
Overview of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory
The 1.5M bit flash memory is mapped to the FC to FF bank (memory cells from FC0000H
to FC7FFFH and FE0000H to FE7FFFH) in the CPU memory map.
The functions of the flash memory interface circuit enable read-access and program access from the CPU in the same way as mask ROM. Writing data to flash memory and
erasing data from flash memory is enabled with instructions from the CPU via the flash
memory interface circuit. Thus, the contents of the flash memory can be rewritten in
implementation mode under control from built-in CPU, enabling the efficient tuning of
programs and data.
Selector operations, such as enable sector protect, are not available.
■ Features of the 1.5M Bit Flash Memory
The 1.5M bit flash memory has the following features:
•
192K words x 8 bits/96K words x 16 bits (16K + 8K + 8K + 32K + 32K + 64K + 32K) sector
configuration
•
Automatic program algorithm (Embedded Algorithm*, which is the same as that for the
MBM29F400TA)
•
Built-in erasure suspend/erasure resume functions
•
Detection of completion for write/erase operations using data polling and a toggle bit
•
Detection of completion for write/erase operations using CPU interrupts
•
Compatibility with JEDEC-standard commands
•
Sector-level erasure is available (any combination of sectors is allowed)
•
Minimum write/erase count: up to 10,000
*: Embedded Algorithm is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
■ Methods for Writing/Erasing Flash Memory
Flash memory cannot be written and read at the same time. Write/erase operations of programs operating
on flash memory must therefore be implemented in the following steps: Data must first be copied to RAM,
then the program operates on the RAM data, and finally the result is written back to flash memory. In other
words, program execution of flash memory must be performed without read accesses.
462
■ Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS)
The following diagram shows the bit configuration of the flash memory control status register (FMCS)
used by the flash memory.
Figure 23.1-1 Bit Configuration of Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS) Used by Flash Memory
Flash memory control status register (FMCS)
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
Address:
0000AEH INTE RDYINT WE RDY Reserved LPM1 Reserved LPM0
R/W
R/W
R/W
W
W
R/W
W
Initial value
000X0000B
R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
W:
Write only
463
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.2
Sector Configuration of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory
This section describes the sector configuration of the 1.5M bit flash memory.
■ Sector Configuration
Figure 23.2-1 shows the sector configuration of the 1.5M bit flash memory. The addresses in the figure
indicate the upper and lower addresses of each sector.
In accesses from the CPU, SA0 is allocated in the FC bank register, SA1 is allocated in the FD bank
register, SA2 is allocated in the FE bank register, and SA3 to SA6 are allocated in the FF bank register.
Figure 23.2-1 Sector Configuration of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory
Flash memory
CPU address
FFFFFFH
*Writer address
3FFFFH
FFC000H
FFBFFFH
3C000H
3BFFFH
FFA000H
FF9FFFH
3A000H
39FFFH
FF8000H
FF7FFFH
38000H
37FFFH
FF0000H
FEFFFFH
30000H
2FFFFH
FE8000H
FE7FFFH
28000H
27FFFH
FE0000H
FDFFFFH
20000H
1FFFFH
FD0000H
FCFFFFH
10000H
0FFFFH
FC8000H
FC7FFFH
08000H
07FFFH
FC0000H
00000H
SA6 (16K bytes)
SA5 ( 8K bytes)
SA4 ( 8K bytes)
SA3 (32K bytes)
SA2 (32K bytes)
unused
SA1 (64K bytes)
SA0 (32K bytes)
unused
● Writer address
The writer address shown in Figure 23.2-1 is the address corresponding to the CPU address when data is
written to the flash memory with a parallel programmer. When using a general-purpose programmer for
write/erase operations, this address is used for write/erase operations.
464
23.3
Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS)
The flash memory control status register (FMCS) is used for write/erase operations on
flash memory via the registers in the flash memory interface circuit.
■ Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the flash memory control status register (FMCS).
Figure 23.3-1 Bit Configuration of Flash Memory Control Status Register (FMCS)
Flash memory control status register (FMCS)
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
Address:
0000AEH INTE RDYINT WE RDY Reserved LPM1 Reserved LPM0
R/W
R/W
R/W
W
W
R/W
W
Initial value
000X0000B
R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
W:
Write only
The bits in the flash memory control status register (FMCS) have the following functions.
[bit7] INTE: INTerrupt Enable
This bit is used to enable or disable an interrupt request to the CPU due to the end of a flash memory
write/erase access.
If the INTE bit is set to "1" and the RDYINT bit is set to "1", an interrupt is issued to the CPU. If the
INTE bit is set to "0", no interrupt is issued.
INTE
Operation
0
Interrupt at the end of write/erase operations prohibited
1
Interrupt at the end of write/erase operations allowed
[bit6] RDYINT: ReaDY INTerrupt
This bit indicates the operation state of the flash memory.
At the end of a flash memory write/erase operation, this bit is normally set to "1". When this bit remains
"0" after the end of a flash memory write/erase operation, further flash memory write/erase operations
are not allowed. Only after this bit has been set to "1" at the end of the write/erase operations, the next
write/erase operation for flash memory is allowed.
This bit is cleared by writing "0". Writing "1" has no effect. This bit is set to "1" according to the end
timing of the flash memory automatic algorithm (Refer to Section "23.4 Method for Starting the Flash
Memory's Automatic Algorithm"). Read-modify-write (RMW) instructions always read "1" for this bit.
RDYINT
Operation
0
Write/erase operation in progress
1
End of write/erase operation (interrupt request generation)
465
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
[bit5] WE: Write Enable
This bit is a write-enable bit for the flash memory area.
If this bit is "1", a command sequence that targets banks FC to FF (refer to Section "23.4 Method for
Starting the Flash Memory's Automatic Algorithm") will result in a write operation in the flash memory
area. If this bit is "0", no write/erase signals are generated. This bit is used for initiating write/erase
commands with respect to the flash memory.
In order to prevent accidental writing of any data to the flash memory, Fujitsu recommends always
setting this bit to "0" whenever no write/erase operations are to be executed.
WE
Operation
0
Flash memory write/erase prohibited
1
Flash memory write/erase allowed
[bit4] RDY: ReadDY
This bit is used to allow flash memory write/erase operations to be performed.
If this bit is "0", write/erase operations with respect to the flash memory are not allowed. However, the
command of read/reset and sector erase suspend can be accepted in this state.
RDY
Operation
0
Write/erase operation in progress
1
End of write/erase operation (next data write/erase operation is enabled)
[bit3] Reserve bit
This bit is reserved. Always set this bit to "0" for ordinary use.
[bit1] Unused bit
This bit is unused. Always set this bit to "0" for ordinary use.
466
[bit2, bit0] LPM1, LPM0: Low Power Mode
These bits are used to control flash memory power consumption. If these bits are set to "00B", flash
memory operations are performed normally. If these bits are set to "01B", "10B" or "11B", however,
access to flash memory according to the select signal will be performed in low power consumption
mode. In this case, access time increases significantly compared to access with LPM = 00B, and
memory access will be disabled during high-speed operation of the CPU. To use this mode, use a CPU
with a frequency 4 MHz, 8 MHz, or 10 MHz.
LPM1 LPM0
Power consumption mode
0
0
Normal power consumption mode
0
1
Power saving mode
(operation with an internal operation frequency of 4MHz or less)
1
0
Power saving mode
(operation with an internal operation frequency of 8MHz or less)
1
1
Power saving mode
(operation with an internal operation frequency of 10MHz or less)
Note:
For a CPU operation frequency of 10 MHz or higher, always use normal mode.
467
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
■ End Timing of the Automatic Algorithm
Figure 23.3-2 shows the relationship among the end timing of the automatic algorithm, the RDYINT bit,
and the RDY bit.
The RDYINT bit and RDY bit do not change at the same time. Write programs so as to determine the end
of automatic algorithm using either of one bit.
Figure 23.3-2 Relationship Among Automatic Algorithm End Timing, RDYINT Bit and RDY Bit
End timing of the
automatic algorithm
RDYINT bit
RDY bit
One machine cycle
■ Precaution on Using Sub Clock Mode
When the sub clock mode is used, the low-power consumption mode selection bits (LPM1, LPM0) of the
flash memory control status register (address AEH: FMCS register) must be set to select other than the
normal power consumption mode (LPM1, LPM0 = 0, 0), as shown in Table 23.3-1. Therefore, when the
device is operating at an internal clock frequency above 10 MHz, the mode cannot be changed to sub clock
mode.
Table 23.3-1 Low-Power Consumption Mode Selection Bits
Low-power consumption mode selection bits
LPM1
LPM0
Low-power consumption mode
468
Setting in sub clock mode
0
0
Normal power consumption mode
0
1
Low-power consumption mode at internal clock frequency
of 4 MHz or less
setting allowed
1
0
Low-power consumption mode at internal clock frequency
of 8 MHz or less
setting allowed
1
1
Low-power consumption mode at internal clock frequency
of 10 MHz or less
setting allowed
setting prohibited
■ Setting Sub Clock Mode
If the sub clock mode is used, the following settings are required:
● If sub clock mode is used at an internal clock frequency of 10 MHz or less
To use the sub clock mode, change the low-power consumption mode selection bits (LPM1, LPM0) of the
flash memory control status register to other than 0, 0 at initialization. Figure 23.3-3 shows a flowchart
example in which sub clock mode is used at an internal clock frequency of 10 MHz or less.
Figure 23.3-3 Flowchart Example in which Sub Clock Mode is Used at
an Internal Clock Frequency of 10 MHz or Less
START
Set low-power consumption mode
Set FMCS register
LPM1, LPM0=11B, 10B or 01B
Is mode changed
to sub clock mode?
NO
YES
Change to sub clock mode
Set CKSCR register
SCS=0
Enter sub clock mode
469
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
● If sub clock mode is used at an internal clock frequency of more than 10 MHz
To use sub clock mode, first set the internal clock frequency to 10 MHz or less and next change the lowpower consumption mode selection bits (LPM1, LPM0) to other than "00B" before changing to sub clock
mode. Figure 23.3-4 shows a flowchart example in which sub clock mode is used at an internal clock
frequency of more than 10 MHz.
Figure 23.3-4 Flowchart Example in which Sub Clock Mode is Used at
an Internal Clock Frequency of More than 10 MHz
START
NO
Is mode changed to sub clock mode?
YES
Set internal clock frequency
to 10 MHz or less
Set CKSCR register
Set low-power consumption mode
Set FMCS register
LPM1, LPM0=11B, 10B or 01B
Change to sub clock mode
Set CKSCR register
SCS=0
Enter sub clock mode
470
For operation at an internal clock frequency of more than 10 MHz after sub clock mode is canceled, change
the mode to main clock mode or PLL clock mode (internal clock frequency becomes 10 MHz or less),
change the low-power consumption mode selection bits (LPM1, LPM0) to "00B", and then set the internal
clock frequency to more than 10 MHz. Figure 23.3-5 shows a flowchart example in which sub clock mode
is used at an internal clock frequency of more than 10 MHz.
Figure 23.3-5 Flowchart Example in which Sub Clock Mode is Used at
an Internal Clock Frequency of More than 10 MHz
Operation in sub clock mode
Is mode changed to
main/PLL clock mode?
NO
YES
Change to main/PLL clock mode
Set CKSCR register
Was mode changed to
main/PLL clock mode?
NO
YES
Set low-power consumption mode
Set FMCS register
LPM1, LPM0=00B
Set internal clock frequency to
more than 10 MHz
Set CKSCR register
Start operation at internal clock
frequency of more than 10 MHz
Note:
To use the sub clock mode, input a clock signal of 20 MHz or less to the main clock. If a clock signal
of more than 20 MHz is input, the internal clock frequency cannot be set to 10 MHz or less and the
sub clock mode cannot be used.
471
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.4
Method for Starting the Flash Memory's Automatic
Algorithm
There are four kinds of commands for starting the automatic algorithm for flash
memory: read/reset, write, chip erase, and sector erase. For sector erase operations,
control of suspension and resuming is provided.
■ Command Sequence Table
Table 23.4-1 lists the Command sequence table. Although the data for writing to the command register is
indicated in units of bytes, use word access during actual operations. The contents of the upper byte are
ignored in this case.
Table 23.4-1 Command Sequence Table
Command
sequence
Bus
write
cycle
1st bus write
cycle
2nd bus write
cycle
3rd bus write
cycle
4th bus write
cycle
5th bus write
cycle
6th bus write
cycle
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
XXF0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Read/reset *
1
FxXXXX
Read/reset *
4
FxAAAA XXAA
Fx5554
XX55
FxAAAA XXF0
RA
RD
-
-
-
-
Write program
4
FxAAAA XXAA
Fx5554
XX55
FxAAAA XXA0
PA
(even)
PD
(word)
-
-
-
-
Chip erase
6
FxAAAA XXAA
Fx5554
XX55
FxAAAA
XX80
FxAAAA XXAA
Fx5554
XX55
FxAAAA
XX10
Sector erase
6
FxAAAA XXAA
Fx5554
XX55
FxAAAA
XX80
FxAAAA XXAA
Fx5554
XX55
SA
(even)
XX30
Sector erase suspend
Entering data (xxB0H) at address "FxXXXXH" will suspend a erasure in sector erase mode.
Sector erase resume
Entering data (xx30H) at address "FxXXXXH" will resume erasure in sector erase suspend mode.
RA: Read address
PA: Write address. Only even addresses can be specified.
SA: Sector address (Refer to Section "23.2 Sector Configuration of 1.5M Bit Flash Memory")
RD: Read data
PD: Write data; only words can be specified
* : Both read and reset commands allow the flash memory to be reset to read mode.
Note1: The address Fx in the table represents FF, FE, FD or FC. Specify the actual value corresponding to the bank to be accessed in each operation.
Note2: The address in the table indicates the value in the CPU memory map. Addresses and data are indicated in hexadecimal representation; "X" indicates
an arbitrary value.
472
23.5
Verifying the Execution State of the Automatic Algorithm
In the flash memory, writing/erase flow is executed by an automatic algorithm.
Therefore, MB90980 Series has the hardware sequence flag to inform that the state of
operation and operation in the flash memory were completed.
■ Hardware Sequence Flags
The hardware sequence flags consist of the four bits DQ7, DQ6, DQ5, and DQ3. These bits have the
following functions: DQ7 is the data polling flag, DQ6 is the toggle bit flag, DQ5 is the timing limit excess
flag, and DQ3 is the sector erase timer flag. The hardware sequence flags are therefore used to confirm that
writing or chip sector erase has been completed or that erase code write is valid.
Table 23.5-1 shows the bit assignments of the hardware sequence flags.
Table 23.5-1 Bit Assignments of Hardware Sequence Flags
Bit number
Hardware sequence flag
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DQ7
DQ6
DQ5
-
DQ3
-
-
-
To refer the hardware sequence flag, read the address of the sector for the internal flash memory after the
corresponding command sequence has been set (refer to Table 23.4-1).
The execution state of automatic algorithm can be checked in the following method.
•
Check by referring to hardware sequence flag
•
Check by referring to RDY bit of flash memory control status register (FMCS)
When creating actual program, perform the subsequent instruction after completion of executing automatic
algorithm is checked using the above verification method. The hardware sequence flags are described
below.
Table 23.5-2 lists the hardware sequence flag functions.
Table 23.5-2 List of Hardware Sequence Flag Functions
State
DQ7
DQ6
DQ5
DQ3
DQ7 →
DATA: 7
Toggle →
DATA: 6
0→
DATA: 5
0→
DATA: 3
0→1
Toggle → Stop
0→1
1
0
Toggle
0
0→1
Erase operation --> sector erase suspend
(sector being erased)
0→1
Toggle → 1
0
1→0
Sector erase suspend --> erase resume
(sector being erased)
1→0
1 → Toggle
0
0→1
DATA: 7
DATA: 6
DATA: 5
DATA: 3
DQ7
Toggle
1
0
0
Toggle
1
1
Write operation --> write completed
(specifying the write address)
Chip sector erase operation --> erase completed
State change
in normal
operation
mode
Sector erase wait --> erase start
Sector erase suspend mode
(sector not being erased)
Operational
error
During write operation
During chip sector erase operation
473
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.5.1
Data Polling Flag (DQ7)
The data polling flag (DQ7) is a flag that is used to indicate via the data polling function
whether execution of the automatic algorithm is in progress or has ended.
■ State Transitions of the Data Polling Flag (DQ7)
● State changes during normal operation
Operation
state
Write
operation →
completed
Chip sector
erase →
completed
Sector
erase wait
→ start
Sector erase →
erase suspend
(sector being
erased)
Sector erase
suspend →
resume
(sector being
erased)
Sector erased
suspend mode
sector not being
erased
DQ7
DQ7 → DATA:
7
0→1
0
0→1
1→0
DATA: 7
● State changes in operation error mode
Operation
state
Write
operation
Chip sector
erase
operation
DQ7
DQ7
0
■ Write Operation
During read accesses while the automatic write algorithm is executed, the reverse data for bit7 of the last
data item written to flash memory is referred and output, regardless of the specified address. If the read
operation is performed at the time when the automatic write algorithm has ended, the read value of bit7 for
the specified address in flash memory is output.
■ Chip/Sector Erase Operation
When the chip erase/sector erase algorithm is being executed, "0" is output in read operations of the flash
memory, either for the sector currently erased in sector erase mode or independently of addressing in chip
erase mode. "1" is output when the chip erase/sector erase algorithm has ended.
474
■ Sector Erase Suspend
Read operations of the flash memory while sector erase is suspended will output "1" if an address for the
sector being erased has been specified, or will output the read value of bit7 (DATA: 7) for the specified
data item will be output in other cases. Which sector is being erased, and whether that sector is in sector
suspend state, can be identified by referring to the toggle bit flag (DQ6).
Note:
If the automatic algorithm starts, read accesses to the specified address are not effective. Data can
be read after the end of data polling flag (DQ7). Thus, read data after the end of the automatic
algorithm only after the read access that confirms the end of data polling.
475
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.5.2
Toggle Bit Flag (DQ6)
Like the data polling flag (DQ7), the toggle bit flag (DQ6) is a flag mainly used to indicate
whether the automatic algorithm is being executed or has ended. In the case of the
toggle bit flag, a toggle bit function is used for that purpose.
■ State Transitions of the Toggle Bit Flag (DQ6)
● State transitions in normal operation
Operation
state
Write
operation →
completed
Chip sector
erase →
completed
Sector erase
wait
→ start
Sector erase →
erase suspend
(sector being
erased)
Sector erase
suspend →
resume
(sector being
erased)
Sector erased
suspend mode
sector not being
erased
DQ6
Toggle →
DATA: 6
Toggle → Stop
Toggle
Toggle → 1
1 → Toggle
DATA: 6
● State transitions in operation error mode
Operation
state
Write
operation
Chip sector
erase
operation
DQ6
Toggle
Toggle
■ Write/Chip Sector Erase Operations
In the case of repeated read accesses when the automatic write algorithm and the chip sector erase
algorithm are being executed, the flash memory toggles between output of 1 and 0 in toggle mode for each
read operation independent of addressing. When repeated read accesses are performed when the automatic
write algorithm and chip/sector erase algorithm have ended, the flash memory stops with the toggle
operation of bit6, and instead outputs bit6 (DATA: 6) of the read value for the specified address.
■ Sector Erase Suspend
If read access is performed when a sector erase operation is suspended, the flash memory outputs "1" when
the specified address belongs to the sector being erased. In other cases, bit6 (DATA: 6) of the read value
for the specified address will be output.
Reference:
If, in write operations, the sector to be written is rewrite-protected, toggle operation is performed for
about 2 μs before the operation ends without any data being rewritten.
If, in erase operation, all sectors selected are rewrite-protected, toggle operation is performed for
about 100 μs before the device returns to the read/reset state without any data being changed.
476
23.5.3
Timing Limit Excess Flag (DQ5)
The timing limit excess flag (DQ5) is used to indicate when the execution of the
automatic algorithm exceeds the time (internal pulse count) specified in the internal
flash memory.
■ State Transitions of the Timing Limit Excess Flag (DQ5)
● State transitions in normal operation
Operation
state
Write operation
→ completed
Chip sector
erase →
completed
DQ5
0 → DATA: 5
0→1
Sector erase
wait
→ start
Sector erase →
erase suspend
(sector being
erased)
Sector erase
suspend →
resume
(sector being
erased)
Sector erased
suspend mode
sector not being
erased
0
0
0
DATA: 5
● State transitions in operation error mode
Operation
state
Write
operation
Chip sector
erase
operation
DQ5
1
1
■ Write/Chip Sector Erase Operation
When a read access is performed after a writing operation occurs or the chip sector erase automatic
algorithm starts, "0" is output if the specified time (for write/erase operations) is not exceeded, while "1" is
output if this time is exceeded. This operation is independent of whether the automatic algorithm is being
executed or has ended, thus allowing whether a failure has occurred during a write/erase operation to be
determined. If this flag indicates "1" while the automatic algorithm is still being executed according to the
data polling function or toggle bit function, it can be assumed that a failure during a write operation has
occurred.
For example, if there is an attempt to write "1" to a flash memory address whose corresponding value has
already been set to "0", a failure occurs. In this case, the flash memory will be locked, and the automatic
algorithm will not end. Occasionally, it is likely to end normally as be able to be written "1". As a result,
the data polling flag (DQ7) will output that there is no valid data. The toggle bit flag (DQ6) will continue
with the toggle operation until the time limit is exceeded, and the timing limit excess flag (DQ5) will output
"1". This indicates that the flash memory is not defective, but was used incorrectly. If this state occurs,
execute the reset command.
477
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.5.4
Sector Erase Timer Flag (DQ3)
The sector erase timer flag (DQ3) indicates whether the device is waiting for the end of
sector erase after starting of the sector erase command.
■ State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag (DQ3)
● State changes during normal operation
Operation
state
Write operation
→ completed
Chip sector
erase →
completed
DQ3
0 → DATA: 3
1
Sector erase
wait
→ start
Sector erase →
erase suspend
(sector being
erased)
Sector erase
suspend →
resume
(sector being
erased)
Sector erased
suspend mode
sector not being
erased
0→1
1→0
0→1
DATA: 3
● State changes in operation error mode
Operation
state
Write
operation
Chip sector
erase
operation
DQ3
0
1
■ Sector Erase Operation
In read accesses after the sector erase command starts, the flash memory outputs "0" if the sector erase
waiting time is in progress, irrespective of the address specified by the address signal for the sector that
issued the command, or it outputs "1" if the sector erase waiting time was exceeded.
If the data polling function or toggle bit function shows that the erase algorithm is being executed and this
flag is set to "1", erasure under internal control will start. Subsequent commands other than writing the
sector erase code or erase suspend are ignored until the erasure is completed.
If this flag is set to "0", the flash memory will accept writing of the additional sector erase code. Fujitsu
recommends checking the state of the flag before subsequent sector erase codes are written to verify the
operational state of the device. If a second state check returns the flag to "1", the erase code for an
additional sector may not have been accepted.
■ Sector Erase Suspend
If read access is performed when a sector erase operation is suspended, the flash memory outputs "1" for an
address of a sector being erased. Otherwise, the read value of bit3 (DATA: 3) for the corresponding address
will be output.
478
23.6
Flash Memory Write/Erase Operations
This section explains the procedure of write/erase of the flash memory by the activating
of an automatic algorithm.
■ Flash Memory Write/Erase
The automatic algorithm can be started by writing one of read/reset, write, chip erase, sector erase, sector
erase suspend, and erase resume in the command sequence (see Table 23.4-1) from CPU to the flash
memory. Write cycle from CPU to the flash memory must be executed consecutively. The end of the
automatic algorithm can be detected with such functions as the data polling function. After a normal end,
the operational state returns to the read/reset state.
This section describes the following items related to flash memory write/erase operations.
•
Setting the flash memory to read/reset state
•
Writing data
•
Erasing all data (entire chip erase)
•
Erasing arbitrary data (sector erase)
•
Suspending sector erase
•
Resuming sector erase
479
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.6.1
Setting the Flash Memory to Read/Reset State
This section describes the procedures for issuing read/reset commands and setting the
flash memory to read/reset state.
■ Setting the Flash Memory to the Read/Reset State
To set the flash memory to the read/reset state, continuously send the read/reset command in the command
sequence table (see Table 23.4-1) to the relevant sector in the flash memory.
Read/reset commands use two types of command sequences: execution in one bus operation and execution
in three bus operations. There are no basic differences in between command sequences.
The read/reset state is the initial state of the flash memory. It occurs at power-on or at normal end of a
command. The read/reset state is a state in which the device waits for input of other commands.
The read/reset state enables data to be read with normal read accesses. Program access from the CPU is
performed in the same way that it is for mask ROM. However, this command does not require that a data
read operation ends normally: This command is mainly used to initialize the automatic algorithm if a
command does not end for some reason.
480
23.6.2
Writing Data to Flash Memory
This section describes the procedures for issuing a write command to write data to the
flash memory.
■ Writing Data to Flash Memory
To start the automatic data write algorithm for the flash memory, repeatedly send the write command in the
command sequence table (see Table 23.4-1) to the relevant sector in the flash memory. When data writing
to the target address is completed in the 4th cycle, the automatic algorithm, and therefore automatic writing,
will be started.
● Address specification method
Only an even write address can be specified in the write data cycle. Specifying an odd address will cause a
failure during writing. It is necessary to write to even addresses in word units.
Any order of addresses or even addresses exceeding the sector boundary are acceptable in write operations.
However, a single write command can only write one word of data.
● Notes on writing data
Data polling flag (DQ7) or toggle bit flag (DQ6) doesn't enter the state of the end if data in the flash
memory is written from "0" in "1". So, it is judged that the flash memory element is defective, and falls into
the following states. Therefore, please do not return data in the flash memory from "0" to "1" by write.
• Time limit excess flag (DQ5) becomes the error state by exceeding the write regulation time.
• In the appearance, it becomes the state that "1" seems to be written in data on the flash memory. (Data is
"0" when read the data at read/reset state. Please erase it when you return data from "0" to "1".)
During execution of automatic write, all other commands are ignored. Note that if a hardware reset starts
while a write operation is in progress, the data that is written to the address is not assured.
481
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
■ Operation for Writing to Flash Memory
Figure 23.6-1 shows an example of the procedure for writing to flash memory. Using the hardware
sequence flag (see Section "23.5 Verifying the Execution State of the Automatic Algorithm"), the
operational state of the automatic algorithm operating on the flash memory can be determined. In this
example, the data polling flag (DQ7) is used to indicate the end of writing.
During the flag check, data is read from the last address data was written to.
The data polling flag (DQ7) changes at the same time as the timing limit excess flag (DQ5). Even if the
timing limit excess flag (DQ5) is "1", the data polling flag bit (DQ7) must be checked again.
Since the toggle bit flag (DQ6) also stops the toggle operation when the timing limit excess flag bit (DQ5)
is set to "1", the toggle bit flag (DQ6) must be checked again in this case.
Figure 23.6-1 Example of the Flash Memory Write Procedure
Start of write operation
FMCS:WE(bit5)
Enable flash memory write
Write command sequence
(1) FxAAAA
XXAA
(2) Fx5554
XX55
(3) FxAAAA
XXA0
(4) Write address write data
Next address
Internal address read
Data polling(DQ7)
Data
Data
0
Timing limit(DQ5)
1
Internal address read
Data
Data polling(DQ7)
Data
Write error
Last address
FMCS:WE(bit5)
Flash memory write
prohibited
Write completed
482
Check by hardware
sequence flag
23.6.3
Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory (Chip Erase)
This section describes the procedure for issuing the chip erase command to erase all
data in the flash memory.
■ Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory (Chip Erase)
To erase all data in the flash memory, repeatedly send the chip erase command in the command sequence
table (see Table 23.4-1) to the relevant sector in the flash memory.
The chip erase command is executed in six bus operations. When the write operation is completed in the
6th cycle, the chip erase operation will start. During the chip erase operation, the user does not need to
write to the flash memory before erasing; during execution of the automatic erase algorithm, "0" will
automatically be written to all cells of the flash memory for verification before erasure.
483
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.6.4
Erasing Arbitrary Data in Flash Memory (Sector Erase)
This section describes the procedure for issuing a sector erase command to erase an
arbitrary sector in flash memory. This procedure allows either erasure of individual
sectors or erasure of multiple sectors at the same time to be specified.
■ Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory (Sector Erase)
To erase an arbitrary sector in flash memory, repeatedly send the sector erase command in the command
sequence table (see Table 23.4-1) to the relevant sector in the flash memory.
● Method for specifying a sector
The sector erase command is performed in six bus operations. To start a sector erase wait of 50μs, write the
sector erase code (30H) in the 6th cycle to an arbitrary even address in the target sector that can be
accessed. To erase multiple sectors using the above procedure, write the erase code (30H) sequentially to
the addresses of the target sector to be erased.
● Notes on specifying multiple sectors
Erase operation starts when the sector erase wait time of 50 μs has elapsed after the last sector erase code
has been written. In other words, to erase multiple sectors at the same time, enter the next erase sector
address and erase code (which must be entered in the 6th cycle of the command sequence) within 50 μs.
Whether the next sector erase code can be written can be checked using the sector erase timer (hardware
sequence flag:DQ3). In this case, the address for reading the sector erase timer must also specify the sector
to be erased.
■ Procedure for Sector Erasure
The hardware sequence flag (see Section "23.5 Verifying the Execution State of the Automatic Algorithm")
can be used to identify the operational state of the automatic algorithm operating on the internal flash
memory. Figure 23.6-2 shows an example of the procedure for sector erasure of the flash memory. In this
example, the toggle bit flag (DQ6) is used to check for the end of erasure.
Be sure that the data read in the flag check is read from the sector to be erased.
The toggle bit flag (DQ6) stops the toggle operation when the timing limit excess flag (DQ5) changes to
"1". Therefore, even if DQ5 is "1", check the toggle bit flag (DQ6) again (processing in the doted line in
Figure 23.6-2).
The data polling flag (DQ7) also changes when the timing limit excess flag (DQ5) changes. Therefore,
check the data polling flag (DQ7) again.
484
Figure 23.6-2 Example of Sector Erase Procedure for Flash Memory
Start of deletion
FMCS:WE(bit5)
Flash memory deletion
enabled
Delete command sequence
(1) FxAAAA
XXAA
(2) Fx5554
XX55
(3) FxAAAA
XX80
(4) FxAAAA
XXAA
(5) Fx5554
XX55
(6) Enter code to the
delete sector (30H)
YES
Any other delete
sector?
NO
Internal address read 1
Next sector
Internal address read 2
NO
YES
Toggle bit(DQ6)
Data 1 (DQ6) = data 2 (DQ6)
Sector erase
completed ?
YES
NO
0
Timing limit(DQ5)
1
Internal address read 1
Internal address read 2
NO
Toggle bit(DQ6)
Data 1 (DQ6) = data 2 (DQ6)
YES
NO
Delete error
Last sector
YES
FMCS:WE(bit5)
Flash memory
deletion disabled
Delete completed
Check using hardware
sequence flag
485
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
23.6.5
Suspending Sector Erasure for the Flash Memory
This section describes the procedure for issuing the sector erase suspend command to
suspend a sector erase operation for the flash memory. During erase suspension, data
can be read from any sector that is not subject to erasure.
■ Suspending Sector Erasure for the Flash Memory
To suspend sector erasure for the flash memory, send the sector erase suspend command in the command
sequence table (see Table 23.4-1) from CPU to the internal flash memory.
The sector erase suspend command is used to suspend the erasure during a sector erase operation, allowing
data from a sector that is not being erased to be read. In this state, only reading is allowed; writing is
prohibited. This command is enabled only in sector erase mode, including within the erase wait time, and
ignored in chip erase mode or during write operations.
This operation is executed by writing the erase suspend code (B0H). To do so, specify an arbitrary address
in flash memory. During the erase suspend state, repeatedly issued erase suspend commands are ignored.
If a sector erase suspend command is entered during the sector erase wait time, sector erase wait ends
immediately, the erase operation is interrupted, and the operational state changes to erase stop. If a erase
suspend command is entered during a sector erase operation after the sector erase wait time, the system
enters the erase suspend mode after 20 μs have elapsed or earlier. Please execute the sector erase suspend
command after issuing the sector erase command or sector erase resume command and 20 μs or more.
486
23.6.6
Resuming the Sector Erasure of Flash Memory
This section describes the procedure for issuing the sector erase resume command
and resuming a suspended flash memory sector erase operation.
■ Resuming the Sector Erasure of Flash Memory
To resume a suspended sector erase operation, send the sector erase resume command in the command
sequence table (see Table 23.4-1) to the internal flash memory.
The sector erase resume command is used to resume a sector erasure from the sector erase suspend mode
caused by a sector erase suspend command. This command is executed by writing the erase restart code
(30H) while specifying an arbitrary address in the flash memory area.
Issuing the sector erase restart command during a sector erase operation will be ignored.
487
CHAPTER 23 1.5M BIT FLASH MEMORY
488
CHAPTER 24
EXAMPLES OF MB90F983
SERIAL PROGRAMMING
CONNECTION
This chapter shows an example of a serial programming
connection using the AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110 flash
microcontroller programmer by Yokogawa Digital
Computer Corporation.
24.1 Basic Configuration of Serial Programming Connection with
MB90F983
24.2 Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When Using the User
Power Supply)
24.3 Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller Programmer
(When Using the User Power Supply)
489
CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
24.1
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming Connection
with MB90F983
The MB90F983 supports serial on-board writing (Fujitsu standard) of the flash ROM.
This section provides the related specifications.
■ Basic Configuration of Serial Programming Connection with MB90F983
Fujitsu standard serial on-board writing uses the Yokogawa Digital Computer Corporation flash
microcontroller programmer. It is possible to write it by selecting either of the program that operates by the
single chip mode or the internal ROM external bus mode.
Figure 24.1-1 shows the basic configuration for the example for serial programming connection.
Figure 24.1-1 Basic Configuration for the Example for Serial Programming Connection
Host interface cable (AZ201)
RS232C
Flash microcontroller
programmer
+
memory card
General-purpose common
cable (AZ210)
CLK synchronous
serial connection
MB90F983
User system
Operable in stand-alone mode
For information on the functions of and operational procedures related to the flash microcontroller
programmer (AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110), the general-purpose common cable (AZ210) for connection,
and the connector, contact Yokogawa Digital Computer Corporation.
490
■ Pins Used for Fujitsu Standard Serial On-Board Writing
Table 24.1-1 shows the functions of the related pins used for Fujitsu standard serial on-board writing.
Table 24.1-1 Function of Pins
Pin
MD2, MD1,
MD0
Function
Supplementary Information
Mode pins
Set MD2=1, MD1=1, and MD0=0 to enter the serial programming
mode.
X0, X1
Oscillation pins
As, in the serial programming mode, CPU internal operation clock is the
PLL clock multiplied-by-1, the internal operation clock frequency is
equal to the oscillation clock frequency. Consequently, the frequencies
that can be input to the high-speed oscillation input pin for serial writing
are from 4.5 to 25 MHz.
P80, P81
Programming program start
pins
Input "L" level to P80 and "H" level to P81.
RST
Reset pin
SIN0
Serial data input pin
SOT0
Serial data output pin
SCK0
Serial clock input pin
VCC
Power voltage supply pin
If the programming voltage (VCC = 3.3 V ± 5%)
VSS
GND pin
Must be shared with GND of the flash microcontroller programmer.
-
Use UART0 for CLK sync mode.
To use the P80, P81, SIN0, SOT0, and SCK0 pins within the user system as well, the control circuit shown
in the Figure 24.1-2 is required.
Using the flash microcontroller programmer’s /TICS signal for outputting "L", the user circuit can be
disconnected in serial programming mode.
Figure 24.1-2 Pin Control Circuit
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
Write control pin
10 kΩ
MB90F983
Write control pin
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
/TICS pin
User circuit
491
CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
■ Oscillation Clock Frequency and Serial Clock Input Frequency
The serial clock frequencies that can be used for input to the MB90F983 can be calculated from the
following formula.
Use the flash microcontroller programmer settings to set the serial clock input frequency for the required
oscillation clock frequency.
Serial clock frequency to be input = 0.125 × oscillation clock frequency
Table 24.1-2 shows a serial clock frequency that can be input.
Table 24.1-2 Example of Serial Clock Frequency that can be Input
Oscillation
clock
frequency
Maximum serial clock
frequency that can be input
to microcontroller
Maximum serial clock frequency
that can be set for AF220/AF210/
AF120/AF110
Maximum serial clock
frequency that can be set
for AF200
8 MHz
1MHz
850kHz
500kHz
16 MHz
2MHz
1.25MHz
500kHz
■ System Configuration of Flash Microcontroller Programmer (Yokogawa Digital
Computer Corporation)
Table 24.1-3 shows the system configuration of the flash microcontroller programmer.
Table 24.1-3 System Configuration of the Flash Microcontroller Programmer
Model
Main
body
Function
AF220/AC4P
Model with built-in Ethernet interface
/100 V to 220 V power adapter
AF210/AC4P
Standard model
/100 V to 220 V power adapter
AF120/AC4P
Model with built-in single key Ethernet interface /100 V to 220 V power adapter
AF110/AC4P
Single key model
AZ221
Programmer dedicated RS232C cable for PC/AT
AZ210
Standard target probe (a) length: 1 m
FF201
Fujitsu F2MC-16LX flash microcontroller control module
AZ290
Remote controller
/P2
2M bytes PC Card (Option) FLASH memory capacity of up to 128 K bytes supported
/P4
4M bytes PC Card (Option) FLASH memory capacity of up to 512 K bytes supported
Inquiries: Yokogawa Digital Computer Corporation
Telephone number: (81)-42-333-6224
492
/100 V to 220 V power adapter
24.2
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When Using
the User Power Supply)
In the user system, mode pins MD2 and MD0, which are set to single-chip mode, are
supplied with the inputs MD2=1 and MD0=0 by TAUX3 and TMODE of AF220/AF210/
AF120/AF110, and the system is set to serial programming mode (serial programming
mode: MD2, MD1, MD0=110B).
■ Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When Using the User Power Supply)
Figure 24.2-1 Example of Serial Programming Connection in Single Chip Mode
for MB90F983 (when Using the User Power Supply)
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
Flash microcontroller
programmer
User system
TAUX3
Connector
DX10-28S
MB90F983
MD2
(19)
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
MD1
10 kΩ
TMODE
(12)
4.5 MHz to
25 MHz
TAUX
(23)
/TICS
(10)
MD0
X0
X1
P80
10 KΩ
User circuit
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
/TRES
(5)
RST
10 kΩ
User circuit
P81
TTXD
(13)
SIN0
TRXD
(27)
(6)
SOT0
TCK
TVcc
(2)
GND
SCK0
Power
supplied
from user
(7, 8,
14, 15,
21, 22,
1, 28)
Pin 14
Pins 3, 4, 9, 11, 16, 17, 18,
20, 24, 25, and 26 are open.
Vss
Pin 1
DX10-28S
Pin 28
DX10-28S: Right angle type
Vcc
Pin 15
Pin assignments of connector (Hirose Electric)
493
CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
Note:
Similarly to P80, using the SIN0, SOT0, and SCK0 pins in the user system requires a control circuit
as shown in Figure 24.2-2. The user circuit is disconnected in serial programming mode by the flash
microcontroller programmer’s "/TICS" signal for outputting "L".
Figure 24.2-2 Pin Control Circuit
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
Write control pin
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110 10 kΩ
/TICS pin
MB90F983
Write control pin
User circuit
Note:
Connect to AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110 when the power supply of the user system is turned off.
494
24.3
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power Supply)
If, in serial programming mode, pins (MD2, MD0, and P80) are set as shown below, MD2,
MD0, and P80 do not need to be connected with the flash microcontroller programmer.
■ Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller Programmer (When Using the User
Power Supply)
Figure 24.3-1 shows an example of minimum connection with the flash microcontroller programmer of
MB90F983 (when using the user power supply).
Figure 24.3-1 Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller Programmer
of MB90F983 (when Using the User Power Supply)
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
Flash microcontroller
programmer
User system
10 kΩ
Serial rewrite 1
MB90F983
MD2
Serial rewrite 1
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
MD1
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
MD0
Serial rewrite 0
10 kΩ
4.5 MHz to
25 MHz
X0
X1
P80
Serial rewrite 0
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
User circuit
P81
Serial rewrite 1
User circuit
Connector
DX10-28S
/TRES
TTXD
TRXD
10 kΩ
(5)
RST
(13)
SIN0
SOT0
(27)
(6)
TCK
TVcc
(2)
(7, 8,
14, 15,
21, 22,
1, 28)
GND
SCK0
Power
supplied
from user
Pin 14
Pins 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 23, 24, 25, and 26 are open.
Vss
Pin 1
DX10-28S
Pin 28
DX10-28S: Right angle type
Vcc
Pin 15
Pin assignments of connector(Hirose Electric)
495
CHAPTER 24 EXAMPLES OF MB90F983 SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
Note:
Using the pins SIN0, SOT0, and SCK0 in the user system requires a control circuit as shown in
Figure 24.3-2. The user circuit is disconnected in serial programming mode by the flash
microcontroller programmer’s "/TICS" signal for outputting "L".
Figure 24.3-2 Pin Control Circuit
MB90F983
Write control pin
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
Write control pin
10 kΩ
AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110
/TICS pin
User circuit
Note:
Connect to AF220/AF210/AF120/AF110 when the power supply of the user system is turned off.
496
CHAPTER 25
PWC TIMER
This chapter provides an overview of the PWC timer,
provides notes on its use, explains its configuration,
explains the configuration and functions of its registers,
and explains its interrupt and operation.
25.1 Overview of PWC Timer
25.2 Configuration of PWC Timer
25.3 Configuration and Functions of PWC Timer Registers
25.4 Interrupt of PWC Timer
25.5 Operations of PWC Timer
25.6 Notes on PWC Timer Usage
497
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.1
Overview of PWC Timer
The PWC timer is a 16-bit multifunctional up-count timer used to measure the pulse
width of input signals.
PWC: Pulse Width Count (for pulse width measurement)
■ PWC Timer Functions
On the hardware level, the PWC timer consists of one 16-bit up-count timer, one input pulse divider and
divide ratio control register, one measurement input pin, and one 16-bit control register. When regarding
each 16-bit control register as one channel, the PWC timer has a total of two channels. The PWC timer
provides the following functions.
● Timer function
•
Each time the timer function has been set, an interrupt request will be generated
•
An internal clock used as a reference clock can be selected from three types (Divided-by 4/16/32 of
machine clock).
● Pulse width measurement function
498
•
Measures the time between any events input from the outside via the pulse input
•
An internal clock used as a reference clock can be selected from three types (Divided-by 4/16/32 of
machine clock)
•
Various measurement modes
•
"H" pulse width (rising edge to falling edge)/"L" pulse width (rising edge to falling edge)
•
Rising interval (rising edge to rising edge)/falling interval (falling edge to falling edge)
•
Measurement between edges (rising edge or falling edge to falling edge or rising edge)
•
An 8-bit input divider is used for divide measurement with "divide-by-22 x n" (n = 1,2,3,4) of the input
pulse.
•
At the end of measurement, an interrupt can be generated.
•
Either one-time measurement or repeated measurement can be selected.
25.2
Configuration of PWC Timer
The PWC timer consists of the PWC control/status register, PWC data buffer, and divide
ratio control register.
■ Block Diagram of PWC Timer
Figure 25.2-1 shows a block diagram of the PWC timer.
Figure 25.2-1 Block Diagram of the PWC Timer
PWCR read
Error
detection
ERR
Internal clock(machine clock/4)
PWCR
16
Reload
Data transfer
16
F2MC-16LX bus
Overflow
Clock
22
16-bit up-count timer
Clock divider
3
2
Timer
clear
Count enabled
Control bit output
Control circuit
Flag set, etc.
CKS1/CKS0
Divider clear
Start edge End edge
selection
selection
Measurement
start edge
Measurement
end edge
Divide ON/OFF
Input
waveform
comparator
Edge
detection
Measurement end
interrupt request
Overflow interrupt request
PWCSR
PIS0/PIS1
PWC0
PWC1
8-bit
divider
ERR CKS0/CKS1
Divide ratio selection
15
2
DIVR
499
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
■ Pin Related to PWC Timer
The pin related to the PWC timer has 2 channels of PWC0/PWC1 and functions as the input port when the
PWC is used. The PWC0/PWC1 pins function as the general-purpose I/O port (P36/PWC0, P37/PWC1)
and input pin.
● Setting when using as PWC0/PWC1 pins
When the PWC0/PWC1 are used as input by the PWC timer, the P36/PWC0,P37/PWC1 pins should be set
to the input port by the port direction register (DDR3 bit6, bit7→"0").
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to PWC Timer
Figure25.2-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to PWC Timer
Peripheral function input (PWC0, PWC1)
Port data register (PDR)
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
P-ch
PDR Write
Pin
Port direction register (DDR)
Direction latch
N-ch
DDR Write
DDR Read
Stand-by control(SPL=1)
Stand-by control : Stop mode (SPL=1), Time-base timer mode (SPL=1), Watch mode (SPL=1)
500
25.3
Configuration and Functions of PWC Timer Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the registers used in the PWC
timer.
■ List of PWC Timer Registers
Figure 25.3-1 shows a list of the PWC timer registers.
Figure 25.3-1 List of PWC Timer Registers
bit15
bit8 bit7
bit0
PWCSR0,PWCSR1
(R/W)
PWCR0,PWCR1
(R/W)
DIVR0,
DIVR1
PWC control/status register (PWCSR0,PWCSR1)
Address:
000077H bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
00007BH STRT STOP EDIR EDIE OVIR OVIE
R
R/W R/W
R/W R/W R/W
PWC control/status register (PWCSR0,PWCSR1)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
000076H
00007AH CKS1 CKS0 PIS1 PIS0 S/C MOD2
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
(R/W)
bit9 bit8
ERR Reserved
R
bit1
PWC data buffer register (PWCR0,PWCR1)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
000078H
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
00007CH D7
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
R:
-:
bit2
-
bit1 bit0
DIV1 DIV0
R/W
00000000B
R/W
PWC data buffer register (PWCR0,PWCR1)
Address: bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
000079H D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D8
00007DH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Divide ratio control register (DIVR0,DIVR1)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3
000082H
000084H -
0000000XB
bit0
MOD1 MOD0
R/W
Initial value
00000000B
00000000B
------00B
R/W
Readable/writable
Read only
Undefined
501
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.3.1
PWC Control/Status Register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the PWC control/status
register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1).
■ PWC Control/Status Register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1)
Figure 25.3-2 shows the bit configuration of the PWC control/status register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1).
Figure 25.3-2 Bit Configuration of the PWC Control/Status Register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1)
PWC control/status register (PWCSR0,PWCSR1)
Address:
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
000077H
STRT
STOP EDIR EDIE OVIR OVIE
00007BH
R
R/W R/W
R/W R/W R/W
PWC control/status register (PWCSR0,PWCSR1)
Address:
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2
000076H
CKS1
CKS0 PIS1 PIS0 S/C MOD2
00007AH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W:
R:
-:
bit9
ERR
R
bit8
Reserved
bit1
bit0
0000000XB
-
MOD1 MOD0
R/W
Initial value
00000000B
R/W
Readable/writable
Read only
Undefined
The functions of bits in the PWC control/status register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1) are described below.
[bit15, bit14] STRT, STOP (timer start bit, timer stop bit)
These bits are used to start/restart/stop the 16-bit up-count timer. The operation state of the timer is
displayed in read operations.
The tables below show the functions of the STRT and STOP bits.
Table 25.3-1 Functions Related to Write Operations
(Operation Control of 16-bit Up-count Timer)
STRT
STOP
Operation control function
0
0
No function/no effect on operation
0
1
Timer start/restart (when counting is allowed) *
1
0
Timer operation forcible stop (when counting is prohibited)*
1
1
No function/no effect on operation
* : A clear bit-operation instruction is available.
502
Table 25.3-2 Functions Related to Read Operations (Indicating the Operation State of the
16-bit Up-count Timer)
STRT
STOP
Operation control function
0
0
Timer stop mode (not started or end of measurement)
(initial value)
1
1
Timer count operation mode (measurement in progress)
•
At reset, initialized to "00B".
•
Reading and writing are allowed. However, the meaning of the register contents is different for write
and read operations, as indicated in Table 25.3-1 and Table 25.3-2.
•
The reading value returned in read-modify-write instructions is fixed at "11B" regardless of all bit
values.
•
Writing the STRT/STOP bit to start/stop the timer can be performed for individual bits in order to
execute bit operation instructions (bit clear). However, note that no bit operation instruction is available
to read the operation state (the result of reading is always "1").
[bit13] EDIR (measurement end interrupt request flag)
This bit is a flag that indicates the end of measurement in pulse width measurement. By setting this bit
when measurement end interrupt sources are enabled (bit12: EDIE = 1), a measurement end interrupt
request is generated.
EDIR
Cause of setting or clearing
Cause for setting
Set when pulse width measurement ends (when the PWCR contains the
measurement result)
Cause of clearing
Cleared when the PWCR (measurement result) is read
•
Initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Only reading is allowed.
•
Bit values cannot be changed by writing.
[bit12] EDIE (measurement end interrupt enable)
This bit is used for control of measurement end interrupt requests when pulse width measurement is
performed as shown in the table below.
EDIE
Operation
0
Measurement end interrupt request output prohibited (no interrupts occur even if EDIR is
set) [initial value]
1
Measurement end interrupt request output allowed (interrupt occurs if EDIR is set)
•
Initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading or writing is allowed.
503
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
[bit11] OVIR (timer overflow interrupt request flag)
This bit is a flag used to indicate an overflow of the 16-bit up-count timer to the area from FFFFH to
0000H. If this bit is set when timer overflow interrupt requests are enabled (bit10:OVIE = 1), a timer
overflow interrupt request is generated.
OVIR
Cause of setting or clearing
Cause for setting
Set if a timer overflow occurs (to the area from FFFFH to 0000H)
Cause of clearing
Writing "0" or clearing by μDMAC
•
Initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed; however, only writing "0" is effective, while writing "1" causes no
changes in the bit value.
•
Read-modify-write type instructions read "1" irrespective of bit values.
[bit10] OVIE (timer overflow interrupt request enable)
This bit is used for control of measurement end interrupt requests during pulse width measurement, as
shown in the following table.
OVIE
Operation
0
Overflow interrupt request output prohibited (No interrupts occur even if OVIR is set) [initial
value]
1
Overflow interrupt request output allowed (An interrupt occurs if OVIR is set)
•
Initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
[bit9] ERR (Error Flag)
This bit is a flag that indicates that, in the repeated measurement mode of pulse width measurement, a
measurement operation has completed before the previous measurement result was read out from the
PWCR. In this case, the PWCR value will be updated to the new measurement result while the
immediately previous measurement result will be lost. Measurement will continue irrespective of the
value for this bit.
ERR
Cause of setting or clearing
Cause for setting
This bit is set if a measurement result that has not been read out is overwritten by
the next result.
Cause of clearing
This bit is cleared whenever the PWCR (measurement result) is read
•
Initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Only reading is allowed. Write operations have no effect.
[bit8] Reserved bit
This bit is reserved.
504
[bit7, bit6] CKS1, CKS0 (clock selection)
These bits are used to select one internal count clock out of the three types listed in Table 25.3-3.
Table 25.3-3 Count Clocks of the 16-bit Up-count Timer
CKS1
CKS0
Count clock selection
0
0
Divide-by-4 clock of the machine clock (0.16 μs for a machine clock
of 25 MHz) [initial value]
0
1
Divide-by-16 clock of the machine clock (0.64 μs for a machine clock
of 25 MHz)
1
0
Divide-by-32 clock of the machine clock (1.28 μs for a machine clock
of 25 MHz)
1
1
Setting prohibited (result of setting is undefined)
•
Initialized to "00B" at reset
•
Reading and writing are allowed. However, setting to "11B" is prohibited.
Note:
Rewriting after PWC timer start is prohibited. Write only before the timer is started or after the timer
is stopped.
[bit5, bit4] PIS1, PIS0 (Pulse width measurement input pin select)
These bits are used to select the pulse width measurement input pin.
Table 25.3-4 Selection of Pulse Width Measurement Input Pin
PIS1
PIS0
Input clock selection
0
0
(Selecting PWC0 pin) [initial value]
0
1
Two inputs selected for compare (rising edge compare)
1
0
Two inputs selected for compare (falling edge compare)
1
1
Setting prohibited (result of setting is undefined)
•
Initialized to "00B" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed. However, setting to "11B" is prohibited.
•
This bit is only valid in PWC0. (PWC0/PWC1 are used for input). For details, refer to Section "25.5.2
Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement Function".
Note:
Rewriting after PWC timer start is prohibited. Write only before the timer is started or after the timer
is stopped.
505
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
[bit3] S/C (Selection of Measurement Mode (one-shot/repeated))
This bit is used to select the measurement mode.
Table 25.3-5 Selection of the Measurement Mode for the 16-bit Up-Count Timer
S/C
Measurement mode selection
Timer mode
Pulse width
0
One-shot measurement mode
[initial value]
No reload (one-shot)
Stopped after one-time
measurement
1
Repeated measurement mode
With reload (reload timer)
Repeated measurement: buffer
register enabled
•
Initialized to "0" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
Note:
Rewriting after PWC timer start is prohibited. Write always either before the timer is started or after
the timer is stopped.
[bit2, bit1, bit0] MOD2, MOD1, MOD0 (Selection of operation mode or measurement edge)
These bits are used to select the operation mode and an edge at which width measurement is performed.
Table 25.3-6 Selection of Operation Mode or Measurement Edge for the 16-bit Up-count Timer
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
Selection of operation mode/measurement edge
0
0
0
Timer mode [initial value]
0
0
1
Timer mode (reload mode only)
0
1
0
Pulse width measurement mode between all edges (rising edge or falling edge to falling
edge or rising edge)
0
1
1
Divide interval measurement mode (input divide enabled)
1
0
0
Interval measurement mode between rising edges (rising edge to rising edge)
1
0
1
"H"-level pulse width measurement mode (rising edge to falling edge)
1
1
0
"L"-level pulse width measurement mode (falling edge to rising edge)
1
1
1
Interval measurement mode between falling edges (falling edge to falling edge)
•
Initialized to "00B" at reset.
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
Note:
Rewriting immediately after PWC timer start is prohibited. Write always either before the timer is
started or after the timer is stopped.
506
25.3.2
PWC Data Buffer Register (PWCR0, PWCR1)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the PWC data buffer register
(PWCR0, PWCR1).
■ PWC Data Buffer Register (PWCR0, PWCR1)
Figure 25.3-3 shows the bit configuration of the PWC data buffer register (PWCR0, PWCR1).
Figure 25.3-3 Bit Configuration of the PWC Data Buffer Register (PWCR0, PWCR1)
PWC data buffer register (PWCR0,PWCR1)
Address:
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8
000079H
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D8
00007DH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
00000000B
PWC data buffer register (PWCR0,PWCR1)
Address:
bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
000078H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
00007CH
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
00000000B
The function of the PWC data buffer register (PWCR0, PWCR1) depends on whether the timer mode is
selected (by setting the PWCSR register bit2 to bit0 (MOD2 to MOD0)) or the pulse width measurement mode
is selected.
● Timer mode (reading/writing allowed)
In a reload timer operation (PWCSR bit3:S/C = 1), the PWC data buffer register operates as a buffer
register to store reload data. In this case, both reading and writing are allowed.
In one-shot timer operation mode (PWCSR bit3:S/C = 0), the PWC data buffer register is used to directly
access the up-count timer. In this case, both reading and writing are allowed, though writing can only be
performed when the timer is stopped. Reading is available at any time, enabling the timer value to be read
during counting.
507
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
● Pulse width measurement mode (Only reading allowed)
In repeated measurement mode (PWCSR bit3: S/C = 1), the PWC data buffer register operates as a buffer
register to store the results of previous measurement.
In this case, only reading is allowed. Write operations do not change the value of the register.
In one-shot mode (PWCSR bit3: S/C = 0), the PWC data buffer register is used to directly access the upcount timer.
In this case, only reading is allowed. Write operations do not change the value of the register. Reading is
available at any time, enabling the timer value to be read during counting. After the measurement ends, the
PWC data buffer register stores the measurement result.
Note:
This register can be accessed only via word transfer instructions. At reset, the register is initialized to
"00B".
508
25.3.3
Divide Ratio Control Register (DIVR0, DIVR1)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the divide ratio control
register (DIVR0, DIVR1).
■ Divide Ratio Control Register (DIVR0, DIVR1)
Figure 25.3-4 shows the bit configuration of the divide ratio control register (DIVR0, DIVR1).
Figure 25.3-4 Bit Configuration of the Divide Ratio Control Register (DIVR0, DIVR1)
Divide ratio control register (DIVR0,DIVR1)
Address: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3
000082H
000084H
R/W :
-:
bit2
-
bit1 bit0
DIV1 DIV0
R/W
Initial value
------00B
R/W
Readable/writable
Undefined
This register is only used in divide interval measurement mode (PWCSR: bit2, bit1, bit0:MOD2, MOD1,
MOD0 = 001B); it is not used in other modes.
In divide interval measurement mode, pulses input to the measurement pin are divided according to the
divide ratio set in this register. This allows measuring one interval width.
Table 25.3-7 Selection of Divide Ratio
DIV1
DIV0
Count clock selection
0
0
Divide-by-4 [initial value]
0
1
Divide-by-16
1
0
Divide-by-64
1
1
Divide-by-256
•
Initialized to "00B" at reset
•
Reading and writing are allowed.
Note:
Rewriting after PWC timer start is prohibited. Write always either before the timer is started or after it
is stopped.
509
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.4
Interrupt of PWC Timer
The interrupt of the PWC timer generates when an overflow of the up counter in timer
function and the pulse width measurement are terminated. The PWC0 is used for PWC
interrupt that can activate the DMA transfer and extended intelligent I/O service (EI2OS).
■ Interrupt of PWC Timer
The interrupt control bit and interrupt source of the PWC timer is shown in the following table.
Table 25.4-1 Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of PWC Timer
Interrupt of termination for pulse
width measurement
Overflow interrupt of timer at operation of
timer mode
Interrupt request flag
PWCSR0:EDIR (bit13) ch.0
PWCSR1:EDIR (bit13) ch.1
PWCSR0:OVIR (bit11) ch.0
PWCSR1:OVIR (bit11) ch.1
Interrupt request output enable bit
PWCSR0:EDIE (bit12) ch.0
PWCSR1:EDIE (bit12) ch.1
PWCSR0:OVIE (bit10) ch.0
PWCSR1:OVIE (bit10) ch.1
When pulse width measurement is
terminated
When 16-bit up count timer overflows from
FFFFH → 0000H
Interrupt generation source
■ Interrupt Source Related to PWC Timer
The following two interrupt sources are available.
• In the timer function, overflow interrupt occurs if the OVIE (bit10) is "1" when the OVIR (bit11) flag in
the PWC control/status register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1) is set.
• In the pulse width measurement, the interrupt occurs if the EDIE (bit12) is "1" (termination of
transmission) when the EDIR (bit13) flag in the PWC control/status register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1) is
set.
510
■ Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 25.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 25.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
PWC1
❍
×
#19
FFFFB0H
⎯
⎯
⎯
#20
FFFFACH
PWC0*
❍
1
#21
FFFFA8H
Interrupt source
×:
❍:
*:
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
Number
Address
ICR04
0000B4H
ICR05
0000B5H
Interrupt request flag is not cleared.
Interrupt request flag is cleared.
This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.2-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other
interrupt function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to
execute the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The PWC timer does not correspond to the DMA transfer function, but the EI2OS function. When the
EI2OS function is used, it is necessary to disable other interrupt that shares the interrupt control register
(ICR).
511
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.5
Operations of PWC Timer
This section describes the operations of the PWC timer.
■ Outline of PWC Timer Operations
The PWC timer is a multifunction timer based on an 16-bit up-count timer, which integrates measurement
input pins with the 8-bit input divide circuit. The PWC timer has the two major functions listed below:
•
Timer function
•
Pulse width count function
For either function, a count clock can be selected among three types of clocks (divide-by 4/16/32 of
machine clock). The basic performance and operation of each function are described below.
512
25.5.1
Operations of the Timer Function
This timer is an up-count (incrementing) timer providing both reload and one-shot
operations.
■ Operation of Timer Functions
After the timer starts, its value is incremented at each pulse of the count clock. If an overflow occurs in the
range FFFFH --> 0000H, an interrupt request may be generated. If an overflow is generated, the following
operations may be performed depending on the mode:
•
In one-shot mode:
Counting stops
•
In reload mode:
Reload register data is reloaded into the timer to restart counting.
Figure 25.5-1 shows the operations of the timer functions in one-shot mode and reload mode.
Figure 25.5-1 Operations of Timer Functions
[One-shot mode]
(Solid line: timer count value)
Overflow
Overflow
FFFFH
Writing to PWCR
(Restarting prohibited)
0000H
Timer start
OVIR flag
set/timer stop
Timer start
OVIR flag
set/timer stop
Time
[Reload mode]
Timer count value
Overflow Overflow
Overflow Overflow Overflow
FFFFH
Reload
PWCR write value
0000H
Reload
PWCR
write
Timer
start
*
Reload Reload Reload
*
*
Reload
*
Restart
Reload
*
Timer
stop
Time
*: OVIR flag set
513
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.5.2
Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement Function
With this function, the timer can be used to measure the time interval between any input
pulse events.
■ Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement Function
After the start of the pulse width measurement function, counting does not start before the specified
measurement start edge is input. The timer is cleared to 0000H whenever a start edge is detected, and
counting up starts. Counting stops when a stop edge is detected. The count value during this period is
stored in the register as the pulse width. The end of measurement is detected by an interrupt.
After measurement ends, the following operations are performed depending on the measurement mode:
•
In one-shot measurement mode:
Operation is interrupted.
•
In repeated measurement mode:
The timer value is transferred to the buffer register and the
measurement is suspended until input of the next start edge.
Figure 25.5-2 shows the pulse width measurement operation (one-shot measurement mode/"H"-level pulse
width measurement). Figure 25.5-3 shows the pulse width measurement operation (repeated measurement
mode/ "H"-level pulse width measurement).
Figure 25.5-2 Pulse Width Measurement Operation
(One-shot Measurement Mode/"H"-level Pulse Width Measurement)
PWC input pulses
to be measured
(Solid line indicates timer count value)
Timer count value
FFFFH
Timer clear
0000H
Measurement Timer
starts
start
Timer stop
EDIR flag set (measurement end)
514
Time
Figure 25.5-3 Pulse Width Measurement Operation
(Repeated Measurement Mode/"H"-level Pulse Width Measurement)
PWC input pulses
to be measured
(Solid line indicates timer count value)
Timer count value
Overflow
FFFFH
Data transfer to PWCR
Timer clear
Timer clear
0000H
Measurement Timer
starts
start
Timer stop
Timer start
Time
EDIR flag set (measurement end)
EDIR flag set
515
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.5.3
Selection of Count Clock and Operation Mode
This section describes the selection of the count clock and the operation mode.
■ Count Clock Selection
A timer count clock can be selected from among three types of internal clocks by setting PWCSR: bit7
(CKS1) and bit6 (CKS0).
Table 25.5-1 shows how to select the count clock.
Table 25.5-1 Count Clock Selection
PWCSR/bit7, bit6: CKS1, CKS0
Internal count clock selected
00B
1/4 of machine clock
(0.16 μs for 25 MHz machine clock) [initial value]
01B
1/16 of machine clock
(0.64 μs for 25 MHz machine clock)
10B
1/32 of machine clock
(1.28 μs for 25 MHz machine clock)
After reset, the divide-by-4 clock of the machine clock is initially selected.
Note:
Select the count clock before timer start.
■ Selection of Operation Mode
The operation mode or measurement mode is selected by setting the PWCSR bits.
•
Selection of the operation mode: PWCSR: bit2, bit1, bit0 (MOD2, MOD1, MOD0 bits)
Selecting the timer mode/pulse width measurement mode and specifying the measurement edge.
•
Setting the measurement mode: PWCSR: bit3 (S/C bit)
Selecting between one-shot measurement/repeated measurement or reload/one-shot
Table 25.5-2 shows the settings for selection of the operation mode/measurement mode.
516
Table 25.5-2 Settings of Operation Mode/Measurement Mode
Operation mode
Timer
S/C
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
One-shot timer
0
0
0
0
Reload timer
1
0
0
0
One-shot measurement:
buffer disabled
0
0
1
0
Repeated measurement:
buffer enabled
1
0
1
0
One-shot measurement:
buffer disabled
0
0
1
1
Repeated measurement:
buffer enabled
1
0
1
1
One-shot measurement:
buffer disabled
0
1
0
0
Repeated measurement:
buffer enabled
1
1
0
0
One-shot measurement:
buffer disabled
0
1
0
1
Repeated measurement:
buffer enabled
1
1
0
1
One-shot measurement:
buffer disabled
0
1
1
0
Repeated measurement:
buffer enabled
1
1
1
0
One-shot measurement:
buffer disabled
0
1
1
1
Repeated measurement:
buffer enabled
1
1
1
1
-
Rising edge or falling edge to rising edge
or falling edge
Measurement between all edges
Divide interval measurement
(Divide-by 1 to 256)
Rising edge to rising edge
Interval measurement between rising
edges
Pulse width
measurement
Rising edge to falling edge
"H"-level pulse width measurement
Falling edge to rising edge
"L"- level pulse width measurement
Falling edge to falling edge
Interval measurement between falling
edges
The one-shot timer is selected initially after reset.
Note:
Select the operation mode always before the start of the timer.
517
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.5.4
Start and Stop of Timer/Pulse Width Measurement
Start/restart/stop/forcible stop of each operation are controlled by setting the PWCSR:
bit15, bit14 (STRT, STOP bits).
■ Start and Stop of Timer/Pulse Width Measurement
Start/restart of the timer/pulse width measurement is initiated by setting the STRT bit to "0", while a
forcible stop is initiated by setting the STOP bit to "0". However, this is only effective if the values are
complementary to each other. When using instructions other than bit operation instructions (such as byte
instructions), be sure to set only the bit combinations indicated in Table 25.5-3.
Table 25.5-3 Function of STRT Bit and STOP Bit
STRT
STOP
Function
0
1
Start/restart of timer/pulse width measurement
1
0
Forcible stop of timer/pulse width measurement
When using bit operation instructions (the clear bit-operation instruction), special care is not required, since
the hardware will ensure that only the combinations of values indicated in Table 25.5-3 are written.
■ Operation After Measurement Start
The operation of timer mode and pulse width measurement mode after measurement start are as follows.
● Timer mode
Count operation starts immediately.
● Pulse width measurement mode
Counting will not start until the measurement start edge is detected. After the measurement start edge is
detected, the 16-bit up-count timer is cleared to "0000B" to start counting.
518
■ Restart
Restart is defined as a start operation (setting the STRT bit to "0") performed after entering timer/pulse
width measurement mode.
Restart operates as follows depending on the mode:
● One-shot timer mode
Restart has no effect.
● Reload Timer Mode
Reload is performed and operation continues. If a restart occurs at the same time as an overflow, the
overflow flag (OVIR) is set.
● Pulse width measurement mode
In the measurement start edge wait state, restart has no effect on the operation. In measurement mode,
counting stops and the measurement start edge wait state is entered. If, in this mode, measurement end edge
detection and restart occur at the same time, the measurement end interrupt request flag (EDIR) is set. In
repeated measurement mode, the result will be transferred to the PWCR.
■ Stop
In one-shot timer mode or one-shot measurement mode, no explicit stop operation needs to be performed
because counting will automatically stop at a timer overflow or at measurement end. However, in other
modes, the timer must be forcibly stopped. Moreover, providing an explicit stop operation allows the timer
to stop before it would stop automatically.
● Comparing and selection of two inputs
If a forcible stop is performed before the edge selected via PWC1 has been detected, the first measurement
result after restart of measurement will contain an error. Be sure to perform a forcible stop only after the
edge in PWC1 has been detected.
519
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
■ Confirmation of Operation State
The STRT/STOP bits, which have been explained above, operate as operation state indicator bits when
read.
Table 25.5-4 shows the function of the operation state indicator bits.
Table 25.5-4 Function of the Operation State Indicator Bits
STRT
STOP
Operation state
0
0
Timer stop (except in measurement start edge wait state):
Indicates that the timer has not started or that measurement has ended.
1
1
Timer counting is being performed or the system is in measurement
start edge wait state
Note:
The same value is read regardless of whether STRT or STOP bit is read. If these bits are read with
read-modify-write instructions (such as bit operation instructions), "11B" is always returned. Do not
use read-modify-write instructions for reading.
520
25.5.5
Timer Mode Operation
This section describes the device operation in timer mode.
■ Clearing the Timer
In the following cases, the 16-bit up-count timer is cleared to "0000H":
•
At reset
•
If, in pulse width measurement mode, a measurement start edge is detected and counting starts
■ One-Shot Operation Mode
In one-shot operation mode, the timer count is incremented with every count clock after timer starts. If an
overflow occurs while incrementing from FFFFH to 0000H, the timer automatically stops. If the PWCR is
set to any value before timer starts, counting will start with that value. In this case, the value that was
previously set will not be preserved, and the PWCR value will always indicate the current count value.
■ Reload Operation Mode
In reload operation mode, the timer is set to the reload value stored in PWCR, and the timer will be
incremented with every count clock after the timer starts. If an overflow occurs while incrementing from
FFFFH to 0000H, the reload value in PWCR will be loaded again into the timer (reload operation), and
counting will be repeated from that value. The timer does not stop until it is forcibly stopped due to writing
the PWCSR: STOP bit, or due to a reset. The value set in the PWCR before the timer starts is retained
during counting as a reload value, and will be loaded into the timer if a start/restart or an overflow occurs.
If the value that is set in the PWCR changes during counting, this new, changed reload value will be used at
the next overflow or timer restart.
■ Timer Value and Reload Value
In one-shot operation mode, the PWCR is directly accessed by the up-count timer. Any value written to the
PWCR will also be written to the timer as it is. When reading the PWCR while the timer is in progress, the
value of the current timer count will be returned. If any value is set to the PWCR before the timer starts,
counting will start from this value. In reload operation mode, accessing the up-count timer is prohibited.
The PWCR operates as a reload register that stores a reload value. If a start/restart/overflow occurs, the
timer is always set to the value stored in the PWCR. When reading the PWCR, the stored reload value will
be read.
If the timer is placed in one-shot operation mode after the reload operation mode is forcibly canceled, the
PWCR value and timer value are not specified. Be sure to always specify these values before using the
timer.
■ Interrupt Generation Request
In timer mode, an interrupt request may be generated due to a timer overflow. If an overflow occurs due to
incrementing the counter, the overflow flag is set and an overflow interrupt request is generated, if such
requests are allowed.
521
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
■ Timer Interval
In one-shot operation mode, after PWCR is set to "0000H" to start the timer, an overflow is generated after
the count 65536 is reached and counting will stop. The time that elapses from start to stop can be calculated
with the following formula:
T1 = (65536 - n1) x t
Where
T1: time from start to stop [μs]
n1: timer value stored in the PWCR at the start
t: count clock interval [μs]
In reload operation mode, after PWCR is set to "0000H" to start the timer, an overflow will be generated
every time the counter reaches 65536. The reload interval time can be calculated with the following
formula:
TR = (65536 - nR) x t
Where
TR: reload interval (overflow interval) [μs]
nR: reload value stored in PWCR
t: count clock interval [μs]
■ Count Clock and Maximum Interval
In timer mode, the maximum interval is obtained when setting PWCR to the value "0000H".
Count clock interval and maximum timer interval for the case when the machine clock (represented as φ
hereafter) is 25 MHz are shown in Table 25.5-5.
Table 25.5-5 Count Clock and Interval
Count clock selection
CSK1, CSK0 = 00B: (φ/4)
CSK1, CSK0 = 00B: (φ/16)
CSK1, CSK0 = 00B: (φ/32)
Count clock interval
0.25 μs
1.0 μs
2.0 μs
Maximum timer interval
16.38 ms
65.5 ms
131.1 ms
522
■ Timer Operation Flow
Figure 25.5-4 shows the operation flow of the timer.
Various settings
Figure 25.5-4 Operational Flow of the Timer
Count clock selection
Operation/measurement
mode selection
Interrupt flag clear
Interrupt enable
Set value to PWCR
Restart
Reload operation
mode
Start via the STRT bit
One-shot operation
mode
Read the PWCR value
into the timer
Start count
Start count
Incrementing
Incrementing
Overflow occurs
→ OVIR flag set
Overflow occurs
→ OVIR flag set
Stop of counting
Operation stop
523
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.5.6
Operation in Pulse Width Measurement Mode
This section describes operation in pulse width measurement mode.
■ One-Shot Measurement and Repeated Measurement
There are two modes for pulse width measurement: a mode for one-time measurement and a mode for
repeated measurement. The mode to use is selected via the PWCSR: S/C bit (Refer to Section "25.5.3
Selection of Count Clock and Operation Mode").
● One-Shot Measurement Mode
As soon as the first measurement end edge is detected, the timer counter will stop and the measurement end
interrupt request flag (EDIR) in the PWCSR is set, causing a stop of measurement (however, if restart
occurs at the same time, the device will wait for measurement to start again).
● Repeated measurement mode
If a measurement end edge is detected, the timer counter stops, the PWCSR's measurement end interrupt
request flag (EDIR) is set, and counting stops until the next measurement start edge is detected. As soon as
the next measurement start edge is detected, the timer is cleared to 0000H, and measurement starts again. At
the end of measurement, the measurement result of the timer is transferred to the PWCR.
Note:
Be sure to change the measurement mode only while the timer is stopped.
■ Measurement Result Data
One-shot measurement mode and repeated measurement mode differ in handling of the measurement
result, timer values, and PWCR functions. Measurement results in both modes are as follows:
● In one-shot measurement mode
•
The timer value while measurement is in progress can be obtained by reading the PWCR.
•
The end result data of measurement can be obtained by reading the PWCR after measurement has
ended.
● In repeated measurement mode
•
At the end of measurement, the timer measurement result is transferred to the PWCR.
•
Reading the PWCR will return the immediately previously obtained measurement result, because the
previous measurement result is kept during the measurement operation. The timer value while
measurement is in progress cannot be read.
In this mode, if a measurement result is not read out before the next measurement operation ends, the
measurement result will be overwritten with the next measurement result. In this case, an error flag (ERR)
in the PWCSR is set. The error flag (ERR) is automatically cleared by reading the PWCR.
524
■ Selection of Input Pin
The PWC timer provides two channels, PWC0 and PWC1, that are used as input signal pins for the pulse
width counting. Each of these channels can therefore be used independently. Combining PWC0 and PWC1
with PIS1 and PIS0 in PWCSR0 enables the time between each input waveform's rising and falling edges
to be measured. Note that the PWC register used in this case is PWC0.
Figure 25.5-5 shows the relationship between input waveform and internal measurement waveform.
Figure 25.5-5 Input Waveform and Internal Measurement Waveform
PWC0
input waveform
PWC1
input waveform
PWC internal measurement
waveform when PIS1
and PIS0 = 01B
The time between rising/falling
edges can be obtained by
measuring the width of "H" within
this internal measurement waveform.
PWC internal measurement
waveform when PIS1
and PIS0 = 10B
Notes:
• In comparing two inputs, start counting from PWC0 regardless of whether rising or falling edges
are detected and stop with PWC1.
• If necessary, change the detection mode of rising and falling edges after measurement ends.
525
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
■ Measurement Mode and Counter Operation
The measurement mode is selected from among six types depending on which portions of the input pulse
are to be measured. For a high precision measurement of a high frequency pulse width, a dedicated mode is
provided to arbitrarily divide the input pulse for interval measurement. Table 25.5-6 shows a list of the
measurement modes.
Table 25.5-6 List of Measurement Modes (1 / 2)
Measurement
mode
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
Measurement items (W: pulse width to be measured)
W
"H" pulse width
measurement
1
0
1
Start of
counting
W
Stop of
counting
Start
Stop
Measures the width of the "H" pulse.
Start of counting (measurement): When rising edge is detected
End of counting (measurement): When falling edge is detected
W
"L" pulse width
measurement
1
1
0
Start of
counting
W
Stop of
counting
Start
Stop
Measures the width of the "L" pulse.
Start of counting (measurement): When rising edge is detected
End of counting (measurement): When falling edge is detected
W
Interval
measurement
between rising
edges
W
W
Stop of counting
1
0
0
Start of
counting
Start
Stop
Start
Stop
Measures the interval between rising edges.
Start of counting (measurement): When rising edge is detected
End of counting (measurement): When rising edge is detected
W
Interval
measurement
between falling
edges
W
W
Stop of counting
1
1
1
Start of
counting
Start
Stop
Start
Stop
Measures the interval between falling edges.
Start of counting (measurement): When falling edge is detected
End of counting (measurement): When falling edge is detected
526
Table 25.5-6 List of Measurement Modes (2 / 2)
Measurement
mode
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
Measurement items (W: pulse width to be measured)
W
W
W
Stop of counting
Pulse width
measurement for
all edges
0
1
0
Start of
counting
Start
Stop
Start
Stop
Measures the pulse width between repeatedly input edges
Start of counting (measurement): When an edge is detected
End of counting (measurement): When an edge is detected
W
Divide interval
measurement
0
1
1
W
W
Stop of counting
Start of counting
(Example of divide-by-4)
Start
Stop
Measures an interval by dividing the input pulse with a divide ratio selected
in the divide ratio control register DIVR.
Start of counting (measurement): When a rising edge is detected soon after
the start
End of counting (measurement): When an interval ends after dividing
In any mode, counting is not performed by the timer during the time from the start of counting to the input
of the count start edge. When the count start edge is input, the timer is cleared to 0000H, and the timer
counts every count clock until a count end edge is input. When a count end edge is entered, the following
operations are executed:
1. Set the PWCSR's measurement end interrupt request flag (EDIR)
2. Stop the timer count operation (except in cases when the edge is input for a restart)
3. In repeated measurement mode, the timer value (measurement result) is transferred to the PWCR, and
the count operation is suspended until the next measurement start edge is entered.
4. In one-shot measurement mode, the measurement will end (except in cases when the edge is input for a
restart)
If, in repeated measurement mode, pulse width measurement between all edges or divide measurement is
performed, the end edge defines the next edge for measurement.
■ Minimum Input Pulse Width
The following restriction applies to pulses that are input to the pulse width measurement input pins (PWC1,
PWC0):
•
The pulse width must be four machine cycles or more (0.16 μs for a 25 MHz machine clock).
527
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
■ Pulse Width/Interval Calculation Method
The pulse width/interval to be measured can be calculated with the following formula:
TW = n × t / DIV [μs]
Where
TW: pulse width/interval to be measured [μs]
n: measurement result data in PWCR
t: count clock interval [μs]
DIV: divide ratio selected via the divide ratio control register DIVR
(use 1, except in divide frequency measurement mode)
■ Range for Counting the Pulse Width/Interval
Depending on the selected combination of count clock and divide ratio of the input divider, the allowed
pulse width/interval range for measurement will vary.
Table 25.5-7 shows a list of measurement ranges when a machine clock (φ, hereafter) of 25MHz is applied.
Table 25.5-7 List of Pulse Width Measurement Ranges
Divide ratio
DIV1
DIV0
CKS1,CKS0=00 (φ/4)
CKS1,CKS0=01 (φ/16)
CKS1,CKS0=10 (φ/32)
No division
−
−
0.16μs to 10.49ms
[0.16μs]
0.16μs to 41.94ms
[0.64μs]
0.16μs to 83.89ms
[1.28μs]
Divide-by-4
0
0
0.16μs to 2.62ms
[0.04μs]
0.16μs to 10.49ms
[0.16μs]
0.16μs to 20.97ms
[0.64μs]
Divide-by-16
0
1
0.16μs to 0.66ms
[10ns]
0.16μs to 2.62ms
[0.04μs]
0.16μs to 5.24ms
[0.16μs]
Divide-by-64
1
0
0.16μs to 164μs
[2.5ns]
0.16μs to 0.66ms
[10ns]
0.16μs to 1.31ms
[0.04μs]
Divide-by-256
1
1
0.16μs to 41μs
[0.625ns]
0.16μs to 164μs
[2.5ns]
0.16μs to 328μs
[10ns]
Note: The value in [ ] indicates the resolution per bit.
■ Generation of Interrupt Requests
In pulse width measurement mode, two types of interrupt requests can be generated, as listed below:
● Interrupt requests due to timer overflows
If an overflow occurs due to incrementing in measurement mode, an overflow flag is set. If overflow
interrupt requests are enabled, an interrupt request is generated.
● Interrupt requests due to the end of measurement
If measurement end interrupt requests are enabled, an interrupt request is generated when a measurement
end edge is detected and the PWCSR's measurement end flag (EDIR) is set.
The measurement end flag EDIR is automatically cleared when the measurement result is read out from the
PWCR.
528
■ Operational Flow of Pulse Width Measurement
Figure 25.5-6 shows the operational flow of pulse width measurement.
Various settings
Figure 25.5-6 Operational Flow of Pulse Width Measurement
Count clock selection
Operation/measurement
mode selection
Interrupt flag clear
Interrupt enable
Restart
Start with STRT bit
Repeated
measurement mode
One-shot
measurement mode
Measurement start
edge detected
Measurement start
edge detected
Clearing of timer
Clearing of timer
Start of counting
Start of counting
Incrementing
Incrementing
Overflow generated
→ OVIR flag set
Overflow generated
→ OVIR flag set
Measurement end
edge detected
→ EDIR flag set
Measurement end
edge detected
→ EDIR flag set
Stop of counting
Stop of counting
Timer value
transferred to PWCR
Operation end
529
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
25.6
Notes on PWC Timer Usage
This section provides notes on using the PWC timer.
■ Notes on PWC Timer Usage
● Notes on rewriting the register
Rewriting the bits in the PWCSR is prohibited. Rewrite the register either before the timer is started or after
the timer stops.
•
[bit7, bit6] CKS1, CKS0 (clock selection)
•
[bit5, bit4] PIS1, PIS0 (input signal selection)
•
[bit3] CKS1,CKS0 (clock selection)
•
[bit2, bit1, bit0] MOD2, MOD1, MOD0 (operation mode/measurement edge selection)
•
Rewriting DIVR during timer operation is prohibited. Rewrite it either before start or after stop of timer
operation.
● Handling the measurement end flag in timer mode
The value of the PWCSR's measurement end interrupt request flag (EDIR) is not significant in timer mode.
Consequently, set the PWCSR's measurement end interrupt enable bit (EDIE) to "0" if it is to be used in
timer mode.
● Handling of STRT and STOP bits in the PWCSR
Note that the meaning of these two bits is different depending on whether a write or read operation is
performed (Refer to Section "25.3.1 PWC Control/Status Register (PWCSR0, PWCSR1)"). The read value
returned in read-modify-write instructions is always "11B" irrespective of the value for these bits. Be sure,
therefore, not to use bit operation instructions for reading the operation state (these bits will always return
"operation in progress"). However, bit operation instructions (such as bit clear) can be used for writing the
STRT and STOP bits to start or stop the timer.
● Timer Clear
In pulse width measurement mode, the timer is cleared at the measurement start edge. The timer data will
therefore be invalid before the start of measurement.
● PWCR and timer values when the mode changes
530
•
If the timer is forcibly stopped and set to one-shot timer mode from reload timer mode, the timer value
and the value stored in the PWCR will become unspecified. Be sure to define these values before using
the timer.
•
If the timer is used in one-shot timer mode, the PWCR value is unspecified. Use the timer only after
defining the value.
•
To switch the mode from pulse width measurement mode to timer mode, specify the PWCR value again
before starting the timer.
● Minimum pulse width
The following restrictions apply to pulses that can be input to the pulse width measurement input pin.
•
Minimum pulse width: machine clock divided-by-2 (0.16 μs or more for 25 MHz machine clock)
•
Minimum input frequency: machine clock divided-by-4 (6.25 MHz or less for 25 MHz machine clock)
If a pulse with lower width or higher frequency than specified above is input, correct operation cannot be
assured. In the event that the input signal might contain noise, eliminate the noise using a filter externally
from the chip before inputting the pulse.
● Divide frequency measurement mode
In divide interval measurement mode, which is one of the pulse width measurement modes, the input pulse
is divided. Note that the pulse width as calculated from the measurement results will therefore be an
averaged value.
● Handling of clock selection bit
Do not set [bit7, bit6] of the PWCR (clock selection bits CKS1 and CKS0) to "11B".
● Handling of reserved bit
[bit8] in the PWCR is reserved. If necessary, clear this bit by writing "0".
● Restart during operation
Restarting after the count operation has been started may cause the following events depending on the
timing of restart:
•
If, in reload timer mode, a restart occurs at the same time as an overflow:
The restart is performed, but the overflow flag (OVIR) is set.
•
If, in pulse width one-shot measurement mode, a restart occurs at the same time as detection of a
measurement end edge:
Restart is performed, and the measurement end interrupt request flag (EDIR) is set.
•
If, in pulse width repeated measurement mode, a restart occurs at the same time as measurement end
edge detection:
Restart is performed, but the measurement end interrupt request flag (EDIR) is set and the measurement
result is transferred to the PWCR.
● If the PWC timer is used in "H"-pulse or L- pulse width measurement mode as the repeated
measurement mode
If, after the end of pulse width measurement, the pulse width measurement start wait state is entered, the
timer to be stopped might continue with the overflow flag (OVIR) being set before the pulse width
measurement starts. In other words, even if no overflow occurs at the next pulse width measurement end,
the overflow flag may be set. Therefore, do not use the overflow flag when you use the PWC timer in "H"pulse or "L"-pulse width measurement mode as repeated measurement mode.
531
CHAPTER 25 PWC TIMER
532
CHAPTER 26
I2C INTERFACE
This chapter provides an overview, configuration,
interrupt, and operation of the I2C interface and explains
the configuration and functions of its registers.
26.1 Overview of I2C Interface
26.2 Configuration of I2C Interface
26.3 Configuration and Functions of I2C Interface Registers
26.4 Interrupt of I2C Interface
26.5 I2C Interface Operation
533
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
26.1
Overview of I2C Interface
The I2C interface is a serial I/O port supporting the Inter IC BUS, allowing master/slave
devices to operate over the I2C bus.
■ I2C Interface Function
The I2C interface has the following functions.
534
•
Master/slave transmit/receive function
•
Arbitration function
•
Clock synchronization function
•
Slave address/general call address detection function
•
Transfer direction detection function
•
Repeated issuance of start conditions and start condition detection function
•
Bus error detection function
26.2
Configuration of I2C Interface
■ Block Diagram of the I2C Interface
Figure 26.2-1 shows a block diagram of the I2C interface.
Figure 26.2-1 Block Diagram of I2C Interface
F2MC-16LX bus
ICCR
EN
I2C enable
ICCR
Clock divider 1
5
6
7
8
CS4
Peripheral clock
Clock selector 1
CS3
Clock divider 2
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
CS2
CS1
CS0
Sync
Clock selector 2
Shift clock
edge change
timing
IBSR
BB
RSC
LRB
Shift clock generator
Bus busy
Repeat start
Last bit
Start/stop
condition detection
Transmit/
receive
TRX
Error
First byte
FBT
Arbitration lost detection
AL
IBCR
SCL
BER
BEIE
Interrupt request
INTE
IRQ
SDA
INT
IBCR
SCC
MSS
ACK
GCAA
End
Start
Master
ACK permit
Start/stop
condition generation
GC-ACK permit
IDAR
IBCR
AAS
GCA
Slave
Global call
Slave address
compare
IADR
535
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
■ Pin Related to I2C Interface
The pin related to the I2C interface has the SDA data input/output pin and SCL clock input/output pin. The
SCL/SDA pins function as the general-purpose I/O port (P76/SCL, P77/SDA) and I2C interface. When
using as the general-purpose I/O port, data is always enabled as port because P76, P77 of the port direction
register (DDR) do not exist (MB90980 series only). In MB90980 series, the P76/SCL, P77/SDA pins are
N-ch open-drain pin.
● Setting when using as SCL/SDA pin
When using as the I2C interface, the port data register should be set (PDR7 : bit14, bit15 → "1"). Also, when
using as the input port, the pull-up resistor must be added to the external pin.
■ Block Diagram of Pin Related to I2C Interface
Figure 26.2-2 Block Diagram of Pin Related to I2C Interface
Peripheral function input
(SCL/SDA)
Port data register(PDR)
Peripheral function output (SCL/SDA)
Peripheral function output enable
Internal data bus
PDR Read
Output latch
Pin
PDR Write
N-ch
Standby control(SPL=1)
Standby control : Stop mode (SPL=1), time-base timer mode (SPL=1), watch mode (SPL=1)
536
26.3
Configuration and Functions of I2C Interface Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the I2C interface registers.
■ List of I2C Interface Registers
● Bus status register (IBSR)
Figure 26.3-1 Bus Status Register (IBSR)
Bus status register(IBSR)
bit7
Address:
000088H
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
Initial value
BB RSC AL LRB TRX AAS GCA FBT
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
00000000B
R
R: Read only
● Bus control register (IBCR)
Figure 26.3-2 Bus Control Register (IBCR)
Bus control register (IBCR)
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
Address:
bit9
Initial value
bit8
000089H BER BEIE SCC MSS ACK GCAA INTE INT
00000000B
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
● Clock control register (ICCR)
Figure 26.3-3 Clock Control Register (ICCR)
Clock control register (ICCR)
Address:
00008AH
R/W:
-:
Readable/writable
Undefined
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
-
-
EN CS4 CS3 CS2 CS1 CS0
-
-
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Initial value
--0XXXXXB
● Address register (IADR)
Figure 26.3-4 Address Register (IADR)
Address register (IADR)
Address:
00008BH
R/W:
-:
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
-
Readable/writable
Undefined
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
bit9
bit8
Initial value
A1
A0
-XXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
537
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
● Data register (IDAR)
Figure 26.3-5 Data Register (IDAR)
Data register (IDAR)
R/W:
538
Address:
bit7
bit6
bit5
00008CH
D7
D6 D5
bit4
bit3
D4 D3
bit2
bit1
bit0
D2
D1
D0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Readable/writable
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
26.3.1
Bus Status Register (IBSR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the bus status register (IBSR).
■ Bus Status Register (IBSR)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the bus status register (IBSR).
Figure 26.3-6 Bit Configuration of Bus Status Register (IBSR)
Bus status register(IBSR)
Address:
000088H
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
BB RSC AL LRB TRX AAS GCA FBT
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial value
00000000B
R
R: Read only
The functions of bits in the bus status register (IBSR) are described below.
[bit7] BB: Bus Busy
This bit is used to indicate the I2C bus status.
BB
Operation
0
Stop condition is detected.
1
Start condition is detected (bus is used).
[bit6] RSC: Repeated Start Condition
This bit is used to detect a repeated start condition.
RSC
Operation
0
Repeated start condition is not detected.
1
Start condition is detected again when bus is used.
This bit is cleared by setting the INT bit to "0", addressing in a mode other than slave mode, detecting a
start condition in bus idle state, or detecting a stop condition.
[bit5] AL: Arbitration Lost
This bit is used to detect the arbitration lost state.
AL
Operation
0
Arbitration lost is not detected.
1
Arbitration lost is generated in master transfer mode, or the MSS bit is set to "1" while another
system is using the bus.
Cleared if the INT bit is set to "0".
539
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
[bit4] LRB: Last Received bit
This bit is an acknowledge storage bit used to store an acknowledgement from the reception side.
LRB
Operation
0
Reception is acknowledged.
1
Reception is not acknowledged.
This bit is cleared if a start or stop condition is detected.
[bit3] TRX: Transfer/Receive
This bit is used to indicate transmission or reception for data transfer.
TRX
Operation
0
Reception
1
Transmission
[bit2] AAS: Addressed As Slave
This bit is used to detect the addressing mode.
AAS
Operation
0
Addressing was performed in a mode other than slave mode.
1
Addressing was performed in slave mode.
This bit is cleared if a start or stop condition is detected.
[bit1] GCA: General Call Address
This bit is used to detect the general call address (00H).
GCA
Operation
0
No general call address is received in slave mode.
1
A general call address is received in slave mode.
This bit is cleared if a start or stop condition is detected.
[bit0] FBT: First Byte Transfer
This bit is used to detect the first byte (address data).
FBT
Operation
0
The data received is not first byte.
1
The data received is first byte (address data).
This bit is cleared if the INT bit is set to "0" or addressing was performed in a mode other than slave
mode, even though the bit was set to "1" because of detection for a start condition.
540
26.3.2
Bus Control Register (IBCR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the bus control register
(IBCR).
■ Bus Control Register (IBCR)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the bus control register (IBCR).
Figure 26.3-7 Bit Configuration of Bus Control Register (IBCR)
Bus control register (IBCR)
Address:
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
bit9
bit8
000089H BER BEIE SCC MSS ACK GCAA INTE INT
Initial value
00000000B
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W: Readable/writable
The functions of bits in the bus control register (IBCR) are as follows.
[bit15] BER: Bus ERror
This bit is a bus error interrupt request flag. The function of this bit in write and read operations is
different.
(During writing)
BER
Operation
0
Bus error interrupt request flag is cleared.
1
Not applicable.
(During reading)
BER
Operation
0
No bus error was detected.
1
An illegal start or stop condition was detected in data transfer mode.
If this bit is set, the EN bit of the ICCR register is cleared and the I2C interface enters the stop state with
the data transfer interrupted.
[bit14] BEIE: Bus Error Interrupt Enable
This bit is used to enable bus error interrupts.
BEIE
Operation
0
Bus error interrupts prohibited.
1
Bus error interrupts allowed.
If, with this bit set to "1", the BER bit is set to "1", an interrupt is generated.
541
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
[bit13] SCC: Start Condition Continue
This bit is used to generate a start condition.
(During writing)
SCC
Operation
0
Not applicable.
1
Start condition is generated again in master transfer mode.
Read operations always return "0" for this bit.
[bit12] MSS: Master Slave Select
This bit is used to select between master mode and slave mode.
MSS
Operation
0
After the stop condition is generated and transferred, the device enters slave mode.
1
The device enters master mode, the start condition is generated, and transfer starts.
This bit is cleared if arbitration lost is detected in master transfer mode. The device then enters slave
mode.
Note:
When using on the following condition, the transmission of the general call address is prohibited
because it cannot receive it as a slave.
• When other LSI that becomes a mastering mode besides this LSI exists on the bus and this LSI
transmits the general call address as a master and the arbitration lost is generated since the
second byte.
[bit11] ACK: ACKnowledge
This bit is used to allow acknowledge generation when data is received.
ACK
Operation
0
No acknowledge generated.
1
Acknowledge generated.
This bit is invalid if address data is received in slave mode.
[bit10] GCAA: General Call Address Acknowledge
This bit is used to enable acknowledge generation when a general call address (00H) is received.
GCAA
542
Operation
0
No acknowledge generated.
1
Acknowledge generated.
[bit9] INTE: INTerrupt Enable
This bit is used to enable interrupts.
INTE
Operation
0
Interrupts prohibited.
1
Interrupts allowed.
If this bit is set to "1" when the INT bit is set to "1", an interrupt is generated.
[bit8] INT: INTerrupt
This bit is used as a transfer end interrupt request flag.
(During writing)
INT
Operation
0
Clears the transfer end interrupt request flag.
1
Not applicable.
(During reading)
INT
Operation
0
Transfer has not ended.
1
This bit is set if the following conditions are met when one byte including an acknowledge bit is
transferred:
• Byte transferred in bus master transfer
• Byte transferred in slave mode with addressing
• General call address is received
• Arbitration lost occurs
• Attempt to generate a start condition while other systems use the bus.
If this bit is "1", the SCL line is kept at the "L" level. This bit is cleared by writing "0" before the SCL
line is opened for transfer of the next byte. Alternatively, this bit is reset to "0" if, in master mode, a
start or stop condition is generated.
543
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
Notes:
When an instruction which generates a start condition is executed (the MSS bit is set to 1) at the
timing shown in Figure 26.3-8 and Figure 26.3-9, arbitration lost detection (AL bit = 1)
prevents an interrupt (INT bit = 1) from being generated.
• Condition 1 in which an interrupt (INT bit = 1) upon detection of " AL bit = 1 " does not occurs
When an instruction which generates a start condition is executed (setting the MSS bit in the
IBCR register to 1) with no start condition detected (BB bit = 0) and with the SDA or SCL pin at
the " L " level.
Figure 26.3-8 Diagram of Timing at which an Interrupt Upon Detection of "AL Bit = 1" does not Occur
SCL or SDA pin at "L" level
SCL pin
1
"L"
SDA pin
"L"
I2C operating enable state (EN bit = 1)
Master mode setting (MSS bit = 1)
Arbitration lost detection (AL bit = 1)
544
Bus busy (BB bit )
0
Interrupt (INT bit )
0
• Condition 2 in which an interrupt (INT bit = 1) upon detection of " AL bit = 1 " does not occurs
When an instruction which generates a start condition by enabling I2C operation (EN bit = 1) is
executed (setting the MSS bit in the IBCR register to 1) with the I2C bus occupied by another
master.
This is because, as shown in Figure 26.3-9, when the other master on the I2C bus starts
communication with I2C disabled (EN bit = 0), the I2C bus enters the occupied state with no start
condition detected (BB bit = 0).
Figure 26.3-9 Diagram of Timing at which an Interrupt Upon Detection of "AL Bit = 1" does not Occur
Start condition
The INT bit interrupt does not
occur in the ninth clock cycle.
Stop condition
SCL pin
SDA pin
SLAVE ADDRESS
ACK
DAT
ACK
EN bit
MSS bit
AL bit
BB bit
0
0
INT bit
If a symptom as described above can occur, follow the procedure below for software processing.
1) Execute the instruction that generates a start condition (set the MSS bit to 1).
2) Use, for example, the timer function to wait for the time* for three - bit data transmission at the
I2C transfer frequency set in the ICCR register.
Example: Time for three - bit data transmission at an I2C transfer frequency of 100 kHz
{1/(100 x 103)} x 3 = 30 μs
3) Check the AL and BB bits in the IBSR register and, if the AL and BB bits are 1 and 0,
respectively, set the EN bit in the ICCR register to 0 to initialize I2C. When the AL and BB bits
are not so, perform normal processing.
545
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
A sample flow is given below.
Master mode setting
Set the MSS bit in the bus control register (IBCR) to "1".
Wait * for the time of three - bit data transmission at the I2C
transfer frequency set in the clock control register (ICCR).
NO
BB bit = 0 and AL bit = 1 ?
YES
to normal process
Set the EN bit to "0" to initialize I2C
*: When "arbitration lost" is detected, the MSS bit is set to 1 and then the AL bit is set to 1 without fail after the
time for three - bit data transmission at the I2C transfer frequency.
• Example of occurrence for an interrupt (INT bit = 1) upon detection of "AL bit = 1"
When an instruction which generates a start condition is executed (setting the MSS bit to 1) with
"bus busy" detected (BB bit = 1) and arbitration is lost, the INT bit interrupt occurs upon detection
of "AL bit = 1".
Figure 26.3-10 Diagram of Timing at which an Interrupt Upon Detection of "AL Bit = 1" Occurs
Start condition
Interrupt in the ninth clock cycle
SCL pin
SDA pin
SLAVE ADDRESS
ACK
DAT
EN bit
MSS bit
AL bit
BB bit
INT bit
546
Clearing the AL bit
by software
Releasing the SCL by clearing
the INT bit by software
■ Notes on Using the Bus Control Register (IBCR)
Setting the SCC bit to "1" and the MSS bit to "0" at the same time is prohibited.
Writing to the SCC, MSS, and INT bits at the same time will cause a conflict between transfer of the next
byte and generation of start or stop conditions. In this case, the priority is specified as follows.
● Next byte transfer and stop condition generation
If the INT and MSS bits are set to "0", setting of the MSS bit to "0" has priority and the stop condition is
generated.
● Next byte transfer and start condition generation
If the INT bit is set to "0" and the SCC bit is set to "1", setting of the SCC bit to "1" has priority and the
start condition is generated.
● Start condition generation and stop condition generation
Setting the SCC bit to "1" and the MSS bit to "0" at the same time is prohibited.
547
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
26.3.3
Clock Control Register (ICCR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the clock control register
(ICCR).
■ Clock Control Register (ICCR)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the clock control register (ICCR).
Figure 26.3-11 Bit Configuration of Clock Control Register (ICCR)
Clock control register (ICCR)
Address:
bit7
bit6
-
-
EN CS4 CS3 CS2 CS1 CS0
-
-
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
00008AH
R/W:
-:
Readable/writable
Undefined
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
Initial value
--0XXXXXB
The functions of the clock control register (ICCR) are as follows.
[bit7, bit6] Unused
These bits are unused.
[bit5] EN: ENable
This bit is used to enable I2C interface operation.
EN
Operation
0
Operation disabled
1
Operation enabled
•
When this bit is set to "0", each bit of the IBSR register and the IBCR register (except for the BER and
BEIE bits) is cleared.
•
Setting the BER bit clears this bit.
[bit4 to bit0] CS4 to CS0: Clock Period Select 4 to 0
These bits are used to set the frequency of the serial clock. The shift clock frequency fsck is set in this
register according to the following formula.
The values for m and n must be as shown in Table 26.3-1 for CS4 to CS0.
fsck =
548
φ
m×n+4
φ: Machine clock
Table 26.3-1 Serial Clock Frequency Settings
m
CS4
CS3
n
CS2
CS1
CS0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
6
0
1
8
0
0
1
7
1
0
16
0
1
0
8
1
1
32
0
1
1
64
1
0
0
128
1
0
1
256
1
1
0
512
1
1
1
Note:
The "+ 4" cycle in the formula reflects the minimum overhead for checking whether the output level
of the SCL pin has changed. If the rising edge of the SCL pin is delayed or a slave device delays the
clock, the overhead increases. Do not set the serial clock frequency to 100 kHz or more.
549
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
26.3.4
Address Register (IADR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the address register (IADR).
■ Address Register (IADR)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the address register (IADR).
Figure 26.3-12 Bit Configuration of Address Register (IADR)
Address register (IADR)
Address:
00008BH
R/W:
-:
bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10
-
Readable/writable
Undefined
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
bit9
bit8
Initial value
A1
A0
-XXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
[bit14 to bit8] A6 to A0
These bits are a slave address bit and used as a register to specify the slave address. In slave mode,
received address data is compared with the data in the IDAR register. If the data matches, the device
transmits an acknowledge signal to the master.
[bit15] Unused
This bit is unused.
550
26.3.5
Data Register (IDAR)
This section describes the configuration and functions of the data register (IDAR).
■ Data Register (IDAR)
The diagram below shows the bit configuration of the data register (IDAR).
Figure 26.3-13 Bit Configuration of Data Register (IDAR)
Data register (IDAR)
R/W:
Address:
bit7
bit6
bit5
00008CH
D7
D6 D5
bit4
bit3
D4 D3
bit2
bit1
bit0
D2
D1
D0
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Readable/writable
[bit7 to bit0] D7 to D0
These bits are used as data bits.
These bits constitute a data register for serial transfer starting with the MSB. If data is received (TRX =
0), the data output value becomes "1".
With respect to writing, this register consists of a double buffer. If the bus is active (BB = 1), write data
is loaded into the register for serial transfer. When the register is directly read for serial transfer, note
that the receive data is only valid if the INT bit of the IBCR register is set.
551
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
26.4
Interrupt of I2C Interface
The interrupt of I2C interface occurs when the transfer of data is terminated.
■ Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of I2C Interface
The interrupt control bit and interrupt source of I2C interface is shown in the following table.
Table 26.4-1 Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of I2C Interface
I2C interrupt
Interrupt request flag
IBCR:INT (bit8)
Interrupt request output enable bit
IBCR:INTE (bit9)
Interrupt generation source
End of I2C transfer
■ Interrupt Source of I2C Interface
Only one interrupt source is provided on the I2C bus. The interrupt generates if the interrupt conditions are
met when 1 byte transfer is terminated.
Each flag must be checked in the interrupt routine because multiple interrupt conditions are determined
using one interrupt. The interrupt conditions at termination of 1 byte transfer are shown as follows.
• Byte transferred in bus master transfer
• Byte transferred in slave mode with addressing
• General call address is received
• Arbitration lost occurs
552
■ Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and EI2OS
Table 26.4-2 shows the relationship between the interrupt source, interrupt vector, and interrupt control
register other than software interrupt.
Table 26.4-2 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt source
I2C interface *
EI2OS
clear
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
Number
Address
×
×
#39
FFFF60H
ICR14
0000BEH
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
× : Interrupt request flag is not cleared.
* : This interrupt source shares the interrupt source and interrupt number of other peripheral function.
For details, see Table 4.2-2.
Note:
If there are two interrupt sources in the same interrupt number, resource clears both interrupt
request flags. Therefore, when one of two sources uses the EI2OS/μDMAC function, the other
interrupt function cannot use. The interrupt request enable bit of the relevant resource is set to "0" to
execute the software polling processing.
■ Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS Function
The I2C interface does not correspond to the DMA transfer function and EI2OS function.
553
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
26.5
I2C Interface Operation
The I2C bus performs communication using two bidirectional bus lines that consist of
one serial data line (SDA) and one serial clock line (SCL). The I2C interface has instead
two open drain input/output pins (SDA, SCL) that allow hard-wired logic to be used.
■ Start Condition
If the bus is open (BB = 0, MSS = 0) and the MSS bit is set to "1", the I2C interface enters master mode and
the start condition is generated as well. Even if the bus is active (BB = 1) in master mode, the start
condition will be generated again if the SCC bit is set to "1". There are two ways to generate the start
condition:
•
In the state where the bus is not used (MSS = 0 & BB = 0 & INT = 0 & AL = 0), setting of the MSS bit
to "1"
•
In interrupt state and bus master mode (MSS = 1 & BB = 1 & INT = 1 & AL = 0), setting of the SCC
bit to "1"
If the MSS bit is set to "1" when another system uses the bus (in idle state), the AL bit is set to "1". In states
other than the above, setting the MSS bit and SCC bit to "1" is ignored.
■ Stop Condition
If the MSS bit is set to "0" in master mode (MSS = 1), a stop condition is generated and the devices enter
slave mode. A stop condition is generated when the following conditions exist:
•
If the MSS bit is set to "0" in bus master mode and in interrupt state (MSS = 1 & BB = 1 & INT = 1 &
AL = 0).
In the other modes, setting the MSS bit to "0" is ignored.
■ Addressing
If, in master mode, a start condition is generated by setting BB = 1 and TRX = 1, the contents of the IDAR
register are output starting with the MSB. When, after the address data has been transmitted, acknowledge
is received from the slave, the TRX bit is set to the opposite value of bit0 for the transmitted data (IDAR
register: bit0 after transmission).
In slave mode, after a start condition is generated by setting BB = 1 and TRX = 0, transmitted data from the
master is received in the IDAR register. After the address data has been received, the IDAR register and
IADR register are compared. If the contents of these registers match, AAS is set to "1", and acknowledge is
transmitted to the master. Next, the TRX bit is set to the same value as bit0 of the received data (IDAR
register: bit0 after reception).
■ Arbitration
If, when a master transmits, another master transmits data at the same time, arbitration occurs. If the signal
of the locally transmitted data represents "1" and the data on the SDA line is represented by the "L" level,
AL is set to "1" on the assumption that local arbitration is lost. As previously described, AL is set to "1"
when a start condition occurs, even though the bus is active at the time. Setting AL to "1" results in MSS =
0 and TRX = 0, and the device enters slave reception mode.
554
■ Acknowledge
Acknowledge is transmitted from the receiving side to the transmitting side. The ACK bit is used to
represent an acknowledge upon data reception. If data is transmitted, an acknowledge from the receive side
is stored in the LRB bit.
If no acknowledge is received from the master side (receiving device) after reception from the slave
(transmitting side), the TRX bit is set to "0" and the device enters slave reception state. The master device
will in this case generate a stop condition when the slave opens the SCL line.
■ Bus Error
If the following conditions are satisfied, it can be assumed that a bus error occurred, and the I2C interface
will enter stop mode.
•
If an I2C bus basic standard violation is detected in data transfer mode (when an ACK bit is included).
•
If a stop condition is detected in master mode
•
If an I2C bus basic standard violation is detected in bus idle mode.
■ Other Considerations
● Processing after arbitration lost is detected
When arbitration lost is detected, the software has to determine whether local addressing was applied.
If arbitration lost occurs, the device enters slave mode on the hardware level, and after 1-byte transfer has
been completed, both the CLK line and DATA line are set to "L" level. Consequently, without proper
addressing, both the CLK line and DATA line will be immediately opened. With addressing, slave
transmission or slave reception will have been set up before the CLK line and DATA line are opened (all of
these preparations must be performed by software).
● Interrupt sources when arbitration lost is detected
If arbitration lost is detected, an interrupt source is not generated immediately, but only after the transfer of
one byte is completed.
If arbitration lost is detected, the device enters slave mode on the hardware level. Even if this occurs in
slave mode, a total of nine clocks will be output before the interrupt source is generated. Since interrupt
sources are not generated immediately, no interrupt processing is performed after arbitration lost occurs.
555
CHAPTER 26 I2C INTERFACE
● Interrupt conditions
There is only one interrupt that can be generated related to the I2C bus. The interrupt source is generated
either after the end of the transfer for one byte, or because another predefined interrupt condition was met.
Since there is only one interrupt, which of multiple interrupt conditions responsible for the interrupt must
be identified by checking flags in the interrupt routine. Possible interrupt conditions after transfer of one
byte has been performed are listed below.
•
Interrupt in bus master mode
•
Interrupt during slave mode with addressing
•
Interrupt after a general call address is received
•
"Arbitration lost" occurred
● Transfer speed
Note that the maximum transfer speed of the I2C bus is 100 kHz (the frequency of the serial clock).
556
APPENDIX
The appendix provides the memory map and lists the
instructions used in the F2MC-16LX.
APPENDIX A Memory Map
APPENDIX B I/O Map
APPENDIX C Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control
Register
APPENDIX D Instructions
557
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Memory Map
Memory space is divided according to three usage modes.
■ Memory Space
The memory space is divided according to three usage modes shown in Figure A-1.
Figure A-1 Memory Map
Single chip
FFFFFFH
ROM area
Address #1
FC0000H
010000H
ROM area,
Image of
bank FF
Address #2
Address #3
RAM Register
000100H
0000D0H
Peripheral
000000H
: Internal
: No access
Note :There is no external area available for product type for which address #3 and address #2 overlap.
Table A-1 shows the relationship among address #1, address #2, and address #3 for each product type.
558
APPENDIX A Memory Map
Table A-1 Relationship Among address #1, address #2, and address #3 by Product Type
Type
Address #1
MB90F983
FC0000H*1
MB90982
FD0000H*2
Address #2
The MS bit of the ROMM register can
be used to select 004000H or 008000H.
Address #3
003100H
002900H
*1 : Memory cell is not available at FC0000H to FC7FFFH and FE0000H to FE7FFFH.
*2 : Memory cell is not available at FE0000H to FEFFFFH.
In MB90F983 model, the ROM contents of bank FF (between FC0000H and FC7FFFH or between FE0000H
and FE7FFFH) can be viewed as an image in the upper part of bank 00, allowing the C compiler's small model to
be more efficiently utilized. Because the lower 16-bit address of bank FF and that of bank 00 are identical,
pointer declarations do not require the "far" specification to refer the table in ROM. For example, an access to
00C000H will actually be performed as access to the ROM contents at FFC000H. However, because the ROM
area in bank FF exceeds 48 KB if the MS bit of the ROMM register is set to 0, not all of the areas can be viewed
via their image in bank 00. For this reason, an image of the area from FF4000H to FFFFFFH can be seen in bank
00, while an image of the area from FF0000H to FF3FFFH can only be viewed via bank FF.
559
APPENDIX
APPENDIX B I/O Map
Table B-1 shows the addresses assigned to the registers for each peripheral function.
■ I/O Map
Table B-1 shows the addresses assigned to the registers for each peripheral function.
Table B-1 I/O Map (1 / 8)
Address
Register
000000H,
000001H
Abbreviation
Access
Resource
Initial value
(Reserved area)
000002H
Port 2 data register
PDR2
R/W
Port 2
XXXXXXXXB
000003H
Port 3 data register
PDR3
R/W
Port 3
XXXXXXXXB
000004H
Port 4 data register
PDR4
R/W
Port 4
XXXXXXXXB
000005H
(Reserved area)
000006H
Port 6 data register
PDR6
R/W
Port 6
XXXXXXXXB
000007H
Port 7 data register
PDR7
R/W
Port 7
11XXXXXXB
000008H
Port 8 data register
PDR8
R/W
Port 8
XXXXXXXXB
000009H
Port 9 data register
PDR9
R/W
Port 9
XXXXXXXXB
00000AH
Port A data register
PDRA
R/W
Port A
- - - - XXXXB
00000BH
Up/down timer input enable register
UDER
R/W
Up/down timer input
control
XX 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00000CH
Interrupt/DTP enable register
ENIR
R/W
00000DH
Interrupt/DTP source register
EIRR
R/W
00000EH
Request level setting register
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
DTP/external
interrupts
XXXXXXXXB
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
ELVR
00000FH
Request level setting register
000010H,
000011H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
R/W
(Reserved area)
000012H
Port 2 direction register
DDR2
R/W
Port 2
0 0 0 0 XXXXB
000013H
Port 3 direction register
DDR3
R/W
Port 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000014H
Port 4 direction register
DDR4
R/W
Port 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000015H
(Reserved area)
000016H
Port 6 direction register
DDR6
R/W
Port 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000017H
Port 7 direction register
DDR7
R/W
Port 7
XXX 0 0 0 0 0B
560
APPENDIX B I/O Map
Table B-1 I/O Map (2 / 8)
Address
Register
Abbreviation
Access
Resource
Initial value
000018H
Port 8 direction register
DDR8
R/W
Port 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000019H
Port 9 direction register
DDR9
R/W
Port 9
0 0 XX 0 0 0 0B
00001AH
Port A direction register
DDRA
R/W
Port A
- - - - 0 0 0 0B
00001BH
Port 4 output pin register
ODR4
R/W
Port 4
(Open-drain
control)
XXXXX 0 0 0B
00001CH,
00001DH
(Reserved area)
00001EH
Port 7 output pin register
ODR7
R/W
Port 7
(Open-drain
control)
XXX0 0 0 0 0B
00001FH
Analog input enable register
ADER
R/W
Port 6, A/D
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1B
000020H
Serial mode register
SMR
R/W
000021H
Serial control register
SCR
W, R/W
0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0B
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0B
UART
000022H
Serial input/output register
000023H
Serial status register
000024H
SIDR/ SODR
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
SSR
R, R/W
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0B
(Reserved area)
000025H
Communication prescaler control register
CDCR
R/W
000026H
Serial mode control status register 0
SMCS0
R, R/W
000027H
Serial mode control status register 0
SMCS0
R, R/W
000028H
Serial data register 0
SDR0
R/W
000029H
Communication prescaler control register 0
SDCR0
R/W
00002AH
Serial mode control status register 1
SMCS1
R, R/W
00002BH
Serial mode control status register 1
SMCS1
R, R/W
00002CH
Serial data register 1
SDR1
R/W
00002DH
Communication prescaler control register 1
SDCR1
R/W
Communication
prescaler (UART)
0 0 -- 0 0 0 0B
- - - - 0 0 0 0B
SIO1 (ch.0)
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0B
XXXXXXXXB
Communication
prescaler SIO1 (ch.0)
0 - - - 0 0 0 0B
- - - - 0 0 0 0B
SIO2 (ch.1)
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0B
XXXXXXXXB
Communication
prescaler SIO2 (ch.1)
0 - - - 0 0 0 0B
561
APPENDIX
Table B-1 I/O Map (3 / 8)
Address
Register
Abbreviation
Access
Resource
Initial value
00002EH
Reload register L (ch.0)
PRLL0
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
00002FH
Reload register H (ch.0)
PRLH0
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
000030H
Reload register L (ch.1)
PRLL1
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
000031H
Reload resister H (ch.1)
PRLH1
R/W
000032H
Reload register L (ch.2)
PRLL2
R/W
000033H
Reload register H (ch.2)
PRLH2
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
000034H
Reload register L (ch.3)
PRLL3
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
000035H
Reload register H (ch.3)
PRLH3
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
000036H to
000039H
PPG0 operating mode control register
PPGC0
R/W
00003BH
PPG1 operating mode control register
PPGC1
R/W
00003CH
PPG2 operating mode control register
PPGC2
R/W
00003DH
PPG3 operating mode control register
PPGC3
R/W
00003EH,
00003FH
XXXXXXXXB
0 X 0 0 0XX 1B
8/16-bit PPG
(ch.0 to ch.3)
0 X 0 0 0 0 0 1B
0 X 0 0 0XX 1B
0 X 0 0 0 0 0 1B
(Reserved area)
PPG0, PPG1 output control register
000041H
000042H
XXXXXXXXB
(Reserved area)
00003AH
000040H
8/16-bit PPG
(ch.0 to ch.3)
PPG01
R/W
8/16-bit PPG
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
8/16-bit PPG
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
(Reserved area)
PPG2, PPG3 output control register
PPG23
R/W
000043H
(Reserved area)
000044H,
000045H
(Reserved area)
000046H
ADCS1
R/W
ADCS2
W, R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
Control status register
000047H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
A/D converter
000048H
ADCR1
R
XXXXXXXXB
ADCR2
W, R
0 0 0 0 0 XXXB
Data register
000049H
562
APPENDIX B I/O Map
Table B-1 I/O Map (4 / 8)
Address
00004AH
Register
Abbreviation
Access
OCCP0
R/W
Output compare register (ch.0) upper digits
00004CH
Output compare register (ch.1) lower digits
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
OCCP1
00004DH
Output compare register (ch.1) upper dig-its
00004EH
Output compare register (ch.2) lower digits
OCCP2
00004FH
Output compare register (ch.2) upper digits
000050H
Output compare register (ch.3) lower digits
R/W
R/W
16-bit input/output
timer output
compare
(ch.0 to ch.3)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00000000B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
OCCP3
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
Output compare register (ch.3) upper digits
000052H to
000055H
Initial value
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
Output compare register (ch.0) lower digits
00004BH
000051H
Resource
(Reserved area)
000056H
Output compare control register (ch.0, ch.1)
lower digits
000057H
Output compare control register (ch.0, ch.1)
upper digits
R/W
000058H
Output compare control register (ch.2, ch.3)
lower digits
R/W
000059H
Output compare control register (ch.2, ch.3)
upper digits
0 0 0 0 - - 0 0B
R/W
OCS01
16-bit input/output
timer output compare
(ch.0 to ch.3)
- - - 0 0 0 0 0B
0 0 0 0 - - 0 0B
OCS23
00005AH,
00005BH
00005CH
- - - 0 0 0 0 0B
R/W
(Reserved area)
Input capture data register (ch.0) lower digits
XXXXXXXXB
R
IPCP0
00005DH
00005EH
Input capture data register (ch.0) upper digits
Input capture data register (ch.1) lower digits
R
IPCP1
00005FH
Input capture data register (ch.1) upper digits
000060H
Input capture control status register
000061H
XXXXXXXXB
R
ICS01
16-bit input/output
timer input capture
(ch.0, ch.1)
XXXXXXXXB
R
XXXXXXXXB
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
(Reserved area)
000062H
Timer counter data register lower digits
TCDT
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000063H
Timer counter data register upper digits
TCDT
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000064H
Timer counter control status register
TCCS
R/W
000065H
Timer counter control status register
TCCS
R/W
000066H
Compare clear register lower digits
CPCLR
R/W
000067H
Compare clear register upper digits
16-bit input/output
timer free run timer
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0 - - 0 0 0 0 0B
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
563
APPENDIX
Table B-1 I/O Map (5 / 8)
Address
Register
Abbreviation
Access
Resource
Initial value
000068H
Up/down count register (ch.0)
UDCR0
R
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000069H
Up/down count register (ch.1)
UDCR1
R
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00006AH
Reload/compare register (ch.0)
RCR0
W
00006BH
Reload/compare register (ch.1)
RCR1
W
00006CH
Counter control register (ch.0) lower digits
CCRL0
W, R/W
0 X 0 0 X 0 0 0B
00006DH
Counter control register (ch.0) upper digits
CCRH0
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00006EH
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
(Reserved area)
00006FH
ROM mirror function select register
ROMM
R/W
000070H
Counter control register (ch.1) lower digits
CCRL1
R/W
000071H
Counter control register (ch.1) upper digits
CCRH1
R/W
000072H
Counter status register (ch.0)
CSR0
R/W
000073H
000074H
8/16-bit up/down timer
counter
ROM mirroring
function
------01B
0 X 0 0 X 0 0 0B
8/16-bit up/down
counter/timer
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
(Reserved area)
Counter status register (ch.1)
000075H
CSR1
R, R/W
8/16-bit up/down
counter/timer
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
(Reserved area)
000076H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
PWC control/status register
PWCSR0
R, R/W
000077H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 XB
PWC timer (ch.0)
000078H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
PWC data buffer register
PWCR0
R/W
000079H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00007AH
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
PWC control/status register
PWCSR1
R, R/W
00007BH
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 XB
PWC timer (ch.1)
00007CH
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
PWC data buffer register
PWCR1
R/W
00007DH
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00007EH to
000081H
000082H
(Reserved area)
Dividing ratio control register
000083H
000084H
000085H to
000087H
564
DIVR0
R/W
PWC (ch.0)
- - -- - - 0 0B
PWC (ch.1)
- - -- - - 0 0B
(Reserved area)
Dividing ratio control register
DIVR1
R/W
(Reserved area)
APPENDIX B I/O Map
Table B-1 I/O Map (6 / 8)
Address
Register
Abbreviation
Access
Resource
Initial value
000088H
Bus status register
IBSR
R
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
000089H
Bus control register
IBCR
R/W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00008AH
Clock control register
ICCR
R/W
00008BH
Address register
IADR
R/W
- X X X X X X XB
00008CH
Data register
IDAR
R/W
XXXXXXXXB
00008DH,
00008EH
(Reserved area)
00008FH to
00009BH
(Disabled)
I2C
-- 0 X X X X XB
00009CH
μDMAC status register
DSRL
R/W
μDMAC
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00009DH
μDMAC status register
DSRH
R/W
μDMAC
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00009EH
Program address detection control status
resister
PACSR
R/W
Address match
detection function
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
00009FH
Delay interrupt source generate/ cancel
register
DIRR
R/W
Delay interrupt
generation module
- - - - --- 0B
0000A0H
Low-power consumption mode control register
LPMCR
W, R/W
Low-power
consumption
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0B
0000A1H
Clock select register
CKSCR
R, R/W
Low-power
consumption
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0B
μDMAC
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0000A2H,
0000A3H
0000A4H
(Reserved area)
μDMAC stop status register
0000A5H to
0000A7H
DSSR
R/W
(Reserved area)
0000A8H
Watchdog timer control register
WDTC
R, W
Watchdog timer
XXXXX 1 1 1B
0000A9H
Time-base timer control register
TBTC
W, R/W
Time-base timer
1 X X 0 0 1 0 0B
0000AAH
Watch timer control register
WTC
R, R/W
Watch timer
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0B
0000ABH
(Reserved area)
0000ACH
μDMAC enable register
DERL
R/W
μDMAC
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0000ADH
μDMAC enable register
DERH
R/W
μDMAC
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0000AEH
Flash memory control status register
FMCS
W, R/W
Flash memory I/F
0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0B
0000AFH
(Disabled)
565
APPENDIX
Table B-1 I/O Map (7 / 8)
Address
Register
Abbreviation
Access
0000B0H
Resource
Initial value
Interrupt control register 00
ICR00
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B1H
Interrupt control register 01
ICR01
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B2H
Interrupt control register 02
ICR02
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B3H
Interrupt control register 03
ICR03
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B4H
Interrupt control register 04
ICR04
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B5H
Interrupt control register 05
ICR05
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B6H
Interrupt control register 06
ICR06
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B7H
interrupt control register 07
ICR07
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
Interrupt controller
0000B8H
Interrupt control register 08
ICR08
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000B9H
Interrupt control register 09
ICR09
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000BAH
Interrupt control register 10
ICR10
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000BBH
Interrupt control register 11
ICR11
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000BCH
Interrupt control register 12
ICR12
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000BDH
Interrupt control register 13
ICR13
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000BEH
Interrupt control register 14
ICR14
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000BFH
Interrupt control register 15
ICR15
W, R/W
X X X X 0 1 1 1B
0000C0H to
0000C9H
(Reserved area)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B
0000CAH
Timer control status register
TMCSR
R/W
0000CBH
- - - - 0 0 0 0B
16-bit reload timer
0000CCH
16-bit timer register/ 16-bit reload register
0000CDH
0000CEH
0000CFH
TMR/
TMRLR
(Reserved area)
PLL output selection register
PLLOS
W
0000D0H to
0000FFH
(External area)
000100H to
#H
(RAM area)
566
XXXXXXXXB
R/W
Low-power
consumption
- - - - - - 0 0B
APPENDIX B I/O Map
Table B-1 I/O Map (8 / 8)
Address
Register
001FF0H
Program address detection resister 0 (Low
order address)
001FF1H
Program address detection resister 0 (Middle
order address)
001FF2H
Program address detection resister 0 (High
order address)
001FF3H
Program address detection resister 1 (Low
order address)
001FF4H
Program address detection resister 1 (Middle
order address)
001FF5H
Program address detection resister 1 (High
order address)
Abbreviation
Access
Resource
Initial value
PADR0
R/W
Address match
detection function
XXXXXXXXB
PADR1
R/W
Address match
detection function
XXXXXXXXB
Note:
Descriptions for access
R/W : Readable and writable
R
: Read only
W
: Write only
Descriptions for initial value
0 : The initial value of this bit is "0".
1 : The initial value of this bit is "1".
X : The initial value of this bit is undefined.
- : This bit is not used.
567
APPENDIX
APPENDIX C Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt
Control Register
Table C-1 shows the relationship between interrupt sources and the interrupt vector/
interrupt control registers.
■ Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt Control Registers
Table C-1 Relationship Between Interrupt Sources and Interrupt Vector/Interrupt Control Registers (1 / 2)
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
Number
Address
Reset
-
#08
FFFFDCH
-
-
INT9 instruction
-
#09
FFFFD8H
-
-
Exception
-
#10
FFFFD4H
-
-
INT0
0
#11
FFFFD0H
×
ICR00
0000B0H
INT1
#12
FFFFCCH
INT2
×
#13
FFFFC8H
×
ICR01
0000B1H
INT3
#14
FFFFC4H
INT4
×
#15
FFFFC0H
×
ICR02
0000B2H
INT5
#16
FFFFBCH
INT6
×
#17
FFFFB8H
×
ICR03
0000B3H
INT7
#18
FFFFB4H
PWC1
×
#19
FFFFB0H
−
ICR04
0000B4H
-
#20
FFFFACH
PWC0
×
#21
FFFFA8H
ICR05
0000B5H
PPG0/PPG1 counter borrow
2
#22
FFFFA4H
PPG2/PPG3 counter borrow
3
#23
FFFFA0H
ICR06
0000B6H
-
-
#24
FFFF9CH
8/16-bit up/down counter timer compare/underflow/
overflow/up-down reverse (ch.0, ch.1)
×
#25
FFFF98H
ICR07
0000B7H
ICR08
0000B8H
Interrupt source
568
Interrupt vector
Input capture (ch.0) load
5
#26
FFFF94H
Input capture (ch.1) load
6
#27
FFFF90H
Output compare (ch.0) match
8
#28
FFFF8CH
Interrupt control register
APPENDIX C Interrupt Source, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt Control Register
Table C-1 Relationship Between Interrupt Sources and Interrupt Vector/Interrupt Control Registers (2 / 2)
μDMAC
channel
number
Number
Address
Output compare (ch.1) match
9
#29
FFFF88H
Output compare (ch.2) match
10
#30
FFFF84H
Output compare (ch.3) match
×
#31
FFFF80H
-
−
#32
FFFF7CH
-
−
#33
FFFF78H
UART transmit completed
11
#34
FFFF74H
16-bit free-run timer/16-bit reload timer overflow
12
#35
FFFF70H
UART receive completed
7
#36
FFFF6CH
SIO1
13
#37
FFFF68H
SIO2
14
#38
FFFF64H
I2C interface
×
#39
FFFF60H
A/D
15
#40
FFFF5CH
FLASH write/delete, time-base timer/watch timer *
×
#41
FFFF58H
Delay interrupt generate module
×
#42
FFFF54H
Interrupt source
Interrupt vector
Interrupt control register
Number
Address
ICR09
0000B9H
ICR10
0000BAH
ICR11
0000BBH
ICR12
0000BCH
ICR13
0000BDH
ICR14
0000BEH
ICR15
0000BFH
* : Make sure that FLASH write/delete operations are not used during operation of the time-base timer and watch timer.
×: The interrupt request can not be cleared by the interrupt clear signal.
Note:
If the same interrupt number is assigned to two interrupt sources, the resource is cleared only if both
interrupt request flags are cleared by DMA interrupt clear signals. Therefore, if either of two interrupt
functions uses the DMA function, the other interrupt function cannot be used. Set the relevant
resource's interrupt request enable bit to "0" and use software polling processing to handle this
situation.
569
APPENDIX
APPENDIX D Instructions
APPENDIX D describes the instructions used by the F2MC-16LX.
D.1 Instruction Types
D.2 Addressing
D.3 Direct Addressing
D.4 Indirect Addressing
D.5 Execution Cycle Count
D.6 Effective address field
D.7 How to Read the Instruction List
D.8 F2MC-16LX Instruction List
D.9 Instruction Map
Code: CM44-00202-1E
570
APPENDIX D Instructions
D.1
Instruction Types
The F2MC-16LX supports 351 types of instructions. Addressing is enabled by using an
effective address field of each instruction or using the instruction code itself.
■ Instruction Types
The F2MC-16LX supports the following 351 types of instructions:
•
41 transfer instructions (byte)
•
38 transfer instructions (word or long word)
•
42 addition/subtraction instructions (byte, word, or long word)
•
12 increment/decrement instructions (byte, word, or long word)
•
11 comparison instructions (byte, word, or long word)
•
11 unsigned multiplication/division instructions (word or long word)
•
11 signed multiplication/division instructions (word or long word)
•
39 logic instructions (byte or word)
•
6 logic instructions (long word)
•
6 sign inversion instructions (byte or word)
•
1 normalization instruction (long word)
•
18 shift instructions (byte, word, or long word)
•
50 branch instructions
•
6 accumulator operation instructions (byte or word)
•
28 other control instructions (byte, word, or long word)
•
21 bit operation instructions
•
10 string instructions
571
APPENDIX
D.2
Addressing
With the F2MC-16LX, the address format is determined by the instruction effective
address field or the instruction code itself (implied). When the address format is
determined by the instruction code itself, specify an address in accordance with the
instruction code used. Some instructions permit the user to select several types of
addressing.
■ Addressing
The F2MC-16LX supports the following 23 types of addressing:
572
•
Immediate (#imm)
•
Register direct
•
Direct branch address (addr16)
•
Physical direct branch address (addr24)
•
I/O direct (io)
•
Abbreviated direct address (dir)
•
Direct address (addr16)
•
I/O direct bit address (io:bp)
•
Abbreviated direct bit address (dir:bp)
•
Direct bit address (addr16:bp)
•
Vector address (#vct)
•
Register indirect (@RWj j = 0 to 3)
•
Register indirect with post increment (@RWj+ j = 0 to 3)
•
Register indirect with displacement (@RWi + disp8 i = 0 to 7, @RWj + disp16 j = 0 to 3)
•
Long register indirect with displacement (@RLi + disp8 i = 0 to 3)
•
Program counter indirect with displacement (@PC + disp16)
•
Register indirect with base index (@RW0 + RW7, @RW1 + RW7)
•
Program counter relative branch address (rel)
•
Register list (rlst)
•
Accumulator indirect (@A)
•
Accumulator indirect branch address (@A)
•
Indirectly-specified branch address (@ear)
•
Indirectly-specified branch address (@eam)
APPENDIX D Instructions
■ Effective Address Field
Table D.2-1 lists the address formats specified by the effective address field.
Table D.2-1 Effective Address Field
Code
Representation
00
R0
RW0
RL0
01
R1
RW1
(RL0)
02
R2
RW2
RL1
03
R3
RW3
(RL1)
04
R4
RW4
RL2
05
R5
RW5
(RL2)
06
R6
RW6
RL3
07
R7
RW7
(RL3)
08
@RW0
09
@RW1
Address format
Default bank
Register direct: Individual parts correspond to the
byte, word, and long word types in order from the
left.
None
DTB
DTB
Register indirect
0A
@RW2
ADB
0B
@RW3
SPB
0C
@RW0+
DTB
0D
@RW1+
DTB
Register indirect with post increment
0E
@RW2+
ADB
0F
@RW3+
SPB
10
@RW0+disp8
DTB
11
@RW1+disp8
DTB
Register indirect with 8-bit displacement
12
@RW2+disp8
ADB
13
@RW3+disp8
SPB
14
@RW4+disp8
DTB
15
@RW5+disp8
DTB
Register indirect with 8-bit displacement
16
@RW6+disp8
ADB
17
@RW7+disp8
SPB
18
@RW0+disp16
DTB
19
@RW1+disp16
DTB
Register indirect with 16-bit displacement
1A
@RW2+disp16
ADB
1B
@RW3+disp16
SPB
1C
@RW0+RW7
Register indirect with index
DTB
1D
@RW1+RW7
Register indirect with index
DTB
1E
@PC+disp16
PC indirect with 16-bit displacement
PCB
1F
addr16
Direct address
DTB
573
APPENDIX
D.3
Direct Addressing
An operand value, register, or address is specified explicitly in direct addressing mode.
■ Direct Addressing
● Immediate addressing (#imm)
Specify an operand value explicitly (#imm4/ #imm8/ #imm16/ #imm32).
Figure D.3-1 Example of Immediate Addressing (#imm)
MOVW A, #01212H (This instruction stores the operand value in A.)
Before execution
A 2233
4455
After execution
A 4455
1 2 1 2 (Some instructions transfer AL to AH.)
● Register direct addressing
Specify a register explicitly as an operand. Table D.3-1 lists the registers that can be specified. Figure D.3-2
shows an example of register direct addressing.
Table D.3-1 Direct Addressing Registers
General-purpose register
Special-purpose register
Byte
R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7
Word
RW0, RW1, RW2, RW3, RW4, RW5, RW6,
RW7
Long word
RL0, RL1, RL2, RL3
Accumulator
A, AL
Pointer
SP *
Bank
PCB, DTB, USB, SSB, ADB
Page
DPR
Control
PS, CCR, RP, ILM
*: One of the user stack pointer (USP) and system stack pointer (SSP) is selected and used depending on
the value of the S flag bit in the condition code register (CCR). For branch instructions, the program
counter (PC) is not specified in an instruction operand but is specified implicitly.
574
APPENDIX D Instructions
Figure D.3-2 Example of Register Direct Addressing
MOV R0, A (This instruction transfers the eight low-order bits of A to the generalpurpose register R0.)
Before execution
A 0716
2534
Memory space
R0
After execution
A 0716
2564
??
Memory space
R0
34
● Direct branch addressing (addr16)
Specify an offset explicitly for the branch destination address. The size of the offset is 16 bits, which
indicates the branch destination in the logical address space. Direct branch addressing is used for an
unconditional branch, subroutine call, or software interrupt instruction. Bit23 to bit16 of the address are
specified by the program counter bank register (PCB).
Figure D.3-3 Example of Direct Branch Addressing (addr16)
JMP 3B20H (This instruction causes an unconditional branch by direct branch
addressing in a bank.)
Before execution
After execution
PC 3 C 2 0
PC 3 B 2 0
PCB 4 F
PCB 4 F
Memory space
4F3B20H
Next instruction
4F3C20H
62
4F3C21H
20
4F3C22H
3B
JMP 3B20H
575
APPENDIX
● Physical direct branch addressing (addr24)
Specify an offset explicitly for the branch destination address. The size of the offset is 24 bits. Physical
direct branch addressing is used for unconditional branch, subroutine call, or software interrupt instruction.
Figure D.3-4 Example of Direct Branch Addressing (addr24)
JMPP 333B20H (This instruction causes an unconditional branch by direct branch 24-bit
addressing.)
Before execution
After execution
PC 3 C 2 0
PC 3 B 2 0
PCB 4 F
PCB 3 3
Memory space
333B20H
Next instruction
4F3C20H
63
4F3C21H
20
4F3C22H
3B
4F3C23H
33
JMPP 333B20H
● I/O direct addressing (io)
Specify an 8-bit offset explicitly for the memory address in an operand. The I/O address space in the
physical address space from 000000H to 0000FFH is accessed regardless of the data bank register (DTB)
and direct page register (DPR). A bank select prefix for bank addressing is invalid if specified before an
instruction using I/O direct addressing.
Figure D.3-5 Example of I/O Direct Addressing (io)
MOVW A, i : 0C0H (This instruction reads data by I/O direct addressing and stores it
in A.)
Before execution
After execution
576
A 0716
2534
A 2534 FFEE
Memory space
0000C0H
EE
0000C1H
FF
APPENDIX D Instructions
● Abbreviated direct addressing (dir)
Specify the eight low-order bits of a memory address explicitly in an operand. Address bits 8 to 15 are
specified by the direct page register (DPR). Address bits 16 to 23 are specified by the data bank register
(DTB).
Figure D.3-6 Example of Abbreviated Direct Addressing (dir)
MOV S : 20H, A (This instruction writes the contents of the eight low-order bits of A in
abbreviated direct addressing mode.)
Before execution
A 4455
DPR 6 6
After execution
A 4455
DPR 6 6
1212
DTB 7 7
Memory space
776620H
1212
DTB 7 7
??
Memory space
776620H
12
● Direct addressing (addr16)
Specify the 16 low-order bits of a memory address explicitly in an operand. Address bits 16 to 23 are
specified by the data bank register (DTB). A prefix instruction for access space addressing is invalid for
this mode of addressing.
Figure D.3-7 Example of Direct Addressing (addr16)
MOVW A, 3B20H (This instruction reads data by direct addressing and stores it in A.)
Before execution
After execution
A 2020
A AABB
AABB
0123
DTB 5 5
Memory space
553B21H
01
553B20H
23
DTB 5 5
577
APPENDIX
● I/O direct bit addressing (io:bp)
Specify bits in physical addresses 000000H to 0000FFH explicitly. Bit positions are indicated by ":bp",
where the larger number indicates the most significant bit (MSB) and the lower number indicates the least
significant bit (LSB).
Figure D.3-8 Example of I/O Direct Bit Addressing (io:bp)
SETB i : 0C1H : 0 (This instruction sets bits by I/O direct bit addressing.)
Memory space
Before execution
0000C1H
00
Memory space
After execution
0000C1H
01
● Abbreviated direct bit addressing (dir:bp)
Specify the eight low-order bits of a memory address explicitly in an operand. Address bits 8 to 15 are
specified by the direct page register (DPR). Address bits 16 to 23 are specified by the data bank register
(DTB). Bit positions are indicated by ":bp", where the larger number indicates the most significant bit
(MSB) and the lower number indicates the least significant bit (LSB).
Figure D.3-9 Example of Abbreviated Direct Bit Addressing (dir:bp)
SETB S : 10H : 0 (This instruction sets bits by abbreviated direct bit addressing.)
Memory space
Before execution
DTB 5 5
DPR 6 6
556610H
00
Memory space
After execution
DTB 5 5
DPR 6 6
556610H
01
● Direct bit addressing (addr16:bp)
Specify arbitrary bits in 64 kilobytes explicitly. Address bits 16 to 23 are specified by the data bank register
(DTB). Bit positions are indicated by ":bp", where the larger number indicates the most significant bit
(MSB) and the lower number indicates the least significant bit (LSB).
Figure D.3-10 Example of Direct Bit Addressing (addr16:bp)
SETB 2222H : 0 (This instruction sets bits by direct bit addressing.)
Memory space
Before execution
DTB 5 5
552222H
00
Memory space
After execution
578
DTB 5 5
552222H
01
APPENDIX D Instructions
● Vector Addressing (#vct)
Specify vector data in an operand to indicate the branch destination address. There are two sizes for vector
numbers: 4 bits and 8 bits. Vector addressing is used for a subroutine call or software interrupt instruction.
Figure D.3-11 Example of Vector Addressing (#vct)
CALLV #15 (This instruction causes a branch to the address indicated by the interrupt
vector specified in an operand.)
Before execution
PC 0 0 0 0
Memory space
PCB F F
After execution
FFC000H
EF
FFFFE0H
00
FFFFE1H
D0
CALLV #15
PC D 0 0 0
PCB F F
Table D.3-2 CALLV Vector List
Instruction
Vector address L
Vector address H
CALLV #0
XXFFFEH
XXFFFFH
CALLV #1
XXFFFCH
XXFFFDH
CALLV #2
XXFFFAH
XXFFFBH
CALLV #3
XXFFF8H
XXFFF9H
CALLV #4
XXFFF6H
XXFFF7H
CALLV #5
XXFFF4H
XXFFF5H
CALLV #6
XXFFF2H
XXFFF3H
CALLV #7
XXFFF0H
XXFFF1H
CALLV #8
XXFFEEH
XXFFEFH
CALLV #9
XXFFECH
XXFFEDH
CALLV #10
XXFFEAH
XXFFEBH
CALLV #11
XXFFE8H
XXFFE9H
CALLV #12
XXFFE6H
XXFFE7H
CALLV #13
XXFFE4H
XXFFE5H
CALLV #14
XXFFE2H
XXFFE3H
CALLV #15
XXFFE0H
XXFFE1H
Note: A PCB register value is set in XX.
Note:
When the program counter bank register (PCB) is FFH, the vector area overlaps the vector area of
INT #vct8 (#0 to #7). Use vector addressing carefully (see Table D.3-2).
579
APPENDIX
D.4
Indirect Addressing
In indirect addressing mode, an address is specified indirectly by the address data of an
operand.
■ Indirect Addressing
● Register indirect addressing (@RWj j = 0 to 3)
Memory is accessed using the contents of general-purpose register RWj as an address. Address bits 16 to
23 are indicated by the data bank register (DTB) when RW0 or RW1 is used, system stack bank register
(SSB) or user stack bank register (USB) when RW3 is used, or additional data bank register (ADB) when
RW2 is used.
Figure D.4-1 Example of Register Indirect Addressing (@RWj j = 0 to 3)
MOVW A, @RW1 (This instruction reads data by register indirect addressing and stores
it in A.)
Before execution
A 0716
2534
Memory space
RW1 D 3 0 F
After execution
DTB 7 8
78D30FH
EE
78D310H
FF
A 2534 FFEE
RW1 D 3 0 F
DTB 7 8
● Register indirect addressing with post increment (@RWj+ j = 0 to 3)
Memory is accessed using the contents of general-purpose register RWj as an address. After operand
operation, RWj is incremented by the operand size (1 for a byte, 2 for a word, or 4 for a long word).
Address bits 16 to 23 are indicated by the data bank register (DTB) when RW0 or RW1 is used, system
stack bank register (SSB) or user stack bank register (USB) when RW3 is used, or additional data bank
register (ADB) when RW2 is used.
If the post increment results in the address of the register that specifies the increment, the incremented
value is referenced after that. In this case, if the next instruction is a write instruction, priority is given to
writing by an instruction and, therefore, the register that would be incremented becomes write data.
580
APPENDIX D Instructions
Figure D.4-2 Example of Register Indirect Addressing with Post Increment (@RWj+ j = 0 to 3)
MOVW A, @RW1+ (This instruction reads data by register indirect addressing with post
increment and stores it in A.)
Before execution
A 0716
2534
Memory space
RW1 D 3 0 F
After execution
DTB 7 8
78D30FH
EE
78D310H
FF
A 2534 FFEE
RW1 D 3 1 1
DTB 7 8
● Register indirect addressing with offset (@RWi + disp8 i = 0 to 7, @RWj + disp16 j = 0 to 3)
Memory is accessed using the address obtained by adding an offset to the contents of general-purpose
register RWj. Two types of offset, byte and word offsets, are used. They are added as signed numeric
values. Address bits 16 to 23 are indicated by the data bank register (DTB) when RW0, RW1, RW4, or
RW5 is used, system stack bank register (SSB) or user stack bank register (USB) when RW3 or RW7 is
used, or additional data bank register (ADB) when RW2 or RW6 is used.
Figure D.4-3 Example of Register Indirect Addressing with Offset
(@RWi + disp8 i = 0 to 7, @RWj + disp16 j = 0 to 3)
MOVW A, @RW1+10H (This instruction reads data by register indirect addressing with
an offset and stores it in A.)
Before execution
A 0716
2534
(+10H)
RW1 D 3 0 F
After execution
DTB 7 8
Memory space
78D31FH
EE
78D320H
FF
A 2534 FFEE
RW1 D 3 0 F
DTB 7 8
581
APPENDIX
● Long register indirect addressing with offset (@RLi + disp8 i = 0 to 3)
Memory is accessed using the address that is the 24 low-order bits obtained by adding an offset to the
contents of general-purpose register RLi. The offset is 8-bits long and is added as a signed numeric value.
Figure D.4-4 Example of Long Register Indirect Addressing with Offset (@RLi + disp8 i = 0 to 3)
MOVW A, @RL2+25H (This instruction reads data by long register indirect addressing with
an offset and stores it in A.)
Before execution
A 0716
2534
(+25H)
RL2 F 3 8 2
After execution
4B02
Memory space
824B27H
EE
824B28H
FF
A 2534 FFEE
RL2 F 3 8 2
4B02
● Program counter indirect addressing with offset (@PC + disp16)
Memory is accessed using the address indicated by (instruction address + 4 + disp16). The offset is one
word long. Address bits 16 to 23 are specified by the program counter bank register (PCB). Note that the
operand address of each of the following instructions is not deemed to be (next instruction address +
disp16):
•
DBNZ eam, rel
•
DWBNZ eam, rel
•
CBNE eam, #imm8, rel
•
CWBNE eam, #imm16, rel
•
MOV eam, #imm8
•
MOVW eam, #imm16
Figure D.4-5 Example of Program Counter Indirect Addressing with Offset (@PC + disp16)
MOVW A, @PC+20H (This instruction reads data by program counter indirect
addressing with an offset and stores it in A.)
Before execution
A 0716
2534
Memory space
PCB C 5 PC 4 5 5 6
After execution
A 2534
FFEE
PCB C 5 PC 4 5 5 A
582
+4
C54556H
73
C54557H
9E
C54558H
20
C54559H
00
C5455AH
.
.
.
+20H
C5457AH
EE
C5457BH
FF
MOVW
A, @PC+20H
APPENDIX D Instructions
● Register indirect addressing with base index (@RW0 + RW7, @RW1 + RW7)
Memory is accessed using the address determined by adding RW0 or RW1 to the contents of generalpurpose register RW7. Address bits 16 to 23 are indicated by the data bank register (DTB).
Figure D.4-6 Example of Register Indirect Addressing with Base Index (@RW0 + RW7, @RW1 + RW7)
MOVW A, @RW1+RW7 (This instruction reads data by register indirect addressing with
a base index and stores it in A.)
Before execution
A 0716
RW1 D 3 0 F
WR7 0 1 0 1
After execution
A 2534
RW1 D 3 0 F
2534
+
DTB 7 8
Memory space
78D410H
EE
78D411H
FF
FFEE
DTB 7 8
WR7 0 1 0 1
583
APPENDIX
● Program counter relative branch addressing (rel)
The address of the branch destination is a value determined by adding an 8-bit offset to the program
counter (PC) value. If the result of addition exceeds 16 bits, bank register incrementing or decrementing is
not performed and the excess part is ignored, and therefore the address is contained within a 64-kilobyte
bank. This addressing is used for both conditional and unconditional branch instructions. Address bits 16 to
23 are indicated by the program counter bank register (PCB).
Figure D.4-7 Example of Program Counter Relative Branch Addressing (rel)
BRA 10H (This instruction causes an unconditional relative branch.)
Before execution
After execution
PC 3 C 2 0
PC 3 C 3 2
PCB 4 F
PCB 4 F
Memory space
4F3C32H
Next instruction
4F3C21H
10
4F3C20H
60
BRA 10H
● Register list (rlst)
Specify a register to be pushed onto or popped from a stack.
Figure D.4-8 Configuration of the Register List
MSB
LSB
RW7 RW6 RW5 RW4 RW3 RW2 RW1 RW0
A register is selected when the corresponding bit is 1 and deselected when the bit is 0.
584
APPENDIX D Instructions
Figure D.4-9 Example of Register List (rlist)
POPW, RW0, RW4 (This instruction transfers memory data indicated by the SP to
multiple word registers indicated by the register list.)
SP
34FA
SP
34FE
RW0
×× ××
RW0
02 01
RW1
×× ××
RW1
×× ××
RW2
×× ××
RW2
×× ××
RW3
×× ××
RW3
×× ××
RW4
×× ××
RW4
04 03
RW5
×× ××
RW5
×× ××
RW6
×× ××
RW6
×× ××
RW7
×× ××
RW7
×× ××
Memory space
SP
Memory space
01
34FAH
01
34FAH
02
34FBH
02
34FBH
03
34FCH
03
34FCH
04
34FDH
04
34FDH
34FEH
SP
Before execution
34FEH
After execution
● Accumulator indirect addressing (@A)
Memory is accessed using the address indicated by the contents of the low-order bytes (16 bits) of the
accumulator (AL). Address bits 16 to 23 are specified by a mnemonic in the data bank register (DTB).
Figure D.4-10 Example of Accumulator Indirect Addressing (@A)
MOVW A, @A (This instruction reads data by accumulator indirect addressing and stores it in A.)
Before execution
A
0716
2534
DTB B B
After execution
A
0716
Memory space
BB2534H
EE
BB2535H
FF
FFEE
DTB B B
585
APPENDIX
● Accumulator indirect branch addressing (@A)
The address of the branch destination is the content (16 bits) of the low-order bytes (AL) of the
accumulator. It indicates the branch destination in the bank address space. Address bits 16 to 23 are
specified by the program counter bank register (PCB). For the Jump Context (JCTX) instruction, however,
address bits 16 to 23 are specified by the data bank register (DTB). This addressing is used for
unconditional branch instructions.
Figure D.4-11 Example of Accumulator Indirect Branch Addressing (@A)
JMP @A (This instruction causes an unconditional branch by accumulator indirect
branch addressing.)
Before execution
PC 3 C 2 0
A 6677
After execution
PC 3 B 2 0
A 6677
PCB 4 F
3B20
Memory space
4F3B20H
Next instruction
4F3C20H
61
JMP @A
PCB 4 F
3B20
● Indirect specification branch addressing (@ear)
The address of the branch destination is the word data at the address indicated by ear.
Figure D.4-12 Example of Indirect Specification Branch Addressing (@ear)
JMP @@RW0 (This instruction causes an unconditional branch by register indirect
addressing.)
Before execution
After execution
586
PC 3 C 2 0
PCB 4 F
RW0 7 F 4 8
DTB 2 1
PC 3 B 2 0
PCB 4 F
RW0 7 F 4 8
DTB 2 1
Memory space
217F48H
20
217F49H
3B
4F3B20H
Next instruction
4F3C20H
73
4F3C21H
08
JMP @@RW0
APPENDIX D Instructions
● Indirect specification branch addressing (@eam)
The address of the branch destination is the word data at the address indicated by eam.
Figure D.4-13 Example of Indirect Specification Branch Addressing (@eam)
JMP @RW0 (This instruction causes an unconditional branch by register indirect
addressing.)
Before execution
PC 3 C 2 0
PCB 4 F
RW0 3 B 2 0
After execution
PC 3 B 2 0
PCB 4 F
Memory space
4F3B20H
Next instruction
4F3C20H
73
4F3C21H
00
JMP @RW0
RW0 3 B 2 0
587
APPENDIX
D.5
Execution Cycle Count
The number of cycles required for instruction execution (execution cycle count) is
obtained by adding the number of cycles required for each instruction, "correction
value" determined by the condition, and the number of cycles for instruction fetch.
■ Execution Cycle Count
The number of cycles required for instruction execution (execution cycle count) is obtained by adding the
number of cycles required for each instruction, "correction value" determined by the condition, and the
number of cycles for instruction fetch. In the mode of fetching an instruction from memory such as internal
ROM connected to a 16-bit bus, the program fetches the instruction being executed in word increments.
Therefore, intervening in data access increases the execution cycle count.
Similarly, in the mode of fetching an instruction from memory connected to an 8-bit external bus, the
program fetches every byte of an instruction being executed. Therefore, intervening in data access increases
the execution cycle count. In CPU intermittent operation mode, access to a general-purpose register,
internal ROM, internal RAM, internal I/O, or external data bus causes the clock to the CPU to halt for the
cycle count specified by the CG0 and CG1 bits of the low power consumption mode control register.
Therefore, for the cycle count required for instruction execution in CPU intermittent operation mode, add
the "access count x cycle count for the halt" as a correction value to the normal execution count.
588
APPENDIX D Instructions
■ Calculating the Execution Cycle Count
Table D.5-1 lists execution cycle counts and Table D.5-2 and Table D.5-3 summarize correction value data.
Table D.5-1 Execution Cycle Counts in Each Addressing Mode
(a) *
Code
Operand
00
|
07
Ri
Rwi
RLi
08
|
0B
Execution cycle count in
each addressing mode
Register access count in
each addressing mode
See the instruction list.
See the instruction list.
@RWj
2
1
0C
|
0F
@RWj+
4
2
10
|
17
@RWi+disp8
2
1
18
|
1B
@RWi+disp16
2
1
1C
1D
1E
1F
@RW0+RW7
@RW1+RW7
@PC+disp16
addr16
4
4
2
1
2
2
0
0
*: (a) is used for ~ (cycle count) and B (correction value) in "D.8 F2MC-16LX Instruction List".
589
APPENDIX
Table D.5-2 Cycle Count Correction Values for Counting Execution Cycles
(b) byte *
Operand
(c) word *
(d) long *
Cycle
count
Access
count
Cycle
count
Access
count
Cycle
count
Access
count
Internal register
+0
1
+0
1
+0
2
Internal memory
Even address
+0
1
+0
1
+0
2
Internal memory
Odd address
+0
1
+2
2
+4
4
External data bus
16-bit even address
+1
1
+1
1
+2
2
External data bus
16-bit odd address
+1
1
+4
2
+8
4
External data bus
8-bits
+1
1
+4
2
+8
4
*: (b), (c), and (d) are used for ~ (cycle count) and B (correction value) in "D.8 F2MC-16LX Instruction
List".
Note:
When an external data bus is used, the cycle counts during which an instruction is made to wait by
ready input or automatic ready must also be added.
Table D.5-3 Cycle Count Correction Values for Counting Instruction Fetch Cycles
Instruction
Byte boundary
Word boundary
Internal memory
-
+2
External data bus 16-bits
-
+3
External data bus 8-bits
+3
-
Notes:
• When an external data bus is used, the cycle counts during which an instruction is made to wait
by ready input or automatic ready must also be added.
• Actually, instruction execution is not delayed by every instruction fetch. Therefore, use the
correction values to calculate the worst case.
590
APPENDIX D Instructions
D.6
Effective address field
Table D.6-1 shows the effective address field.
■ Effective Address Field
Table D.6-1 Effective Address Field
Code
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
0A
0B
0C
0D
0E
0F
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
Representation
R0
RW0
R1
RW1
R2
RW2
R3
RW3
R4
RW4
R5
RW5
R6
RW6
R7
RW7
@RW0
@RW1
@RW2
@RW3
@RW0+
@RW1+
@RW2+
@RW3+
@RW0+disp8
@RW1+disp8
@RW2+disp8
@RW3+disp8
@RW4+disp8
@RW5+disp8
@RW6+disp8
@RW7+disp8
@RW0+disp16
@RW1+disp16
@RW2+disp16
@RW3+disp16
@RW0+RW7
@RW1+RW7
@PC+disp16
addr16
RL0
(RL0)
RL1
(RL1)
RL2
(RL2)
RL3
(RL3)
Address format
Byte count of
extended
address part *
Register direct: Individual parts correspond to
the byte, word, and long word types in order
from the left.
-
Register indirect
0
Register indirect with post increment
0
Register indirect with 8-bit displacement
1
Register indirect with 16-bit displacement
2
Register indirect with index
Register indirect with index
PC indirect with 16-bit displacement
Direct address
0
0
2
2
*1: Each byte count of the extended address part applies to + in the # (byte count) column in "D.8 F2MC-16LX
Instruction List".
591
APPENDIX
D.7
How to Read the Instruction List
Table D.7-1 describes the items used in "D.8 F2MC-16LX Instruction List", and Table
D.7-2 describes the symbols used in the same list.
■ Description of Instruction Presentation Items and Symbols
Table D.7-1 Description of Items in the Instruction List (1/2)
Item
Mnemonic
Uppercase, symbol: Represented as is in the assembler.
Lowercase: Rewritten in the assembler.
Number of following lowercase: Indicates bit length in the instruction.
#
Indicates the number of bytes.
~
Indicates the number of cycles.
See Table D.2-1 for the alphabetical letters in items.
RG
B
Operation
Indicates the number of times a register access is performed during instruction
execution.
The number is used to calculate the correction value for CPU intermittent
operation.
Indicates the correction value used to calculate the actual number of cycles during
instruction execution.
The actual number of cycles during instruction execution can be determined by
adding the value in the ~ column to this value.
Indicates the instruction operation.
LH
Indicates the special operation for bit15 to bit08 of the accumulator.
Z: Transfers 0.
X: Transfers after sign extension.
-: No transfer
AH
Indicates the special operation for the 16 high-order bits of the accumulator.
*: Transfers from AL to AH.
-: No transfer
Z: Transfers 00 to AH.
X: Transfers 00H or FFH to AH after AL sign extension.
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
592
Description
Each indicates the state of each flag: I (interrupt enable), S (stack), T (sticky bit), N
(negative), Z (zero), V (overflow), C (carry).
*: Changes upon instruction execution.
-: No change
S: Set upon instruction execution.
R: Reset upon instruction execution.
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.7-1 Description of Items in the Instruction List (1/2)
Item
Description
RMW
Indicates whether the instruction is a Read Modify Write instruction (reading data
from memory by the I instruction and writing the result to memory).
*: Read Modify Write instruction
-: Not Read Modify Write instruction
Note:
Cannot be used for an address that has different meanings between read and
write operations.
Table D.7-2 Explanation on Symbols in the Instruction List (1/2)
Symbol
A
Explanation
The bit length used varies depending on the 32-bit accumulator instruction.
Byte: Low-order 8 bits of byte AL
Word: 16 bits of word AL
Long word: 32 bits of AL and AH
AH
16 high-order bits of A
AL
16 low-order bits of A
SP
Stack pointer (USP or SSP)
PC
Program counter
PCB
program counter bank register
DTB
Data bank register
ADB
Additional data bank register
SSB
System stack bank register
USB
User stack bank register
SPB
Current stack bank register (SSB or USB)
DPR
Direct page register
brg1
DTB, ADB, SSB, USB, DPR, PCB, SPB
brg2
DTB, ADB, SSB, USB, DPR, SPB
Ri
R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7
RWi
RW0, RW1, RW2, RW3, RW4, RW5, RW6, RW7
RWj
RW0, RW1, RW2, RW3
RLi
RL0, RL1, RL2, RL3
dir
Abbreviated direct addressing
addr16
Direct addressing
addr24
Physical direct addressing
593
APPENDIX
Table D.7-2 Explanation on Symbols in the Instruction List (1/2)
Symbol
ad24 0-15
Bit0 to bit15 of addr24
ad24 16-23
Bit16 to bit23 of addr24
io
I/O area (000000H to 0000FFH)
#imm4
4-bit immediate data
#imm8
8-bit immediate data
#imm16
16-bit immediate data
#imm32
32-bit immediate data
ext (imm8)
16-bit data obtained by sign extension of 8-bit immediate data
disp8
8-bit displacement
disp16
16-bit displacement
bp
594
Explanation
Bit offset
vct4
Vector number (0 to 15)
vct8
Vector number (0 to 255)
( )b
Bit address
rel
PC relative branch
ear
Effective addressing (code 00 to 07)
eam
Effective addressing (code 08 to 1F)
rlst
Register list
APPENDIX D Instructions
D.8
F2MC-16LX Instruction List
Table D.8-1 to Table D.8-18 list the instructions used by the F2MC-16LX.
■ F2MC-16LX Instruction List
Table D.8-1 41 Transfer Instructions (Byte)
Mnemonic
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOVN
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOVX
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
XCH
XCH
XCH
XCH
A,dir
A,addr16
A,Ri
A,ear
A,eam
A,io
A,#imm8
A,@A
A,@RLi+disp8
A,#imm4
A,dir
A,addr16
A,Ri
A,ear
A,eam
A,io
A,#imm8
A,@A
A,@RWi+disp8
A,@RLi+disp8
dir,A
addr16,A
Ri,A
ear,A
eam,A
io,A
@RLi+disp8,A
Ri,ear
Ri,eam
ear,Ri
eam,Ri
Ri,#imm8
io,#imm8
dir,#imm8
ear,#imm8
eam,#imm8
@AL,AH
A,ear
A,eam
Ri,ear
Ri,eam
#
~
RG
B
2
3
1
2
2+
2
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2+
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
1
2
2+
2
3
2
2+
2
2+
2
3
3
3
3+
2
2
2+
2
2+
3
4
2
2
3 + (a)
3
2
3
10
1
3
4
2
2
3 + (a)
3
2
3
5
10
3
4
2
2
3 + (a)
3
10
3
4 + (a)
4
5 + (a)
2
5
5
2
4 + (a)
3
4
5 + (a)
7
9 + (a)
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
2
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
4
2
(b)
(b)
0
0
(b)
(b)
0
(b)
(b)
0
(b)
(b)
0
0
(b)
(b)
0
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
0
0
(b)
(b)
(b)
0
(b)
0
(b)
0
(b)
(b)
0
(b)
(b)
0
2 × (b)
0
2 × (b)
Operation
byte (A) ← (dir)
byte (A) ← (addr16)
byte (A) ← (Ri)
byte (A) ← (ear)
byte (A) ← (eam)
byte (A) ← (io)
byte (A) ← imm8
byte (A) ← ((A))
byte (A) ← ((RLi)+disp8)
byte (A) ← imm4
byte (A) ← (dir)
byte (A) ← (addr16)
byte (A) ← (Ri)
byte (A) ← (ear)
byte (A) ← (eam)
byte (A) ← (io)
byte (A) ← imm8
byte (A) ← ((A))
byte (A) ← ((RWi)+disp8)
byte (A) ← ((RLi)+disp8)
byte (dir) ← (A)
byte (addr16) ← (A)
byte (Ri) ← (A)
byte (ear) ← (A)
byte (eam) ← (A)
byte (io) ← (A)
byte ((RLi)+disp8) ← (A)
byte (Ri) ← (ear)
byte (Ri) ← (eam)
byte (ear) ← (Ri)
byte (eam) ← (Ri)
byte (Ri) ← imm8
byte (io) ← imm8
byte (dir) ← imm8
byte (ear) ← imm8
byte (eam) ← imm8
byte ((A)) ← (AH)
byte (A) ↔ (ear)
byte (A) ↔ (eam)
byte (Ri) ↔ (ear)
byte (Ri) ↔ (eam)
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Z
Z
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) and (b) in the table.
595
APPENDIX
Table D.8-2 38 Transfer Instructions (Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW
XCHW
XCHW
MOVL
MOVL
MOVL
MOVL
MOVL
A,dir
A,addr16
A,SP
A,RWi
A,ear
A,eam
A,io
A,@A
A,#imm16
A,@RWi+disp8
A,@RLi+disp8
dir,A
addr16,A
SP,A
RWi,A
ear,A
eam,A
io,A
@RWi+disp8,A
@RLi+disp8,A
RWi,ear
RWi,eam
ear,RWi
eam,RWi
RWi,#imm16
io,#imm16
ear,#imm16
eam,#imm16
@AL,AH
A,ear
A,eam
RWi, ear
RWi, eam
A,ear
A,eam
A,#imm32
ear,A
eam,A
#
~
RG
B
2
3
1
1
2
2+
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
2+
2
2
3
2
2+
2
2+
3
4
4
4+
2
2
2+
2
2+
2
2+
5
2
2+
3
4
1
2
2
3 + (a)
3
3
2
5
10
3
4
1
2
2
3 + (a)
3
5
10
3
4 + (a)
4
5 + (a)
2
5
2
4 + (a)
3
4
5 + (a)
7
9 + (a)
4
5 + (a)
3
4
5 + (a)
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
4
2
2
0
0
2
0
(c)
(c)
0
0
0
(c)
(c)
(c)
0
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
0
0
0
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
0
(c)
0
(c)
0
(c)
0
(c)
(c)
0
2 × (c)
0
2 × (c)
0
(d)
0
0
(d)
Operation
word (A) ← (dir)
word (A) ← (addr16)
word (A) ← (SP)
word (A) ← (RWi)
word (A) ← (ear)
word (A) ← (eam)
word (A) ← (io)
word (A) ← ((A))
word (A) ← imm16
word (A) ← ((RWi)+disp8)
word (A) ← ((RLi)+disp8)
word (dir) ← (A)
word (addr16) ← (A)
word (SP) ← (A)
word (RWi) ← (A)
word (ear) ← (A)
word (eam) ← (A)
word (io) ← (A)
word ((RWi)+disp8) ← (A)
word ((RLi)+disp8) ← (A)
word (RWi) ← (ear)
word (RWi) ← (eam)
word (ear) ← (RWi)
word (eam) ← (RWi)
word (RWi) ← imm16
word (io) ← imm16
word (ear) ← imm16
word (eam) ← imm16
word ((A)) ← (AH)
word (A) ↔ (ear)
word (A) ↔ (eam)
word (RWi) ↔ (ear)
word (RWi) ↔ (eam)
long (A) ← (ear)
long (A) ← (eam)
long (A) ← imm32
long (ear) ← (A)
long(eam) ← (A)
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a), (c), and (d) in the table.
596
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.8-3 42 Addition/Subtraction Instructions (Byte, Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADDC
ADDC
ADDC
ADDDC
A,#imm8
A,dir
A,ear
A,eam
ear,A
eam,A
A
A,ear
A,eam
A
2
2
2
2+
2
2+
1
2
2+
1
2
5
3
4 + (a)
3
5 + (a)
2
3
4 + (a)
3
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
(b)
0
(b)
0
2 × (b)
0
0
(b)
0
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC
SUBC
SUBDC
A,#imm8
A,dir
A,ear
A,eam
ear,A
eam,A
A
A,ear
A,eam
A
2
2
2
2+
2
2+
1
2
2+
1
2
5
3
4 + (a)
3
5 + (a)
2
3
4 + (a)
3
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
(b)
0
(b)
0
2 × (b)
0
0
(b)
0
ADDW
ADDW
ADDW
ADDW
ADDW
ADDW
ADDCW
ADDCW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW
SUBCW
ADDL
ADDL
ADDL
SUBL
SUBL
SUBL
A
A,ear
A,eam
A,#imm16
ear,A
eam,A
A,ear
A,eam
A
A,ear
A,eam
A,#imm16
ear,A
eam,A
A,ear
A,eam
A,ear
A,eam
A,#imm32
A,ear
A,eam
A,#imm32
1
2
2+
3
2
2+
2
2+
1
2
2+
3
2
2+
2
2+
2
2+
5
2
2+
5
2
3
4+(a)
2
3
5+(a)
3
4+(a)
2
3
4+(a)
2
3
5+(a)
3
4+(a)
6
7+(a)
4
6
7+(a)
4
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
(c)
0
0
2 × (c)
0
(c)
0
0
(c)
0
0
2 × (c)
0
(c)
0
(d)
0
0
(d)
0
Operation
byte (A) ← (A) + imm8
byte (A) ← (A) + (dir)
byte (A) ← (A) + (ear)
byte (A) ← (A) + (eam)
byte (ear) ← (ear) + (A)
byte (eam) ← (eam) + (A)
byte (A) ← (AH) + (AL) + (C)
byte (A) ← (A) + (ear)+ (C)
byte (A) ← (A) + (eam)+ (C)
byte (A) ← (AH) + (AL) + (C)
(decimal)
byte (A) ← (A) - imm8
byte (A) ← (A) - (dir)
byte (A) ← (A) - (ear)
byte (A) ← (A) - (eam)
byte (ear) ← (ear) - (A)
byte (eam) ← (eam) - (A)
byte (A) ← (AH) - (AL) - (C)
byte (A) ← (A) - (ear) - (C)
byte (A) ← (A) - (eam) - (C)
byte (A) ← (AH) - (AL) - (C)
(decimal)
word (A) ← (AH) + (AL)
word (A) ← (A) + (ear)
word (A) ← (A) + (eam)
word (A) ← (A) + imm16
word (ear) ← (ear) + (A)
word (eam) ← (eam) + (A)
word (A) ← (A) + (ear) + (C)
word (A) ← (A) + (eam) + (C)
word (A) ← (AH) - (AL)
word (A) ← (A) - (ear)
word (A) ← (A) - (eam)
word (A) ← (A) - imm16
word (ear) ← (ear) - (A)
word (eam) ← (eam) - (A)
word (A) ← (A) - (ear) - (C)
word (A) ← (A) - (eam) - (C)
long (A) ← (A) + (ear)
long (A) ← (A) + (eam)
long (A) ← (A) + imm32
long (A) ← (A) - (ear)
long (A) ← (A) - (eam)
long (A) ← (A) - imm32
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (d) in the table.
597
APPENDIX
Table D.8-4 12 Increment/decrement Instructions (Byte, Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
INC
ear
2
3
2
0
INC
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
byte (ear) ← (ear) + 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
byte (eam) ← (eam) + 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
DEC
ear
2
3
2
0
byte (ear) ← (ear) - 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
DEC
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
byte (eam) ← (eam) - 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
INCW
ear
2
3
2
0
word (ear) ← (ear) + 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
INCW
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
word (eam) ← (eam) + 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
DECW
ear
2
3
2
0
DECW
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
INCL
ear
2
7
4
0
INCL
eam
2+
9+(a)
0
2 × (d)
DECL
ear
2
7
4
0
DECL
eam
2+
9+(a)
0
2 × (d)
word (ear) ← (ear) - 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
word (eam) ← (eam) - 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
long (ear) ← (ear) + 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
long (eam) ← (eam) + 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
long (ear) ← (ear) - 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
long (eam) ← (eam) - 1
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (d) in the table.
Table D.8-5 11 Compare Instructions (Byte, Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
-
CMP
A
1
1
0
0
byte (AH) - (AL)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
CMP
A,ear
2
2
1
0
byte (A) - (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMP
A,eam
2+
3+(a)
0
(b)
byte (A) - (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMP
A,#imm8
2
2
0
0
byte (A) - imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPW
A
1
1
0
0
word (AH) - (AL)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPW
A,ear
2
2
1
0
word (A) - (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPW
A,eam
2+
3+(a)
0
(c)
word (A) - (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPW
A,#imm16
3
2
0
0
word (A) - imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPL
A,ear
2
6
2
0
long (A) - (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPL
A,eam
2+
7+(a)
0
(d)
long (A) - (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CMPL
A,#imm32
5
3
0
0
long (A) - imm32
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (d) in the table.
598
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.8-6 11 Unsigned Multiplication/Division Instructions (Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
DIVU
A
1
*1
0
0
word (AH) / byte (AL)
quotient → byte (AL) remainder → byte (AH)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIVU
A,ear
2
*2
1
0
word (A) / byte (ear)
quotient → byte (A) remainder → byte (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIVU
A,eam
2+
*3
0
*6
word (A) / byte (eam)
quotient → byte (A) remainder → byte (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIVUW
A,ear
2
*4
1
0
long (A) / word (ear)
quotient → word (A) remainder → word (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIVUW
A,eam
2+
*5
0
*7
long (A) / word (eam)
quotient → word (A) remainder → word (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
MULU
A
1
*8
0
0
byte (AH) * byte (AL) → word (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MULU
A,ear
2
*9
1
0
byte (A) * byte (ear) → word (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MULU
A,eam
2+
*10
0
(b)
byte (A) * byte (eam) → word (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MULUW
A
1
*11
0
0
word (AH) * word (AL) → Long (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MULUW
A,ear
2
*12
1
0
word (A) * word (ear) → Long (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MULUW
A,eam
2+
*13
0
(c)
word (A) * word (eam) → Long (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*1: 3: Division by 0 7: Overflow 15: Normal
*2: 4: Division by 0 8: Overflow 16: Normal
*3: 6+(a): Division by 0 9+(a): Overflow 19+(a): Normal
*4: 4: Division by 0 7: Overflow 22: Normal
*5: 6+(a): Division by 0 8+(a): Overflow 26+(a): Normal
*6: (b): Division by 0 or overflow 2 × (b): Normal
*7: (c): Division by 0 or overflow 2 × (c): Normal
*8: 3: Byte (AH) is 0. 7: Byte (AH) is not 0.
*9: 4: Byte (ear) is 0. 8: Byte (ear) is not 0.
*10: 5+(a): Byte (eam) is 0, 9+(a): Byte (eam) is not 0.
*11: 3: Word (AH) is 0. 11: Word (AH) is not 0.
*12: 4: Word (ear) is 0. 12: Word (ear) is not 0.
*13: 5+(a): Word (eam) is 0. 13+(a): Word (eam) is not 0.
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (c) in the table.
599
APPENDIX
Table D.8-7 11 Signed Multiplication/Division Instructions (Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
DIV
A
2
*1
0
0
word (AH) / byte (AL)
quotient → byte (AL) remainder → byte (AH)
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIV
A,ear
2
*2
1
0
word (A) / byte (ear)
quotient → byte (A) remainder → byte (ear)
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIV
A,eam
2+
*3
0
*6
word (A) / byte (eam)
quotient → byte (A) remainder → byte (eam)
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIVW
A,ear
2
*4
1
0
long (A) / word (ear)
quotient → word (A) remainder → word (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
DIVW
A,eam
2+
*5
0
*7
long (A) / word (eam)
quotient → word (A) remainder → word (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
MUL
A
2
*8
0
0
byte (AH) * byte (AL) → word (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MUL
A,ear
2
*9
1
0
byte (A) * byte (ear) → word (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
byte (A) * byte (eam) → word (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
word (AH) * word (AL) → Long (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
word (A) * word (ear) → Long (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(c)
word (A) * word (eam) → Long (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MUL
A,eam
2+
*10
0
(b)
MULW
A
2
*11
0
0
MULW
A,ear
2
*12
1
MULW
A,eam
2+
*13
0
*1:
*2:
*3:
*4:
3: Division by 0, 8 or 18: Overflow, 18: Normal
4: Division by 0, 11 or 22: Overflow, 23: Normal
5+(a): Division by 0, 12+(a) or 23+(a): Overflow, 24+(a): Normal
When dividend is positive; 4: Division by 0, 12 or 30: Overflow, 31: Normal
When dividend is negative; 4: Division by 0, 12 or 31: Overflow, 32: Normal
*5: When dividend is positive; 5+(a): Division by 0, 12+(a) or 31+(a): Overflow, 32+(a): Normal
When dividend is negative; 5+(a): Division by 0, 12+(a) or 32+(a): Overflow, 33+(a): Normal
*6: (b): Division by 0 or overflow, 2 × (b): Normal
*7: (c): Division by 0 or overflow, 2 × (c): Normal
*8: 3: Byte (AH) is 0, 12: result is positive, 13: result is negative
*9: 4: Byte (ear) is 0, 13: result is positive, 14: result is negative
*10: 5+(a): Byte (eam) is 0, 14+(a): result is positive, 15+(a): result is negative
*11: 3: Word (AH) is 0, 16: result is positive, 19: result is negative
*12: 4: Word (ear) is 0, 17: result is positive, 20: result is negative
*13: 5+(a): Word (eam) is 0, 18+(a): result is positive, 21+(a): result is negative
Notes:
• The execution cycle count found when an overflow occurs in a DIV or DIVW instruction may be a
pre-operation count or a post-operation count depending on the detection timing.
• When an overflow occurs with DIV or DIVW instruction, the contents of the AL are destroyed.
• See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (c) in the table.
600
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.8-8 39 Logic 1 Instructions (Byte, Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
-
AND
A,#imm8
2
2
0
0
byte (A) ← (A) and imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
AND
A,ear
2
3
1
0
byte (A) ← (A) and (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
AND
A,eam
2+
4+(a)
0
(b)
byte (A) ← (A) and (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
byte (ear) ← (ear) and (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
byte (eam) ← (eam) and (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
AND
ear,A
2
3
2
0
AND
eam,A
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
OR
A,#imm8
2
2
0
0
byte (A) ← (A) or imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
OR
A,ear
2
3
1
0
byte (A) ← (A) or (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
OR
A,eam
2+
4+(a)
0
(b)
byte (A) ← (A) or (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
OR
ear,A
2
3
2
0
byte (ear) ← (ear) or (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
OR
eam,A
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
byte (eam) ← (eam) or (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
XOR
A,#imm8
2
2
0
0
byte (A) ← (A) xor imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XOR
A,ear
2
3
1
0
byte (A) ← (A) xor (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XOR
A,eam
2+
4+(a)
0
(b)
byte (A) ← (A) xor (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XOR
ear,A
2
3
2
0
byte (ear) ← (ear) xor (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XOR
eam,A
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
byte (eam) ← (eam) xor (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
NOT
A
1
2
0
0
byte (A) ← not (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
NOT
ear
2
3
2
0
byte (ear) ← not (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
NOT
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
byte (eam) ← not (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
ANDW
A
1
2
0
0
word (A) ← (AH) and (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ANDW
A,#imm16
3
2
0
0
word (A) ← (A) and imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ANDW
A,ear
2
3
1
0
word (A) ← (A) and (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ANDW
A,eam
2+
4+(a)
0
(c)
word (A) ← (A) and (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
word (ear) ← (ear) and (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
word (eam) ← (eam) and (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
0
word (A) ← (AH) or (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
0
word (A) ← (A) or imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
1
0
word (A) ← (A) or (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
4+(a)
0
(c)
word (A) ← (A) or (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
2
3
2
0
word (ear) ← (ear) or (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
eam,A
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
word (eam) ← (eam) or (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
XORW
A
1
2
0
0
word (A) ← (AH) xor (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XORW
A,#imm16
3
2
0
0
word (A) ← (A) xor imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XORW
A,ear
2
3
1
0
word (A) ← (A) xor (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ANDW
ear,A
2
3
2
0
ANDW
eam,A
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
ORW
A
1
2
0
ORW
A,#imm16
3
2
0
ORW
A,ear
2
3
ORW
A,eam
2+
ORW
ear,A
ORW
XORW
A,eam
2+
4+(a)
0
(c)
word (A) ← (A) xor (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
XORW
ear,A
2
3
2
0
word (ear) ← (ear) xor (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XORW
eam,A
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
word (eam) ← (eam) xor (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
NOTW
A
1
2
0
0
word (A) ← not (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
NOTW
ear
2
3
2
0
word (ear) ← not (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
NOTW
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
word (eam) ← not (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
*
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (c) in the table.
601
APPENDIX
Table D.8-9 6 Logic 2 Instructions (Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
ANDL
A,ear
2
6
2
0
long (A) ← (A) and (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ANDL
A,eam
2+
7+(a)
0
(d)
long (A) ← (A) and (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ORL
A,ear
2
6
2
0
long (A) ← (A) or (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
ORL
A,eam
2+
7+(a)
0
(d)
long (A) ← (A) or (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XORL
A,ear
2
6
2
0
long (A) ← (A) xor (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
XORL
A,eam
2+
7+(a)
0
(d)
long (A) ← (A) xor (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
R
-
-
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) and (d) in the table.
Table D.8-10 6 Sign Inversion Instructions (Byte, Word)
Mnemonic
NEG
A
#
~
RG
B
1
2
0
0
byte (A) ← 0 - (A)
byte (ear) ← 0 - (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
byte (eam) ← 0 - (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
word (A) ← 0 - (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
NEG
ear
2
3
2
0
NEG
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
NEGW
A
1
2
0
0
NEGW
ear
2
3
2
0
NEGW
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (c)
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
X
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
word (ear) ← 0 - (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
word (eam) ← 0 - (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (c) in the table.
Table D.8-11 1 Normalization Instruction (Long Word)
Mnemonic
NRML
A,R0
#
~
RG
B
2
*1
1
0
Operation
long (A) ← Shift left to the position where '1' is set
for the first time.
byte (R0) ← Shift count at that time
*1: 4 when all accumulators have a value of 0; otherwise, 6+(R0)
602
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.8-12 18 Shift Instructions (Byte, Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
RORC
A
2
2
0
0
byte (A) ← Right rotation with carry
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
ROLC
A
2
2
0
0
byte (A) ← Right rotation with carry
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
RORC
ear
2
3
2
0
byte (ear) ← Right rotation with carry
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
RORC
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
byte (eam) ← Right rotation with carry
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
*
ROLC
ear
2
3
2
0
byte (ear) ← Left rotation with carry
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
ROLC
eam
2+
5+(a)
0
2 × (b)
byte (eam) ← Left rotation with carry
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
*
ASR
A,R0
2
*1
1
0
byte (A) ← Arithmetic right shift (A, 1 bit)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSR
A,R0
2
*1
1
0
byte (A) ← Logical right barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSL
A,R0
2
*1
1
0
byte (A) ← Logical left barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
ASRW
A
1
2
0
0
word (A) ← Arithmetic right shift (A, 1 bit)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSRW
A/SHRW A
1
2
0
0
word (A) ← Logical right shift (A, 1 bit)
-
-
-
-
*
R
*
-
*
-
LSLW
A/SHLW A
1
2
0
0
word (A) ← Logical left shift (A, 1 bit)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
ASRW
A,R0
2
*1
1
0
word (A) ← Arithmetic right barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSRW
A,R0
2
*1
1
0
word (A) ← Logical right barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSLW
A,R0
2
*1
1
0
word (A) ← Logical left barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
ASRL
A,R0
2
*2
1
0
long (A) ← Arithmetic right barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSRL
A,R0
2
*2
1
0
long (A) ← Logical right barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
-
LSLL
A,R0
2
*2
1
0
long (A) ← Logical left barrel shift (A, R0)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
-
*1: 6 when R0 is 0; otherwise, 5 + (R0)
*2: 6 when R0 is 0; otherwise, 6 + (R0)
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) and (b) in the table.
603
APPENDIX
Table D.8-13 31 Branch 1 Instructions
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
BZ/BEQ
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (Z) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BNZ/
BNE
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (Z) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BC/BLO
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (C) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BNC/
BHS
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (C) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BN
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (N) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BP
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (N) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BV
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (V) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BNV
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (V) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BT
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (T) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BNT
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (T) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BLT
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (V) xor (N) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BGE
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (V) xor (N) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BLE
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on ((V) xor (N)) or (Z) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BGT
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on ((V) xor (N)) or (Z) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BLS
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (C) or (Z) = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BHI
rel
2
*1
0
0
Branch on (C) or (Z) = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BRA
rel
2
*1
0
0
Unconditional branch
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JMP
@A
1
2
0
0
word (PC) ← (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JMP
addr16
3
3
0
0
word (PC) ← addr16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JMP
@ear
2
3
1
0
word (PC) ← (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JMP
@eam
2+
4+(a)
0
(c)
word (PC) ← (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JMPP
@ear *3
2
5
2
0
word (PC) ← (ear), (PCB) ← (ear+2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JMPP
@eam *3
2+
6+(a)
0
(d)
JMPP
addr24
4
4
0
0
word (PC) ← (eam), (PCB) ← (eam+2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
word (PC) ← ad24 0-15, (PCB) ← ad24 16-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CALL
@ear *4
2
6
1
(c)
word (PC) ← (ear)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CALL
@eam *4
2+
7+(a)
0
2 × (c)
word (PC) ← (eam)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CALL
addr16 *5
3
6
0
(c)
word (PC) ← addr16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CALLV
#vct4 *5
1
7
0
2 × (c)
Vector call instruction
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CALLP
@ear *6
2
10
2
2 × (c)
word (PC) ← (ear), (PCB) ← (ear+2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CALLP
@eam *6
2+
11+(a)
0
*2
CALLP
addr24 *7
4
10
0
2 × (c)
word (PC) ← (eam), (PCB) ← (eam+2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
word (PC) ← ad24 0-15, (PCB) ← ad24 16-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*1: 4 when a branch is made; otherwise, 3
*2: 3 × (c) + (b)
*3: Read (word) of branch destination address
*4: W: Save to stack (word) R: Read (word) of branch destination address
*5: Save to stack (word)
*6: W: Save to stack (long word), R: Read (long word) of branch destination address
*7: Save to stack (long word)
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (d) in the table.
604
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.8-14 19 Branch 2 Instructions
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S T N Z V C
RMW
CBNE
A,#imm8,rel
3
*1
0
0
Branch on byte (A) not equal to imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CWBNE
A,#imm16,rel
4
*1
0
0
Branch on word (A) not equal to imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CBNE
ear,#imm8,rel
4
*2
1
0
Branch on byte (ear) not equal to imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CBNE
eam,#imm8,rel *9
4+
*3
0
(b)
Branch on byte (eam) not equal to imm8
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CWBNE
ear,#imm16,rel
5
*4
1
0
Branch on word (ear) not equal to imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
CWBNE
eam,#imm16,rel*9
5+
*3
0
(c)
Branch on word (eam) not equal to imm16
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
DBNZ
ear,rel
3
*5
2
0
byte (ear) ← (ear) - 1, Branch on (ear) not equal to 0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
DBNZ
eam,rel
3+
*6
2
DWBNZ
ear,rel
3
*5
2
DWBNZ
eam,rel
3+
*6
2
2 × (b) byte (eam) ← (eam) - 1, Branch on (eam) not equal to 0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
2 × (c) word (eam) ← (eam) - 1, Branch on (eam) not equal to 0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
*
0
word (ear) ← (ear) - 1, Branch on (ear) not equal to 0
INT
#vct8
2
20
0
8 × (c) Software interrupt
-
-
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
INT
addr16
3
16
0
6 × (c) Software interrupt
-
-
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
INTP
addr24
4
17
0
6 × (c) Software interrupt
-
-
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
20
0
8 × (c) Software interrupt
-
-
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
INT9
RETI
LINK
#imm8
UNLINK
1
*8
0
*7
Return from interrupt
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
2
6
0
(c)
Saves the old frame pointer in the stack upon entering the
function, then sets the new frame pointer and reserves the
local pointer area.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
5
0
(c)
Recovers the old frame pointer from the stack upon exiting
the function.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
RET
*10
1
4
0
(c)
Return from subroutine
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
RETP
*11
1
6
0
(d)
Return from subroutine
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*1: 5 when a branch is made; otherwise, 4
*2: 13 when a branch is made; otherwise, 12
*3: 7+(a) when a branch is made; otherwise, 6+(a)
*4: 8 when a branch is made; otherwise, 7
*5: 7 when a branch is made; otherwise, 6
*6: 8+(a) when a branch is made; otherwise, 7+(a)
*7: 3 × (b) + 2 × (c) when jumping to the next interruption request; 6 × (c) when returning from the current interruption
*8: 15 when jumping to the next interruption request; 17 when returning from the current interruption
*9: Do not use RWj+ addressing mode with a CBNE or CWBNE instruction.
*10: Return from stack (word)
*11: Return from stack (long word)
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) to (d) in the table.
605
APPENDIX
Table D.8-15 28 Other Control Instructions (Byte, Word, Long Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
PUSHW
A
1
4
0
(c)
word (SP) ← (SP) - 2, ((SP)) ← (A)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PUSHW
AH
1
4
0
(c)
word (SP) ← (SP) - 2, ((SP)) ← (AH)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PUSHW
PS
1
4
0
(c)
word (SP) ← (SP) - 2, ((SP)) ← (PS)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PUSHW
rlst
2
*3
*5
*4
(SP) ← (SP) - 2n, ((SP)) ← (rlst)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
POPW
A
1
3
0
(c)
word (A) ← ((SP)), (SP) ← (SP) + 2
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
POPW
AH
1
3
0
(c)
word (AH) ← ((SP)), (SP) ← (SP) + 2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
POPW
PS
1
4
0
(c)
word (PS) ← ((SP)), (SP) ← (SP) + 2
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
POPW
rlst
2
*2
*5
*4
(rlst) ← ((SP)), (SP) ← (SP) + 2n
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
JCTX
@A
1
14
0
6 × (c)
Context switch instruction
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
AND
CCR,#imm8
2
3
0
0
byte (CCR) ← (CCR) and imm8
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
OR
CCR,#imm8
2
3
0
0
byte (CCR) ← (CCR) or imm8
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
MOV
RP,#imm8
2
2
0
0
byte (RP) ← imm8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOV
ILM,#imm8
2
2
0
0
byte (ILM) ← imm8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOVEA
RWi,ear
2
3
1
0
word (RWi) ← ear
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOVEA
RWi,eam
2+
2+(a)
1
0
word (RWi) ← eam
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOVEA
A,ear
2
1
0
0
word (A) ← ear
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOVEA
A,eam
2+
1+(a)
0
0
word (A) ← eam
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ADDSP
#imm8
2
3
0
0
word (SP) ← (SP) + ext(imm8)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ADDSP
#imm16
3
3
0
0
word (SP) ← (SP) + imm16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOV
A,brg1
2
*1
0
0
byte (A) ← (brg1)
Z
*
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
MOV
brg2,A
-
2
1
0
0
byte (brg2) ← (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
NOP
1
1
0
0
No operation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ADB
1
1
0
0
Prefix code for AD space access
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DTB
1
1
0
0
Prefix code for DT space access
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PCB
1
1
0
0
Prefix code for PC space access
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPB
1
1
0
0
Prefix code for SP space access
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NCC
1
1
0
0
Prefix code for flag no-change
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CMR
1
1
0
0
Prefix code for common register bank
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*1: PCB, ADB, SSB, USB, SPB: 1, DTB, DPR: 2
*2: 7 + 3 × (POP count) + 2 × (POP last register number), 7 when RLST = 0 (no transfer register)
*3: 29 + 3 × (PUSH count) - 3 × (PUSH last register number), 8 when RLST = 0 (no transfer register)
*4: (POP count) × (c) or (PUSH count) × (c)
*5: (POP count) or (PUSH count)
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (a) and (c) in the table.
606
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.8-16 21 Bit Operand Instructions
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
MOVB
A,dir:bp
3
5
0
(b)
byte (A) ← (dir:bp)b
Z
*
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
MOVB
A,addr16:bp
4
5
0
(b)
byte (A) ← (addr16:bp)b
Z
*
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
MOVB
A,io:bp
3
4
0
(b)
byte (A) ← (io:bp)b
Z
*
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
MOVB
dir:bp,A
3
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (dir:bp)b ← (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
MOVB
addr16:bp,A
4
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (addr16:bp)b ← (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
MOVB
io:bp,A
3
6
0
2 × (b)
bit (io:bp)b ← (A)
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
*
SETB
dir:bp
3
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (dir:bp)b ← 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SETB
addr16:bp
4
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (addr16:bp)b ← 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
SETB
io:bp
3
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (io:bp)b ← 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
CLRB
dir:bp
3
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (dir:bp)b ← 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CLRB
addr16:bp
4
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (addr16:bp)b ← 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
CLRB
io:bp
3
7
0
2 × (b)
bit (io:bp)b ← 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
BBC
dir:bp,rel
4
*1
0
(b)
Branch on (dir:bp) b = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
BBC
addr16:bp,rel
5
*1
0
(b)
Branch on (addr16:bp) b = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
BBC
io:bp,rel
4
*2
0
(b)
Branch on (io:bp) b = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
BBS
dir:bp,rel
4
*1
0
(b)
Branch on (dir:bp) b = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
BBS
addr16:bp,rel
5
*1
0
(b)
Branch on (addr16:bp) b = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
BBS
io:bp,rel
4
*2
0
(b)
Branch on (io:bp) b = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
SBBS
addr16:bp,rel
5
*3
0
2 × (b)
Branch on (addr16:bp) b = 1,
bit (addr16:bp) b ← 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
*
WBTS
io:bp
3
*4
0
*5
Waits until (io:bp) b = 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WBTC
io:bp
3
*4
0
*5
Waits until (io:bp) b = 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
*1: 8 when a branch is made; otherwise, 7
*2: 7 when a branch is made; otherwise, 6
*3: 10 when the condition is met; otherwise, 9
*4: Undefined count
*5: Until the condition is met
Note:
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (b) in the table.
Table D.8-17 6 Accumulator Operation Instructions (Byte, Word)
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
SWAP
1
3
0
0
byte (A)0-7 ↔ (A)8-15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SWAPW
1
2
0
0
word (AH) ↔ (AL)
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EXT
1
1
0
0
Byte sign extension
X
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
EXTW
1
2
0
0
Word sign extension
-
X
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
ZEXT
1
1
0
0
Byte zero extension
Z
-
-
-
-
R
*
-
-
-
ZEXTW
1
1
0
0
Word zero extension
-
Z
-
-
-
R
*
-
-
-
607
APPENDIX
Table D.8-18 10 String Instructions
Mnemonic
#
~
RG
B
Operation
LH
AH
I
S
T
N
Z
V
C
RMW
-
MOVS / MOVSI
2
*2
*5
*3
byte transfer @AH+ ← @AL+, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOVSD
2
*2
*5
*3
byte transfer @AH- ← @AL-, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SCEQ / SCEQI
2
*1
*8
*4
byte search @AH+ ← AL, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
SCEQD
2
*1
*8
*4
byte search @AH- ← AL, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
FILS / FILSI
2
6m+6
*8
*3
byte fill @AH+ ← AL, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
MOVSW / MOVSWI
2
*2
*5
*6
word transfer @AH+ ← @AL+, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MOVSWD
2
*2
*5
*6
word transfer @AH- ← @AL-, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SCWEQ / SCWEQI
2
*1
*8
*7
word search @AH+ - AL, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
SCWEQD
2
*1
*8
*7
word search @AH- - AL, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
-
FILSW / FILSWI
2
6m+6
*8
*6
word fill @AH+ ← AL, counter = RW0
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
*1: 5 when RW0 is 0, 4 + 7 × (RW0) when the counter expires, or 7n + 5 when a match occurs
*2: 5 when RW0 is 0; otherwise, 4 + 8 × (RW0)
*3: (b) × (RW0) + (b) × (RW0) When the source and destination access different areas, calculate the (b) item individually.
*4: (b) × n
*5: 2 × (b) × (RW0)
*6: (c) × (RW0) + (c) × (RW0) When the source and destination access different areas, calculate the (c) item individually.
*7: (c) × n
*8: (b) × (RW0)
Note:
m: RW0 value (counter value), n: Loop count
See Table D.5-1 and Table D.5-2 for information on (b) and (c) in the table.
608
APPENDIX D Instructions
D.9
Instruction Map
Each F2MC-16LX instruction code consists of 1 or 2 bytes. Therefore, the instruction
map consists of multiple pages. Table D.9-2 to Table D.9-21 summarize the F2MC-16LX
instruction map.
■ Structure of Instruction Map
Figure D.9-1 Structure of Instruction Map
Basic page map
Bit operation
instructions
Character string
operation
instructions
2-byte
instructions
: Byte 1
ea instructions × 9 : Byte 2
An instruction such as the NOP instruction that ends in one byte is completed within the basic page. An
instruction such as the MOVS instruction that requires two bytes recognizes the existence of byte 2 when it
references byte 1, and can check the following one byte by referencing the map for byte 2. Figure D.9-2
shows the correspondence between an actual instruction code and instruction map.
609
APPENDIX
Figure D.9-2 Correspondence between Actual Instruction Code and Instruction Map
Some instructions do
not contain byte 2.
Instruction
code
Length varies
depending on the
instruction.
Byte 1
Byte 2
Operand
Operand
...
[Basic page map]
XY
+Z
[Extended page map]*
UV
+W
*: The extended page map is a generic name of maps for bit operation instructions, character
string operation instructions, 2-byte instructions, and ea instructions. Actually, there are
multiple extended page maps for each type of instructions.
An example of an instruction code is shown in Table D.9-1.
Table D.9-1 Example of an Instruction Code
Byte 1
(from basic page map)
Byte 2
(from extended page map)
NOP
00 +0=00
-
AND A, #8
30 +4=34
-
MOV A, ADB
60 +F=6F
00 +0=00
@RW2+d8, #8, rel
70 +0=70
F0 +2=F2
Instruction
610
+F
+E
+D
+C
+B
+A
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
A
ZEXT
SWAP
ADDSP
DTB
ADB
SPB
#8
A, #8
dir, A
A, dir
io, A
A, io
JMP
BRA
60
MULU
DIVU
ea
@A instruction 2
A
MOVW
MOVX
RET
SP, A A, addr16
A0
B0
C0
ea
instruction 8
D0
E0
rel
rel
LSRW
ASRW
LSLW
SWAPW
ZEXTW
XORW
ORW
ANDW
ORW
PUSHW
POPW
A, #16
AH
AH
MOVW
ea, RWi
Bit operation MOV
A instruction
ea, Ri
MOVW
RWi, ea
PUSHW
POPW
2-byte
XCHW
A
rlst
rlst instruction
RWi, ea
Character
XORW
PUSHW
POPW
XCH
operation
A
A, #16
PS
PS string
Ri, ea
instruction
A
ANDW
PUSHW
POPW
A
A, #16
A
CMPW
MOVL
MOVW
RETI
A, #16
A, #32 addr16, A
ADDSP
MULUW
NOTW
A
#16
A
A
A
EXTW
A
BHI
BLS
BGT
BLE
rel
rel
rel
rel
rel
BGE
CMPL
CMPW
A, #32
NEGW
A
rel
rel
rel
rel
rel
rel
BLT
BT
BNV
BV
BP
BN
BNC/BHS
rel
BC/BLO
BNZ/BNE
rel
BZ/BEQ
MOV
MOV
CBNE A, CWBNE A, MOVW
MOVW
INTP
MOV
RP, #8
ILM, #8
#8, rel
#16, rel
A, #16 A,addr16
addr24
Ri, ea
#4
F0
rel
ADDW
MOVW
MOVW
INT
ea
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOV A,
MOVW
A, #16
A, dir
A, io
#vct8 instruction 9
A, RWi
RWi, A RWi, #16 @RWi+d8 @RWi+d8, A
NOT
ea
instruction 7
MOVX
MOVX
CALLP
ea
A, dir
A, io
addr24 instruction 6
MOVW
MOVW
RETP
A, #8
A, SP
io, #16
A, #8
90
BNT
SUBL
SUBW
A, #32
A
A
A
XOR
OR
OR
CCR, #8
80
ea
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOVX A, MOV
CALL
rel instruction 1
A, Ri
Ri, A
Ri, #8
A, Ri @RWi+d8
A, #4
70
MOV
JMP
ea
A, addr16
addr16 instruction 3
MOV
MOV
50
MOVX
MOV
JMPP
ea
A, #8
A, #8 addr16, A
addr24 instruction 4
MOV
MOV
MOV
40
SUBW
MOVW
MOVW
INT
MOVEA
A
A, #16
dir, A
io, A
addr16
RWi, ea
UNLINK
A
CMP
A
A, #8
A, #8
SUBC
SUB
ADD
30
AND
AND
MOV
MOV
CALL
ea
CCR, #8
A, #8
dir, #8
io, #8
addr16 instruction 5
CMP
A
A, dir
A, dir
ADDC
SUB
ADD
20
LINK
ADDL
ADDW
#imm8
A, #32
EXT
@A
PCB
A
JCTX
SUBDC
ADDDC
NEG
NCC
INT9
A
CMR
10
NOP
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-2 Basic Page Map
611
612
+F
+E
+D
+C
+B
+A
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
10
MOVB
io:bp, A
20
30
CLRB
io:bp
40
50
SETB
io:bp
60
70
BBC
io;bp, rel
80
90
BBS
io:bp, rel
A0
B0
MOVB
MOVB A, MOVB
MOVB
CLRB
CLRB
SETB
SETB
BBC
BBC
BBS
BBS
A, dir:bp addr16:bp
dir:bp, A addr16:bp,A
dir:bp addr16:bp
dir:bp addr16:bp dir:bp, rel addr16:bp,rel dir:bp, rel addr16:bp,rel
MOVB
A, io:bp
00
WBTS
io:bp
C0
D0
WBTC
io:bp
E0
SBBS
addr16:bp
F0
APPENDIX
Table D.9-3 Bit Operation Instruction Map (First Byte = 6CH)
MOVSI
MOVSD
PCB, PCB
PCB, DTB
PCB, ADB
PCB, SPB
DTB, PCB
DTB, DTB
DTB, ADB
DTB, SPB
ADB, PCB
ADB, DTB
ADB, ADB
ADB, SPB
SPB, PCB
SPB, DTB
SPB, ADB
SPB, SPB
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
10
+0
00
MOVSWI
20
MOVSWD
30
40
50
60
70
90
A0
B0
C0
SPB
ADB
DTB
SPB
ADB
DTB
SPB
ADB
DTB
SPB
ADB
DTB
SPB
ADB
DTB
SCEQI
SCEQD
SCWEQI SCWEQD FILSI
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
80
D0
FILSI
SPB
ADB
DTB
PCB
E0
F0
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-4 Character String Operation Instruction Map (First Byte = 6EH)
613
614
LSLW
LSLL
LSL
MOVW
MOVW
A, R0
A, R0
A, R0 @RL2+d8, A A, @RL2+d8
MOVW
MOVW
NRML
A, @A @AL, AH
A, R0
ASRW
ASRL
ASR
MOVW
MOVW
A, R0
A, R0
A, R0 @RL3+d8, A A, @RL3+d8
LSRW
LSRL
LSR
A, R0
A, R0
A, R0
+D
+E
+F
MOVW
MOVW
@RL1+d8, A A, @RL1+d8
MOVW
MOVW
@RL0+d8, A A, @RL0+d8
+C
+B
+A
+9
+8
A
MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
MOV
A, PCB
A, @A A, @RL3+d8 @RL3+d8, A A, @RL3+d8
+6
ROLC
MOV
MOV
A, @A @AL, AH
+5
A
MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
MOV
A, DPR
DPR, A A, @RL2+d8 @RL2+d8, A A, @RL2+d8
+4
ROLC
MOV
MOV
A, USB
USB, A
+3
+7
MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
MOV
A, SSB
SSB, A A, @RL1+d8 @RL1+d8, A A, @RL1+d8
+2
40
MOV
MOV
A, ADB
ADB, A
30
+1
20
MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
MOV
A, DTB
DTB, A A, @RL0+d8 @RL0+d8, A A, @RL0+d8
10
+0
00
50
DIVU
MULW
MUL
60
A
A
A
70
80
90
A0
B0
C0
D0
E0
F0
APPENDIX
Table D.9-5 2-byte Instruction Map (First Byte = 6FH)
50
90
B0
D0
@RW1, @RW1+d16 CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW2, @RW2+d16 CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW3, @RW3+d16 CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A,
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A,
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A,
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A,
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A, Use
@RW0+RW7 CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A, Use
@RW0+RW7
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 prohibited
#16, rel A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 prohibited
,#8, rel
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A, Use
@RW1+RW7 CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A, Use
@RW1+RW7
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 prohibited
#16, rel A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 prohibited
,#8, rel
ADDL
ADDL A,
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
ADDL
ADDL A, SUBL
SUBL A, Use
A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 prohibited
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
SUBL
SUBL A,
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW0, @RW0+d16 CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
Use
prohibited
ANDL
ANDL A,
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
addr16,
,#8, rel
Use
@PC+d16,
prohibited
,#8, rel
@RW3, @RW3+d16
#8, rel
,#8, rel
@RW2, @RW2+d16
#8, rel
,#8, rel
@RW1, @RW1+d16
#8, rel
,#8, rel
@RW0, @RW0+d16
#8, rel
,#8, rel
R7, @RW7+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
R6, @RW6+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
R5, @RW5+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
R4, @RW4+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
R3, @RW3+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
addr16, CMPL
CMPL A, ANDL
ANDL A, ORL
ORL A,
XORL
XORL A, Use
#16, rel A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 prohibited
@PC+d16, CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW7, @RW7+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
RW6, @RW6+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
RW5, @RW5+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
RW4, @RW4+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
R2, @RW2+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
R1, @RW1+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
+4
RW3, @RW3+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
RW2, @RW2+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
RW1, @RW1+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
+3
CBNE ↓
F0
R0, @RW0+d8,
#8, rel
#8, rel
CBNE ↓
E0
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
XORL
XORL A,
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
C0
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
ORL
ORL A,
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
A0
+2
ANDL
ANDL A,
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
80
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
70
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
60
RW0, @RW0+d8 CMPL
CMPL A,
#16, rel
#16, rel
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
CWBNE ↓ CWBNE ↓
40
+1
30
+0
20
SUBL
SUBL A,
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
10
ADDL
ADDL A,
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-6 ea Instruction 1 (First Byte = 70H)
615
616
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL3 @@RW7+d8
@RL3 @@RW7+d8
RL3 @RW7+d8
RL3 @RW7+d8
A, RL3 @RW7+d8
RL3, A @RW7+d8,A
R7, #8 @RW7+d8,#8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
JMPP
JMPP @
CALLP
CALLP @
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A,
MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW0 @RW0+d16 @@RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0,A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, #8 @RW0+d16,#8
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
JMPP
JMPP @
CALLP
CALLP @
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A,
MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW1 @RW1+d16 @@RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1,A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, #8 @RW1+d16,#8
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
JMPP
JMPP @
CALLP
CALLP @
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A,
MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW2 @RW2+d16 @@RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2,A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, #8 @RW2+d16,#8
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
JMPP
JMPP @
CALLP
CALLP @
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A,
MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW3 @RW3+d16 @@RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3,A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, #8 @RW3+d16,#8
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
JMPP
JMPP @
CALLP
CALLP @
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A,
MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+,A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, #8 @RW0+RW7,#8 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
JMPP
JMPP @
CALLP
CALLP @
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A,
MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+,A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, #8 @RW1+RW7,#8 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW2+ @@PC+d16 @@RW2+ @@PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+,A @PC+d16, A @RW2+, #8 @PC+d16, #8 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@@RW3+ @addr16 @@RW3+ @addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+,A
addr16, A @RW3+, #8
addr16, #8 A,@RW3+
addr16
+8
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
F0
+7
E0
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL3 @@RW6+d8
@RL3 @@RW6+d8
RL3 @RW6+d8
RL3 @RW6+d8
A, RL3 @RW6+d8
RL3, A @RW6+d8,A
R6, #8 @RW6+d8,#8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
D0
+6
C0
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL2 @@RW5+d8
@RL2 @@RW5+d8
RL2 @RW5+d8
RL2 @RW5+d8
A, RL2 @RW5+d8
RL2, A @RW5+d8,A
R5, #8 @RW5+d8,#8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
B0
+5
A0
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL2 @@RW4+d8
@RL2 @@RW4+d8
RL2 @RW4+d8
RL2 @RW4+d8
A, RL2 @RW4+d8
RL2, A @RW4+d8,A
R4, #8 @RW4+d8,#8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
90
+4
80
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL1 @@RW3+d8
@RL1 @@RW3+d8
RL1 @RW3+d8
RL1 @RW3+d8
A, RL1 @RW3+d8
RL1, A @RW3+d8,A
R3, #8 @RW3+d8,#8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
70
+3
60
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL1 @@RW2+d8
@RL1 @@RW2+d8
RL1 @RW2+d8
RL1 @RW2+d8
A, RL1 @RW2+d8
RL1, A @RW2+d8,A
R2, #8 @RW2+d8,#8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
50
+2
40
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL0 @@RW1+d8
@RL0 @@RW1+d8
RL0 @RW1+d8
RL0 @RW1+d8
A, RL0 @RW1+d8
RL0, A @RW1+d8,A
R1, #8 @RW1+d8,#8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
30
+1
20
JMPP
JMPP
CALLP
CALLP
INCL
INCL
DECL
DECL
MOVL
MOVL A, MOVL
MOVL
MOV
MOV
MOVEA
MOVEA A,
@RL0 @@RW0+d8
@RL0 @@RW0+d8
RL0 @RW0+d8
RL0 @RW0+d8
A, RL0 @RW0+d8
RL0, A @RW0+d8,A
R0, #8 @RW0+d8,#8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-7 ea Instruction 2 (First Byte = 71H)
D0
E0
F0
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV A,
MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A,
XCH
XCH A,
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV A,
MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A,
XCH
XCH A,
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+, A @PC+d16, A A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+, A
addr16, A A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16
+D
+E
+F
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
R7, A @RW7+d8,A
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
R6, A @RW6+d8,A
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
R5, A @RW5+d8,A
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
R4, A @RW4+d8,A
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
R3, A @RW3+d8,A
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
R2, A @RW2+d8,A
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
R1, A @RW1+d8,A
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
+C
INC
DEC
R7 @RW7+d8
C0
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
@RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R7 @RW7+d8
R7 @RW7+d8
ROLC
INC
DEC
R6 @RW6+d8
B0
+B
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R6 @RW6+d8
R6 @RW6+d8
ROLC
INC
DEC
R5 @RW5+d8
A0
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
@RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R5 @RW5+d8
R5 @RW5+d8
ROLC
INC
DEC
R4 @RW4+d8
90
+A
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R4 @RW4+d8
R4 @RW4+d8
ROLC
INC
DEC
R3 @RW3+d8
INC
DEC
R2 @RW2+d8
INC
DEC
R1 @RW1+d8
80
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
R0, A @RW0+d8,A
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
70
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
@RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R3 @RW3+d8
R3 @RW3+d8
ROLC
60
INC
DEC
R0 @RW0+d8
50
+9
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R2 @RW2+d8
R2 @RW2+d8
ROLC
40
ROLC
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
INC
DEC
DEC
MOV
MOV
A, MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOVX A, XCH
XCH
A,
@RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R1 @RW1+d8
R1 @RW1+d8
ROLC
30
ROLC
RORC
RORC
INC
R0 @RW0+d8
R0 @RW0+d8
20
ROLC
10
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-8 ea Instruction 3 (First Byte = 72H)
617
618
JMP
JMP @
CALL
CALL @
INCW
INCW @ DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@@RW3 @RW3+d16 @@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, #16 @RW3+d16,#16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
+B
JMP
JMP
CALL
CALL
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@@RW3+ @addr16 @@RW3+ @addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+, A
addr16, A @RW3+, #16
addr16, #16 A,@RW3+
addr16
INCW @
+F
INCW
JMP
JMP
CALL
CALL
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@@RW2+ @@PC+d16 @@RW2+ @@PC+d16 @RW2+ @@PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+, A @PC+d16, A @RW2+, #16 @PC+d16, #16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
CALL @
+E
CALL
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A,
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, #16 @RW1+RW7,#16 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
+D @@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+ @RW1+RW7
INCW @
MOVW
MOVW
RW7, #16 @RW7+d8,#16
MOVW
MOVW
RW6, #16 @RW6+d8,#16
MOVW
MOVW
RW5, #16 @RW5+d8,#16
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A,
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, #16 @RW0+RW7,#16 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
INCW
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW7 @RW7+d8
RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW7, A @RW7+d8,A
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW6 @RW6+d8
RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW6, A @RW6+d8,A
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW5 @RW5+d8
RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW5, A @RW5+d8,A
MOVW
MOVW
RW4, #16 @RW4+d8,#16
+C @@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+ @RW0+RW7
JMP @
JMP
JMP @
CALL
CALL @
INCW
INCW @ DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@@RW2 @RW2+d16 @@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, #16 @RW2+d16,#16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
+A
JMP
JMP
JMP @
CALL
CALL @
INCW
INCW @ DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@@RW1 @RW1+d16 @@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, #16 @RW1+d16,#16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
+9
CALL @
JMP
JMP @
CALL
CALL @
INCW
INCW @ DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
XCHW
XCHW A,
@@RW0 @RW0+d16 @@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0,A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, #16 @RW0+d16,#16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
+8
CALL
CALL
CALL
RW7 @@RW7+d8
JMP
JMP
@RW7 @@RW7+d8
+7
JMP @
CALL
CALL
RW6 @@RW6+d8
JMP
JMP
@RW6 @@RW6+d8
+6
JMP
CALL
CALL
RW5 @@RW5+d8
JMP
JMP
@RW5 @@RW5+d8
+5
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4, A @RW4+d8,A
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
CALL
CALL
RW4 @@RW4+d8
MOVW
MOVW
RW3, #16 @RW3+d8,#16
MOVW
MOVW
RW2, #16 @RW2+d8,#16
MOVW
MOVW
RW1, #16 @RW1+d8,#16
JMP
JMP
@RW4 @@RW4+d8
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3, A @RW3+d8,A
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2, A @RW2+d8,A
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW1 @RW1+d8
RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW1, A @RW1+d8,A
+4
F0
XCHW
XCHW A,
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
E0
CALL
CALL
RW3 @@RW3+d8
D0
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, #16 @RW0+d8,#16
C0
JMP
JMP
@RW3 @@RW3+d8
B0
+3
A0
CALL
CALL
RW2 @@RW2+d8
90
JMP
JMP
@RW2 @@RW2+d8
80
+2
70
CALL
CALL
RW1 @@RW1+d8
60
JMP
JMP
@RW1 @@RW1+d8
50
INCW
INCW
DECW
DECW
MOVW
MOVW A, MOVW
MOVW
RW0 @RW0+d8
RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW0, A @RW0+d8,A
40
+1
30
CALL
CALL
RW0 @@RW0+d8
20
JMP
JMP
@RW0 @@RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-9 ea Instruction 4 (First Byte = 73H)
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
SUB
ADDC
A, ADDC
A,
ADDC
ADDC A,
A, CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
A,
A,
A, AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
A,
A,
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16, A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+, r PC+d16, r
+F A,@RW3+
ADD
ADD
SUB
SUB
ADDC
ADDC
CMP
CMP
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
DBNZ
DBNZ
A, addr16 A,@RW3+ A, addr16 A,@RW3+ A, addr16 A,@RW3+ A, addr16 A,@RW3+ A, addr16 A,@RW3+
A, addr16 A,@RW3+ A, addr16 @RW3+, r
addr16, r
+E A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
ADD
SUB
CMP
XOR
XOR A,
DBNZ
DBNZ @R
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+, r W1+RW7, r
A,
CMP
OR
OR
A,
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
ADD
ADD
ADDC A,
+D A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
ADDC
XOR
XOR A,
DBNZ
DBNZ @R
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+, r W0+RW7, r
A,
OR
OR
A,
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
SUB
+C A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
SUB
XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @R
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3, r W3+d16, r
ADD
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A,
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
+B
A,
XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @R
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2, r W2+d16, r
ADD
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A,
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
+A
ADD
XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @R
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1, r W1+d16, r
ADD
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A,
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
+9
ADD
XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @R
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0, r W0+d16, r
ADD
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A,
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
R7, r RW7+d8, r
ADD
F0
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
R6, r RW6+d8, r
E0
ADD
D0
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
R5, r RW5+d8, r
C0
ADD
B0
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
R4, r RW4+d8, r
A0
ADD
90
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
R3, r RW3+d8, r
80
ADD
70
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
R2, r RW2+d8, r
60
ADD
50
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
R1, r RW1+d8, r
40
ADD
30
ADD
A, SUB
SUB
A, ADDC
ADDC A, CMP
CMP
A, AND
AND
A, OR
OR
A, XOR
XOR
A, DBNZ
DBNZ @
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
R0, r RW0+d8, r
20
ADD
10
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-10 ea Instruction 5 (First Byte = 74H)
619
620
NOT
NOT
R2 @RW2+d8
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
ADD
SUB
SUB
@RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A
ADD @R
@RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A
ADD @R
+F
ADD
ADD
@RW3+, A addr16, A
SUB
SUB
@RW3+, A addr16, A
+E @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A
ADD
+D @RW1+, A
ADD
+C @RW0+, A
ADD
NOT
NOT
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
NOT
NOT
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
A,@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+, A addr16, A
OR
OR
@RW3+, A addr16, A
XOR
XOR
@RW3+, A addr16, A
NOT
NOT
@RW3+
addr16
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
NOT
NOT
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A @RW2+ @PC+d16
SUBC
SUBC A,
NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A
SUBC
SUBC A,
NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A
NOT
NOT
@RW3 @RW3+d16
ADD
ADD @R
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
@RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A A, @RW3 @RW3+d16
@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A
+B
XOR
NOT
NOT
R7, A @RW7+d8, A
R7 @RW7+d8
XOR
NOT
NOT
R6, A @RW6+d8, A
R6 @RW6+d8
XOR
NOT
NOT
R5, A @RW5+d8, A
R5 @RW5+d8
XOR
NOT
NOT
R4, A @RW4+d8, A
R4 @RW4+d8
XOR
NOT
NOT
R3, A @RW3+d8, A
R3 @RW3+d8
XOR
R2, A @RW2+d8,A
XOR
NOT
NOT
R1, A @RW1+d8, A
R1 @RW1+d8
NOT
NOT
@RW2 @RW2+d16
XOR
F0
ADD
ADD @R
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
@RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A A, @RW2 @RW2+d16
@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R7 @RW7+d8
R7, A @RW7+d8, A
R7, A @RW7+d8, A
XOR
XOR
XOR
XOR
XOR
XOR
E0
XOR
NOT
NOT
R0, A @RW0+d8, A
R0 @RW0+d8
D0
+A
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R7, A @RW7+d8, A
R7, A @RW7+d8, A
A, R7 @RW7+d8
ADD
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R6 @RW6+d8
R6, A @RW6+d8, A
R6, A @RW6+d8, A
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R5 @RW5+d8
R5, A @RW5+d8, A
R5, A @RW5+d8, A
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R4 @RW4+d8
R4, A @RW4+d8, A
R4, A @RW4+d8, A
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R3 @RW3+d8
R3, A @RW3+d8, A
R3, A @RW3+d8, A
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R2 @RW2+d8
R2, A @RW2+d8,A
R2, A @RW2+d8,A
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R1 @RW1+d8
R1, A @RW1+d8, A
R1, A @RW1+d8, A
XOR
C0
NOT
NOT
@RW1 @RW1+d16
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R6, A @RW6+d8, A
R6, A @RW6+d8, A
A, R6 @RW6+d8
ADD
B0
ADD
ADD @R
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
@RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A A, @RW1 @RW1+d16
@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R5, A @RW5+d8, A
R5, A @RW5+d8, A
A, R5 @RW5+d8
ADD
A0
+9
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R4, A @RW4+d8, A
R4, A @RW4+d8, A
A, R4 @RW4+d8
ADD
90
NOT
NOT
@RW0 @RW0+d16
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R3, A @RW3+d8, A
R3, A @RW3+d8, A
A, R3 @RW3+d8
ADD
80
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
R0 @RW0+d8
R0, A @RW0+d8, A
R0, A @RW0+d8, A
70
ADD
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
NEG A,
AND
AND
OR
OR
XOR
XOR
@RW0, A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A A, @RW0 @RW0+d16
@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R2, A @RW2+d8,A
R2, A @RW2+d8,A
A, R2 @RW2+d8
60
ADD
50
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R1, A @RW1+d8, A
R1, A @RW1+d8, A
A, R1 @RW1+d8
40
ADD
30
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUBC
SUBC A, NEG
R0, A @RW0+d8, A
R0, A @RW0+d8, A
A, R0 @RW0+d8
20
ADD
10
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-11 ea Instruction 6 (First Byte = 75H)
ADDW A, SUBW
ADDW
ADDCW
CMPW
ADDCW A, CMPW
ADDCW A,
ANDW
CMPW A, ANDW
CMPW A,
ORW
ORW
ANDW A, ORW
ANDW A,
ANDW A,
ORW
ORW
ORW
A,
A,
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
+F A,@RW3+
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
addr 16 A,@RW3+ addr 16
A,@RW3+
addr 16 A,@RW3+
addr 16 A,@RW3+
addr 16 A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr 16 @RW3+, r
addr16, r
+E A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16, A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+, r @PC+d16,r
SUBW A, ADDCW
SUBW A,
ANDW
XORW
XORW A,
DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+, r @RW1+RW7,r
SUBW
ADDW A,
ADDW
CMPW A,
+D A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
CMPW
XORW
XORW A,
DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+, r @RW0+RW7,r
ADDCW A,
+C A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
ADDCW
XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3, r @RW3+d16,r
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A,
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
+B
SUBW A,
XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2, r @RW2+d16,r
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A,
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
+A
SUBW
XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1, r @RW1+d16,r
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A,
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
+9
ADDW A,
XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0, r @RW0+d16,r
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A,
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
+8
ADDW
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW7, r @RW7+d8,r
F0
+7
E0
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW6, r @RW6+d8,r
D0
+6
C0
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW5, r @RW5+d8,r
B0
+5
A0
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4, r @RW4+d8,r
90
+4
80
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3, r @RW3+d8,r
70
+3
60
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2, r @RW2+d8,r
50
+2
40
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW1, r @RW1+d8,r
30
+1
20
ADDW
ADDW A, SUBW
SUBW A, ADDCW
ADDCW A, CMPW
CMPW A, ANDW
ANDW A, ORW
ORW
A, XORW
XORW A, DWBNZ
DWBNZ
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW0, r @RW0+d8,r
10
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-12 ea Instruction 7 (First Byte = 76H)
621
622
NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
@RW3 @RW3+d16 @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A
@RW3 @RW3+d16
SUBW
SUBW
@RW3+, A addr16, A
ADDW
ADDW
@RW3+, A addr16, A
+F
SUBCW
SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
A,@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+, A addr16, A
ORW
ORW
@RW3+, A addr16, A
XORW
XORW
@RW3+, A addr16, A
NOTW
NOTW
@RW3+
addr16
SUBCW
SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16 @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A @RW2+, A @PC+d16,A
@RW2+ @PC+d16
SUBW
SUBW
@RW2+, A @PC+d16,A
ADDW
ADDW
@RW2+, A @PC+d16,A
+E
SUBCW A,
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW
SUBCW A,
NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
@RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+ @RW1+RW7 @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+, A @RW1+RW7,A @RW1+ @RW1+RW7
SUBCW
+D
SUBW
SUBCW A,
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW
SUBCW A,
NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
@RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+ @RW0+RW7 @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+, A @RW0+RW7,A @RW0+ @RW0+RW7
SUBW
SUBCW
+C
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBCW A,
+B @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A @RW3, A @RW3+d16,A A, @RW3 @RW3+d16
SUBW
SUBCW
NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
@RW2 @RW2+d16 @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A
@RW2 @RW2+d16
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
+A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A @RW2, A @RW2+d16,A A, @RW2 @RW2+d16
SUBW
NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
@RW1 @RW1+d16 @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A
@RW1 @RW1+d16
ADDW
ADDW
SUBCW A,
+9 @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A @RW1, A @RW1+d16,A A, @RW1 @RW1+d16
SUBCW
NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
NOTW
NOTW
@RW0 @RW0+d16 @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A
@RW0 @RW0+d16
SUBW
NOTW
NOTW
RW7 @RW7+d8
NOTW
NOTW
RW6 @RW6+d8
NOTW
NOTW
RW5 @RW5+d8
+8 @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A @RW0, A @RW0+d16,A A, @RW0 @RW0+d16
SUBW
XORW
XORW
RW7, A @RW7+d8, A
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW7, A @RW7+d8, A
RW7, A @RW7+d8, A
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW7 @RW7+d8
RW7, A @RW7+d8, A
RW7, A @RW7+d8, A
+7
ADDW
XORW
XORW
RW6, A @RW6+d8, A
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW6, A @RW6+d8, A
RW6, A @RW6+d8, A
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW6 @RW6+d8
RW6, A @RW6+d8, A
RW6, A @RW6+d8, A
+6
ADDW
XORW
XORW
RW5, A @RW5+d8, A
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW5, A @RW5+d8, A
RW5, A @RW5+d8, A
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW5 @RW5+d8
RW5, A @RW5+d8, A
RW5, A @RW5+d8, A
+5
NOTW
NOTW
RW4 @RW4+d8
XORW
XORW
RW4, A @RW4+d8, A
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW4, A @RW4+d8, A
RW4, A @RW4+d8, A
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4, A @RW4+d8, A
RW4, A @RW4+d8, A
+4
F0
NOTW
NOTW
RW0 @RW0+d8
E0
NOTW
NOTW
RW3 @RW3+d8
D0
XORW
XORW
RW3, A @RW3+d8, A
C0
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW3, A @RW3+d8, A
RW3, A @RW3+d8, A
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3, A @RW3+d8, A
RW3, A @RW3+d8, A
B0
+3
A0
NOTW
NOTW
RW2 @RW2+d8
90
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
XORW
XORW
RW2, A @RW2+d8,A
RW2, A @RW2+d8,A
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2, A @RW2+d8,A
RW2, A @RW2+d8,A
RW2, A @RW2+d8,A
80
+2
70
NOTW
NOTW
RW1 @RW1+d8
60
XORW
XORW
RW1, A @RW1+d8, A
50
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW1, A @RW1+d8, A
RW1, A @RW1+d8, A
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW1 @RW1+d8
RW1, A @RW1+d8, A
RW1, A @RW1+d8, A
40
+1
30
XORW
XORW
RW0, A @RW0+d8, A
20
ADDW
ADDW
SUBW
SUBW
SUBCW SUBCW A, NEGW
NEGW
ANDW
ANDW
ORW
ORW
RW0, A @RW0+d8, A
RW0, A @RW0+d8, A
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW0 @RW0+d8
RW0, A @RW0+d8, A
RW0, A @RW0+d8, A
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-13 ea Instruction 8 (First Byte = 77H)
DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A,
A, @RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A,
A, @RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A,
A, @RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A,
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A,
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A,
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MULU
MULU A, MULUW
MULUW A, MUL
MUL A,
MULW
MULW A,
DIVU
DIVU A,
DIVUW
DIVUW A,
A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 A,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
MULU
MULU A, MULUW
MULUW A, MUL
MUL A,
MULW
MULW A,
DIVU
DIVU A,
DIVUW
DIVUW A,
A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 A,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
MULU
MULU A, MULUW
MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16 A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
A,@RW2+ @PC+d16
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F A, @RW3+
MULU
DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW3 @RW3+d16 A,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A,
A, @RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A,
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
+8
MULU A, MULUW
MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
addr16 A,@RW3+ addr16
A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16 A,@RW3+
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
addr16 A,@RW3+
addr16
DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW2 @RW2+d16 A,@RW2 @RW2+d16
DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW1 @RW1+d16 A,@RW1 @RW1+d16
DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A,@RW0 @RW0+d16 A,@RW0 @RW0+d16
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
A, R7 @RW7+d8
A, RW7 @RW7+d8
F0
+7
E0
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
A, R6 @RW6+d8
A, RW6 @RW6+d8
D0
+6
C0
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
A, R5 @RW5+d8
A, RW5 @RW5+d8
B0
+5
A0
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
A, R4 @RW4+d8
A, RW4 @RW4+d8
90
+4
80
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
A, R3 @RW3+d8
A, RW3 @RW3+d8
70
+3
60
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
A, R2 @RW2+d8
A, RW2 @RW2+d8
50
+2
40
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
A, R1 @RW1+d8
A, RW1 @RW1+d8
30
+1
20
MULU
MULU A, MULUW MULUW A, MUL
MUL
A, MULW
MULW A, DIVU
DIVU
A, DIVUW
DIVUW A, DIV
DIV
A, DIVW
DIVW A,
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
A, R0 @RW0+d8
A, RW0 @RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-14 ea Instruction 9 (First Byte = 78H)
623
624
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA RW0
MOVEA RW0
MOVEA RW0
MOVEA RW0
MOVEA RW0
MOVEA RW0
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
+4
+5
+6
+7
50
70
90
B0
C0
D0
F0
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
RW6,@RW3+ RW6, addr16 RW7@RW3+ RW7, addr16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
RW6,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA
RW0,@RW3+ RW0, addr16 RW1,@RW3+ RW1, addr16 RW2,@RW3+ RW2, addr16 RW3,@RW3+ RW3, addr16 RW4,@RW3+ RW4, addr16 RW5,@RW3+ RW5, addr16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
+F
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,@RW2+ ,@PC+d16
MOVEA RW1
+E
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6 MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW5,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7 RW6,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7 RW7,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW7,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
E0
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2 MOVEA
MOVEA RW3 MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW2,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7 RW3,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7 RW4,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16 RW6,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16 RW6,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16 RW6,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16 RW6,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
RW6,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
RW6,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
RW6,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
RW6,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
RW6,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
RW6,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
RW6,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6
RW5,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
RW6,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
A0
+D RW0,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7 RW1,@RW1+ ,@RW1+RW7
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW4,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
80
MOVEA
MOVEA RW5 MOVEA
MOVEA RW6 MOVEA
MOVEA RW7
RW5,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7 RW6,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7 RW7,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW3
RW3,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
60
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2 MOVEA
MOVEA RW3 MOVEA
MOVEA RW4
RW2,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7 RW3,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7 RW4,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW7 ,@RW7+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW6 ,@RW6+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW5 ,@RW5+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW4 ,@RW4+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW2
RW2,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
40
+C RW0,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7 RW1,@RW0+ ,@RW0+RW7
+B RW0,@RW3 ,@RW3+d16
+A RW0,@RW2 ,@RW2+d16
+9 RW0,@RW1 ,@RW1+d16
MOVEA RW1
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW3 ,@RW3+d8
+3
MOVEA
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW2 ,@RW2+d8
+2
+8 RW0,@RW0 ,@RW0+d16
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW1 ,@RW1+d8
+1
30
MOVEA
MOVEA RW1
RW1,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
20
MOVEA
MOVEA RW0
RW0,RW0 ,@RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-15 MOVEA RWi, ea Instruction (First Byte = 79H)
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R7 @RW7+d8
R1, R7 @RW7+d8
R2, R7 @RW7+d8
R3, R7 @RW7+d8
R4, R7 @RW7+d8
R5, R7 @RW7+d8
R6, R7 @RW7+d8
R7, R7 @RW7+d8
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R1,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R2,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R3,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R4,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R5,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R6,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R7,@RW0 @RW0+d16
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R1,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R2,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R3,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R4,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R5,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R6,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R7,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R1,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R2,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R3,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R4,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R5,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R6,@RW2 @RW2+d16 R7,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R1,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R2,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R3,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R4,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R5,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R6,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R7,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MOV R0, MOV R0,
MOV R1, MOV R1,
MOV R2, MOV R2,
MOV R3, MOV R3,
MOV R4, MOV R4,
MOV R5, MOV R5,
MOV R6, MOV R6,
MOV R7, MOV R7,
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
MOV R0, MOV R0,
MOV R1, MOV R1,
MOV R2, MOV R2,
MOV R3, MOV R3,
MOV R4, MOV R4,
MOV R5, MOV R5,
MOV R6, MOV R6,
MOV R7, MOV R7,
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
MOV R0, MOV R0, MOV R1, MOV R1, MOV R2, MOV R2, MOV R3, MOV R3, MOV R4, MOV R4, MOV R5, MOV R5, MOV R6, MOV R6, MOV R7, MOV R7,
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
@RW2+ @PC+d16
MOV R0, MOV R0, MOV R1, MOV R1, MOV R2, MOV R2, MOV R3, MOV R3, MOV R4, MOV R4, MOV R5, MOV R5, MOV R6, MOV R6, MOV R7, MOV R7,
@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16
@RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16 @RW3+
addr16
@RW3+
addr16
+8
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
F0
+7
E0
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R6 @RW6+d8
R1, R6 @RW6+d8
R2, R6 @RW6+d8
R3, R6 @RW6+d8
R4, R6 @RW6+d8
R5, R6 @RW6+d8
R6, R6 @RW6+d8
R7, R6 @RW6+d8
D0
+6
C0
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R5 @RW5+d8
R1, R5 @RW5+d8
R2, R5 @RW5+d8
R3, R5 @RW5+d8
R4, R5 @RW5+d8
R5, R5 @RW5+d8
R6, R5 @RW5+d8
R7, R5 @RW5+d8
B0
+5
A0
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R4 @RW4+d8
R1, R4 @RW4+d8
R2, R4 @RW4+d8
R3, R4 @RW4+d8
R4, R4 @RW4+d8
R5, R4 @RW4+d8
R6, R4 @RW4+d8
R7, R4 @RW4+d8
90
+4
80
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R3 @RW3+d8
R1, R3 @RW3+d8
R2, R3 @RW3+d8
R3, R3 @RW3+d8
R4, R3 @RW3+d8
R5, R3 @RW3+d8
R6, R3 @RW3+d8
R7, R3 @RW3+d8
70
+3
60
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R2 @RW2+d8
R1, R2 @RW2+d8
R2, R2 @RW2+d8
R3, R2 @RW2+d8
R4, R2 @RW2+d8
R5, R2 @RW2+d8
R6, R2 @RW2+d8
R7, R2 @RW2+d8
50
+2
40
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R1 @RW1+d8
R1, R1 @RW1+d8
R2, R1 @RW1+d8
R3, R1 @RW1+d8
R4, R1 @RW1+d8
R5, R1 @RW1+d8
R6, R1 @RW1+d8
R7, R1 @RW1+d8
30
+1
20
MOV
MOV R0, MOV
MOV R1, MOV
MOV R2, MOV
MOV R3, MOV
MOV R4, MOV
MOV R5, MOV
MOV R6, MOV
MOV R7,
R0, R0 @RW0+d8
R1, R0 @RW0+d8
R2, R0 @RW0+d8
R3, R0 @RW0+d8
R4, R0 @RW0+d8
R5, R0 @RW0+d8
R6, R0 @RW0+d8
R7, R0 @RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-16 MOV Ri, ea Instruction (First Byte = 7AH)
625
626
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW0,@RW1 @RW1+d16 RW1,@RW1 @RW1+d16 RW2,@RW1 @RW1+d16 RW3,@RW1 @RW1+d16 RW4,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW0,@RW2 @RW2+d16 RW1,@RW2 @RW2+d16 RW2,@RW2 @RW2+d16 RW3,@RW2 @RW2+d16 RW4,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW0,@RW3 @RW3+d16 RW1,@RW3 @RW3+d16 RW2,@RW3 @RW3+d16 RW3,@RW3 @RW3+d16 RW4,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4, MOVW
MOVW RW5, MOVW
MOVW RW6, MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW0,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW1,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW2,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW3,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW4,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW5,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW6,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW7,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, @RW2+ @PC+d16
RW2, @RW2+ @PC+d16
RW3, @RW2+ @PC+d16
RW4, @RW2+ @PC+d16
MOVW
MOVW
RW1, @RW3+ RW1, addr16
MOVW
RW0, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, @RW2+ @PC+d16
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, @RW3+ RW0, addr16
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
MOVW
MOVW
RW2, @RW3+ RW2, addr16
MOVW
MOVW
RW3, @RW3+ RW3, addr16
MOVW
MOVW
RW5, @RW3+ RW5, addr16
MOVW
MOVW
RW5, @RW2+ @PC+d16
MOVW
MOVW
RW6, @RW3+ RW6, addr16
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, @RW2+ @PC+d16
MOVW
MOVW
RW7, @RW3+ RW7, addr16
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, @RW2+ @PC+d16
MOVW RW7,
@RW1+RW7
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7,@RW0 @RW0+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW7 @RW7+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW6 @RW6+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW5 @RW5+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW4 @RW4+d8
MOVW RW6, MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW7, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6,@RW3 @RW3+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6,@RW0 @RW0+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW7 @RW7+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW6 @RW6+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW5 @RW5+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW4 @RW4+d8
MOVW
MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW6, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW6 @RW6+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW5 @RW5+d8
MOVW RW4, MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW5, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW
RW4, @RW3+ RW4, addr16
MOVW RW3, MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW4, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5,@RW2 @RW2+d16
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW0,@RW0 @RW0+d16 RW1,@RW0 @RW0+d16 RW2,@RW0 @RW0+d16 RW3,@RW0 @RW0+d16 RW4,@RW0 @RW0+d16
+8
MOVW RW2, MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW3, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5,@RW1 @RW1+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW2, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW3, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW4, RW7 @RW7+d8
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW7 @RW7+d8
+7
MOVW RW1, MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW2, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5,@RW0 @RW0+d16
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW2, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW3, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW4, RW6 @RW6+d8
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW6 @RW6+d8
+6
MOVW
MOVW
@RW1+RW7 RW1, @RW1+
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW7 @RW7+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW2, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW3, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW4, RW5 @RW5+d8
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW5 @RW5+d8
+5
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW4 @RW4+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW3 @RW3+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW2 @RW2+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW1 @RW1+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW2, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW3, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4, RW4 @RW4+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW3 @RW3+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW2 @RW2+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW1 @RW1+d8
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW4 @RW4+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW3 @RW3+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW2 @RW2+d8
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW1 @RW1+d8
+4
F0
MOVW
MOVW RW7,
RW7, RW0 @RW0+d8
E0
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW2, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW4, RW3 @RW3+d8
D0
MOVW
MOVW RW6,
RW6, RW0 @RW0+d8
C0
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW3 @RW3+d8
B0
MOVW
MOVW RW5,
RW5, RW0 @RW0+d8
A0
+3
90
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW3, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW4, RW2 @RW2+d8
80
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW2 @RW2+d8
70
+2
60
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW2, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW3, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW4, RW1 @RW1+d8
50
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW1 @RW1+d8
40
+1
30
MOVW
MOVW RW1, MOVW
MOVW RW2, MOVW
MOVW RW3, MOVW
MOVW RW4,
RW1, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW2, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW3, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW4, RW0 @RW0+d8
20
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW0 @RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-17 MOVW RWi, ea Instruction (First Byte = 7BH)
+F
+E
+D
+C
+B
+A
+9
+8
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R1 addr16, R1
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R0 addr16, R0
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW2+, R1 @PC+d16, R1
@RW2+, R0 @PC+d16, R0
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW0+, R1 @RW0+RW7, R1
MOV
@RW3, R1 @RW3+d16, R1
MOV
@RW2, R1 @RW2+d16, R1
MOV
@RW1, R1 @RW1+d16, R1
MOV
@RW1+, R1 @RW1+RW7, R1
MOV
MOV
@RW0, R1 @RW0+d16, R1
MOV
@RW1+, R0 @RW1+RW7, R0
MOV
@RW0+, R0 @RW0+RW7, R0
MOV
@RW3, R0 @RW3+d16, R0
MOV
@RW2, R0 @RW2+d16, R0
MOV
@RW1, R0 @RW1+d16, R0
MOV
@RW0, R0 @RW0+d16, R0
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R2 addr16, R2
MOV
@RW2+, R2 @PC+d16, R2
MOV
@RW1+, R2 @RW1+RW7, R2
MOV
@RW0+, R2 @RW0+RW7, R2
MOV
@RW3, R2 @RW3+d16, R2
MOV
@RW2, R2 @RW2+d16, R2
MOV
@RW1, R2 @RW1+d16, R2
MOV
@RW0, R2 @RW0+d16, R2
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R3 addr16, R3
MOV
@RW2+, R3 @PC+d16, R3
MOV
@RW1+, R3 @RW1+RW7, R3
MOV
@RW0+, R3 @RW0+RW7, R3
MOV
@RW3, R3 @RW3+d16, R3
MOV
@RW2, R3 @RW2+d16, R3
MOV
@RW1, R3 @RW1+d16, R3
MOV
@RW0, R3 @RW0+d16, R3
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R4 addr16, R4
MOV
@RW2+, R4 @PC+d16, R4
MOV
@RW1+, R4 @RW1+RW7, R4
MOV
@RW0+, R4 @RW0+RW7, R4
MOV
@RW3, R4 @RW3+d16, R4
MOV
@RW2, R4 @RW2+d16, R4
MOV
@RW1, R4 @RW1+d16, R4
MOV
@RW0, R4 @RW0+d16, R4
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R5 addr16, R5
MOV
@RW2+, R5 @PC+d16, R5
MOV
@RW1+, R5 @RW1+RW7, R5
MOV
@RW0+, R5 @RW0+RW7, R5
MOV
@RW3, R5 @RW3+d16, R5
MOV
@RW2, R5 @RW2+d16, R5
MOV
@RW1, R5 @RW1+d16, R5
MOV
@RW0, R5 @RW0+d16, R5
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R6 addr16, R6
MOV
@RW2+, R6 @PC+d16, R6
MOV
@RW1+, R6 @RW1+RW7, R6
MOV
@RW0+, R6 @RW0+RW7, R6
MOV
@RW3, R6 @RW3+d16, R6
MOV
@RW2, R6 @RW2+d16, R6
MOV
@RW1, R6 @RW1+d16, R6
MOV
@RW0, R6 @RW0+d16,
R6
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
@RW3+, R7 addr16, R7
MOV
@RW2+, R7 @PC+d16, R7
MOV
@RW1+, R7 @RW1+RW7, R7
MOV
@RW0+, R7 @RW0+RW7, R7
MOV
@RW3, R7 @RW3+d16, R7
MOV
@RW2, R7 @RW2+d16, R7
MOV
@RW1, R7 @RW1+d16, R7
MOV
@RW0, R7 @RW0+d16, R7
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R7, R0 @RW7+d8, R0
R7, R1 @RW7+d8, R1
R7, R2 @RW7+d8, R2
R7, R3 @RW7+d8, R3
R7, R4 @RW7+d8, R4
R7, R5 @RW7+d8, R5
R7, R6 @RW7+d8, R6
R7, R7 @RW7+d8, R7
F0
+7
E0
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R6, R0 @RW6+d8, R0
R6, R1 @RW6+d8, R1
R6, R2 @RW6+d8, R2
R6, R3 @RW6+d8, R3
R6, R4 @RW6+d8, R4
R6, R5 @RW6+d8, R5
R6, R6 @RW6+d8, R6
R6, R7 @RW6+d8, R7
D0
+6
C0
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R5, R0 @RW5+d8, R0
R5, R1 @RW5+d8, R1
R5, R2 @RW5+d8, R2
R5, R3 @RW5+d8, R3
R5, R4 @RW5+d8, R4
R5, R5 @RW5+d8, R5
R5, R6 @RW5+d8, R6
R5, R7 @RW5+d8, R7
B0
+5
A0
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R4, R0 @RW4+d8, R0
R4, R1 @RW4+d8, R1
R4, R2 @RW4+d8, R2
R4, R3 @RW4+d8, R3
R4, R4 @RW4+d8, R4
R4, R5 @RW4+d8, R5
R4, R6 @RW4+d8, R6
R4, R7 @RW4+d8, R7
90
+4
80
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R3, R0 @RW3+d8, R0
R3, R1 @RW3+d8, R1
R3, R2 @RW3+d8, R2
R3, R3 @RW3+d8, R3
R3, R4 @RW3+d8, R4
R3, R5 @RW3+d8, R5
R3, R6 @RW3+d8, R6
R3, R7 @RW3+d8, R7
70
+3
60
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R2, R0 @RW2+d8, R0
R2, R1 @RW2+d8, R1
R2, R2 @RW2+d8, R2
R2, R3 @RW2+d8, R3
R2, R4 @RW2+d8, R4
R2, R5 @RW2+d8, R5
R2, R6 @RW2+d8, R6
R2, R7 @RW2+d8, R7
50
+2
40
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R1, R0 @RW1+d8, R0
R1, R1 @RW1+d8, R1
R1, R2 @RW1+d8, R2
R1, R3 @RW1+d8, R3
R1, R4 @RW1+d8, R4
R1, R5 @RW1+d8, R5
R1, R6 @RW1+d8, R6
R1, R7 @RW1+d8, R7
30
+1
20
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
R0, R0 @RW0+d8, R0
R0, R1 @RW0+d8, R1
R0, R2 @RW0+d8, R2
R0, R3 @RW0+d8, R3
R0, R4 @RW0+d8, R4
R0, R5 @RW0+d8, R5
R0, R6 @RW0+d8, R6
R0, R7 @RW0+d8, R7
10
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-18 MOV ea, Ri Instruction (First Byte = 7CH)
627
628
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW1 +d16, RW1
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW1 +d16, RW1
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+, RW1 +RW7,RW1
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW1 +RW7,RW1
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW1 +d16, RW1
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW1 addr16, RW1
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW0 +d16, RW0
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW0 +d16, RW0
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW0 +RW7,RW0
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW0 +RW7,RW0
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW0 +d16, RW0
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW0 addr16, RW0
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW2 addr16, RW2
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW2 +d16, RW2
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW2 +RW7,RW2
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW2 +RW7,RW2
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW2 +d16, RW2
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW2 +d16, RW2
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW3 addr16, RW3
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW3 +d16, RW3
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW3 -+RW7,RW3
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW3 +RW7,RW3
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW3 +d16, RW3
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW3 +d16, RW3
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW3 +d16, RW3
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW4 addr16, RW4
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW4 +d16, RW4
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW4 +RW7,RW4
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW4 +RW7,RW4
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW4 +d16, RW4
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW4 +d16, RW4
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW4 +d16, RW4
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW5 addr16, RW5
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW5 +d16, RW5
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW5 +RW7,RW5
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW5 +RW7,RW5
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW5 +d16, RW5
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW5 +d16, RW5
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW5 +d16, RW5
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW6 addr16, RW6
MOVW
MOVW @PC
@RW2+,RW6 +d16, RW6
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW6 +RW7,RW6
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW6 +RW7,RW6
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW6 +d16, RW6
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW6 +d16, RW6
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW6 +d16, RW6
MOVW
MOVW
@RW3+,RW7 addr16, RW7
MOVW
MOVW@PC
@RW2+,RW7 +d16, RW7
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1+,RW7 +RW7,RW7
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0+,RW7 +RW7,RW7
MOVW
MOVW@RW3
@RW3, RW7 +d16, RW7
MOVW
MOVW@RW2
@RW2, RW7 +d16, RW7
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW7 +d16, RW7
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW7 +d16, RW7
+A
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW2 +d16, RW2
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW6 +d16, RW6
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW1 +d16, RW1
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW5 +d16, RW5
MOVW
MOVW@RW1
@RW1, RW0 +d16, RW0
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW4 +d16, RW4
+9
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW3 +d16, RW3
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW1 +d16, RW1
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW0 +d16, RW0
+8
MOVW
MOVW@RW0
@RW0, RW2 +d16, RW2
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW7, RW0 @RW7+d8, RW0
RW7, RW1 @RW7+d8, RW1 RW7, RW2 @RW7+d8, RW2 RW7, RW3 @RW7+d8, RW3 RW7, RW4 @RW7+d8, RW4 RW7, RW5 @RW7+d8, RW5 RW7, RW6 @RW7+d8, RW6 RW7, RW7 @RW7+d8, RW7
F0
+7
E0
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW6, RW0 @RW6+d8, RW0
RW6, RW1 @RW6+d8, RW1 RW6, RW2 @RW6+d8, RW2 RW6, RW3 @RW6+d8, RW3 RW6, RW4 @RW6+d8, RW4 RW6, RW5 @RW6+d8, RW5 RW6, RW6 @RW6+d8, RW6 RW6, RW7 @RW6+d8, RW7
D0
+6
C0
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW5, RW0 @RW5+d8, RW0
RW5, RW1 @RW5+d8, RW1 RW5, RW2 @RW5+d8, RW2 RW5, RW3 @RW5+d8, RW3 RW5, RW4 @RW5+d8, RW4 RW5, RW5 @RW5+d8, RW5 RW5, RW6 @RW5+d8, RW6 RW5, RW7 @RW5+d8, RW7
B0
+5
A0
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW4, RW0 @RW4+d8, RW0
RW4, RW1 @RW4+d8, RW1 RW4, RW2 @RW4+d8, RW2 RW4, RW3 @RW4+d8, RW3 RW4, RW4 @RW4+d8, RW4 RW4, RW5 @RW4+d8, RW5 RW4, RW6 @RW4+d8, RW6 RW4, RW7 @RW4+d8, RW7
90
+4
80
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW3, RW0 @RW3+d8, RW0
RW3, RW1 @RW3+d8, RW1 RW3, RW2 @RW3+d8, RW2 RW3, RW3 @RW3+d8, RW3 RW3, RW4 @RW3+d8, RW4 RW3, RW5 @RW3+d8, RW5 RW3, RW6 @RW3+d8, RW6 RW3, RW7 @RW3+d8, RW7
70
+3
60
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW2, RW0 @RW2+d8, RW0
RW2, RW1 @RW2+d8, RW1 RW2, RW2 @RW2+d8, RW2 RW2, RW3 @RW2+d8, RW3 RW2, RW4 @RW2+d8, RW4 RW2, RW5 @RW2+d8, RW5 RW2, RW6 @RW2+d8, RW6 RW2, RW7 @RW2+d8, RW7
50
+2
40
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW1, RW0 @RW1+d8, RW0
RW1, RW1 @RW1+d8, RW1 RW1, RW2 @RW1+d8, RW2 RW1, RW3 @RW1+d8, RW3 RW1, RW4 @RW1+d8, RW4 RW1, RW5 @RW1+d8, RW5 RW1, RW6 @RW1+d8, RW6 RW1, RW7 @RW1+d8, RW7
30
+1
20
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
MOVW
RW0, RW0 @RW0+d8, RW0
RW0, RW1 @RW0+d8, RW1 RW0, RW2 @RW0+d8, RW2 RW0, RW3 @RW0+d8, RW3 RW0, RW4 @RW0+d8, RW4 RW0, RW5 @RW0+d8, RW5 RW0, RW6 @RW0+d8, RW6 RW0, RW7 @RW0+d8, RW7
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-19 MOVW ea, Rwi Instruction (First Byte = 7DH)
XCH
XCH
XCH
XCH
R1,
XCH
XCH R1,
R1,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
R2,
XCH
XCH R2,
R2,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
R3,
XCH
XCH R3,
R3,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
R4,
XCH
XCH R4,
R4,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
R5,
XCH
XCH R5,
R5,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
R6,
XCH
XCH R6,
R6,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
R7,
XCH
XCH R7,
R7,@RW2 W2+d16, A
XCH
XCH
XCH
XCH
XCH
R1, XCH
XCH
R2, XCH
XCH
R3, XCH
XCH
R4, XCH
XCH
R5, XCH
XCH
R6, XCH
XCH
R7,
+F R0,@RW3+ R0, addr16
XCH
XCH
R1,@RW3+ R1, addr16
XCH
XCH
R2,@RW3+ R2, addr16
XCH
XCH
R3,@RW3+ R3, addr16
XCH
XCH
R4,@RW3+ R4, addr16
XCH
XCH
R5,@RW3+ R5, addr16
XCH
XCH
R6,@RW3+ R6, addr16
XCH
XCH
R7,@RW3+ R7, addr16
+E R0,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R1,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R2,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R3,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R4,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R5,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R6,@RW2+ @PC+d16 R7,@RW2+ @PC+d16
R0, XCH
XCH R0,
XCH
XCH R1,
XCH
XCH R2,
XCH
XCH R3,
XCH
XCH R4,
XCH
XCH R5,
XCH
XCH R6,
XCH
XCH R7,
@RW1+RW7 R1,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 R2,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 R3,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 R4,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 R5,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 R6,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 R7,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
+D R0,@RW1+
XCH
XCH R0,
XCH
XCH R1,
XCH
XCH R2,
XCH
XCH R3,
XCH
XCH R4,
XCH
XCH R5,
XCH
XCH R6,
XCH
XCH R7,
@RW0+RW7 R1,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 R2,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 R3,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 R4,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 R5,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 R6,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 R7,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
XCH
+C R0,@RW0+
+B R0,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R1,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R2,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R3,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R4,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R5,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R6,@RW3 @RW3+d16 R7,@RW3 @RW3+d16
R0,
+A R0,@RW2 W2+d16, A
R0,
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R1,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R2,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R3,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R4,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R5,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R6,@RW1 @RW1+d16 R7,@RW1 @RW1+d16
+9
XCH
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R1,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R2,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R3,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R4,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R5,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R6,@RW0 @RW0+d16 R7,@RW0 @RW0+d16
+8
XCH
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R7 @RW7+d8
R1, R7 @RW7+d8
R2, R7 @RW7+d8
R3, R7 @RW7+d8
R4, R7 @RW7+d8
R5, R7 @RW7+d8
R6, R7 @RW7+d8
R7, R7 @RW7+d8
F0
+7
E0
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R6 @RW6+d8
R1, R6 @RW6+d8
R2, R6 @RW6+d8
R3, R6 @RW6+d8
R4, R6 @RW6+d8
R5, R6 @RW6+d8
R6, R6 @RW6+d8
R7, R6 @RW6+d8
D0
+6
C0
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R5 @RW5+d8
R1, R5 @RW5+d8
R2, R5 @RW5+d8
R3, R5 @RW5+d8
R4, R5 @RW5+d8
R5, R5 @RW5+d8
R6, R5 @RW5+d8
R7, R5 @RW5+d8
B0
+5
A
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R4 @RW4+d8
R1, R4 @RW4+d8
R2, R4 @RW4+d8
R3, R4 @RW4+d8
R4, R4 @RW4+d8
R5, R4 @RW4+d8
R6, R4 @RW4+d8
R7, R4 @RW4+d8
90
+4
80
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R3 @RW3+d8
R1, R3 @RW3+d8
R2, R3 @RW3+d8
R3, R3 @RW3+d8
R4, R3 @RW3+d8
R5, R3 @RW3+d8
R6, R3 @RW3+d8
R7, R3 @RW3+d8
70
+3
60
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R2 @RW2+d8
R1, R2 @RW2+d8
R2, R2 @RW2+d8
R3, R2 @RW2+d8
R4, R2 @RW2+d8
R5, R2 @RW2+d8
R6, R2 @RW2+d8
R7, R2 @RW2+d8
50
+2
40
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R1 @RW1+d8
R1, R1 @RW1+d8
R2, R1 @RW1+d8
R3, R1 @RW1+d8
R4, R1 @RW1+d8
R5, R1 @RW1+d8
R6, R1 @RW1+d8
R7, R1 @RW1+d8
30
+1
20
XCH
XCH R0, XCH
XCH R1, XCH
XCH R2, XCH
XCH R3, XCH
XCH R4, XCH
XCH R5, XCH
XCH R6, XCH
XCH R7,
R0, R0 @RW0+d8
R1, R0 @RW0+d8
R2, R0 @RW0+d8
R3, R0 @RW0+d8
R4, R0 @RW0+d8
R5, R0 @RW0+d8
R6, R0 @RW0+d8
R7, R0 @RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX D Instructions
Table D.9-20 XCH Ri, ea Instruction (First Byte = 7EH)
629
630
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW1,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW2,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW3,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW4,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW5,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW6,@RW2+ @PC+d16
RW7,@RW2+ @PC+d16
XCHW
XCHW
RW0,@RW3+ RW0, addr16
+E
+F
XCHW
XCHW
RW7,@RW3+ RW7, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW1,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW2,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW3,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW4,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW5,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW6,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7 RW7,@RW1+ @RW1+RW7
+D
XCHW
XCHW
RW6,@RW3+ RW6, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW1,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW2,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW3,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW4,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW5,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW6,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7 RW7,@RW0+ @RW0+RW7
+C
XCHW
XCHW
RW5,@RW3+ RW5, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW1,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW2,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW3,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW4,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW5,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW6,@RW3 @RW3+d16
RW7,@RW3 @RW3+d16
+B
XCHW
XCHW
RW4,@RW3+ RW4, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW1,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW2,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW3,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW4,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW5,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW6,@RW2 @RW2+d16
RW7,@RW2 @RW2+d16
+A
XCHW
XCHW
RW3,@RW3+ RW3, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW1,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW2,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW3,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW4,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW5,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW6,@RW1 @RW1+d16
RW7,@RW1 @RW1+d16
+9
XCHW
XCHW
RW2,@RW3+ RW2, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW1,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW2,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW3,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW4,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW5,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW6,@RW0 @RW0+d16
RW7,@RW0 @RW0+d16
+8
XCHW
XCHW
RW1,@RW3+ RW1, addr16
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW1, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW2, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW3, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW4, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW5, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW6, RW7 @RW7+d8
RW7, RW7 @RW7+d8
F0
+7
E0
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW1, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW2, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW3, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW4, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW5, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW6, RW6 @RW6+d8
RW7, RW6 @RW6+d8
D0
+6
C0
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW1, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW2, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW3, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW4, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW5, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW6, RW5 @RW5+d8
RW7, RW5 @RW5+d8
B0
+5
A0
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW1, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW2, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW3, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW4, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW5, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW6, RW4 @RW4+d8
RW7, RW4 @RW4+d8
90
+4
80
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW1, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW2, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW3, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW4, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW5, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW6, RW3 @RW3+d8
RW7, RW3 @RW3+d8
70
+3
60
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW1, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW2, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW3, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW4, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW5, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW6, RW2 @RW2+d8
RW7, RW2 @RW2+d8
50
+2
40
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW1, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW2, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW3, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW4, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW5, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW6, RW1 @RW1+d8
RW7, RW1 @RW1+d8
30
+1
20
XCHW
XCHW RW0, XCHW
XCHW RW1, XCHW
XCHW RW2, XCHW
XCHW RW3, XCHW
XCHW RW4, XCHW
XCHW RW5, XCHW
XCHW RW6, XCHW
XCHW RW7,
RW0, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW1, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW2, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW3, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW4, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW5, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW6, RW0 @RW0+d8
RW7, RW0 @RW0+d8
10
+0
00
APPENDIX
Table D.9-21 XCHW RWi, ea Instruction (First Byte = 7FH)
INDEX
INDEX
The index follows on the next page.
This is listed in alphabetic order.
631
INDEX
Index
Numerics
1.5M Bit Flash Memory
Features of the 1.5M Bit Flash Memory.............. 462
16-bit Input/Output Timer
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output
Timer ................................................. 198
Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output
Timer ................................................. 194
Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Register .............................................. 199
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer................ 211
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer, DMA
Transfer, and EI2OS ............................ 212
Operation and Timing of 16-bit Input/Output
Timer ................................................. 213
Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output Timer............ 197
16-bit Input/Output Timer Register
Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Register .............................................. 199
16-bit Reload Register
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)....................... 280
16-bit Timer Register (TMR)/
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR).......... 279
16-bit Reload Timer
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
16-bit Reload Timer ............................ 273
Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer ......... 272
Configuration of 16-bit Reload Timer
Registers ............................................ 274
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer ........................ 281
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 281
Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload
Timer ................................................. 270
Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer .................... 272
Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer........... 292
Settings of the 16-bit Reload Timer.................... 282
16-bit Reload Timer Register
Configuration of 16-bit Reload Timer
Registers ............................................ 274
16-bit Timer Register
16-bit Timer Register (TMR)............................. 279
16-bit Timer Register (TMR)/
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR).......... 279
8/10-bit A/D Converter
Block Diagram of 8/10-bit A/D Converter .......... 343
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 344
Features of the 8/10-bit A/D Converter............... 342
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter.................... 353
632
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer,
and EI2OS .......................................... 353
List of Registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter ....... 345
Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D Converter ............... 344
Program Example of 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 367
8/16-bit PPG
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
8/16-bit PPG Timer ............................. 303
Block Diagram of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer.......... 301
Function of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........................ 300
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........................ 313
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 314
Interrupts of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer.................. 319
List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers ................. 304
Outline of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Operation ........... 315
Pin Related to 8/16-bit PPG Timer..................... 302
Program Example of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........... 321
8/16-bit PPG Timer Register
List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers ................. 304
8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Block Diagram of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 237
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 239
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 251
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS................... 252
List of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Registers ............................................ 240
Major Functions of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 236
Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 238
Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 261
8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer Register
List of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Registers ............................................ 240
INDEX
A
A
Accumulator (A)................................................ 27
A/D Converter
Block Diagram of 8/10-bit A/D Converter .......... 343
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 344
Features of the 8/10-bit A/D Converter .............. 342
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter ................... 353
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer,
and EI2OS .......................................... 353
Interrupt of A/D Converter................................ 353
List of Registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter ....... 345
Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D Converter ............... 344
Program Example of 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 367
Access
Access to Data of Multi-byte Length.................... 24
Accessing Low-Power Consumption Mode Control
Register.............................................. 127
Correspondence Between Access Areas and Physical
Address.............................................. 149
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
Overview of Memory Access Mode................... 146
Accumulator
Accumulator (A)................................................ 27
Acknowledge
Acknowledge................................................... 555
ADB
Bank Select Prefix (PCB, DTB, ADB, SPB) ......... 36
ADCR
Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1)................ 352
ADCS
Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1).................... 346
Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2).................... 349
Address Generation
Address Generation Type.................................... 21
Address Match Detection Function
Block Diagram of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 443
List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match
Detection Function .............................. 444
Operation of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 449
Operation of Address Match Detection Function at
Storing Patch Program in E2PROM ...... 453
Overview of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 442
Program Example for Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 455
Address Register
Address Register (IADR).................................. 550
Addressing
Addressing...............................................554, 572
Addressing Type by Bank ...................................22
Direct Addressing .............................................574
Indirect Addressing...........................................580
ADER
Analog Input Enable Register (ADER) ...............157
Allocation
Allocation for Data of Multi-byte Length in Memory
Space....................................................24
Analog Input Enable Register
Analog Input Enable Register (ADER) ...............157
Arbitrary Data
Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory
(Sector Erase)......................................484
Arbitration
Arbitration .......................................................554
Asynchronous Mode
Operation in Asynchronous Mode
(Operation Modes 0 and 1) ...................420
Automatic Algorithm
End Timing of the Automatic Algorithm.............468
B
Bank Select Prefix
Bank Select Prefix (PCB, DTB, ADB, SPB) .........36
BAP
Buffer Address Pointer (BAP) .......................70, 80
Basic Configuration
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming
Connection with MB90F983.................490
Block Diagram
Block Diagram .................................................195
Block Diagram of 8/10-bit A/D Converter...........343
Block Diagram of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer.....................................237
Block Diagram of Address Match Detection
Function .............................................443
Block Diagram of Block Generator ....................106
Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................89
Block Diagram of DTP/External Interrupt...........326
Block Diagram of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................375
Block Diagram of External-reset Pin ....................96
Block Diagram of Free-run Timer ......................196
Block Diagram of Input Capture ........................197
Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control
Circuit ................................................123
Block Diagram of MB90980 Series ........................5
Block Diagram of Output Compare ............196, 206
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output
Timer .................................................198
633
INDEX
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
16-bit Reload Timer ............................ 273
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 344
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
8/16-bit PPG Timer ............................. 303
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 239
Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 327
Block Diagram of Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface ............................................. 376
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
I2C Interface ....................................... 536
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
PWC Timer ........................................ 500
Block Diagram of Pin Related to UART ............. 400
Block Diagram of PWC Timer .......................... 499
Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer ......... 272
Block Diagram of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer .......... 301
Block Diagram of the I2C Interface .................... 535
Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module............................................... 458
Block Diagram of Time-base Timer ................... 162
Block Diagram of Watch Timer......................... 187
Block Diagram of Watchdog Timer ................... 178
UART Block Diagram ...................................... 399
Buffer Address Pointer
Buffer Address Pointer (BAP) ....................... 70, 80
Bus Control Register
Bus Control Register (IBCR)............................. 541
Notes on Using the Bus Control Register
(IBCR) ............................................... 547
Bus Error
Bus Error......................................................... 555
Bus Mode
Bus Modes....................................................... 146
Bus Mode Setting Bits
Bus Mode Setting Bits (M1, M0) ....................... 148
Bus Status Register
Bus Status Register (IBSR) ............................... 539
C
Calculating
Calculating the Execution Cycle Count .............. 589
Calculation
Pulse Width/Interval Calculation Method ........... 528
Canceling
Canceling the Sleep Mode................................. 131
Canceling the Stop Mode .................................. 136
Canceling the Time-base Timer Mode................ 132
Canceling the Watch Mode ............................... 134
Cancellation
Cancellation of Standby Mode by Interrupt......... 141
634
Capture
Block Diagram of Input Capture........................ 197
Capture Timing to Input Signal ......................... 221
Example of Input Capture Timing ..................... 218
Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1) ...... 209
List of Input Capture Registers .......................... 209
Program Example of Input Capture.................... 232
Caution
Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection
Function............................................. 364
Cautions about Reset-Factor Bits....................... 100
CCR
Condition Code Register (CCR) .......................... 29
CCRH
Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper
(CCRH0) ........................................... 241
Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper
(CCRH1) ........................................... 243
CCRL
Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower
(CCRL0/CCRL1)................................ 245
CDCR
Communication Prescaler Control Register
(CDCR) ............................................. 411
Change
Change of Clock Mode..................................... 113
Change Timing of Output Pin ........................... 220
Change to Sleep Mode...................................... 130
Change to Standby Mode and Interrupts............. 141
Change to Stop Mode ....................................... 136
Change to Time-base Timer Mode..................... 132
Change to Watch Mode .................................... 134
Flag Change Suppress Prefix (NCC).................... 37
Chip
Chip/Sector Erase Operation ............................. 474
Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory
(Chip Erase) ....................................... 483
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When
Using the User Power Supply).............. 493
Pin State in Single Chip Mode........................... 140
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operation .................... 477
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operations................... 476
CKSCR
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR) ........................................... 108
Clear
Clear Timing of Free-run Timer
(Match with Compare Register 0) ......... 219
Clearing the Counter ........................................ 259
Clearing the Timer ........................................... 521
Compare Clear Register (CPCLR) ..................... 201
Count Clear/Gate Function ............................... 259
CLK Synchronous Mode
Operation in CLK Synchronous Mode
(Operation Mode 2)............................. 423
INDEX
Clock
Change of Clock Mode ..................................... 113
Clock Control Register (ICCR) ......................... 548
Clock Modes ................................................... 121
Clock Source for Watchdog Timer Specifying
Function............................................. 191
Clock Supply Map ........................................... 105
Clock Supplying Function......................... 161, 168
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR) ........................................... 108
Connection of Oscillator and
External Clock .................................... 118
Count Clock and Maximum Interval .................. 522
Count Clock Selection ...................................... 516
Event Count Mode (External Clock Mode) ......... 270
External Shift Clock Mode................................ 388
Internal Clock Mode......................................... 270
Internal Shift Clock Mode................................. 388
Machine Clock ................................................ 114
Main Clock Mode, PLL Clock Mode, and Sub Clock
Mode ................................................. 113
Operation of Internal Clock Mode
(One-Shot Mode) ................................ 287
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode).................................... 284
Oscillation Clock Frequency and Serial Clock Input
Frequency .......................................... 492
Precaution on Using Sub Clock Mode ................ 468
Selection of Count Clock .................................. 317
Selection of PLL Clock Multiplication
Rate ................................................... 114
Setting Sub Clock Mode ................................... 469
Sub Clock Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Function............................................. 191
Switching the Clock Mode ................................ 142
UART Clock Selection ..................................... 416
Clock Control Register
Clock Control Register (ICCR) ......................... 548
Clock Frequency
Oscillation Clock Frequency and Serial Clock Input
Frequency .......................................... 492
Clock Mode
Change of Clock Mode ..................................... 113
Clock Modes ................................................... 121
Event Count Mode (External Clock Mode) ......... 270
External Shift Clock Mode................................ 388
Internal Clock Mode......................................... 270
Internal Shift Clock Mode................................. 388
Main Clock Mode, PLL Clock Mode, and Sub Clock
Mode ................................................. 113
Operation of Internal Clock Mode
(One-Shot Mode) ................................ 287
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode).................................... 284
Precaution on Using Sub Clock Mode ................ 468
Setting Sub Clock Mode ................................... 469
Switching the Clock Mode ................................142
Clock Selection
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR) ............................................108
Count Clock Selection.......................................516
UART Clock Selection......................................416
Clock Selection Register
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR) ............................................108
Clock Supply Map
Clock Supply Map ............................................105
CMR
Common Register Bank Prefix (CMR) .................37
Command Sequence Table
Command Sequence Table ................................472
Common Register Bank Prefix
Common Register Bank Prefix (CMR) .................37
Communication
Communication Prescaler Control Register
(CDCR) ..............................................411
Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1
(SDCR0/SDCR1) ................................383
Communication Procedure for Two-Way
Communication Function .....................426
Communication Procedure of Master/Slave
Communication Function .....................429
Connection Between CPUs in Master/Slave
Communication ...................................428
Connection Between CPUs in Two-Way
Communication ...................................425
Register Settings in Master/Slave
Communication ...................................427
Register Settings in Two-Way
Communication ...................................425
Communication Prescaler Control Register
Communication Prescaler Control Register
(CDCR) ..............................................411
Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1
(SDCR0/SDCR1) ................................383
Compare
Block Diagram of Output Compare ............196, 206
Clear Timing of Free-run Timer
(Match with Compare Register 0)..........219
Compare Clear Register (CPCLR)......................201
Compare Function ............................................257
List of Output Compare Registers ......................205
Output Compare Control Register
(OCS01/OCS23)..................................207
Output Compare Register
(OCCP0 to OCCP3).............................206
Program Example of Output Compare ................226
Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1)
(RCR0/RCR1).....................................250
Selection of Reload and Compare
Functions ............................................256
635
INDEX
Compare Clear Register
Compare Clear Register (CPCLR) ..................... 201
Condition
Conditions for External Connection of Peripheral
Devices .............................................. 335
Condition Code Register
Condition Code Register (CCR)........................... 29
Configuration
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming
Connection with MB90F983 ................ 490
Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output
Timer ................................................. 194
Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Register .............................................. 199
Configuration of 16-bit Reload Timer
Registers ............................................ 274
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR)............................................ 108
Configuration of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD) ............. 76
Configuration of Hardware Interrupt .................... 50
Configuration of Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15).................................. 46
Configuration of PLL Output Selection Register
(PLLOS) ............................................ 111
Configuration of Watch Timer Control Register
(WTC) ............................................... 188
DMA Descriptor Configuration ........................... 66
Product Configuration........................................... 3
Sector Configuration......................................... 464
System Configuration and E2PROM Memory
Map ................................................... 450
System Configuration of Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (Yokogawa Digital Computer
Corporation) ....................................... 492
Confirmation
Confirmation of Operation State ........................ 520
Connection
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming
Connection with MB90F983 ................ 490
Conditions for External Connection of Peripheral
Devices .............................................. 335
Connection Between CPUs in Master/Slave
Communication................................... 428
Connection Between CPUs in Two-Way
Communication................................... 425
Connection of Oscillator and
External Clock .................................... 118
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When
Using the User Power Supply) .............. 493
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power
Supply) .............................................. 495
Continuous
Continuous Prefix Codes..................................... 38
Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous
Mode ................................................. 360
636
Control Status Register
Control Status Register (ICS01) ........................ 210
Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1) ................... 346
Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2) ................... 349
Conversion
Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection
Function............................................. 364
Conversion Data Protection Function................. 364
Conversion Operation Using μDMAC ............... 357
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used) ........ 365
Correspondence
Correspondence Between Access Areas and Physical
Address.............................................. 149
Correspondence Between Reset-Factor Bits and Reset
Factors ............................................... 100
Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS
Function............. 212, 252, 281, 314, 332,
354, 386, 414, 511, 553
Count Clear
Count Clear/Gate Function ............................... 259
Count Clock
Count Clock and Maximum Interval .................. 522
Count Clock Selection...................................... 516
Selection of Count Clock .................................. 317
Count Direction
Count Direction Flag, Count Direction Reversal
Flag ................................................... 260
Count Timing
Count Timing of Free-run Timer ....................... 219
Counter
Block Diagram of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 237
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 239
Clearing the Counter ........................................ 259
Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper
(CCRH0) ........................................... 241
Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower
(CCRL0/CCRL1)................................ 245
Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper
(CCRH1) ........................................... 243
Counter Operation Modes ................................. 271
Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) ......... 247
Data Counter (DCT)..................................... 68, 78
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 251
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS................... 252
Interrupt of PPG Counter Underflow ................. 313
List of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Registers ............................................ 240
Major Functions of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 236
Measurement Mode and Counter Operation........ 526
INDEX
Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 238
Program Counter (PC) ........................................ 32
Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 261
Timer Counter Control Status Register
(TCCS) .............................................. 202
Timer Counter Data Register (TCDT) ................ 201
Watch Counter................................................. 190
Counter Control Register
Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper
(CCRH0)............................................ 241
Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower
(CCRL0/CCRL1)................................ 245
Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper
(CCRH1)............................................ 243
Counter Operation
Counter Operation Modes ................................. 271
Measurement Mode and Counter Operation........ 526
Counter Status Register
Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) ......... 247
CPCLR
Compare Clear Register (CPCLR) ..................... 201
CPU
Connection Between CPUs in Master/Slave
Communication .................................. 428
Connection Between CPUs in Two-Way
Communication .................................. 425
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode ............. 121, 128
CPU Operation Mode and Current
Consumption ...................................... 120
Overview of CPU Specifications ......................... 20
CSR
Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) ......... 247
Current Consumption
CPU Operation Mode and Current
Consumption ...................................... 120
D
Data Counter
Data Counter (DCT)..................................... 68, 78
Data Polling Flag
State Transitions of the Data Polling Flag
(DQ7) ................................................ 474
Data Protection
Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection
Function............................................. 364
Conversion Data Protection Function ................. 364
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used) ........ 365
Data Register
Data Register (IDAR)....................................... 551
Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1)................ 352
DCT
Data Counter (DCT) .....................................68, 78
DDR
Port Direction Registers
(DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA) ......155
Dedicated Register
Dedicated Registers ............................................25
Delay
Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................89
List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................89
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch) ..............90
Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................90
Description
Description of Instruction Presentation Items and
Symbols..............................................592
Descriptor
Configuration of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD)..............76
DMA Descriptor Configuration............................66
Device
Conditions for External Connection of Peripheral
Devices...............................................335
Device Handing Precautions ................................16
Direct Addressing
Direct Addressing .............................................574
Direct Page Register
Direct Page Register (DPR)
<Initial Value: 01H> ..............................34
Divide Ratio Control Register
Divide Ratio Control Register
(DIVR0, DIVR1).................................509
DIVR
Divide Ratio Control Register
(DIVR0, DIVR1).................................509
DMA
Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS
Function ............ 212, 252, 281, 314, 332,
354, 386, 414, 511, 553
DMA Control Status Register (DMACS) ..............69
DMA Descriptor Configuration............................66
DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................332
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer, DMA
Transfer, and EI2OS.............................212
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................281
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer,
and EI2OS...........................................353
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................314
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ...................252
637
INDEX
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ................... 385
Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 553
Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 511
Interrupt of UART, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 414
DMA Control Status Register
DMA Control Status Register (DMACS) .............. 69
DMA Transfer
Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS
Function .............212, 252, 281, 314, 332,
354, 386, 414, 511, 553
DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 332
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer, DMA
Transfer, and EI2OS ............................ 212
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 281
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer,
and EI2OS .......................................... 353
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 314
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ................... 252
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ................... 385
Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 553
Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 511
Interrupt of UART, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 414
DMACS
DMA Control Status Register (DMACS) .............. 69
DPR
Direct Page Register (DPR)
<Initial Value: 01H> .............................. 34
DQ
State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag
(DQ3) ................................................ 478
State Transitions of the Data Polling Flag
(DQ7) ................................................ 474
State Transitions of the Timing Limit Excess Flag
(DQ5) ................................................ 477
State Transitions of the Toggle Bit Flag
(DQ6) ................................................ 476
DTB
Bank Select Prefix (PCB, DTB, ADB, SPB) ......... 36
DTP
DTP Operation................................................. 334
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register)................... 328
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register)................... 329
638
DTP/External Interrupt
Block Diagram of DTP/External Interrupt .......... 326
Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 327
DTP/External Interrupt ..................................... 331
DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 332
List of Registers for DTP/External Interrupt ....... 328
Overview of DTP/External Interrupt .................. 326
Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt................ 326
Procedure for DTP/External Interrupt
Operation ........................................... 335
Program Example of DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 337
E
E2PROM
E2PROM Memory Map.................................... 451
Operation of Address Match Detection Function at
Storing Patch Program in E2PROM ...... 453
System Configuration and E2PROM Memory
Map ................................................... 450
Effective Address Field
Effective Address Field ............................ 573, 591
EI2OS
Configuration of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD) ............. 76
Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS
Function............. 212, 252, 281, 314, 332,
354, 386, 414, 511, 553
DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 332
2
EI OS Status Register (ISCS).............................. 79
Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) ............. 74
Flowchart of Operation of EI2OS ........................ 81
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer,
and EI2OS .......................................... 353
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS................... 252
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS................... 385
Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 553
Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 511
Interrupt of UART, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 414
Operation of EI2OS............................................ 75
Procedure for Use of EI2OS ................................ 82
Processing Time (One Transfer Time) of the Extended
Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)............... 83
EI2OS Status Register
EI2OS Status Register (ISCS).............................. 79
EIRR
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register) .................. 329
INDEX
ELVR
Request Level Setting Register (ELVR: External
Level Register) ................................... 329
End
End Timing of the Automatic Algorithm ............ 468
ENIR
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register) .................. 328
Erase
Chip/Sector Erase Operation ............................. 474
Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory
(Chip Erase) ....................................... 483
Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory
(Sector Erase) ..................................... 484
Flash Memory Write/Erase ............................... 479
Methods for Writing/Erasing Flash
Memory ............................................. 462
Sector Erase Operation ..................................... 478
Sector Erase Suspend ....................... 475, 476, 478
State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag
(DQ3) ................................................ 478
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operation .................... 477
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operations................... 476
Error
Bus Error ........................................................ 555
Event Count Mode
Event Count Mode ........................................... 290
Event Count Mode (External Clock Mode) ......... 270
Example
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When
Using the User Power Supply).............. 493
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power
Supply) .............................................. 495
Example of Input Capture Timing...................... 218
Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous
Mode ................................................. 360
Example of μDMAC Start in Single Mode ......... 358
Example of μDMAC Start in Stop Mode ............ 362
Example of Multiple Interrupts............................ 58
Examples of Output Waveform ......................... 216
Program Example for Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 455
Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer .......... 292
Program Example of 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 367
Program Example of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........... 321
Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 261
Program Example of DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 337
Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 394
Program Example of Free-run Timer.................. 222
Program Example of Input Capture.................... 232
Program Example of Output Compare ................226
Program Example of UART ..............................432
Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
(an Example Showing Recommended
Relationship).......................................149
Setting Method Other than Program Example
............................. 223, 227, 233, 262, 293,
322, 338, 368, 395, 433
Exception Processing
Exception Processing due to Execution of Undefined
Instruction.............................................85
Execution
Exception Processing due to Execution of Undefined
Instruction.............................................85
Program Execution ...........................................449
Execution Cycle Count
Calculating the Execution Cycle Count...............589
Execution Cycle Count......................................588
Extended Intelligent I/O Service
Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)..............74
Processing Time (One Transfer Time) of the Extended
Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) ...............83
External Clock
Connection of Oscillator and
External Clock.....................................118
Event Count Mode (External Clock Mode)..........270
External Interrupt
Block Diagram of DTP/External Interrupt...........326
Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External
Interrupt..............................................327
DTP/External Interrupt......................................331
DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................332
External Interrupt Request Level ........................336
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register) ...................329
List of Registers for DTP/External Interrupt ........328
Operation of External Interrupt Unit ...................333
Overview of DTP/External Interrupt...................326
Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt ................326
Procedure for DTP/External Interrupt
Operation............................................335
Program Example of DTP/External
Interrupt..............................................337
External Interrupt Request Register
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register) ...................329
External Level Register
Request Level Setting Register (ELVR: External
Level Register) ....................................329
External Shift Clock Mode
External Shift Clock Mode ................................388
External-reset
Block Diagram of External-reset Pin ....................96
639
INDEX
F
F2MC-16LX Instruction List
F2MC-16LX Instruction List ............................. 595
Features
Features of the 1.5M Bit Flash Memory.............. 462
Features of the 8/10-bit A/D Converter............... 342
MB90980 Series Features ..................................... 2
UART Features ................................................ 398
Fetch
Mode Fetch........................................................ 98
Flag
Count Direction Flag, Count Direction Reversal
Flag ................................................... 260
Flag Change Suppress Prefix (NCC) .................... 37
Hardware Sequence Flags ................................. 473
State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag
(DQ3) ................................................ 478
State Transitions of the Data Polling Flag
(DQ7) ................................................ 474
State Transitions of the Timing Limit Excess Flag
(DQ5) ................................................ 477
State Transitions of the Toggle Bit Flag
(DQ6) ................................................ 476
Flash Memory
Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory
(Chip Erase)........................................ 483
Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory
(Sector Erase) ..................................... 484
Features of the 1.5M Bit Flash Memory.............. 462
Flash Memory Control Status Register
(FMCS) ...................................... 463, 465
Flash Memory Write/Erase................................ 479
Methods for Writing/Erasing Flash
Memory ............................................. 462
Operation for Writing to Flash Memory.............. 482
Resuming the Sector Erasure of
Flash Memory..................................... 487
Setting the Flash Memory to the Read/Reset
State................................................... 480
Suspending Sector Erasure
for the Flash Memory .......................... 486
Writing Data to Flash Memory .......................... 481
Flash Memory Control Status Register
Flash Memory Control Status Register
(FMCS) ...................................... 463, 465
Flash Microcontroller Programmer
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power
Supply) .............................................. 495
System Configuration of Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (Yokogawa Digital Computer
Corporation) ....................................... 492
Flow
Flow of Program Patch Processing..................... 454
Hardware Interrupt Operation Flow...................... 54
640
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used) ........ 365
Operational Flow of Pulse Width
Measurement ...................................... 529
Overall Flow of Interrupt Operation..................... 41
Timer Operation Flow ...................................... 523
Flowchart
Flowchart of Operation of EI2OS ........................ 81
FMCS
Flash Memory Control Status Register
(FMCS) ..................................... 463, 465
Free-run Timer
Block Diagram of Free-run Timer ..................... 196
Clear Timing of Free-run Timer
(Match with Compare Register 0) ......... 219
Count Timing of Free-run Timer ....................... 219
List of Free-run Timer Registers........................ 200
Operation of Free-run Timer ............................. 214
Program Example of Free-run Timer ................. 222
Free-run Timer Register
List of Free-run Timer Registers........................ 200
Fujitsu Standard
Pins Used for Fujitsu Standard Serial On-Board
Writing .............................................. 491
Function
Block Diagram of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 443
Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection
Function............................................. 364
Clock Source for Watchdog Timer Specifying
Function............................................. 191
Clock Supplying Function ........................ 161, 168
Communication Procedure for Two-Way
Communication Function..................... 426
Communication Procedure of Master/Slave
Communication Function..................... 429
Compare Function............................................ 257
Configuration and Function of 16-bit Input/Output
Timer................................................. 194
Conversion Data Protection Function................. 364
Correspondence to DMA Transfer and EI2OS
Function............. 212, 252, 281, 314, 332,
354, 386, 414, 511, 553
Count Clear/Gate Function ............................... 259
Function of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........................ 300
Function of Each Bit in Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15) ................................. 47
Function Selection ........................................... 429
Functions of I/O Port........................................ 152
Functions of Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0 and PADR1) ......................... 448
Functions of Watch Timer ................................ 186
Functions of Watchdog Timer ........................... 174
Hardware Interrupt Function ............................... 49
INDEX
I2C Interface Function ...................................... 534
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Function............................................... 46
Interrupt Function of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 393
Interval Interrupt Function of Watch Timer ........ 190
Interval Timer Function .................................... 160
List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match
Detection Function .............................. 444
Major Functions of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 236
μDMAC Functions............................................. 63
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used) ........ 365
Operation of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 449
Operation of Address Match Detection Function at
Storing Patch Program in E2PROM ...... 453
Operation of Interval Timer Function
(Time-base Timer) .............................. 167
Operation of Timer Functions ........................... 513
Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement
Function............................................. 514
Overview of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 442
Pin Functions....................................................... 8
Program Example for Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 455
PWC Timer Functions ...................................... 498
Registers of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
Reload Function............................................... 256
ROMM (ROM Mirror Function Selection
Register) ............................................ 459
Selection of Reload and Compare
Functions ........................................... 256
Sub Clock Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Function............................................. 191
Timer Function for Oscillation Stabilization Wait
Time .................................................. 167
Types and Functions of Interrupts........................ 40
G
Gate
Count Clear/Gate Function................................ 259
General-purpose Register
General-purpose Register.................................... 26
General-purpose Register (Register Bank) ............ 35
Generation
Address Generation Type.................................... 21
Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
Generation of Interrupt Requests ....................... 528
Interrupt Generation Request............................. 521
List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch) ..............90
Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................90
H
Handling
Handling of Analog Input Pins...........................366
Power Supply Handling Precautions .....................17
Hardware Interrupt
Configuration of Hardware Interrupt.....................50
Hardware Interrupt Function................................49
Hardware Interrupt Operation ..............................53
Hardware Interrupt Operation Flow ......................54
Hardware Interrupt Processing Time.....................59
Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt ...............55
Return from Hardware Interrupt ...........................52
Starting Hardware Interrupt .................................52
Suppressing Hardware Interrupt ...........................50
Hardware Sequence Flags
Hardware Sequence Flags..................................473
I
I/O
Block Diagram of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................375
Block Diagram of Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................376
Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)..............74
Functions of I/O Port ........................................152
I/O Circuit Type .................................................11
I/O Map ...........................................................560
I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA)................68, 78
Interrupt Function of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................393
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface...........385
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ...................385
Interrupt Source Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................385
List of Registers for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................377
Operational States of Serial I/O Units .................389
Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface .........374
Overview of Operation for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................387
Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................375
Processing Time (One Transfer Time) of the Extended
Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) ...............83
Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................394
Registers for I/O Port ........................................153
I/O Circuit
I/O Circuit Type .................................................11
641
INDEX
I/O Map
I/O Map........................................................... 560
I/O Port
Functions of I/O Port ........................................ 152
Registers for I/O Port........................................ 153
I/O Register Address Pointer
I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA) ............... 68, 78
2
I C
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
I2C Interface ....................................... 536
Block Diagram of the I2C Interface .................... 535
I2C Interface Function ...................................... 534
Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of I2C
Interface ............................................. 552
Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 553
Interrupt Source of I2C Interface........................ 552
List of I2C Interface Registers ........................... 537
Pin Related to I2C Interface............................... 536
2
I C Interface Register
List of I2C Interface Registers ........................... 537
IADR
Address Register (IADR) .................................. 550
IBCR
Bus Control Register (IBCR)............................. 541
Notes on Using the Bus Control Register
(IBCR) ............................................... 547
IBSR
Bus Status Register (IBSR) ............................... 539
ICCR
Clock Control Register (ICCR).......................... 548
ICR
Configuration of Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15).................................. 46
Function of Each Bit in Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15).................................. 47
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Function ............................................... 46
ICS
Control Status Register (ICS01)......................... 210
IDAR
Data Register (IDAR) ....................................... 551
ILM
Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM) ................... 30
Indirect Addressing
Indirect Addressing .......................................... 580
Initial Value
Direct Page Register (DPR)
<Initial Value: 01H> .............................. 34
Initial Value of Hardware Components............... 319
List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match
Detection Function .............................. 444
642
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
<Initial Value: Value in Reset
Vector>................................................ 33
Input Capture
Block Diagram of Input Capture........................ 197
Example of Input Capture Timing ..................... 218
Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1) ...... 209
List of Input Capture Registers .......................... 209
Program Example of Input Capture.................... 232
Input Capture Data Register
Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1) ...... 209
Input Capture Register
List of Input Capture Registers .......................... 209
Input Frequency
Oscillation Clock Frequency and Serial Clock Input
Frequency .......................................... 492
Instruction
Description of Instruction Presentation Items and
Symbols ............................................. 592
Exception Processing due to Execution of Undefined
Instruction ............................................ 85
F2MC-16LX Instruction List............................. 595
Instruction Types ............................................. 571
Interrupt Suppress Instruction ............................. 38
Restrictions on Interrupt Suppress Instruction and
Prefix Instruction .................................. 38
Structure of Instruction Map ............................. 609
Instruction Presentation Items and Symbols
Description of Instruction Presentation Items and
Symbols ............................................. 592
Intelligent I/O Service
Extended Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS) ............. 74
Processing Time (One Transfer Time) of the Extended
Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)............... 83
Interface
Block Diagram of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 375
Block Diagram of Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 376
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
I2C Interface....................................... 536
Block Diagram of the I2C Interface.................... 535
I2C Interface Function ...................................... 534
Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of I2C
Interface............................................. 552
Interrupt Function of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 393
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface .......... 385
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS................... 385
Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 553
Interrupt Source of I2C Interface ....................... 552
Interrupt Source Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 385
INDEX
List of I2C Interface Registers ........................... 537
List of Registers for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 377
Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface ........ 374
Overview of Operation for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 387
Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 375
Pin Related to I2C Interface............................... 536
Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 394
Intermittent
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode ............. 121, 128
Internal Clock Mode
Internal Clock Mode......................................... 270
Operation of Internal Clock Mode
(One-Shot Mode) ................................ 287
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode).................................... 284
Internal Shift Clock Mode
Internal Shift Clock Mode................................. 388
Internal Timer
Precautions when Starting by External Trigger/
Internal Timer..................................... 366
Interrupt
Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
Block Diagram of DTP/External Interrupt .......... 326
Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 327
Cancellation of Standby Mode by Interrupt ........ 141
Change to Standby Mode and Interrupts ............. 141
Configuration of Hardware Interrupt .................... 50
Configuration of Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15) ................................. 46
DTP/External Interrupt ..................................... 331
DTP/External Interrupt, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 332
Example of Multiple Interrupts............................ 58
External Interrupt Request Level ....................... 336
Function of Each Bit in Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15) ................................. 47
Generation of Interrupt Requests ....................... 528
Hardware Interrupt Function ............................... 49
Hardware Interrupt Operation.............................. 53
Hardware Interrupt Operation Flow ..................... 54
Hardware Interrupt Processing Time .................... 59
Interrupt Control Bit and Interrupt Source of I2C
Interface............................................. 552
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Function............................................... 46
Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt
Control Register.................................... 43
Interrupt Function of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 393
Interrupt Generation Request............................. 521
Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM)....................30
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer ................211
Interrupt of 16-bit Input/Output Timer, DMA
Transfer, and EI2OS.............................212
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer ........................281
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................281
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter ....................353
Interrupt of 8/10-bit A/D Converter, DMA Transfer,
and EI2OS...........................................353
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer .........................313
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................314
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer.....................................251
Interrupt of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ...................252
Interrupt of A/D Converter ................................353
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface...........385
Interrupt of Expanded I/O Serial Interface,
DMA Transfer, and EI2OS ...................385
Interrupt of I2C Interface, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................553
Interrupt of PPG Counter Underflow ..................313
Interrupt of PWC Timer ....................................510
Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................511
Interrupt of UART ............................................413
Interrupt of UART, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................414
Interrupt Source of I2C Interface ........................552
Interrupt Source Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................385
Interrupt Source Related to PWC Timer..............510
Interrupt Source Related to UART .....................413
Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt
Control Registers .................................568
Interrupt Suppress Instruction ..............................38
Interrupt Timing ...............................................220
Interrupt Vector ..................................................42
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register) ...................328
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register) ...................329
Interrupts of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer ..................319
Interval Interrupt Function of Watch Timer .........190
List of Interrupt Control Registers ........................45
List of Registers for DTP/External Interrupt ........328
List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................89
Multiple Interrupt Operations...............................57
Notes on Software Interrupts ...............................62
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch) ..............90
Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................90
Operation of External Interrupt Unit ...................333
643
INDEX
Overall Flow of Interrupt Operation ..................... 41
Overview of DTP/External Interrupt .................. 326
Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt ................ 326
Procedure for DTP/External Interrupt
Operation ........................................... 335
Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt ............... 55
Program Example of DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 337
Restrictions on Interrupt Suppress Instruction and
Prefix Instruction................................... 38
Return from Hardware Interrupt........................... 52
Return from Software Interrupt............................ 61
Sample Program for Interrupt Processing.............. 88
Software Interrupt Operation ............................... 62
Stack Operation during Return from Interrupt
Processing ............................................ 86
Stack Operation when Interrupt Processing
Starts.................................................... 86
Start of Software Interrupt................................... 61
Starting Hardware Interrupt................................. 52
Suppressing Hardware Interrupt........................... 50
Time-base Timer Interrupt ................................ 166
Time-base Timer Interrupt and μDMAC............. 166
Types and Functions of Interrupts ........................ 40
Interrupt Control Register
Configuration of Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15).................................. 46
Function of Each Bit in Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15).................................. 47
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Function ............................................... 46
Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt
Control Register .................................... 43
Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt
Control Registers................................. 568
List of Interrupt Control Registers........................ 45
Interrupt Function
Hardware Interrupt Function ............................... 49
Interrupt Function of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface ............................................. 393
Interval Interrupt Function of Watch Timer......... 190
Interrupt Level Mask Register
Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM) ................... 30
Interrupt Request
External Interrupt Request Level........................ 336
Generation of Interrupt Requests........................ 528
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register)................... 328
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register)................... 329
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch).............. 90
Interrupt Sources
Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt
644
Control Registers ................................ 568
Interrupt Vector
Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt
Control Register.................................... 43
Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt
Control Registers ................................ 568
Interrupt Vector ................................................. 42
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register) .................. 328
Interrupt/DTP Source Register
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register) .................. 329
Interval Interrupt Function
Interval Interrupt Function of Watch Timer ........ 190
Interval Timer
Interval Timer Function .................................... 160
Operation of Interval Timer Function
(Time-base Timer) .............................. 167
IOA
I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA) ............... 68, 78
IPCP
Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1) ...... 209
ISCS
EI2OS Status Register (ISCS).............................. 79
ISD
Configuration of EI2OS Descriptor (ISD) ............. 76
L
Latch
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch) ............. 90
Level Mask
Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM) ................... 30
List
List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers ................. 304
List of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Registers ............................................ 240
List of Free-run Timer Registers........................ 200
List of I2C Interface Registers ........................... 537
List of Input Capture Registers .......................... 209
List of Interrupt Control Registers ....................... 45
List of μDMAC Registers ................................... 63
List of Output Compare Registers...................... 205
List of PWC Timer Registers ............................ 501
List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match
Detection Function.............................. 444
List of Registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter ....... 345
List of Registers for DTP/External Interrupt ....... 328
List of Registers for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 377
List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
INDEX
Low-Power Consumption
Accessing Low-Power Consumption Mode Control
Register.............................................. 127
Block Diagram of Low-Power Consumption Control
Circuit................................................ 123
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
(LPMCR) ........................................... 125
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
Operational State in Low-Power Consumption
Mode ................................................. 139
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
Accessing Low-Power Consumption Mode Control
Register.............................................. 127
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
(LPMCR) ........................................... 125
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
LPMCR
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
(LPMCR) ........................................... 125
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
LQFP-64
Package Dimensions (LQFP-64)............................ 6
Pin Assignment Diagram (LQFP-64) ..................... 7
M
Machine Clock
Machine Clock ................................................ 114
Main Clock Mode
Main Clock Mode, PLL Clock Mode, and Sub Clock
Mode ................................................. 113
Major Functions
Major Functions of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 236
Mask
Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM) ................... 30
Master
Communication Procedure of Master/Slave
Communication Function..................... 429
Connection Between CPUs in Master/Slave
Communication .................................. 428
Register Settings in Master/Slave
Communication .................................. 427
MB90980 Series
Block Diagram of MB90980 Series ....................... 5
MB90980 Series Features ..................................... 2
MB90F983
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming
Connection with MB90F983 ................ 490
MD
Settings of Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0) ................147
μDMAC
Conversion Operation Using μDMAC ................357
Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous
Mode..................................................360
Example of μDMAC Start in Single Mode ..........358
Example of μDMAC Start in Stop Mode.............362
List of μDMAC Registers....................................63
μDMAC Functions .............................................63
μDMAC Operations............................................65
μDMAC Processing Procedure ............................71
μDMAC Processing Time
(Time Per One-time Transfer) .................72
Time-base Timer Interrupt and μDMAC .............166
Measurement
Measurement Mode and Counter Operation ........526
Measurement Result Data..................................524
One-Shot Measurement and Repeated
Measurement.......................................524
Operation After Measurement Start ....................518
Operational Flow of Pulse Width
Measurement.......................................529
Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement
Function .............................................514
Start and Stop of Timer/Pulse Width
Measurement.......................................518
Memory
Allocation for Data of Multi-byte Length in Memory
Space....................................................24
E2PROM Memory Map.....................................451
Erasing All Data in the Flash Memory
(Chip Erase) ........................................483
Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory
(Sector Erase)......................................484
Features of the 1.5M Bit Flash Memory ..............462
Flash Memory Control Status Register
(FMCS) ......................................463, 465
Flash Memory Write/Erase ................................479
Memory Map .....................................................21
Memory Space .................................................558
Methods for Writing/Erasing Flash
Memory..............................................462
Operation for Writing to Flash Memory ..............482
Overview of Memory Access Mode ...................146
Resuming the Sector Erasure of
Flash Memory .....................................487
Setting the Flash Memory to the Read/Reset
State ...................................................480
Suspending Sector Erasure
for the Flash Memory...........................486
System Configuration and E2PROM Memory
Map....................................................450
Writing Data to Flash Memory...........................481
Memory Map
E2PROM Memory Map.....................................451
645
INDEX
Memory Map ..................................................... 21
System Configuration and E2PROM Memory
Map ................................................... 450
Memory Space
Allocation for Data of Multi-byte Length in Memory
Space ................................................... 24
Memory Space ................................................. 558
Methods
Methods for Writing/Erasing Flash
Memory ............................................. 462
Microcontroller
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power
Supply) .............................................. 495
System Configuration of Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (Yokogawa Digital Computer
Corporation) ....................................... 492
Minimum Input Pulse Width
Minimum Input Pulse Width ............................. 527
Mode
Accessing Low-Power Consumption Mode Control
Register .............................................. 127
Bus Mode Setting Bits (M1, M0) ....................... 148
Bus Modes....................................................... 146
Canceling the Sleep Mode................................. 131
Canceling the Stop Mode .................................. 136
Canceling the Time-base Timer Mode................ 132
Canceling the Watch Mode ............................... 134
Cancellation of Standby Mode by Interrupt......... 141
Change of Clock Mode ..................................... 113
Change to Sleep Mode ...................................... 130
Change to Standby Mode and Interrupts ............. 141
Change to Stop Mode ....................................... 136
Change to Time-base Timer Mode ..................... 132
Change to Watch Mode..................................... 134
Clock Modes.................................................... 121
Counter Operation Modes ................................. 271
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode ............. 121, 128
CPU Operation Mode and Current
Consumption ...................................... 120
Event Count Mode ........................................... 290
Event Count Mode (External Clock Mode) ......... 270
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When
Using the User Power Supply) .............. 493
Example of μDMAC Start in Continuous
Mode ................................................. 360
Example of μDMAC Start in Single Mode.......... 358
Example of μDMAC Start in Stop Mode ............ 362
External Shift Clock Mode ................................ 388
Internal Clock Mode......................................... 270
Internal Shift Clock Mode ................................. 388
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
(LPMCR) ........................................... 125
Main Clock Mode, PLL Clock Mode, and Sub Clock
Mode ................................................. 113
Measurement Mode and Counter Operation ........ 526
646
Mode Data ...................................................... 148
Mode Fetch ....................................................... 98
Mode Pins ......................................................... 97
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
One-Shot Operation Mode ................................ 521
Operation in Asynchronous Mode
(Operation Modes 0 and 1)................... 420
Operation in CLK Synchronous Mode
(Operation Mode 2)............................. 423
Operation Mode............................................... 315
Operation Modes ............................. 146, 355, 415
Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload
Timer................................................. 270
Operation of Internal Clock Mode
(One-Shot Mode) ................................ 287
Operational State in Low-Power Consumption
Mode ................................................. 139
Operational States in Standby Mode .................. 129
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode).................................... 284
Overview of Memory Access Mode................... 146
Pin State in Single Chip Mode........................... 140
Pin States after Mode Data is Read .................... 101
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2) ................................ 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3) ................................ 307
Precaution on Using Sub Clock Mode................ 468
Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
(an Example Showing Recommended
Relationship) ...................................... 149
Reload Operation Mode.................................... 521
Selection of Count Mode .................................. 253
Selection of Operation Mode............................. 516
Serial Mode Control Status Register 0/1
(SMCS0/SMCS1) ............................... 378
Serial Mode Register (SMR) ............................. 402
Setting Sub Clock Mode ................................... 469
Settings of Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0) ............... 147
Standby Mode ................................................. 121
Switching the Clock Mode................................ 142
Mode Data
Mode Data ...................................................... 148
Pin States after Mode Data is Read .................... 101
Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
(an Example Showing Recommended
Relationship) ...................................... 149
Mode Fetch
Mode Fetch ....................................................... 98
Mode Pins
Mode Pins ......................................................... 97
Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
(an Example Showing Recommended
Relationship) ...................................... 149
INDEX
Settings of Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0)................ 147
Module
Block Diagram of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch).............. 90
Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 90
Registers of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
Multi-byte Length
Access to Data of Multi-byte Length.................... 24
Allocation for Data of Multi-byte Length in Memory
Space ................................................... 24
Multiple
Example of Multiple Interrupts............................ 58
Multiple Interrupt Operations .............................. 57
Multiplication
Selection of PLL Clock Multiplication
Rate ................................................... 114
N
NCC
Flag Change Suppress Prefix (NCC) .................... 37
Notes
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
Notes on PWC Timer Usage ............................. 530
Notes on Software Interrupts ............................... 62
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch).............. 90
Notes on Using the Bus Control Register
(IBCR)............................................... 547
Notes on Using Time-base Timer ...................... 170
Notes on Using Watchdog Timer....................... 182
O
OCCP
Output Compare Register
(OCCP0 to OCCP3) ............................ 206
OCS
Output Compare Control Register
(OCS01/OCS23) ................................. 207
One-Shot Measurement
One-Shot Measurement and Repeated
Measurement ...................................... 524
One-Shot Mode
Operation of Internal Clock Mode
(One-Shot Mode) ................................ 287
One-Shot Operation Mode
One-Shot Operation Mode.................................521
Operating
Setting and Operating State ...............................452
Operation
Chip/Sector Erase Operation..............................474
Confirmation of Operation State ........................520
Conversion Operation Using μDMAC ................357
Counter Operation Modes..................................271
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode..............121, 128
CPU Operation Mode and Current
Consumption.......................................120
DTP Operation .................................................334
Flowchart of Operation of EI2OS .........................81
Hardware Interrupt Operation ..............................53
Hardware Interrupt Operation Flow ......................54
μDMAC Operations............................................65
Measurement Mode and Counter Operation ........526
Multiple Interrupt Operations...............................57
One-Shot Operation Mode.................................521
Operation After Measurement Start ....................518
Operation and Timing of 16-bit Input/Output
Timer .................................................213
Operation during Serial Data Transfer ................392
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used) .........365
Operation for Writing to Flash Memory ..............482
Operation in Asynchronous Mode
(Operation Modes 0 and 1) ...................420
Operation in CLK Synchronous Mode
(Operation Mode 2) .............................423
Operation Mode ...............................................315
Operation Modes ..............................146, 355, 415
Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload
Timer .................................................270
Operation of Address Match Detection
Function .............................................449
Operation of Address Match Detection Function at
Storing Patch Program in E2PROM .......453
Operation of Delay Interrupt Generation
Module .................................................90
Operation of EI2OS.............................................75
Operation of External Interrupt Unit ...................333
Operation of Free-run Timer ..............................214
Operation of Internal Clock Mode
(One-Shot Mode).................................287
Operation of Interval Timer Function
(Time-base Timer) ...............................167
Operation of Time-base Timer ...........................169
Operation of Timer Functions ............................513
Operation of Watchdog Timer ...........................180
Operational Flow of Pulse Width
Measurement.......................................529
Operational State in Low-Power Consumption
Mode..................................................139
Operational States in Standby Mode ...................129
647
INDEX
Operational States of Serial I/O Units................. 389
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode) .................................... 284
Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement
Function ............................................. 514
Outline of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Operation ........... 315
Outline of PWC Timer Operations ..................... 512
Overall Flow of Interrupt Operation ..................... 41
Overview of Operation for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface ............................................. 387
PPG Output Operation ...................................... 316
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)................................. 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3)................................. 307
Procedure for DTP/External Interrupt
Operation ........................................... 335
Reload Operation Mode .................................... 521
Sector Erase Operation ..................................... 478
Selection of Operation Mode ............................. 516
Software Interrupt Operation ............................... 62
Stack Operation during Return from Interrupt
Processing ............................................ 86
Stack Operation when Interrupt Processing
Starts.................................................... 86
Start/Stop Timing and Input/Output Timing of Shift
Operation ........................................... 391
State Transitions during Count Operation ........... 283
Timer Operation Flow ...................................... 523
Write Operation ............................................... 474
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operation .................... 477
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operations ................... 476
Operation Flow
Hardware Interrupt Operation Flow...................... 54
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used)......... 365
Timer Operation Flow ...................................... 523
Operation Mode
Counter Operation Modes ................................. 271
CPU Intermittent Operation Mode ............. 121, 128
CPU Operation Mode and Current
Consumption ...................................... 120
One-Shot Operation Mode ................................ 521
Operation in Asynchronous Mode
(Operation Modes 0 and 1) ................... 420
Operation in CLK Synchronous Mode
(Operation Mode 2) ............................. 423
Operation Mode ............................................... 315
Operation Modes.............................. 146, 355, 415
Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload
Timer ................................................. 270
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)................................. 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3)................................. 307
Reload Operation Mode .................................... 521
648
Selection of Operation Mode............................. 516
Oscillation Clock Frequency
Oscillation Clock Frequency and Serial Clock Input
Frequency .......................................... 492
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time ........... 117, 142
Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait
Time .................................................... 94
Sub Clock Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
Function............................................. 191
Timer Function for Oscillation Stabilization Wait
Time .................................................. 167
Oscillator
Connection of Oscillator and
External Clock.................................... 118
Other
Other Considerations........................................ 555
Setting Method Other than Program Example
..................................... 223, 227, 233, 262, 293,
322, 338, 368, 395, 433
Outline
Outline of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Operation ........... 315
Outline of PWC Timer Operations..................... 512
Output Compare
Block Diagram of Output Compare ........... 196, 206
List of Output Compare Registers...................... 205
Output Compare Control Register
(OCS01/OCS23) ................................. 207
Output Compare Register
(OCCP0 to OCCP3) ............................ 206
Program Example of Output Compare ............... 226
Output Compare Control Register
Output Compare Control Register
(OCS01/OCS23) ................................. 207
Output Compare Register
List of Output Compare Registers...................... 205
Output Compare Register
(OCCP0 to OCCP3) ............................ 206
Output Pin
Change Timing of Output Pin ........................... 220
Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4).......... 156
Output Waveform
Examples of Output Waveform ......................... 216
Overall Flow
Overall Flow of Interrupt Operation..................... 41
Overview
Overview of Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 442
Overview of Clocks ......................................... 104
Overview of CPU Specifications ......................... 20
Overview of DTP/External Interrupt .................. 326
Overview of Expanded I/O Serial Interface ........ 374
Overview of Memory Access Mode................... 146
Overview of Operation for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 387
INDEX
Overview of Resetting ........................................ 97
P
Package
Package Dimensions (LQFP-64)............................ 6
The Packages of the Corresponding Products.......... 4
PACSR
Program Address Detection Control Status Register
(PACSR)............................................ 445
PADR
Functions of Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0 and PADR1) ......................... 448
Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0, PADR1)............................... 447
PC
Program Counter (PC) ........................................ 32
PCB
Bank Select Prefix (PCB, DTB, ADB, SPB) ......... 36
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
<Initial Value: Value in Reset
Vector>................................................ 33
PDR
Port Registers
(PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA) ........ 154
Physical Address
Correspondence Between Access Areas and Physical
Address.............................................. 149
Pin
Block Diagram of External-reset Pin.................... 96
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output
Timer................................................. 198
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
16-bit Reload Timer ............................ 273
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 344
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
8/16-bit PPG Timer ............................. 303
Block Diagram of Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 239
Block Diagram of Pin Related to DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 327
Block Diagram of Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 376
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
I2C Interface....................................... 536
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
PWC Timer ........................................ 500
Block Diagram of Pin Related to UART............. 400
Change Timing of Output Pin............................ 220
Handling of Analog Input Pins .......................... 366
Mode Pins ......................................................... 97
Pin Assignment Diagram (LQFP-64) ..................... 7
Pin Functions....................................................... 8
Pin Output Control of Pulses ............................. 318
Pin Related to 16-bit Input/Output Timer ........... 197
Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer ....................272
Pin Related to 8/10-bit A/D Converter ................344
Pin Related to 8/16-bit PPG Timer .....................302
Pin Related to 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer.....................................238
Pin Related to DTP/External Interrupt ................326
Pin Related to Expanded I/O Serial
Interface .............................................375
Pin Related to I2C Interface ...............................536
Pin Related to PWC Timer ................................500
Pin Related to UART ........................................400
Pin State in Single Chip Mode ...........................140
Pin States after Mode Data is Read.....................101
Pin States during a Reset ...................................101
Pins Used for Fujitsu Standard Serial On-Board
Writing ...............................................491
Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4) ..........156
Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
(an Example Showing Recommended
Relationship).......................................149
Selection of Input Pin........................................525
Settings of Mode Pins (MD2 to MD0) ................147
Pin Assignment
Pin Assignment Diagram (LQFP-64) ......................7
Pin Functions
Pin Functions .......................................................8
Pin State
Pin State in Single Chip Mode ...........................140
Pin States after Mode Data is Read.....................101
Pin States during a Reset ...................................101
PLL Clock
Main Clock Mode, PLL Clock Mode, and Sub Clock
Mode..................................................113
Selection of PLL Clock Multiplication
Rate....................................................114
PLL Output Selection Register
Configuration of PLL Output Selection Register
(PLLOS).............................................111
PLLOS
Configuration of PLL Output Selection Register
(PLLOS).............................................111
Port
Functions of I/O Port ........................................152
Port Direction Registers
(DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA) ......155
Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4) ..........156
Port Registers
(PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA).........154
Registers for I/O Port ........................................153
Port Direction Register
Port Direction Registers
(DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA) ......155
Port Output Pin Register
Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4) ..........156
649
INDEX
Port Register
Port Registers
(PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA) ........ 154
Power Supply
Example of Connection in Single-Chip Mode (When
Using the User Power Supply) .............. 493
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power
Supply) .............................................. 495
Power Supply Handling Precautions..................... 17
PPG
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
8/16-bit PPG Timer ............................. 303
Block Diagram of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer .......... 301
Function of 8/16-bit PPG Timer......................... 300
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer......................... 313
Interrupt of 8/16-bit PPG Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 314
Interrupt of PPG Counter Underflow .................. 313
Interrupts of the 8/16-bit PPG Timer .................. 319
List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers.................. 304
Outline of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Operation ........... 315
Pin Related to 8/16-bit PPG Timer ..................... 302
PPG Output Operation ...................................... 316
PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers
(PPG01, PPG23) ................................. 310
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)................................. 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3)................................. 307
Program Example of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........... 321
PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Register
PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers
(PPG01, PPG23) ................................. 310
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)................................. 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3)................................. 307
PPGC
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)................................. 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3)................................. 307
Precaution
Device Handing Precautions................................ 16
Power Supply Handling Precautions..................... 17
Precaution on Using Sub Clock Mode ................ 468
Precautions on Using the UART ........................ 431
Precautions when Starting by External Trigger/
Internal Timer ..................................... 366
Prefix
Bank Select Prefix (PCB, DTB, ADB, SPB) ......... 36
Common Register Bank Prefix (CMR) ................. 37
650
Continuous Prefix Codes .................................... 38
Flag Change Suppress Prefix (NCC).................... 37
Restrictions on Interrupt Suppress Instruction and
Prefix Instruction .................................. 38
Prescaler
Communication Prescaler Control Register
(CDCR) ............................................. 411
Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1
(SDCR0/SDCR1)................................ 383
Priority
Priority of STP, SLP, and TMD Bits.................. 127
PRLH
Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3,
PRLH0 to PRLH3).............................. 312
PRLL
Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3,
PRLH0 to PRLH3).............................. 312
Procedure
Communication Procedure for Two-Way
Communication Function..................... 426
Communication Procedure of Master/Slave
Communication Function..................... 429
μDMAC Processing Procedure............................ 71
Procedure for DTP/External Interrupt
Operation ........................................... 335
Procedure for Sector Erasure............................. 484
Procedure for Use of EI2OS ................................ 82
Procedure for Using Hardware Interrupt............... 55
Processing
Exception Processing due to Execution of Undefined
Instruction ............................................ 85
Flow of Program Patch Processing .................... 454
Hardware Interrupt Processing Time.................... 59
μDMAC Processing Procedure............................ 71
μDMAC Processing Time
(Time Per One-time Transfer) ................ 72
Processing Time (One Transfer Time) of the Extended
Intelligent I/O Service (EI2OS)............... 83
Sample Program for Interrupt Processing ............. 88
Stack Operation during Return from Interrupt
Processing ............................................ 86
Stack Operation when Interrupt Processing
Starts ................................................... 86
Processor Status
Processor Status (PS) ......................................... 29
Product
Product Configuration .......................................... 3
Program
Flow of Program Patch Processing .................... 454
Functions of Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0 and PADR1) ......................... 448
Operation of Address Match Detection Function at
Storing Patch Program in E2PROM ...... 453
Program Address Detection Control Status Register
(PACSR)............................................ 445
INDEX
Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0, PADR1)............................... 447
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
<Initial Value: Value in Reset
Vector>................................................ 33
Program Counter (PC) ........................................ 32
Program Example for Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 455
Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer .......... 292
Program Example of 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 367
Program Example of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........... 321
Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 261
Program Example of DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 337
Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 394
Program Example of Free-run Timer.................. 222
Program Example of Input Capture.................... 232
Program Example of Output Compare................ 226
Program Example of UART .............................. 432
Program Execution........................................... 449
Sample Program for Interrupt Processing ............. 88
Sample Programs for Watchdog Timer............... 183
Sample Programs of Time-base Timer ............... 171
Setting Method Other than Program Example
...................................... 223, 227, 233, 262, 293,
322, 338, 368, 395, 433
Program Address Detection Register
Functions of Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0 and PADR1) ......................... 448
Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0, PADR1)............................... 447
Program Count Bank Register
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
<Initial Value: Value in Reset
Vector>................................................ 33
Program Counter
Program Counter (PC) ........................................ 32
Program Example
Program Example for Address Match Detection
Function............................................. 455
Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer .......... 292
Program Example of 8/10-bit A/D
Converter ........................................... 367
Program Example of 8/16-bit PPG Timer ........... 321
Program Example of 8/16-bit Up/Down
Counter/Timer .................................... 261
Program Example of DTP/External
Interrupt ............................................. 337
Program Example of Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 394
Program Example of Free-run Timer.................. 222
Program Example of Input Capture.................... 232
Program Example of Output Compare................ 226
Program Example of UART ..............................432
Setting Method Other than Program Example
......................................223, 227, 233, 262, 293,
322,338, 368, 395, 433
Program Patch Processing
Flow of Program Patch Processing .....................454
Programmer
Example of Connection with Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (When Using the User Power
Supply)...............................................495
System Configuration of Flash Microcontroller
Programmer (Yokogawa Digital Computer
Corporation)........................................492
Programming Connection
Basic Configuration of Serial Programming
Connection with MB90F983.................490
Protection Function
Caution when Using the Conversion Data Protection
Function .............................................364
Conversion Data Protection Function .................364
Operation Flow of Conversion Data Protection
Function (when μDMAC is Used) .........365
PS
Processor Status (PS) ..........................................29
Pulse Width
Minimum Input Pulse Width..............................527
Operational Flow of Pulse Width
Measurement.......................................529
Operations of the Pulse Width Measurement
Function .............................................514
Pulse Width/Interval Calculation Method............528
Range for Counting the Pulse
Width/Interval .....................................528
Relationship Between Reload Value and
Pulse Width.........................................317
Start and Stop of Timer/Pulse Width
Measurement.......................................518
PWC
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
PWC Timer.........................................500
Block Diagram of PWC Timer...........................499
Interrupt of PWC Timer ....................................510
Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................511
Interrupt Source Related to PWC Timer..............510
List of PWC Timer Registers .............................501
Notes on PWC Timer Usage ..............................530
Outline of PWC Timer Operations .....................512
Pin Related to PWC Timer ................................500
PWC Control/Status Register
(PWCSR0, PWCSR1) ..........................502
PWC Data Buffer Register
(PWCR0, PWCR1) ..............................507
PWC Timer Functions.......................................498
651
INDEX
PWC Control/Status Register
PWC Control/Status Register
(PWCSR0, PWCSR1).......................... 502
PWC Data Buffer Register
PWC Data Buffer Register
(PWCR0, PWCR1).............................. 507
PWC Timer
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
PWC Timer ........................................ 500
Block Diagram of PWC Timer .......................... 499
Interrupt of PWC Timer .................................... 510
Interrupt of PWC Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 511
Interrupt Source Related to PWC Timer ............. 510
List of PWC Timer Registers............................. 501
Notes on PWC Timer Usage.............................. 530
Outline of PWC Timer Operations ..................... 512
Pin Related to PWC Timer ................................ 500
PWC Timer Functions ...................................... 498
PWCR
PWC Data Buffer Register
(PWCR0, PWCR1).............................. 507
PWCSR
PWC Control/Status Register
(PWCSR0, PWCSR1).......................... 502
R
Range
Range for Counting the Pulse
Width/Interval..................................... 528
RCR
Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1)
(RCR0/RCR1) .................................... 250
Read
Pin States after Mode Data is Read .................... 101
Setting the Flash Memory to the Read/Reset
State................................................... 480
Register
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)....................... 280
16-bit Timer Register (TMR)............................. 279
16-bit Timer Register (TMR)/
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR).......... 279
Accessing Low-Power Consumption Mode Control
Register .............................................. 127
Address Register (IADR) .................................. 550
Analog Input Enable Register (ADER) ............... 157
Bus Control Register (IBCR)............................. 541
Bus Status Register (IBSR) ............................... 539
Clear Timing of Free-run Timer
(Match with Compare Register 0) ......... 219
Clock Control Register (ICCR).......................... 548
Common Register Bank Prefix (CMR) ................. 37
Communication Prescaler Control Register
(CDCR).............................................. 411
652
Communication Prescaler Control Register 0/1
(SDCR0/SDCR1)................................ 383
Compare Clear Register (CPCLR) ..................... 201
Condition Code Register (CCR) .......................... 29
Configuration of 16-bit Input/Output Timer
Register ............................................. 199
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR) ........................................... 108
Configuration of Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15) ................................. 46
Configuration of PLL Output Selection Register
(PLLOS) ............................................ 111
Configuration of Watch Timer Control Register
(WTC) ............................................... 188
Control Status Register (ICS01) ........................ 210
Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1) ................... 346
Control Status Register 2 (ADCS2) ................... 349
Counter Control Register (ch.0) Upper
(CCRH0) ........................................... 241
Counter Control Register (ch.0/ch.1) Lower
(CCRL0/CCRL1)................................ 245
Counter Control Register (ch.1) Upper
(CCRH1) ........................................... 243
Counter Status Register 0/1 (CSR0/CSR1) ......... 247
Data Register (IDAR)....................................... 551
Data Registers (ADCR2 and ADCR1) ............... 352
Dedicated Registers............................................ 25
Direct Page Register (DPR)
<Initial Value: 01H>.............................. 34
Divide Ratio Control Register
(DIVR0, DIVR1) ................................ 509
DMA Control Status Register (DMACS) ............. 69
EI2OS Status Register (ISCS).............................. 79
Flash Memory Control Status Register
(FMCS) ..................................... 463, 465
Function of Each Bit in Interrupt Control Register
(ICR00 to ICR15) ................................. 47
Functions of Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0 and PADR1) ......................... 448
General-purpose Register.................................... 26
General-purpose Register (Register Bank)............ 35
I/O Register Address Pointer (IOA) ............... 68, 78
Input Capture Data Register (IPCP0, IPCP1) ...... 209
Interrupt Control Register (ICR00 to ICR15)
Function............................................... 46
Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Vector, and Interrupt
Control Register.................................... 43
Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM) ................... 30
Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Vectors, and Interrupt
Control Registers ................................ 568
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register) .................. 328
Interrupt/DTP Source Register (EIRR: External
Interrupt Request Register) .................. 329
List of 8/16-bit PPG Timer Registers ................. 304
List of 8/16-bit Up/Down Counter/Timer
Registers ............................................ 240
INDEX
List of Free-run Timer Registers........................ 200
List of I2C Interface Registers ........................... 537
List of Input Capture Registers .......................... 209
List of Interrupt Control Registers ....................... 45
List of μDMAC Registers ................................... 63
List of Output Compare Registers...................... 205
List of PWC Timer Registers ............................ 501
List of Registers and Initial Values of Address Match
Detection Function .............................. 444
List of Registers for 8/10-bit A/D Converter ....... 345
List of Registers for DTP/External Interrupt ....... 328
List of Registers for Expanded I/O Serial
Interface............................................. 377
List of Registers in Delay Interrupt Generation
Module ................................................ 89
List of UART Registers .................................... 401
Low-Power Consumption Mode Control Register
(LPMCR) ........................................... 125
Notes on Accessing the Low-Power Consumption
Mode Control Register (LPMCR) to Enter
the Standby Mode ............................... 143
Notes on Using the Bus Control Register
(IBCR)............................................... 547
Output Compare Control Register
(OCS01/OCS23) ................................. 207
Output Compare Register
(OCCP0 to OCCP3) ............................ 206
Port Direction Registers
(DDR2 to DDR4, DDR6 to DDRA)...... 155
Port Output Pin Registers (ODR7, ODR4).......... 156
Port Registers
(PDR2 to PDR4, PDR6 to PDRA) ........ 154
PPG0 to PPG3 Output Control Registers
(PPG01, PPG23) ................................. 310
PPG0/PPG2 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC0/PPGC2)................................. 305
PPG1/PPG3 Operation Mode Control Register
(PPGC1/PPGC3)................................. 307
Program Address Detection Control Status Register
(PACSR)............................................ 445
Program Address Detection Registers
(PADR0, PADR1)............................... 447
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
<Initial Value: Value in Reset
Vector>................................................ 33
PWC Control/Status Register
(PWCSR0, PWCSR1) ......................... 502
PWC Data Buffer Register
(PWCR0, PWCR1) ............................. 507
Register Bank Pointer (RP) ................................. 30
Register Settings in Master/Slave
Communication .................................. 427
Register Settings in Two-Way
Communication .................................. 425
Registers for I/O Port ....................................... 153
Registers of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3,
PRLH0 to PRLH3) ..............................312
Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1)
(RCR0/RCR1).....................................250
Request Level Setting Register (ELVR: External
Level Register) ....................................329
ROMM (ROM Mirror Function Selection
Register) .............................................459
Serial Control Register (SCR) ............................404
Serial Data Register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1)...............382
Serial Input/Output Register (SIDR/SODR) ........407
Serial Mode Control Status Register 0/1
(SMCS0/SMCS1) ................................378
Serial Mode Register (SMR)..............................402
Serial Status Register (SSR) ..............................408
Time-base Timer Control Register (TBTC) .........164
Timer Control Status Register (TMCSR) ............275
Timer Counter Control Status Register
(TCCS)...............................................202
Timer Counter Data Register (TCDT).................201
Up/Down Count Register (ch.0/ch.1)
(UDCR0/UDCR1) ...............................249
Up/Down Timer Input Enable Register
(UDER) ..............................................157
Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTC) ........176
Write Timing to the Reload Register ..................319
Register Bank
Common Register Bank Prefix (CMR) .................37
General-purpose Register (Register Bank).............35
Register Bank Pointer (RP)..................................30
Relationship
Relationship Between Mode Pins and Mode Data
(an Example Showing Recommended
Relationship).......................................149
Relationship Between Reload Value and
Pulse Width.........................................317
Reload
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR) .......................280
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
16-bit Reload Timer.............................273
Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer..........272
Configuration of 16-bit Reload Timer
Registers.............................................274
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer ........................281
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS.................................................281
Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload
Timer .................................................270
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode) ....................................284
Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer ....................272
Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer ...........292
Relationship Between Reload Value and
Pulse Width.........................................317
Reload Function ...............................................256
Reload Operation Mode ....................................521
653
INDEX
Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3,
PRLH0 to PRLH3) .............................. 312
Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1)
(RCR0/RCR1) .................................... 250
Selection of Reload and Compare
Functions............................................ 256
Settings of the 16-bit Reload Timer.................... 282
Timer Value and Reload Value.......................... 521
Write Timing to the Reload Register .................. 319
Reload Mode
Operations of Internal Clock Mode
(Reload Mode) .................................... 284
Reload Operation Mode
Reload Operation Mode .................................... 521
Reload Register
Reload Registers (PRLL0 to PRLL3,
PRLH0 to PRLH3) .............................. 312
Write Timing to the Reload Register .................. 319
Reload Timer
Block Diagram of Pin Related to
16-bit Reload Timer ............................ 273
Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer ......... 272
Configuration of 16-bit Reload Timer
Registers ............................................ 274
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer ........................ 281
Interrupt of 16-bit Reload Timer, DMA Transfer, and
EI2OS ................................................ 281
Operation Modes of the 16-bit Reload
Timer ................................................. 270
Pin Related to 16-bit Reload Timer .................... 272
Program Example of 16-bit Reload Timer........... 292
Settings of the 16-bit Reload Timer.................... 282
Reload Value
Relationship Between Reload Value and
Pulse Width ........................................ 317
Timer Value and Reload Value.......................... 521
Reload/Compare Register
Reload/Compare Register (ch.0/ch.1)
(RCR0/RCR1) .................................... 250
Request
External Interrupt Request Level........................ 336
Generation of Interrupt Requests........................ 528
Interrupt Generation Request ............................. 521
Interrupt/DTP Enable Register (ENIR: ENable
Interrupt Request Register)................... 328
Notes on Using Delay Interrupt Generation Module
(Delay Interrupt Request Latch).............. 90
Request Level Setting Register (ELVR: External
Level Register).................................... 329
Request Level Setting Register
Request Level Setting Register (ELVR: External
Level Register).................................... 329
Reset
Cautions about Reset-Factor Bits ....................... 100
654
Correspondence Between Reset-Factor Bits and Reset
Factors ............................................... 100
Overview of Resetting........................................ 97
Pin States during a Reset .................................. 101
Program Count Bank Register (PCB)
<Initial Value: Value in Reset
Vector>................................................ 33
Reset Factors ..................................................... 92
Reset Factors and Oscillation Stabilization Wait
Time .................................................... 94
Reset State Waiting for Stable Oscillation ............ 95
Reset-Factor Bits ............................................... 99
Setting the Flash Memory to the Read/Reset
State .................................................. 480
Restart
Restart ............................................................ 519
Restrictions
Restrictions on Interrupt Suppress Instruction and
Prefix Instruction .................................. 38
Result
Measurement Result Data ................................. 524
Resuming
Resuming the Sector Erasure of
Flash Memory .................................... 487
Return
Return from Hardware Interrupt .......................... 52
Return from Software Interrupt ........................... 61
Stack Operation during Return from Interrupt
Processing ............................................ 86
ROM
Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
Registers of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
ROMM (ROM Mirror Function Selection
Register) ............................................ 459
ROMM
ROMM (ROM Mirror Function Selection
Register) ............................................ 459
RP
Register Bank Pointer (RP) ................................. 30
S
Sample Program
Sample Program for Interrupt Processing ............. 88
Sample Programs for Watchdog Timer .............. 183
Sample Programs of Time-base Timer ............... 171
SCR
Serial Control Register (SCR) ........................... 404
SDR
Serial Data Register 0/1 (SDR0/SDR1) .............. 382
Sector
Chip/Sector Erase Operation ............................. 474
INDEX
Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory
(Sector Erase) ..................................... 484
Procedure for Sector Erasure ............................. 484
Resuming the Sector Erasure of
Flash Memory .................................... 487
Sector Configuration ........................................ 464
Sector Erase Operation ..................................... 478
Sector Erase Suspend ....................... 475, 476, 478
State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag
(DQ3) ................................................ 478
Suspending Sector Erasure
for the Flash Memory .......................... 486
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operation .................... 477
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operations................... 476
Sector Configuration
Sector Configuration ........................................ 464
Sector Erase
Chip/Sector Erase Operation ............................. 474
Erasing Arbitrary Data in the Flash Memory
(Sector Erase) ..................................... 484
Sector Erase Operation ..................................... 478
Sector Erase Suspend ....................... 475, 476, 478
State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag
(DQ3) ................................................ 478
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operation .................... 477
Write/Chip Sector Erase Operations................... 476
Sector Erase Timer Flag
State Transitions of Sector Erase Timer Flag
(DQ3) ................................................ 478
Selection
Block Diagram of the ROM Mirror Function Selection
Module .............................................. 458
Configuration of Clock Selection Register
(CKSCR) ........................................... 108
Configuration of PL