A3985 Datasheet

A3985
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Features and Benefits
Description
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The A3985 is a flexible dual full-bridge gate driver suitable
for driving a wide range of higher power industrial bipolar 2phase stepper motors or 2-phase brushless dc motors. It can
also be used to drive two individual torque motors or solenoid
actuators. Motor power is provided by external N-channel power
MOSFETs at supply voltages from 12 to 50 V.
Serial interface for full digital control
Dual full-bridge gate drive for N-channel MOSFETs
Dual 6-bit DAC current reference
Operation over 12 to 50 V supply voltage range
Synchronous rectification
Cross-conduction protection
Adjustable mixed decay
Fixed off-time PWM current control
Low-current idle mode
Package: 38 pin TSSOP (suffix LD)
Full digital control is provided by two serially-accessible
registers that allow programming of off-time, blank-time,
dead-time, mixed decay ratios, synchronous rectification,
master clock source selection, and division ratio and idle
mode. All internal timings are derived from a master clock
that can be generated on-chip or provided by an external
clock such as the system clock of the master controller. A
programmable divider allows for a wide range of external
system clock frequencies.
The internal fixed off-time PWM current-control timing is
programmed via the serial interface to operate in slow, fast,
and mixed current-decay modes. The desired load-current level
and direction is set via the serial port with a direction bit and
two 6-bit linear DACs in conjunction with a reference voltage.
The seven bits of control allow maximum flexibility in torque
Continued on the next page…
Approximate size
Typical Application
3985-DS, Rev. 4
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
Description (continued)
control for a variety of step methods, from microstepping to full-step
drive. Load current in the external power MOSFET full-bridges is
set in 1.56% increments of the maximum value.
The above-supply voltage required for the high-side N-channel
MOSFETs is provided by a bootstrap capacitor. Efficiency is
enhanced by using synchronous rectification and the power FETs
are protected from shoot-through by integrated crossover-control
and programmable dead time.
In addition to crossover current control, internal circuit protection
provides thermal shutdown with hysteresis and undervoltage lockout.
Special power-up sequencing is not required. This component is
supplied in a 38-pin TSSOP (package LD) with 100% matte tin
leadframe plating.
Selection Guide
Part Number
A3985SLDTR-T
Packing
Tape and reel, 4000 pieces per reel
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Rating
Units
Supply Voltage
Characteristic
Symbol
VBB
Notes
–0.3 to 50
V
Logic Supply Voltage
VDD
–0.3 to 7
V
Logic Inputs and Outputs
SENSEx pins
Sxx pins
–0.3 to 7
V
–1 to 1
V
–2 to 55
V
LSSx pins
–2 to 5
V
GHxx pins
Sxx to Sxx+15
V
GLxx pins
–2 to 16 V
V
Cxx pins
Operating Ambient Temperature
TA
Range S
–0.3 to Sxx+15
V
–20 to 85
ºC
Junction Temperature
TJ(max)
150
ºC
Storage Temperature
Tstg
–55 to 150
ºC
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
Functional Block Diagram
VMOTOR
+5 V
VBB
VDD
VREG
Bandgap
Regulator
P
CREG
Phase 1A
Bridge1
C1A
CBOOT1A
REF
VREF
High-Side
Drive
GH1A
S1A
RGH1A
RGH1B
RGL1A
RGL1B
VREG
6-bit
DAC
Low-Side
Drive
Programmable
PWM Timer
Blanking
Mixed Decay
SDO
GL1A
LSS1
SENSE1
Phase 1B
RSENSE1
P
Low-Side
Drive
GL1B
S1B
Phase 1
Phase 1
Control Logic
SDI
High-Side
Drive
GH1B
CBOOT1B
C1B
STR
Serial Port
Phase 2A
VMOTOR
Bridge2
C2A
CBOOT2A
Phase 2
SCK
Phase 2
Control Logic
High-Side
Drive
GH2A
S2A
RGH2A
RGH2B
RGL2A
RGL2B
VREG
Low-Side
Drive
GL2A
LSS2
WC
Programmable
PWM Timer
Blanking
Mixed Decay
OSC
Oscillator
P
GL2B
S2B
VREF
Programmable Divider
RSENSE2
Phase 2B
Low-Side
Drive
6-bit
DAC
ENABLE
SENSE2
High-Side
Drive
Protection
UVLO
TSD
GH2B
CBOOT2B
C2B
GND
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at TA = 25°C, VDD = 5 V, VBB = 12 to 50 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristics
Supply and Reference
Load Supply Voltage Range
Load Supply Current
Load Supply Idle Current
Logic Supply Voltage Range
Logic Supply Current
Logic Supply Idle Current
Regulator Output
Bootstrap Diode Forward Voltage
Gate Output Drive
Turn-On Rise Time
Turn-Off Fall Time
Turn-On Propagation Delay
Turn-Off Propagation Delay
Crossover Dead Time
Pull-Up On Resistance
Pull-Down On Resistance
Short-Circuit Current – Source1
Short-Circuit Current – Sink
GHx Output Voltage
Symbol
Test Conditions
VBB
IBB
IBBQ
VDD
IDD
IDDQ
VREG
VfBOOT
tr
tf
tp(on)
tp(off)
tDEAD
fMCK = 4 MHz, CLOAD = 1000 pF
ENABLE = High, outputs disabled
Word1:Bit D18 = 0
Word1:Bit D18 = 0
IREGInt = 30 mA
IfBOOT = 10 mA
CLOAD = 1000 pF, 20% to 80%
CLOAD = 1000 pF, 80% to 20%
ENABLE low to gate drive on
ENABLE high to gate drive off
fMCK = 4 MHz,
Word1:Bits D1 and D2 = 00
IGH = –25 mA
IGL = 25 mA
RDS(on)UP
RDS(on)DN
ISC(source)
ISC(sink)
VGHx
CBOOTx fully charged
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
12
–
–
–
3.0
–
–
11.25
0.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.8
50
10
6
100
5.5
10
300
13
1
V
mA
mA
μA
V
mA
μA
V
V
80
40
–
–
120
60
120
120
160
80
–
–
ns
ns
ns
ns
0.5
–
0.75
μs
40
19
–110
200
–
55
24
–80
250
–
Ω
Ω
mA
mA
V
–
–
V
–
–
300
–
0.3 VDD
–
–
1
V
V
mV
μA
0.5
V
GLx Output Voltage
VGLx
30
14
–140
160
VC – 0.2
VREG –
0.2
Logic Inputs
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
Input Hysteresis
Input Current1
VIL
VIH
VIHys
IIN
–
0.7 VDD
150
–1
Output Low Voltage
VOL
SDO, IOL= 0.5 mA
Output High Voltage
VOH
SDO, IOH= –0.3 mA
Output Leakage current1
IOleak
SDO, STR = 1, 0 V< VO< VDD
VDD –
0.5
–1
V
1
μA
Continued on the next page...
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
4
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS, continued, at TA = 25°C, VDD = 5 V, VBB = 12 to 50 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristics
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Current Control
fMCK = 4 MHz;
Blank Time
tBLANK
–
1
–
Word1:Bits D1 and D2 = 00
fMCK = 4 MHz,
Fixed Off-Time
tOFF
Word1:Bits D3 to D7 = 01010, and
21.75
–
22
D15 = 0
0.8
–
2
Reference Input Voltage
VREF
Internal Reference Voltage
VREFInt 20 kΩ to VDD
1.9
2.0
2.1
Current Trip Point Error2
EITrip
VREF = 2 V
–
–
±5
IREF
–3
0
3
Reference Input Current1
Internal Oscillator Frequency
fOSC
ROSC = 10 kΩ
3.2
4
4.8
Maximum Clock Input Frequency
fEXTmax External clock selected
–
10
–
Master Clock Frequency
fMCK
0.5
4
5
Protection
7.5
8
8.5
VREG Undervoltage Lockout
VREGUV Decreasing VREG
VREG Undervoltage Lockout
VREGUVHys
100
200
–
Hysteresis
Decreasing VDD
2.45
2.7
2.95
VDD Undervoltage Lockout
VDDUV
VDD Undervoltage Lockout
VDDUVHys
50
100
–
Hysteresis
Overtemperature Shut Down
TTSD
Temperature increasing
–
165
–
Overtemperature Shut Down
TTSDHys Recovery = TTSD – TTSDHys
–
15
–
Hysteresis
Units
μs
μs
V
V
%
μA
MHz
MHz
MHz
V
mV
V
mV
ºC
ºC
Continued on the next page...
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic
Package Thermal Resistance
Symbol
RθJA
Test Conditions*
Value Units
4-layer PCB, based on JEDEC standard
51
ºC/W
1-layer PCB with copper limited to solder pads
127
ºC/W
*Additional thermal information available on Allegro Web site.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS, continued, at TA = 25°C, VDD = 5 V, VBB = 12 to 50 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristics
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Serial Data Timing
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Units
–
–
–
–
–
ns
ns
Serial Clock Low Time
tSCKL
50
ns
Strobe Lead Time
tSTLD
30
ns
Strobe Lag Time
tSTLG
30
ns
Strobe High Time
tSTRH
150
ns
Data Out Enable Time
tSDOE
40
–
ns
Data Out Disable Time
tSDOD
30
–
ns
Data Out Valid Time from SCK Falling
tSDOV
40
–
ns
Data Out Hold Time from SCK Falling
tSDOH
5
–
ns
Data In Set-up Time to SCK Rising
tSDIS
15
–
ns
Data In Hold Time from SCK Rising
tSDIH
10
–
ns
WC Set-up Time to STR Rising
tSWCS
15
–
ns
WC Hold Time from STR Rising
tSWCH
50
–
ns
WC Hold Time from STR Falling
tSLWCH
30
–
1For input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device pin.
2Current Trip Point Error is the difference between actual current trip point and the target current trip point, referred to full
scale (100%) current: EITrip = 100 × (ITripActual – ITripTarget) / IFullScale %
Serial Clock High Time
tSCKH
50
Serial Data Timing Diagram
WC
tSLWCH
tSWCH
tSWCS
STR
tSCKH
tSTLD
tSTLG
tSCKL
tSTRH
SCK
tSDIS
D18
SDI
tSDOE
SDO
tSDIH
D0
tSDOD
tSDOH
tSDOV
**
D17
D18*
D17*
D0*
Dx = Current data transfer block
Dx* = Previous data transfer block
** = Undefined, usually LSB from previous transfer
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
6
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
Functional Description
Basic Operation
The A3985 is a highly-configurable dual full-bridge FET
driver with built-in digital current control. All features are
accessed through a simple SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
compatible serial port, allowing multiple motors to be controlled with as few as three wires.
Because the full-bridge control circuits are independently
controlled, the A3985 can be used to drive 2-phase bipolar
stepper motors and 2-phase brushless dc (BLDC) motors.
The current in each of the two external power full-bridges
(which are all N-channel MOSFETs) is regulated by a fixed
off-time PWM control circuit. The full-bridge current at each
step is set by the value of an external current sense resistor,
RSENSEX , in the ground connection to the bridge, a reference
voltage, VREF, and the output of the DAC controlled by the
serial data.
The use of PWM with N-channel MOSFETs provides the
most cost-effective solution for a high efficiency motor drive.
The A3985 provides all the necessary circuits to ensure
that the gate-source voltage of both high-side and low-side
external MOSFETs are above 10 V, and that there is no crossconduction (shoot through) in the external bridge. Specific
functions are described more fully in the following sections.
Power Supplies
Two power connections are required. The motor power supply should be connected to VBB to provide the gate drive
levels. Power for internal logic is provided by the VDD
input. Internal logic is designed to operate from 3 to 5.5 V,
allowing the use of 3.3 or 5 V external logic interface circuits.
GND The ground pin is a reference voltage for internal logic
and analog circuits. There is no large current flow through
this pin. To avoid any noise from switching circuits, this
should have an independent trace to the supply ground star
point.
VREG The voltage at this pin is generated by a low-drop-out
linear regulator from the VBB supply. It is used to operate the low-side gate drive outputs, GLxx, and to provide
the charging current for the bootstrap capacitors, CBOOTx.
To limit the voltage drop when the charge current is provided, this pin should be decoupled with a ceramic capacitor, CREG, to ground. The value CREG should typically
be 40 times the value of the bootstrap capacitor for PWM
frequencies up to 14 kHz. Above 14 kHz, the minimum
recommended value can be determined from the following
formula:
CREG > CBOOT × 3 × fPWM ,
where CREG and CBOOT are in nF, and fPWM is the maximum
PWM frequency, in kHz. VREG is monitored, and if the voltage becomes too low, the outputs will be disabled.
REF The reference voltage, VREF, at this pin sets the
maximum (100%) peak current. The REF input is internally
limited to 2 V when a 20 kpull-up resistor is connected
between VREF and VDD. This allows the maximum reference voltage to be set without the need for an externallygenerated voltage. An external reference voltage below the
maximum can also be input on this pin. The voltage at VREF
is divided by the range select ratio Gm to produce the DAC
reference voltage level.
OSC The PWM timing is based on a master clock, typically
running at 4 MHz. The master clock period is used to derive
the PWM off-time, dead time, and blanking time.
The master clock frequency can be set by an internal oscillator or by one of three division ratios of an external clock.
These four options are selected by bits D12 and D13 of the
Control register word.
When the A3985 is configured to use an external clock,
this is input on the OSC pin and will usually provide more
precision than using the internal oscillator. The three internal
divider alternatives provide flexibility in setting the master
clock frequency based on available external system clocks.
If internal timing is selected, fOSC is configured by using
an external resistor, ROSC, connected from the OSC pin to
GND. This sets the frequency (in MHz) to approximately:
fOSC ≈ 100 / (6 + 1.9 × ROSC) ,
where ROSC, in k, is typically between 50 k and 10 k.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
7
A3985
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
SDI, SCK, STR, SDO These are the serial port interface
pins. Data is clocked into SDI by a clock signal on SCK. The
data is then latched by a signal on STR. Note, however, that
SCK must be high for one setup time interval, tSTLG, before
STR goes high and SCK must remain high for one hold time
interval, tSTRH, after STR has gone high (see Serial Data
Timing Diagram). If required, the serial data out pin, SDO,
can be used to read back the previously-latched serial data or
to form a daisy chain for multiple controllers using a single
STR connection. (For bit assignment details, see the Bit
Assignments table.)
WC This input provides a lockout capability for writing
to the Control register. When set to logic high, no changes
can be made to the Control register through the serial port.
When at logic low, the data on the serial port will update the
Control register (if selected by D0 = 1) while STR is high.
This provides a mechanism to avoid inadvertently changing
the Control register settings by erroneous or corrupt serial
data signals.
Gate Drive
The A3985 is designed to drive external power N-channel MOSFETs. It supplies the transient currents necessary
to quickly charge and discharge the external FET gate
capacitance in order to reduce dissipation in the external
FET during switching. The charge and discharge rate can
be controlled using an external resistor, RGx, in series with
the connection to the gate of the FET. Cross-conduction is
prevented by the gate drive circuits which introduce a dead
time, tDEAD , between switching one FET off and the complementary FET on. tDEAD is at least 2, 3, 4, or 6 periods of the
master clock, depending on the corresponding value set in
the Control register (Word 1: bits D1 and D2). tDEAD can be
up to 1 cycle longer than the programmed value, to allow
synchronization with the master clock.
ENABLE This input simply turns off all of the power MOSFETs. Set to logic high to disable outputs. When at logic low,
the internal control enables the outputs as required. Inputs to
the registers and the internal sequencing logic are all active
independent of the ENABLE input state.
C1A, C1B, C2A, and C2B High-side connections for the
bootstrap capacitors, CBOOTx, and positive supply for high-
side gate drivers. The bootstrap capacitors are charged to
approximately VREG when the associated output Sxx terminal
is low. When the output swings high, the voltage on this terminal rises with the output to provide the boosted gate voltage needed for the high-side N-channel power MOSFETs.
The bootstrap capacitor should be ceramic and have a value
of 10 to 20 times the total MOSFET gate capacitance.
GH1A, GH1B, GH2A, and GH2B High-side gate drive
outputs for external N-channel MOSFETs. External series
gate resistors can be used to control the slew rate seen at
the gate, thereby controlling the di/dt and dv/dt at the motor
terminals. GHxx = 1 (high) means that the upper half of the
driver is turned on and will source current to the gate of the
high-side MOSFET in the external motor-driving bridge.
GHxx = 0 (low) means that the lower half of the driver is
turned on and will sink current from the external MOSFET
gate circuit to the respective Sxx pin.
S1A, S1B, S2A, and S2B Directly connected to the
motor, these terminals sense the voltages switched across the
load and define the negative supply for the floating high-side
drivers. The discharge current from the high-side MOSFET
gate capacitance flows through these connections which
should have low impedance traces to the MOSFET bridge.
GL1A, GL1B, GL2A, and GL2B Low-side gate drive
outputs for external N-channel MOSFETs. External series
gate resistors (as close as possible to the MOSFET gate)
can be used to reduce the slew rate seen at the gate, thereby
controlling the di/dt and dv/dt at the motor terminals.
GLxx = 1 (high) means that the upper half of the driver is
turned on and will source current to the gate of the low-side
MOSFET in the external motor-driving bridge. GLxx = 0
(low) means that the lower half of the driver is turned on and
will sink current from the gate of the external MOSFET to
the LSSx pin.
LSS1 and LSS2 Low-side return path for discharge of the
gate capacitors, connected to the common sources of the
low-side external FETs through low-impedance traces.
Internal PWM Current Control
Each full-bridge is independently controlled by a fixed offtime PWM current control circuit that limits the load current
in the phase to a desired value, ITrip. Initially, a diagonal pair
of source and sink MOSFETs are enabled and current flows
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
8
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
through the motor winding and the current sense resistor,
RSENSEx. When the voltage across RSENSEx equals the
DAC output voltage, the current sense comparator resets
the PWM latch, which turns off the source MOSFET (slow
decay mode) or the sink and source MOSFETs (fast decay
mode). The maximum value of current limiting is set by the
selection of RSENSE and the voltage at the REF input, with a
transconductance function approximated by:
ITrip(max) = VREF / (Gm × RSENSE) ,
where Gm is the range factor defined by in the Data register
(Word0: Bits D17 and D18).
The DAC output reduces the VREF output to the current
sense comparator, VDAC, in precise steps:
VDAC = [(1 + DAC) × VREF] / 64 ,
where DAC is the decimal equivalent value of the Bridge
DAC bits in the Data register (Word0: Bits D1 through D6
for Bridge 1, Bits 9 through 14 for Bridge 2). (Active codes
are represented by the values 1 through 63. Programming a
DAC input code to 0 disables the corresponding bridge, and
results in minimum load current.)
The current trip level for each DAC value then becomes:
ITripDAC = VDAC / (Gm × RSENSE) .
PWM Timer Function All bridge control timing is based
on the master clock. The PWM timer is programmed via the
serial port to provide fixed off-time PWM signals to the control block. The off-time, tOFF , is selected by programming
the Off-Time bits in the Control register (Word1, Bits D3
through D7) using the serial port. tOFF may be up to 1 cycle
longer than the programmed value, to synchronize with the
master clock.
Blanking When a source driver is turned on, a current
spike occurs due to the reverse-recovery currents of the
clamp diodes and switching transients related to distributed
capacitance in the load. To prevent false overcurrent detection due to this current spike, the output from the current
sense comparator is ignored (blanked) for a duration of time
called the blank time. The blank timer runs, when a source
power MOSFET is turned on, to provide the programmable
blanking function The blank timer is reset when PHASE is
changed.
The blank time can be set to 4, 6, 8, or 12 periods of the master clock by programming the blank time bits in the Control
register (Word1, Bits D1 and D2) using the serial port.
Dead Time To prevent cross-conduction (shoot through)
in the power full-bridge, a dead time, tDEAD , is introduced
between switching one MOSFET off and switching the
complementary MOSFET on. The dead time, tDEAD, is
nominally half of tBLANK , but may be up to 1 cycle longer to
synchronize with the master clock.
Mixed Decay Operation
Mixed decay is a technique that provides greater control
of phase currents while the current is decreasing. When a
stepper motor is driven at high speed, the back EMF from
the motor will lag behind the driving current. If a passive
current decay mode, such as slow decay, is used in the current control scheme, then the motor back EMF can cause the
phase current to rise out of control. Mixed decay eliminates
this effect by putting the full-bridge initially into fast decay,
and then switching to slow decay after some time. Because
fast decay is an active (driven) decay mode, this portion of
the current decay cycle will ensure that the current remains
in control. Using fast decay for the full current decay time
(off-time, tOFF) would result in a large ripple current, but
switching to slow decay once the current is in control will
reduce the ripple current value. The portion of the off-time
that the full-bridge has to remain in fast decay will depend
on the characteristics and the speed of the motor.
When the phase current is rising, the motor back EMF does
not affect the current control, and slow decay may be used
to minimize the phase current ripple. The A3985 must be
programmed to switch between slow decay, when the current is rising, and mixed decay, when the current is falling.
To simplify this programming sequence the decay mode is
included in the data word (Word0) with the phase current trip
level and the phase current direction.
When mixed decay is used, the portion of the off-time that
the full-bridge remains in fast decay, tFD , is selected by pro-
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
9
A3985
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
gramming the Fast Decay Time bits in the Control register
(Word1, Bits D8 through D11). If tFD is set longer than tOFF ,
the device effectively operates in full fast decay mode.
Selecting between slow decay and mixed decay is done by
programming the Mode bits in the Data register (Word0, Bits
D8 and D16) using the serial port.
Synchronous Rectification When a PWM off-cycle
is triggered, load current recirculates according to the decay
mode selected by the control logic. The synchronous rectification feature turns on the appropriate MOSFETs during the
current decay and effectively shorts out the body diodes with
the low RDS(ON) of the MOSFET. This lowers power dissipation significantly and eliminates the need for additional
Schottky diodes.
Synchronous rectification can be set to one of three distinct
modes by programming the Synchronous Rectification bits
in the Control register (Word1, Bits D14 through D15) using
the serial port. The modes are:
• Active This mode prevents reversal of the load current by
turning off synchronous rectification when a zero current
level is detected. This prevents the motor winding from
conducting in the reverse direction.
• Passive This mode allows reversal of current, but will
turn of the synchronous rectifier circuit if the load current
inversion ramps up to the current limit, ITripDAC.
• Disabled During this mode, MOSFET switching does not
occur during load recirculation. Usually, this setting would
only be used with 4 additional external clamp diodes per
bridge.
Shutdown Operation In the event of an overtemperature fault, or an undervoltage fault on VREG, the gate drive
outputs are disabled until the fault condition is removed.
At power-up, and in the event of low voltage at VDD, the
under voltage lockout (UVLO) circuit disables the gate drive
outputs until the voltage at VDD reaches the minimum level.
Once VDD is above the minimum level, the data in the serial
port is reset to all 0s, ensuring a safe power-up condition.
Serial Interface
The A3985 is controlled by a 3-wire serial port using data,
clock and strobe inputs on the SDI, SCK and STR pins
respectively. An additional serial data output on SDO can
be used to connect several A3985s in a serial daisy chain.
The programmable functions allow maximum flexibility in
configuring the PWM to the motor drive requirements. The
serial data is written as two 19-bit words: 18 bits of data plus
1 bit to select the destination register.
Serial Port Write Timing Operation The serial port timing requirements are specified in the electrical characteristics
table, and illustrated in the Serial Data Timing diagram.
Data is received on the SDI pin and clocked through a shift
register on the rising edge of the clock signal received on the
SCK pin. STR is normally held high, and is only brought low
to initiate a write cycle. No data is clocked through the shift
register when STR is high.
The 18 data bits for a register are input MSB first, followed by the register select bit, D0. After D0 is clocked
into the shift register, STR goes high to latch the data into
the selected register. When this occurs, the internal control
circuits immediately act on the new data.
The Control register can only be written if the WC pin is at
logic low. If WC is high and D0 = 1 (indicating the Control
register), the data will be ignored on the rising edge of STR.
The state of the WC pin does not affect writing to the Data
register, and the pin can be tied to GND when Control register protection is not required.
Note that the number of bits clocked through the shift register is irrelevant and only the last 19 bits before STR goes
high will be latched. This allows several A3985 devices to be
daisy-chained and updated together with a single STR rising
edge.
Data Register (Word 0) Bit Assignments
This section describes the function of the individual bit
values in the Data register, one of the two registers accessed
through the serial port. The assignments are summarized in
the Bit Assignments table.
D0 – Register Select Indicates which register should
receive the data. For the Data register, this is set to 0.
D1 through D6 – Bridge 1 Linear DAC These six bits
set the desired current level for Bridge 1. Setting all six bits
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10
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
to 0 disables Bridge 1, with all drivers off (see Internal PWM
Current Control, in the Functional Description section).
D7 – Bridge 1 Phase Controls the direction of output current for Bridge (load) 1.
D7
S1A
S1B
0
L
H
1
H
L
D8 – Bridge 1 Mode Determines whether slow decay is
forced or mixed decay, according to Word 1 Bits D3 to D11,
is allowed.
D8
Mode
0
Mixed-decay
1
Slow-decay
D9 – D14 Bridge 2 Linear DAC These six bits set the
desired current level for Bridge 2. Setting all six bits to 0
disables Bridge 2, with all drivers off (see Internal PWM
Current Control, in the Functional Description section).
D15 – Bridge 2 Phase Controls the direction of output
current for Bridge (load) 2.
D15
S2A
S2B
0
L
H
1
H
L
D16 – Bridge 2 Mode Determines whether slow decay is
forced or mixed decay, according to Word 1 Bits D3 to D11,
is allowed.
D16
Mode
0
Mixed-decay
1
Slow-decay
D17 and D18 – Gm Range Select These bits determine
the range scaling factor, Gm , used in PWM current control,
according to the following formula:
ITripDAC = VDAC / (Gm × RSENSEx)
D18
D17
Gm
0
0
8
0
1
12
1
0
16
1
1
20
Control Register (Word 1) Bit Assignments
This section describes the function of the individual bit values in the Control register, one of the two registers accessed
through the serial port. The assignments are summarized in
the Bit Assignments table.
Note that the Control register can only be updated when the
WC pin is logic low.
D0 – Register Select Indicates which register should
receive the data. For the Control register, this is set to 1.
D1 and D2 – Blank Time These two bits set the value of
the scaling factor,  / fMCK, used for determining tBLANK for
the current-sense comparator. The factor for tDEAD also is set,
because tDEAD = tBLANK / 2 .
D2
D1
tBLANK
tDEAD
(tBLANK/ 2)
0
0
4 / fMCK
2 / fMCK
0
1
6 / fMCK
3 / fMCK
1
0
8 / fMCK
4 / fMCK
1
1
12 / fMCK
6 / fMCK
D3 through D7 – Fixed Off Time These five bits set the
fixed off-time for the internal PWM control circuitry. Fixed
off-time is defined by:
tOFF = [(1 + n) × (8 / fMCK)] – 1 / fMCK ,
where n = 0 to 31.
For example, with a master clock frequency of 4 MHz, the
fixed off-time time would be adjustable within the range
1.75 to 63.75 μs, in increments of 2 μs.
D8 through D11 – Fast Decay Time These four bits set
the fast decay portion of fixed off-time for the internal PWM
control circuitry. The fast-decay portion is defined by:
tFD = [(1 + n) × 8 / fMCK)] – 1 / fMCK ,
where n = 0 to 15.
For example, with a master clock frequency of 4 MHz, the
fast decay time would be adjustable within the range
1.75 to 32.75 μs, in increments of 2 μs.
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11
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
modes are described in the synchronous rectification section
of the Functional Description section.
Note that, for tFD > tOFF , the device effectively operates in
full fast-decay mode.
D12 and D13 – Master Clock Control An internal
oscillator can be used for the timing functions, and if more
precise control is required, an external clock can be input to
the OSC terminal (for configuration information, refer to the
Functional Description section). To accommodate a wider
range of external system clocks, an internal divider is provided to generate the desired master clock frequency, fMCK ,
according to the following table:
D12
0
0
Internal oscillator*
0
1
External clock rate
1
0
External clock rate / 2
1
1
External clock rate / 4
Synchronous
Rectification Mode
0
0
Disabled
0
1
Disabled
1
0
Active
1
1
Passive
D18 – Idle Mode The device can be placed in a low
power mode by writing a 0 to D18. This disables the VREG
regulator (to 0 V) and the outputs, and the device draws a
lower load supply current. The undervoltage monitor circuit
remains active. When leaving idle mode, D18 should be set
to 1 for at least 1 ms to allow the regulator to return VREG
to its normal operating voltage (≈12 V) before attempting to
enable any output driver.
*4 MHz typical, configurable with external resistor, ROSC.
D14 and D15 – Synchronous Rectification Two bits
are used to set the mode for synchronous rectification. The
Bit Assignments Table
Data Register
Word
Bit
Function
D0
Register Select = 0
D1
Bridge 1, DAC bit 0 (LSB)
D2
Bridge 1, DAC bit 1
D3
Bridge 1, DAC bit 2
D4
Bridge 1, DAC bit 3
D5
Bridge 1, DAC bit 4
D6
Bridge 1, DAC bit 5 (MSB)
D7
Bridge 1, Phase
D8
Bridge 1, Mode
0
D9
Bridge 2, DAC bit 0 (LSB)
D10
Bridge 2, DAC bit 1
D11
Bridge 2, DAC bit 2
D12
Bridge 2, DAC bit 3
D13
Bridge 2, DAC bit 4
D14
Bridge 2, DAC bit 5 (MSB)
D15
Bridge 2, Phase
D16
Bridge 2, Mode
D17
Range Select bit 0
D18
Range Select bit 1
D14
D16 and D17 – Reserved These bits are reserved for
testing and should be programmed to 0 during normal
operation.
Master Clock Source and fMCK
D13
D15
Word
1
Bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
Control Register
Function
Register Select = 1
Blank-time bit 0 (LSB)
Blank-time bit 1 (MSB)
Off-time bit 0 (LSB)
Off-time bit 1
Off-time bit 2
Off-time bit 3
Off-time bit 4 (MSB)
Fast-decay time bit 0 (LSB)
Fast-decay time bit 1
Fast-decay time bit 2
Fast-decay time bit 3 (MSB)
Master Clock Control bit 0 (LSB)
Master Clock Control bit 1 (MSB)
Synchronous Rectification Control bit 0 (LSB)
Synchronous Rectification Control bit 1 (MSB)
Reserved
Reserved
Idle Mode
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12
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
Applications Information
Current Sensing
To minimize inaccuracies in sensing the IPEAK current
level caused by ground-trace IR drops, the sense resistor,
RSENSEx, should have an independent return to the supply
ground star point. For low-value sense resistors, the IR drops
in the sense resistor PCB traces can be significant and should
be taken into account. The use of sockets should be avoided
as they can introduce variation in RENSESx due to their
contact resistance.
3. The GND pin should be connected by an independent lowimpedance trace to the supply common at a single point.
4. Check the peak voltage excursion of the transients on
the LSS pin with reference to the GND pin using a close
grounded (tip and barrel) probe. If the voltage at LSS
exceeds the specified absolute maximum add additional
clamping, capacitance, or both, between the LSS pin and the
AGND pin.
Thermal Protection
Other layout recommendations:
All drivers are turned off when the junction temperature
reaches 165°C typical. This is intended only to protect the
A3985 from failures due to excessive junction temperatures.
Thermal protection will not protect the A3985 from continuous short circuits. Thermal shutdown has a hysteresis of
approximately 15°C.
1. Gate charge drive paths and gate discharge return paths
may carry transient current pulses. Therefore, the traces from
GHxx, GLxx, Sxx, and LSSx should be as short as possible to
reduce the inductance of the circuit trace.
Circuit Layout
Since this is a switch-mode application, where rapid current
changes are present, care must be taken during layout of the
application PCB. The following points are provided as guidance for layout. Following all guidelines will not always be
possible. However, each point should be carefully considered
as part of any layout procedure.
Ground Connection Layout Recommendations:
1. Decoupling capacitors for the supply pins VBB, VREG,
and VDD should be connected independently, close to the
GND pin, and not to any ground plane. The decoupling
capacitors should also be connected as close as possible to
the corresponding supply pin.
2. If used, the oscillator timing resistor ROSC should be
connected to the GND pin. It should not be connected to any
ground plane, supply common, or the power ground.
2. Provide an independent connection from each LSS pin
to the common point of each power bridge. It is not recommended to connect LSS directly to the GND pin. The LSS
connection should not be used for the SENSE connection.
3. Minimize stray inductance by using short, wide copper
runs at the drain and source terminals of all power FETs.
This includes motor lead connections, the input power bus,
and the common source of the low-side power FETs. This
will minimize voltages induced by fast switching of large
load currents.
4. Consider the use of small (100nF) ceramic decoupling
capacitors across the source and drain of the power FETs to
limit fast transient voltage spikes caused by trace inductance.
The above are only recommendations. Each application is
different and may encounter different sensitivities. Each
design should be tested at the maximum current, to ensure
any parasitic effects are eliminated.
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13
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
C2A 1
Pin-out Diagram
38 C2B
GH2A 2
S2A 3
37 GH2B
Bridge 2
Control
GL2A 4
35 GL2B
NC 5
34 NC
VREG 6
33 LSS2
VBB 7
32 SENSE2
GL1A 8
31 WC
S1A 9
GH1A 10
36 S2B
30 SDO
Serial
Interface
29 SDI
C1A 11
28 STR
C1B 12
27 SCK
GH1B 13
S1B 14
26 NC
Bridge 1
Control
25 VDD
GL1B 15
24 NC
LSS1 16
23 OSC
SENSE1 17
22 NC
NC 18
21 REF
ENABLE 19
20 GND
Terminal List Table
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Name
C2A
GH2A
S2A
GL2A
NC
VREG
VBB
GL1A
S1A
GH1A
C1A
C1B
GH1B
S1B
GL1B
LSS1
SENSE1
NC
ENABLE
GND
REF
NC
OSC
NC
VDD
NC
SCK
STR
SDI
SDO
WC
SENSE2
LSS2
NC
GL2B
S2B
GH2B
C2B
Description
Phase 2 bootstrap capacitor drive A connection
Phase 2 high-side gate drive A
Phase 2 motor connection A
Phase 2 low-side gate drive A
No internal connection
Regulator decoupling capacitor connection
Motor supply voltage
Phase 1 low-side gate drive A
Phase 1 motor connection A
Phase 1 high-side gate drive A
Phase 1 bootstrap capacitor drive A connection
Phase 1 bootstrap capacitor drive B connection
Phase 1 high-side gate drive B
Phase 1 motor connection B
Phase 1 low-side gate drive B
Phase 1 low-side source connection
Phase 1 bridge current sense input
No internal connection
Output enable
Ground
Reference voltage
No internal connection
External clock input, ROSC resistor connection
No internal connection
Logic supply voltage
No internal connection
Serial Data Clock
Serial Data Strobe
Serial Data Input
Serial Data Output
Write Configuration Enable
Phase 2 bridge current sense input
Phase 2 low-side source connection
No internal connection
Phase 2 low-side gate drive B
Phase 2 motor connection B
Phase 2 high-side gate drive B
Phase 2 bootstrap capacitor drive B connection
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14
Digitally Programmable
Dual Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3985
LD Package, 38-Pin TSSOP
1.60
9.70 ±0.10
4º
0.50
38
0.30
38
+0.06
0.15 –0.05
4.40 ±0.10
6.40 ±0.20
6.00
A
1 2
1 2
0.25
38X
SEATING
PLANE
0.10 C
0.22 ±0.05
0.50
C
1.20 MAX
0.10 ±0.05
B
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
PCB Layout Reference View
All dimensions nominal, not for tooling use
(reference JEDEC MO-153 BD-1)
Dimensions in millimeters
A Terminal #1 mark area
B
Reference pad layout (reference IPC SOP50P640X110-38M)
All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary
to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances
Copyright ©2005-2013, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to
permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the
failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its
use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
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15