Scalable Pads for the XC2000/XE166 Microcontroller Family

Application Note, V1.1, October 2007
AP16120
XC2000 & XE166 Families
Sca la bl e Pa ds - El ec tr ica l Spe ci fi ca tion .
Sca la bl e Ou tpu t Dr i vers in 130 nm CMO S
T ech no logy
Microcontrollers
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Edition 2007-10
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2007 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
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Application Note AP16120
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V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
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2007-10
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Application Note AP16120
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AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Table of Contents
Page
1
Preface ...................................................................................5
2
2.1
2.2
Introduction .............................................................................6
Pad driver scaling in detail ......................................................6
Physical basics .......................................................................7
3
XC2000 Test Configuration...................................................10
4
Measured Timings ................................................................11
5
5.1
5.2
Measured Electromagnetic Emission ....................................32
Description of test equipment................................................32
Emission test result discussion .............................................34
6
6.1
6.2
Recommended Settings for Signal Categories......................38
General.................................................................................38
Decision Tables and Graphs.................................................39
Annex A: Measured rise/fall waveforms .............................................57
Annex B: Measured emission spectra................................................95
Annex C: Glossary...........................................................................121
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
1
Preface
Output driver scaling, also referred to as „slew rate control“, is an effective technique to reduce the
electromagnetic emission of an integrated circuit by reducing the driver strength and/or smoothing
the rising and falling edges of one or more pad output drivers.
Output driver scaling makes sense only when a certain margin regarding signal frequency and/or
capacitive output load is available. Any driver scaling must maintain proper signal integrity.
This application note presents a huge set of output driver characterization data, which shall enable
the system designers to select proper driver settings to reduce the electromagnetic emission caused
by the driver switching, while maintaining the desired signal integrity. Parameters under consideration
are switching frequency, capacitive output load, and ambient temperature.
Chapter 2 introduces physical basics behind the scaling.
Chapter 3 describes the XC2000 software initialization for timing and emission measurements.
Chapter 4 provides values and comparison diagrams of measured rise/fall times under various
conditions.
Chapter 5 compares several measured electromagnetic emissions under various conditions.
Chapter 6 recommends useful settings for the drivers by introducing signal categories and giving lots
of decision tables and graphs.
Annex A shows the waveforms of all measured rise/fall times.
Annex B shows all measured emission spectra used for the discussions in Chapter 5.
Annex C explains all abbreviations used in this application note in a glossary.
Guideline to use this application note
In most cases an appropriate driver setting is searched for, based on a given signal data rate, a given
capacitive load connected to this signal, and a given maximal ambient temperature. In this case the
diagrams given in Chapter 6 provide the required pad driver settings. These suitable pad driver
settings lead to minimum electromagnetic emission under the given constraints for data rate,
capacitive load, and operating temperature.
In addition, the measured values of rise and fall times for all driver settings listed in comparison
diagrams can be referred in Chapter 4.
The impact of driver settings on electromagnetic emission can be estimated from the comparison
diagrams in Chapter 5.
Annex A and B serve as data pool for detailled timing and electromagnetic emission behaviour for all
pad driver settings under various temperature and capacitve load conditions. Note that emissions are
always measured at room temperature (25°C).
Important notes
The information given in this application note is valid for Infineon microcontrollers of the XC2000 and
XE166 families, fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology. The application note refers to the XC2000
microcontroller family, however the same data also applies to the XE166 microcontroller family.
Please note that all numbers given in this application note are not guaranteed in the microcontroller
data sheets. They are verified by design without being monitored during the IC fabrication process.
The numbers are based on timing measurements performed on center lot devices. Fabrication
process windows may lead to deviations of below 10%.
Application Note AP16120
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
2
Introduction
The output driver scaling principle of the XC2000 microcontrollers is shown in Fig. 1. The driver
configuration is possible by setting corresponding control bits in the port-related output control
registers. Fig. 2 shows the bit contents of these registers.
2.1
Pad driver scaling in detail
2.1.1
Driver characteristics
Basically, we distinguish between driver
control and edge control. Driver control
bits set the general DC driving capability
of the respective driver. Reducing the
driver strength increases the output’s
internal resistance which attenuates
noise that is imported/exported via the
output line.
For a given external load, charging and
discharging time varies with the driver
strength, thus the rise/fall times will
change accordingly. For driving LEDs or
power transistors, however, a stable
high output current may still be required
independent of low toggle rates which
would normally allow to decide for
weaker drivers due to their low
transitions and thus low noise emission.
Figure 1: Pad output driver schematic
The controllable output drivers of the XC2000 pins feature three differently sized transistors (strong,
medium, and weak) for each direction (push and pull). The time of activating/deactivating these
transistors determines the output characteristics of the respective port driver.
The strength of the driver can be selected to adapt the driver characteristics to the application’s
requirements:
In Strong Driver Mode, the medium and strong transistors are activated. In this mode the driver
provides maximum output current even after the target signal level is reached.
In Medium Driver Mode, only the
medium transistor is activated while the
other transistors remain off.
In Weak Driver Mode, only the weak
transistor is activated while the other
transistors remain off. This results in
smooth transitions with low current
peaks (and reduced susceptibility for
noise) on the cost of increased transition
times, i.e. slower edges, depending on
the capacitive load, and low static
current.
The XC2000 microcontrollers offer a
system clock output EXTCLK at Port 2.8
which is able to drive an external load at
original or down-scaled toggle rate. To
serve clock rates above 40MHz, this pin
EXTCLK is equipped with an additional
Extra-Strong Mode driver whose
driving capability exceeds the one of the
standard “Strong-Sharp” driver.
Figure 2: Port output control register specification
Deviating from Fig. 2, pins [12:8] of Port2 are configured by bit field PDM2, but pin 8 uses its extrastrong driver whenever PDM3 contains an odd number.
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
2.1.2
Edge Characteristics
Signal slopes or edges define the rise/fall time for the respective output, i.e. the output transition time.
Soft edges reduce the peak currents that are drawn when changing the voltage level of an external
capacitive load. For a bus interface, however, sharp edges may still be required. Edge characteristic
are controlled by the pad pre-driver which controls the final output driver stage.
The Port Output Control registers POCONx provide the corresponding control bits. A 3-bit control
field configures the driver strength and the edge shape. Word ports consume four control nibbles
each, byte ports consume two control nibbles each, where each control field controls 4 pins of the
respective port. Fig. 2 shows an example of a POCON register and the allocation of control bit fields
and port pins.
In this guideline, the scaling effects of the XC2000 microcontrollers’ output drivers fabricated in
130nm CMOS technology are described. It serves as a reference addendum to the respective
microcontroller product specifications where the individual bit settings can be found.
2.2
Physical basics
Two main constraints have to be met when deciding for a certain clock driver setting: signal integrity
and power integrity. Both issues will be discussed after a general introduction to capacitive load
charging.
2.2.1
Load charging
Generally, a switching transistor output stage delivers charge to its corresponding load capacitor
during rising edge and draws charge from its load capacitor during falling edge. Timing diagrams
normally show the signal’s voltage over time characteristics. However, the resulting timing is a result
of the electrical charge transfer described above. Charge is transferred by flowing current.
A bigger pad driver means a smaller resistance in the loading path of the external load. Fig. 3 shows
the load current and voltage of two examples of pad drivers connected to a load of C=40pF. The
strong driver has an output resistance of 25Ω, the weak driver 50Ω. For times t<0, the output voltage
is 0V. At t=0, the load capacitor C is connected to the target output voltage U=5V via the respective
driver pullup transistor. As a reaction, the load current steps immediately to the value I=U/R. I is
bigger for smaller values of R. This means that the strong driver generates a bigger current jump and
charges the load capacitor in
a shorter time.
In frequency domain, the
current
peak
which
is
resulting from the charging of
the load capacitor and from
the over- or undershoots,
causes significant RF energy
and thus electromagnetic
emission on the pad power
supply. These effects are
discussed in chapter 2.2.3.
Not
only
the
pad
Application Note AP16120
Charging Voltage and Current at 40pF Load
4.5
0.18
4
0.16
3.5
0.14
3
0.12
2.5
0.1
2
0.08
1.5
0.06
1
0.04
0.5
0.02
0
-2.0E-09
0.0E+00
2.0E-09
4.0E-09
6.0E-09
8.0E-09
Current [A]
0.2
5
Voltage [V]
In time domain this leads to
bigger reflections for not
adapted driver impedances.
Since
typical
trace
impedances range from 60 to
120Ω , a strong driver with
Z=10Ω is poorly adapted and
may cause big voltage overand undershoots. A weak
driver with Z=100Ω may fit
perfectly and generate a
clean voltage switching signal
without over- or undershoots.
These effects are discussed
in chapter 2.2.2.
0
1.0E-08
Time [s]
Voltage R=50Ohm
Voltage R=25Ohm
Current R=50Ohm
Current R=25Ohm
Figure 3: Current-/voltage charging curves for
different driver strengths
driver
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impedance, but also the connected capacitive load determines the electromagnetic emission
amplitudes. Fig. 4 illustrates the differences in charging current and voltage between a capacitive
load of 40pF and one of 20pF. In both cases, the driver impedance is set to 50Ω.
This disadvantage can be
compensated by chosing a
smaller pad driver, i.e. a
weaker driver setting, causing
bigger driver impedance and
thus smaller di/dt for the
charging current.
The selection of a weaker
driver setting slows down the
pad switching time, so care
must be taken to maintain the
required signal integrity.
2.2.2
Charging Voltage and Current at 50Ohm Driver Impedance
4.5
0.18
4
0.16
3.5
0.14
3
0.12
0.1
2.5
2
0.08
1.5
0.06
1
0.04
0.5
0.02
0
-2.0E-09
0.0E+00
2.0E-09
4.0E-09
6.0E-09
8.0E-09
Current [A]
0.2
5
Voltage [V]
As expected, the charging
voltage increases faster for a
smaller load. However, the
starting value of the charging
current is only determined by
the driver impedance and is
thus load-independent. The
load affects only the speed of
load current decrease. It
decreases faster if the load is
smaller. This means on the
other hand a bigger di/dt for
smaller loads, resulting in
higer emission for smaller
loads.
0
1.0E-08
Time [s]
Voltage Cload=40pF
Voltage Cload=20pF
Current Cload=40pF
Current Cload=20pF
Figure 4: Current-/voltage charging curves for
different capacitive loads
Signal integrity
Maintaining signal integrity means to select the rise/fall times such that all signal handshaking and
data communication timings and levels are ensured for proper system operation. This means the
data interchange between the microcontroller and external ICs like Flash memory, line drivers,
receivers and transmitters etc. runs properly.
Therefore, it has to be taken into account that CMOS transistors become slower with rising
temperature. Thus the timing of a critical signal has to be matched for proper operation at highest
ambient temperature. Depending on the
application, common temperature ranges are
up to 85°C or up to 125°C. Several automotive
control units specify an ambient temperature
range from -40°C up to 125°C. The die
temperature may reach values up to 150°C
during operation.
Rules:
•
Choose driver characteristics to meet
the DC driving requirements. Make sure
that the DC current provided by the
microcontroller’s pad drivers is sufficient
to drive actuators into the desired logic
state.
•
Choose edge settings to meet system
timing constraints at the highest system
temperature. Make sure that no too
strong driver settings are selected. This
Application Note AP16120
Figure 5: Signal over- and undershoots
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
would lead to unnecessarily fast signal edges, causing two disadvantages regarding
electromagnetic emission: (1) The slopes are too fast and cause undesired high emission
energy at higher frequencies; (2) Over- and undershoot appears with the danger of latchup,
spikes leading to wrong logic states or increased data stable delays and undesired high
frequency emission.
•
2.2.3
If system timing requires short signal rise/fall times, series termination is recommended to
avoid over-/undershoot at signal transitions, see Fig. 5. The value of the termination resistor
has to be chosen identical to the signal line impedance.
Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission
Any switching between low and high voltage levels generates RF noise. This happens whenever the
switching voltage or the switching current has no sinusoidal shape. Switching currents are mainly
responsible for electromagnetic emission because of the voltage drop across line inductances such
as bond wires and lead
frames. Any shapes
other than sinusoidal
are composed by the
overlay
of
multiple
frequencies,
also
known as harmonics.
To reach a significantly
steep edge of
a
trapezoidal voltage of a
clock
signal,
short
current pulses during
the edges are required.
These
switching
currents are outlined as
nearly triangular peaks
which are composed
from
the
base
frequency and a set of
odd
and
even
harmonics, depending
Figure 6: Spectrum envelope for different clocks and edges
on the exact pulse
shape.
The steeper a switching pulse is, the higher frequencies are required to form the rising and falling
edges. A rise time of 1ns leads to a spectrum composed from harmonics up to at least 500 MHz.
Assuming a 100MHz (10ns period) clock signal consisting of 10% rise time, 40% high level, 10% fall
time and 40% low level, this clock signal already generates at least harmonics up to 500MHz.
Unfortunately not the clock frequency, but the rise/fall times determine the resulting RF spectrum.
Even if a clock driver operates at a relatively low toggle rate, it may generate the same RF spectrum
as if it would operate at a significantly higher toggle rate – as long as its rise/fall times are not
adjusted to the lower toggle rate by slowing down the transitions. For example, if the mentioned
100MHz clock driver operates at only 10 MHz, its rise/fall times should be extended from 1 ns to 10
ns, still maintaining the 10% ratio relatively to the clock period time. Fig. 6 illustrates that behaviour.
Rule:
•
Choose driver and edge characteristics to result in lowest electromagnetic emission while
meeting all system timing requirements at highest system temperature.
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
3
XC2000 Test Configuration
Timing and EMI measurements in this docment use the active EXTCLK (P2.8) pin. P2.8 offers the full
scale of driver settings: extra-strong, strong-sharp, strong-medium, strong-soft, medium, weak.
Roughly, these settings can be linked to driven data rates, as documented in Chapter 6. Note that the
actual data rate which can be driven by the selected driver depends on additional parameters like
external capacitive load, pad supply voltage and ambient temperature.
The “standard” driver settings for EXTCLK are configured by bit field PDM2 in the Port2 Control
Register (P2_POCON; address E8A4H), see Fig. 7. The extra-strong driver is selected whenever
PDM3 contains an odd number.
Figure 7: Port output control register specification
EXTCLK (P2.8) is activated and configured by the following register settings:
External Clock Control Register (EXTCON; address FF5EH):
EXTCON[4:0]=00101B
Select fPLL as clock source and enable this clock on P2.8.
Port2 Control Register (P2_POCON; address E8A4H):
Contents select the driver strength, see Table 1.
Driver Setting
Abbreviation
Data rate 1)
P2_POCON
Weak
WEA
≤ 500 kHz
03xxh
Medium
MED
≤ 4 MHz
04xxh
Strong-soft
SSO
≤ 25 MHz
02xxh
Strong-medium
SME
≤ 40 MHz
01xxh
Strong-sharp
SSH
≤ 66 MHz
00xxh
Extra-strong
XST
80 MHz
1xxxh
Table 1: Driver settings in the XC2000 family
1)
Operating conditions are: VDDP0=5.0V, CLOAD=10pF, TA=25°C, VOL<10%, VOH >90%.
Application Note AP16120
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
4
Measured Timings
4.1.1
Measurement conditions and naming conventions
The test configuration listed in chapter 3 applies. Accordingly, all timings are measured at EXTCLK
(P2.8).
In addition, the following parameters are varied for timing measurements:
•
Pad supply voltage VDDP0 in 2 steps: 3.3V and 5.0V.
•
Capacitive load in 5 steps: 10pF, 15pF, 22pF, 33pF, 47pF
•
Ambient temerature in 3 steps: -40°C, +25°C, +125°C
•
For rise/fall time values at other temperatures, a linear interpolation can be done.
•
Electromagnetic emission is always measured at TA=25°C.
Load capacitors are selected in a way that together with the measurement probe capacitance of 3pF
total capacitance values of 13pF up to 50pF are reached. Table 2 shows the reference between real
loads and numbers given in the result diagrams. For easy reading, these capacitances are referred to
the SMD capacitor values as 10, 15, 22, 33, 47pF in the result diagrams.
SMD load
capacitor
Probe capacitance
Resulting physical
capacitance
10pF
3 pF
13 pF
15 pF
3 pF
18 pF
22 pF
3 pF
25 pF
33 pF
3 pF
36 pF
47 pF
3 pF
50 pF
Table 2: Overview of capacitive loads used for timing measurements
Figure 8: Voltage level references for timing measurement at VDDP0=3.3V
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Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 9: Voltage level references for timing measurement at VDDP0=5.0V
The results given in Table 4 and in the diagrams of Chapter 4.1.3 show the measured rising and
falling edge timings. The reference points are 10% and 90% as indicated in Fig. 8 and 9.
Table 3 lists all parameter variations and test names for reference. These test names are used to
indicate the driver settings and load configurations used inChapter 4.1.3. All measurements have
been performed for VDDP0=3.3V and VDDP0=5.0V at ambient temperatures TA=-40°C, 25°C and
125°C.
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Test Name
Driver strength
Connected physical capacitor
Resulting load capacitance
XS-10pF
Extra-strong
10pF
13 pF
XS-15pF
Extra-strong
15 pF
18 pF
XS-22pF
Extra-strong
22 pF
25 pF
XS-33pF
Extra-strong
33 pF
36 pF
XS-47pF
Extra-strong
47 pF
50 pF
SH-10pF
Strong-sharp
10pF
13 pF
SH-15pF
Strong-sharp
15 pF
18 pF
SH-22pF
Strong-sharp
22 pF
25 pF
SH-33pF
Strong-sharp
33 pF
36 pF
SH-47pF
Strong-sharp
47 pF
50 pF
SM-10pF
Strong-medium
10pF
13 pF
SM-15pF
Strong-medium
15 pF
18 pF
SM-22pF
Strong-medium
22 pF
25 pF
SM-33pF
Strong-medium
33 pF
36 pF
SM-47pF
Strong-medium
47 pF
50 pF
SO-10pF
Strong-soft
10pF
13 pF
SO-15pF
Strong-soft
15 pF
18 pF
SO-22pF
Strong-soft
22 pF
25 pF
SO-33pF
Strong-soft
33 pF
36 pF
SO-47pF
Strong-soft
47 pF
50 pF
ME-10pF
Medium
10pF
13 pF
ME-15pF
Medium
15 pF
18 pF
ME-22pF
Medium
22 pF
25 pF
ME-33pF
Medium
33 pF
36 pF
ME-47pF
Medium
47 pF
50 pF
WE-10pF
Weak
10pF
13 pF
WE-15pF
Weak
15 pF
18 pF
WE-22pF
Weak
22 pF
25 pF
WE-33pF
Weak
33 pF
36 pF
WE-47pF
Weak
47 pF
50 pF
Table 3: Abbreviations used in the timing result diagrams
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4.1.2
Rise/fall time values
Table 4 lists the measured 10% / 90% rise and fall times of all driver, voltage, load and ambient
temperature conditions. The related waveform are shown in Annex A.
Driver = „Extra-sharp“; VDDP0 = 3.3V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns)
2.03
1.85
2.24
1.94
3.62
2.17
CL=15pF
tR (ns) tF (ns)
2.53
2.29
4
2.82
4.45
3.08
CL=22pF
tR (ns) tF (ns)
3.03
2.57
4.17
2.9
4.87
4.08
CL=33pF
tR (ns) tF (ns)
3.82
3.17
4.86
3.68
5.89
4.6
CL=47pF
tR (ns) tF (ns)
4.86
4.02
5.8
4.39
7.1
5.69
Driver = „Extra-sharp“; VDDP0 = 5.0V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
1.62
1.58
1.94
1.91
2.09
2.12
2.56
2.52
3.21
3.21
1.77
1.63
2.16
2.23
2.22
2.25
2.76
2.73
3.43
3.42
1.8
1.68
2.46
2.29
2.88
2.96
3.69
3.43
4.39
3.98
Driver = „Strong-sharp“; VDDP0 = 3.3V
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
TA (°C) tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
-40 4.38
4.73
5.06
5.39
6.34
5.9
7.36
6.46
9.29
7.7
+25 5.3
5.53
7.23
6.6
7.15
6.85
8.65
7.75
10.43
8.57
+125 6.2
6.05
8.06
7.46
9.27
8.38
10.8
9.24
12.48
10.34
Driver = „Strong-sharp“; VDDP0 = 5.0V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
2.63
3.49
3.55
3.76
3.99
4.15
4.64
4.83
5.64
5.62
3.29
3.81
4.33
4.63
4.42
4.6
5.15
5.33
6.58
6.53
3.99
4.47
5
5.23
5.91
5.93
7.38
7
8.62
7.72
Driver = „Strong-medium“; VDDP0 = 3.3V
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
TA (°C) tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
-40 9.85
9.49
10.45
10.2
11.55
11
12.26
11.6
14
13.06
+25 11.94 11.01
13.35
12.23
14.1
12.7
13.9
13.85
16.6
15.28
+125 13.6
13.05
16.24
14.6
18.19
16.24
19.2
16.86
20.46
17.85
Driver = „Strong-medium“; VDDP0 = 5.0V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
5.89
6.09
6.56
6.7
6.89
6.91
7.5
7.7
8.9
8.93
6.85
6.84
8.05
8.15
8.28
8.14
9.15
8.92
10.35
10.2
8.77
8.4
10.09
9.69
11.2
10.51
12.69
11.69
13.1
12.59
Application Note AP16120
14
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Driver = „Strong-soft“; VDDP0 = 3.3V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
13.7
13.7
14.8
15.02
16.38
16.34
16.6
16.4
19.06
17.66
16
15.44
17.9
18.08
18.75
18.55
19.7
19.5
21
20.63
18.62 18.42
21.58
21
24.15
21.91
26.84
24.6
25.49
24.86
Driver = „Strong-soft“; VDDP0 = 5.0V
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
TA (°C) tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
-40 8.08
8.49
8.97
9.26
9.3
9.7
9.94
10.49
11.2
11.47
+25 9.3
9.73
10.75
11
11.13
11.32
11.65
12.15
13
13.25
+125 11.92 11.73
13.9
12.92
14.91
14.49
16.6
15.59
17
16.2
Driver = „Medium“; VDDP0 = 3.3V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
21.6
25.4
25.4
27.05
28.29
30.55
31.56
34.06
37.8
38.24
25.86 29.2
32.1
34.7
33.9
35.5
38.1
38.95
42.13
42.68
30.6
34.24
38.2
40.4
43.59
45.15
49.04
49.24
54.12
51.24
Driver = „Medium“; VDDP0 = 5.0V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
14.2
17.25
16.41
19.32
18.34
20.66
20.89
23.31
24.99
27.29
16.01 18.8
22
23.73
21.3
23.47
24.6
26.8
29
30.8
20.8
23.29
24.73
27.8
28
31
32.6
35.19
36.09
37.89
Driver = „Weak“; VDDP0 = 3.3V
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
TA (°C) tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
-40 121
278.64 137.6
276.92 145.68 279.69 161.09 290.13 187.25 314.9
+25 142
312.46 169.15 334.5
174.9
348.37 197.95 357.5
219.2
349.88
+125 163
370.44 195.92 393.11 216.67 425.59 247.04 436.91 266
432.24
Driver = „Weak“; VDDP0 = 5.0V
TA (°C)
-40
+25
+125
CL=10pF
CL=15pF
CL=22pF
CL=33pF
CL=47pF
tR (ns)
tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns)
75.01 137.61 90.41
148
93
147.41 103.61 150.1
120.21 170.2
85.21 154.93 108
175.4
108.85 173.25 125.5
185.45 141.05 203.1
108.2 193.69 126.21 214.6
142.59 223.61 163.21 243.09 174.4
246.21
Table 4: Measured rise/fall times
Application Note AP16120
15
V1.1, 2007-10
Application Note AP16120
16
Mode [Driver, Load]
pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF
10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47
XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME WE WE WE WE WE
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Rise Time -40°
Fall Time -40°
Rise Time 25°
Fall Time 25°
Rise Time 125°
Fall Time 125°
4.1.3
450
500
Rise and Fall Timings; 3.3V
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Rise/fall time diagrams
Figure 10: Rise/fall time values for all driver settings at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise, Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
17
Mode [Driver, Load]
pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF
10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47
XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME WE WE WE WE WE
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Rise Fall Timeings; 5.0V
Rise Time -40°
Fall Time -40°
Rise Time 25°
Fall Time 25°
Rise Time 125°
Fall Time 125°
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 11: Rise/fall time values for all driver settings at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise, Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
18
10
Mode [Driver, Load]
pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF
2
1
3
4
1
1
2
3
4
1
1
2
3
4
4
2
3
4
1
1
3
1
1
2
XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Rise Fall Timing; 3.3V
Rise Time -40°
Fall Time -40°
Rise Time 25°
Fall Time 25°
Rise Time 125
Fall Time 125°
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 12: Rise/fall time values for all but weak driver settings at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise, Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
19
10
Mode [Driver, Load]
pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
3
4
1
4
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
4
3
1
2
1
XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Rise Fall Timings; 5.0V
Rise Time -40°
Fall Time -40°
Rise Time 25°
Fall Time 25°
Rise Time 125°
Fall Time 125°
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 13: Rise/fall time values for all but weak driver settings at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise, Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-40
-20
0
40
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
20
80
100
Extra Strong Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V
120
XS 10 pF Rise Time
XS 10 pF Fall Time
XS 15 pF Rise Time
XS 15 pF Fall Time
XS 22 pF Rise Time
XS 22 pF Fall Time
XS 33 pF Rise Time
XS 33 pF Fall Time
XS 47 pF Rise Time
XS 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 14: Rise/fall time values for extra-strong driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
21
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Extra Strong Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V
120
XS 10 pF Rise Time
XS 10 pF Fall Time
XS 15 pF Rise Time
XS 15 pF Fall Time
XS 22 pF Rise Time
XS 22 pF Fall Time
XS 33 pF Rise Time
XS 33 pF Fall Time
XS 47 pF Rise Time
XS 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 15: Rise/fall time values for extra-strong driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
22
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
120
Strong Driver - Sharp Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V
SH 10 pF Rise Time
SH 10 pF Fall Time
SH 15 pF Rise Time
SH 15 pF Fall Time
SH 22 pF Rise Time
SH 22 pF Fall Time
SH 33 pF Rise Time
SH 33 pF Fall Time
SH 47 pF Rise Time
SH 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 16: Rise/fall time values for strong-sharp driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
23
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
120
Strong Driver - Sharp Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V
SH 10 pF Rise Time
SH 10 pF Fall Time
SH 15 pF Rise Time
SH 15 pF Fall Time
SH 22 pF Rise Time
SH 22 pF Fall Time
SH 33 pF Rise Time
SH 33 pF Fall Time
SH 47 pF Rise Time
SH 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 17: Rise/fall time values for strong-sharp driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
24
0
5
10
15
20
25
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
120
Strong Driver - Medium Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V
SM 10 pF Rise Time
SM 10 pF Fall Time
SM 15 pF Rise Time
SM 15 pF Fall Time
SM 22 pF Rise Time
SM 22 pF Fall Time
SM 33 pF Rise Time
SM 33 pF Fall Time
SM 47 pF Rise Time
SM 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 18: Rise/fall time values for strong-medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
120
Strong Driver - Medium Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V
SM 10 pF Rise Time
SM 10 pF Fall Time
SM 15 pF Rise Time
SM 15 pF Fall Time
SM 22 pF Rise Time
SM 22 pF Fall Time
SM 33 pF Rise Time
SM 33 pF Fall Time
SM 47 pF Rise Time
SM 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 19: Rise/fall time values for strong-medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Strong Driver - Soft Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V
120
SO 10 pF Rise Time
SO 10 pF Fall Time
SO 15 pF Rise Time
SO 15 pF Fall Time
SO 22 pF Rise Time
SO 22 pF Fall Time
SO 33 pF Rise Time
SO 33 pF Fall Time
SO 47 pF Rise Time
SO 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 20: Rise/fall time values for strong-soft driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
27
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Strong Driver - Soft Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V
120
SO 10 pF Rise Time
SO 10 pF Fall Time
SO 15 pF Rise Time
SO 15 pF Fall Time
SO 22 pF Rise Time
SO 22 pF Fall Time
SO 33 pF Rise Time
SO 33 pF Fall Time
SO 47 pF Rise Time
SO 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 21: Rise/fall time values for strong-soft driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Medium Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V
120
ME 10 pF Rise Time
ME 10 pF Fall Time
ME 15 pF Rise Time
ME 15 pF Fall Time
ME 22 pF Rise Time
ME 22 pF Fall Time
ME 33 pF Rise Time
ME 33 pF Fall Time
ME 47 pF Rise Time
ME 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 22: Rise/fall time values for medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
29
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Medium Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V
120
ME 10 pF Rise Time
ME 10 pF Fall Time
ME 15 pF Rise Time
ME 15 pF Fall Time
ME 22 pF Rise Time
ME 22 pF Fall Time
ME 33 pF Rise Time
ME 33 pF Fall Time
ME 47 pF Rise Time
ME 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 23: Rise/fall time values for medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
30
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V
120
WE 10 pF Rise Time
WE 10 pF Fall Time
WE 15 pF Rise Time
WE 15 pF Fall Time
WE 22 pF Rise Time
WE 22 pF Fall Time
WE 33 pF Rise Time
WE 33 pF Fall Time
WE 47 pF Rise Time
WE 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 24: Rise/fall time values for weak driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
Application Note AP16120
31
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-40
-20
0
20
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
100
Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V
120
WE 10 pF Rise Time
WE 10 pF Fall Time
WE 15 pF Rise Time
WE 15 pF Fall Time
WE 22 pF Rise Time
WE 22 pF Fall Time
WE 33 pF Rise Time
WE 33 pF Fall Time
WE 47 pF Rise Time
WE 47 pF Fall Time
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 25: Rise/fall time values for weak driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V
V1.1, 2007-10
Rise/Fall Time [ns]
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
5
Measured Electromagnetic Emission
In addition to signal integrity, the scaling of pad drivers helps to reduce electromagnetic emission
(EME) caused by switching output pins. This is because slower signal edges produce less high
frequency contents in the emission spectra.
The following rule should be obeyed when selecting pad driver strength:
Use the weakest/slowest driver setting which provides the required signal timing at worst-case
operating conditions.
Worst-case operating conditions wrt. timing are:
-
maximal ambient temperature (+125°C)
-
minimal pad supply voltage (3.3V)
-
realistic capacitive output load (consider trace length and structure, receiver input loads)
-
weak driver settings
Worst-case operating conditions wrt. electromagnetic emission are:
-
minimal ambient temperature (-40°C)
-
maximal pad supply voltage (5.0V)
-
extra-strong driver settings
To illustrate the benefits of driver scaling for low EME, some sample measurement results are
provided.
The measurements have been performed under the following operating conditions:
EXTCLK (Port 2.8) is toggling at maximal possible data rate of selected driver with capacitive loads
of 10pF and 47pF.
All other I/Os are inactive.
The core is running in idle loop.
Conducted emission is measured at pad supply (VDDP0) according to chapter 5.1.1.
Radiated emission is measured in mini-TEM cell according to chapter 5.1.2.
5.1
Description of test equipment
5.1.1
Conducted
emission
configuration
test
Conducted emission is measured using the
standardized 150Ω network, see Fig. 26.
This network is used for both port and power
supply emission measurements. The
frequency range is from 150kHz to
1000MHz.
For reference purpose, only the emission
measured on the supply domains VDDP0 is
documented. Emission reduction can be
observed in a similar way on other power
supply domains and on passive (i.e. nonswitching) pad pins.
150Ω networks are provided for conducted
emission measurements according IEC
61967 part 4 and BISS emission test
specification.
Figure 26: Conducted emission probing points
Application Note AP16120
32
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
5.1.2
Radiated emission test configuration
Radiated emission is measured using the standard Mini TEM Cell according IEC 61967 part 2 and
BISS emission test specification. The frequency range is from 150kHz to 1000MHz.
Figure 27: Radiated emission test setup
5.1.3
Instruments and software for emission data recognition
Spectrum analyzer:
Rohde & Schwarz FSP7
Detector type:
Peak detector
Pre-Amplifier:
internal
Measurement time:
For all measurements, the emission measurement time (10ms) at one
frequency is longer than the test software loop duration.
Data generation software:
Rohde&Schwarz EMIPAK 9950
Environment:
temperature 23°C ±5°C
Supply:
nominal voltage ±5%
Spectrum Analyzer
TEM
150 Ω
Frequency range
RBW
150 kHz
to
30 MHz
30 MHz
to
200 MHz
200 MHz
to
1000 MHz
Sweep time*
ts =
10kHz
NP ⋅ LT ⋅ FR
RBW
Table 5: Spectrum analyzer settings for EME measurements
*) NP=number of points; LT=loop time; FR=frequency range
Application Note AP16120
33
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
5.2
Emission test result discussion
The detailled measured emission spectra are given in Annex B.
The comparison diagrams in Fig. 28 to 33 explain typical trends and benefits when using pad driver
scaling. Pin EXTCLK (Port 2.8) is toggling at different data rates which have been selected according
the driver capability wrt. to driver scaling, driver supply voltage VDDP0, external load and
temperature. In all cases the external load was 10pF. All emission measurements have been
performed on the XC2267/XC2287.
The system clock frequency has been selected to be identical to the EXTCLK clock rate in case the
latter one is above or equal to 20MHz. For lower EXTCLK clk rates, the system clock frequency stays
at 20MHz. The data rates vary from 66MHz (EXTRA-STRONG driver) down to 500kHz (WEAK
driver). Emissions are measured either directly on VDDP0 (conducted. Shown are the peak envelope
lines which connect all peak emission values of the clock rate harmonics.
Fig. 28 compares the conducted electromagnetic emission caused by all 6 driver settings which is
visible on the VDDP0 net. The driver supply voltage VDDP0 is 5.0V.
Weak and medium driver settings cause no significant emission. All stronger settings need to be
used with care and only where necessary because up to more than 30dB increased emission of the
application must be anticipated when using strong driver settings.
dBµV
COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var.
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz
STRONG-SOFT 20MHz
MEDIUM 2MHz
WEAK 500kHz
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 28: Conducted emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/5.0V
Fig. 29 compares the radiated electromagnetic emission caused by all 6 driver settings. The driver
supply voltage VDDP0 is 5.0V.
Generally the radiated emission levels stay below the conducted emission levels by roughly 10dB in
the base frequency range. From ca. 200MHz to 500MHz, the TEM cell radiation is slightly higher than
the conducted one. Above 500MHz the two emission types arre comparable. Beside these facts, the
same observations and recommendations as for conducted emission hold true. Weak and medium
driver settings cause no significant emission. All stronger settings need to be used with care and only
where necessary because up to more than 30dB increased emission of the application must be
anticipated when using strong driver settings.
Application Note AP16120
34
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var.
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz
STRONG-SOFT 20MHz
MEDIUM 2MHz
WEAK 500kHz
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 29: Radiated emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/5.0V
If the pad operating voltage VDDP0 is reduced from 5.0V to 3.3V, the conducted and radiated
emissions drop down by roughly 6-10dB, as it is shown in Fig. 30 for conducted and in Fig. 31 for
radiated emission.
dBµV
COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var.
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz
STRONG-SOFT 10MHz
MEDIUM 2MHz
WEAK 500kHz
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 30: Conducted emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V
Application Note AP16120
35
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var.
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz
STRONG-SOFT 10MHz
MEDIUM 2MHz
WEAK 500kHz
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 31: Radiated emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V
Fig. 32 and 33 compare the emission peaks of 5.0V and 3.3V driver operation, indicating a roughly 610dB benefit for the reduced VDDP0 voltage.
dBµV
COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=var., Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var.
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 5.0V
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 5.0V
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 5.0V
STRONG-SOFT 20MHz 5.0V
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 3.3V
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 3.3V
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 3.3V
STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 3.3V
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 32: Conducted emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V and 5.0V
Application Note AP16120
36
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=var., Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var.
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 5.0V
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 5.0V
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 5.0V
STRONG-SOFT 20MHz 5.0V
EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 3.3V
STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 3.3V
STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 3.3V
STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 3.3V
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 33: Radiated emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V and 5.0V
Conclusions:
Generally all strong driver settings (strong-soft, strong-medium, strong-sharp and extra-strong) lead
to considerable emission. Consequently, all “low-rate” signals up to ca. 2MHz should be driven by
medium or weak drivers. All “high-rate” signals above ca. 2MHz require strong driver settings in order
to achieve good signal integrity. Nevertheless, the slowest slew rate which provides sufficient signal
integrity should be selected. Up to ca. 10MHz, this is the strong-soft setting. Strong-medium and
above settings should only be used in exceptional cases when a fast system clock needs to be driven
across the system board or a high-speed memory bus is operated. Detailed selection diagrams for
the recommended driver settings depending on given data rates are provided in Chapter 6.
Application Note AP16120
37
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
6
Recommended Settings for Signal Categories
6.1
General
In the previous chapters, many detailed data was provided for the impact of driver settings and load
capacitance on the resulting rise and fall times as well as on conducted and radiated emission.
Generally, the required signal integrity determines the selection of driver strength and slew rate for a
given toggle rate and capacitive load. However, due to the simultaneous impact on electromagnetic
emission, the weakest possible driver setting which still meets the signal integrity should be chosen.
To decide for the proper pad driver settings for a signal, its electrical characteristics should be
considered. This leads to the definition of signal categories by means of clock or data transfer (AC
view) or current driving capability (DC view). According to these views, any signal can be classified
as shown in Table 6.
Signal category
Clock rate
Capacitive load
DC driving capability
System clock
>20MHz
10 … 50 pF
n/a
High-speed data line
5 … 20 MHz
10 … 50 pF
n/a
Low-speed data line
0.5 … 5 MHz
10 … 50 pF
n/a
Low-speed control line
<1 MHz
<20 pF
n/a
High-current control line
n/a
n/a
10 … 30 mA
Medium-current control line
n/a
n/a
1 … 10 mA
Low-current control line
n/a
n/a
<1 mA
Table 6: Signal categories
The following settings for pad output drivers are available, see also Table 7:
•
extra-strong driver / no edge configuration available
•
strong driver / sharp edge
•
strong driver / medium edge
•
strong driver / soft edge
•
medium driver / no edge configuration available
•
weak driver / no edge configuration available
Driver
configuration
Edge
configuration
Signal category
Capacitive
Load
DC Current 1)
EXTRA-STRONG
none
System clock >40MHz
High
n/a
STRONG
SHARP
System clock >20MHz
Medium
2.5 / 10 mA
STRONG
MEDIUM
System clock
Low
2.5 / 10 mA
High-speed data lines
High
High-speed data lines
Low
High-current control lines
All
Low-speed data lines
All
Medium-current control lines
All
Very low-speed control lines
All
Low-current control line
All
STRONG
MEDIUM
WEAK
SOFT
none
none
2.5 / 10 mA
1.0 / 4.0 mA
0.1 / 0.5 mA
Table 7: Recommended Output Driver Settings
Application Note AP16120
38
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Note 1) in Table 7: Two values are given for the DC current of GPIO pins in the format “nominal /
max mA”. The “max mA” value can only be drawn from a pin if maximal 2 other pins in the same 16bit port group are also driving this maximum current. This restriction is due to danger of
electromigration damage.
The following parameters determine the final selection of driver settings:
6.2
•
signal performance category (AC and DC)
•
maximal temperature
•
maximal acceptable electromagnetic emission
Decision Tables and Graphs
Following the recommendations given above, the driver setting selection should be based on (1)
proper signal integrity and (2) minimal electromagnetic emission. Since electromagnetic emission
increases with stronger driver settings, the weakest driver and slew rate settings should be selected
that are able to force the rise/fall times required for the desired signal integrity.
This chapter offers decision numbers in table and graphical format for proper driver settings at
maximum clock or data rates expected to be driven. The rise/fall times occupy 1/6th of the clock
period each, see Fig. 34 on top. Alternatively, the rise/fall times occupy 1/4th of the clock period
each, see Fig. 34 on bottom.
U
90%
T/6
T
T/6
10%
t
U
90%
T/4
T
T/4
10%
t
Figure 34: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period
Please note that all values given in this chapter are proposals for system application designers using
Infineon XC2200 microcontrollers in 0.13µm CMOS technology. They are based on timing
measurements performed on center lot devices. Thus all values are subject to less than 10% offset
depending according fabrication process variation. Additionally, pad supply voltages different from
nominal conditions impact the resulting timing. The finally selected driver setting should consider
these facts.
Application Note AP16120
39
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Fig. 35 shows an example of a decision graph.
Figure 35: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period
The title of each diagram indicates the conditions (Edge/Voltage/Temperature) for the shown values:
Edge is either “T/4” (meaning the rise time and the fall time take each 1/4 of the data rate period) or
“T/6” (meaning the rise time and the fall time take each 1/6 of the data rate period).
Voltage indicates the I/O pad supply voltage VDDP0 and is either “3.3V” or “5.0V”.
Temperature indicates the ambient temperature and is either “125°C”, “110°C”, “85°C”, “70°C”,
“25°C” or “-40°C”.
The maximal clock/data rate to meet good signal integrity is given in [MHz] for capacitive loads of 10,
15, 22, 33, 47 pF and driver selections of weak, medium, strong soft/medium/sharp/extra-strong. In
Fig. 35, the resulting maximum data rates for the strong-medium driver are marked with red circles:
If the strong-medium driver is loaded with 10pF (which means actually 13pF including the
oscilloscope probe load) it is capable to drive a clean 37MHz signal (under the above mentioned
edge/voltage/temperature conditions).
An 18pF load (15+3pF) can be driven at 31MHz.
A 25pF load (22+3pF) can be driven at 30MHz.
A 36pF load (33+3pF) can be driven at 28MHz.
A 50pF load (47+3pF) can be driven at 26MHz.
Application Note AP16120
40
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Other examples from Fig. 35:
A 20MHz signal can be driven up to ca. 30pF load by a strong-soft driver. At 50pF, a strong-medium
driver is required. Of course a strong-medium or even a stronger driver can be selected for 20MHz at
20pF, but this causes unnecessarily high electromagnetic emission and should be avoided.
General rule: Select always the weakest possible driver which is able to toggle the maximal desired
data rate at the given external load, supply voltage and temperature.
The capability of the weak driver stays below 1MHz for all loads. Exact values are not resolved
sufficiently in the diagrams; the exact values must be taken from Tables 8 and 9, as described below.
The rise/fall times occupy 1/6th of the clock period each, see Fig. 34 on top. This relation should be
acceptable for most interface signals and protocols.
Tables 8 and 9 give an overview of the maximal toggle rates in [MHz] for all driver settings (WEA =
weak, MED = medium, SSO = strong-soft, SME = strong-medium, SSH =strong-sharp, XST = extrastrong) connected to capacitive loads of 10, 15, 22, 33, and 47 pF. Each ambient temperature is
marked by its own color. According to the microcontroller specification or marking, one of the
following maximum temperatures should apply: 125°C, 110°C, 85°C, 70°C. The other temperatures,
25°C and -40°C, are given for reference only.
In Table 8, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/6th of the clock period, see Fig. 34 on top. In
Table 9, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/4th of the clock period, see Fig. 34 on bottom.
Fig. 36-59 show the values of Tables 9 and 10 in the graphical representation explained in Fig. 35,
separated by ambient temperatures and driver types. In the respective titles, “16% Edges” stands for
rise/fall times occupying 1/6th of the clock period; “25% Edges” stands for rise/fall times occupying
1/4th of the clock period.
If other than 1/4 or 1/6 rise/fall times are intended, the values of either Table 9 or Table 10 must be
taken and extrapolated. Example: Rise and fall time should be each 1/10 of the data rate. We are
interested in a data rate of 10MHz at 15pF with VDDP0=3.3V, TA=85°C. Fetch the values from Table
8 and multiply them by 6/10=0.6 or fetch the values from Table 9 and multiply them by 4/10=0.4. The
resulting values for 1/10 edge are shown in Table 8.
DRIVER
1/4 EDGE
1/6 EDGE
1/10 EDGE
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
58,71
32,44
16,73
12,48
6,59
0,681
39,14
21,23
11,15
8,32
4,4
0,454
23,484
12,976
6,692
4,992
2,636
0,2724
Table 8: Calculated max. data rate [MHz] for 1/10 edges
Application Note AP16120
41
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
5V
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
46,04
26,88
12,25
8,95
4,87
0,5
3,3V
15
22
37,45 34,22
20,68 17,98
10,26
9,16
7,72
6,9
4,13
3,69
0,424 0,392
33
28,3
15,43
8,68
6,21
3,38
0,381
47
23,47
13,35
8,15
6,54
3,08
0,385
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
50,29
27,37
12,51
9,17
4,99
0,462
15
38,08
21,03
10,6
7,95
4,23
0,435
22
35,08
18,78
9,56
7,2
3,84
0,405
33
29,2
16,01
9,18
6,55
3,52
0,364
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
57,38
28,18
12,94
9,54
5,2
0,483
15
39,14
21,23
11,15
8,32
4,4
0,454
22
36,52
20,11
10,23
7,7
4,09
0,426
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
61,64
28,67
13,19
9,76
5,33
0,496
15
39,77
21,98
11,48
8,55
4,5
0,465
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
74,4
30,14
13,96
10,42
5,71
0,533
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
82,1
35,24
16,92
12,17
6,56
0,598
125°C
110°C
85°C
70°C
25°C
-40°C
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
92,59
37,29
19
13,98
7,16
0,86
15
67,75
31,87
16,52
11,99
6
0,777
22
56,31
28,11
14,88
11,18
5,38
0,745
33
45,17
22,58
13,13
10,04
4,74
0,686
47
37,97
19,33
12,72
9,8
4,4
0,677
47
24,26
13,75
8,43
6,75
3,2
0,399
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
92,83
38,25
19,8
14,45
7,41
0,893
15
68,8
32,49
17,11
12,46
6,15
0,803
22
58,97
29,32
15,67
11,71
5,64
0,778
33
47,45
23,89
13,9
10,59
4,96
0,786
47
39,56
20,23
13,23
10,22
4,55
0,698
33
30,7
16,97
10
7,11
3,74
0,335
47
25,58
14,4
8,9
7,1
3,41
0,422
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
93,22
39,87
21,13
15,24
7,84
0,947
15
70,55
33,52
18,09
13,25
6,41
0,846
22
63,41
31,36
16,98
12,6
6,07
0,832
33
51,25
26,06
15,17
11,51
5,33
0,953
47
42,22
21,73
14,07
10,91
4,8
0,734
22
37,38
20,91
10,62
7,99
4,24
0,439
33
31,59
17,54
10,5
7,45
3,88
0,428
47
26,37
14,8
9,19
7,31
3,53
0,436
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
93,46
40,84
21,93
15,71
8,1
0,979
15
71,59
34,14
18,68
13,73
6,56
0,872
22
66,08
32,58
17,77
13,13
6,33
0,865
33
53,54
27,36
15,93
12,06
5,55
0,803
47
43,81
22,63
14,58
11,33
4,96
0,756
15
41,67
23,05
12,48
9,22
4,8
0,498
22
39,97
23,31
11,82
8,89
4,69
0,478
33
34,29
19,27
11,99
8,46
4,28
0,466
47
28,74
15,98
10,04
7,94
3,91
0,476
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
94,16
43,74
24,33
17,13
8,87
1,076
15
74,74
36
20,45
15,15
7,02
0,95
22
74,07
36,23
20,13
14,72
7,1
0,962
33
60,39
31,27
18,21
13,72
6,22
0,899
47
48,59
25,33
16,1
12,58
5,41
0,821
15
65,88
30,92
15,95
11,1
6,16
0,601
22
55,01
26,29
14,43
10,18
5,46
0,596
33
43,63
22,64
13,59
10,04
4,89
0,574
47
34,29
17,94
11,9
8,74
4,36
0,529
10
XST 102,88
SSH 47,76
SME 27,67
SSO 19,63
MED
9,66
WEA 1,211
15
82,91
44,33
24,88
18
8,63
1,126
22
78,62
40,16
24,12
17,18
8,07
1,131
33
65,1
34,51
21,65
15,89
7.15
1,11
47
51,92
29,55
18,66
14,53
6,11
0,979
Table 9: Maximum toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 10..47 pF; 16% Edges
Application Note AP16120
42
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
5V
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
69,06
40,32
18,28
13,43
7,3
0,675
3,3V
15
22
56,18 51,33
31,02 26,07
15,39 13,74
11,58 10,35
6,19
5,54
0,636 0,587
33
52,44
23,15
13,02
9,31
5,08
0,572
47
35,21
20,03
12,22
9,81
4,62
0,578
10
15
XST 138,89 101,61
SSH 55,93
47,8
SME 28,51 24,78
SSO 20,97 17,99
MED 10,73
8,99
WEA 1,291 1,165
22
84,46
42,16
22,32
16,77
8,06
1,118
33
67,75
33,88
19,7
15,06
7,1
1,028
47
56,95
29
19,08
14,71
6,6
1,015
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
75,44
41,06
18,77
13,76
7,49
0,694
15
57,13
31,55
15,89
11,92
6,34
0,653
22
52,63
28,17
14,34
10,8
5,76
0,607
33
43,79
24,01
13,77
9,82
5,28
0,546
47
36,4
20,62
12,65
10,12
4,81
0,599
10
XST 139,24
SSH 57,48
SME
29,7
SSO 21,68
MED 11,12
WEA 1,339
15
103,2
48,73
25,66
18,7
9,22
1,204
22
88,46
43,99
23,5
17,56
8,45
1,167
33
71,18
35,83
20,84
15,89
7,44
1,191
47
59,34
30,35
19,84
15,33
6,83
1,048
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
86,08
42,28
19,4
14,31
7,81
0,725
15
58,71
32,44
16,73
12,48
6,59
0,681
22
54,78
30,17
15,34
11,54
6,14
0,64
33
46,04
25,45
15,01
10,66
5,61
0,503
47
38,37
21,61
13,36
10,65
5,11
0,633
10
15
XST 139,83 105,82
SSH
59,8
50,28
SME
31,7
27,14
SSO 22,86 19,88
MED 11,76
9,61
WEA 1,42
1,269
22
95,12
47,03
25,47
18,89
9,1
1,248
33
76,88
39,09
22,75
17,27
7,99
1,462
47
63,32
32,6
21,11
16,37
7,21
1,102
XST
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
10
92,46
43,01
19,79
14,64
7,99
0,744
15
59,66
32,98
17,23
12,82
6,75
0,697
22
56,07
31,37
15,94
11,99
6,36
0,659
33
47,39
26,31
15,75
11,17
5,81
0,642
47
39,55
22,2
13,78
10,96
5,3
0,653
10
15
XST 140,18 107,39
SSH 61,26 51,21
SME
32,9
28,02
SSO 23,57 20,59
MED 12,14
9,84
WEA 1,468 1,308
22
99,12
48,86
26,65
19,69
9,49
1,297
33
80,31
41,04
23,89
18,09
8,33
1,204
47
65,71
33,95
21,87
17
7,43
1,134
25°C
10
XST 111,61
SSH 45,21
SME 20,94
SSO 15,63
MED
8,56
WEA
0,8
15
62,5
34,58
18,73
13,83
7,2
0,747
22
59,95
34,97
17,73
13,33
7,04
0,718
33
51,44
28,9
17,99
12,69
6,42
0,699
47
43,1
23,97
15,06
11,9
5,86
0,715
10
15
22
XST 141,24 112,11 111,11
SSH 65,62
54
54,35
SME
36,5
30,67 30,19
SSO 25,63 22,73 22,08
MED
13,3
10,54 10,65
WEA 1,614 1,425 1,443
33
90,58
46,9
27,32
20,58
9,33
1,348
47
72,89
37,99
24,15
18,87
8,12
1,231
-40°C
10
XST 123,15
SSH 52,85
SME 25,38
SSO 18,25
MED
9,84
WEA 0,897
15
98,81
46,38
23,92
16,64
9,24
0,903
22
82,51
39,43
21,64
15,26
8,18
0,894
33
65,45
33,97
20,39
15,06
7,34
0,862
47
51,44
26,19
17,86
13,12
6,54
0,794
10
15
22
XST 154,32 128,87 117,92
SSH 71,63 66,49 60,24
SME 41,05 37,31 36,18
SSO 29,45
27
25,77
MED 14,49 12,94
12,1
WEA 1,867 1,689 1,656
33
97,66
51,76
32,47
23,83
10,73
1,666
47
77,88
44,33
28
21,8
9,16
1,469
125°C
110°C
85°C
70°C
Table 10: Maximum toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 10..47pF; 25% edges
Application Note AP16120
43
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 125°C
70
65
60
55
65-70
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
Frequency [MHz]
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 36: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 110°C
80
75
70
65
75-80
70-75
65-70
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
60
Frequency [MHz]
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 37: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP16120
44
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 85°C
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
60
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 38: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 70°C
100
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 39: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP16120
45
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 25°C
120
110
100
Frequency [MHz]
90
80
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 40: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) -40°C
130
120
110
100
Frequency [MHz]
90
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 41: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP16120
46
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 125°C
140
130
120
110
130-140
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
Frequency [MHz]
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 42: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 110°C
140
130
120
110
130-140
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
Frequency [MHz]
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 43: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP16120
47
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 85°C
140
130
120
110
130-140
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
Frequency [MHz]
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 44: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 70°C
150
140
130
120
140-150
130-140
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
Frequency [MHz]
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 45: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP16120
48
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 25°C
150
140
130
120
140-150
130-140
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
Frequency [MHz]
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 46: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) -40°C
160
150
140
130
120
Frequency [MHz]
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
150-160
140-150
130-140
120-130
110-120
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 47: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP16120
49
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 125°C
50
45
40
Frequency [MHz]
35
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 48: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 110°C
55
50
45
Frequency [MHz]
40
35
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 49: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Application Note AP16120
50
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 85°C
60
55
50
Frequency [MHz]
45
40
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 50: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 70°C
65
60
55
50
Frequency [MHz]
45
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 51: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Application Note AP16120
51
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 25°C
75
70
65
60
70-75
65-70
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
Frequency [MHz]
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 52: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) -40°C
85
80
75
70
65
Frequency [MHz]
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
80-85
75-80
70-75
65-70
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 53: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Application Note AP16120
52
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 125°C
100
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 54: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 110°C
100
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 55: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Application Note AP16120
53
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 85°C
100
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 56: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 70°C
100
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 57: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Application Note AP16120
54
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 25°C
100
90
80
Frequency [MHz]
70
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 58: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) -40°C
110
100
90
Frequency [MHz]
80
70
100-110
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
XST
47
SSH
Driver
33
SME
SSO
22
MED
C load [pF]
15
WEA
10
Figure 59: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period
Application Note AP16120
55
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Page intentionally left blank.
Application Note AP16120
56
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Annex A: Measured rise/fall waveforms
Rise/fall timing diagrams are provided for selected EXTCLK driver settings and capacitive loads, as
listed in Table 11. These results have been summarized in Chapter 4. This Annex B shows all
measured timing diagrams for reference puposes.
Driver strength
Connected
physical
capacitor
Resulting load
capacitance
VDDP0 supply voltages
Ambient temperatures
Extra-strong
10pF
13 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Extra-strong
15 pF
18 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Extra-strong
22 pF
25 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Extra-strong
33 pF
36 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Extra-strong
47 pF
50 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-sharp
10pF
13 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-sharp
15 pF
18 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-sharp
22 pF
25 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-sharp
33 pF
36 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-sharp
47 pF
50 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-medium
10pF
13 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-medium
15 pF
18 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-medium
22 pF
25 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-medium
33 pF
36 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-medium
47 pF
50 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-soft
10pF
13 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-soft
15 pF
18 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-soft
22 pF
25 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-soft
33 pF
36 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Strong-soft
47 pF
50 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Medium
10pF
13 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Medium
15 pF
18 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Medium
22 pF
25 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Medium
33 pF
36 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Medium
47 pF
50 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Weak
10pF
13 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Weak
15 pF
18 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Weak
22 pF
25 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Weak
33 pF
36 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Weak
47 pF
50 pF
3.3V / 5.0V
-40°C / 25°C / 125°C
Table 11: List of all timing measurement conditions
Application Note AP16120
57
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Each of Fig. 61-96 contains 5 waveforms for a given driver strength, a given VDDP0 supply voltage
(3.3V, 5.0V) and a given ambient temperature (-40°C, 25°C, 125°C). Depending on these settings,
certain clock frequencies can be driven or not. The waveforms are measured at a data rate of
500kHz, which allows all driver settings to provide a good signal integrity at loads op to 50pF.
The 5 configurations shown in one figure are distributed as follows:
10pF Capacitive Load
15pF Capacitive Load
22pF Capacitive Load
33pF Capacitive Load
47pF Capacitive Load
Figure 60: General grouping of waveform configurations
Application Note AP16120
58
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 61: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
59
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 62: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
60
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 63: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
61
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 64: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
62
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 65: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
63
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 66: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
64
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 67: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
65
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 68: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
66
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 69: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
67
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 70: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
68
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 71: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
69
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 72: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
70
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 73: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
71
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 74: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
72
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 75: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
73
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 76: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
74
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 77: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
75
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 78: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
76
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 79: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
77
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 80: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
78
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 81: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
79
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 82: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
80
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 83: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
81
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 84: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
82
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 85: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
83
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 86: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
84
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 87: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
85
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 88: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
86
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 89: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
87
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 90: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
88
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 91: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
89
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 92: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
90
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 93: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
91
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 94: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
92
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 95: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
93
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Figure 96: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP16120
94
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Annex B: Measured emission spectra
Emission test result diagrams are provided for selected EXTCLK driver settings and capacitive loads,
according Table 12. These results have been discussed in Chapter 5 concerning the benefit of using
reduced driver settings and reduced pad supply voltage. This Annex B shows the measured emission
spectra for reference puposes.
EXTCLK Driver
Data Rate
Capacitive Load
VDDP Voltage
Test Setup
WEAK
500kHz
10pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
WEAK
500kHz
10pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
WEAK
500kHz
10pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
WEAK
500kHz
10pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
10pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
10pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
10pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
10pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
10pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
10pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
10pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
10pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
10MHz
10pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
10MHz
10pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
20MHz
10pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
20MHz
10pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SHARP
20MHz
10pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SHARP
20MHz
10pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SHARP
40MHz
10pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SHARP
40MHz
10pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
40MHz
10pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
40MHz
10pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
66MHz
10pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
66MHz
10pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
WEAK
500kHz
47pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
WEAK
500kHz
47pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
WEAK
500kHz
47pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
WEAK
500kHz
47pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
47pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
47pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
47pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
MEDIUM
2MHz
47pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
47pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
47pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
Application Note AP16120
95
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
47pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SOFT
10MHz
47pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
10MHz
47pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
10MHz
47pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
20MHz
47pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-MEDIUM
20MHz
47pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SHARP
20MHz
47pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SHARP
20MHz
47pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
STRONG-SHARP
40MHz
47pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
STRONG-SHARP
40MHz
47pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
40MHz
47pF
3.3V
Conducted Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
40MHz
47pF
3.3V
Radiated Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
66MHz
47pF
5.0V
Conducted Emission
EXTRA-STRONG
66MHz
47pF
5.0V
Radiated Emission
Table 12: List of emission measurements
Application Note AP16120
96
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 97: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 98: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
97
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 99: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 100: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
98
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 101: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 102: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
99
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 103: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 104: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
100
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 105: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 106: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
101
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 107: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 108: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
102
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 109: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 110: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
103
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 111: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 112: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
104
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 113: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 114: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
105
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 115: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 116: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
106
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 117: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 118: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
107
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 119: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 120: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
108
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 121: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=500kHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 122: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
109
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 123: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 124: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
110
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 125: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 126: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
111
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 127: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 128: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
112
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 129: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 130: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
113
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 131: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 132: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
114
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 133: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 134: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
115
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 135: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 136: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
116
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 137: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/20MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 138: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/20MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
117
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 139: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz /47pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 140: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
118
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 141: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/40MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 142: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/40MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
119
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
dBµV
XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0
fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 143: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted
dBµV
XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement
fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF
EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG"
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 144: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated
Application Note AP16120
120
V1.1, 2007-10
AP16120
Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes
Annex C: Glossary
Cload
Load Capacitor
di/dt
Ideal capacitive load connected to an output driver.
Dynamic current over time
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
The ability of an electrical device to
function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
environment (“Immunity”) without having an
impermissible effect on its environment (“Emission”).
EME
Electromagnetic Emission
EMC
EXTCLK
System Clock Output
Strong output driver for the system clock.
GND
Ground
Ground reference of the power supply.
PI
Power Integrity
Good PI means a clean power supply system which
is not polluted by switching noise.
SI
Signal Integrity
Good SI means proper signal waveform to fulfill the
required data communication.
TA
Ambient Temperature
Temperature in the direct environment of the IC.
tF
Fall Time
Time of the falling edge of a signal measured
between 10% and 90% of the high level.
tR
Rise Time
Time of the rising edge of a signal measured
between 10% and 90% of the high level.
VDD
Power supply voltage in general.
VDDI
Core supply voltage = 1.5V nominal.
VDDP0
Pad supply voltage = 5.0V or 3.3V nominal.
VSS
GND
Application Note AP16120
121
V1.1, 2007-10
http://www.infineon.com
Published by Infineon Technologies AG