Scalable PadsElectrical Specification of Scalable Output Drivers in 130nm CMOS Technology

Application Note, V1.1, September 2006
AP32111
Scalable Pads
Electrical Specification of Scalable
Output Drivers in 130nm CMOS
Technology
Valid for Microcontrollers:
TC1766, TC1767, TC1796, TC1797
Microcontrollers
Never stop thinking.
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Edition 2010-06
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 München, Germany
© Infineon Technologies AG 2006.
All Rights Reserved.
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Application Note AP32111
2
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Revision History:
2010-06
V1.1
Previous Version: none
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
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Added TC1767 & TC1797 to scope of appnote; valid for Audo-NG & Audo-Future
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Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Table of Contents
Page
1
Preface .............................................................................................................................. 5
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6
Pad driver scaling in detail................................................................................................. 6
Driver characteristics ...................................................................................................... 6
Edge Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 6
Physical basics .................................................................................................................. 7
Load charging................................................................................................................. 7
Signal integrity ................................................................................................................ 8
Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission.................................................................... 9
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
Measured Timings ........................................................................................................... 10
Load conditions and ambient temperatures..................................................................... 10
Measurement conditions used in this document .......................................................... 10
Measured rise and fall times......................................................................................... 11
Measured Rise/ Fall Time Waveforms ......................................................................... 13
4
Simulated Timings ........................................................................................................... 26
4.1
Simulated timings on selected PCB trace structures....................................................... 26
4.1.1
Description of structures............................................................................................... 26
4.1.2
Rise/fall time diagrams ................................................................................................. 27
4.1.2.1
Rise/fall times of driver/load settings, sorted by layout structures............................ 28
4.1.2.2
Influence of layout structures on rise/fall times ........................................................ 93
4.1.3
Rise/fall waveforms .................................................................................................... 102
5
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2
Measured Electromagnetic Emission ............................................................................ 121
Description of test equipment ........................................................................................ 121
Conducted emission test configuration....................................................................... 121
Radiated emission test configuration.......................................................................... 122
Instruments and software for emission data recognition ........................................... 122
Emission measurement results...................................................................................... 123
6
Simulated Electromagnetic Emission ............................................................................ 130
7
7.1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
Recommended settings for signal categories................................................................ 139
General .......................................................................................................................... 139
Decision Tables and Graphs ......................................................................................... 140
Measured values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply................................. 143
Simulated values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply................................. 151
Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply................................. 157
Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 2.5V supply................................. 163
8
Glossary......................................................................................................................... 169
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
1
Preface
Output driver scaling, also referred to as „slew rate control“, is an effective technique to reduce the
electromagnetic emission of an integrated circuit by reducing the driver strength and/or smoothing
the rising and falling edges of one or more pad output drivers.
Output driver scaling makes sense only when a certain margin regarding signal frequency and/or
capacitive output load is available. Any driver scaling must maintain proper signal integrity.
This application note presents a huge set of output driver characterization data which shall enable
the system designers to select proper driver settings to reduce the electromagnetic emission caused
by the driver switching while maintaining the desired signal integrity. Parameters under consideration
are switching frequency, capacitive output load and ambient temperature.
Chapter 2 introduces physical basics behind the scaling.
Chapter 3 provides a set of measured rise/fall times under various conditions.
Chapter 4 documents rise/fall time simulations performed on PCB models of different signal routing
structures.
Chapter 5 shows a set of measured electromagnetic emission under various conditions.
Chapter 6 shows a set of simulated electromagnetic emission under various conditions.
Chapter 7 recommends useful settings for the drivers by introducing signal categories and giving lots
of decision tables and graphs.
The application note ends with a glossary.
The information given in this application note is valid for Infineon Audo-NG and Audo-Future
microcontrollers of the TriCore family, fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology.
All measurement data are derived from a center lot device of the TC1796-BD step, using the same
pad library as all other Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers.
Please note that all numbers given in this application note are no specification values. They are
guaranteed by design without being monitored during the IC fabrication process. The numbers are
based on timing measurements performed on center lot devices. Thus all values are subject to ca.
10% offset depending on parameter variations like fabrication process and pad supply voltages
different from nominal conditions. The final selection of driver settings in system applications should
consider this offset.
General note: Whenever Class B2 drivers are referenced, the same data is valid for Class B1
drivers. Reason is that the physical designs of Class B1 and Class B2 drivers are similar.
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
2
Introduction
Output driver scaling, also referred to as „slew rate control“, is an effective technique to reduce the
electromagnetic emission of an integrated circuit by smoothing the rising and falling edges of one or
more pad output drivers. This scaling is introduced by setting corresponding control bits in registers.
Fig. 1 shows an example of a pad driver control register, taken from the XC161 specification. While
the location and function of the control bits may differ among the available Infineon microcontrollers,
the electrical effects caused by these bits remain similar for a given technology.
2.1
Pad driver scaling in detail
2.1.1
Driver characteristics
Basically, we distinguish between driver control and edge control. Driver control bits set the general
DC driving capability of the respective driver. Reducing the driver strength increases the output’s
internal resistance which attenuates noise
that is imported/exported via the output line.
For a given external load, charging and
discharging time varies with the driver
strength, thus the rise/fall times will change
accordingly. For driving LEDs or power
transistors, however, a stable high output
current may still be required independent of
low toggle rates which would normally allow
to decide for weak drivers due to their low
transitions and thus low noise emission.
The controllable output drivers of the
microcontroller pins feature three differently
sized transistors (strong, medium, and weak)
for each direction (push and pull). The time of
activating/deactivating
these
transistors
determines the output characteristics of the
respective port driver.
Figure 1: Pad output driver schematic
The strength of the driver can be selected to
adapt the driver characteristics to the application’s requirements:
In Strong Driver Mode, the medium and strong transistors are activated. In this mode the driver
provides maximum output current even after the target signal level is reached. Strong drivers are only
implemented in the Class A2/B2 drivers. Class A1 drivers offer only medium and weak drivers.
In Medium Driver Mode, only the
medium transistor is activated
while the other transistors remain
off.
In Weak Driver Mode, only the
weak transistor is activated while
the other transistors remain off.
This results in smooth transitions
with low current peaks (and
reduced susceptibility for noise)
on the cost of increased transition
times,
i.e.
slower
edges,
depending on the capacitive load,
and low static current.
2.1.2
Edge Characteristics
This defines the rise/fall time for
the respective output, i.e. the
output transition time. Soft edges
reduce the peak currents that are
drawn when changing the voltage
Application Note AP32111
Figure 2: Port output control bit settings
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
level of an external capacitive load.
For a bus interface, however, sharp
edges may still be required. Edge
characteristic effects the pre-driver
which controls the final output driver
stage.
The Port Output Control registers
Px_PDR provide the corresponding
control bits. A 4-bit control field
configures the driver strength and the
edge shape. Word ports consume
four control nibbles each, byte ports
consume two control nibbles each,
where each control nibble controls 4
pins of the respective port. Fig. 2
shows the allocation of control bit
fields and port pins. Fig. 3 gives an
example of a Px_PDR register.
In this guideline, the scaling effects of
Figure 3: Control register example for Port0
output drivers fabricated in 130nm
CMOS technology is described. It
serves as a reference addendum to the respective microcontroller product specifications where the
individual bit settings can be found.
2.2
Physical basics
Two main constraints have to be met when deciding for a certain clock driver setting: signal integrity
and power integrity. Both issues will be discussed after a general introduction to capacitive load
charging.
Load charging
Charging Voltage and Current at 40pF Load
4
0,14
3,5
0,12
3
0,1
2,5
0,08
2
0,06
1,5
Current [A]
Generally, a switching transistor
output stage delivers charge to its
corresponding load capacitor during
rising edge and draws charge from
its load capacitor during falling
edge. Timing diagrams normally
show the signal’s voltage over time
characteristics.
However,
the
resulting timing is a result of the
electrical charge transfer described
above. Charge is transferred by
flowing current.
Voltage [V]
2.2.1
0,04
A bigger pad driver means a smaller
1
resistance in the loading path of the
0,02
0,5
external load. Fig. 4 shows the load
current and voltage of two examples
0
0
of pad drivers connected to a load of
-2,0E-09
0,0E+00
2,0E-09
4,0E-09
6,0E-09
8,0E-09
1,0E-08
C=40pF. The strong driver has on
Time [s]
output resistance of 25Ω, the weak
driver 50Ω. For times t<0, the output
Voltage R=50Ohm
Voltage R=25Ohm
voltage is 0V. At t=0, the load
Current R=50Ohm
Current R=25Ohm
capacitor C is connected to the
target output voltage U=3.3V via the
Figure 4: Current-/voltage charging curves for
respective driver pullup transistor.
different driver strengths
As a reaction, the load current steps
immediately to the value I=U/R. I is bigger for smaller values of R. This means that the strong driver
generates a bigger current jump and charges the load capacitor in a shorter time.
In time domain this leads to bigger reflections for not adapted driver impedances. Since typical trace
impedances range from 60 to 120Ω , a strong driver with Z=10Ω is poorly adapted and may cause
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
big
voltage
overand
undershoots. A weak driver with
Z=100Ω may fit perfectly and
generate a clean voltage switching
signal
without
overor
undershoots. These effects are
discussed in chapter 2.2.2.
Not
only
the
pad
driver
impedance,
but
also
the
connected
capacitive
load
determines the electromagnetic
emission amplitudes. Fig. 5
illustrates the differences in
charging current and voltage
between a capacitive load of 40pF
and one of 20pF. In both cases,
the driver impedance is set to
50Ω.
4
0,14
3,5
0,12
3
0,1
2,5
0,08
2
0,06
1,5
Current [A]
Voltage [V]
In frequency domain, the current
peak which is resulting from the
charging of the load capacitor and
from the over- or undershoots,
causes significant RF energy and
thus electromagnetic emission on
the pad power supply. These
effects are discussed in chapter
2.2.3.
Charging Voltage and Current at 50Ohm Driver Impedance
0,04
1
0,02
0,5
0
-2,0E-09
0,0E+00
2,0E-09
4,0E-09
6,0E-09
8,0E-09
0
1,0E-08
Time [s]
Voltage Cload=40pF
Voltage Cload=20pF
Current Cload=40pF
Current Cload=20pF
Figure 5: Current-/voltage charging curves for
different capacitive loads
As expected, the charging voltage increases faster for a smaller load. However, the starting value of
the charging current is only determined by the driver impedance and is thus load-independent. The
load affects only the speed of load current decrease. It decreases faster if the load is smaller. This
means on the other hand a bigger di/dt for smaller loads, resulting in higer emission for smaller loads.
This disadvantage can be compensated by chosing a smaller pad driver, i.e. a weaker driver setting,
causing bigger driver impedance and thus smaller di/dt for the charging current.
The selection of a weaker driver setting slows down the pad switching time, so care must be taken to
maintain the required signal integrity.
2.2.2
Signal integrity
Maintaining signal integrity means
to select the rise/fall times such
that all signal handshaking and
data communication timing and
levels are ensured for proper
system operation. This means the
data interchange between the
microcontroller and external ICs
like Flash memory, line drivers,
receivers and transmitters etc.
runs properly.
Therefore, it has to be taken into
account that CMOS transistors
become
slower
with
rising
temperature. Thus the timing of a
critical signal has to be matched
for proper operation at highest
ambient temperature. Depending
on the application, common
temperature ranges are up to
85°C or up to 125°C. Several
automotive control units specify an
ambient temperature range from
Application Note AP32111
Figure 6: Signal over- and undershoots
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
-40°C up to 125°C. The die temperature may reach values up to 150°C during operation.
Rules:
•
Choose driver characteristics to meet the DC driving requirements. Make sure that the DC
current provided by the microcontroller’s pad drivers is sufficient to drive actuators into the
desired logic state.
•
Choose edge settings to meet system timing constraints at the highest system temperature.
Avoid selection of driver settings which are “too strong” for the signal timing and load
capacitance. Otherwise unnecessarily fast signal edges would result, causing two
disadvantages regarding electromagnetic emission: (1) The slopes are too fast and cause
undesired high emission energy at higher frequencies; (2) Over- and undershoot appears with
the danger of power/ground bounce affecting the accuracy of analog modules.
•
If system timing requires short signal rise/fall times, series termination is recommended to
avoid over-/undershoot at signal transitions, see Fig. 5. The value of the termination resistor
has to be chosen identical to the signal line impedance.
2.2.3
Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission
Any switching between low and high voltage levels generates RF noise. This happens whenever the
switching voltage or the switching current has no sinusoidal shape. Switching currents are mainly
responsible for electromagnetic emission because of the voltage drop across line inductances such
as bond wires and lead
frames. Any shapes
other than sinusoidal
are composed by the
overlay
of
multiple
frequencies,
also
known as harmonics.
To reach a significantly
steep
edge
of
a
trapezoidal voltage of a
clock
signal,
short
current pulses during
the edges are required.
These
switching
currents are outlined as
nearly triangular peaks
which are composed
from
the
base
frequency and a set of
odd
and
even
harmonics, depending
Figure 7: Spectrum envelope for different clocks and edges
on the exact pulse
shape.
The steeper a switching pulse is, the higher frequencies are required to form the rising and falling
edges. A rise time of 1ns leads to a spectrum composed from harmonics up to at least 500 MHz.
A typical clock signal consists of 10% rise time, 40% high level, 10% fall time and 40% low level.
Operating at 100MHz – equal to 10ns period time – this clock signal already generates at least
harmonics up to 500MHz.
Unfortunately not the clock frequency, but the rise/fall times determine the resulting RF spectrum.
Even if a clock driver operates at a relatively low toggle rate, it may generate the same RF spectrum
as if it would operate at a significantly higher toggle rate – as long as its rise/fall times are not
adjusted to the lower toggle rate by slowing down the transitions. For example, if the mentioned
100MHz clock driver operates at only 10 MHz, its rise/fall times should be extended from 1 ns to 10
ns, still maintaining the 10% ratio relatively to the clock period time. Fig. 6 illustrates that behaviour.
Rule:
•
Choose driver and edge characteristics to result in lowest electromagnetic emission while
meeting all system timing requirements at highest system temperature.
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
3
Measured Timings
3.1
Load conditions and ambient temperatures
The Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers use several classes of pad drivers: Class A drivers
are operated at VDDP=3.3V (nominal) and Class B drivers are operated at VDDE (EBU) in the range
between 2.5V and 3.3V (nominal).
3.1.1
Measurement conditions used in this document
•
A temperature range from TA=-40°C to TA=125°C is covered for the timings. Timings were
measured at temperatures -40°C, 0°C, 30°C, 85°C, 110°C and 125°C. Please note that even
if signal integrity looks fine at higher temperature, over- or undershoot resulting from improper
impedance matching between pad drivers and external load may increase at lower
temperature.
• If the user is interested in rise/fall time values at other temperatures, a linear interpolation can
be done.
• Electromagnetic emission is always measured at TA=25°C.
• The supply voltage for Class A pad drivers is 3.30V for measurements at TA=30°C.
• The supply voltage for Class A pad drivers is 3.13V for measurements at TA>30°C to match
worst-case conditions.
• The supply voltage for Class A pad drivers is 3.47V for measurements at TA<30°C.
• Class B pad driver timings have not been measured, but only simulated.
Load capacitors are selected in a way that together with the measurement probe capacitance of 8pF
total capacitance values of 18pF up to 55pF are reached. Table 1 shows the reference between real
loads and numbers given in the result diagrams. For easy reading, these capacitances are referred to
as 20, 30, 40 and 50 pF in the result diagrams.
Probe
SMD load
capacitance capacitor
Resulting physical
capacitance
Referred
capacitance
8 pF
10 pF
18 pF
20 pF
8 pF
22 pF
30 pF
30 pF
8 pF
33 pF
41 pF
40 pF
8 pF
47 pF
55 pF
50 pF
Table 1: Overview of capacitive loads used for timing measurements
The result diagrams show
the simulated rising and
falling edge timing using
an oscilloscope probe of
8pF||1MΩ. The reference
points are 10% and 90%
as indicated in Fig. 8 for
Class A2 pads (VDDP =
3.3V).
For measurements at
TA=30°C, the pad supply
voltage VDDP has been
set to 3.30V (nominal
VDDP). Thus the voltage
levels
references
for
timing measurements at
TA=30°C are: 0.33V (low
reference) and 2.97V
(high reference).
For measurements at
TA>30°C, the pad supply
Application Note AP32111
Figure 8: Voltage level references for Class A timing measurements
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
voltage VDDP has been decreased to 3.13V (nominal VDDP minus 5%). Thus the voltage levels
references for timing measurements at TA>30°C are: 0.31V (low reference) and 2.82V (high
reference).
For measurements at TA<30°C, the pad supply voltage VDDP has been increased to 3.47V (nominal
VDDP plus 5%). Thus the voltage levels references for timing measurements at TA<30°C are: 0.35V
(low reference) and 3.12V (high reference).
The probing point for timing measurements is connected to the pin under test via a straight 3 cm long
50 Ohm trace without via contacts.
3.1.2
Measured rise and fall times
Fig. 9-38 show the measured 10-90% rise times and 90-10% fall times of all Class A2 driver
strengths at TA=-40°C, 0°C, 30°C, 85°C, 110°C and 125°C. The physically connected load capacitor
values are according the “Referred capacitances” listed in Table 1. The abbreviations used for driver
strength and load description are listed in Table 2. The respective load capacitor is connected close
to the driver pin. It is connected from the pin to GND. GPIO measurements have been done at Port
2.2 of the TC1796 and are valid for all other Class A2 pins of the Audo-NG and Audo-Future
microcontrollers fabricated in 0.13µm CMOS technology.
Table 3 lists the measured rise and fall times for all Class A2 driver settings at various ambient
temperatures for two different capacitive loads. Fig. 9-38 show the waveforms of these measured rise
and fall times.
Fig. 39-40 present the rise and fall times as a function of driver settings for ambient temperatures of
30°C and 125°C.
Fig. 41-45 present the rise and fall times as a function of ambient temperature for every driver setting
with various capacitive loads.
Abbreviation
Driver strength
Resulting physical capacitance
SSH-20pF
Strong-sharp
18 pF
SSH-30pF
Strong-sharp
30 pF
SSH-40pF
Strong-sharp
41 pF
SSH-50pF
Strong-sharp
55 pF
SME-20pF
Strong-medium
18 pF
SME-30pF
Strong-medium
30 pF
SME-40pF
Strong-medium
41 pF
SME-50pF
Strong-medium
55 pF
SSO-20pF
Strong-soft
18 pF
SSO-30pF
Strong-soft
30 pF
SSO-40pF
Strong-soft
41 pF
SSO-50pF
Strong-soft
55 pF
MED-20pF
Medium
18 pF
MED-30pF
Medium
30 pF
MED-40pF
Medium
41 pF
MED-50pF
Medium
55 pF
WEA-20pF
Weak
18 pF
WEA-30pF
Weak
30 pF
WEA-40pF
Weak
41 pF
WEA-50pF
Weak
55 pF
Table 2: Abbreviations used in the timing result diagrams
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
20pF Load
40pF Load
Strong-Sharp
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
0.714
0.628
0
0.751
0.644
30
0.838
0.735
85
0.908
0.706
110
0.902
0.718
125
0.913
0.758
Strong-Sharp
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
1.626
1.503
0
1.66
1.494
30
1.733
1.495
85
1.866
1.549
110
2.041
1.605
125
2.038
1.607
Strong-Medium
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
1.377
1.543
0
1.652
1.777
30
1.875
2.167
85
2.584
2.767
110
2.721
2.835
125
2.801
2.940
Strong-Medium
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
2.577
3.083
0
3.016
3.384
30
3.53
3.82
85
4.303
4.667
110
4.767
4.912
125
4.587
5.176
Strong-Soft
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
4.48
5.76
0
4.93
6.75
30
5.85
7.69
85
6.94
9.74
110
7.19
9.99
125
7.65
10.17
Strong-Soft
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
6.23
9.84
0
6.74
9.94
30
7.52
12.41
85
9.33
15.05
110
9.93
16.57
125
10.85
17.88
Medium
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
10.38
10.92
0
10.9
11.77
30
12.24
13.23
85
14.69
17.64
110
14.98
17.84
125
15.06
17.48
Medium
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
28.02
19.38
0
33.56
21.33
30
33.04
25.99
85
42.97
30.91
110
45.79
33.26
125
45.12
36.24
Weak
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
48.64
54.32
0
51.56
64.32
30
59.99
70.16
85
69.69
91.34
110
73.41
95.67
125
72.76
97.67
Weak
Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns)
-40
130.64
118.67
0
143.67
123.32
30
147.99
131.59
85
172.91
165.06
110
187.52
179.5
125
194.91
191.5
Table 3: Measured rise and fall times for 20pF and 40pF capacitive load
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
3.1.3
Measured Rise/ Fall Time Waveforms
Figure 9: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at -40°C ambient temperature
Figure 10: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at -40°C ambient temperature
Figure 11: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at -40°C ambient temperature
Figure 12: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at -40°C ambient temperature
Figure 13: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at -40°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
13
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 14: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 0°C ambient temperature
Figure 15: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 0°C ambient temperature
Figure 16: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 0°C ambient temperature
Figure 17: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 0°C ambient temperature
Figure 18: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 0°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
14
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 19: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 30°C ambient temperature
Figure 20: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 30°C ambient temperature
Figure 21: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 30°C ambient temperature
Figure 22: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 30°C ambient temperature
Figure 23: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 30°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
15
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 24: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 85°C ambient temperature
Figure 25: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 85°C ambient temperature
Figure 26: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 85°C ambient temperature
Figure 27: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 85°C ambient temperature
Figure 28: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 85°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
16
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 29: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 110°C ambient temperature
Figure 30: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 110°C ambient temperature
Figure 31: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 110°C ambient temperature
Figure 32: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 110°C ambient temperature
Figure 33: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 110°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
17
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 34: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 125°C ambient temperature
Figure 35: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 125°C ambient temperature
Figure 36: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 125°C ambient temperature
Figure 37: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 125°C ambient temperature
Figure 38: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 125°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
18
V1.1, 2010-06
Application Note AP32111
19
0
-2
Mode [Driver-Load]
p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F
2
3
5
4
2
5
4
3
3
4
2
3
4
5
2
5
4
5
3
H SH - S H - SH - M E- M E - M E - M E- SO - SO - S O - SO - E D - E D - E D - E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S
S
S
S
S S
S
S
S
S M M M M W W W W
S
S
S
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Class A2 10-90% Edges for all Driver Settings
Rise Time 30°C [ns]
Fall Time 30°C [ns]
Rise Time 125°C [ns]
Fall Time 125°C [ns]
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 39: Timings Class A2 for all driver settings
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
20
p
20
F
p
30
F
p
40
F
p
50
F
Mode [Driver-Load]
p F 0p F 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0p F 0pF
0
5
2
3
4
-3
-5
-2
-4
-2
-4
-3
-5
EEEEH
H
H
H
D
D
D
D
O
O
O
O
S
S
S
S
E
E
E
E
S
S
S
S
M
M
M
M
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M
M
M
M
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fall Time 125°C [ns]
Rise Time 125°C [ns]
Fall Time 30°C [ns]
Rise Time 30°C [ns]
Class A2 10-90% Edges for "Strong" & "Medium" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 40: Zoomed timings Class A2 for strong and medium driver settings
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, T fall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
21
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
-40
0
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
120
Class A2 "Strong-Sharp" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature
SSH-20pF Rise Time
SSH-20pF Fall Time
SSH-30pF Rise Time
SSH-30pF Fall Time
SSH-40pF Rise Time
SSH-40pF Fall Time
SSH-50pF Rise Time
SSH-50pF Fall Time
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 41: Class A2 “strong-sharp” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
22
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-40
0
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
120
SME-20pF Rise Time
SME-20pF Fall Time
SME-30pF Rise Time
SME-30pF Fall Time
SME-40pF Rise Time
SME-40pF Fall Time
SME-50pF Rise Time
SME-50pF Fall Time
Class A2 "Strong-Medium" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 42: Class A2 “strong-med” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
23
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
-40
0
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
120
Class A2 "Strong Soft" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature
SSO-20pF Rise Time
SSO-20pF Fall Time
SSO-30pF Rise Time
SSO-30pF Fall Time
SSO-40pF Rise Time
SSO-40pF Fall Time
SSO-50pF Rise Time
SSO-50pF Fall Time
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 43: Class A2 “strong-soft” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-40
0
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
120
Class A2 "Medium" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature
MED-20pF Rise Time
MED-20pF Fall Time
MED-30pF Rise Time
MED-30pF Fall Time
MED-40pF Rise Time
MED-40pF Fall Time
MED-50pF Rise Time
MED-50pF Fall Time
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 44: Class A2 “Medium” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
25
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
-40
0
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
80
120
Class A2 "Weak" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature
WEA-20pF Rise Time
WEA-20pF Fall Time
WEA-30pF Rise Time
WEA-30pF Fall Time
WEA-40pF Rise Time
WEA-40pF Fall Time
WEA-50pF Rise Time
WEA-50pF Fall Time
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 45: Class A2 “Weak” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise, Tfall [ns]
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
4
Simulated Timings
4.1
Simulated timings on selected PCB trace structures
4.1.1
Description of structures
A temperature range from TA=25°C to
TA=150°C is covered for the timings.
Please note that in addition to the
measured timings, which use discrete
load capacitors, it is interesting to
compare timing waveforms for various
PCB structures. This overview provides
a good guess on the impact of serial
termination, the use of via contacts,
and the shape of trace structures
connected to a pad driver.
We use 4 different structures, shown in
Fig. 46:
(a) Point-to-Point,
(b) Bus,
(c) Star,
(d) Tree.
Each of the structures was drawn in 4
versions and simulated with Sigrity
Speed2000™. The 4 versions are:
(1) no vias, no series termination,
(2) no vias, series termination at
transmitter,
(3) vias, no series termination,
(4) vias, series termination.
In case of no vias, all traces are routed
on the top PCB layer where transmitter
and receivers are soldered. In case of
vias, the red traces in Fig. 46 are
routed on the bottom PCB layer. In
case of series termination, a 51Ω
resistor Rt is connected directly at the
transmitter output in the data line.
Figure 46: Set of PCB trace structures
The layer stack of the printed circuit board model is shown in Fig. 47. It consists of 4 layers in
standard FR4 material in the order signal-GND-VCC-signal.
300µm trace width results in a 57Ω
trace impedance.
The capacitance per unit length is
1pF/cm.
An input capacitance of 5pF per CMOS
receiver input is assumed.
The driver is represented by the IBIS
model listed in Appendix A. The driver
strength can be selected to be “strongsharp”, “strong-medium”, “strong-soft”,
“medium” and “weak”.
Application Note AP32111
Figure 47: PCB layer stack
26
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
The length of each trace piece marked “l” in Fig.
46 has been dimensioned such that the
resulting total trace capacitance plus the
receiver gate capacitances are 20pF, 30pF,
40pF and 50pF. Table 4 lists the resulting trace
lengths. The via contacts connect signals on the
top layer with signals on the bottom layer.
Structure
Point-toPoint
Load
Length “l”
Width “w”
20 pF
5.1 cm
300 µm
30 pF
8.5 cm
300 µm
40pF
11.9 cm
300 µm
50 pF
15.3 cm
300 µm
Bus
20 pF
4.4 cm
300 µm
30 pF
7.9 cm
300 µm
40 pF
12.5 cm
300 µm
50 pF
16.8 cm
300 µm
Star
20 pF
4.2 cm
300 µm
30 pF
8.1 cm
300 µm
40 pF
12.2 cm
300 µm
50 pF
16.9 cm
300 µm
Tree
20 pF
5.9 cm
300 µm
30 pF
11.4 cm
300 µm
40 pF
17.2 cm
300 µm
50 pF
21.3 cm
300 µm
Table 4: Dimensions of PCB structures
Fig. 50-110 show the simulated rise and fall
times as a function of PCB structures with
different capacitive loads. In each diagram, the
measured timings and the simulated timings
with ideal capacitive load are given for
reference.
To keep a better overview, one diagram
contains only the curves for one structure
operating at one temperature. The parameters
varied in one diagram are the load capacitance
and the driver settings. The abbreviations are as
defined in Table 2.
4.1.2
Rise/fall time diagrams
All rise/fall times refer to the 10-90% rising edge and to the 90-10% falling edge of the transmitter
output voltage. Details are identical to the measured timings and levels described in chapter 3.1.1.
Weak driver strength has not been simulated because of the very low rise and fall times. Main
purpose is to show the influence of via contacts which are placed on the traces, and series
termination resistors placed at the driver outputs.
The 4 via/termination combinations are marked in the diagrams as follows:
“Vias No Term No” = no via contacts, no termination resistor
“Vias Yes Term No” = via contacts, but no termination resistor
“Vias No Term Yes” = no via contacts, but termination resistor
“Vias Yes Term Yes” = via contacts and termination resistor
Application Note AP32111
27
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
The result diagrams show
the simulated rising and
falling edge timing using
an oscilloscope probe of
8pF||1MΩ. The reference
points are 10% and 90%
as indicated in Fig. 7 for
Class A2 pads (VDDP =
3.3V) and in Fig. 8 for
Class B2 pads (VDDE =
2.5V).
For
simulations
at
TA=150°C, the pad supply
voltage VDDP has been
decreased
to
3.13V
(nominal VDDP minus
5%). Thus the voltage
levels
references
for
timing simulations at
TA=150°C are: 0.31V (low
reference) and 2.82V
(high reference).
Figure 48: Voltage level references for Class A timing measurements
For
simulations
at
TA=150°C,
the
EBU
supply voltage VDDE has
been decreased to 2.38V
(nominal VDDE minus
5%). Thus the voltage
levels
references
for
timing simulations at
TA=150°C are: 0.24V (low
reference) and 2.14V
(high reference).
Figure 49: Voltage level references for Class B timing measurements
4.1.2.1 Rise/fall times of driver/load settings, sorted by layout structures
Fig. 50-113 show the rise/fall times – 10/90% margins as described above – for selected driver/load
combinations as listed in Table 2, for the four layout structures under investigation. One diagram
contains the results for the four vias/termination combinations explained above plus the measured
values. The diagram title indicates the structure under investigation, the driver class (A2 or B2) and in
case of class B2 the supply voltage (2.5V or 3.3V).
Note that Class B1 drivers are similar to the Class B2 drivers. Thus all timings given for Class
B2 are also valid for Class B1.
All diagrams for class A2 drivers assume 3.3V supply voltage. At high temperature (150°C ambient
temperature), the supply voltages have been decreased by 10%. Numbers are given in the
paragraph above.
Application Note AP32111
28
V1.1, 2010-06
Application Note AP32111
29
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Point to Point Vias No Term No
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Point to Point Vias No Term Yes
Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C
2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 50: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
30
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Point to Point Vias No Term No
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Point to Point Vias No Term Yes
Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C
2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 51: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
31
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
P2P Vias Yes Term Yes
P2P Vias No Term Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term No
P2P Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 52: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
32
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
P2P Vias No Term No
P2P Vias Yes Term No
P2P Vias No Term Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 53: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
33
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 2.5V
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 54: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
34
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 55: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
35
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Star Vias Yes Term
No
Star Vias No Term
Yes
Star Vias Yes Term
Yes
Star Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 56: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
36
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 57: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
37
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 58: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
38
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 59: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
39
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 60: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
40
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 61: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
41
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 62: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
42
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 63: Class B2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
43
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF SME-30pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 64: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
44
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 2.5V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 65: Class B2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
45
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH50pF
SME20pF
SME30pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH40pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Measurement
Point to Point Vias No Term No
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Point to Point Vias No Term Yes
Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at
25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 66: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
46
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Point to Point Vias No Term No
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Point to Point Vias No Term Yes
Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C
3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 67: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
47
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
3.3V
P2P Vias Yes Term
No
P2P Vias No Term
Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term
Yes
P2P Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 68: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
48
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
P2P Vias Yes Term
No
P2P Vias No Term
Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term
Yes
P2P Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 69: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
49
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 70: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 71: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
51
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 72: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
52
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 3.3V
Star Vias No Term
No
Star Vias Yes Term
No
Star Vias No Term
Yes
Star Vias Yes Term
Yes
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 73: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
53
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 74: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
54
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 75: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
55
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 3.3V
Tree Vias Yes Term
No
Tree Vias No Term
Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term
Yes
Tree Vias No Term
No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 76: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
56
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Tree Vias No Term
No
Tree Vias Yes Term
No
Tree Vias No Term
Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term
Yes
Measurement
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 77: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
57
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 78: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
58
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH-20pF
SSH-30pF
SSH-40pF
SME-20pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-50pF
SME-30pF
SME-40pF
SME-50pF
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 79: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
59
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 80: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Mode [Driver-Load]
SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 3.3V
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 81: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
61
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F F
F F
F F
F
F
F
F F F
F
F
F
F
F F
F
0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p
-2 -3 -4 -5 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5
H H H H
O O O O D D D D A A A A
SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS ME ME ME ME WE WE WE WE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No
Point-to-Point Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at
25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 82: Class A2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
62
Mode [Driver-Load]
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
0 p 3 0 p 4 0 p 5 0 p 2 0 p 3 0 p 4 0 p 5 0 p 2 0p 3 0p 4 0p 5 0 p 20 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 2 0p 3 0p 4 0p 5 0p
2
H - SH - SH - SH - M E- M E- M E- M E- SO - SO - SO - SO - E D - E D - E D - E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S
S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Measurement
Point to Point Vias No Term No
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Point to Point Vias No Term Yes
Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 83: Class A2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
63
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
- E- E- EH- H- H- H- E
O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
P2P Vias No Term No
P2P Vias Yes Term No
P2P Vias No Term Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at
150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 84: Class A2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
64
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
E
E
E
H- H- H- H- E
O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
P2P Vias No Term No
P2P Vias Yes Term No
P2P Vias No Term Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 85: Class A2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
65
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Measurement
Point-to-Point Vias No Term No
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No
Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes TermYes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 86: Zoomed rise times Class A2- Point-to-Point layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
66
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No
Point-to-Point Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 87: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Point-to-Point layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
67
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No
Point-to-Point Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 88: Zoomed rise times Class A2- P2P layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
68
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Measurement
P2P Vias No Term No
P2P Vias Yes Term No
P2P Vias No Term Yes
P2P Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 89: Zoomed fall times Class A2- P2P layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
69
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
E
E
E O - O - O - O - D - D - D - D- A - A - A - A H- H- H- H- E
SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 90: Class A2 rise times for “Star” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
70
0
-2
pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 pF 0p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 p F 0p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 p F 0p F 0 p F 0 p F 0p F
2
5
3
4
4
3
5
2
2
5
4
3
5
4
3
2
4
3
5
H SH - S H - S H - M E - M E- M E - M E - S O - S O - SO - S O - E D - E D - E D - E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S
S
S
S S
S
S
S
S
S M M M M W W W W
S
S
S
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 91: Class A2 fall times for “Star” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Application Note AP32111
71
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
- E- E- EH- H- H- H- E
O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 92: Class A2 rise times for “Star” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
72
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF
0
4
5
2
3
4
5
2
3
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
2
-2 -3 -4 -5
H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D- E D- E D- E D- E A - E A - E A - E A S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M
M M
M W W W W
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 93: Class A2 fall times for “Star” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
73
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 94: Zoomed rise times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
74
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 95: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
75
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
Measurement
Star Vias No Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 96: Zoomed rise times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
76
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias No Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 97: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
77
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
E
E
E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A H- H- H- H- E
SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 98: Class A2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
78
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
E
E
E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A H- H- H- H- E
SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 99: Class A2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
79
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
- E- E- EH- H- H- H- E
O - O - O - O - D - D - D - D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 100: Class A2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
80
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF
0
5
3
2
2
3
4
4
5
2
3
4
5
4
5
3
2
-2 -3 -4 -5
H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D - E D - E D- E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M M M M W W W W
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 101: Class A2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
81
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 102: Zoomed rise times Class A2-Tree layout for Strong Driver Settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
82
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 103: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Tree layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
83
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
Measurement
Tree Vias No Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 104: Zoomed rise times Class A2 Tree layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
84
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Tree Vias No Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 105: Zoomed fall times Class A2 Tree layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
85
Mode [Driver-Load]
p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F
0
5
-2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 2 3 4
H SH SH SH E E E E SO SO SO SO ED ED ED ED EA- EA- EA- EAS
M
M
M
M
S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 106: Class A2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
86
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF
0
5
3
2
2
3
4
5
4
5 -2 -3 -4 -5
2
3
4
2
5
4
3
H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D - E D - E D- E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M M M M W W W W
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term No
Measurement
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 107: Class A2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
87
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF
0
5
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
2
-2 -3 -4 -5
H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D- E D- E D- E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M
M
M
M W W W W
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 108: Class A2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
88
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF
0
-2 H -3 H -4 H -5 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 -2 -3 -4 -5 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5
H
O
O
O
O
SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 109: Class A2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
89
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term No
Measurement
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 110: Zoomed rise times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
90
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 111: Zoomed fall times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
91
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 112: Zoomed rise times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
92
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C
"Strong" Drivers
Measurement
Bus Vias No Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias No Term Yes
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 113: Zoomed fall times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 150°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
4.1.2.2 Influence of layout structures on rise/fall times
Fig. 114-121 indicate that the different structures lead to quite similar timing results. Any
considerations of layout structures are only suggested when assessing time-critical signals using
strong driver modes, see figures 116-117 and 120-121.
Application Note AP32111
93
V1.1, 2010-06
Application Note AP32111
94
Mode [Driver-Load]
F
F
F
F
F
F
F F
F
F
F F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p
2
H SH SH SH E- E- E- E- SO SO SO SO ED- ED- ED- ED- EA EA EA EA
S
M
M
M
M
S S S
S S
S S
S S M M M M W W W W
S S
S
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 114: Class A2 rise times for all PCB structures at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
95
0
-2
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F
4
5
3
5
4
3
2
-5
-3
-4
-2
-4
-5
-2
-3
-4
-2
-5
-3
H S H - SH - S H - M E M E M E M E S O- SO- S O- SO- ED E D ED E D EA EA E A EA
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M
M
M
M
W
W
W
W
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Point to Point Vias Yes Term No
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 115: Class A2 fall times for all PCB structures at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
96
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 116: Zoomed rise times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
97
0
2
4
6
8
10
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Bus Vias Yes Term No
Tree Vias Yes Term No
Star Vias Yes Term No
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 117: Zoomed fall times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
98
0
-2
Mode [Driver-Load]
pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F
3
5 -2 -3 - 4 -5
4
2
5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 - 5
4
3
H SH - SH - SH - M E M E M E M E SO- SO- SO - SO- ED ED ED ED EA EA EA EA
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M M
M
M W W W W
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 118: Class A2 rise times for all PCB structures at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Trise [ns]
Application Note AP32111
99
0
-2
Mode [Driver-Load]
p F 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
5 -2 - 3 -4 -5
3
4
5
2
3
4
H S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D - E D - E D- E D - E A - E A - E A- E AS
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M M M M W W W W
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 119: Class A2 fall times for all PCB structures at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 120: Zoomed rise times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
Application Note AP32111
101
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SSH20pF
SSH30pF
SSH40pF
SSH50pF
SME30pF
SME40pF
SME50pF
Mode [Driver-Load]
SME20pF
SSO20pF
SSO30pF
SSO40pF
SSO50pF
Bus Vias Yes Term Yes
Tree Vias Yes Term Yes
Star Vias Yes Term Yes
Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes
Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C
"Strong" Drivers
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Figure 121: Zoomed fall times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C
V1.1, 2010-06
Tfall [ns]
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
4.1.3
Rise/fall waveforms
The following waveforms result from Speed2000™ timing simulations of the PCB structures
described in chapter 4.1.1. Since the waveforms of the different structures are very similar, only
“point-to-point” and “bus” structures are presented here with loads of 20pF and 40pF. However, the
influence of via contacts and termination resistors is visible from the waveforms.
Each of Fig. 123-158 contains 4 waveforms for a given pad type (Class A or Class B), a given
ambient temperature (25°C or 150°C) and a given driver strength. Depending on these settings,
certain clock frequencies can be driven or not. The waveforms show one of the frequencies: 80MHz,
40MHz, 20MHz, 10MHz or 1MHz – whatever is the highest frequency for a given setting which shows
an acceptable signal integrity (i.e. high and low voltage levels are reached during switching).
Note the different high voltage levels for Class A and Class B pads: Since Class B pads are
implemented for the EBU interface drivers, the Class B simulations use 2.5V high level, whereas the
Class A simulations use 3.3V high level.
The 4 configurations shown in one figure are distributed as follows:
20pF Capacitive Load
40pF Capacitive Load
No Termination Resistor
No Termination Resistor
20pF Capacitive Load
40pF Capacitive Load
51Ω Termination Resistor
51Ω Termination Resistor
Figure 122: General grouping of waveform configurations
Application Note AP32111
102
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
5,0V
5,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-1,0V
-2,0V
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-3,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
3,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 123: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temperature
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
3,5V
5,0V
3,0V
4,0V
2,5V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,5V
-1,0V
0,0V
-2,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-3,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 124: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
103
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
3,0V
4,0V
2,5V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
3,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 125:Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Point-to-Point”at 150°C ambient temperature
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
3,0V
4,0V
2,5V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
3,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 126: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
104
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
3,5V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 127: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temperature
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
3,0V
5,0V
2,5V
4,0V
2,0V
3,0V
1,5V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium 2.5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 128: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
105
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
2,5V
3,0V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
Figure 129: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temperature
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
3,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 130: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
106
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 3.3V:Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
5,0V
6,0V
4,0V
5,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-1,0V
-2,0V
-2,0V
-3,0V
-3,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-4,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
4,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 131: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “P2P” at 25°C ambient temperature
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
6,0V
5,0V
5,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-1,0V
-2,0V
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-3,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 132: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
107
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,5V
1,0V
0,0V
0,5V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
4,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 133: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “P2P” at 150°C ambient temperature
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,5V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin
4,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
5,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
35,0E-9s
5,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
15,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
25,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
35,0E-9s
Figure 134: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
108
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmax
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmax
5,0V
4,0V
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax
4,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 135: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “P2P” at 25°C ambient temperature
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmax
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmax
4,0V
7,0V
3,5V
6,0V
3,0V
5,0V
2,5V
4,0V
2,0V
3,0V
1,5V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 136: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
109
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
4,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 137: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “P2P” at 150°C ambient temperature
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
VDDEmin
4,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 138: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
110
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
8,0V
6,0V
5,0V
6,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-2,0V
-2,0V
-3,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-4,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 139: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper.
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
7,0V
6,0V
5,0V
5,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
1,0V
2,0V
1,0V
-1,0V
0,0V
-3,0V
-1,0V
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
-5,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
4,5V
5,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
Figure 140: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature
Application Note AP32111
111
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
5,0V
5,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-1,0V
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
70,0E-9s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Figure 141: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp”/ “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper.
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
5,0V
5,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
-1,0V
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
Figure 142: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp”/ “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
112
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
6,0V
5,0V
5,0V
4,0V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,0V
-1,0V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
140,0E-9s
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
140,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
140,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
140,0E-9s
Figure 143: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper.
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
6,0V
4,5V
4,0V
5,0V
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
2,5V
3,0V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,5V
0,0V
-1,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
0,00E+00
-0,5V
2,00E-08
4,00E-08
6,00E-08
8,00E-08
1,00E-07
1,20E-07
1,40E-07
1,60E-07
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s
Figure 144: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
113
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
140,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
140,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
140,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
120,0E-9s
140,0E-9s
Figure 145: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper.
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium
4,0V
5,0V
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,0V
0,5V
-1,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s
-2,0V
000,0E+0s
10,0E-9s
20,0E-9s
30,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
70,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
20,0E-9s
40,0E-9s
60,0E-9s
80,0E-9s
100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s
Figure 146: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
114
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft
5,0V
4,0V
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
2,5V
3,0V
2,0V
1,5V
2,0V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
-0,5V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-1,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 147: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper.
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
0,0V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 148: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
115
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
0,0V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 149: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper.
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
0,0V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 150: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
116
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 151: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper.
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
3,5V
2,5V
3,0V
2,0V
2,5V
1,5V
2,0V
1,0V
1,5V
0,5V
1,0V
0,0V
0,5V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 152: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
117
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 153: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper.
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium
3,5V
4,0V
3,0V
3,5V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,0V
000,0E+0s
0,5V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
50,0E-9s
100,0E-9s
150,0E-9s
200,0E-9s
250,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
Figure 154: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
118
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
0,00E+00
5,00E-07
1,00E-06
1,50E-06
2,00E-06
2,50E-06
3,00E-06
-0,5V
-200,0E-9s
300,0E-9s
800,0E-9s
1,3E-6s
1,8E-6s
2,3E-6s
2,8E-6s
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak
Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
Figure 155: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper.
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak
Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
Figure 156: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
119
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
2,5E-6s
4,0V
4,0V
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak
Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak
0,0V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
2,5E-6s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
Figure 157: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper.
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
0,0V
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak
Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak
3,5V
3,5V
3,0V
3,0V
2,5V
2,5V
2,0V
2,0V
1,5V
1,5V
1,0V
1,0V
0,5V
0,5V
0,0V
-0,5V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
0,0V
000,0E+0s
500,0E-9s
1,0E-6s
1,5E-6s
2,0E-6s
2,5E-6s
3,0E-6s
Figure 158: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper.
Application Note AP32111
120
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
5
Measured Electromagnetic Emission
In addition to signal integrity, the scaling of pad drivers helps to reduce electromagnetic emission
(EME) caused by switching output pins. This is because slower signal edges produce less high
frequency contents in the emission spectra.
The following rule should be obeyed when selecting pad driver strength:
Use the weakest/slowest driver setting which provides the required signal timing at worst-case
operating conditions.
Worst-case operating conditions are:
-
maximum ambient temperature (e.g. +125°C)
-
minimum pad supply voltage (e.g. 3.13V)
-
realistic capacitive output load (consider trace length, trace structure, connected receiver
input loads)
To illustrate the benefits of driver scaling for low EME, some sample measurement results are
provided.
The measurements have been performed under two operating conditions:
Operating condition:
Port 2 toggling at low data rate with capacitive loads of 0pF, 10pF, 22pF, 33pF, 47pF.
Core running in idle loop.
Conducted emission measured at pad supply (VDDP) and core supply (VDDC) according to chapter
5.1.1.
Radiated emission measured in mini-TEM cell according to chapter 5.1.2.
Please note that all emission peaks visible between 900 MHz and 1000 MHz result from cellular
phone activity and should be ignored when assessing the IC-related emission.
5.1
Description of test equipment
5.1.1
Conducted emission
configuration
test
Conducted emission is measured using the
standardized 150Ω network, see Fig. 91.
This network is used for both port and
power supply emission measurements. For
reference purpose, only the emission
measured at the supply domains VDDP
(3.3V pad supply) and VDDC (1.5V core
supply)
are
documented.
Emission
reduction can be observed in a similar way
on passive (i.e. non-switching) pad pins.
150Ω networks are provided for conducted
emission measurements according IEC
61967 part 4 and BISS emission test
specification.
For the measurements the probing points
shown in Fig. 159 connected to VDD1 (is
VDDC) and VDD2 (is VDDP) are used. No
testing was performed at passive I/Os.
Application Note AP32111
Figure 159: Conducted emission probing points
121
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
5.1.2
Radiated emission test configuration
Radiated emission is measured using the standard Mini TEM Cell according IEC 61967 part 2 and
BISS emission test specification. The frequency range is from 150kHz to 1000MHz.
Figure 160: Radiated emission test setup
5.1.3
Instruments and software for emission data recognition
Spectrum analyzer:
Rohde&Schwarz FSP7 (9kHz ... 7GHz)
Start frequency: 150kHz
Stop frequency: 1001MHz
Frequency step: 1.0MHz
Span: 1.3MHz
Attenuation: none
Detector type: Max. peak
RBW: 10kHz
VBW: 3kHz
Measurement time:
For all measurements, the emission measurement time (10ms) at one
frequency is longer than the test software loop duration.
Pre-Amplifier:
none
Data generation software:
National Instruments LabView: Measure Spectrum_VDE150Ohm_1.vi
Infineon proprietary software for ASCII to Excel data conversion:
DAT2XLS.exe, using vector addition of 0° and 90° oriented test board
in case of radiated emission test.
Environment:
temperature 23°C ±5°C
Supply:
nominal voltage ±5%
For all measurements the noise floor is at least 6dB below the limit.
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
5.2
Emission measurement results
IO-Toggle A1 medium driver / A2 strong driver sharp edge
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Frequency/MHz
Figure 161: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” driver- conducted emission on VDDP
IO-Toggle A1 medium driver / A2 strong driver soft edge
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
dBµV
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Frequency/MHz
Figure 162: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Strong-Soft” driver- conducted emission on VDDP
Application Note AP32111
123
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
IO-Toggle A1 medium driver / A2 medium driver
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
dBµV
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Frequency/MHz
Figure 163: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Medium” driver- conducted emission on VDDP
IO-Toggle A1 weak driver / A2 weak driver
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
dBµV
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Frequency/MHz
Figure 164: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Weak” driver- conducted emission on VDDP
Application Note AP32111
124
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Pad Scaling Comparison Conducted Emission
80
70
60
50
dBµV
A1 medium driver/ A2 strong-sharp driver
A1 medium driver/ A2 strong-soft driver
40
A1 medium driver/ A2 medium driver
A1 medium driver/ A2 weak driver
30
20
10
0
0MHz
100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MH
z
Frequency
Figure 165: Pad scalingcomparison-conducted emission
RE TEM Cell Measurement "Best Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
dBµV
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 166: Class A2 “Best Case” at 0pF load – radiated emission
Application Note AP32111
125
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
RE TEM Cell Measurement Strong-Sharp "Worst Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 167: Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission
RE TEM Cell Measurement Strong-Medium "Worst Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 168: Class A2 “Strong-Medium” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission
Application Note AP32111
126
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
RE TEM Cell Measurement Strong-Soft "Worst Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 169: Class A2 “Strong-Soft” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission
RE TEM Cell Measurement Medium "Worst Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 170: Class A2 “Medium” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission
Application Note AP32111
127
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
RE TEM Cell Measurement Weak "Worst Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
900
1000
Frequency/MHz
Figure 171: Class A2 “Weak” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission
RE TEM Cell Measurement Application "Worst Case"
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
dBµV
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Frequency/MHz
Figure 172: Class A2 “Application”at 0pF load – radiated emission
Application Note AP32111
128
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
"Worst Case" Radiated Emission
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
dBµV
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 173a: Class A2; various driver settings at no load –radiated emission
Radiated Emission "Worst Case" All Driver Settings
40
35
30
SSH-WC
25
dBµV
SME-WC
SSO-WC
20
MED-WC
15
WEA-WC
10
5
0
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 173b: Class A2; various driver settings at no load –radiated emission (zoomed)
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
6
Simulated Electromagnetic Emission
Since the various trace layout structures were not available for measurements, the emission
diagrams in Fig. 174-189 have been calculated by Fast Fourier Transformation algorithms (FFT) from
the simulated timings. Please note that the FFT calculation was done for active ports. One diagram
contains the FFTs of several driver settings. As indicated by the timing waveform in chapter 4.1.3,
different driver settings allow different data rates. The FFTs were calculated using these realistic data
rates. This fact of different base frequencies explains why the knee-points on the envelope curves
appear at different (harmonic) frequencies.
For this overview, only “point-to-point” and “bus” structures have been considered because there is
no significant difference for “star” and “tree” structures.
Furthermore, the FFT calculation was restricted to room temperature which is the standard condition
for emission measurements.
Application Note AP32111
130
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
dBµV
70
SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
50
MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
40
WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 174: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
dBµV
70
SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
50
MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
40
WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 175: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
131
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
dBµV
70
SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
50
MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
40
WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 176: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
dBµV
70
SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
50
MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
40
WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 177: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
132
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
dBµV
80
SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
70
SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
50
MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
40
WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 178: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
70
SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
50
MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
40
WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 179: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
133
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
dBµV
70
SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
50
MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
40
WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz
1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 180: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
dBµV
80
70
SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
50
SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
40
MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 181: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
134
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
dBµV
80
70
SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 182: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “P2P” layout
w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
70
SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 183: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “P2P” layout
w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
135
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
70
SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 184: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “Bus” layout
w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
70
SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 185: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “Bus” layout
w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
136
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
70
SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 186: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “P2P” layout
w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @
25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
70
SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 187: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “P2P” layout
w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
137
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
80
dBµV
70
SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY
60
SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 188: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “Bus” layout
w/ Vias w/ Term
Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C
130
120
110
100
90
dBµV
80
70
SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN
60
SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0MHz
100MHz
200MHz
300MHz
400MHz
500MHz
600MHz
700MHz
800MHz
900MHz 1000MHz
Frequency
Figure 189: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “Bus” layout
w/ Vias w/o Term
Application Note AP32111
138
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
7
Recommended settings for signal categories
7.1
General
In the previous chapters, many detailed results were provided for the impact of driver settings and
load capacitance on resulting rise and fall times as well as on conducted and radiated emission.
Generally the required signal integrity determines the selection of driver strength and slew rate for a
given toggle rate and capacitive load. However, due to the simultaneous impact on electromagnetic
emission, the weakest possible driver setting which still meets the signal integrity should be chosen.
To decide for the proper pad driver settings for a signal, its electrical characteristics should be
considered. This leads to the definition of signal categories by means of clock or data transfer (AC
view) or current driving capability (DC view). According these views, any signal can be characterized
as shown in Table 5.
Signal category
Clock rate
Capacitive load
DC driving capability
EBU clock
40..80MHz
10..50pF
n/a
System clock
20..40MHz
10..50pF
n/a
High-speed data line
5..20MHz
10..50pF
n/a
Low-speed data line
0.5..5MHz
10..50pF
n/a
Low-speed control line
<1MHz
<20pF
n/a
High-current control line
n/a
n/a
10..30mA
Medium-current control line
n/a
n/a
1..10mA
Low-current control line
n/a
n/a
<1mA
Table 5: Signal categories
The following settings for pad output drivers are available, see also Table 6:
•
strong driver / sharp edge (setting 1)
•
strong driver / medium edge (setting 2)
•
strong driver / soft edge (setting 3)
•
medium driver / no edge configuration available (setting 4)
•
weak driver / no edge configuration available (setting 5)
Driver
configuration
Edge
configuration
Signal category
Capacitive
Load
DC Current 1)
1
STRONG
SHARP
System clock
High
2.0/-2.0/-1.4 mA
2
STRONG
MEDIUM
System clock
Low
High-speed data lines
High
High-speed data lines
Low
High-current control lines
All
Low-speed data lines
All
Medium-current control lines
All
Very low-speed control lines
All
Low-current control line
All
Setting
3
4
5
STRONG
MEDIUM
WEAK
SOFT
none
none
1.8/-1.8/-1.0 mA
0.37/-0.37/-0.28mA
Table 6: Recommended output driver settings
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Note 1): Three values are given for the DC current of Class A2 pins in the format “IOL/IOH1/IOH2”. IOL is
the maximum output current for VOL≤0.4V. IOH1 is the maximum output current for VOH≥2.4V. IOH2 is
the maximum output current for VOH≥VDDP-0.4V.
The following parameters determine the final selection of driver settings:
7.2
•
signal performance category (AC and DC)
•
maximum temperature
•
maximum acceptable electromagnetic emission
Decision Tables and Graphs
Following the recommendations given above, the driver setting selection should be based on (1)
proper signal integrity and (2) minimal electromagnetic emission. Since electromagnetic emission
increases with stronger driver settings, the weakest driver and slew rate settings should be selected
which are able to force the rise/fall times required for the desired signal integrity.
This chapter offers decision numbers in table and graphical format for proper driver settings at
maximum clock or data rates expected to be driven. The rise/fall times occupy 1/6 of the clock period
each, see Fig. 190 on top. Alternatively, the rise/fall times occupy 1/4 of the clock period each, see
Fig. 190 on bottom.
U
90%
T/6
T
T/6
10%
t
U
90%
T/4
T
T/4
10%
t
Figure 190: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period
Please note that all values given in this chapter are proposals for system application designers using
Infineon Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers in 0.13µm CMOS technology. They are based
on timing measurements of Class A2 drivers operating at 3.3V supply voltage, performed on center
lot devices. Thus all values are subject to ca. 10% offset depending on fabrication process variation.
Additionally, pad supply voltages different from nominal conditions, impact the resulting timings. The
finally selected driver setting should include this ca. 10% offset. It has to be added to all numbers
given in the tables and graphs.
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Fig. 191 shows an example of a decision graph.
Figure 188: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period
The clock/data rate is given in MHz for capacitive loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50pF and driver selections
of weak, medium, strong soft/medium/sharp for Class A2 drivers. Class B2 drivers are only used in
the external bus interface, operating at high data rates. Thus Class B2 drivers are only represented
by strong-sharp and strong-medium driver settings. However, operations at 2.5V and 3.3V supply
voltage are considered.
In the example given in Fig. 164, the resulting maximum data rates are marked with red circles as
17MHz at 20pF load, 13MHz at 30pF load, 12.5MHz at 40pF load and 12MHz at 50pF load. If a pin is
intended to toggle a 35pF load at 15MHz, the strong-soft setting is not sufficient. Instead strongmedium must be selected. Strong-sharp is of course also capable of driving 35pF load at 15MHz, but
should be avoided due to unnecessary high electromagnetic emission.
The rise/fall times occupy 1/6 of the clock period each, see Fig. 163 on top. This relation should be
acceptable for most interface signals and protocols.
Tables 8 and 9 give an overview of the maximal toggle rates in [MHz] for all Class A2 driver settings
(WEA=weak, MED=medium, SSO=strong-soft, SME=strong-medium, SSH=strong-sharp) connected
to capacitive loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50pF. Each ambient temperature is marked by its own color.
According the microcontroller specification or marking, one of the following maximal temperatures
should apply: 125°C, 110°C, 85°C. The other temperatures 30°C, 0°C and -40°C are given for
reference only.
In Table 8, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/6 of the clock period. In Table 9, the rise/fall
times are assumed to occupy 1/4 of the clock period.
Fig. 189-200 show the values of Tables 8 and 9 in the graphical representation explained in Fig. 188,
separated by ambient temperatures. In the respective titles, “16% Edges” stands for rise/fall times
Application Note AP32111
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
occupying 1/6 of the clock period; “25% Edges” stands for rise/fall times occupying 1/4 of the clock
period.
Decision graphs are provided in 4 sections:
7.2.1: Measured values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply, for different ambient
temperatures from -40°C up to 125°C.
7.2.2: Simulated values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply, using point-to-point connection
between driver and receiver, consisting of a signal trace without termination, but with vias (according
Fig. 46 a), for different ambient temperatures from 30°C up to 125°C.
7.2.3: Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply, using point-to-point connection
between driver and receiver, consisting of a signal trace without termination, but with vias (according
Fig. 46 a), for different ambient temperatures from 30°C up to 125°C.
7.2.4: Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 2.5V supply, using point-to-point connection
between driver and receiver, consisting of a signal trace without termination, but with vias (according
Fig. 46 a), for different ambient temperatures from 30°C up to 125°C.
Note that the simulated values for temperatures other than 30°C and 125°C have been interpolated
from the 30°C and 125°C numbers. The measured values have been recorded for all given
temperatures.
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
7.2.1
Measured values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply
SSH
20
182.55
30
129.60
40
81.66
50
61.96
SME
56.69
45.98
32.20
27.23
SSO
16.38
14.63
10.06
10.02
MED
9.53
7.46
3.70
2.65
WEA
1.70
1.38
0.85
0.64
20
30
40
50
SSH
184.77
132.27
81.78
57.07
SME
58.79
47.17
33.93
28.39
SSO
16.68
14.84
11.07
8.43
MED
9.34
7.68
3.64
2.79
WEA
1.74
1.41
0.89
0.76
20
30
40
50
SSH
183.55
135.40
89.32
65.10
SME
60.23
49.50
35.71
29.65
SSO
17.11
15.35
9.32
8.52
MED
9.45
7.98
3.88
2.99
WEA
1.82
1.49
0.96
0.82
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
20
198.89
76.91
21.67
12.60
30
133.87
58.83
18.92
9.33
40
96.17
43.63
13.43
4.97
50
72.46
35.29
12.01
3.38
WEA
2.37
1.81
1.13
0.76
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
20
221.93
93.79
24.69
14.16
30
145.18
71.38
21.87
10.09
40
100.40
49.25
16.76
5.04
50
82.63
38.47
14.96
4.16
WEA
2.59
2.02
1.16
0.86
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
20
233.43
108.01
28.93
15.26
30
156.94
84.05
23.71
10.30
40
102.50
54.06
16.94
5.95
50
88.14
43.67
14.99
4.20
WEA
3.07
2.26
1.27
0.93
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
0°C
-40°C
.
Table 7: Maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 20..50pF; 16% edges
Application Note AP32111
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
20
30
40
50
SSH
273.82
194.40
122.49
92.94
SME
85.03
68.96
48.30
40.85
SSO
24.58
21.95
15.09
15.03
MED
14.30
11.18
5.54
3.99
WEA
2.56
2.07
1.28
0.96
20
30
40
50
SSH
277.16
198.41
122.67
85.62
SME
88.18
70.76
50.89
42.59
SSO
20.02
22.26
16.61
12.64
MED
14.01
11.51
5.46
4.19
WEA
2.61
2.11
1.33
1.14
20
30
40
50
SSH
275.33
203.09
133.98
97.66
SME
90.35
74.25
53.57
44.48
SSO
25.67
23.02
13.98
12.79
MED
14.17
11.97
5.82
4.48
WEA
2.74
2.24
1.44
1.23
20
30
40
50
SSH
298.33
200.80
144.26
108.70
SME
115.37
88.25
65.45
52.93
SSO
32.51
28.38
20.15
18.01
MED
18.90
13.99
7.45
5.06
WEA
3.56
2.72
1.69
1.14
20
30
40
50
SSH
332.89
217.77
150.60
123.95
SME
140.69
107.06
73.88
57.71
SSO
37.04
32.81
25.15
22.44
MED
21.24
15.14
7.56
6.25
WEA
3.89
3.04
1.74
1.29
20
30
40
50
SSH
350.14
235.40
153.75
132.20
SME
162.02
126.07
81.09
65.51
SSO
43.40
35.56
25.40
22.48
MED
22.89
15.45
8.92
6.29
WEA
4.60
3.39
1.91
1.40
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
0°C
-40°C
Table 8: Maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 20..50pF; 25% edges
Application Note AP32111
144
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 125°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 192: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 125°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 193: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
145
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 110°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 194: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 110°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 195: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
146
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 85°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 196: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 85°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 197: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
147
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 30°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 198: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 30°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 199: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
148
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 0°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 200: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=0°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits Class A2 at 0°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 201: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=0°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Frequency Limits Class A2 at -40°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 202: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=-40°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Frequency Limits Class A2 at -40°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 203: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=-40°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
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Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
7.2.2
Simulated values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply
Whereas the diagrams given in chapter 7.2.1 resulted from measurements on a board with simple
trace structures, and the load capacitance was formed by a capacitor, the simulation results given in
this chapter are derived from simulations of a point-to-point trace as shown in Fig. 204. The load
capacitance is formed by an adequate trace length according Table 9.
The simulation results are more
conservative
than
the
measurement results, i.e. longer
traces with vias delay the signals
up to ca. 20% compared to a short
trace without vias.
To stay on the safe side, the
values from simulation should be
taken for driver strength decisions.
Figure 204: Point-to-point trace used for timing simulations
Structure
Point-to-Point
Load
Length “l”
Width “w”
20 pF
5.1 cm
300 µm
30 pF
8.5 cm
300 µm
40pF
11.9 cm
300 µm
50 pF
15.3 cm
300 µm
Table 9: Point-to-point trace dimensions
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
152,59
36,58
14,15
5,46
0,84
30
141,98
31,71
12,40
4,81
0,73
40
70,99
22,04
10,47
3,81
0,66
50
44,00
17,12
9,07
3,45
0,60
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
160,42
39,42
15,03
5,92
0,93
30
146,92
33,10
13,31
5,19
0,80
40
74,86
23,25
11,27
4,15
0,72
50
47,57
18,08
9,81
3,76
0,66
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
175,42
45,28
16,75
6,88
1,14
30
153,82
35,69
15,15
5,98
0,98
40
82,34
25,58
12,93
4,89
0,87
50
54,99
19,93
11,36
4,40
0,79
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
212,40
67,29
22,41
10,71
2,30
30
167,80
43,11
21,78
8,97
1,85
40
105,56
32,83
19,09
7,35
1,57
50
83,75
25,73
17,38
6,23
1,38
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
Table 10: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class A2 driver settings
operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 16% edges
Application Note AP32111
151
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AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
228,89
54,87
21,23
8,20
1,26
30
212,97
47,57
18,61
7,22
1,09
40
106,48
33,06
15,70
5,71
0,99
50
66,00
25,68
13,60
5,18
0,90
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
240,63
59,13
22,54
8,88
1,40
30
220,38
49,64
19,96
7,79
1,21
40
112,29
34,87
16,91
6,23
1,09
50
71,35
27,12
14,72
5,63
0,99
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
263,14
67,92
25,13
10,33
1,72
30
230,73
53,53
22,72
8,97
1,46
40
123,52
38,37
19,39
7,34
1,31
50
82,49
29,90
17,03
6,59
1,19
SSH
SME
SSO
MED
WEA
20
318,60
100,93
33,62
16,07
3,45
30
251,70
64,67
32,66
13,46
2,77
40
158,34
49,24
28,64
11,03
2,35
50
125,63
38,60
26,07
9,35
2,07
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
Table 11: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class A2 driver settings
operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 25% edges
Application Note AP32111
152
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 205: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 206: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
153
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 207: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 208: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
154
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 209: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 210: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
155
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 16% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 211: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
10,00-15,00
SSH
50
SME
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
SSO
Driver
40
MED
30
Cload [pF]
WEA
20
Figure 212: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
156
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
7.2.3
Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply
The simulation results given in this chapters are derived from simulations of a point-to-point trace as
shown in Fig. 213. The load capacitance is formed by an adequate trace length according Table 12.
The simulation results are more
conservative
than
the
measurement results, i.e. longer
traces with vias delay the
signals up to ca. 20% compared
to a short trace without vias.
The Class B2 drivers used in the
TC1796 EBU do not offer a
Figure 213: Point-to-point trace used for timing simulations
software
controlled
driver
scaling, thus the decision
diagrams given in Fig. 214-221 identify only the frequency range which is covered by the default
strong-sharp driver setting.
Structure
Point-to-Point
Load
Length “l”
Width “w”
20 pF
5.1 cm
300 µm
30 pF
8.5 cm
300 µm
40pF
11.9 cm
300 µm
50 pF
15.3 cm
300 µm
Table 12: Point-to-point trace dimensions
Application Note AP32111
157
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
SSH
SME
20
115,33
30,90
30
95,87
22,81
40
71,03
22,48
50
60,72
17,97
SSH
SME
20
126,81
33,87
30
104,04
25,39
40
77,81
24,87
50
66,75
19,89
SSH
SME
20
152,05
40,34
30
120,92
31,28
40
92,53
30,22
50
79,99
24,20
SSH
SME
20
210,97
69,54
30
188,04
63,87
40
158,47
57,41
50
141,38
46,25
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
Table 13: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings
operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 16% edges
SSH
SME
20
172,99
46,35
30
143,81
34,22
40
106,55
33,72
50
91,08
26,96
SSH
SME
20
190,22
50,81
30
156,05
38,08
40
116,72
37,30
50
100,13
29,84
SSH
SME
20
228,07
60,51
30
181,37
46,92
40
138,79
45,33
50
119,99
36,31
SSH
SME
20
316,46
104,30
30
282,06
95,81
40
237,71
86,12
50
212,07
69,38
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
Table 14: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings
operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 25% edges
Note: The values in rows “SME” of the Tables 13 and 14 give the maximum data rate for the strongmedium driver. Since this is not selectable in Class B2 drivers, also lower data rates must be driven
by strong-sharp drivers. However, the values in rows “SSH” identify the maximum data rate which
can be achieved by the Class B2 drivers under the respective temperature and load conditions.
Application Note AP32111
158
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 214: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 25% Edges
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
Frequency [MHz] 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
95,00-100,00
90,00-95,00
85,00-90,00
80,00-85,00
75,00-80,00
70,00-75,00
65,00-70,00
60,00-65,00
55,00-60,00
50,00-55,00
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
40
SSH
Driver
30
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 215: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
159
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 216: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 217: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
160
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 218: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 219: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
161
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 220: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 221: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4period
Application Note AP32111
162
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
7.2.4
Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 2.5V supply
The simulation results given in this chapters are derived from simulations of a point-to-point trace as
shown in Fig. 222. The load capacitance is formed by an adequate trace length according Table 15.
The simulation results are more
conservative
than
the
measurement results, i.e. longer
traces with vias delay the
signals up to ca. 20% compared
to a short trace without vias.
The Class B2 drivers used in the
TC1796 EBU do not offer a
Figure 222: Point-to-point trace used for timing simulations
software
controlled
driver
scaling, thus the decision
diagrams given in Fig. 223-230 identify only the frequency range which is covered by the default
strong-sharp driver setting.
Structure
Point-to-Point
Load
Length “l”
Width “w”
20 pF
5.1 cm
300 µm
30 pF
8.5 cm
300 µm
40pF
11.9 cm
300 µm
50 pF
15.3 cm
300 µm
Table 15: Point-to-point trace dimensions
Application Note AP32111
163
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
SSH
SME
20
115,78
30,34
30
64,57
23,07
40
58,53
20,27
50
49,56
19,04
SSH
SME
20
126,33
33,81
30
71,07
25,68
40
64,28
22,71
50
53,82
21,30
SSH
SME
20
148,93
41,77
30
85,39
31,62
40
76,85
28,44
50
62,81
26,55
SSH
SME
20
210,32
68,89
30
153,42
64,38
40
134,91
63,90
50
99,30
57,98
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
Table 16: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings
operated at 2.5V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 16% edges
SSH
SME
20
173,68
45,51
30
96,86
34,61
40
87,80
30,40
50
74,34
28,56
SSH
SME
20
189,49
50,72
30
106,60
38,51
40
96,42
34,07
50
80,73
31,94
SSH
SME
20
223,39
62,66
30
128,09
47,42
40
115,28
42,66
50
94,21
39,82
SSH
SME
20
315,48
103,33
30
230,13
96,57
40
202,37
95,84
50
148,95
86,97
125°C
110°C
85°C
30°C
Table 17: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings
operated at 2.5V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 25% edges
Note: The values in rows “SME” of the Tables 17 and 18 give the maximum data rate for the strongmedium driver. Since this is not selectable in Class B2 drivers, also lower data rates must be driven
by strong-sharp drivers. However, the values in rows “SSH” identify the maximum data rate which
can be achieved by the Class B2 drivers under the respective temperature and load conditions.
Application Note AP32111
164
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 125°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 223: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 125°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 224: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
165
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 110°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 225: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 110°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 226: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
166
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 85°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 227: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 85°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 228: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period
Application Note AP32111
167
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 30°C with 16% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
0,00-5,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 229: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period
Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 30°C with 25% Edges
100
95,00-100,00
95
90,00-95,00
90
85,00-90,00
85
80,00-85,00
80
75,00-80,00
75
70,00-75,00
70
65,00-70,00
65
60,00-65,00
60
55,00-60,00
55
Frequency [MHz]
50,00-55,00
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
45,00-50,00
40,00-45,00
35,00-40,00
30,00-35,00
25,00-30,00
20,00-25,00
15,00-20,00
50
10,00-15,00
5,00-10,00
40
SSH
30
Driver
0,00-5,00
Cload [pF]
SME
20
Figure 230: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4period
Application Note AP32111
168
V1.1, 2010-06
AP32111
Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future
8
BISS
Glossary
Bosch/Infineon/SiemensVDO
Specification
An addendum to the IEC 61967 IC emission test
standard. Available on request.
CLKOUT System Clock Output
Strong output driver for the system clock.
Cload
Ideal capacitive load connected to an output driver.
Load Capacitor
di/dt
Dynamic current over time
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
The ability of an electrical device to
function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
environment (“Immunity”) without having an
impermissible effect on its environment (“Emission”).
EME
Electromagnetic Emission
Æ EMC
GND
Ground
Ground reference of the power supply.
GPIO
General Purpose Input/Output
Standard output driver with no special electric
specification.
PI
Power Integrity
Good PI means clean power supply system which is
not polluted by switching noise.
SI
Signal Integrity
Good SI means proper signal waveform to fulfill the
required data communication.
TA
Ambient Temperature
Temperature in the direct environment of the IC.
VDD
Power supply voltage in general.
VDDC
Core supply voltage = 2.5V nominal.
VDDP
Pad supply voltage = 5.0V nominal.
VSS
Æ GND
Application Note AP32111
169
V1.1, 2010-06
http://www.infineon.com
Published by Infineon Technologies AG