Analog & Interface Solutions Fall 2012 Signal Chain Design Guide Devices For Use With Sensors Design ideas in this guide use the following devices. A complete device list and corresponding data sheets for these products can be found at www.microchip.com/analog. Operational Amplifiers MCP6XX MCP6XXX MCP6VXX MCP6HXX Instrumentation Amplifiers MCP6NXX Comparators MCP654X MCP656X MCP65R4X Analog-to-Digital Converters MCP30XX MCP32XX MCP33XX MCP34XX MCP35XX MCP39XX Digital Potentiometers MCP40XX MCP40D1X MCP41XX MCP42XX MCP43XX MCP45XX MCP46XX MCP41XXX MCP42XXX Digital-to-Analog Converters MCP47XX MCP48XX MCP49XX MCP47DA1 MCP47A1 TC132X Voltage References MCP1525 MCP1541 Temperature Sensors MCP98XX MCP9700/A MCP9701/A www.microchip.com www.microchip.com/analogtools Signal Chain Overview Typical sensor applications involve the monitoring of sensor parameters and controlling of actuators. The sensor signal chain, as shown below, consists of analog and digital domains. Typical sensors output very low amplitude analog signals. These weak analog signals are amplified and filtered, and converted to digital values using op amps, analog-to-digital or voltage-to-frequency converters, and are processed at the MCU. The analog sensor output typically needs proper signal conditioning before it gets converted to a digital signal. The MCU controls the actuators and maintains the operation of the sensor signal conditioning circuits based on the condition of the signal detection. In the digital to analog feedback path, the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), digital potentiometer and Pulse-Width-Modulator (PWM) devices are most commonly used. The MOSFET driver is commonly used for the interface between the feedback circuit and actuators such as motors and valves. Microchip offers a large portfolio of devices for signal chain applications. Typical Sensor Signal Chain Control Loop Analog Domain Digital Domain Sensors Indicator (LCD, LED) Reference Voltage MUX Filter ADC/ V-to-Freq Amp PIC® MCU or dsPIC® DSC Digital Potentiometer Actuators Motors, Valves, Relays, Switches, Speakers, Horns, LEDs 2 Signal Chain Design Guide Driver (MOSFET) Op Amp DAC/PWM Sensor Overview Many system applications require the measurement of a physical or electrical condition, or the presence or absence of a known physical, electrical or chemical quantity. Analog sensors are typically used to indicate the magnitude or change in the environmental condition, by reacting to the condition and generating a change in an electrical property as a result. Typical phenomena that are measured are: ■■ Electrical signal and properties ■■ Magnetic signal and properties ■■ Temperature ■■ Humidity ■■ Force, weight, torque and pressure ■■ Motion and vibration ■■ Flow ■■ Fluid level and volume ■■ Light and infrared ■■ Chemistry/gas There are sensors that respond to these phenomena by producing the following electrical properties: ■■ Voltage ■■ Current ■■ Resistance ■■ Capacitance ■■ Charge This electrical property is then conditioned by an analog circuit before being driven to a digital circuit. In this way, the environmental condition can be “measured” and the system can make decisions based on the result. The table below provides an overview of typical phenomena, the type of sensor commonly used to measure the phenomena and electrical output of the sensor. For additional information, please refer to Application Note AN990. Summary Of Common Physical Conditions and Related Sensor Types Phenomena Magnetic Temperature Humidity Force, Weight, Torque, Pressure Motion and Vibration Flow Fluid Level and Volume Touch Proximity Light Chemical Sensor Hall Effect Magneto-Resistive Thermocouple RTD Thermistor IC Infrared Capacitive Infrared Strain Gauge Load Cell Piezoelectric Mechanical Transducer LVDT Piezoelectric Microphone Ultrosonic Accelerometer Magnetic Flowmeter Mass Flowmeter Ultrasound/Doppler Hot-wire Anemometer Mechanical Transducer (turbine) Ultrasound Mechanical Transducer Capacitor Switch Thermal Capacitance Inductance Resistance Capacitance Inductance Resistance Photodiode pH Electrode Solution Conductivity CO Sensor Photodiode (turbidity, colorimeter) Ion Sensor Electrical Output Voltage Resistance Voltage Resistance Resistance Voltage Current Capacitance Current Resistance/Voltage Resistance Voltage or Charge Resistance, Voltage, Capacitance AC Voltage Voltage or Charge Voltage Voltage, Resistive, Current Voltage Voltage Resistance/Voltage Frequency Resistance Voltage Time Delay Resistance/Voltage Capacitance On/Off Voltage Voltage Current Frequency Voltage, Frequency Current, Frequency Voltage, Current Current Voltage Resistance/Current Voltage or Charge Current Current Signal Chain Design Guide 3 Product Overviews Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) Microchip Technology offers a broad portfolio of op amp families built on advanced CMOS technology. These families are offered in single, dual and quad configurations, which are available in space saving packages. These op amp families include devices with Quiescent Current (Iq) per amplifier between 0.45 µA and 6 mA, with a Gain Bandwidth Product (GBWP) between 9 kHz and 60 MHz, respectively. The op amp with lowest supply voltage (Vdd) operates between 1.4V and 6.0V, while the op amp with highest Vdd operates between 6.5V and 16.0V. These op amp families fall into the following categories: General Purpose, Precision (including EPROM Trimmed and mCal Technology) and Zero-Drift. Instrumentation Amplifiers (INA) Microchip has expanded its portfolio of amplifiers with the industry’s first instrumentation amplifier featuring mCal technology. The MCP6N11 features rail-to-rail input and output, 1.8V operation and low offset/offset drift. Comparators Microchip offers a broad portfolio of low-power and high-speed comparators. The MCP6541 and MCP6561 family of comparators provide ultra low power, 600 nA typical, and higher speed with 40 ns propagation delay, respectively. Both families of comparators are available with single, dual and quad, as well as with push-pull and open-drain output options (for MCP6546 and MCP6566). The MCP65R41 and MCP65R46 family of push-pull and open-drain output comparators are offered with integrated reference voltages of 1.21V and 2.4V receptively. This family provides ±1% typical tolerance while consuming 2.5 μA and high speed with 4μs propagation delay. These comparators operate with a single-supply voltage as low as 1.8V to 5.5V, which makes them ideal for low cost and/or battery powered applications. Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) The MCP6S21/2/6/8 and MCP6S91/2/3 PGA families give the designer digital control over an amplifier using a serial interface (SPI bus). An input analog multiplexer with 1, 2, 6 or 8 inputs can be set to the desired input signal. The gain can be set to one of eight non-inverting gains: + 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16 and 32 V/V. In addition, a software shutdown mode offers significant power savings for portable embedded designs. This is all achieved in one simple integrated part that allows for considerably greater bandwidth, while maintaining a low supply current. Systems with multiple sensors are significantly simplified. The MCP6G01 family are analog Selectable Gain Amplifiers (SGA). The Gain Select input pin(s) set a gain of + 1 V/V, +10 V/V and + 50 V/V. The Chip Select pin on the MCP6G03 puts it into shutdown to conserve power. Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) Microchip offers a broad portfolio of high-precision Delta-Sigma, SAR and Dual Slope A/D Converters. The MCP3550/1/3 Delta-Sigma ADCs offer up to 22-bit resolution with only 120 μA typical current consumption in a small 8-pin MSOP package. The MCP3421 is a single channel 18-bit Delta-Sigma ADC and is available in a small 6-pin SOT-23 package. It includes a voltage reference and PGA. The user can select the conversion resolution up to 18 bits. The MCP3422/3 and the MCP3424 are two channel and four channel versions, respectively, of the MCP3421 device. The MCP300X (10-bit), MCP320X (12-bit) and MCP330X (13-bit) SAR ADCs combine high performance and low power consumption in a small package, making them ideal for embedded control applications. The MCP3911 analog front end offer two simultaneously sampled 24-bit Delta-Sigma ADCs making it ideal for voltage and current measurement, and other data acquisition applications. The “Analog-to-Digital Converter Design Guide” (Microchip Document No. 21841) shows various application examples of the ADC devices. Microchip also offers many high accuracy energy metering devices which are based on the Delta-Sigma ADC cores. The “Complete Utility Metering Solution Guide” (Microchip Document No: 24930) offers detailed solutions for metering applications. 4 Signal Chain Design Guide Product Overviews Voltage References Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) Microchip offers the MCP15XX family of low power and low dropout precision Voltage References. The family includes the MCP1525 with an output voltage of 2.5V and the MCP1541 with an output voltage of 4.096V. Microchip’s voltage references are offered in SOT23-3 and TO-92 packages. Microchip’s family of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) offer a wide range of options. These devices support the 6-bit through 12-bit applications. Offering both volatile and non-volatile options, and standard SPI and I2C digital interfaces. These devices are offered in small packages such as 6-lead SC70, SOT-23 and DFN (2 × 2) for the single output devices and 10-pin MSOP for quad output devices. Some versions support selecting either the device Vdd, the external voltage reference or an internally generated voltage reference source from the DAC circuitry. Devices with nonvolatile memory (EEPROM) allow the device to retain the programmed output code and DAC state through power down events. Temperature Sensors Microchip offers a broad portfolio of thermal management products, including Logic Output, Voltage Output and Serial Output temperature sensors. These products allow the system designer to implement the device that best meets the application requirements. Key features include high accuracy (such as MCP9808, with ±0.5°C maximum accuracy from −20°C to 100°C), low power, extended temperature range and small packages. In addition, other Microchip products can be used to support Thermocouple, RTD and Thermistor applications. These DAC devices provide high accuracy and low noise and are ideal for industrial applications where calibration or compensation of signals (such as temperature, pressure or humidity) is required. Digital Potentiometers Microchip’s family of digital potentiometers offer a wide range of options. These devices support the 6-bit through 8-bit applications. Offering both volatile and non-volatile options, with digital interfaces from the simple Up/Down interface to the standard SPI and I2C™ interfaces. These devices are offered in small packages such as 6-lead SC70 and 8-lead DFN for the single potentiometer devices, 14-lead TSSOP and 16-lead QFN packages for the dual potentiometer devices, and 20-lead TSSOP and QFN packages for the quad potentiometer devices. Non-volatile devices offer a Wiperlock™ Technology feature, while volatile devices will operate down to 1.8V. Resistances are offered from 2.1 kΩ to 100 kΩ. Over 50 device configurations are currently available. The “Digital Potentiometer Design Guide” (Microchip Document No. 22017), shows various application examples of the digital potentiometer devices. Signal Chain Design Guide 5 Local Sensors Local Sensing Sensors and Applications Local sensors are located relatively close to their signal conditioning circuits, and the noise environment is not severe; most of these sensors are single ended (not differential). Non-inverting amplifiers are a good choice for amplifying most of these sensors’ output because they have high input impedance, and require a minimal amount of discrete components. Single Sensors Key Amplifier Features ■■ Low cost • General purpose op amps ■■ High precision • Low offset op amps • Zero-drift op amps • Low noise op amps ■■ Rail-to-rail input/output • Most op amp families ■■ High input impedance • Op amps with CMOS inputs ■■ Low power and portable applications • Low power op amps ■■ High voltage • High voltage op amps ■■ High bandwidth and slew rate • High speed op amps ■■ Load drive • High output drive op amps ■■ T hermistors for battery chargers and power supply temperature protection ■■ Humidity Sensors for process control ■■ Pyroelectric infrared intrusion alarms, motion detection and garage door openers ■■ Smoke and fire sensors for home and office ■■ Charge amplifier for Piezoelectric Transducer detection ■■ Thermistor for battery chargers and home thermostats ■■ LVDT position and rotation sensors for industrial control ■■ Hall effect sensors for engine speed sensing and door openers ■■ Photoelectric infrared detector ■■ Photoelectric motion detectors, flame detectors, intrusion alarms ■■ Sensing resistor for current detection Multiple Local Sensors ■■ Temperature measurement at multiple points on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) ■■ Sensors that require temperature correction ■■ Weather measurements (temperature, pressure, humidity, light) Capacitive Humidity Sensor Circuit (PIC16F690DM-PCTLHS) Classic Gain Amplifier 100 nF – U1 + + PIC16F690 VOUT MCP6XX, MCP6XXX pH Monitor - R2 R2 (R )+V Signal Chain Design Guide VCM VDD C2 100 nF U2 MCP6291 – R2 1 REF RCM1 20 kΩ + VREF RSEN << R1, R2 6 CSEN CCM 100 nF R1 VOUT = (V1 – V2) SR Latch VOUT – V2 VSEN CCG Comparator MCP6HXX P2 P3 VDD ISEN RINT 6.65 MΩ IINT Timer1 VREF + RSEN R1 P1 VINT P4 High Side Current Sensing Amplifier V1 VDD_DIG C1 RCM2 20 kΩ Remote Sensors Differential Amplifier All sensors in a high noise environment should be considered as remote sensors. Also, sensors not located on the same PCB as the signal conditioning circuitry are remote. Remote sensing applications typically use a differential amplifier or an instrumentation amplifier. VREF EMI Products ■■ High Precision • Low Offset Op Amps • Auto-zeroed Op Amps • Low Noise Op Amps Sensors and Applications ■■ High temperature sensors • Thermocouples for stoves, engines and process control • RTDs for ovens and process control ■■ Wheatstone Bridges • Pressure sensors for automotive and industrial control • Strain gauges for engines ■■ Low side current monitors for motors and batteries VOUT + EMI Key Amplifier Features ■■ Differential input ■■ Large CMR ■■ Small Vos – Remote Sensing MCP6VXX MCP616 Thermocouple Circuit Using an INA THJ (Hot Junction) Input Filter TCJ (Cold Junction) Temp. Sensor + INA – + ADC – 2 VREF MCU 2 Signal Chain Design Guide 7 Weight and Pressure Sensing Applications Weight and pressure measurement have been among the most popular applications for medical, industrial, automotive and consumer industries. In recent years, the MEMS pressure/accelerometer devices have become widely used in many applications and support our modern life style. The majority of weight scale and pressure measurement circuits use bridge type ratiometric configuration. In this case, the output voltage range from the sensor circuit is proportional to the excitation voltage. The following circuit shows an example weight measurement application. In the figure, the output from the load cell is amplified by the low noise op amplifier and fed to the MCP3421 18-bit delta sigma ADC. The following circuit shows an example of pressure measurement using the MCP3551 22-bit Delta-Sigma ADC. In this example, the MCP3551 is directly connected to the NPP-301 sensor output without using the sensor signal conditioning circuit. Since the MCP3551 uses an external reference input, the same supply voltage is used for the ADC reference and Vdd, and the sensor excitation. Therefore, the variation in the sensor excitation source is naturally cancelled out. Example of Pressure Measurement Circuit Configuration using the MCP3551 Device 0.1 µF 1.0 µF Example of Weight Measurement Circuit Configuration (MCP3421DM-WS) To VDD NPP-301 2 R2 VExcitation + Load Cell 0.00 ½ MCP6V02 PSI – R3 R4 MCP3421 ADC R1 1 VREF VIN+ MCP3551 VIN3 VSS 4 PIC® MCU ∆V ~ [(∆R2+ ∆R4) - (∆R1+∆R3)]/4R * VDD + – With R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R ½ MCP6V02 Sensor Signal Conditioning 8 Signal Chain Design Guide 8 VDD SCK SDO CS SPI 5, 6, 7 MCU Voltage and Current Measurement DC Voltage and Current Measurement DC voltage and current measurement can be easily done by using low speed high resolution Delta Sigma ADC such as MCP3421 and MCP3422 family devices. The MCP3421 is a single channel device while the MCP3422 is a dual channel device, which can measure the voltage and current using the same device. Voltage Measurement Using MCP3421 Device (a) If VREF < VBAT VIN + – VBAT R2 Battery Fuel Charger Charging Current S2 VBAT MCP73831 CH B R1 CH A Decharging Current MCP3422 S1 STAT – PROG Load MCU R3 Battery Fuel Measurement + VBAT ADC Example Circuit for Battery Fuel Management by measuring Battery Voltage and Current R2 (b) If VREF > VBAT R1 By measuring the battery voltage and current, an intelligent battery fuel management algorithm can be developed. The figure below shows an example of battery fuel management circuit. The MCP3422 measures both voltage and current draws of the battery, and the system tracks how much the battery fuel has been used and remained. The MCU controls the MCP73831 for the recharging of the single cell Li-Ion battery Battery The following circuits show simple example of Battery voltage and current measurement using the MCP3421. The MCP3421 uses internal reference voltage of 2.048V. If the input voltage is greater than the reference, it needs a voltage divider to bring down the input full scale range below the reference voltage. This example is shown in example circuit (a). In the current measurement, the ADC is simply connected across a simple shunt current sensor as shown in the figure. The current is calculated using the measured voltage value and a known shunt’s resistance value. The MCP3421 has a differential input and the MSb in the output bit represents the direction of the current. Battery Fuel Management by Measuring Battery Voltage and Current ADC MCP3421 MCP3421 MCU MCU ________ R2 VIN = ( R1 + R2 ) ● (VBAT) (R1 + R2) 1 VMeasured = ADC Output Codes ● LSB ● _________ ● _____ R2 PGA Reference Voltage LSB = ________________ 2 N –1 Reference Voltage ______ 2.048V LSB of 18-bit ADC = ________________ = = 15.625 µV 2 N –1 217 Current Measurement Using MCP3421 Device Current Sensor Charging Current + Battery – ADC To Load Discharging Current MCP3421 MCU Current = (Measured Voltage)/(Known Resistance Value of Current Sensor) Direction of current is determined by sign bit (Msb bit) of the ADC output code. Signal Chain Design Guide 9 Voltage and Current Measurement AC Voltage and Current Measurement Shunt resistors are a common and low cost method for current sensing. Isolated methods include the use of Current transformers and Rogowski coils. The Current Measurement using Rogowski Coil figure shows an example of the current measurement using the Rogowski coil. The Rogowski coil picks-up the electro-magnetic field (EMF) produced by the current at the center. This EMF is measured as voltage. The voltage is integrated so that the output is a voltage that represents the current waveform. AC voltage and current measurement can be done by using energy metering Delta Sigma ADC such as MCP39XX devices. The Three-Phase Current and Voltage Measurement figure below shows an example of measuring three-phase current using the MCP3911. The measured data is processed by the PIC24F. Example of Three-Phase Current and Voltage Measurement Using the MCP3911 Energy Metering Delta-Sigma ADC LCD Driver ~ AC Shunt LCD Panel GPIO ×3 Current Sampling SPI I2C™ EEPROM PIC24FJ256GA110 SPI Family Smart Card Reader MCP3911 Voltage Sampling Flash 128–256 kB Low Voltage Detect RS485 PLC IrDA® RS485 UART UART UART UART Power Supply Battery Prepayment Card RAM 16 kB ADC 10-bit 16 ch RTCC Load 32 KHz NTC Thermistor Current Measurement Using Rogowski Coil C1 B-Field R1 I(t) R2 VDD 1 VOUT VIN 10 Signal Chain Design Guide 2 ADC Temperature Sensing Solutions Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) Solutions Thermistor Solution Thermistors are non-linear and require a look up table for compensation. The solution is to use Microchip’s Linear Active Thermistors, the MCP9700 and the MCP9701. These are low-cost voltage output temperature sensors that replace almost any Thermistor application solutions. Unlike resistive type sensors such as Thermistors, the signal conditioning at the non-linear region and noise immunity circuit development overhead can be avoided by using the low-cost Linear Active Thermistors. The voltage output pin (Vout) can be directly connected to the ADC input of a microcontroller. The MCP9700/9700A and MCP9701/9701A temperature coefficients are scaled to provide a 1°C/bit resolution for an 8-bit ADC with a reference voltage of 2.5V and 5V, respectively.The MCP9700 and MCP9701 sensors output can be compensated for improved sensor accuracy as shown below, refer to the AN1001 application note. RTD Solution with Precision Delta-Sigma ADC Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are highly accurate and repeatable temperature sensing elements. When using these sensors a robust instrumentation circuit is required and it is typically used in high performance thermal management applications such as medical instrumentation. Microchip’s RTD solution uses a high performance DeltaSigma Analog to Digital converter, two external resistors, and a reference voltage to measure RTD resistance or temperature ratiometrically. A ±0.1°C accuracy and ±0.01°C measurement resolution can be achieved across the RTD temperature range of −200°C to +800°C with a single point calibration. This solution uses a common reference voltage to bias the RTD and the ADC which provides a ratio-metric relation between the ADC resolution and the RTD temperature resolution. Only one biasing resistor, RA, is needed to set the measurement resolution ratio (shown in equation below). MCP9700 and MCP9701 Key Features ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ SC70, TO92 packages Operating temperature range: −40°C to +150°C Temperature Coeffi cient: 10 mV/°C (MCP9700) Temperature Coeffi cient: 19.5 mV/°C (MCP9701) Low power: 6 μA (typ.) RTD Resistance RRTD = RA Where: Code = RA = n = Applications ■■ Refrigeration equipment ■■ Power supply over temperature protection ■■ General purpose temperature monitoring Typical Sensor Accuracy Before and After Compensation (2 ) Code − Code n−1 ADC output code Biasing resistor ADC number of bits (22 bits with sign, MCP3551) For instance, a 2V ADC reference voltage (Vref) results in a 1 μV/LSb (Least Significant Bit) resolution. Setting RA = RB = 6.8 kΩ provides 111.6 μV/°C temperature coefficient (PT100 RTD with 0.385Ω/°C temperature coefficient). This provides 0.008°C/LSb temperature measurement resolution for the entire range of 20Ω to 320Ω or −200°C to +800°C. A single point calibration with a 0.1% 100Ω resistor provides ±0.1°C accuracy as shown in the figure below. This approach provides a plug-and-play solution with minimum adjustment. However, the system accuracy depends on several factors such as the RTD type, biasing circuit tolerance and stability, error due to power dissipation or self-heat, and RTD non-linear characteristics. This solution can be evaluated using Microchip’s RTD Reference Design Board (TMPSNSRD-RTD2). RTD Instrumentation Circuit Block Diagram and Output Performance (see Application Note AN1154) VDD C* VREF 1 µF VDD PIC® MCU 3 SPI 0.1 RB 5% RA 1% VREF MCP3551 + – RTD Measured Accuracy (°C) C* VLDO LDO 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1 -200 0 200 400 Temperature (°C) 600 800 *See LDO Data Sheet at: www.microchip.com/LDO Signal Chain Design Guide 11 Temperature Sensing Solutions Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) Solutions RTD Solution with RC Oscillators RC oscillators offer several advantages in precision sensing applications. They do not require an Analog-toDigital Converter (ADC), and oscillator can be directly connected to an Input/Output pin of a microcontroller to measure change in frequency proportional to sensor output. The accuracy of the frequency measurement is directly related to the quality of the microcontroller’s clock signal, and high-frequency oscillators for the controller are available with accuracies of better than 10 ppm. The oscillator circuits shown in the Oscillator Circuits For Sensors section can be used for this method. The variable resistor of the circuits (Figure: Oscillator Circuits for Resistive Sensors) are replaced with the RTD sensor. There is an example of a state variable RC oscillator, which provides an output frequency that is proportional to the square root of the product of the two RTD resistances (α 1/(R1 × R2)1/2). A second example shows the relaxation oscillator (or astable multi-vibrator), which provides a square wave output with a single comparator. Thermocouple Sensor Solutions Thermocouple Solution with Precision Delta-Sigma ADC Delta-Sigma ADCs can be used to directly measure thermocouple voltage. Microchip’s MCP3421 ADC can be used to accurately measure temperature using a Thermocouple. The device provides a plug and play solution for various types of thermocouples, greatly simplifying the circuit design. In this case, the Thermocouple linearization routine is implemented in firmware or software. Cold Junction Compensation is implemented using Microchip’s stand alone digital temperature sensors, such as the ±0.5C accurate MCP9808. This solution can be evaluated using Microchip’s Thermocouple Reference Design Board (TMPSNSRD-TCPL1). Thermocouple Solution with Auto-Zero’ed Op Amp PIC18F2550 USB PIC® Microcontroller The state variable RC oscillator is good for precision applications, while the relaxation oscillator is an alternative for cost-sensitive applications. RTD Solution with Instrumentation Amplifier This Wheatstone bridge reference design board demonstrates the performance of Microchip’s MCP6N11 instrumentation amplifier (INA) and a traditional three op amp INA using Microchip’s MCP6V26 and MCP6V27 auto-zeroed op amps. The input signal comes from an RTD temperature sensor in a Wheatstone bridge. Real world interference is added to the bridge’s output, to provide realistic performance comparisons. Data is gathered and displayed on a PC, for ease of use. The USB PIC®microcontroller and included Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides the means to configure the board and collect sample data. MCP6N11 and MCP6V2X Wheatstone Bridge Reference Design (ARD00354) 2 Thermocouple MCP3421 18-bit ADC Thermal Pad MCP9804 Temp. Sensor 2 Microchip’s auto-zeroed op amp can be used to accurately measure thermocouple voltage. The MCP6V01 op amp ultra low offset voltage and high common mode rejection makes it ideal for low cost thermocouple applications. The MCP6V01 Thermocouple Auto-Zeroed Reference design demonstrates how to accurately measure temperature (MCP6V01RD-TCPL). Wireless Temperature Monitoring Solution 2.4 GHz Heat 18-bit ∆∑ ADC + – PC (Thermal Management Software) MCP3421 MRF24J40 (Thermocouple) VDD Using USB PIC18F2550 (USB) Microcontroller 12-bit ADC Module PWM RTD PWM Coupling Input Filter + INA – VREF 12 Signal Chain Design Guide Output Filter MCP9804 Temp Sensor ±1°C PIC® MCU Temperature Sensing Solutions Temperature Measurements Using 4 Channel ADC (MCP3424) See Thermocouple Reference Design (TMPSNSRD-TCPL1) Thermocouple Sensor Isothermal Block (Cold Junction) Isothermal Block (Cold Junction) MCP3424 Delta-Sigma ADC MCP9804 SCL SDA 0.1 µF 1 CH1+ CH4- 14 2 CH1- CH4+ 13 3 CH2+ CH3- 12 4 CH2- CH3+ 11 5 VSS Adr1 10 6 VDD Adr0 9 7 SDA SCL 8 MCP9804 SDA SCL VDD MCP9804 MCP9804 10 µF Heat SCL SDA SDA SCL SCL SDA 5 kΩ To MCU 5 kΩ VDD Signal Chain Design Guide 13 Programmable Gain Programmable Amplifier Gain Using a Digital Potentiometer Many sensors require their signal to be amplified before being converted to a digital representation. This signal gain may be done with and operational amplifier. Since all sensors will have some variation in their operational characteristics, it may be desirable to calibrate the gain of the operational amplifier to ensure an optimal output voltage range. The feedback capacitor (Cf) is used for circuit stability. The device’s wiper resistance (Rw) is ignored for first order calculations. This is due to it being in series with the op amp input resistance and the op amp input impedance is very large. Circuit Gain Equation Vout = − Rbw × Vin Raw The figure below shows two inverting amplifier with programmable gain circuits. The generic circuit (a) where R1, R2, and Pot1 can be used to tune the gain of the inverting amplifier, and the simplified circuit (b) which removes resistors R1 and R2 and just uses the digital potentiometers Raw and Rbw ratio to control the gain. The simplified circuit reduces the cost and board area but there are trade-offs (for the same resistance and resolution), Using the R1 and R2 resistors allows the range of the gain to be limited and therefore each digital potentiometer step is a fine adjust within that range. While in the simplified circuit, the range is not limited and therefore each digital potentiometer step causes a larger variation in the gain. The following equation shows how to calculate the gain for the simplified circuit (figure below). The gain is the ratio of the digital potentiometers wiper position on the Rab resistor ladder. As the wiper moves away from the midscale value, the gain will either become greater then one (as wiper moves towards Terminal A), or less then one (as wiper moves towards Terminal B). Inverting Amplifier with Programmable Gain Circuits Generic Circuit (a) VIN Pot1 R1 A W The MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail Demo Board features the MCP6S22 and MCP6S92 Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA). These devices overcome the non-linear response of a NTC thermistor, multiplex between two inputs and provide gain. It demonstrates the possibility of measuring multiple sensors and reducing the number of PIC microcontroller I/O pins used. Two on-board variable resistors allow users to experiment with different designs on the bench. A complete solution is achieved by interfacing this board to the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit (see DS40051) and the Signal Analysis PICtail Daughter Board (see DS51476). MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail™ Demo Board (MCP6SX2DM-PICTLTH) Software PICkit™ 1 Serial Analysis PC Program – PICkit 1 Flash Starter Kit VOUT PICkit 1 Firmware 14 + Signal Analysis PICtail Daughter Board Simplified Circuit (b) PICA2Dlab.hex Firmware 14 MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail Demo Board B W CF MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail™ Demo Board – + Note 1: A general purpose op amp, such as the MCP6001. Signal Chain Design Guide PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit Signal Analysis PICtail Daughter Board Thermistor Temperature Op Amp(1) 14 Programmable Gain Amplifier USB CF Pot1 A Raw = # of Resistors − Wiper Code × Rab # of Resistors PC Op Amp(1) Input Rab × Wiper Code # of Resistors Hardware R2 B Rbw = VOUT +5 Test Point GND Test Point Thermistor Voltage Divider +5 GND 4 SPI™ Bus CH0 Input Test Point CH1 Input Test Point Serial EEPROM +5 GND PGA MCP6S22 4 SPI Bus VOUT PIC16F684 ADC PIC16F745 USB to PC Sensor Calibration/Compensation Sensor Characteristics Sensor characteristics vary, both for device to device as well as for a given device over the operating conditions. To optimize system operation, this sensor variation may require some compensation. This compensation may simply address device to device variation, or be more dynamic to also address the variations of the device over the operating conditions. The system voltage and temperature may effect the sensor output characteristics such as output voltage offset and linearity. This conditioning circuit can also be used to optimize the range of the sensors conditioned signal into the Analog-to-Digital conversion circuit. Conditioning Circuit (Optimizes Sensor’s Output) Analog-to-Digital Conversion Depending on the sensor, the sensor’s output may either be voltage or a current. A possible compensation circuit for each output type will be discussed. In this first case, the sensor generates an output voltage. Temperature sensors are typical sensors that generate a voltage output which varies unit to unit. In this second case, the sensor generates an output current. Photodiodes are a typical sensors that generate a current output, and can vary ±30% at +25°C (unit-to-unit). Current to Voltage A simple current to voltage converter circuit (see Figure below), is used to create a voltage on the output of the op amp (V1), which can then be compensated. In this circuit, the photodiodes Ipd current times the Rf resistance equals the voltage at the op amps output (V1). The Rf resistance needs to be selected so that at the minimum Ipd(max) current, the Vout voltage is at the maximum input voltage for the next stage of the signal chain. Typically this will be done when the DAC or Digital Potentiometer is at Full Scale (so Vout ≈ V1). For photodiodes where the Ipd(max) current exceeds the minimum Ipd(max) current (increasing the V1 voltage), the DAC or Digital Potentiometer Wiper code be programmed to attenuate the that V1 voltage to the desired Vout max voltage. This then compensates for the variation of the photodiode‘s Ipd current. Photodiode Calibration (Trans-Impedance Amplifier) CF A simple voltage control circuit (see figure below) can ensure that the sensors output voltage is optimized to the input range of the next stage in the signal chain. This circuit is a gain amplifier, where the R1 and R2 resistances determine the amplifier’s gain. The amplifier’s output voltage range is limited by the Vdd and Vss voltages. Controlling the Vos voltage can optimize the Vout voltage profile, based on the sensor’s output voltage (Vsen). Inverting Amplifier (Voltage Gain) R2 – Op Amp VOUT + VIN VOS VPD IPD V1 Op Amp C(1) A VOUT B CN RAB VDD R1 VSEN RF + Voltage Control – Sensor Typically during the manufacturing stage the test system will write this compensation data into some non-volatile memory in the system which the microcontroller will use during normal operation to adjust the Vos voltage. VDD Either a DAC or a Digital Potentiometer can be used to control the voltage at Vos. This device can be a nonvolatile version so that at system power up the Vos voltage is at the calibrated voltage, programmed during manufacturing test, to address the sensor’s device to device variation. If dynamic control is desired, the DAC or Digital Potentiometer can be interfaced to a microcontroller so that dynamic changes to the Vos voltage compensate for the system conditions and non-linearity of the sensor. This device can be a non-volatile version so that at system power up the voltage attenuation is at the level, programmed during manufacturing test, to address the sensor’s device to device variation. If dynamic control is desired, the DAC or Digital Potentiometer can be interfaced to a microcontroller so that dynamic changes to the voltage attenuation compensate for the system conditions and non-linearity of the sensor. Typically during the manufacturing stage the test system will write this compensation data into some non-volatile memory in the system which the microcontroller will use during normal operation to adjust the voltage attenuation. Cf may be used to stabilize the op amp. Additional information on Amplifying High-Impedance Sensors is available in Application Note AN951. Signal Chain Design Guide 15 Sensor Calibration/Compensation Setting the DC Set Point for Sensor Circuit A common DAC application is digitally controlling the set point and/or calibration of parameters in a signal chain. The figure below shows controlling the DC set point of a light detector sensor using the MCP4728 12-bit quad DAC device. The DAC provides 4096 output steps. If G = 1 and internal reference voltage options are selected, then the internal 2.048 Vref would produce 500 µV of resolution. If G = 2 is selected, the internal 2.048 Vref would produce 1 mV of resolution. If a smaller output step size is desired, the output range would need to be reduced. So, using gain of 1 is a better choice than using gain of 2 configuration option for smaller step size, but its full-scale range is one half of that of the gain of 2. Using a voltage divider at the DAC output is another method for obtaining a smaller step size. Setting the DC Set Point VDD Comparator 1 RSENSE – VTRIP1 R2 Light VDD R1 R3 VDD 1 10 2 9 VOUT D SDA 3 8 VOUT C LDAC 4 7 VOUT B RDY/BSY 5 6 VOUT A Comparator 3 RSENSE Where Dn = Input Code (0 to 4095) GX = Gain Selection (x1 or x2) R1 VTRIP3 R2 Light 0.1 µF VDD Comparator 4 RSENSE R1 VTRIP4 R2 MCP6544(3/4) – To MCU R2 VTRIP = VOUT x R1 + R2 Signal Chain Design Guide VDD Analog Outputs VOUT = VREF x Dn GX 4096 16 Light 0.1 µF + Quad DAC MCP6544(2/4) VSS + MCP4728 0.1 µF – R6 VTRIP2 R2 SCL R5 Comparator 2 – 10 µF MCP6544(1/4) VDD RSENSE 0.1 µF R4 0.1 µF + R1 + Light MCP6544(4/4) Oscillator Circuits For Sensors RC oscillators can accurately and quickly measure resistive and capacitive sensors. The oscillator period (or frequency) is measured against a reference clock signal, so no analog-to-digital convertor is needed. Some of their advantages and features are: ■■ Low cost ■■ Reliable oscillation startup ■■ Square wave output ■■ Frequency ∝ 1/(R1C1) State-Variable Oscillators Sensors and Applications State-variable oscillators have reliable start-up, low sensitivity to stray capacitances and multiple output configurations (sine wave or square wave). They can use one or two resistive sensors, and they can use one or two capacitive sensors. These oscillator circuits are applicable to various type of sensors. Some of their advantages and features are: ■■ Precision ■■ Reliable oscillation startup ■■ Sine or square wave output ■■ Frequency ∝ 1/(R1R2C1C2)1/2 C4 Relaxation Oscillator: State Variable Oscillator: VDD R8 – – VREF + MCP6XX4 + – ... – U1d MCP6XX4 + VREF U1c MCP6XX4 C1 R4 U2 VREF + – U1a U1 MCP65X1 MCP6XX4 MCP65X1 C2 R2 U1d C1 – VREF R1 Notes: A resistive divider to VDD sets VREF (VDD/2 is re Oscillator Circuits for Capacitive Sensors Relaxation Oscillator: State Variable Oscillator: VDD C1 R4 C4 Relaxation Oscillator: VDD C2 R2 R3 R4 R7 R8 VOUT – + C1 – – U1d VREF + MCP6XX4 – U1a U1 MCP65X1 + – VREF + VOUT U1b MCP6XX4 VREF + R3 U1c MCP6XX4 R1 Note: In AN895, R1 = RTD. VREF MCP6XX4 + ... VREF – R2 R4 VOUT + R3 U2 – U1 MCP65X1 MCP65X1 C1 R1 Notes: A resistive divider to VDD sets VREF (VDD/2 is recommended). Signal Chain Design Guide Relaxation Oscillator: U1b MCP6XX4 Note: In AN895, R1 = RTD. VREF MCP6XX4 + ... Notes: In AN895, R1 = RTDA and R2 = RTDA. A resistive divider to VDD sets VREF (VDD/2 is recommended). R1 R2 R VOUT R3 – VREF + R1R2 + R7 + R4 + MCP6XX4 – – R3 U1b U1b MCP6XX4 – VREF U1a VREF VREF AN895: Oscillator CircuitsMCP6XX4 for .RTD Temperature Sensors + .. AN866: .Designing Operational Amplifier Oscillator Circuits for Sensor Applications Notes: In AN895, R1 = RTDA and R2 = RTDA. A resisti VOUT VREF R VREF (VDD /2 is recommended). Available on the Microchipsets web site at: www.microchip.com. State Variable Oscillator: C2 – + Related Application Notes:U1d Oscillator Circuits for Resistive Sensors R2 C2 R2 ■■ Humidity VREF U1a ■■ Pressure (e.g., absolute quartz) MCP6XX4 ■■ Fluid Level Relaxation oscillators have reliable start-up, low cost and square wave output. They can use a resistive sensor or a capacitive sensor. C1 C1 R1 Capacitive Sensors Relaxation Oscillators R1 State Variable Oscillator: – Resistive Sensors ■■ RTDs ■■ Thermistors ■■ Humidity + Oscillator Circuits for Sensors 17 Development Software FilterLab® Software Microchip’s FilterLab software is an innovative software tool that simplifies analog active filter (using op amps) design. Available at no cost from the Microchip website at www.microchip.com/filterlab, the FilterLab design tool provides full schematic diagrams of the filter circuit with component values. It also outputs the filter circuit in SPICE format, which can be used with the macro model to simulate actual filter performance. SPICE Macro Models The SPICE macro models for linear ICs (op amps and comparators) are available on the Microchip website at www.microchip.com/spicemodels. The models were written and tested in PSPICE owned by Orcad (Cadence). For other simulators, they may require translation. The models cover a wide aspect of the linear ICs’ electrical specifications. Not only do the models cover voltage, current and resistance of the linear ICs, but they also cover the temperature and noise effects on the behavior of the linear ICs. The models have not been verified outside the specification range listed in the linear ICs’ datasheet. The models’ behavior under these conditions cannot be guaranteed to match the actual linear ICs’ performance. Moreover, the models are intended to be an initial design tool. Bench testing is a very important part of any design and cannot be replaced with simulations. Also, simulation results using these macro models need to be validated by comparing them to the datasheet specifications and characteristcs curves. Filter Lab Window 18 Signal Chain Design Guide SPICE Macro Model Example Development Tools These following development boards support the development of signal chain applications. These product families may have other demonstration and evaluation boards that may also be useful. For more information visit www.microchip.com/analogtools. Reference Designs Battery MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo (MCP3421DM-BFG) The MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo Board demonstrates how to measure the battery voltage and discharging current using the MCP3421. The MCU algorithm calculates the battery fuel being used. This demo board is shipped with 1.5V AAA non-rechargeable battery. The board can also charge a single-cell 4.2V Li-Ion battery. Pressure MCP3551 Tiny Application (Pressure) Sensor Demo (MCP355XDM-TAS) This 1" × 1" board is designed to demonstrate the performance of the MCP3550/1/3 devices in a simple low-cost application. The circuit uses a ratiometric sensor configuration and uses the system power supply as the voltage reference. The extreme common mode rejection capability of the MCP355X devices, along with their excellent normal mode power supply rejection at 50 and 60 Hz, allows for excellent system performance. MCP3551 Sensor Application Developer’s Board (MCP355XDV-MS1) The MCP355X Sensor Developer’s Board allows for easy system design of high resolution systems such as weigh scale, temperature sensing, or other small signal systems requiring precise signal conditioning circuits. The reference design includes LCD display firmware that performs all the necessary functions including ADC sampling, USB communication for PC data analysis, LCD display output, zero cancellation, full scale calibration, and units display in gram (g), kilogram (kg) or ADC output units. Photodiode MCP6031 Photodiode PICtail Plus Demo Board (MCP6031DM-PTPLS) The MCP6031 Photodiode PICtail Plus Demo Board demonstrates how to use a trans impedance amplifier, which consists of MCP6031 high precision op amp and external resistors, to convert photo-current to voltage. Temperature Sensors Thermocouple Reference Design (TMPSNSRD-TCPL1) The Thermocouple Reference Design demonstrates how to instrument a Thermocouple and accurately sense temperature over the entire Thermocouple measurement range. This solution uses the MCP3421 18-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to measure voltage across the Thermocouple. MCP6V01 Thermocouple Auto-Zero Reference Design (MCP6V01RD-TCPL) The MCP6V01 Thermocouple AutoZeroed Reference Design demonstrates how to use a difference amplifier system to measure electromotive force (EMF) voltage at the cold junction of thermocouple in order to accurately measure temperature at the hot junction. This can be done by using the MCP6V01 auto-zeroed op amp because of its ultra low offset voltage (Vos) and high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). RTD Reference Design Board (TMPSNSRD-RTD2) The RTD Reference Design demonstrates how to implement Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) and accurately measure temperature. This solution uses the MCP3551 22-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to measure voltage across the RTD. The ADC and the RTD are referenced using an onboard reference voltage and the ADC inputs are directly connected to the RTD terminals. This provides a ratio metric temperature measurement. The solution uses a current limiting resistor to bias the RTD. It provides a reliable and accurate RTD instrumentation without the need for extensive circuit compensation and calibration routines. MCP6N11 and MCP6V2X Wheatstone Bridge Reference Design (ARD00354) This board demonstrates the performance of Microchip’s MCP6N11 instrumentation amplifier (INA) and a traditional three op amp INA using Microchip’s MCP6V26 and MCP6V27 auto-zeroed op amps. The input signal comes from an RTD temperature sensor in a Wheatstone bridge. Signal Chain Design Guide 19 Development Tools Demonstration Boards ADCs MCP3911 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-bit MCUs (ADM00398) The MCP3911 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs system provides the ability to evaluate the performance of the MCP3911 dual-channel ADC. It also provides a development platform for 16-bit PIC-based applications, using existing 100-pin PIM systems compatible with the Explorer-16 and other high pin count PIC demo boards. The system comes with a programmed PIC24FJ256GA110 PIM module that communicates with the included PC software for data exchange and ADC configuration. MCP3421 Weight Scale Demo Board (MCP3421DM-WS) The MCP3421 Weight Scale Demo Board is designed to evaluate the performance of the low-power consumption, 18-bit ADC in an electronic weight scale design. Next to the MCP3421 there is a lownoise, auto-zero MCP6V07 op amp. This can be used to investigate the impact of extra gain added before the ADC for performance improvement. The PIC18F4550 is controlling the LCD and the USB communication with the PC. The GUI is used to indicate the performance parameters of the design and for calibration of the weight scale. MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gage Demo Board (MCP3421DM-BFG) The MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo Board demonstrates how to measure the battery voltage and discharging current using the MCP3421. The MCU algorithm calculates the battery fuel being used. This demo board is shipped with 1.5V AAA non-rechargeable battery. The demo board displays the following parameters: (a) Measured battery voltage. (b) Measured battery discharging current. (c) Battery Fuel Used (calculated). The MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo Board also can charge a single-cell 4.2V Li-Ion battery. This feature, however, is disabled by firmware since the demo kit is shipped to customer with non-rechargeable 1.5V AAA battery. DACs MCP4725 PICtail Plus Daughter Board (MCP4725DM-PTPLS) This daughter board demonstrates the MCP4725 (12-bit DAC with non-volatile memory) features using the Explorer 16 Development Board and the PICkit Serial Analyzer. 20 Signal Chain Design Guide MCP4725 SOT-23-6 Evaluation Board (MCP4725EV) The MCP4725 SOT-23-6 Evaluation Board is a quick and easy evaluation tool for the MCP4725 12-bit DAC device. It works with Microchip’s popular PICkit Serial Analyzer or independently with the customer’s applications board. The PICkit Serial Analyzer is sold separately. MCP4728 Evaluation Board (MCP4728EV) The MCP4728 Evaluation Board is a tool for quick and easy evaluation of the MCP4728 4-channel 12-bit DAC device. It contains the MCP4728 device and connection pins for the Microchip’s popular PICkit Serial Analyzer. The PICkit Serial Analyzer is sold separately. Digital Potentiometers MCP42XX PICtail Plus Daughter Board (MCP42XXDM-TPTLS) The MCP42XX PICtail Plus Daughter Board is used to demonstrate the operation of the MCP42XX Digital Potentiometers. This board is designed to be used in conjunction with either the PIC24 Explorer 16 Demo Board or the PICkit Serial Analyzer. MCP402X Non-Volatile Digital Potentiometer Evaluation Board (MCP402XEV) The MCP402XEV is a low cost evaluation board that quickly enables the user to exercise all of the features of the MCP402X Non-Volatile Digital Potentiometer. A 6 pin PIC10F206-I/OT with FLASH memory is utilized to generate all of the Low-Voltage (LV) and High-Voltage (HV) MCP402X serial commands when the 2 momentary switches are depressed in various sequences. This enables the user to Increment and Decrement the wiper, save the setting to EEPROM & exercise the WiperLock™ feature. Op Amps and PGAs MCP651 Input Offset Evaluation Board (MCP651EV-VOS) The MCP651 Input Offset Evaluation Board is intended to provide a simple means to measure the MCP651 Input Offset Evaluation Board op amp’s input offset voltage under a variety of operating conditions. The measured input offset voltage (Vost includes the input offset voltage specified in the data sheet (Vos) plus changes due to: power supply voltage (PSRR), common mode voltage (CMRR), output voltage (AOL), input offset voltage drift over temperature (ΔVos/ ΔTA) and 1/f noise. Development Tools MCP6V01 Input Offset Demo Board (MCP6V01DM-VOS) MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail Demo Board (MCP6SX2DM-PCTLTH) The MCP6V01 Input Offset Demo Board is intended to provide a simple means to measure the MCP6V01/2/3 op amps input offset voltage (Vos) under a variety of bias conditions. This Vos includes the specified input offset voltage value found in the data sheet plus changes due to power supply voltage (PSRR), common mode voltage (CMRR), output voltage (AOL) and temperature (IVos/ITA). The MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail Demo Board features the MCP6S22 and MCP6S92 Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA). These devices help overcome the non-linear response of the on-board NTC thermistor. These devices have user selectable inputs which allow the possibilities of temperature correcting another sensor. MCP661 Line Driver Demo Board (MCP661DM-LD) This demo board uses the MCP661 in a very basic application for high speed op amps; a 50Ω line (coax) driver. The board offers a 30 MHz solution, high speed PCB layout techniques and a means to test AC response, step response and distortion. Both the input and the output are connected to lab equipment with 50Ω BNC cables. There are 50Ω terminating resistors and transmission lines on the board. The op amp is set to a gain of 2V/V to overcome the loss at its output caused by the 50Ω resistor at that point. Connecting lab supplies to the board is simple; there are three surface mount test points provided for this purpose. Amplifier Evaluation Board 1 (MCP6XXXEV-AMP1) The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 1 is designed to support inverting/noninverting amplifiers, voltage followers, inverting/non-inverting comparators, inverting/non-inverting differentiators. Amplifier Evaluation Board 2 (MCP6XXXEV-AMP2) The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 2 supports inverting summing amplifiers and non-inverting summing amplifiers. Amplifier Evaluation Board 3 (MCP6XXXEV-AMP3) The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 3 is designed to support the difference amplifier circuits which are generated by the Mindi™ Amplifier Designer. Amplifier Evaluation Board 4 (MCP6XXXEV-AMP4) The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 4 is designed to support the inverting integrator circuit. MCP6H04 Evaluation Board Instrumentation Amplifier (ADM00375) The MCP6H04 Intrumentation Amplifier board is designed to support signal conditioner from sensors example current sensor. MCP6XXX Active Filter Demo (MCP6XXXDM-FLTR) This kit supports Mindi™ Active Filter Designer & Simulator and active filters designed by FilterLab V2.0. These filters are all pole and are built by cascading first and second order sections. Humidity Sensor PICtail Demo Board (PIC16F690DM-PCTLHS) This board uses the MCP6291 and PIC16F690 to measure the capacitance of a relative humidity sensor. The board can also measure small capacitors in different ranges of values using a dual slope integration method. This board also supports the application note AN1016. Temperature Sensors MCP9800 Temp Sensor Demo Board (MCP9800DM-TS1) The MCP9800 Temperature Sensor Demo Board demonstrates the sensor’s features. Users can connect the demo board to a PC with USB interface and evaluate the sensor performance. The 7-Segment LED displays temperature in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit; the temperature alert feature can be set by the users using an on board potentiometer. An alert LED is used to indicate an over temperature condition. In addition, temperature can be data logged using the Microchip Thermal Management Software Graphical User Interface (GUI). The sensor registers can also be programmed using the GUI. MCP6S26 PT100 RTD Evaluation Board (TMPSNS-RTD1) The PT100 RTD Evaluation Board demonstrates how to bias a Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) and accurately measure temperature. Up to two RTDs can be connected. The RTDs are biased using constant current source and the output voltage is scaled using a difference amplifier. In addition to the difference amplifier, a multiple input channel Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) MCP6S26 is used to digitally switch between RTDs and increase the scale up to 32 times. Signal Chain Design Guide 21 Related Support Material The following literature is available on the Microchip web site: www.microchip.com/appnotes. There are additional application notes that may be useful. Application Related Documentation Sensor Conditioning Circuits Overview AN866: Designing Operational Amplifier Oscillator Circuits For Sensor Applications Operational amplifier (op amp) oscillators can be used to accurately measure resistive and capacitive sensors. Oscillator design can be simplified by using the procedure discussed in this application note. The derivation of the design equations provides a method to select the passive components and determine the influence of each component on the frequency of oscillation. The procedure will be demonstrated by analyzing two state-variable RC op-amp oscillator circuits. AN990: Analog Sensor Conditioning Circuits, An Overview Analog sensors produce a change in an electrical property to indicate a change in its environment. This change in electrical property needs to be conditioned by an analog circuit before conversion to digital. Further processing occurs in the digital domain but is not addressed in this application note. Delta-Sigma ADCs AN1156: Battery Fuel Measurement Using DeltaSigma ADC Devices This application note reviews the battery fuel measurement using the MCU and ADC devices. Developing battery fuel measurement in this manner provides flexible solutions and enables economic management. DS21841: Analog-to-Digital Converter Design Guide SAR ADCs AN246: Driving the Analog Inputs of a SAR A/D Converter This application note delves into the issues surrounding the SAR converter’s input and conversion nuances to insure that the converter is handled properly from the beginning of the design phase. AN688: Layout Tips for 12-Bit A/D Converter Application This application note provides basic 12-bit layout guidelines, ending with a review of issues to be aware of. Examples of good layout and bad layout implementations are presented throughout. AN693: Understanding A/D Converter Performance Specifications This application note describes the specifications used to quantify the performance of A/D converters and give the reader a better understanding of the significance of those specifications in an application. AN842: Differential ADC Biasing Techniques, Tips and Tricks True differential converters can offer many advantages over single-ended input A/D Converters (ADC). In addition to their common mode rejection ability, these converters can also be used to overcome many DC biasing limitations of common signal conditioning circuits. Utility Metering DS01008: Utility Metering Solutions Digital Potentiometers AN691: Optimizing the Digital Potentiometer in Precision Circuits In this application note, circuit ideas are presented that use the necessary design techniques to mitigate errors, consequently optimizing the performance of the digital potentiometer. AN692: Using a Digital Potentiometer to Optimize a Precision Single Supply Photo Detect This application note shows how the adjustability of the digital potentiometer can be used to an advantage in photosensing circuits. AN1080: Understanding Digital Potentiometer Resistance Variations This application note discusses how process, voltage and temperature effect the resistor network’s characteristics, specifications and techniques to improve system performance. AN1316A: Using Digital Potentiometers for Programmable Amplifier Gain This application note discusses implementations of programmable gain circuits using an op amp and a digital potentiometer. This discussion includes implementation details for the digital potentiometer’s resistor network. 22 Signal Chain Design Guide Related Support Material Op Amps AN1302: Current Sensing Circuit Concepts and Fundamentals This application note provides an overview of current sensing circuit concepts and fundamentals. It introduces current sensing techniques and focuses on three typical high-side current sensing implementations, with their specific advantages and disadvantages. AN679: Temperature Sensing Technologies Covers the most popular temperature sensor technologies and helps determine the most appropriate sensor for an application. AN681: Reading and Using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) Discusses the use of frequency analysis (FFTs), time analysis and DC analysis techniques. It emphasizes Analog-to-Digital converter applications. AN684: Single Supply Temperature Sensing with Thermocouples Focuses on thermocouple circuit solutions. It builds from signal conditioning components to complete application circuits. AN695: Interfacing Pressure Sensors to Microchip’s Analog Peripherals Shows how to condition a Wheatstone bridge sensor using simple circuits. A piezoresistive pressure sensor application is used to illustrate the theory. AN699: Anti-Aliasing, Analog Filters for Data Acquisition Systems A tutorial on active analog filters and their most common applications. AN722: Operational Amplifier Topologies and DC Specifications Defines op amp DC specifications found in a data sheet. It shows where these specifications are critical in application circuits. AN723: Operational Amplifier AC Specifications and Applications Defines op amp AC specifications found in a data sheet. It shows where these specifications are critical in application circuits. AN866: Designing Operational Amplifier Oscillator Circuits For Sensor Applications Gives simple design procedures for op amp oscillators. These circuits are used to accurately measure resistive and capacitive sensors. AN884: Driving Capacitive Loads With Op Amps Explains why all op amps tend to have problems driving large capacitive loads. A simple, one resistor compensation scheme is given that gives much better performance. AN951: Amplifying High-Impedance Sensors, Photodiode Example Shows how to condition the current out of a high-impedance sensor. A photodiode detector illustrates the theory. AN990: Analog Sensor Conditioning Circuits, An Overview Gives an overview of the many sensor types, applications and conditioning circuits. AN1014: Measuring Small Changes in Capacitive Sensors This application note shows a switched capacitor circuit that uses a PIC microcontroller, and minimal external passive components, to measure small changes in capacitance. The values are very repeatable under constant environmental conditions. AN1177: Op Amp Precision Design: DC Errors This application note covers the essential background information and design theory needed to design a precision DC circuit using op amps. AN1228: Op Amp Precision Design: Random Noise This application note covers the essential background information and design theory needed to design low noise, precision op amp circuits. The focus is on simple, results oriented methods and approximations useful for circuits with a low-pass response. AN1258: Op Amp Precision Design: PCB Layout Techniques This application note covers Printed Circuit Board (PCB) effects encountered in high (DC) precision op amp circuits. It provides techniques for improving the performance, giving more flexibility in solving a given design problem. It demonstrates one important factor necessary to convert a good schematic into a working precision design. Signal Chain Design Guide 23 Related Support Material AN1297: Microchip’s Op Amp SPICE Macro Models This application note covers the function and use of Microchip’s op amp SPICE macro models. It does not explain how to use the circuit simulator but will give the user a better understanding how the model behaves and tips on convergence issues. AN1353: Rectifiers, Op Amp Peak Detectors and Clamps This application note covers a wide range of application, such as half-wave rectifiers, full-wave rectifiers, peak detectors and clamps. Temperature Sensing AN929: Temperature Measurement Circuits for Embedded Applications This application note shows how to select a temperature sensor and conditioning circuit to maximize the measurement accuracy and simplify the interface to the microcontroller. AN1001: IC Temperature Sensor Accuracy Compensation with a PIC Microcontroller This application note derives an equation that describes the sensor’s typical non-linear characteristics, which can be used to compensate for the sensor’s accuracy error over the specified operating temperature range. AN1154: Precision RTD Instrumentation for Temperature Sensing Precision RTD (Resistive Temperature Detector) instrumentation is key for high performance thermal management applications. This application note shows how to use a high resolution Delta-Sigma Analog-toDigital converter, and two resistors to measure RTD resistance ratiometrically. A ±0.1°C accuracy and ±0.01°C measurement resolution can be achieved across the RTD temperature range of −200°C to +800°C with a single point calibration. 24 Signal Chain Design Guide Product Related Documentation Sensor Conditioning Circuits Overview AN895: Oscillator Circuits for RTD Temperature Sensors This application note shows how to design a temperature sensor oscillator circuit using Microchip’s low-cost MCP6001 operational amplifier (op amp) and the MCP6541 comparator. Oscillator circuits can be used to provide an accurate temperature measurement with a Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) sensor. Oscillators provide a frequency output that is proportional to temperature and are easily integrated into a microcontroller system. Delta-Sigma ADCs AN1007: Designing with the MCP3551 Delta-Sigma ADC The MCP3551 delta-sigma ADC is a high-resolution converter. This application note discusses various design techniques to follow when using this device. Typical application circuits are discussed first, followed by a section on noise analysis. AN1030: Weigh Scale Applications for the MCP3551 This application note focusses specifically on load cells, a type of strain gauge that is typically used for measuring weight. Even more specifically, the focus is on fully active, temperature compensated load cells whose change in differential output voltage with a rated load is 2 mV to 4 mV per volt of excitation (the excitation voltage being the difference between the +Input and the −Input terminals of the load cell). SAR ADCs AN845: Communicating With The MCP3221 Using PIC Microcontrollers This application note will cover communications between the MCP3221 12-bit A/D Converter and a PIC microcontroller. The code supplied with this application note is written as relocatable assembly code. Related Support Material Passive Keyless Entry (PKE) TB090: MCP2030 Three-Channel Analog Front-End Device Overview Temperature Sensing AN981: Interfacing a MCP9700 Analog Temperature Sensor to a PIC Microcontroller This tech brief summarizes the technical features of the MCP2030 and describes how the three channel standalone analog front-end device can be used for various bidirectional communication applications. Analog output silicon temperature sensors offer an easyto-use alternative to traditional temperature sensors, such as thermistors. The MCP9700 offers many system-level advantages, including the integration of the temperature sensor and signal-conditioning circuitry on a single chip. Analog output sensors are especially suited for embedded systems due to their linear output. This application note will discuss system integration, firmware implementation and PCB layout techniques for using the MCP9700 in an embedded system. AN1024: PKE System Design Using the PIC16F639 This application note described how to make hands-free reliable passive keyless entry applications using the PIC16F639, a dual die solution device that includes both MCP2030 and PIC16F636. Op Amps AN1016: Detecting Small Capacitive Sensors Using the MCP6291 and PIC16F690 Devices The circuit discussed here uses an op amp and a microcontroller to implement a dual slope integrator and timer. It gives accurate results, and is appropriate for small capacitive sensors, such as capacitive humidity sensors. Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) AN248: Interfacing MCP6S2X PGAs to PIC Microcontrollers This application note shows how to program the six channel MCP6S26 PGA gains, channels and shutdown registers using the PIC16C505 microcontroller. AN865: Sensing Light with a Programmable Gain Amplifier This application notes discusses how Microchip’s Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGAs) can be effectively used in position photo sensing applications minus the headaches of amplifier stability. AN988: Interfacing a MCP9800 I2C Digital Temperature Sensor to a PIC Microcontroller This application note will discuss system integration, firmware implementation and PCB layout techniques for using the MCP9800 in an embedded system. AN1306: Thermocouple Circuit Using MCP6V01 and PIC18F2550 This application note shows how to use a difference amplifier system to measure electromotive force (EMF) voltage at the cold junction of thermocouple in order to accurately measure temperature at the hot junction. This can be done by using the MCP6V01 auto-zeroed op amp because of its extremely low input offset voltage (Vos) and very high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). The microcontroller PIC18F2550 used in this circuit has internal comparator voltage reference (CVref). This solution minimizes cost by using resources internal to the PIC18F2550 to achieve reasonable resolution without an external ADC. AN897: Thermistor Temperature Sensing with MCP6SX2 PGAs Shows how to use a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) to linearize the response of a thermistor, and to achieve a wider temperature measurement range. Signal Chain Design Guide 25 26 linear Linear: Op Amps Signal Chain Design Guide # per Package GBWP (kHz) Typ. Iq (µA/amp.) Typ. Vos (±µV) Max. Supply Voltage (V) Temperature Range (°C) Railto-Rail I/O 1, 2, 4 9 0.45 4,500 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O Low Quiescent Current SOIC, MSOP, 2 × 3 TDFN, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – MCP6031/2/3/4 1, 2, 1, 4 10 1 150 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6033 SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23 MCP6031DM-PCTL, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset, Low Power MCP6041/2/3/4 1, 2, 1, 4 14 1 3,000 1.4 to 6.0 −40 to +85, −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6043 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose, Low Power MCP6141/2/3/4 1, 2, 1, 4 100 1 3,000 1.4 to 6.0 −40 to +85, −40 to +125 I/O GMIN = 10, Low Power Mode on MCP6143 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose, Low Power MCP606/7/8/9 1, 2, 1, 4 155 25 250 2.5 to 6.0 −40 to +85 O Low Power Mode on MCP608 PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset MCP616/7/8/9 1, 2, 1, 4 190 25 150 2.3 to 5.5 −40 to +85 O Low Power Mode on MCP618 PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset 1, 1, 1, 2, 4 300 30 5,000 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23, SC-70 VSUPEV2, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose MCP6051/2/4 1, 2, 4 385 45 150 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O – SOIC, TSSOP, TDFN SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset MCP6241/1R/1U/2/4 1, 1, 1, 2, 4 550 70 5,000 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23, SC-70 VSUPEV2, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose MCP6061/2/4 1, 2, 4 730 90 150 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O – SOIC, TSSOP, TDFN SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset MCP6001/1R/1U/2/4 1, 1, 1, 2, 4 1,000 170 4,500 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +85, −40 to +125 I/O – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 MCP6SX2DMPICTLPD, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose MCP6401/2/4 1, 2, 4 1,000 45 4,500 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125/150 I/O Low Quiescent Current SOIC, MSOP, 2 × 3 TDFN, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – MCP6L01/2/4 1, 2, 4 1,000 85 5,000 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 – – MCP6071/2/4 1, 2, 4 1,200 170 150 1.8 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O – SOIC, TSSOP, TDFN SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset – – Device MCP6441/2/4 MCP6231/1R/1U/2/4 MCP6H01/2/4 1, 2, 4 MCP6H81/2/4 1, 2, 4 MCP6H91/2/4 1, 2, 4 Features Packages Featured Demo Board Op Amp Category 135 3,500 3.5 to 16 −40 to +125 O High Voltage SOIC, 2 × 3 TDFN, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 5,500 700 1,000 3.5 to 12V −40 to +125 O High Voltage SOIC, TDFN, TSSOP – – 10,000 2,000 1,000 3.5 to 12V −40 to +125 O High Voltage SOIC, TDFN, TSSOP – – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 MCP6XXXDM-FLTR, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose 1,200 MCP6271/1R/2/3/4/5 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2 2,000 240 3,000 2.0 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6273, Cascaded Gain with MCP6275 MCP6L71/2/3/4 1, 2, 1, 4 2,000 150 4,000 2.0 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6L73 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 MCP6XXXDM-FLTR, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – MCP601/1R/2/3/4 1, 1, 2, 1, 4 2,800 325 2,000 2.7 to 6.0 −40 to +85, −40 to +125 O Low Power Mode on MCP603 PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose MCP6L1/2/4 1, 2, 4 2,800 200 3,000 2.7 to 6.0 −40 to +125 O – PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – 1 3,500 720 1,500 2.2 to 5.5 −40 to +125 O Low Noise SOT-23 VSUPEV2 Low Noise PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 VSUPEV2, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose MCP6286 MCP6281/1R/2/3/4/5 MCP6021/1R/2/3/4 MCP6291/1R/2/3/4/5 MCP6L91/2/4 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2 5,000 570 3,000 2.2 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6283, Cascaded Gain with MCP6285 1, 1, 2, 1, 4 10,000 1,350 500, 250 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +85, −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6023 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 MCP6XXXEV-AMP1, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Low Offset 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2 10,000 1,300 3,000 2.4 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6293, Cascaded Gain with MCP6295 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PIC16F690DMPCTLHS, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV General Purpose 1, 2, 4 10,000 850 4,000 2.4 to 6.0 −40 to +125 I/O – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PIC16F690DMPCTLHS, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – Linear: Op Amps (Continued) Device # per Package GBWP (kHz) Typ. Iq (µA/amp.) Typ. Vos (±µV) Max. Supply Voltage (V) Temperature Range (°C) Railto-Rail I/O Features MCP621/1S/2/3/4/5/9 1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4 20,000 2,500 200 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +125 O mCal (offset correction), Low Power Mode on MCP623/5/9 SOT-23, SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN MCP651EV-VOS High Speed, High Output Drive, Low Offset MCP631/2/3/4/5/9 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4 24,000 2,500 8,000 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +125 O Low Power Mode on MCP633/5/9 SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN MCP651EV-VOS High Speed, High Output Drive MCP651/1S/2/3/4/5/9 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4 50,000 6,000 200 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +125 O mCal (offset correction), Low Power Mode on MCP653/5/9 SOT-23, SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN MCP651EV-VOS High Speed, High Output Drive, Low Offset MCP661/2/3/4/5/9 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4 60,000 6,000 8,000 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +125 O Low Power Mode on MCP663/5/9 SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN MCP661DM-LD High Speed, High Output Drive Supply Voltage (V) Temperature Range (°C) Featured Demo Board Packages Op Amp Category Linear: Zero-Drift Op Amps Device # per Package GBWP (kHz) Typ. Iq (µA/amp.) Typ. Vos (±µV) Max. Rail- to-Rail I/O Features Packages Op Amp Category Featured Demo Board MCP6V11 1 80 7.5 8 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O – SOT-23, SC-70 – – MCP6V31 1 300 23 8 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O – SOT-23, SC-70 – – MCP6V01/2/3 1, 2, 1 1,300 400 2 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6V03 SOIC, DFN, TDFN MCP6V01DM-VOS, MCP6V01RD-TCPL Auto-zeroed MCP6V06/7/8 1, 2, 1 1,300 400 3 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O Low Power Mode on MCP6V08 SOIC, DFN, TDFN MCP6V01DM-VOS, MCP6V01RD-TCPL Auto-zeroed Linear: Instrumentation Amplifiers Device MCP6N11 # per Package GBWP (kHz) Typ. Iq (µA/amp.) Typ. Vos (±µV) Max. Vos Drift Max. (µV/°C) Supply Voltage (V) Temperature Range (°C) Rail- to-Rail I/O 1 500 800 350 2.7 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 I/O Vos Max (mV) Operating Voltage (V) Temperature Range (°C) Features mCal (offset correction) Packages SOIC, 2 × 3 TDFN Featured Demo Board ARD00354 Linear: Comparators Device # per Package Vref (V) Typical Propagation Delay (μs) Iq Typical (μA) Features Packages MCP6541 1 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S,U), 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6542 2 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6543 1 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output, Chip Select 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6544 4 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 14-pin PDIP, 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP MCP6546 1 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S,U), 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6547 2 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP −40 to +125 Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output, Chip Select 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6548 1 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 Signal Chain Design Guide MCP65R41 1 1.21/2.4 4 2.5 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output , Vref 6-SOT-23 MCP65R46 1 1.21/2.4 4 2.5 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output , Vref 6-SOT-23 MCP6549 4 – 4 1 5 1.6 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 14-pin PDIP, 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP MCP6561 1 – 0.047 100 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S) MCP6562 2 – 0.047 100 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6564 4 – 0.047 100 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP MCP6566 1 – 0.047 100 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open-Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S) MCP6567 2 – 0.047 100 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open-Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP MCP6569 4 – 0.047 100 10 1.8 to 5.5 −40 to +125 Open-Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP 27 S = Standard Pinout, R = Reverse Pinout, U = Alternate Pinout 28 Linear: Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA) Device −3 dB BW (MHz) Typ. Channels Signal Chain Design Guide MCP6S21/2/6/8 Iq (µA) Max. Vos (±µV) Max. Operating Voltage (V) Temperature Range (°C) 1, 2, 6, 8 2 to 12 1.1 275 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +85 1, 2, 2 1 to 18 1.0 4000 2.5 to 5.5 −40 to +125 MCP6S912/3 Features Packages SPI, 8 Gain Steps, Software Shutdown PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP SPI, 8 Gain Steps, Software Shutdown, Vref PDIP, SOIC, MSOP Mixed Signal Mixed Signal: Delta−Sigma A/D Converters Resolution (bits) Max.Sample Rate (samples/sec) # of Input Channels Interface Supply Voltage (V) Typical Supply Current (µA) Typical INL (ppm) Temperature Range (°C) MCP3421 18 3.75 1 Diff I2C™ 2.7 to 5.5 145 (continuous) 39 (one shot) 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4 or 8 Internal voltage reference SOT-23-6 MCP3421EV MCP3422 18 3.75 2 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 145 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP3422EV, MCP3421DM-BFG MCP3423 18 3.75 2 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 145 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP3423EV MCP3424 18 3.75 4 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 145 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 MCP3424EV SOT-23-6 MCP3425EV, MCP3421DM-BFG Device Features Featured Demo Board Packages MCP3425 16 15 1 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 155 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference MCP3426 16 15 2 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 145 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 – MCP3427 16 15 2 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 145 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference MSOP-10, DFN-10 – MCP3428 16 15 4 Diff I2C 2.7 to 5.5 145 10 −40 to +85 PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 – MCP3550−50 22 13 1 Diff SPI 2.7 to 5.5 120 2 −40 to +85 50 Hz noise rejection > 120 dB SOIC-8, MSOP-8 MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3550−60 22 15 1 Diff SPI 2.7 to 5.5 140 2 −40 to +85 60 Hz noise rejection > 120 dB SOIC-8, MSOP-8 MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3551 22 14 1 Diff SPI 2.7 to 5.5 120 2 −40 to +85 Simultaneous 50/60 Hz rejection SOIC-8, MSOP-8 MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3553 20 60 1 Diff SPI 2.7 to 5.5 140 2 −40 to +85 – SOIC-8, MSOP-8 MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3901 16/24 64000 2 Diff SPI 4.5 to 5.5 2050 15 −40 to +125 Two ADCs, Programmable Data Rate, PGA, Phase Compensation SSOP-20, QFN-20 MCP3901EV-MCU16 MCP3903 16/24 64000 6 Diff SPI 4.5 to 5.5 8300 15 −40 to +125 Six ADCs, Programmable Data Rate, PGA, Phase Compensation SSOP-28 ADM00310 MCP3911 16/24 64000 2 Diff SPI 2.7 to 3.6 1700 5 −40 to +125 Two ADCs, Programmable Data Rate, PGA, Phase Compensation SSOP-20, QFN-20 ADM00398 Mixed Signal: Successive Approximation Register (SAR) A/D Converters Part # MCP3001 MCP3002 Resolution (bits) Max.Sample Rate (samples/sec) # of Input Channels Input Type Interface Input Voltage Range (V) Max. Supply Current (µA) Max. INL Temperature Range (°C) 10 200 1 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 500 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 – −40 to +85 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 – 10 200 2 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 650 ±1 LSB Packages Featured Demo Board MCP3004 10 200 4 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 550 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 – MCP3008 10 200 8 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 550 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−16, SOIC−16 – MCP3021 10 22 1 Single−ended I2C™ 2.7 to 5.5 250 ±1 LSB −40 to +125 SOT−23A−5 MCP3221DM-PCTL, MXSIGDM MCP3221 12 22 1 Single−ended I2C 2.7 to 5.5 250 ±2 LSB −40 to +125 SOT−23A−5 MCP3221DM-PCTL, MXSIGDM MCP3201 12 100 1 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 400 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 DV3201A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM MCP3202 12 100 2 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 550 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 DV3201A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM MCP3204 12 100 4 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 400 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM MCP3208 12 100 8 Single−ended SPI 2.7 to 5.5 400 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−16, SOIC−16 DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM MCP3301 13 100 1 Differential SPI 2.7 to 5.5 450 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 DV3201A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM MCP3302 13 100 2 Differential SPI 2.7 to 5.5 450 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM MCP3304 13 100 4 Differential SPI 2.7 to 5.5 450 ±1 LSB −40 to +85 PDIP−16, SOIC−16 DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM Mixed Signal: D/A Converters Resolution (Bits) DACs per Package Interface Vref Output Settling Time (µs) MCP47A1 6 1 2 I C™ Ext 15 MCP47DA1 6 1 I2C Ext 6 Part # DNL (LSB) Typical Standby Current (µA) Typical Operating Current (µA) Temperature Range (°C) 0.05 90 130 −40 to +125 SC-70 – 0.025 90 130 −40 to +125 SOT-23-6, SC-70 – ADM00317 Packages Featured Demo Board Signal Chain Design Guide MCP4706 8 1 I2C Vdd, Ext 6 0.05 0.09 210 −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 MCP4716 10 1 I2C Vdd, Ext 6 0.188 0.09 210 −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 ADM00317 MCP4725 12 1 IC Vdd 6 0.75 1 210 −40 to +125 SOT−23−6 MCP4725DM-PTPLS, MCP4725EV MCP4726 12 1 I2C Vdd, Ext 6 0.75 0.09 210 −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 MCP4725DM-PTPLS, MCP4725EV, ADM00317 MCP4728 12 4 I2C Int/Vdd 6 0.75 0.04 800 −40 to +125 MSOP−10 MCP4728EV MCP4801 8 1, 2 SPI Int 4.5 0.5 0.3 330 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 – MCP4802 8 1, 2 SPI Int 4.5 0.5 0.3 415 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 – MCP4811 10 1, 2 SPI Int 4.5 0.5 0.3 330 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 – – 2 MCP4812 10 1, 2 SPI Int 4.5 0.5 0.3 415 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 MCP4821 12 1 SPI Y 4.5 1 0.3 330 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8 – MCP4822 12 2 SPI Y 4.5 1 0.3 415 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8 – −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 – −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 – MCP4901 MCP4902 8 8 1, 2 1, 2 SPI SPI Ext Ext 4.5 4.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 175 350 29 30 Mixed Signal: D/A Converters (Continued) Signal Chain Design Guide Resolution (Bits) DACs per Package Interface Vref Output Settling Time (µs) DNL (LSB) Typical Standby Current (µA) Typical Operating Current (µA) Temperature Range (°C) MCP4911 10 1, 2 SPI Ext 4.5 0.5 1 175 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 – MCP4912 10 1, 2 SPI Ext 4.5 0.5 1 350 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 – MCP4921 12 1 SPI Ext 4.5 0.75 1 175 −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8 – MCP4922 12 2 SPI Ext 4.5 0.75 1 350 −40 to +125 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 – TC1320 8 1 SMbus/I2C Ext 10 ±0.8 0.1 350 −40 to +85 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 – TC1321 10 1 SMbus/I2C Ext 10 ±2 0.1 350 −40 to +85 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 – Part # Packages Featured Demo Board Mixed Signal: Digital Potentiometers # of Taps # per Package Interface Vdd Operating Range(1) Volatile/ Non-Volatile Resistance (Ω) INL (Max.) DNL (Max.) Temperature Range (°C) MCP4011 64 1 U/D 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOIC-8 MCP402XEV, MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4012 64 1 U/D 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP4013 64 1 U/D 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP4014 64 1 U/D 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOT-23-5 MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP4017 128 1 I2C™ 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 SC-70-6 SC70EV MCP4018 128 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 SC-70-6 SC70EV MCP4019 128 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 SC-70-5 SC70EV MCP40D17 128 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 SC-70-6 SC70EV MCP40D18 128 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 SC-70-6 SC70EV MCP40D19 128 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 SC-70-5 SC70EV MCP4021 64 1 U/D 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOIC-8 MCP402XEV, MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4022 64 1 U/D 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP4023 64 1 U/D 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOT-23-6 MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP4024 64 1 U/D 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 SOT-23-5 MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP41010 256 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Volatile 10K ±1 LSb ±1 LSb −40 to +85 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP41050 256 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Volatile 50K ±1 LSb ±1 LSb −40 to +85 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP41100 256 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Volatile 100K ±1 LSb ±1 LSb −40 to +85 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4XXXDM-DB Device Packages Featured Demo Board MCP42010 256 2 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Volatile 10K ±1 LSb ±1 LSb −40 to +85 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 MCP42050 256 2 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Volatile 50K ±1 LSb ±1 LSb −40 to +85 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP42100 256 2 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Volatile 100K ±1 LSb ±1 LSb −40 to +85 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4131 129 1 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP8, DFN-8 MCP4132 129 1 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP8, DFN-8 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4141 129 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP8, DFN-8 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4142 129 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP8, DFN-8 MCP4151 257 1 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 Note 1: Analog characteristics may be tested at different voltage ranges. Mixed Signal: Digital Potentiometers (Continued) Device # of Taps # per Package Interface Vdd Operating Range(1) Volatile/ Non-Volatile Resistance (Ω) INL (Max.) DNL (Max.) Temperature Range (°C) MCP4151 257 1 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4152 257 1 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS Packages Featured Demo Board MCP4161 257 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP4162 257 1 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4231 129 2 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4232 129 2 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4241 129 2 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4242 129 2 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS Signal Chain Design Guide Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP42XXDM-PTPLS SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-20, QFN-20 TSSOP20EV 4 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-14 TSSOP20EV 257 4 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-20, QFN-20 TSSOP20EV MCP4362 257 4 SPI 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-14 TSSOP20EV MCP4531 129 1 I2C™ 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4532 129 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4541 129 1 I2C 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4542 29 1 I2C 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4551 257 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4552 257 1 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4561 257 1 I2C 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4562 257 1 I2C 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4631 129 2 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4632 129 2 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4641 129 2 IC 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4642 129 2 I2C 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4651 257 2 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4652 257 2 I2C 1.8V to 5.5V Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4661 257 2 IC 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4662 257 2 I2C 2.7V to 5.5V Non-Volatile 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb −40 to +125 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4251 257 2 SPI 1.8V to 5.5V MCP4252 257 2 SPI MCP4261 257 2 SPI MCP4262 257 2 MCP4351 257 4 MCP4352 257 MCP4361 2 2 31 32 Thermal management Thermal Management: Temperature Sensors Signal Chain Design Guide Part # Typical Accuracy (°C) Maximum Accuracy @ 25 (°C) Maximum Temperature Range (°C) Vcc Range (V) Maximum Supply Current (µA) Resolution (bits) Packages Featured Demo Board Serial Output Temperature Sensors MCP9800 ±0.5 ±1 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 9-12 SOT-23-5 MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9801 ±0.5 ±1 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 9-12 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9802 ±0.5 ±1 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 9-12 SOT-23-5 MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9803 ±0.5 ±1 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 9-12 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9804 ±0.25 ±1 −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 12-bits MSOP-8, DFN-8 TMPSNSRD-RTD2, TMPSNSRD-TCPL1 MCP9805 ±2 ±3 −40 to +125 3.0 to 3.6 500 10 TSSOP-8, DFN-8 – MCP9808 ±0.25 ±0.5 −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 12 MSOP-8, DFN-8 – MCP9843 ±0.5 ±3 −40 to +125 3.0 to 3.6 500 12 TSSOP-8, DFN-8, TDFN-8 MCP98242 ±2 ±3 −40 to +125 3.0 to 3.6 500 10 TSSOP-8, DFN-8, TDFN-8, UDFN-8 – MCP98243 ±0.5 ±3 −40 to +125 3.0 to 3.6 500 11 TSSOP-8, DFN-8, TDFN-8, UDFN-8 – TC72 ±0.5 ±2 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 10 MSOP-8, DFN-8 TC72DM-PICTL TC74 ±0.5 ±2 −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 350 8 SOT-23-5, TO-220-5 TC74DEMO TC77 ±0.5 ±1 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 12 SOIC-8 150 mil, SOT-23-5 TC77DM-PICTL TCN75 ±0.5 ±3 −55 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 1000 9 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 – TCN75A ±0.5 ±3 −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 400 9-12 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 – Logic Output Temperature Sensors MCP9501/2/3/4 ±1 ±4 −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 40 – SOT-23-5 – MCP9509 ±0.5 NA −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 50 – SOT-23-5 – MCP9510 ±0.5 NA −40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5 80 – SOT-23-6 – TC620 ±1 ±3 −55 to +125 4.5 to 18 400 – PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil – TC621 ±1 ±3 −55 to +125 4.5 to 18 400 – PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil – TC622 ±1 ±5 −40 to +125 4.5 to 18 600 – PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil, TO-220-5 – TC623 ±1 ±3 −40 to +125 2.7 to 4.5 250 – PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil – TC624 ±1 ±5 −40 to +125 2.7 to 4.5 300 – PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil – TC6501 ±0.5 ±4 −55 to 135 2.7 to 5.5 40 – SOT-23-5 – TC6502 ±0.5 ±4 −55 to 135 2.7 to 5.5 40 – SOT-23-5 – TC6503 ±0.5 ±4 −55 to 135 2.7 to 5.5 40 – SOT-23-5 – TC6504 ±0.5 ±4 −55 to 135 2.7 to 5.5 40 – SOT-23-5 – Voltage Output Temperature Sensors MCP9700 ±1 ±4 −40 to +150 2.3 to 5.5 6 – SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 MCP9700DM-PCTL MCP9700A ±1 ±2 −40 to +150 2.3 to 5.5 6 – SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 MCP9700DM-PCTL MCP9701 ±1 ±4 −40 to +125 3.1 to 5.5 6 – SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 MCP9700DM-PCTL MCP9701A ±1 ±2 −40 to +125 3.1 to 5.5 6 – SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 MCP9700DM-PCTL TC1046 ±0.5 ±2 −40 to +125 2.7 to 4.4 60 – SOT-23-3 – TC1047 ±0.5 ±2 −40 to +125 2.7 to 4.4 60 – SOT-23-3 TC1047ADM-PICTL TC1047A ±0.5 ±2 −40 to +125 2.5 to 5.5 60 – SOT-23-3 TC1047ADM-PICTL Power management Power management: Voltage References Vcc Range (V) Output Voltage (V) Max. Load Current (mA) Initial Accuracy (max.%) Temperature Coefficient (ppm/°C) Maximum Supply Current (µA @ 25°C) MCP1525 2.7 to 5.5 2.5 ±2 ±1 50 100 SOT-23B-3, TO-92-3 MCP1541 4.3 to 5.5 4.096 ±2 ±1 50 100 SOT-23B-3, TO-92-3 Part # Packages Stand-Alone Analog and Interface Portfolio Thermal Management Power Management Temperature Sensors LDO & Switching Regulators Fan Speed Controllers/ Fan Fault Detectors Charge Pump DC/DC Converters Motor Drivers Power MOSFET Drivers PWM Controllers Stepper and DC System Supervisors 3-Phase Brushless DC Fan Controller Voltage References Voltage Detectors Li-Ion/Li-Polymer Battery Chargers Linear Op Amps Instrumentation Amplifiers Programmable Gain Amplifiers Comparators Safety & Security Photoelectric Smoke Detectors Mixed-Signal A/D Converter Families Digital Potentiometers D/A Converters V/F and F/V Converters Energy Measurement ICs Interface CAN Peripherals Infrared Peripherals LIN Transceivers Serial Peripherals Ethernet Controllers USB Peripheral Ionization Smoke Detectors Ionization Smoke Detector Front Ends Piezoelectric Horn Drivers Analog and Interface Attributes Robustness Space Savings ■■ MOSFET Drivers lead the industry in latch-up immunity/stability ■■ High performance LIN and CAN transceivers ■■ Resets and LDOs in SC70 package, A/D and D/A converters in SOT-23 package ■■ uDFN for height limited applications Low Power/Low Voltage Accuracy ■■ Op Amp family with the lowest power for a given gain bandwidth ■■ High efficiency, low start-up (0.65V) boost regulators ■■ 450 nA/1.4V/9 kHz bandwidth op amps ■■ 1 µA comparators ■■ 1.6 µA LDOs ■■ Low power ADCs with one-shot conversion ■■ Low input offset voltages ■■ High gains ■■ ±0.5°C temperature sensors industry leading energy measurement AFEs with 94.5 dB SINAD Integration ■■ One of the first to market with integrated LDO with Reset and Fan Controller with temperature sensor ■■ PGA integrates MUX, resistive ladder, gain switches, high-performance amplifier, SPI interface ■■ Industry’s first 12-bit quad DAC with non-volatile EEPROM ■■ Delta-Sigma ADCs feature on-board PGA and voltage reference ■■ Highly integrated charging solutions for Li-Ion and LiFePO4 batteries ■■ Highly integrated dual H-bridge drivers for bi-polar stepper motors or brushed DC motors Innovation ■■ First stand-alone sensorless, full-wave sinusoidal 3-Phase BLDC Motor Drivers ■■ Industry’s first op amp featuring on-demand calibration via mCal technology ■■ Digital potentiometers feature WiperLock™ technology to secure EEPROM For more information, visit the Microchip web site at: www.microchip.com. Signal Chain Design Guide 33 Support Training Microchip is committed to supporting its customers in developing products faster and more efficiently. We maintain a worldwide network of field applications engineers and technical support ready to provide product and system assistance. In addition, the following service areas are available at www.microchip.com: ■■ Support link provides a way to get questions answered fast: http://support.microchip.com and www.microchip.com/maps ■■ Sample link offers evaluation samples of any Microchip device: http://sample.microchip.com ■■ Forum link provides access to knowledge base and peer help: http://forum.microchip.com ■■ Buy link provides locations of Microchip Sales Channel Partners: www.microchip.com/sales If additional training interests you, then Microchip can help. We continue to expand our technical training options, offering a growing list of courses and in-depth curriculum locally, as well as significant online resources – whenever you want to use them. ■■ Technical Training Centers: www.microchip.com/training ■■ MASTERs Conferences: www.microchip.com/masters ■■ Worldwide Seminars: www.microchip.com/seminars ■■ eLearning: www.microchip.com/webseminars ■■ Resources from our Distribution and Third Party Partners www.microchip.com/training Sales Office Listing AMERICAS Atlanta Tel: 678-957-9614 Boston Tel: 774-760-0087 Chicago Tel: 630-285-0071 Cleveland Tel: 216-447-0464 Dallas Tel: 972-818-7423 Detroit Tel: 248-538-2250 Indianapolis Tel: 317-773-8323 Los Angeles Tel: 949-462-9523 Santa Clara Tel: 408-961-6444 Toronto Mississauga, Ontario Tel: 905-673-0699 EUROPE Austria - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39 Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4450-2828 France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Italy - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611 Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5869 ASIA/PACIFIC Australia - Sydney Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 China - Beijing Tel: 86-10-8569-7000 China - Chengdu Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 China - Chongqing Tel: 86-23-8980-9588 China - Hangzhou Tel: 86-571-2819-3187 China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: 852-2401-1200 China - Nanjing Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 China - Qingdao Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 China - Shanghai Tel: 86-21-5407-5533 China - Shenyang Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 China - Shenzhen Tel: 86-755-8203-2660 China - Wuhan Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 China - Xiamen Tel: 86-592-2388138 China - Xian Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 China - Zhuhai Tel: 86-756-3210040 ASIA/PACIFIC India - Bangalore Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 India - New Delhi Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 India - Pune Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Japan - Osaka Tel: 81-6-6152-7160 Japan - Yokohama Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Korea - Daegu Tel: 82-53-744-4301 Korea - Seoul Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: 60-3-6201-9857 Malaysia - Penang Tel: 60-4-227-8870 Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-5778-366 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-2137828 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 11/29/11 www.microchip.com Information subject to change. 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