AN60580 SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC 3 / PSoC 5LP.pdf

AN60580
SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Author: Pavankumar Vibhute
Associated Project: Yes
Associated Part Family: All PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP parts
®
Software Version: PSoC Creator™ 3.1 SP2 or higher
Related Application Notes: AN54181, AN72382, AN77759
The special input/output (SIO) pins provide differential input buffer and a means to regulate the high-level output voltage
(VOH). The SIO pins are tolerant to input voltages higher than the I/O supply voltage and can sink up to 25 mA current.
This application note explains the following applications of SIO pins: comparator, charge pump, Salen-key filter, level
shifter, half wave rectifier, peak detector, and sleep wakeup using SIO comparator.
Contents
1
2
Introduction ...............................................................1
SIO Configuration in PSoC Creator™ ......................3
2.1
SIO Input Configuration ...................................3
2.2
SIO Output Configuration.................................4
3
Tip 1: Comparator.....................................................5
3.1
Top Design ......................................................5
3.2
Digital Input Pin Configuration .........................6
3.3
VDAC Configuration ........................................6
4
Tip 2: Comparator Wakeup.......................................7
4.1
Top Design ......................................................7
4.2
Configuration ...................................................8
5
Tip 3: Charge Pump .................................................9
5.1
Top Design ......................................................9
5.2
Configuration ...................................................9
5.3
Equivalent Schematic .................................... 10
1
6
7
Tip 4: Level Shifter ................................................. 11
Tip 5: Half Wave Rectifier ....................................... 12
7.1
Top Design .................................................... 12
7.2
Pairing SIO pins ............................................. 13
7.3
Equivalent Schematic .................................... 14
8
Tip 6: Peak Detector ............................................... 15
8.1
Top Design .................................................... 15
8.2
Equivalent Schematic .................................... 16
9
Tip 7: SIO as SPST/SPDT Switch .......................... 18
9.1
Top Design .................................................... 18
10 Tip 8: Handling SIOs in sleep mode ....................... 19
11 Summary ................................................................ 19
Document History............................................................ 20
Worldwide Sales and Design Support ............................. 21
Introduction
The SIO input can be set as a single ended or a differential input. When configured as a single ended input, the SIO
acts similar to a normal GPIO with standard CMOS and LVTTL input levels. However, when configured as a
differential input it acts as a comparator. The reference generator block provides the threshold for the comparator.
The SIO output level can be set as a standard CMOS output or a regulated output. In regulated output mode, the
VREF signal selected from Analog Global sets the VOH level. The SIO architecture is shown in Figure 1.
®
PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP devices have eight SIO pins that are organized as four pin pairs. A pair of SIO pins shares a
common reference generator block. See the Technical Reference Manual (TRM) for SIO architecture details and
PSoC 3 or PSoC 5LP device datasheet for SIO AC/DC specifications.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Buffer
enable
SIO Input path
Hysteresis
enable
Figure 1. SIO Architecture
Reference signal
from analog global
Digital System Input
Digital System Output
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Reference
generator
SIO pad
VREF
SIO Output path
driver
Vddio
Drive
Logic
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2
SIO Configuration in PSoC Creator™
2.1
SIO Input Configuration
The Digital Input Pin component configuration screen is shown in Figure 2. Selecting one of the four threshold options
circled in red configures the pin as SIO in differential input mode.
Figure 2. Digital Input Pin Configuration
Selecting 0.5 x VREF and VREF threshold options add Reference Terminal to the Digital Input Pin component. This
allows to route external reference from other components such as DAC or Pin.
Figure 3. Routing External Reference for Differential Input
Input Pin
Input
Terminal
Reference Terminal
Input Pin
Input Terminal
Reference Terminal
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This component uses SIO pin if Hot Swap is enabled and threshold is set to anything other than LVTTL or CMOS.
Note The outline in pink indicates that the Digital Input Pin component uses SIO pin.
2.2
SIO Output Configuration
The Digital Output Pin component configuration screen is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Digital Output Pin Configuration
Select VREF Drive Level option to configure the pin as SIO in regulated output mode. It adds reference terminal to the
Digital Output Pin component. This allows to route external reference from other components such as DAC or Pin.
Figure 5. Routing External Reference for Regulated Output
GPIO pins can source 4 mA and sink 8 mA; SIO pins can source 4 mA and sink 25 mA.
This component uses SIO pin if Drive Level is set to VREF, and Drive Current is set to a 25 mA sink.
Note The outline in pink indicates that the Digital Output Pin component uses SIO pin.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
3
Tip 1: Comparator
When the SIO pin is configured as a differential input, it acts as a comparator. The reference generator block
provides the threshold for the comparator. This comparator compares the input signal against the threshold voltage.
SIOs are not ideal comparators hence SIOs are good to be used as comparators when application does not have
strict requirements. The dedicated comparators in PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP devices have faster response and smaller
offset voltage (see PSoC 3 or PSoC 5LP device datasheet). Use dedicated comparators when application requires
fast response and small offset. Also, it is recommended to use 0.1 µF on SIO input pin as shown in Figure 6. This
capacitor filters out any system noise coupling to the signals on the SIO.
Figure 6. External Capacitor on SIO Pin to Remove System Noise
SIO Pin
0.1 uF
3.1
PSoC 3 /
PSoC 5LP
Top Design
The Digital Input Pin component is placed on the top design and the input threshold is set to V REF to enable external
reference routing. This component is named as Pin_SIO_Comp. The VDAC output is connected to the reference
terminal of SIO. The Digital Output Pin component is connected to the SIO input terminal and renamed as
Pin_CompOut. The analog pin Pin_ReferenceOut is also connected to VDAC to see the reference.
In design wide resources (*.cydwr) file, the pins Pin_SIO_Comp, Pin_CompOut, and Pin_ReferenceOut are mapped
to P12[2], P0[1], and P0[4] pins.
Figure 7. Top Design for Comparator
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
3.2
Digital Input Pin Configuration
Figure 8. Digital Input Pin Configuration
In the input tab, the threshold is set to VREF and hysteresis is enabled. Hysteresis of ±50 mV is provided on the SIO
input buffer to remove the noise effects. The SIO_HYST_EN register enables the hysteresis individually for each SIO
pin. See the TRM for more details.
3.3
VDAC Configuration
The VDAC voltage is set to 1 V.
Figure 9. VDAC Configuration
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
The project details are as follows:
1.
Open the project SIO_Comparator, build, and program the PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP on CY8CKIT-001
Development Kit.
2.
The ramp wave with amplitude 1 Vp-p and offset 1 V is given to P12[2].
3.
The comparator output is seen on pin P0[1]. Waveforms are shown in the following figure.
Figure 10. Comparator Waveforms
4
Tip 2: Comparator Wakeup
The SIO comparator remains active in sleep and hibernate modes. It can be used to wake up the device from these
modes to active mode. The reference signal from the comparator should be routed from external pins as the internal
circuits are disabled in these modes.
Note The current with SIO comparator is around 100 µA.
4.1
Top Design
The SIO is configured as comparator as shown in the previous example. The reference to SIO is given externally and
this terminal is connected to analog pin named Reference. The interrupt on the rising edge is set in the SIO pin
configuration. An Interrupt component is named ISR_WakeUp and connected to the ‘irq’ terminal of SIO.
In design wide resources (*.cydwr) file, the pins Pin_SIO_Comp, Pin_Reference, and Pin_LED are mapped to P12[2],
P0[4], and P1[7] pins.
Also for device to go in sleep mode, the debug ports must be disabled. In the design wide resources (*.cydwr) click
on the system tab and disable the debug ports select (DPS).
Figure 11. Comparator WakeUp
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
4.2
Configuration
The interrupt on SIO pin is set as rising edge interrupt.
Figure 12. SIO Interrupt Configuration
In the background loop, the device is put to sleep using CyPmSleep() API. When the SIO voltage crosses the
reference, it generates rising edge at comparator output and wakes up the device from sleep. After wakeup, the
device enters the ISR routine inside ISR and the interrupt flag is cleared. In the background loop, it toggles the pin
Pin_LED before going to sleep again. The same code can be written for the hibernate mode too using CyHibernate().
for(;;)
{
/* Save all the clocks before going to sleep mode*/
CyPmSaveClocks();
/* Puts the device in sleep */
CyPmSleep(PM_SLEEP_TIME_NONE,PM_SLEEP_SRC_PICU);
/* Restores all the clocks after coming to Active mode*/
CyPmRestoreClocks();
/* When the device wakes up, it toggles the LED */
Pin_LED_Write(Pin_LED_Read() ^ 1);
/* Delays between next time the device goes to sleep */
CyDelay(20);
}
The project details are as follows:
1.
Open the project SIO_WakeUp, build, and program the PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP on CY8CKIT-001 DVK.
2.
The potentiometer output VR (on P14 of DVK) is connected to P12[2]. Power the potentiometer by setting J11 to
ON position.
3.
The VADJ on DVK is set to 1.5 V by varying adjustable resistor R11 on DVK. The VADJ (on P14 of DVK) is
connected to P0[4].
4.
P1[7] is connected to LED1.
5.
Vary the potentiometer VR on the DVK; whenever it crosses the 1.5 V the LED is toggled.
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5
Tip 3: Charge Pump
Charge pump is a kind of DC to DC converter that uses capacitors as energy storage elements to create a higher
voltage power source.
5.1
Top Design
The Digital Output Pin component is placed in the top design, the number of pins is set to two, and the component is
renamed as Pin_SIO. The Pin_SIO_0 pin is configured as an Open Drain, Drive High and the Pin_SIO_1 is
configured as a strong drive. A clock of 10 kHz is given to the input terminal of Pin_SIO_0 and the inverted clock is
given to input terminal of Pin_SIO_1.
In design wide resources (*.cydwr) file, these two SIO pins are mapped to P12[1:0] pins.
Figure 13. Top Design for SIO Charge Pump
5.2
Configuration
The Pin_SIO_0 and Pin_SIO_1 pin drive mode configuration is as follows.
Figure 14. SIO Pins Drive Mode Configuration
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
5.3
Equivalent Schematic
Connect an external capacitor to this SIO pair and make a circuit as follows.
Figure 15. Schematic for Charge Pump
Pin_SIO_0
Vddio
D1
D2
Pin_SIO_1
Vddio
C1
C2
2xVddio
Clock/PWM
When the clock or PWM goes high, the Pin_SIO_0 charges the capacitor C1 to V DDIO referenced against GND on the
Pin_SIO_1. When the clock is low the Pin_SIO_0 is floating because of the open drain connection. But the low side of
C1 is now VDDIO; this makes C1 to have a 2 X VDDIO voltage developed at its high side. This makes the diode to
conduct and thus charges the capacitor C2 to 2 x VDDIO.
Note The capacitor C2 is referenced to GND and hence can see the entire voltage, 2 VDDIO.
This implements a charge pump to double the voltage. There is no need of diode D1 for voltage output up to 5 V
because the SIO can withstand maximum of 5 V regardless of VDDIO. To achieve voltages higher than 5 V, the diode
is used on the pin. PWM can also be used in place of the clock control. The PWM with a comparator feedback can
achieve a feedback controlled voltage.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
The project details are as follows:
6
1.
Open the project SIO_ChargePump, build, and program the PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP on the CY8CKIT-001 (DVK).
2.
The diodes and capacitors are connected as shown in Figure 15.
3.
The voltage of 2 x VDDIO is seen on the capacitor C2.
Tip 4: Level Shifter
The SIO pins are tolerant to input voltages higher than the I/O supply voltage. The hot swap feature prevents input
from being clamped to the I/O supply level, when the input voltage is above the I/O supply voltage. Each SIO pin can
tolerate any input voltage up to 5 V, regardless of I/O supply voltage. In cases where the input voltage exceeds I/O
supply voltage, the DC input leakage current is < 100 µA. This feature allows the SIO to be connected to an external
bus that can be switched to voltage levels higher than the I/O supply voltage.
The Digital Input Pin configuration enables Hot Swap feature is shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16. Hot Swap Configuration
Use the hot swap capability to interface to peripherals that operate at different voltage levels. The following example
shows how to interface to peripheral operating at 5 V while the PSoC 3 or PSoC 5LP device runs at 3.3 V. The SIO
pin Drive Mode is configured to Open Drain, Drive Low mode.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Figure 17. Application using Hot Swap
5V
3.3 V
Vddd
Vddio
PSoC
SIO
7
Target
Device
Tip 5: Half Wave Rectifier
The half wave rectifier is achieved with a pair of SIO pins.
7.1
Top Design
The Digital Output Pin component is placed in the top design, the number of pins is set to two, and the component is
renamed as Pin_SIO_Pair. The Pin_SIO_Pair_0 pin is configured as input pin and the threshold is set to VREF. The
Pin_SIO_Pair_1 is configured as output pin, the Drive Level is set to ‘V REF’, and drive mode is set to Open Drain,
Drive High. An analog pin is named as Pin_InputSignal and connected to reference terminal of SIO. SIO_Pair_0 input
terminal is inverted and then connected to the SIO_pair_1 output terminal.
The VDAC component is placed and named to VDAC8_Offset; it is set to give output of 1 V. The VDAC output is
buffered using the opamp component; the opamp is named Opamp_Buffer. The analog pin Pin_Offset connected to
the opamp, gives the DC offset for the input signal.
In design wide resources (*.cydwr) file, the pins Pin_SIO_Pair[1:0], Input_Signal, and Offset are mapped to P12[3:2],
P0[4], and P0[0] pins.
Figure 18. Top Design for Half Wave Rectifier
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
7.2
Pairing SIO pins
To map the pins as SIO pair, click on [All Pins] and select ‘Pair Selected SIOs’ option.
Figure 19. SIO Pair Configuration
Figure 20. DAC Configuration
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
7.3
Equivalent Schematic
Figure 21. Equivalent Schematic
Pin_Offset
VDAC
SIO Input
Buffer
Pin_SIO_Pair_0
SIO pair
Reference
Generator
AG
Offset
Offset
Offset
SIO Output
(Open Drain High)
Pin_InputSignal
Pin_SIO_Pair_1
1M
Offset
The analog input signal is biased on the offset and is given to SIO reference terminal. The Pin_SIO_Pair_0 is
connected to offset voltage. Whenever the signal is in positive half cycle the SIO_Pair_0 input is logic ‘Low’. This
input is inverted and used to drive the other SIO pin Pin_SIO_Pair_1. The Pin_SIO_Pair_1 gives the reference as
output as it is configured in regulated mode. Thus in positive half cycle of the input signal, the output of the
SIO_Pair_Ref is the signal itself. For negative cycle, the Pin_SIO_Pair_1 outputs High-Z as it is configured in Open
Drain, Drive High configuration. The pull-up resistor is connected to make the output equal to Offset during negative
cycles.
Note The signal should be less than VDDIO/2 because the maximum limit on the SIO input threshold in differential
mode is VDDIO/2.
The project details are as follows:
1.
Open the project ‘SIO_HalfWaveRectifier’, build, and program the PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP on the CY8CKIT-001
DVK.
2.
The analog signal is given to pin P0[4] with respect to P0[0]. This makes the input signal biased at ‘Offset’.
3.
Connect offset voltage P0[0] to P12[2].
4.
The pull up resistor of 1 M is connected between P12[3] and P0[0].
5.
Observe the half wave rectified output on pin P12[3].
Waveforms: At 50 kHz, with input 1 Vp-p, offset of 0 V.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Figure 22. Waveforms for Half Wave Rectifier
8
Tip 6: Peak Detector
This section explains how a single SIO can function as a peak detector of an analog signal. It gives the digital signal
with transitions at the peaks of the analog signal. The analog signal amplitude level should be less than V DDIO/2 peak
to peak, because threshold of SIO should be less than VDDIO/2.
8.1
Top Design
The Digital Input Pin is placed in the top design; the threshold is set to V REF and the pin is named as ‘Pin_SIO’. The
Reference terminal of the SIO is connected to the analog pin named Pin_Reference.
The VDAC component is placed and named to ‘VDAC8_Offset’; it is set to give output of 2 V. The VDAC output is
buffered using the opamp component; the opamp is named Opamp_Buffer. The analog pin Pin_Offset connected to
the opamp, gives the DC offset for the input signal.
In design wide resources (*.cydwr) file, the pins Pin_SIO, Pin_Reference, Pin_PeakOut, and Pin_Offset are mapped
to P12[2], P0[4], P0[1] and P0[0] pins.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Figure 23. Top Design for Peak Detector
8.2
Equivalent Schematic
Figure 24. Equivalent Schematic
Pin_SIO
Input Signal
Pin_PeakOut
Reference
Generator
Pin_Reference
The analog signal is biased at the Offset voltage. This signal is connected to both the SIO pin and also to the
reference of the SIO. The reference of SIO goes to the reference generator and it experiences a small delay in
reaching the threshold input of the comparator. This delay between the SIO input and the reference input makes it a
peak detector. The input signal is compared at the SIO input buffer against the delayed version of the signal and the
comparator output crosses zero at the peaks, as shown in Figure 25.
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Figure 25. Waveforms Showing Input and Delayed Signals
The project details are as follows:
1.
Open the project SIO_PeakDetector, build, and program the PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP on the CY8CKIT-001 DVK.
2.
The analog signal is biased on P0[0] and given to both P12[2] and P0[4].
3.
The digital output is seen on the pin P0[1].
4.
Waveforms are shown in the following figure.
The input signal is at 800 kHz, 1 Vp-p and offset is 2 V. The VDDIO = 5 V.
Figure 26. Peak Detector Waveforms
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
9
Tip 7: SIO as SPST/SPDT Switch
The SIO can be used as a hardware analog switch.
9.1
Top Design
The Digital Output Pin is placed in the Top Design. The drive level is set to V REF and the pin is named as Pin_SIO. An
analog pin named as ‘Pin_InputSignal’ is connected to SIO’s Reference terminal. The clock component is set to
frequency 500 kHz and connected to output terminal of SIO.
In design wide resources (*.cydwr) file, the pins Pin_SIO and Pin_InputSignal are mapped to P12[2] and P0[4] pins.
Figure 27. Top Design for SIO Switch
Single Pole Single Throw switch (SPST): SIO pin drive mode is configured as Open Drain, Drives High. The digital
output to the SIO connects/disconnects the VREF and SIO pin.
Figure 28. Equivalent Circuit for SPST Switch
Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT): SIO pin drive mode is configured as Strong Drive. The digital output to the SIO
connects or disconnects the SIO pin between VREF and Gnd.
Figure 29. Equivalent Circuit for SPDT Switch
Vref
Vref
SIO
Gnd
Digital System
Output
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SIO
Digital System
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
The project details are as follows:
1.
Open the project ‘SIO_Switch’, build, and program the PSoC 3 / PSoC 5LP on the CY8CKIT-001 DVK.
2.
The input signal is given to P0[4].
3.
The output, which is switched at 500 kHz is seen at P12[2]. The output of P12[2] switches between signal and
ground giving the SPDT functionality.
4.
Waveforms are shown in the following figure.
A clock of 500 kHz is made to drive the SIO pin configured in ‘Strong Drive’ mode.
Figure 30. Waveforms showing SIO Switch
10
Tip 8: Handling SIOs in sleep mode
SIO input pins should be put in single ended mode before putting PSoC device in sleep mode to reduce PSoC sleep
current. SIO’s in differential mode consume high current of 100 uA. To put SIO’s in single ended mode, use the
register PRT12_SIO_CFG and set the bits for the specific SIO pair to zero. After coming out of sleep, the bits should
be set back to previous values.
PRT12_SIO_CFG:
11
SIO[7:6]
SIO[5:4]
SIO[3:2]
SIO[1:0]
Bit7
Bit5
Bit3
Bit1
Bit6
Bit4
Bit2
Bit0
Summary
The SIO pin on PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP is designed to perform some special tasks. These are level translator, hot
swap capability, and high current capability as explained in PSoC Creator configuration section. However, the SIO pin
is so resourceful and flexible that many designs can be accomplished with this, making it a powerful feature. Thus, it
is useful to consider how to exploit the features of the SIO in every design.
About the Author
Name:
Pavankumar Vibhute
Title:
Systems Engineer Sr
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Document History
Document Title: AN60580 - SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
Document Number: 001-60580
Revision
ECN
Orig. of
Change
Submission
Date
Description of Change
**
2901596
PVKV
03/30/2010
New Application Note
*A
2967030
PVKV
07/01/2010
Updated for PSoC Creator 4.1, updated the project and document to work with
PSoC 3 / PSoC 5.
*B
3013833
PVKV
08/23/2010
The API Cy_Sleep() is changed to Cy_pm_Sleep().
*C
3443801
PVKV
11/21/2011
Project Updates for PSoC Creator 2.0. Updated template.
*D
3564190
PVKV
03/28/2012
Added a paragraph in Tip 1: Comparator
TIP 2: Comparator Wakeup updated according to a new code.
Updated template. Completing sunset review.
*E
3811571
PHAL
11/12/2012
Updated for PSoC 5LP
*F
4015097
PVKV
06/05/2013
Updated Introduction (Updated Figure 1, added Tip 8: Handling SIOs in sleep
mode).
Updated in new template.
*G
4734347
www.cypress.com
KRIS
04/23/2015
Updated associated projects to work with PSoC Creator 3.1 SP2
Document No. 001-60580 Rev. *G
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SIO Tips and Tricks in PSoC® 3 / PSoC 5LP
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NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Cypress reserves the
right to make changes without further notice to the materials described herein. Cypress does not assume any liability arising out of the application or
use of any product or circuit described herein. Cypress does not authorize its products for use as critical components in life-support systems where a
malfunction or failure may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user. The inclusion of Cypress’ product in a life-support systems
application implies that the manufacturer assumes all risk of such use and in doing so indemnifies Cypress against all charges.
Use may be limited by and subject to the applicable Cypress software license agreement.
www.cypress.com
Document No. 001-60580 Rev. *G
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