KAI 11002 D

KAI-11002
4008 (H) x 2672 (V) Interline
CCD Image Sensor
Description
The KAI−11002 Image Sensor is a high-performance 11-million
pixel sensor designed for professional digital still camera applications.
The 9.0 mm square pixels with microlenses provide high sensitivity
and the large full well capacity results in high dynamic range. The two
high-speed outputs and binning capabilities allow for 1−3 frames per
second (fps) video rate for the progressively scanned images.
The vertical overflow drain structure provides anti-blooming
protection and enables electronic shuttering for precise exposure
control. Other features include low dark current, negligible lag and
low smear.
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Table 1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter
Typical Value
Architecture
Interline CCD, Progressive Scan
Total Number of Pixels
4072 (H) × 2720 (V) = 11.1 M
Number of Effective Pixels
4033 (H) × 2688 (V) = 10.8 M
Number of Active Pixels
4008 (H) × 2672 (V) = 10.7 M
Number of Outputs
1 or 2
Features
Pixel Size
9.0 mm (H) × 9.0 mm (V)
Active Image Size
37.25 mm (H) × 25.70 mm (V),
43.3 mm (Diagonal),
35 mm Optical Format
Aspect Ratio
3:2
Saturation Signal
60,000 e−
Quantum Efficiency
KAI−11002−ABA
KAI−11002−CBA (RGB)
KAI−11002−FBA (RGB)
50%
32%, 34%, 40%
35%, 38%, 40%
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Output Sensitivity
13 mV/e−
Total Noise
30 e−
Dark Current
< 50 mV/s
Dark Current Doubling
Temperature
7°C
Dynamic Range
66 dB
Charge Transfer Efficiency
> 0.99999
Blooming Suppression
> 1000X
Smear
< −80 dB
Image Lag
< 10 e−
Maximum Data Rate
28 MHz
Package
40-pin, CERDIP, 0.070″ Pin Spacing
Cover Glass
AR Coated or Clear Glass
Figure 1. KAI−11002 Interline CCD
Image Sensor
High Resolution
High Sensitivity
High Dynamic Range
Low Noise Architecture
High Frame Rate
Binning Capability for Higher Frame Rate
Electronic Shutter
Applications
• Industrial Inspection
• Aerial Photography
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 2 of
this data sheet.
NOTE: All Parameters are specified at T = 40°C unless otherwise noted.
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016
February, 2016 − Rev. 5
1
Publication Order Number:
KAI−11002/D
KAI−11002
ORDERING INFORMATION
Table 2. ORDERING INFORMATION − KAI−11002 IMAGE SENSOR
Part Number
Description
KAI−11002−AAA−CR−B1*
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Grade 1
KAI−11002−AAA−CR−B2*
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Grade 2
KAI−11002−AAA−CR−AE*
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Engineering Sample
KAI−11002−AAA−CP−B1
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass, Grade 1
KAI−11002−AAA−CP−B2
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass, Grade 2
KAI−11002−AAA−CP−AE
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass, Engineering Sample
KAI−11002−ABA−CD−BX
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Special Grade
KAI−11002−ABA−CD−B0
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 0
KAI−11002−ABA−CD−B1
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 1
KAI−11002−ABA−CD−B2
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 2
KAI−11002−ABA−CD−AE
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Boht Sides), Engineering Sample
KAI−11002−ABA−CR−B1*
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Grade 1
KAI−11002−ABA−CR−B2*
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Grade 2
KAI−11002−ABA−CR−AE*
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Engineering Sample
KAI−11002−ABA−CP−B1
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass, Grade 1
KAI−11002−ABA−CP−B2
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass, Grade 2
KAI−11002−ABA−CP−AE
Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Taped Clear Cover Glass, Engineering Sample
KAI−11002−FBA−CD−B1
Gen2 Color (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 1
KAI−11002−FBA−CD−B2
Gen2 Color (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 2
KAI−11002−FBA−CD−AE
Gen2 Color (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample
KAI−11002−CAA−CD−B1*
Gen1 Color (Bayer RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 1
KAI−11002−CAA−CD−B2*
Gen1 Color (Bayer RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 2
KAI−11002−CAA−CD−AE*
Gen1 Color (Bayer RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample
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2
Marking Code
KAI−11002−AAA
Serial Number
KAI−11002−ABA
Serial Number
KAI−11002−FBA
Serial Number
KAI−11002−CAA
Serial Number
KAI−11002
Table 2. ORDERING INFORMATION − KAI−11002 IMAGE SENSOR (continued)
Part Number
Description
KAI−11002−CBA−CD−B1*
Gen1 Color (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 1
KAI−11002−CBA−CD−B2*
Gen1 Color (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Grade 2
KAI−11002−CBA−CD−AE*
Gen1 Color (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed),
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample
Marking Code
KAI−11002−CBA
Serial Number
*Not recommended for new designs.
Table 3. ORDERING INFORMATION − EVALUATION SUPPORT
Part Number
KAI−11002−12−30−A−EVK
Description
Evaluation Board (Complete Kit)
See the ON Semiconductor Device Nomenclature document (TND310/D) for a full description of the naming convention
used for image sensors. For reference documentation, including information on evaluation kits, please visit our web site at
www.onsemi.com.
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3
KAI−11002
DEVICE DESCRIPTION
Architecture
16 Dark Rows
Pixel
1,1
B G
4 Dummy Pixels
4008 (H) x 2672 (V)
Active Pixels
19 Dark Columns
G R
13 Buffer Columns
B G
G R
12 Buffer Columns
4 Dummy Pixels
20 Dark Columns
8 Buffer Rows
B G
B G
G R
G R
8 Buffer Rows
17 Dark Rows
Fast Line Dump
Video L
Video R
Single
4
20
12
or
Dual
4
20
12
4008
2004
2004
13
19
4
13
19
4
Figure 2. Block Diagram
clocked out Video L and the right half of the image is clocked
out Video R. For the Video L each row consists of 4 empty
pixels followed by 20 light shielded pixels followed by
2,016 photosensitive pixels. For the Video R each row
consists of 4 empty pixels followed by 19 light shielded
pixels followed by 2,017 photosensitive pixels. When
reconstructing the image, data from Video R will have to be
reversed in a line buffer and appended to the Video L data.
The dark rows are not entirely dark and so should not be
used for a dark reference level. Use the dark columns on the
left or right side of the image sensor as a dark reference.
Of the dark columns, the first and last dark columns
should not be used for determining the zero signal level.
Some light does leak into the first and last dark columns.
There are 17 light shielded rows followed 2,688
photoactive rows and finally 16 more light shielded rows.
The first 8 and the last 8 photoactive rows are buffer rows
giving a total of 2,672 lines of image data.
In the single output mode all pixels are clocked out of the
Video L output in the lower left corner of the sensor. The first
4 empty pixels of each line do not receive charge from the
vertical shift register. The next 20 pixels receive charge from
the left light shielded edge followed by 4,033 photosensitive
pixels and finally 19 more light shielded pixels from the
right edge of the sensor. The first 12 and last 13
photosensitive pixels are buffer pixels giving a total of 4,008
pixels of image data.
In the dual output mode the clocking of the right half of the
horizontal CCD is reversed. The left half of the image is
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4
KAI−11002
Pixel
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
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ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
Top View
Direction
of
Charge
Transfer
Cross Section Down Through VCCD
V1
V2
V1
9.0 mm
V1
Photodiode
Transfer
Gate
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
n−
V2
n−
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
n−
n
p Well (GND)
Direction of
Charge
Transfer
9.0 mm
n Substrate
True Two Phase Burried Channel VCCD
Lightshield over VCCD not shown
Cross Section Through
Photodiode and VCCD Phase 1
Cross Section Through Photodiode
and VCCD Phase 2 at Transfer Gate
Light Shield
Light Shield
É
É
p
Photodiode
ÉÉ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
É
ÉÉ
ÉÉÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÉ ÉÉ
V1
p+
n
p
n
Transfer
Gate
p+
p
p
n
p
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÉÉ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÉÉ
V2
n
p
p
p
n Substrate
n Substrate
NOTE: Drawings not scale.
p
Cross Section Showing Lenslet
Lenslet
Red Color Filter
Light Shield
Light Shield
VCCD
VCCD
Photodiode
Figure 3. Pixel Architecture
An electronic representation of an image is formed when
incident photons falling on the sensor plane create
electron-hole pairs within the individual silicon
photodiodes. These photoelectrons are collected locally by
the formation of potential wells at each photosite. Below
photodiode saturation, the number of photoelectrons
collected at each pixel is linearly dependent upon light level
and exposure time and non-linearly dependent on
wavelength. When the photodiodes charge capacity is
reached, excess electrons are discharged into the substrate to
prevent blooming.
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KAI−11002
Vertical to Horizontal Transfer
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
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Top View
Direction of
Vertical
Charge
Transfer
V1
Photodiode
Transfer
Gate
V2
V1
Fast
Line
Dump
V2
H2B
H2S
H1B
Lightshield
not shown
H1S
Direction of
Horizontal
Charge Transfer
Figure 4. Vertical to Horizontal Transfer Architecture
When the V1 and V2 timing inputs are pulsed, charge in
every pixel of the VCCD is shifted one row towards the
HCCD. The last row next to the HCCD is shifted into the
HCCD. When the VCCD is shifted, the timing signals to the
HCCD must be stopped. H1 must be stopped in the high state
and H2 must be stopped in the low state. The HCCD
clocking may begin tHD ms after the falling edge of the V1
and V2 pulse.
Charge is transferred from the last vertical CCD phase into
the H1S horizontal CCD phase. Refer to Figure 26 for an
example of timing that accomplishes the vertical to
horizontal transfer of charge.
If the fast line dump is held at the high level (FDH) during
a vertical to horizontal transfer, then the entire line is
removed and not transferred into the horizontal register.
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KAI−11002
Horizontal Register to Floating Diffusion
RD
R
n+
n
OG
n+
Floating
Diffusion
H1
H2S
ÏÏÏ
H2B
H1S
ÏÏÏÏ
n−
n−
n (burried channel)
H1B
H2S
ÏÏÏÏ
n−
p (GND)
n (SUB)
Figure 5. Horizontal Register to Floating Diffusion Architecture
When the HCCD is shifting valid image data, the timing
inputs to the electronic shutter (SUB), VCCD (V1, V2), and
fast line dump (FD) should be not be pulsed. This prevents
unwanted noise from being introduced. The HCCD is a type
of charge coupled device known as a pseudo-two phase
CCD. This type of CCD has the ability to shift charge in two
directions. This allows the entire image to be shifted out to
the video L output, or to the video R output (left/right image
reversal). The HCCD is split into two equal halves of 2,040
pixels each. When operating the sensor in single output
mode the two halves of the HCCD are shifted in the same
direction. When operating the sensor in dual output mode
the two halves of the HCCD are shifted in opposite
directions. The direction of charge transfer in each half is
controlled by the H1BL, H2BL, H1BR, and H2BR timing
inputs.
The HCCD has a total of 4,080 pixels. The 4,072 vertical
shift registers (columns) are shifted into the center 4,072
pixels of the HCCD. There are 4 pixels at both ends of the
HCCD, which receive no charge from a vertical shift
register. The first 4 clock cycles of the HCCD will be empty
pixels (containing no electrons). The next 20 clock cycles
will contain only electrons generated by dark current in the
VCCD and photodiodes. The next 4,033 clock cycles will
contain photo-electrons (image data). Finally, the last 19
clock cycles will contain only electrons generated by dark
current in the VCCD and photodiodes. Of the 20 dark
columns at the start of the line and the 19 dark columns at the
end of the line, the first and last dark columns should not be
used for determining the zero signal level. Some light does
leak into the first and last dark columns. Only use the center
18 columns of the 20 column dark reference at the start of the
line. Only use the center 17 columns of the 19 column dark
reference at the end of the line.
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KAI−11002
Horizontal Register Split
H1
H2
H2
H1
H1
H2
H2
H1BL
H2SL
H2BL
H1SL
H1BL
H2SL
H1BR
Pixel
2040
H1
H1SR
H1
H2
H2BR
H2SR
Pixel
2041
Single Output
H1
H2
H2
H1
H1
H2
H1
H1
H2
H2
H1BL
H2SL
H2BL
H1SL
H1BL
H2SL
H1BR
H1SR
H2BR
H2SR
Pixel
2040
Pixel
2041
Dual Output
Figure 6. Horizontal Register
Dual Output Operation
In dual output mode the connections to the H1BR and
H2BR pins are swapped from the single output mode to
change the direction of charge transfer of the right side
horizontal shift register. In dual output mode both VDDL
and VDDR (pins 3, 18) should be connected to 15 V. The H1
timing from the timing diagrams should be applied to H1SL,
H1BL, H1SR, H1BR, and the H2 timing should be applied
to H2SL, H2BL, H2SR, and H2BR. The clock driver
generating the H1 timing should be connected to pins 8, 9,
13, and 12. The clock driver generating the H2 timing should
be connected to pins 7, 10, 14, and 11. The horizontal CCD
should be clocked for 4 empty pixels plus 20 light shielded
pixels plus 2016 photoactive pixels for a total of
2,040 pixels. If the camera is to have the option of dual or
single output mode, the clock driver signals sent to H1BR
and H2BR may be swapped by using a relay. Another
alternative is to have two extra clock drivers for H1BR and
H2BR and invert the signals in the timing logic generator. If
two extra clock drivers are used, care must be taken to ensure
the rising and falling edges of the H1BR and H2BR clocks
occur at the same time (within 3 ns) as the other HCCD
clocks.
Single Output Operation
When operating the sensor in single output mode all pixels
of the image sensor will be shifted out the Video L output
(pin 2). To conserve power and lower heat generation the
output amplifier for Video R may be turned off by
connecting VDDR (pin 18) and VOUTR (pin 19) to GND
(zero volts).
The H1 timing from the timing diagrams should be
applied to H1SL, H1BL, H1SR, H2BR, and the H2 timing
should be applied to H2SL, H2BL, H2SR, and H1BR. In
other words, the clock driver generating the H1 timing
should be connected to pins 8, 9, 13, and 11. The clock driver
generating the H2 timing should be connected to pins 7, 10,
14, and 12. The horizontal CCD should be clocked for 4
empty pixels plus 20 light shielded pixels plus 4,032
photoactive pixels plus 20 light shielded pixels for a total of
4,076 pixels. H1BINL and H1BINR use the H1 timing, but
should be generated from a separate clock driver for optimal
performance.
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8
KAI−11002
Output
H1B
HCCD
Charge
Transfer
H1S
H2B
H2S
31 kW
H1BIN
VDD
OG
R
RD
Floating
Diffusion
VOUT
Source
Follower
#1
Source
Follower
#2
Source
Follower
#3
Figure 7. Output Architecture
The translation from the charge domain to the voltage
domain is quantified by the output sensitivity or charge to
voltage conversion in terms of microvolts per electron
(mV/e−). After the signal has been sampled off chip, the reset
clock (R) removes the charge from the floating diffusion and
resets its potential to the reset drain voltage (RD).
Charge packets contained in the horizontal register are
dumped pixel by pixel onto the floating diffusion (FD)
output node whose potential varies linearly with the quantity
of charge in each packet. The amount of potential charge is
determined by the expression DVFD = Q / DCFD.
A three-stage source-follower amplifier is used to buffer
this signal voltage off chip with slightly less than unity gain.
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9
KAI−11002
OGR
VRDR
21
V1
V2
26 25 24 23 22
GND
ESD
GND
29 28 27
FD
34 33 32 31 30
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
SUB
GND
39 38 37 36 35
V2
FD
40
V1
OGL
VRDL
Pin Description and Physical Orientation
RR
H1BR
VOUTR
H2BL
VDDR
H1BL
17 18 19 20
GND
12 13 14 15 16
H1BINR
10 11
GND
9
H2SR
8
H1SR
7
H2BR
6
H1SL
VDDL
5
GND
RL
4
H2SL
3
GND
2
H1BINL
1
VOUTL
Pixel 1,1
Figure 8. Pin Description
Table 4. PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin
Name
1
RL
Pin
Name
Reset Gate, Left
21
OGR
Video Output, Left
22
FD
Description
Description
Output Gate, Right
Fast Line Dump Gate
2
VOUTL
3
VDDL
VDD, Left
23
RDR
4
GND
Ground
24
V2
Vertical Clock, Phase 2
5
H1BINL
H1 Last Phase, Left
25
V1
Vertical Clock, Phase 1
Reset Drain, Right
6
GND
Ground
26
GND
Ground
7
H2SL
H2 Storage, Left
27
ESD
ESD Protection
8
H1SL
H1 Storage, Left
28
GND
Ground
9
H1BL
H1 Barrier, Left
29
GND
Ground
10
H2BL
H2 Barrier, Left
30
GND
Ground
11
H2BR
H2 Barrier, Right
31
GND
Ground
12
H1BR
H1 Barrier, Right
32
GND
Ground
13
H1SR
H1 Storage, Right
33
GND
Ground
14
H2SR
H2 Storage, Right
34
SUB
Substrate
Ground
35
GND
Ground
H1 Last Phase, Right
36
V2
Vertical Clock, Phase 2
Ground
37
V1
Vertical Clock, Phase 1
VDD, Right
38
RDL
Video Output, Right
39
FD
Reset Gate, Right
40
OGL
15
GND
16
H1BINR
17
GND
18
VDDR
19
VOUTR
20
RR
NOTE: The pins are on a 0.070″ spacing.
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10
Reset Drain, Left
Fast Line Dump Gate
Output Gate, Left
KAI−11002
IMAGING PERFORMANCE
Table 5. IMAGING PERFORMANCE OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
(Unless otherwise noted, the Imaging Performance Specifications are measured using the following conditions.)
Condition
Description
Notes
Frame Time
1,732 ms
1
Horizontal Clock Frequency
10 MHz
Light Source
Continuous Red, Green and Blue LED Illumination Centered at 450, 530 and 650 nm
Operation
Nominal Operating Voltages and Timing
2, 3
1. Electronic shutter is not used. Integration time equals frame time.
2. LEDs used: Blue: Nichia NLPB500, Green: Nichia NSPG500S and Red: HP HLMP−8115.
3. For monochrome sensor, only green LED used.
Specifications
Table 6. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature
Tested at
(5C)
Symbol
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
Sample
Plan
Maximum Photoresponse
Non-Linearity (Notes 2, 3)
NL
N/A
2
−
%
Design
Maximum Gain Difference between
Outputs (Notes 2, 3)
DG
N/A
10
−
%
Design
Max. Signal Error due to Non-Linearity
Dif. (Notes 2, 3)
DNL
N/A
1
−
%
Design
Horizontal CCD Charge Capacity
HNe
−
139
−
ke−
Design
Vertical CCD Charge Capacity
VNe
90
91
−
ke−
Die
Photodiode CCD Charge Capacity
PNe
58
60
−
ke−
Die
Horizontal CCD Charge Transfer
Efficiency
HCTE
0.99999
−
N/A
Design
Vertical CCD Charge Transfer
Efficiency
VCTE
0.99999
−
N/A
Design
Photodiode Dark Current
IPD
N/A
N/A
−
−
800
0.15
e/p/s
nA/cm2
Die
27, 40
Vertical CCD Dark Current
IVD
N/A
N/A
−
−
3,800
0.5
e/p/s
nA/cm2
Die
27, 40
Image Lag
Lag
N/A
< 10
50
e−
Design
Anti-Blooming Factor
XAB
100
300
N/A
Vertical Smear
Smr
N/A
−85
−75
dB
Design
Total Noise (Note 4)
ne−T
−
30
−
e− rms
Design
Dynamic Range (Note 5)
DR
−
66
−
dB
Design
Output Amplifier DC Offset
VODC
4
9
14
V
Die
Output Amplifier Bandwidth (Note 6)
f−3dB
−
106
−
MHz
Die
Output Amplifier Impedance
ROUT
100
150
200
W
Die
−
mV/e−
Design
Description
ALL CONFIGURATIONS
Output Amplifier Sensitivity
DV/DN
−
13
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11
Design
KAI−11002
Table 6. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS (continued)
Description
Symbol
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
Sample
Plan
QEMAX
45
50
N/A
%
Design
lQE
N/A
500
N/A
nm
−
−
−
35
38
40
N/A
N/A
N/A
−
−
−
610
530
460
N/A
N/A
N/A
−
−
−
32
34
40
N/A
N/A
N/A
−
−
−
620
540
460
N/A
N/A
N/A
KAI−11002−ABA CONFIGURATION
Peak Quantum Efficiency
Peak Quantum Efficiency Wavelength
KAI−11002−FBA CONFIGURATION GEN2 COLOR
Peak Quantum Efficiency
Red
Green
Blue
Peak Quantum Efficiency Wavelength
Red
Green
Blue
QEMAX
lQE
%
Design
nm
Design
%
Design
nm
Design
KAI−11002−CBA CONFIGURATION GEN1 COLOR (Note 7)
Peak Quantum Efficiency
Red
Green
Blue
Peak Quantum Efficiency Wavelength
Red
Green
Blue
QEMAX
lQE
NOTE: N/A = Not Applicable.
1. Per color.
2. Value is over the range of 10% to 90% of photodiode saturation.
3. Value is for the sensor operated without binning.
4. Includes system electronics noise, dark pattern noise and dark current shot noise at 30 MHz.
5. Uses 20LOG (PNe / ne−T).
6. Last stage only, CLOAD = 10 pF. Then f−3dB = (1 / (2n ⋅ ROUT ⋅ CLOAD)).
7. This color filter set configuration (Gen1) is not recommended for new designs.
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12
Temperature
Tested at
(5C)
KAI−11002
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
Quantum Efficiency
Monochrome with Microlens
0.60
Absolute Quantum Efficiency
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 9. Monochrome with Microlens Quantum Efficiency
Monochrome without Microlens
0.20
0.18
Absolute Quantum Efficiency
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 10. Monochrome without Microlens Quantum Efficiency
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13
1000
KAI−11002
Color with Microlens
0.45
Absolute Quantum Efficiency
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000 1050 1100
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 11. Color with Microlens Quantum Efficiency using AR Glass
Color without Microlens
Absolute Quantum Efficiency
0.18
0.16
Red
0.14
Green
Blue
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 12. Color without Microlens Quantum Efficiency using AR Glass
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14
1000
KAI−11002
Angular Quantum Efficiency
For the curves marked “Horizontal”, the incident light angle is varied in a plane parallel to the HCCD.
For the curves marked “Vertical”, the incident light angle is varied in a plane parallel to the VCCD.
Monochrome with Microlens
100%
100
Relative Quantum Efficiency (%)
90%
Vertical
80%
70%
60%
Horizontal
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Angle (degress)
Figure 13. Monochrome with Microlens Angular Quantum Efficiency
Color with Microlens
100%
Vertical
Relative Quantum Efficiency (%)
90%
80%
Red
70%
Green
60%
Blue
Vertical
50%
Horizontal
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
Angle (degress)
Figure 14. Color with Microlens Angular Quantum Efficiency
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15
20
25
KAI−11002
Power-Estimated
Right Output Disabled
500
450
Output Power One Output (mW)
Vertical Power One Output (mW)
400
Horizonatl Power (mW)
Power (mW)
350
Total Power One Output (mW)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Horizontal Clock Frequency (MHz)
Figure 15. Power
Frame Rates − Continuous Mode
5
4.5
Dual output
4
Frame Rate (fps)
3.5
3
Single output
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
5
10
15
Pixel Clock (MHz)
Figure 16. Frame Rates
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16
20
25
30
KAI−11002
DEFECT DEFINITIONS
Table 7. DEFECT DEFINITIONS (Notes 1, 2)
Description
Definition
Class X
Monochrome
with Microlens
Only
Major Dark Field
Defective Pixel
Defect ≥ 239 mV
100
100
100
200
200
Defect ≥ 15%
100
100
100
200
200
Defect ≥ 123 mV
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
Cluster Defect
A group of 2 to “N”
contiguous major defective
pixels, but no more than “W”
adjacent defects horizontally.
0
1
N = 10
W=3
20
N = 10
W=3
20
N = 10
W=3
20
N = 12
W=5
Column Defect
A group of more than 10
contiguous major defective
pixels along a single column.
0
0
0
10
2
Major Bright
Field Defective
Pixel
Minor Dark Field
Defective Pixel
Class 0
Monochrome
with Microlens
Only
Class 1
Class 2
Color Only
Class 2
Monochrome
Only
NOTE: Class X sensors are offered strictly “as available”. ON Semiconductor cannot guarantee delivery dates. Please call for availability.
1. There will be at least two non-defective pixels separating any two major defective pixels.
2. Tested at 27°C and 40°C.
Defect Map
The defect map supplied with each sensor is based upon
testing at an ambient (27°C) temperature. Minor point
defects are not included in the defect map. All defective
pixels are reference to pixel 1, 1 in the defect maps.
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17
KAI−11002
TEST DEFINITIONS
Test Regions of Interest
Overclocking
Active Area ROI:
Pixel (1, 1) to Pixel (4008, 2672)
Center 100 by 100 ROI: Pixel (1954, 1336) to
Pixel (2053, 1435)
The test system timing is configured such that the sensor
is overclocked in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
See Figure 17 for a pictorial representation of the regions.
Only the active pixels are used for performance and defect
tests.
H
Horizontal Overclock
Pixel 1,1
V
Vertical Overclock
Figure 17. Overclock Regions of Interest
Tests
region of interest, the average value of all pixels is found.
For each region of interest, a pixel is marked defective if it
is greater than or equal to the median value of that region of
interest plus the bright threshold specified or if it is less than
or equal to the median value of that region of interest minus
the dark threshold specified.
Example for major bright field defective pixels:
• Average value of all active pixels is found to be
520 mV (40,000 electrons).
• Dark defect threshold: 520 mV ⋅ 15% = 78 mV
• Bright defect threshold: 520 mV ⋅ 15% = 78 mV
• Region of interest #1 selected. This region of interest is
pixels 1, 1 to pixels 167, 167.
♦ Median of this region of interest is found to be
520 mV.
♦ Any pixel in this region of interest that is
≥ (520 + 78 mV) 598 mV in intensity will be marked
defective.
♦ Any pixel in this region of interest that is
≤ (520 − 78 mV) 442 mV in intensity will be marked
defective.
• All remaining 384 sub regions of interest are analyzed
for defective pixels in the same manner.
Dark Field Defect Test
This test is performed under dark field conditions.
The sensor is partitioned into 384 sub regions of interest,
each of which is 167 by 167 pixels in size. In each region of
interest, the median value of all pixels is found. For each
region of interest, a pixel is marked defective if it is greater
than or equal to the median value of that region of interest
plus the defect threshold specified in the “Defect
Definitions” section.
Bright Field Defect Test
This test is performed with the imager illuminated to
a level such that the output is at approximately
40,000 electrons. Prior to this test being performed the
substrate voltage has been set such that the charge capacity
of the sensor is 60,000 electrons. The average signal level of
all active pixels is found. The bright and dark thresholds are
set as:
Dark Defect Threshold = Active Area Signal @ Threshold
Bright Defect Threshold = Active Area Signal @ Threshold
The sensor is then partitioned into 384 sub regions of
interest, each of which is 167 by 167 pixels in size. In each
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18
KAI−11002
OPERATION
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Absolute maximum rating is defined as a level or
condition that should not be exceeded at any time per the
description. If the level or the condition is exceeded,
the device will be degraded and may be damaged.
Table 8. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Description
Operating Temperature
Symbol
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
Notes
TOP
−50
70
°C
1
Humidity
RH
5
90
%
2
Output Bias Current
IOUT
0.0
−40
mA
3
CL
−
10
pF
Off-Chip Load
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. Noise performance will degrade at higher temperatures.
2. T = 25°C. Excessive humidity will degrade MTTF.
3. Total for both outputs. Current is −20 mA for each output. Avoid shorting output pins to ground or any low impedance source during operation.
Amplifier bandwidth increases at higher current and lower load capacitance at the expense of reduced gain (sensitivity). Operation at these
values will reduce MTTF.
Table 9. MAXIMUM VOLTAGE RATINGS BETWEEN PINS
Description
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
RL, RR, H1BINL, H1BINR, H2SL, H1SL, H1BL, H2BL,
H2BR, H1BR, H1SR, H2SR, OGL, OGR to ESD
0
17
V
−17
17
V
0
25
V
Pin to Pin with ESD Protection
VDDL, VDDR to GND
Notes
1
1. Pins with ESD protection are: RL, RR, H1BINL, H1BINR, H2SL, H1SL, H1BL, H2BL, H2BR, H1BR, H1SR, H2SR, OGL, and OGR.
Table 10. DC BIAS OPERATING CONDITIONS
Symbol
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
Maximum
DC Current
Output Gate
OG
−3.0
−2.5
−2.0
V
1 mA
Reset Drain
RD
10.5
11.5
12.0
V
1 mA
Output Amplifier Supply
VDD
14.5
15.0
15.5
V
2 mA
Ground
GND
0.0
0.0
0.0
V
Substrate
SUB
8.0
TBD
17.0
V
1, 5
ESD Protection Disable
ESD
−9.0
−8.0
−7.0
V
2
Output Bias Current
IOUT
−
−5
−10
mA
3
Description
Notes
4
1. The operating of the substrate voltage, VAB, will be marked on the shipping container for each device. The value of VAB is set such that the
photodiode charge capacity is 60,000 electrons.
2. VESD must be at least 1 V more negative than H1L and H2L during sensor operation AND during camera power turn on.
3. An output load sink must be applied to VOUT to activate output amplifier.
4. The maximum DC current is for one output unloaded. This is the maximum current that the first two stages of one output amplifier will draw.
This value is with VOUT disconnected.
5. Refer to Application Note Using Interline CCD Image Sensors in High Intensity Visible Lighting Conditions.
Power-Up Sequence
1. Substrate
2. ESD Protection
3. All Other Biases and Clocks
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19
KAI−11002
AC Operating Conditions
Table 11. CLOCK LEVELS
Description
Symbol
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
V2H
7.5
8.0
8.5
V
Vertical CCD Clocks Midlevel
V1M, V2M
−0.2
0.0
0.2
V
Vertical CCD Clocks Low
V1L, V2L
−9.5
−9.0
−8.5
V
Horizontal CCD Clocks Amplitude
H1H, H2H
5.8
6.0
6.2
V
Horizontal CCD Clocks Low
H1L, H2L
−4.2
−4.0
−3.8
V
RH
1.3
1.5
1.7
V
Vertical CCD Clock High
Reset Clock High
Reset Clock Low
RL
−3.7
−3.5
−3.3
V
VSHUTTER
39
40
48
V
Fast Dump High
FDH
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Fast Dump Low
FDL
−9.5
−9.0
−8.5
V
Electronic Shutter Voltage
Notes
2
1
1. FDL can use the same supply as Vertical CCD Clocks Low if desired.
2. Refer to Application Note Using Interline CCD Image Sensors in High Intensity Visible Lighting Conditions.
Table 12. CLOCK LINE CAPACITANCES
Clocks
Capacitance
Unit
Notes
V1 to GND
108
nF
1
V2 to GND
118
nF
1
V1 to V2
56
nF
H1S to GND
27
pF
2
H2S to GND
27
pF
2
H1B to GND
13
pF
2
H2B to GND
4
pF
2
H1S to H2B and H2S
13
pF
2
H1B to H2B and H2S
13
pF
2
H2S to H1B and H1S
13
pF
2
H2B to H1B and H1S
13
pF
2
H1BIN to GND
20
pF
2
R to GND
10
pF
FD to GND
20
pF
1. Gate capacitance to GND is voltage dependent. Value is for nominal VCCD clock voltages.
2. For nominal HCCD clock voltages, these values are for half of the imager (H1SL, H1BL, H2SL, H2BL and H1BINL or H1SR, H1BR, H2SR,
H2BR and H1BINR).
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20
KAI−11002
TIMING
Table 13. TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Description
Symbol
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
tHD
3.0
3.5
10.0
ms
VCCD Transfer Time
tVCCD
3.0
3.5
20.0
ms
Photodiode Transfer Time
HCCD Delay
tV3rd
8.0
10.0
15.0
ms
VCCD Pedestal Time
t3P
100.0
120.0
200.0
ms
VCCD Delay
t3D
15.0
20.0
80.0
ms
Reset Pulse Time
tR
2.5
5.0
−
ns
Shutter Pulse Time
tS
3.0
4.0
10.0
ms
Shutter Pulse Delay
tSD
1.0
1.5
10.0
ms
HCCD Clock Period
tH
33
−
200
ns
VCCD Rise/Fall Time
tVR
0.0
0.1
1.0
ms
Fast Dump Gate Delay
tFD
0.5
−
−
ms
Vertical Clock Edge Alignment
tVE
0.0
−
100
ns
Main Timing − Continuous Mode
Vertical Frame
Timing
Line Timing
Repeat for 2721
Lines
Figure 18. Main Timing − Continuous Mode
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21
KAI−11002
Frame Timing − Continuous Mode
Frame Timing without Binning
V1M
V1
V1L
V1H
tL
tV3rd
tL
V2M
V2
V2L
Line 2720
t3P
Line 2721
t3D
Line 1
H1H, H1BINH
H1, H1BIN
H1L, H1BINL
H2H
H2
H2L
Figure 19. Frame Timing without Binning
Frame Timing for Vertical Binning by 2
V1
tL
tV3rd
tL
3 × tVCCD
V2
t3P
Line 1360
t3D
Line 1
Line 1361
H1, H1BIN
H2
Figure 20. Frame Timing for Vertical Binning by 2
Frame Timing Edge Alignment
V1M
V1
V1L
V2H
V2M
V2
tVE
V2L
Figure 21. Frame Timing Edge Alignment
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22
KAI−11002
Line Timing − Continuous Mode
Line Timing Single Output
tL
V1
tVCCD
V2
tHD
H1, H1BIN
H2
4073
4074
4075
4076
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
23
24
25
26
27
28
Pixel Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
Figure 22. Line Timing Single Output
Line Timing Dual Output − Left Output
tL
V1
tVCCD
V2
tHD
H1, H1BIN
H2
Figure 23. Line Timing Dual Output − Left Output
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23
2039
2040
2037
2038
2035
2036
2033
2034
2031
2032
2030
26
27
28
25
23
24
4
5
6
1
Pixel Count
2
3
R
KAI−11002
Line Timing Dual Output − Right Output
tL
V1
tVCCD
V2
tHD
H1, H1BIN
H2
2039
2040
2037
2038
2035
2036
2033
2034
2031
2032
2030
26
27
28
25
23
24
4
5
6
2
3
Pixel Count
1
R
Figure 24. Line Timing Dual Output − Right Output
Line Timing Vertical Binning by 2
tL
V1
tVCCD
V2
tHD
H1, H1BIN
H2
Figure 25. Line Timing Vertical Binning by 2
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24
4076
4074
4075
4073
4057
4058
4055
4056
4053
4054
28
26
27
24
25
23
4
5
2
3
Pixel Count
1
R
KAI−11002
Line Timing Detail
V1
tVCCD
V2
tH
tHD
H1, H1BIN
H2
R
Figure 26. Line Timing Detail
Line Timing Binning by 2 Detail
V1
tVCCD
V2
tH
tHD
H1, H1BIN
H2
R
Figure 27. Line Timing Binning by 2 Detail
Line Timing Edge Alignment
tVCCD
V1
V2
tVE
tVE
Figure 28. Line Timing Edge Alignment
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25
KAI−11002
Pixel Timing − Continuous Mode
V1
V2
H1,
H1BIN
H2
Pixel
Count
1
2
3
4
5
23
24
25
26
R
VOUT
Dummy Pixels
Light Shielded Pixels
Photosensitive Pixels
Figure 29. Pixel Timing
Pixel Timing Detail
tR
RH
R
RL
H1H, H1BINH
H1,
H1BIN
H1L, H1BINL
H2H
H2
H2L
VOUT
Figure 30. Pixel Timing Detail
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26
KAI−11002
Fast Line Dump Timing
fFD
fV1
fV2
tFD
tVCCD
tFD
tVCCD
fH1
fH2
Figure 31. Fast Line Dump Timing
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27
KAI−11002
Electronic Shutter
Electronic Shutter Line Timing
fV1
fV2
tVCCD
tHD
VSHUTTER
tS
VSUB
tSD
fH1
fH2
fR
Figure 32. Electronic Shutter Line Timing
Electronic Shutter − Integration Time Definition
fV2
Integration Time
VSHUTTER
VSUB
Figure 33. Integration Time Definition
Electronic Shutter Description
The voltage on the substrate (SUB) determines the charge
capacity of the photodiodes. When SUB is 8 volts the
photodiodes will be at their maximum charge capacity.
Increasing VSUB above 8 volts decreases the charge
capacity of the photodiodes until 40 volts when the
photodiodes have a charge capacity of zero electrons.
Therefore, a short pulse on SUB, with a peak amplitude
greater than 40 volts, empties all photodiodes and provides
the electronic shuttering action.
It may appear the optimal substrate voltage setting is
8 volts to obtain the maximum charge capacity and dynamic
range. While setting VSUB to 8 volts will provide the
maximum dynamic range, it will also provide the minimum
anti-blooming protection.
The KAI−11002 VCCD has a charge capacity of
90,000 electrons (90 ke−). If the SUB voltage is set such that
the photodiode holds more than 90 ke−, then when the
charge is transferred from a full photodiode to VCCD,
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28
KAI−11002
protection. A low VSUB voltage provides the maximum
dynamic range and minimum (or no) anti-blooming
protection. A high VSUB voltage provides lower dynamic
range and maximum anti-blooming protection. The optimal
setting of VSUB is written on the container in which each
KAI−11002 is shipped. The given VSUB voltage for each
sensor is selected to provide anti-blooming protection for
bright spots at least 100 times saturation, while maintaining
at least 60 ke− of dynamic range.
The electronic shutter provides a method of precisely
controlling the image exposure time without any
mechanical components. If an integration time of tINT is
desired, then the substrate voltage of the sensor is pulsed to
at least 40 volts tINT seconds before the photodiode to
VCCD transfer pulse on V2. Use of the electronic shutter
does not have to wait until the previously acquired image has
been completely read out of the VCCD.
The figure below shows the DC bias (SUB) and AC clock
(VSHUTTER) applied to the SUB pin. Both the DC bias and
AC clock are referenced to ground.
the VCCD will overflow. This overflow condition manifests
itself in the image by making bright spots appear elongated
in the vertical direction. The size increase of a bright spot is
called blooming when the spot doubles in size.
The blooming can be eliminated by increasing the voltage
on SUB to lower the charge capacity of the photodiode. This
ensures the VCCD charge capacity is greater than the
photodiode capacity. There are cases where an extremely
bright spot will still cause blooming in the VCCD. Normally,
when the photodiode is full, any additional electrons
generated by photons will spill out of the photodiode.
The excess electrons are drained harmlessly out to the
substrate. There is a maximum rate at which the electrons
can be drained to the substrate. If that maximum rate is
exceeded, (for example, by a very bright light source) then
it is possible for the total amount of charge in the photodiode
to exceed the VCCD capacity. This results in blooming.
The amount of anti-blooming protection also decreases
when the integration time is decreased. There is
a compromise between photodiode dynamic range
(controlled by VSUB) and the amount of anti-blooming
VSHUTTER
SUB
GND
GND
Figure 34. DC Bias and AC Clock Applied to the SUB Pin
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29
KAI−11002
STORAGE AND HANDLING
Table 14. STORAGE CONDITIONS
Description
Symbol
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
Notes
Storage Temperature
TST
−20
80
°C
1
Humidity
RH
5
90
%
2
1. Long-term exposure toward the maximum temperature will accelerate color filter degradation.
2. T = 25°C. Excessive humidity will degrade MTTF.
For information on ESD and cover glass care and
cleanliness, please download the Image Sensor Handling
and Best Practices Application Note (AN52561/D) from
www.onsemi.com.
For quality and reliability information, please download
the Quality & Reliability Handbook (HBD851/D) from
www.onsemi.com.
For information on device numbering and ordering codes,
please download the Device Nomenclature technical note
(TND310/D) from www.onsemi.com.
For information on environmental exposure, please
download the Using Interline CCD Image Sensors in High
Intensity Lighting Conditions Application Note
(AND9183/D) from www.onsemi.com.
For information on Standard terms and Conditions of
Sale, please download Terms and Conditions from
www.onsemi.com.
For information on soldering recommendations, please
download the Soldering and Mounting Techniques
Reference
Manual
(SOLDERRM/D)
from
www.onsemi.com.
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30
KAI−11002
MECHANICAL INFORMATION
Package
Notes:
1. See Ordering Information for marking code.
2. Cover glass is manually placed and visually aligned over die − location accuracy is not guaranteed.
Figure 35. Package Drawing
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KAI−11002
Die to Package Alignment
Notes:
1. Center of image is offset from center of package by (0.00, 0.10) mm nominal.
2. Die is aligned within ±1 degrees of any package cavity edge.
Figure 36. Die to Package Alignment
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KAI−11002
Glass
Notes:
Double Sided AR Coated Glass
1. Multi-Layer Anti-Reflective Coating on 2 Sides:
Double Sided Reflectance:
Range (mm)
420−450 nm < 2%
450−630 nm < 1%
630−680 nm < 2%
2. Dust, Scratch Specification − 20 microns max.
3. Substrate − Schott D236T eco or equivalent
4. Epoxy: NCO−150HB
Thickness: 0.002″−0.005″
Clear Glass
1. Materials: Substrate − Schott D236T eco or equivalent
2. No Epoxy
3. Dust, Scratch Count − 20 microns max.
4. Reflectance:
420−435 nm < 10%
435−630 nm < 10%
630−680 nm < 10%
Figure 37. Glass Drawing
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KAI−11002
Glass Transmission
100
90
80
Transmission (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
Clear
10
0
200
MAR
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 38. MAR and Clear Glass Transmission
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