CAT3649 D

CAT3649
6-Channel LED Driver with
32 Dimming Levels & PWM
Description
PWM
CPWM
VOUT
VIN
1
C1+
ADIM
C1−
LED6
C2+
LED5
C2−
LED4
LED3
High Efficiency 1.33x Charge Pump
Charge Pump: 1x, 1.33x, 1.5x, 2x
Drives up to 6 LEDs at 25 mA Each
PWM Dimming 100 Hz to 200 kHz for CABC
1−wire EZDim 32 Linear Steps (ADIM)
Power Efficiency up to 92%
Low Noise Input Ripple in All Modes
“Zero” Current Shutdown Mode
Soft Start and Current Limiting
Short Circuit Protection
Thermal Shutdown Protection
3 mm x 3 mm, 16−pad TQFN Package
This Device is Pb−Free, Halogen Free/BFR Free and is RoHS
Compliant
PIN CONNECTIONS
LED2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TQFN−16
HV3 SUFFIX
CASE 510AD
GND
Features
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LED1
The CAT3649 is a high efficiency fractional charge pump that can
drive up to six LEDs. The inclusion of a 1.33x fractional charge pump
mode increases the device efficiency by up to 10% over traditional
1.5x charge pumps with no added external capacitors.
Low noise input ripple is achieved by operating at a constant
switching frequency which allows the use of small external ceramic
capacitors. The multi−fractional charge pump supports a wide range of
input voltages from 2.4 V to 5.5 V.
The LED current can be adjusted in different ways. The full−scale LED
current is set to 25 mA once the device is enabled. Analog dimming in
32 linear steps is achieved via a 1−wire pulse−dimming input (ADIM).
Further adjustment of the LED current can be done by applying a pulse
width modulation (PWM) signal on the PWM input. The PWM
dimming control is compatible with content adaptive brightness control
(CABC) for a wide range of PWM signal frequency up to 200 kHz.
The CAT3649 can be shut down by holding the ADIM or PWM
input in a logic low condition for greater than 30 ms.
ON Semiconductor’s 1.33x charge pump switching architecture is
patented.
(Top View)
MARKING DIAGRAM
JABA
AXXX
YWW
JABA = CAT3649HV3−GT2
A = Assembly Location
XXX = Last Three Digits of Assembly Lot Number
Y = Production Year (Last Digit)
WW = Production Week (Two Digits)
Typical Applications (Note 1)
•
•
•
•
ORDERING INFORMATION
LCD Display Backlight
Cellular Phones
Digital Still Cameras
Handheld Devices
1. Typical application circuit with external components is shown in Figure 1.
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2014
August, 2014 − Rev. 3
1
Device
Package
Shipping†
CAT3649HV3−GT2
TQFN−16
(Pb−Free)
2000 /
Tape & Reel
†For information on tape and reel specifications,
including part orientation and tape sizes, please
refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specification
Brochure, BRD8011/D.
Publication Order Number:
CAT3649/D
CAT3649
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit
Table 1. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VIN, LEDx, C1±, C2±, PWM, ADIM, CPWM voltage
GND−0.3 to 6
V
VOUT
GND−0.3 to 7
V
Storage Temperature Range
−65 to +160
_C
Junction Temperature Range
−40 to +150
_C
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
Table 2. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Rating
Unit
VIN
Parameter
2.4 to 5.5
V
Ambient Temperature Range
−40 to +85
_C
0 to 25
mA
LED pin Current range
Functional operation above the stresses listed in the Recommended Operating Ranges is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses beyond
the Recommended Operating Ranges limits may affect device reliability.
Table 3. RECOMMENDED ADIM, PWM TIMING (For 2.4 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V, over full ambient temperature range −40°C to +85°C.)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
ADIM program low time
TLO
0.2
ADIM program high time
THI
0.2
ADIM to LED current settling time
ADIM or PWM low time to shutdown
TLED
No CPWM capacitor
TPWRDWN
Typ
Max
Units
2000
ms
ms
40
12.5
20
ms
30
ms
PWM to VOUT delay time
TPWM VOUT
40
ms
PWM maximum frequency
FPWM MAX
200
kHz
PWM minimum duty cycle
DCPWM MIN
1
%
100 kHz PWM frequency
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CAT3649
Figure 2. ADIM Dimming Timing Diagram (no CPWM, PWM high)
Table 4. ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 2 and 3)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
IQ
1x mode
1.33 x mode, VIN = 3 V
1.5x mode, VIN = 2.8 V
2x mode, VIN = 2.6 V
IQSHDN
VADIM = 0 V
LED Current Setting
ILED−SET
After ADIM is first enabled
(full scale LED current)
LED Current Accuracy
ILED−ACC
(ILEDx – INOMINAL) / INOMINAL
25 mA ILED setting
−10
±2
+10
%
LED Channel Matching
ILED−DEV
(ILED − ILEDAVG) / ILEDAVG
25 mA ILED setting
−5
±1.5
+5
%
CPWM Pin Regulated Voltage
VCPWM
VPWM = VIN
0.6
V
Output Resistance (open loop)
ROUT
1x mode
1.33x mode, VIN = 3 V
1.5x mode, VIN = 2.7 V
2x mode, VIN = 2.4 V
0.8
5
5
10
W
Charge Pump Frequency
FOSC
1.33x and 2x mode
1.5x mode
Output short circuit Current Limit
ISC_MAX
VOUT < 0.5 V
50
mA
Input Current Limit
IIN_MAX
VOUT > 1 V, 1x mode
250
mA
1x to 1.33x Transition Thresholds at any LED pin
VLEDTH
25 mA LED current per channel
100
mV
20
MW
V
V
Quiescent Current (excluding load)
Shutdown Current
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1.4
2.2
2.7
2.8
2
4
4
4
mA
1
mA
25
0.8
1
1
1.3
mA
1.3
1.6
MHz
ADIM and PWM Pins
− Pull−down resistance
− Logic High Level
− Logic Low Level
RPD
VHI
VLO
Thermal Shutdown
TSD
150
_C
Thermal Hysteresis
THYS
20
_C
Undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold
VUVLO
2.0
V
1.3
0.4
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
2. Typical values are at VIN = 3.6 V, PWM = ADIM = High, TAMB = 25°C.
3. Min and Max values are over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise.
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CAT3649
Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram
Basic Operation
This sequence repeats in the 1.33x and 1.5x mode until the
driver enters the 2x mode. In 1.5x mode, the output voltage
is approximately equal to 1.5 times the input supply voltage.
While in 2x mode, the output is approximately equal to 2
times the input supply voltage.
If the device detects a sufficient input voltage is present to
drive all LED currents in 1x mode, it will change
automatically back to 1x mode. This only applies for
changing back to the 1x mode. The difference between the
input voltage when exiting 1x mode and returning to 1x
mode is called the 1x mode transition hysteresis (VHYS) and
is about 300 mV.
At power−up, the CAT3649 starts operating in 1x mode
where the output will be approximately equal to the input
supply voltage (less any internal voltage losses). If the
output voltage is sufficient to regulate all LED currents, the
device remains in 1x operating mode.
If the input voltage is insufficient or falls to a level where
the regulated currents cannot be maintained, the device
automatically switches into 1.33x mode. In 1.33x mode, the
output voltage is approximately equal to 1.33 times the input
supply voltage (less any internal voltage losses).
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CAT3649
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 3.6 V, PWM = VIN, IOUT = 120 mA (6 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, CPWM = 47 nF,
TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.)
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
VF = 3.3 V
2x
3
1.33x
2
1.5x
1x
1
0
LED CURRENT VARIATION (%)
4
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2
1
VIN = 2.6 V
1.5x
VIN = 2.9 V
1.33x
VIN = 3.3 V
1x
VIN = 4.0 V
0
40
80
120
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 4. Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
Figure 5. Quiescent Current vs. Temperature
10
10
8
8
6
4
2
0
−2
−4
−6
−8
−10
2x
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
VF = 3.3 V
6
4
2
0
−2
−4
−6
−8
−10
−40
0
80
120
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 6. LED Current Change vs. Input
Voltage
Figure 7. LED Current Change vs.
Temperature
12
2x
1.5x Mode
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W)
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.33x, 2x Mode
0.9
0.8
0.7
−40
40
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.3
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz)
3
0
−40
2.5
LED CURRENT VARIATION (%)
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
4
0
40
80
10
8
6
4
2
0
120
1.33x
1.5x
1x
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 8. Switching Frequency vs.
Temperature
Figure 9. Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage
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CAT3649
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
100
100
90
90
1x
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
(VIN = 3.6 V, PWM = VIN, IOUT = 120 mA (6 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, CPWM = 47 nF,
TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.)
1.5x
70
1.33x
60
2x
50
40
4.0
3.5
70
1.33x
60
3.0
2.5
40
2.0
1.5x
VF = 3.30 V, ILED = 20 mA
VF = 3.05 V, ILED = 10 mA
50
VF = 3.30 V, ILED = 20 mA
VF = 3.05 V, ILED = 10 mA
4.5
1x
80
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 10. Efficiency vs. Input Voltage
Figure 11. Efficiency vs. Li−Ion Voltage
Figure 12. Power Up in 1x Mode
Figure 13. Power Up in 1.33x Mode
Figure 14. Power Up in 1.5x Mode
Figure 15. Power Up in 2x Mode
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3.0
CAT3649
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 3.6 V, PWM = VIN, IOUT = 120 mA (6 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, CPWM = 47 nF,
TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.)
2.0
VOLTAGE (V)
1.6
1.2
VHI
0.8
VLO
0.4
0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 16. ADIM, PWM VHI VLO vs. VIN
Figure 17. Power Down Delay (1x Mode)
Figure 18. Operating Waveforms in 1x Mode
Figure 19. Switching Waveforms in 1.33x Mode
Figure 20. Switching Waveforms in 1.5x Mode
Figure 21. Switching Waveforms in 2x Mode
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CAT3649
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 3.6 V, PWM = VIN, IOUT = 120 mA (6 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, CPWM = 47 nF,
TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.)
4.0
30
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
20
20 mA
15
10
5
1x Mode
0.5
0
25 mA
25
LED CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.5
0
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
LED PIN VOLTAGE (mV)
Figure 22. Foldback Current Limit
Figure 23. LED Current vs. LED Pin Voltage
Figure 24. Dimming Waveform
Figure 25. 20 kHz PWM Dimming,
10% Duty Cycle
300
LED CURRENT (mA)
10
200 kHz
1
100 kHz
0
50 kHz
1
10
100
DUTY CYCLE (%)
Figure 26. LED Current vs. PWM Duty Cycles
Figure 27. 1 kHz PWM Duty Cycle Increasing
10% to 50%
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CAT3649
Table 5. PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No
Name
Function
1
C1+
Bucket capacitor 1 Positive terminal
2
C1−
Bucket capacitor 1 Negative terminal
3
C2+
Bucket capacitor 2 Positive terminal
4
C2−
Bucket capacitor 2 Negative terminal
5
GND
Ground Reference
6
LED1
LED1 cathode terminal.
7
LED2
LED2 cathode terminal.
8
LED3
LED3 cathode terminal.
9
LED4
LED4 cathode terminal.
10
LED5
LED5 cathode terminal.
11
LED6
LED6 cathode terminal.
12
ADIM
Analog Dimming Control (Active high).
13
PWM
Pulse width modulation ‘PWM’ (Active high).
14
CPWM
Connect a capacitor for filtering the PWM signal.
15
VOUT
Charge pump output connected to the LED anodes.
16
VIN
Charge pump input, connect to battery or supply.
TAB
GND
Connect to GND on the PCB.
PIN FUNCTION
VOUT is the charge pump output that is connected to the
LED anodes. A small 1 mF ceramic bypass capacitor is
required between the VOUT pin and ground near the device.
GND is the ground reference for the charge pump. The pin
must be connected to the ground plane on the PCB.
C1+, C1− are connected to each side of the ceramic bucket
capacitor C1.
C2+, C2− are connected to each side of the ceramic bucket
capacitor C2.
LED1 to LED6 provide the internal regulated current
source for each of the LED cathodes. These pins enter
high−impedance zero current state whenever the device is
placed in shutdown mode.
TAB is the exposed pad underneath the package. For best
thermal performance, the tab should be soldered to the PCB
and connected to the ground plane.
CPWM is the pin for connecting an external capacitor used
to filter the PWM signal inside the CAT3649.
VIN is the supply pin for the charge pump. A small 1 mF
ceramic bypass capacitor is required between the VIN pin
and ground near the device. The operating input voltage
range is from 2.4 V to 5.5 V. Whenever the input supply falls
below the under−voltage threshold (1.8 V), all the LED
channels are disabled and the device enters shutdown mode.
ADIM is the one wire dimming input for all LED channels.
Levels of logic high and logic low are set at 1.3 V and 0.4 V
respectively. When ADIM first transitions from low to high,
each LED channel current is set to 25 mA. Each subsequent
pulse will decrement the current by about 3% from the full
scale.
PWM is the pulse width modulation input pin. When in
logic high condition, the LED current in all six channels
equals the programmed level set via ADIM. When PWM is
low, the LED current is set to 0 mA. This allows the average
LED current to be programmed by the PWM duty cycle. To
place the device into “zero current” shutdown mode, the
ADIM or PWM pin must be held low for 20 ms typical.
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CAT3649
Current Selection
Table 6. DIMMING LEVELS
After power−up and once enabled, the LED current is set
initially to the full scale of 25 mA. The number of pulses (n)
on the ADIM input decreases the current value as follows:
LED current [mA] + 25
ǒ3232* nǓ
LED Current (Typical) [mA]
Dimming Pulses [n]
25.0
0
24.2
1
23.4
2
22.6
3
21.8
4
21.0
5
20.2
6
19.4
7
18.6
8
(eq. 1)
The full scale current is calculated from the above formula
with n equal to zero.
The ADIM pin has two primary functions. One function
enables and disables the device. The other function is LED
current dimming with 32 different levels by pulsing the input
signal, as shown on Figure 28. On each consecutive pulse
rising edge, the LED current is decreased by about 3.1%
(1/32th of the full scale value). After 31 pulses, the LED
current is 3.1% of the full scale current (lowest level). On the
following pulse, the LED current goes back to full scale.
Each pulse width should be between 200 ns and 100 ms.
Pulses faster than the minimum TLO may be ignored and
filtered by the device. Pulses longer than the maximum TLO
may shutdown the device. By pulsing the ADIM signal at
high frequency, the LED current can quickly be set to zero.
The LED driver enters a “zero current” shutdown mode if
ADIM is held low for longer than 30 ms.
The dimming level is set by the number of pulses on the
ADIM after the power−up, as shown in Table 6.
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10
17.8
9
17.0
10
16.2
11
15.3
12
14.6
13
13.8
14
13.0
15
12.3
16
11.5
17
10.7
18
9.9
19
9.1
20
8.3
21
7.5
22
6.7
23
5.9
24
5.1
25
4.3
26
3.6
27
2.7
28
2.0
29
1.2
30
0.4
31
25
32
CAT3649
Figure 28. ADIM Dimming Timing Diagram (no CPWM, PWM high)
CPWM Filtering Capacitor
f PWM w 40
The PWM input signal controls the LED current
proportionally to its duty cycle. When the LED driver
operates in PWM dimming mode, the CPWM capacitor
minimizes the LED current ripple. This prevents audio noise
from the LED driver output capacitors as the PWM signal is
converted into a near DC current internally. The PWM input
is a logic input and the amplitude of the PWM signal does
not affect the LED current. An internal 4 mA current source
is charging the CPWM capacitor when the PWM input is high
until it reaches a maximum voltage; see Figure 29 block
diagram. The internal resistor R (150 kW) and external
capacitor CPWM act as a low pass filter with a cut−off
frequency fC = 1/2π R CPWM.
To minimize the ripple current, we recommend the PWM
frequency fPWM to be at least 40 times greater than the
cut−off frequency fC:
C PWM w
f C or
(eq. 2)
40
(2p R f PWM)
(eq. 3)
For example for fPWM = 1 kHz, the capacitor value is:
C PWM w
(2p
150
40
10 3
10 3)
+ 42 nF
(eq. 4)
We recommend a 47 nF capacitor CPWM compatible for
any PWM frequency between 1 kHz and 200 kHz. For PWM
frequency below 1 kHz, the above formula will provide the
recommended capacitor value.
The CPWM capacitor affects the power−up time which is
the time to reach the nominal LED current. The power−up
time (tPU) is proportional to the CPWM capacitor value and
can be calculated as follows.
t PU ^ C PWM
3
10 5
(eq. 5)
For example, for CPWM = 47 nF, tPU is about 15 ms.
4 mA
N1
PWM
G1
VC
Buffer
R
150 kW
Voltage−
controlled
current
source
CPWM
I = LED
current
reference
I = g x VC
(for LED at
max current,
g = 0.045)
GND
47 nF
Figure 29. PWM Circuit Block Diagram
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CAT3649
Unused LED Channels
SHORT LED Detection
For applications with five LEDs or less, it is required to tie
the unused LED pin(s) directly to VOUT (see Figure 30).
If the LED forward voltage (VF = VOUT – LED pin
voltage) is less than 1 V, the channel is disabled and removed
from signaling charge pump mode changes. A 5 mA (typical)
test current is placed in the (shorted) channel. In case the
LED short goes away and VF is higher than 1 V, the channel
resumes normal operation.
1 mF
2.4 V
to
5.5 V
VIN CIN
1 mF
CPWM
1 mF
C1+ C1− C2+ C2−
VOUT
VIN
CAT3649
LED1
LED2
ADIM
LED3
PWM
LED4
CPWM
LED5
GND LED6
COUT
Thermal Protection
If the die temperature exceeds +150°C, the driver will
enter a thermal protection shutdown mode. When the device
temperature drops by about 20°C, the device will resume
normal operation.
1 mF
LED Selection
LEDs with forward voltages (VF) ranging from 1.3 V to
3.8 V may be used. Selecting LEDs with lower VF is
recommended in order to keep the driver in 1x mode longer
as the battery voltage decreases. For example, if a white
LED with a 3.3 V VF is selected over one with 3.5 V VF, the
driver will stay in 1x mode for lower supply voltage of 0.2 V.
This extends battery life.
47 nF
Figure 30. Application with 5 LEDs
Protection Modes
As soon as the output voltage (VOUT) exceeds about 6 V,
the driver resets itself and re−evaluates the mode.
The driver supports automatic LED detection for both
Open LED and Short LED conditions. This feature disables
any unused channels (by connecting the LED pins to
VOUT) or during an LED Short condition. The LED
detection is always active, during power−up and in normal
operation.
External Components
The driver requires four external 1 mF ceramic capacitors
for decoupling input, output, and for the charge pump. Both
capacitors type X5R and X7R are recommended for the
LED driver application. In all charge pump modes, the input
current ripple is kept very low by design and an input bypass
capacitor of 1 mF is sufficient.
In 1x mode, the device operates in linear mode and does
not introduce switching noise back onto the supply.
OPEN LED Detection
When an LED channel becomes open−circuit, the device
will go into charge pump mode and drive the output (VOUT)
above 4.5 V. If that channel is still not working at VOUT
greater than 4.5 V, the channel is locked out from signaling
a charge pump mode change and the device returns to
normal operation like a 5−channel device. If an Open LED
condition is removed, the device will resume normal
operation.
Recommended Layout
In charge pump mode, the driver switches internally at a
high frequency. It is recommended to minimize trace length
to all four capacitors. A ground plane should cover the area
under the driver IC as well as the bypass capacitors. Short
connection to ground on capacitors CIN and COUT can be
implemented with the use of multiple via. A copper area
matching the TQFN exposed pad (TAB) must be connected
to the ground plane underneath. The use of multiple via
improves the package heat dissipation.
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CAT3649
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TQFN16, 3x3
CASE 510AD
ISSUE A
A
D
e
b
L
E2
E
PIN#1 ID
PIN#1 INDEX AREA
A1
TOP VIEW
SYMBOL
MIN
SIDE VIEW
NOM
A
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.20 REF
b
0.18
0.25
0.30
D
2.90
3.00
3.10
D2
1.40
−−−
1.80
E
2.90
3.00
3.10
E2
1.40
−−−
1.80
e
L
BOTTOM VIEW
MAX
A1
A3
D2
A
A3
A1
FRONT VIEW
0.50 BSC
0.30
0.40
0.50
Notes:
(1) All dimensions are in millimeters.
(2) Complies with JEDEC MO-220.
4. All packages are RoHS−compliant (Lead−free, Halogen−free).
5. The standard lead finish is NiPdAu.
6. For additional package and temperature options, please contact your nearest ON Semiconductor Sales office.
ON Semiconductor and the
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or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets
and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each
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