INTERSIL ISL62881CIRTZ

ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Features
The ISL62881C provides a complete solution for
microprocessor and graphic processor core power supply
with it’s integrated gate drive. Based on Intersil’s Robust
Ripple regulator (R3™) technology, the PWM modulator
compared to traditional modulators, has faster transient
settling time, variable switching frequency during load
transients and has improved light load efficiency with its
ability to automatically change switching frequency.
• Precision Core Voltage Regulation
- 0.5% System Accuracy Over-Temperature
- Enhanced Load Line Accuracy
Fully compliant with IMVP6.5™, the ISL62881C is easily
configurable as a CPU or graphics VCORE controllers by
offering: responds to DPRSLPVR signals by
entering/exiting diode emulations mode; reports
regulator output current via the IMON pin; senses
current by using a discrete resistor or the inductor;
over-temperature thermal compensation of DCR, using a
single NTC thermistor; differential sensing to accurately
monitor and adjust processor die voltage; minimizes
body diode conduction loss in diode emulation mode with
it’s adaptive body diode conduction time.
• Differential Remote Voltage Sensing
Need to aggressively reduce the output capacitor? The
overshoot reduction function is user-selectable and can
be disabled for those concerned about increased system
thermal stress.
• Notebook Core Voltage Regulator
Maintaining all the ISL62881C functions, the ISL62881D
offers VR_TT# function for thermal throttling control. It
also offers the split LGATE function to further improve
light load efficiency.
• Supports Multiple Current Sensing Methods
- Lossless Inductor DCR Current Sensing
- Precision Resistor Current Sensing
• Current Monitor
• Integrated Gate Driver
• Split LGATE Driver to Increase Light-Load Efficiency
(For ISL62881D)
• Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time Reduction
• User-selectable Overshoot Reduction Function
• Small Footprint 28 Ld 4x4 or 32 Ld 5x5 TQFN
Package
Applications
• Notebook GPU Voltage Regulator
Related Literature
• See AN1552 for Evaluation Board Application Note
“ISL62881CCPUEVAL2Z User Guide”
• See AN1553 for Evaluation Board Application Note
“ISL62881CGPUEVAL2Z User Guide”
Load Line Regulation
0.91
VIN = 19V
0.90
0.89
VOUT (V)
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.83
VIN = 12V
0.82
VIN = 8V
0.81
0.80
0
March 8, 2010
FN7596.0
1
2
4
6
8
10 12 14
IOUT (A)
16
18
20
22
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2010. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Single-Phase PWM Regulator for IMVP-6.5™ Mobile
CPUs and GPUs
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PART MARKING
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
(Pb-Free)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL62881CHRTZ
62881C HRTZ
-10 to +100
28 Ld 4x4 TQFN
L28.4x4
ISL62881CIRTZ
62881C IRTZ
-40 to +100
28 Ld 4x4 TQFN
L28.4x4
ISL62881DHRTZ
62881D HRTZ
-10 to +100
32 Ld 5x5 TQFN
L32.5x5E
NOTES:
1. Add “-T” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach
materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both
SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that
meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL62881C, ISL62881D. For more information on
MSL please see techbrief TB363.
Pin Configurations
21 VID1
PGOOD 2
20 VID0
RBIAS 3
19 VCCP
4
FB
18 LGATE
GND PAD
(BOTTOM)
COMP 5
VID2
VID4
VID3
VID5
VID6
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
CLK_EN# 1
VW
DPRSLPVR
CLK_EN#
VID2
VID3
VID5
VID4
VID6
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
28 27 26 25 24 23 22
VR_ON
ISL62881D
(32 LD TQFN)
TOP VIEW
ISL62881C
(28 LD TQFN)
TOP VIEW
17 VSSP
PGOOD 1
24 VID1
RBIAS 2
23 VID0
VR_TT# 3
22 VCCP
NTC 4
21 LGATEb
GND PAD
(BOTTOM)
GND 5
20 LGATEa
VW 6
VSEN 7
15 UGATE
COMP 7
18 PHASE
FB 8
17 UGATE
BOOT
19 VSSP
BOOT
IMON
VIN
VDD
ISUM+
ISUM-
RTN
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
VSEN
IMON
VIN
10 11 12 13 14
VDD
9
ISUM+
8
RTN
16 PHASE
ISUM-
6
Pin Function Description
ISL62881C ISL62881D
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
1
32
CLK_EN#
Open drain output to enable system PLL clock. It goes low 13 switching cycles after
VCORE is within 10% of VBOOT.
2
1
PGOOD
Power-Good open-drain output indicating when the regulator is able to supply
regulated voltage. Pull up externally with a 680Ω resistor to VCCP or 1.9kΩ to 3.3V.
3
2
RBIAS
A resistor to GND sets internal current reference. A 147kΩ resistor sets the controller
for CPU core application and a 47kΩ resistor sets the controller for GPU core
application.
-
3
VR_TT#
Thermal overload output indicator.
-
4
NTC
Thermistor input to VR_TT# circuit.
-
5
GND
Signal common of the IC. Unless otherwise stated, signals are referenced to the GND
pin.
2
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Pin Function Description (Continued)
ISL62881C ISL62881D
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
4
6
VW
5
7
COMP
6
8
FB
7
9
VSEN
8
10
RTN
9, 10
11, 12
ISUM- and
ISUM+
11
13
VDD
5V bias power.
12
14
VIN
Power stage supply voltage, used for feed-forward.
13
15
IMON
An analog output. IMON outputs a current proportional to the regulator output
current.
14
16
BOOT
Connect an MLCC capacitor across the BOOT and the PHASE pin. The boot capacitor
is charged through an internal boot diode connected from the VCCP pin to the BOOT
pin, each time the PHASE pin drops below VCCP minus the voltage dropped across the
internal boot diode.
15
17
UGATE
Output of the high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the UGATE pin to the gate of the
high-side MOSFET.
16
18
PHASE
Current return path for the high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the PHASE pin to
the node consisting of the high-side MOSFET source, the low-side MOSFET drain, and
the output inductor.
17
19
VSSP
Current return path for the low-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the VSSP pin to the
source of the low-side MOSFET through a low impedance path, preferably in parallel
with the traces connecting the LGATE pins to the gates of the low-side MOSFET.
18
-
LGATE
Output of the low-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the LGATE1 pin to the gate of the
Phase-1 low-side MOSFET.
-
20
LGATEa
Output of the low-side MOSFET gate driver that is always active. Connect the LGATEa
pin to the gate of the low-side MOSFET that is active all the time.
-
21
LGATEb
Another output of the low-side MOSFET gate driver. This gate driver will be pulled low
when the DPRSLPVR pin logic is high. Connect the LGATEb pin to the gate of the
low-side MOSFET that is idle in deeper sleep mode.
19
22
VCCP
20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25,
26
23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28
29
27
30
VR_ON
28
31
DPRSLPVR
pad
A resistor from this pin to COMP programs the switching frequency (8kΩ gives
approximately 300kHz).
This pin is the output of the error amplifier. Also, a resistor across this pin and GND
adjusts the overcurrent threshold.
This pin is the inverting input of the error amplifier.
Remote core voltage sense input. Connect to microprocessor die.
Remote voltage sensing return. Connect to ground at microprocessor die.
Droop current sense input.
Input voltage bias for the internal gate drivers. Connect +5V to the VCCP pin.
Decouple with at least 1µF of an MLCC capacitor to the VSSP pin.
VID input with VID0 = LSB and VID6 = MSB.
VID0,
VID1,
VID2,
VID3,
VID4,
VID5, VID6
BOTTOM
3
Voltage regulator enable input. A high level logic signal on this pin enables the
regulator.
Deeper sleep enable signal. A high level logic signal on this pin indicates that the
microprocessor is in deeper sleep mode.
The bottom pad is electrically connected to the GND pin inside the IC. It should also
be used as the thermal pad for heat removal.
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Block Diagram
VIN VSEN
VR_ON
PGOOD
AND
CLK_EN#
LOGIC
MODE
CONTROL
DPRSLPVR
RBIAS
PROTECTION
6µA 54µA 1.20V
NTC
FLT
ISL62881D
ONLY
VID1
VID3
VR_TT#
1.24V
VID0
VID2
VDD
PGOOD CLK_EN#
WOC OC
VIN
DAC
AND
SOFT
START
CLOCK
VDAC
COMP
VID4
VW
VID5
Σ
RTN
E/A
FB
VIN
COMP
VW
MODULATOR
Idroop
WOC
Imon
IMON
2.5
X
ISUM+
CURRENT
SENSE
ISUM-
VDAC
DRIVER
UGATE
PHASE
SHOOT
THROUGH
PROTECTION
VCCP
DRIVER
LGATEA
COMP
CURRENT
60µA
COMPARATORS
OC
Σ
4
PWM CONTROL LOGIC
BOOT
VID6
VSSP
ISL62881C ONLY
DRIVER
ADJ. OCP
THRESHOLD
LGATEB
COMP
ISL62881D
ONLY
GND
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Table of Contents
Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Key Component Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Load Line Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Pin Function Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . .
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
6
6
6
Gate Driver Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
RBIAS ...........................................................
Inductor DCR Current-Sensing Network ............
Resistor Current-Sensing Network ..................
Overcurrent Protection ...................................
Load Line Slope.............................................
Current Monitor.............................................
Compensator ................................................
Optional Slew Rate Compensation Circuit
for 1-Tick VID Transition ...............................
Voltage Regulator Thermal Throttling ...............
Simplified Application Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Multiphase R3™ Modulator .............................. 12
Diode Emulation and Period Stretching.............. 13
Start-up Timing ............................................. 13
Voltage Regulation and Load Line
Implementation ........................................... 14
Differential Sensing ........................................ 16
CCM Switching Frequency ............................... 16
Modes of Operation ........................................16
Dynamic Operation......................................... 16
Protections .................................................... 17
Current Monitor ............................................. 17
Adaptive Body Diode Conduction
Time Reduction ............................................ 18
Overshoot Reduction Function.......................... 18
5
18
18
20
21
21
21
22
24
24
Layout Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
CPU Application Reference Design
Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
GPU Application Reference Design
Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Typical Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Package Outline Drawing
L28.4x4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Package Outline Drawing
L32.5x5E .
............................
37
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage, VDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to +7V
Battery Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +28V
Boot Voltage (BOOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +33V
Boot to Phase Voltage (BOOT-PHASE) . . . . -0.3V to +7V(DC)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +9V(<10ns)
Phase Voltage (PHASE) . . . . . -7V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ)
UGATE Voltage (UGATE) . . . . . . . PHASE-0.3V (DC) to BOOT
. . . . . . . . . PHASE-5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) to BOOT
LGATE Voltage (LGATE) . . . . . . . . -0.3V (DC) to VDD + 0.3V
. . . . . . . . . -2.5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 5µJ) to VDD + 0.3V
All Other Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Open Drain Outputs, PGOOD, VR_TT#, CLK_EN#
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to +7V
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114E) . . . . . 2kV
Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115-A) . . . . . . . 200V
Latch Up (Tested per JESD-78B; Class 2, Level A) . . . 100mA
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Notes 4, 5)θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W)
28 Ld TQFN Package. . . . . . . . . . .
42
5
32 Ld TQFN Package. . . . . . . . . . .
34
5
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . -65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
Recommended Operating Conditions
Supply Voltage, VDD . . . . . . . . . . . .
Battery Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambient Temperature
ISL62881CHRTZ, ISL62881DHRTZ .
ISL62881CIRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Junction Temperature
ISL62881CHRTZ, ISL62881DHRTZ .
ISL62881CIRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . +5V ±5%
. . . . . . . +4.5V to 25V
. . . . -10°C to +100°C
. . . . -40°C to +100°C
. . . . -10°C to +125°C
. . . . -40°C to +125°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact
product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach”
features. See Tech Brief TB379.
5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise
noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to
+100°C.
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
(Note 7) TYP (Note 7) UNITS
INPUT POWER SUPPLY
+5V Supply Current
IVDD
Battery Supply Current
IVIN
VIN Input Resistance
RVIN
VR_ON = 1V
900
Power-On-Reset Threshold
PORr
VDD rising
4.35
PORf
VDD falling
VR_ON = 1V
3.2
4.0
mA
VR_ON = 0V
1
µA
VR_ON = 0V
1
µA
4.00
kΩ
4.5
V
4.15
V
SYSTEM AND REFERENCES
System Accuracy
No load; closed loop, active mode range
HRTZ
%Error (VCC_CORE) VID = 0.75V to 1.50V,
+0.5
%
VID = 0.5V to 0.7375V
-8
+8
mV
VID = 0.3V to 0.4875V
-15
+15
mV
-0.8
+0.8
%
VID = 0.5V to 0.7375V
-10
+10
mV
VID = 0.3V to 0.4875V
-18
+18
mV
IRTZ
No load; closed loop, active mode range
%Error (VCC_CORE) VID = 0.75V to 1.50V
VBOOT
-0.5
HRTZ
1.0945
1.100
1.1055
V
IRTZ
1.0912
1.100
1.1088
V
Maximum Output Voltage
VCC_CORE(max)
VID = [0000000]
1.500
V
Minimum Output Voltage
(Note 6)
VCC_CORE(min)
VID = [1111111]
0
V
RBIAS Voltage
RBIAS = 147kΩ
6
1.45
1.47
1.49
V
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise
noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to
+100°C. (Continued)
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
(Note 7) TYP (Note 7) UNITS
CHANNEL FREQUENCY
Nominal Channel Frequency
fSW(nom)
RFSET = 7kΩ, VCOMP = 1V
Adjustment Range
295
310
325
kHz
200
500
kHz
-0.15
+0.15
mV
AMPLIFIERS
IFB = 0A
Current-Sense Amplifier
Input Offset
Error Amp DC Gain (Note 6)
Av0
Error Amp Gain-Bandwidth
Product (Note 6)
GBW
CL = 20pF
90
dB
18
MHz
POWER GOOD AND PROTECTION MONITORS
PGOOD Low Voltage
VOL
IPGOOD = 4mA
PGOOD Leakage Current
IOH
PGOOD = 3.3V
PGOOD Delay
tpgd
CLK_ENABLE# LOW to PGOOD HIGH
0.26
0.4
V
1
µA
7.6
8.9
ms
1.0
1.5
Ω
-1
6.3
UGATE DRIVER
UGATE Pull-Up Resistance
(Note 6)
RUGPU
200mA Source Current
UGATE Source Current
(Note 6)
IUGSRC
BOOT - UGATE = 2.5V
UGATE Sink Resistance
(Note 6)
RUGPD
250mA Sink Current
UGATE Sink Current (Note 6)
IUGSNK
UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V
LGATE Pull-Up Resistance
(Note 6)
RLGPU
250mA Source Current
LGATE Source Current
(Note 6)
ILGSRC
VCCP - LGATE = 2.5V
LGATE Sink Resistance
(Note 6)
RLGPD
250mA Sink Current
LGATE Sink Current (Note 6)
ILGSNK
LGATE - VSSP = 2.5V
4.0
A
UGATE to LGATE Deadtime
tUGFLGR
UGATE falling to LGATE rising, no load
23
ns
LGATE to UGATE Deadtime
tLGFUGR
LGATE falling to UGATE rising, no load
28
ns
2.0
1.0
A
1.5
2.0
Ω
A
LGATE DRIVER (ISL62881C)
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.5
Ω
A
0.9
Ω
LGATE DRIVERS (ISL62881D)
LGATEa and b Pull-Up
Resistance (Note 6)
RLGPU
250mA Source Current
LGATEa and b Source
Current (Note 6)
ILGSRC
VCCP - LGATEa and b = 2.5V
LGATEa and b Sink
Resistance (Note 6)
RLGPD
250mA Sink Current
LGATEa and b Sink Current
(Note 6)
ILGSNK
LGATEa and b - VSSP = 2.5V
UGATE to LGATEa and b
Deadtime
tUGFLGR
LGATEa and b to UGATE
Deadtime
tLGFUGR
7
2.0
3
1.0
1
Ω
A
1.8
Ω
2.0
A
UGATE falling to LGATEa and b rising, no
load
23
ns
LGATEa and b falling to UGATE rising, no
load
28
ns
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise
noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to
+100°C. (Continued)
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
(Note 7) TYP (Note 7) UNITS
BOOTSTRAP DIODE
Forward Voltage
VF
Reverse Leakage
IR
PVCC = 5V, IF = 2mA
VR = 25V
0.58
V
0.2
µA
PROTECTION
Overvoltage Threshold
OVH
Severe Overvoltage
Threshold
OVHS
OC Threshold Offset
Undervoltage Threshold
UVf
VSEN rising above setpoint for >1ms
150
200
240
mV
1.525
1.55
1.575
V
ISUM- pin current, RCOMP open circuit
28
30
32
µA
VSEN falling below setpoint for >1.2ms
-355
-295
-235
mV
VSEN rising for >2µs
LOGIC THRESHOLDS
0.3
VR_ON Input Low
VIL(1.0V)
VR_ON Input High
VIH(1.0V)
ISL62881CHRTZ
0.7
VIH(1.0V)
ISL62881CIRTZ
0.75
VID0-VID6 and DPRSLPVR
Input Low
VIL(1.0V)
VID0-VID6 and DPRSLPVR
Input High
VIH(1.0V)
V
V
V
0.3
V
0.7
V
THERMAL MONITOR (ISL62881D)
NTC Source Current
NTC = 1.3V
Over-Temperature
Threshold
V (NTC) falling
VR_TT# Low Output
Resistance
RTT
I = 20mA
CLK_EN# Low Output
Voltage
VOL
I = 4mA
CLK_EN# Leakage Current
IOH
CLK_EN# = 3.3V
53
60
67
µA
1.18
1.2
1.22
V
6.5
9
Ω
0.26
0.4
V
1
µA
µA
CLK_EN# OUTPUT LEVELS
-1
CURRENT MONITOR
IMON Output Current
IIMON
ISUM- pin current = 20µA
108
120
132
ISUM- pin current = 10µA
54
60
66
ISUM- pin current = 5µA
IMON Clamp Voltage
25.5
VIMONCLAMP
Current Sinking Capability
30
34.5
1.1
1.15
275
V
µA
INPUTS
VR_ON Leakage Current
IVR_ON
VR_ON = 0V
-1
VR_ON = 1V
VIDx Leakage Current
IVIDx
VIDx = 0V
0
-1
VIDx = 1V
DPRSLPVR Leakage Current
IDPRSLPVR
DPRSLPVR = 0V
0
-1
µA
1
µA
1
µA
6.5
mV/µs
0
0.45
DPRSLPVR = 1V
µA
1
µA
0
0.45
µA
SLEW RATE
Slew Rate (For VID Change)
SR
5
NOTES:
6. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
7. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established
by characterization and are not production tested.
8
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Gate Driver Timing Diagram
PWM
tLGFUGR
tFU
tRU
1V
UGATE
1V
LGATE
tFL
tRL
tUGFLGR
Simplified Application Circuits
V+5
R B IA S
V+5
V IN
VDD VCCP
V IN
R B IA S
PGOOD
C LK _ E N #
V ID < 0:6 >
D P R S LP V R
V R _O N
PGOOD
C LK _ E N #
V ID S
D P R S LP V R
V R _O N
VW
ISL 6 2 8 8 1C
BOOT
RFSET
V IN
UGATE
L
PHASE
COM P
FB
LG A TE
V SS P
VO
R SUM
R DROOP
V SE N
IS U M +
RN
V C C S EN S E
V S S S EN S E
R TN
R IM O N
IM O N
CN
°C
RI
IM O N
IS U M (B O TT O M P A D )
VSS
FIGURE 1. ISL62881C TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT USING DCR SENSING
9
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Simplified Application Circuits (Continued)
V+5
V+5
VIN
VDD VCCP VIN
R BIAS
RBIAS
PGOOD
CLK_EN#
VID<0:6>
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
PGOOD
CLK_EN#
VIDS
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
VW
ISL62881C
RFSET
BOOT
VIN
UGATE
L
RSEN
PHASE
COMP
FB
VO
LGATE
VSSP
R DROOP
VSEN
R SUM
ISUM+
VCC SENSE
VSS SENSE
CN
RTN
R IMON
RI
IMON
ISUM(BOTTOM PAD)
VSS
IMON
FIGURE 2. ISL62881C TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT USING RESISTOR SENSING
V+5
R B IA S
V+5
V IN
V DD V CCP
R B IA S
V IN
NTC
OC
V R _T T #
PGOOD
CLK_EN#
V ID < 0 :6 >
D P R S LP V R
VR_ON
VR_TT#
PGOOD
C LK _ E N #
V ID S
D P R S LP V R
VR_ON
VW
IS L 6 2 8 8 1 D
V IN
BOOT
RFSET
U G A TE
COM P
FB
L
PHASE
LG A TE B
LG A T E A
VSSP
VO
RSUM
R DROOP
VSEN
ISU M +
V C C S EN S E
V S S S EN S E
CN
RTN
R IM O N
IM O N
OC
RN
RI
IM O N
IS U M GND
FIGURE 3. ISL62881D TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT USING DCR SENSING
10
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Simplified Application Circuits (Continued)
V+5
R BIAS
V+5
V IN
V DD VCCP
R BIAS
V IN
NTC
OC
VR_TT#
PGOOD
CLK_EN#
VID<0:6>
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
VR_TT#
PGOOD
CLK_EN#
VIDS
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
VW
ISL62881D
V IN
BOOT
RFSET
UGATE
COMP
FB
L
RSEN
PHASE
LGATEB
LGATEA
VSSP
VO
R DROOP
VSEN
RSUM
ISUM+
VCCSENSE
VSS SENSE
CN
RTN
R IMON
IMON
RI
ISUM-
IMON
VSS
FIGURE 4. ISL62881D TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT USING RESISTOR SENSING
11
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Theory of Operation
The ISL62881C is a single-phase regulator implementing
Intel® IMVP-6.5™ protocol. It uses Intersil patented
R3™(Robust Ripple Regulator™) modulator. The R3™
modulator combines the best features of fixed frequency
PWM and hysteretic PWM while eliminating many of their
shortcomings. Figure 5 conceptually shows the
ISL62881C R3™ modulator circuit, and Figure 6 shows
the operation principles.
Multiphase R3™ Modulator
MASTER CLOCK CIRCUIT
VW
MASTER
CLOCK
COMP
VCRM
CLOCK
CRM
GMVO
SLAVE CIRCUIT
VW
CLOCK
VCRS
S PWM
Q
R
PHASE
L
IL
VO
CO
GM
CRS
FIGURE 5. R3™ MODULATOR CIRCUIT
VW
H Y S T E R E T IC
W IN D O W
VCRM
COM P
C LO C K
PW M
VW
VCRS
FIGURE 6. R3™ MODULATOR OPERATION PRINCIPLES
IN STEADY STATE
A current source flows from the VW pin to the COMP pin,
creating a voltage window set by the resistor between
between the two pins. This voltage window is called VW
window in the following discussion.
Inside the IC, the modulator uses the master clock circuit
to generate the clocks for the slave circuit. The
modulator discharges the ripple capacitor Crm with a
current source equal to gmVo, where gm is a gain factor.
Crm voltage Vcrm is a sawtooth waveform traversing
between the VW and COMP voltages. It resets to VW
when it hits COMP, and generates a one-shot clock
signal.
The slave circuit has its own ripple capacitor Crs, whose
voltage mimics the inductor ripple current. A gm
amplifier converts the inductor voltage into a current
source to charge and discharge Crs. The slave circuit
turns on its PWM pulse upon receiving the clock signal,
and the current source charges Crs. When Crs voltage
VCrs hits VW, the slave circuit turns off the PWM pulse,
and the current source discharges Crs.
Since the ISL62881C works with Vcrs, which is largeamplitude and noise-free synthesized signal, the
ISL62881C achieves lower phase jitter than conventional
hysteretic mode and fixed PWM mode controllers. Unlike
conventional hysteretic mode converters, the ISL62881C
has an error amplifier that allows the controller to
maintain a 0.5% output voltage accuracy.
Figure 7 shows the operation principles during load
insertion response. The COMP voltage rises during load
insertion, generating the clock signal more quickly, so the
PWM pulse turns on earlier, increasing the effective
switching frequency, which allows for higher control loop
bandwidth than conventional fixed frequency PWM
controllers. The VW voltage rises as the COMP voltage
rises, making the PWM pulse wider. During load release
response, the COMP voltage falls. It takes the master
clock circuit longer to generate the next clock signal so
the PWM pulse is held off until needed. The VW voltage
falls as the VW voltage falls, reducing the current PWM
pulse width. This kind of behavior gives the ISL62881C
excellent response speed.
VW
COMP
VCRM
CLOCK
PWM
VW
VCRS
FIGURE 7. R3™ MODULATOR OPERATION PRINCIPLES
IN LOAD INSERTION RESPONSE
12
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Diode Emulation and Period Stretching
VDD
5mV/µs
VR_ON
2.5mV/µs
90%VBOOT
800µs
PHASE
UGATE
VID
COMMAND
VOLTAGE
DAC
13 SWITCHING CYCLES
LGATE
CLK_EN#
~7ms
PGOOD
IL
FIGURE 8. DIODE EMULATION
ISL62881C can operate in diode emulation (DE) mode to
improve light load efficiency. In DE mode, the low-side
MOSFET conducts when the current is flowing from
source to drain and doesn’t not allow reverse current,
emulating a diode. As shown in Figure 8, when LGATE is
on, the low-side MOSFET carries current, creating
negative voltage on the phase node due to the voltage
drop across the ON-resistance. The ISL62881C monitors
the current through monitoring the phase node voltage.
It turns off LGATE when the phase node voltage reaches
zero to prevent the inductor current from reversing the
direction and creating unnecessary power loss.
If the load current is light enough, as Figure 9 shows, the
inductor current will reach and stay at zero before the
next phase node pulse, and the regulator is in
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). If the load
current is heavy enough, the inductor current will never
reach 0A, and the regulator is in CCM although the
controller is in DE mode.
CCM/DCM BOUNDARY
VW
VCRS
IL
VW
LIGHT DCM
VCRS
FIGURE 10. SOFT-START WAVEFORMS FOR CPU VR
APPLICATION
VDD
VR_ON
5mV/µs
90%
VID COMMAND VOLTAGE
120µs
DAC
13 SWITCHING CYCLES
CLK_EN#
PGOOD
~7ms
FIGURE 11. SOFT-START WAVEFORMS FOR GPU VR
APPLICATION
Figure 9 shows the operation principle in diode emulation
mode at light load. The load gets incrementally lighter in
the three cases from top to bottom. The PWM on-time is
determined by the VW window size, therefore is the
same, making the inductor current triangle the same in
the three cases. The ISL62881C clamps the ripple
capacitor voltage Vcrs in DE mode to make it mimic the
inductor current. It takes the COMP voltage longer to hit
Vcrs, naturally stretching the switching period. The
inductor current triangles move further apart from each
other such that the inductor current average value is
equal to the load current. The reduced switching
frequency helps increase light load efficiency.
Start-up Timing
IL
VW
DEEP DCM
VCRS
IL
FIGURE 9. PERIOD STRETCHING
13
With the controller's VDD voltage above the POR
threshold, the start-up sequence begins when VR_ON
exceeds the 3.3V logic high threshold.
Figure 10 shows the typical start-up timing when the
ISL62881C is configured for CPU VR application. The
ISL62881C uses digital soft-start to ramp up DAC to the
boot voltage of 1.1V at about 2.5mV/µs. Once the output
voltage is within 10% of the boot voltage for 13 PWM
cycles (43µs for frequency = 300kHz), CLK_EN# is
pulled low and DAC slews at 5mV/µs to the voltage set
by the VID pins. PGOOD is asserted high in
approximately 7ms. Similar results occur if VR_ON is tied
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
to VDD, with the soft-start sequence starting 120µs after
VDD crosses the POR threshold.
Figure 11 shows the typical start-up timing when the
ISL62881C is configured for GPU VR application. The
ISL62881C uses digital soft-start to ramp-up DAC to the
voltage set by the VID pins at 5mV/µs. Once the output
voltage is within 10% of the target voltage for 13 PWM
cycles (43µs for frequency = 300kHz), CLK_EN# is
pulled low. PGOOD is asserted high in approximately
7ms. Similar results occur if VR_ON is tied to VDD, with
the soft-start sequence starting 120µs after VDD crosses
the POR threshold.
Voltage Regulation and Load Line
Implementation
After the start sequence, the ISL62881C regulates the
output voltage to the value set by the VID inputs per
Table 1. The ISL62881C will control the no-load output
voltage to an accuracy of ±0.5% over the range of
0.75V to 1.5V. A differential amplifier allows voltage
sensing for precise voltage regulation at the
microprocessor die.
TABLE 1. VID TABLE
VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0
VO
(V)
TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued)
VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0
VO
(V)
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1.1875
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1.1750
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1.1625
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1.1500
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1.1375
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1.1250
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1.1125
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1.1000
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1.0875
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1.0750
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1.0625
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1.0500
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1.0375
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1.0250
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1.0125
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1.0000
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.9875
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5000
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.9750
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1.4875
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0.9625
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1.4750
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.9500
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1.4625
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0.9375
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1.4500
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.9250
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1.4375
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0.9125
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1.4250
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.9000
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1.4125
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.8875
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1.4000
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.8750
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1.3875
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.8625
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1.3750
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0.8500
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1.3625
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.8375
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1.3500
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.8250
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1.3375
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0.8125
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1.3250
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0.8000
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1.3125
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0.7875
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1.3000
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.7750
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1.2875
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.7625
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1.2750
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.7500
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1.2625
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.7375
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1.2500
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.7250
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1.2375
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.7125
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1.2250
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.7000
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1.2125
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.6875
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1.2000
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.6750
14
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued)
VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0
TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued)
VO
(V)
VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0
VO
(V)
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0.6625
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0.1625
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.6500
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.1500
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.6375
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0.1375
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.6250
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.1250
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0.6125
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0.1125
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.6000
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.1000
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.5875
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.0875
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0.5750
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.0750
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0.5625
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.0625
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0.5500
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0.0500
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0.5375
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.0375
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0.5250
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.0250
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0.5125
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0.0125
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.5000
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0.4875
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4750
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0.4625
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.0000
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0.4500
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.4375
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.0000
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0.4250
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0.4125
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0000
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.4000
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0.3875
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0.3750
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0.3625
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0.3500
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0.3375
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0.3250
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0.3125
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.3000
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.2875
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0.2750
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0.2625
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.2500
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0.2375
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0.2250
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0.2125
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.2000
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.1875
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.1750
15
R DROOP
VCC SENSE
FB
VDROOP
VR LOCAL VO
“CATCH”
RESISTOR
IDROOP
COMP
E/A
Σ
VIDS
VDAC
DAC
RTN
INTERNAL TO IC
X1
VID<0:6>
VSSSENSE
VSS
“CATCH”
RESISTOR
FIGURE 12. DIFFERENTIAL SENSING AND LOAD LINE
IMPLEMENTATION
As the load current increases from zero, the output
voltage will droop from the VID table value by an amount
proportional to the load current to achieve the load line.
The ISL62881C can sense the inductor current through
the intrinsic DC Resistance (DCR) resistance of the
inductors as shown in Figure 1 on page 9 or through
resistors in series with the inductors as shown in Figure 2
on page 10. In both methods, capacitor Cn voltage
represents the inductor total currents. A droop amplifier
converts Cn voltage into an internal current source with
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
the gain set by resistor Ri. The current source is used for
load line implementation, current monitor and
overcurrent protection.
Figure 12 shows the load line implementation. The
ISL62881C drives a current source Idroop out of the FB
pin, described by Equation 1.
2xV Cn
I droop = -----------------Ri
(EQ. 1)
When using inductor DCR current sensing, a single NTC
element is used to compensate the positive temperature
coefficient of the copper winding thus sustaining the load
line accuracy with reduced cost.
Idroop flows through resistor Rdroop and creates a
voltage drop as shown in Equation 2.
V droop = R droop × I droop
(EQ. 2)
Differential Sensing
Figure 12 also shows the differential voltage sensing
scheme. VCCSENSE and VSSSENSE are the remote
voltage sensing signals from the processor die. A unity
gain differential amplifier senses the VSSSENSE voltage
and adds it to the DAC output. The error amplifier
regulates the inverting and the non-inverting input
voltages to be equal, therefore:
droop
= V DAC + VSS SENSE
(EQ. 3)
Rewriting Equation 3 and substituting Equation 2 gives:
VCC SENSE – VSS SENSE = V DAC – R droop × I droop
(EQ. 4)
Equation 4 is the exact equation required for load line
implementation.
The VCCSENSE and VSSSENSE signals come from the
processor die. The feedback will be open circuit in the
absence of the processor. As shown in Figure 12, it is
recommended to add a “catch” resistor to feed the VR
local output voltage back to the compensator, and add
another “catch” resistor to connect the VR local output
ground to the RTN pin. These resistors, typically
10Ω~100Ω, will provide voltage feedback if the system is
powered up without a processor installed.
CCM Switching Frequency
The RFSET resistor between the COMP and the VW pins
sets the VW windows size, which therefore sets the
switching frequency. When the ISL62881C is in
continuous conduction mode (CCM), the switching
frequency is not absolutely constant due to the nature of
the R3™ modulator. As explained in “Multiphase R3™
Modulator” on page 12, the effective switching frequency
16
R FSET ( kΩ ) = ( Period ( μs ) – 0.29 ) × 2.65
(EQ. 5)
Modes of Operation
TABLE 2. ISL62881C MODES OF OPERATION
Vdroop is the droop voltage required to implement load
line. Changing Rdroop or scaling Idroop can both change
the load line slope. Since Idroop also sets the overcurrent
protection level, it is recommended to first scale Idroop
based on OCP requirement, then select an appropriate
Rdroop value to obtain the desired load line slope.
VCC SENSE + V
will increase during load insertion and will decrease
during load release to achieve fast response. On the
other hand, the switching frequency is relatively constant
at steady state. Variation is expected when the power
stage condition, such as input voltage, output voltage,
load, etc. changes. The variation is usually less than 15%
and doesn’t have any significant effect on output voltage
ripple magnitude. Equation 5 gives an estimate of the
frequency-setting resistor Rfset value. 8kΩ RFSET gives
approximately 300kHz switching frequency. Lower
resistance gives higher switching frequency.
CONFIGURATION DPRSLPVR
CPU VR Application
GPU VR Application
OPERATIONAL VOLTAGE
MODE
SLEW RATE
0
1-phase CCM
5mV/µs
1
1-phase DE
0
1-phase CCM
5mV/µs
1
1-phase DE
10mV/µs
Table 2 shows the ISL62881C operational modes,
programmed by the logic status of the DPRSLPVR pin.
The ISL62881C enters 1-phase DE mode when there is
DPRSLPVR = 1.
When the ISL62881C is configured for GPU VR
application, DPRSLPVR logic status also controls the
output voltage slew rate. The slew rate is 5mV/µs for
DPRSLPVR = 0 and is 10mV/µs for DPRSLPVR = 1.
Dynamic Operation
When the ISL62881C is configured for CPU VR
application, it responds to VID changes by slewing to the
new voltage at 5mV/µs slew rate. As the output
approaches the VID command voltage, the dv/dt
moderates to prevent overshoot. Geyserville-III
transitions commands one LSB VID step (12.5mV) every
2.5µs, controlling the effective dv/dt at 5mv/µs. The
ISL62881C is capable of 5mV/µs slew rate.
When the ISL62881C is configured for GPU VR
application, it responds to VID changes by slewing to the
new voltage at a slew rate set by the logic status on the
DPRSLPVR pin. The slew rate is 5mV/µs when
DPRSLPVR = 0 and is 10mV/µs when DPRSLPVR = 1.
When the ISL62881C is in DE mode, it will actively drive
the output voltage up when the VID changes to a higher
value. It’ll resume DE mode operation after reaching the
new voltage level. If the load is light enough to warrant
DCM, it will enter DCM after the inductor current has
crossed zero for four consecutive cycles. The ISL62881C
will remain in DE mode when the VID changes to a lower
value. The output voltage will decay to the new value and
the load will determine the slew rate.
During load insertion response, the Fast Clock function
increases the PWM pulse response speed. The
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
ISL62881C monitors the VSEN pin voltage and compares
it to 100ns filtered version. When the unfiltered version is
20mV below the filtered version, the controller knows
there is a fast voltage dip due to load insertion, hence
issues an additional master clock signal to deliver a PWM
pulse immediately.
The R3™ modulator intrinsically has voltage feed
forward. The output voltage is insensitive to a fast slew
rate input voltage change.
Protections
The ISL62881C provides overcurrent, undervoltage,
and overvoltage protections.
The ISL62881C determines overcurrent protection
(OCP) by comparing the average value of the droop
current Idroop with an internal current source threshold.
It declares OCP when Idroop is above the threshold for
120µs. A resistor Rcomp from the COMP pin to GND
programs the OCP current source threshold, as well as
the overshoot reduction function (to be discussed in
later sections), as Table 3 shows. It is recommended to
use the nominal Rcomp value. The ISL62881C detects
the Rcomp value at the beginning of start-up, and sets
the internal OCP threshold accordingly. It remembers
the Rcomp value until the VR_ON signal drops below the
POR threshold.
TABLE 3. ISL62881C OCP THRESHOLD AND
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION
Rcomp
NOMINAL
(kΩ)
MAX
(kΩ)
OCP
THRESHOLD
(µA)
OVERSHOOT
REDUCTION
FUNCTION
none
none
60
Disabled
305
400
410
68
205
235
240
62
155
165
170
54
104
120
130
60
78
85
90
68
62
66
68
62
45
50
55
54
MIN
(kΩ)
referred to as PGOOD overvoltage protection. If the
output voltage exceeds the VID set value by +200mV for
1ms, the ISL62881C will declare a fault and de-assert
PGOOD.
The ISL62881C takes the same actions for all of the
above fault protections: de-assertion of PGOOD and
turn-off of the high-side and low-side power MOSFETs.
Any residual inductor current will decay through the
MOSFET body diodes. These fault conditions can be reset
by bringing VR_ON low or by bringing VDD below the
POR threshold. When VR_ON and VDD return to their
high operating levels, a soft-start will occur.
The second level of overvoltage protection is different. If
the output voltage exceeds 1.55V, the ISL62881C will
immediately declare an OV fault, de-assert PGOOD, and
turn on the low-side power MOSFETs. The low-side power
MOSFETs remain on until the output voltage is pulled
down below 0.85V when all power MOSFETs are turned
off. If the output voltage rises above 1.55V again, the
protection process is repeated. This behavior provides
the maximum amount of protection against shorted
high-side power MOSFETs while preventing output
ringing below ground. Resetting VR_ON cannot clear the
1.55V OVP. Only resetting VDD will clear it. The 1.55V
OVP is active all the time when the controller is enabled,
even if one of the other faults have been declared. This
ensures that the processor is protected against high-side
power MOSFET leakage while the MOSFETs are
commanded off.
Table 4 summarizes the fault protections.
TABLE 4. FAULT PROTECTION SUMMARY
FAULT TYPE
Enabled
The default OCP threshold is the value when Rcomp is
not populated. It is recommended to scale the droop
current Idroop such that the default OCP threshold gives
approximately the desired OCP level, then use Rcomp to
fine tune the OCP level if necessary.
FAULT
DURATION
BEFORE
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
ACTION
Overcurrent
120µs
Way-Overcurrent
(2.5xOC)
<2µs
Overvoltage
+200mV
1ms
FAULT
RESET
PWM tri-state, VR_ON
PGOOD latched toggle or
VDD
low
toggle
Undervoltage 300mV
Overvoltage 1.55V Immediately
Low-side
VDD
MOSFET on
toggle
until Vcore
<0.85V, then
PWM tri-state,
PGOOD latched
low.
For overcurrent condition above 2.5x the OCP level, the
PWM output will immediately shut off and PGOOD will go
low to maximize protection. This protection is also
referred to as way-overcurrent protection or
fast-overcurrent protection, for short-circuit protections.
Current Monitor
The ISL62881C will declare undervoltage (UV) fault and
latch off if the output voltage is less than the VID set
value by 300mV or more for 1ms. It’ll turn off the PWM
output and de-assert PGOOD.
The ISL62881C provides the current monitor function.
The IMON pin outputs a high-speed analog current
source that is 3 times of the droop current flowing out of
the FB pin. Thus as shown by Equation 6.
The ISL62881C has two levels of overvoltage
protections. The first level of overvoltage protection is
17
I IMON = 3 × I droop
(EQ. 6)
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
As Figures 1 and 2 show, a resistor Rimon is connected to
the IMON pin to convert the IMON pin current to voltage.
A capacitor can be paralleled with Rimon to filter the
voltage information. The IMVP-6.5™ specification
requires that the IMON voltage information be referenced
to VSSSENSE.
The IMON pin voltage range is 0V to 1.1V. A clamp circuit
prevents the IMON pin voltage from going above 1.1V.
Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time
Reduction
In DCM, the controller turns off the low-side MOSFET
when the inductor current approaches zero. During
on-time of the low-side MOSFET, phase voltage is
negative and the amount is the MOSFET rDS(ON) voltage
drop, which is proportional to the inductor current. A
phase comparator inside the controller monitors the
phase voltage during on-time of the low-side MOSFET
and compares it with a threshold to determine the
zero-crossing point of the inductor current. If the
inductor current has not reached zero when the low-side
MOSFET turns off, it’ll flow through the low-side MOSFET
body diode, causing the phase node to have a larger
voltage drop until it decays to zero. If the inductor
current has crossed zero and reversed the direction when
the low-side MOSFET turns off, it’ll flow through the
high-side MOSFET body diode, causing the phase node to
have a spike until it decays to zero. The controller
continues monitoring the phase voltage after turning off
the low-side MOSFET and adjusts the phase comparator
threshold voltage accordingly in iterative steps such that
the low-side MOSFET body diode conducts for
approximately 40ns to minimize the body diode-related
loss.
Overshoot Reduction Function
The ISL62881C has an optional overshoot reduction
function, enabled or disabled by the resistor from the
COMP pin to GND, as shown in Table 3.
When a load release occurs, the energy stored in the
inductors will dump to the output capacitor, causing
output voltage overshoot. The inductor current
freewheels through the low-side MOSFET during this
period of time. The overshoot reduction function turns off
the low-side MOSFET during the output voltage
overshoot, forcing the inductor current to freewheel
through the low-side MOSFET body diode. Since the body
diode voltage drop is much higher than MOSFET RDS(ON)
voltage drop, more energy is dissipated on the low-side
MOSFET therefore the output voltage overshoot is lower.
If the overshoot reduction function is enabled, the
ISL62881C monitors the COMP pin voltage to determine
the output voltage overshoot condition. The COMP
voltage will fall and hit the clamp voltage when the
output voltage overshoots. The ISL62881C will turn off
LGATE when COMP is being clamped. The low-side
MOSFET in the power stage will be turned off. When the
output voltage has reached its peak and starts to come
down, the COMP voltage starts to rise and is no longer
18
clamped. The ISL62881C will resume normal PWM
operation.
While the overshoot reduction function reduces the
output voltage overshoot, energy is dissipated on the
low-side MOSFET, causing additional power loss. The
more frequent the transient event, the more power loss
is dissipated on the low-side MOSFET. The MOSFET may
face severe thermal stress when transient events happen
at a high repetitive rate. User discretion is advised when
this function is enabled.
Key Component Selection
RBIAS
The ISL62881C uses a resistor (1% or better tolerance is
recommended) from the RBIAS pin to GND to establish
highly accurate reference current sources inside the IC.
Using RBIAS = 147kΩ sets the controller for CPU core
application and using Rbias = 47kΩ sets the controller for
GPU core application. Do not connect any other
components to this pin. Do not connect any capacitor to
the RBIAS pin as it will create instability.
Care should be taken in layout that the resistor is placed
very close to the RBIAS pin and that a good quality
signal ground is connected to the opposite side of the
RBIAS resistor.
Inductor DCR Current-Sensing Network
PHASE
ISUM+
RSUM
L
RNTCS
RP
DCR
+
CN VCN
-
RNTC
RI
ISUM-
IO
FIGURE 13. DCR CURRENT-SENSING NETWORK
Figure 13 shows the inductor DCR current-sensing
network. An inductor current flows through the DCR and
creates a voltage drop. The inductor has a resistors in
Rsum connected to the phase-node-side pad and a PCB
trace connected to the output-side pad to accurately
sense the inductor current by sensing the DCR voltage
drop. The sensed current information is fed to the NTC
network (consisting of Rntcs, Rntc and Rp) and capacitor
Cn. Rntc is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC)
thermistor, used to temperature-compensate the
inductor DCR change. The inductor current information is
presented to the capacitor Cn. Equations 7 through 11
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
describe the frequency-domain relationship between
inductor total current Io(s) and Cn voltage VCn(s):
R ntcnet
⎛
⎞
V Cn ( s ) = ⎜ ------------------------------------------ × DCR⎟ × I o ( s ) × A cs ( s )
R
⎝ ntcnet + R sum
⎠
( R ntcs + R ntc ) × R p
R ntcnet = ---------------------------------------------------R ntcs + R ntc + R p
s
1 + ------ωL
A cs ( s ) = ----------------------s
1 + ------------ω sns
(EQ. 7)
L
C n = --------------------------------------------------------------R ntcnet × R sum
------------------------------------------ × DCR
R ntcnet + R sum
(EQ. 12)
io
(EQ. 8)
(EQ. 9)
DCR
ω L = ------------L
(EQ. 10)
1
ω sns = -------------------------------------------------------R ntcnet × R sum
------------------------------------------ × C n
R ntcnet + R sum
(EQ. 11)
Vo
FIGURE 14. DESIRED LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
WAVEFORMS
io
Transfer function Acs(s) always has unity gain at DC. The
inductor DCR value increases as the winding temperature
increases, giving higher reading of the inductor DC
current. The NTC Rntc values decreases as its
temperature decreases. Proper selections of Rsum, Rntcs,
Rp and Rntc parameters ensure that VCn represents the
inductor total DC current over the temperature range of
interest.
There are many sets of parameters that can properly
temperature-compensate the DCR change. Since the
NTC network and the Rsum resistors form a voltage
divider, Vcn is always a fraction of the inductor DCR
voltage. It is recommended to have a higher ratio of Vcn
to the inductor DCR voltage, so the droop circuit has
higher signal level to work with.
A typical set of parameters that provide good
temperature compensation are: Rsum = 1.82kΩ,
Rp = 11kΩ, Rntcs = 2.61kΩ and Rntc = 10kΩ
(ERT-J1VR103J). The NTC network parameters may need
to be fine tuned on actual boards. One can apply full load
DC current and record the output voltage reading
immediately; then record the output voltage reading
again when the board has reached the thermal steady
state. A good NTC network can limit the output voltage
drift to within 2mV. It is recommended to follow the
Intersil evaluation board layout and current-sensing
network parameters to minimize engineering time.
VCn(s) also needs to represent real-time Io(s) for the
controller to achieve good transient response. Transfer
function Acs(s) has a pole ωsns and a zero ωL. One needs
to match ωL and ωsns so Acs(s) is unity gain at all
frequencies. By forcing ωL equal to ωsns and solving for
the solution, Equation 12 gives Cn value.
19
Vo
FIGURE 15. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WHEN Cn IS
TOO SMALL
io
Vo
FIGURE 16. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WHEN Cn IS
TOO LARGE
For example, given Rsum = 1.82kΩ, Rp = 11kΩ,
Rntcs = 2.61kΩ, Rntc = 10kΩ, DCR = 1.3mΩ and
L = 0.56µH, Equation 12 gives Cn = 0.31µF.
Assuming the compensator design is correct, Figure 14
shows the expected load transient response waveforms if
Cn is correctly selected. When the load current Icore has
a square change, the output voltage Vcore also has a
square response.
If Cn value is too large or too small, VCn(s) will not
accurately represent real-time Io(s) and will worsen the
transient response. Figure 15 shows the load transient
response when Cn is too small. Vcore will sag excessively
upon load insertion and may create a system failure.
Figure 16 shows the transient response when Cn is too
large. Vcore is sluggish in drooping to its final value.
There will be excessive overshoot if load insertion occurs
during this time, which may potentially hurt the CPU
reliability.
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
iO
iL
VO
RING
BACK
FIGURE 17. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RING BACK PROBLEM
ISUM+
Rntcs
Cn.1
Rp
Rntc
Rn
OPTIONAL
+
Cn.2 Vcn
-
Ri
ISUM-
Cn is the capacitor used to match the inductor time
constant. It usually takes the parallel of two (or more)
capacitors to get the desired value. Figure 18 shows
that two capacitors Cn.1 and Cn.2 are in parallel.
Resistor Rn is an optional component to reduce the Vo
ring back. At steady state, Cn.1 + Cn.2 provides the
desired Cn capacitance. At the beginning of io change,
the effective capacitance is less because Rn increases
the impedance of the Cn.1 branch. As Figure 15
explains, Vo tends to dip when Cn is too small, and this
effect will reduce the Vo ring back. This effect is more
pronounced when Cn.1 is much larger than Cn.2. It is
also more pronounced when Rn is bigger. However, the
presence of Rn increases the ripple of the Vn signal if
Cn.2 is too small. It is recommended to keep Cn.2
greater than 2200pF. Rn value usually is a few ohms.
Cn.1, Cn.2 and Rn values should be determined
through tuning the load transient response waveforms
on an actual board.
Resistor Current-Sensing Network
PHASE
Rip Cip
OPTIONAL
FIGURE 18. OPTIONAL CIRCUITS FOR RING BACK
REDUCTION
Figure 17 shows the output voltage ring back problem
during load transient response. The load current io has a
fast step change, but the inductor current iL cannot
accurately follow. Instead, iL responds in first order
system fashion due to the nature of current loop. The
ESR and ESL effect of the output capacitors makes the
output voltage Vo dip quickly upon load current change.
However, the controller regulates Vo according to the
droop current idroop, which is a real-time representation
of iL; therefore it pulls Vo back to the level dictated by iL,
causing the ring back problem. This phenomenon is not
observed when the output capacitors have very low ESR
and ESL, such as all ceramic capacitors.
Figure 18 shows two optional circuits for reduction of the
ring back. Rip and Cip form an R-C branch in parallel
with Ri, providing a lower impedance path than Ri at
the beginning of io change. Rip and Cip do not have
any effect at steady state. Through proper selection of
Rip and Cip values, idroop can resemble io rather than
iL, and Vo will not ring back. The recommended value
for Rip is 100Ω. Cip should be determined through
tuning the load transient response waveforms on an
actual board. The recommended range for Cip is
100pF~2000pF. However, it should be noted that the
Rip -Cip branch may distort the idroop waveform.
Instead of being triangular as the real inductor current,
idroop may have sharp spikes, which may adversely
affect idroop average value detection and therefore
may affect OCP accuracy. User discretion is advised.
20
L
DCR
ISUM+
RSUM
RSEN
Vcn
Cn
Ri
ISUM-
Io
FIGURE 19. RESISTOR CURRENT-SENSING NETWORK
Figure 19 shows the resistor current-sensing network.
The inductor has a series current-sensing resistor Rsen.
Rsum and is connected to the Rsen pad to accurately
capture the inductor current information. The Rsum feeds
the sensed information to capacitor Cn. Rsum and Cn
form a a filter for noise attenuation. Equations 13
through 15 gives VCn(s) expressions:
V Cn ( s ) = R sen × I o ( s ) × A Rsen ( s )
(EQ. 13)
1
A Rsen ( s ) = ----------------------s
1 + ------------ω sns
(EQ. 14)
1
ω Rsen = ----------------------------R sum × C n
(EQ. 15)
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Transfer function ARsen(s) always has unity gain at DC.
Current-sensing resistor Rsen value will not have
significant variation over-temperature, so there is no
need for the NTC network.
The recommended values are Rsum = 1kΩ and
Cn = 5600pF.
Overcurrent Protection
Referring to Equation 1 and Figures 12, 13 and 19,
resistor Ri sets the droop current Idroop. Table 3 shows
the internal OCP threshold. It is recommended to design
Idroop without using the Rcomp resistor.
For example, the OCP threshold is 60µA. We will design
Idroop to be 50µA at full load, so the OCP trip level is 1.2x
of the full load current.
For inductor DCR sensing, Equation 16 gives the DC
relationship of Vcn(s) and Io(s).
R ntcnet
⎛
⎞
V Cn = ⎜ ------------------------------------------ × DCR⎟ × I o
R
+
R
⎝ ntcnet
⎠
sum
(EQ. 16)
(EQ. 17)
Therefore:
2R ntcnet × DCR × I o
R i = ---------------------------------------------------------------------( R ntcnet + R sum ) × I droop
(EQ. 18)
Substitution of Equation 8 and application of the OCP
condition in Equation 18 gives:
( R ntcs + R ntc ) × R p
2 × ---------------------------------------------------- × DCR × I omax
R ntcs + R ntc + R p
R i = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R
(
⎛ ntcs + R ntc ) × R p
⎞
⎜ ---------------------------------------------------- + R sum⎟ × I droopmax
⎝ R ntcs + R ntc + R p
⎠
(EQ. 19)
where Iomax is the full load current, Idroopmax is the
corresponding droop current. For example, given
Rsum = 1.82kΩ, Rp = 11kΩ, Rntcs = 2.61kΩ, Rntc = 10kΩ,
DCR = 1.3mΩ, Iomax = 22A and Idroopmax = 50µA,
Equation 19 gives Ri = 873Ω.
For resistor sensing, Equation 20 gives the DC
relationship of Vcn(s) and Io(s).
V Cn = R sen × I o
(EQ. 20)
where Iomax is the full load current, Idroopmax is the
corresponding droop current. For example, given
Rsen = 1mΩ, Iomax = 22A and Idroopmax = 50µA,
Equation 23 gives Ri = 880Ω.
A resistor from COMP to GND can adjust the internal OCP
threshold, providing another dimension of fine-tune
flexibility. Table 3 shows the detail. It is recommended to
scale Idroop such that the default OCP threshold gives
approximately the desired OCP level, then use Rcomp to
fine tune the OCP level if necessary.
Load Line Slope
Refer to Figure 12.
For inductor DCR sensing, substitution of Equation 17
into Equation 2 gives the load line slope expression in
Equation 24.
(EQ. 21)
For resistor sensing, substitution of Equation 21 into
Equation 2 gives the load line slope expression in
Equation 25:
2R sen × R droop
V droop
LL = ------------------- = ------------------------------------------Io
Ri
(EQ. 22)
Substitution of Equation 22 and application of the OCP
condition in Equation 18 gives:
21
(EQ. 25)
Substitution of Equation 18 and rewriting Equation 24,
or substitution of Equation 22 and rewriting Equation 25
gives the same result in Equation 26:
Io
R droop = ---------------- × LL
I droop
(EQ. 26)
One can use the full load condition to calculate Rdroop.
For example, given Iomax = 22A, Idroopmax = 50µA and
LL = 7mΩ, Equation 26 gives Rdroop = 3.08kΩ.
It is recommended to start with the Rdroop value
calculated by Equation 26, and fine tune it on the actual
board to get accurate load line slope. One should record
the output voltage readings at no load and at full load for
load line slope calculation. Reading the output voltage at
lighter load instead of full load will increase the
measurement error.
Current Monitor
Refer to Figures 1 and 2, the IMON pin current flows
through Rimon. The voltage across Rimon is shown in
Equation 27:
V Rimon = 3 × I droop × R imon
Therefore:
2R sen × I o
R i = ---------------------------I droop
(EQ. 24)
Referring to Equation 6 for the IMON pin current
expression.
Substitution of Equation 20 into Equation 1 gives
Equation 21:
2
I droop = ----- × R sen × I o
Ri
(EQ. 23)
2R droop
R ntcnet
V droop
LL = ------------------- = ----------------------- × ------------------------------------------ × DCR
Io
Ri
R ntcnet + R sum
Substitution of Equation 16 into Equation 1 gives:
R ntcnet
2
I droop = ----- × ------------------------------------------ × DCR × I o
R i R ntcnet + R sum
2R sen × I omax
R i = --------------------------------------I droopmax
(EQ. 27)
Rewriting Equation 26 gives Equation 28:
Io
I droop = ------------------- × LL
R droop
(EQ. 28)
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Substitution of Equation 28 into Equation 27 gives
Equation 29:
3I o × LL
V Rimon = ---------------------- × R imon
R droop
(EQ. 29)
T2(s) is the voltage loop gain with closed droop loop. It
has more meaning of output voltage response.
Rewriting Equation 29 and application of full load
condition gives Equation 30:
V Rimon × R droop
R imon = ---------------------------------------------3I o × LL
T1(s) is the total loop gain of the voltage loop and the
droop loop. It always has a higher crossover frequency
than T2(s) and has more meaning of system stability.
(EQ. 30)
Design the compensator to get stable T1(s) and T2(s)
with sufficient phase margin, and output impedance
equal or smaller than the load line slope.
L
For example, given LL = 7mΩ, Rdroop = 3.08kΩ,
VRimon = 999mV at Iomax = 22A, Equation 30 gives
Rimon = 6.66kΩ.
Q1
VIN
GATE Q2
DRIVER
A capacitor Cimon can be paralleled with Rimon to filter
the IMON pin voltage. The RimonCimon time constant is
the user’s choice. It is recommended to have a time
constant long enough such that switching frequency
ripples are removed.
Zout(s) = LL
MOD
EA
+
COMP
LOOP GAIN =
20 Ω
VR
+
ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
CHANNEL B
CHANNEL A
CHANNEL A
NETWORK
ANALYZER
CHANNEL B
EXCITATION OUTPUT
FIGURE 21. LOOP GAIN T1(s) MEASUREMENT SET-UP
iO
LOAD
+
VO
-
A VR with active droop function is a dual-loop system
consisting of a voltage loop and a droop loop which is a
current loop. However, neither loop alone is sufficient to
describe the entire system. The spreadsheet shows two
loop gain transfer functions, T1(s) and T2(s), that
describe the entire system. Figure 21 conceptually shows
T1(s) measurement set-up and Figure 22 conceptually
shows T2(s) measurement set-up. The VR senses the
inductor current, multiplies it by a gain of the load line
slope, then adds it on top of the sensed output voltage
and feeds it to the compensator. T(1) is measured after
the summing node, and T2(s) is measured in the voltage
loop before the summing node. The spreadsheet gives
both T1(s) and T2(s) plots. However, only T2(s) can be
actually measured on an ISL62881C regulator.
IO
COUT
GATE Q2
DRIVER
FIGURE 20. VOLTAGE REGULATOR EQUIVALENT
Intersil provides a Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet to
help design the compensator and the current sensing
network, so the VR achieves constant output impedance
as a stable system. Figure 23 shows a screenshot of the
spreadsheet.
VO
Q1
VIN
22
+
VID
L
VID
IO
COUT
LOAD LINE SLOPE
Compensator
Figure 14 shows the desired load transient response
waveforms. Figure 20 shows the equivalent circuit of a
voltage regulator (VR) with the droop function. A VR is
equivalent to a voltage source (= VID) and output
impedance Zout(s). If Zout(s) is equal to the load line
slope LL, i.e. constant output impedance, in the entire
frequency range, Vo will have square response when Io
has a square change.
VO
LOAD LINE SLOPE
+
MOD
COMP
LOOP GAIN =
EA
+
+
VID
CHANNEL B
20 Ω
ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
CHANNEL A
CHANNEL A
NETWORK
ANALYZER
CHANNEL B
EXCITATION OUTPUT
FIGURE 22. LOOP GAIN T2(s) MEASUREMENT SET-UP
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
Compensation & Current Sensing Network Design for Intersil Multiphase R^3 Regulators for IMVP-6.5
23
Changing the settings in red requires deep understanding of control loop design
Place the 2nd compensator pole fp2 at:
1.9 xfs (Switching Frequency)
Tune Ki to get the desired loop gain bandwidth
Tune the compensator gain factor Ki:
(Recommended Ki range is 0.8~2)
Loop Gain, Gain Curve
7V
7V
Operation Parameters
Inductor DCR
0.88 m :
Rsum
3.65 k :
Rntc
10 k :
Rntcs
2.61 k :
Rp
11 k :
Recommended Value
Cn
0.294 uF
Ri 1014.245 :
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\+]
(
Loop Gain, Phase Curve
7V
7V
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\+]
(
(
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\+]
(
(
(
(
(
3KDVHGHJUHH
(
3KDVHGHJUHH
Output Impedance, Gain Curve
0DJQLWXGHPRKP
*DLQG%
1.15
Current Sensing Network Parameters
Output Impedance, Phase Curve
(
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\+]
(
(
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
FIGURE 23. SCREENSHOT OF THE COMPENSATOR DESIGN SPREADSHEET
User Selected Value
Cn
0.294 uF
Ri
1000 :
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Jia Wei, [email protected], 919-405-3605
Attention: 1. "Analysis ToolPak" Add-in is required. To turn on, go to Tools--Add-Ins, and check "Analysis ToolPak".
2. Green cells require user input
Compensator Parameters
Operation Parameters
Controller Part Number: ISL6288x
§
s · §
s ·
¸ ˜ ¨1 ¸
KZi ˜ Zi ˜ ¨¨1 Phase Number:
2
2Sf z1 ¸¹ ¨©
2Sf z 2 ¸¹
©
AV ( s )
Vin:
12 volts
§
· §
·
s
s
¸ ˜ ¨1 ¸
Vo:
1.15 volts
s ˜ ¨1 ¨
2Sf p1 ¸¹ ¨©
2Sf p 2 ¸¹
©
Full Load Current:
50 Amps
Estimated Full-Load Efficiency:
87 %
Number of Output Bulk Capacitors:
3
Recommended Value
User-Selected Value
Capacitance of Each Output Bulk Capacitor:
470 uF
R1
2.870 k :
R1
2.87 k :
ESR of Each Output Bulk Capacitor:
4.5 m :
ESL of Each Output Bulk Capacitor:
0.6 nH
R2
387.248 k :
R2
412 k :
Number of Output Ceramic Capacitors:
30
R3
0.560 k :
R3
0.562 k :
Capacitance of Each Output Ceramic Capacitor:
10 uF
C1
188.980 pF
C1
150 pF
C2
498.514 pF
C2
390 pF
ESR of Each Output Ceramic Capacitor:
3 m:
ESL of Each Output Ceramic Capacitor:
3 nH
C3
32.245 pF
C3
32 pF
Switching Frequency:
300 kHz
Use User-Selected Value (Y/N)? N
Inductance Per Phase:
0.36 uH
CPU Socket Resistance:
0.9 m :
Performance and Stability
Desired Load-Line Slope:
1.9 m :
Desired ISUM- Pin Current at Full Load:
33.1 uA
T1 Bandwidth: 190kHz
T2 Bandwidth: 52kHz
(This sets the over-current protection level)
T1 Phase Margin: 63.4°
T2 Phase Margin: 94.7°
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Optional Slew Rate Compensation Circuit for
1-Tick VID Transition
When Vcore increases, the time domain expression of the
induced Idroop change is as shown in Equation 31:
–t
---------------------------⎞
C out × LL dV core ⎛
C
× LL⎟
I droop ( t ) = -------------------------- × ------------------- × ⎜ 1 – e out
⎜
⎟
R droop
dt
⎝
⎠
Rdroop
Rvid
Vcore
Cvid
OPTIONAL
Ivid
FB
(EQ. 31)
where Cout is the total output capacitance.
In the meantime, the Rvid-Cvid branch current Ivid time
domain expression is as shown in Equation 32:
–t
--------------------------------⎞
dV fb ⎛
R
× C vid⎟
I vid ( t ) = C vid × ------------ × ⎜ 1 – e vid
⎜
⎟
dt
⎝
⎠
Idroop_vid
COMP
E/A
Σ VDACDAC
VIDs
RTN
X1
INTERNAL TO
IC
VID<0:6>
VSSSENSE
VSS
(EQ. 32)
It is desired to let Ivid(t) cancel Idroop_vid(t). So there
are:
dV fb
C out × LL dV core
C vid × ------------ = -------------------------- × ------------------dt
dt
R droop
(EQ. 33)
and:
R vid × C vid = C out × LL
VID<0:6>
(EQ. 34)
The result is:
Vfb
R vid = R droop
Ivid
(EQ. 35)
and:
dV core
C out × LL -----------------dt
C vid = -------------------------- × ------------------R droop
dV fb
-----------dt
Vcore
Idroop_vid
FIGURE 24. OPTIONAL SLEW RATE COMPENSATION
CIRCUIT FOR1-TICK VID TRANSITION
During a large VID transition, the DAC steps through the
VIDs at a controlled slew rate of 2.5µs or 1.25µs per tick
(12.5mV), controlling output voltage Vcore slew rate at
5mV/µs or 10mV/µs.
Figure 24 shows the waveforms of 1-tick VID transition.
During 1-tick VID transition, the DAC output changes at
approximately 15mV/µs slew rate, but the DAC cannot
step through multiple VIDs to control the slew rate.
Instead, the control loop response speed determines
Vcore slew rate. Ideally, Vcore will follow the FB pin
voltage slew rate. However, the controller senses the
inductor current increase during the up transition, as the
Idroop_vid waveform shows, and will droop the output
voltage Vcore accordingly, making Vcore slew rate slow.
Similar behavior occurs during the down transition.
To control Vcore slew rate during 1-tick VID transition,
one can add the Rvid-Cvid branch, whose current Ivid
cancels Idroop_vid.
24
(EQ. 36)
For example: given LL = 7mΩ, Rdroop = 3.08kΩ,
Cout = 500µF, dVcore/dt = 10mV/µs and
dVfb/dt = 15mV/µs, Equation 35 gives Rvid = 3.08kΩ
and Equation 36 gives Cvid = 757pF.
It’s recommended to select the calculated Rvid value and
start with the calculated Cvid value and tweak it on the
actual board to get the best performance.
During normal transient response, the FB pin voltage is
held constant, therefore is virtual ground in small signal
sense. The Rvid-Cvid network is between the virtual
ground and the real ground, and hence has no effect on
transient response.
Voltage Regulator Thermal Throttling
Figure 25 shows the thermal throttling feature with
hysteresis. An NTC network is connected between the
NTC pin and GND. At low temperature, SW1 is on and
SW2 connects to the 1.20V side. The total current
flowing out of the NTC pin is 60µA. The voltage on NTC
pin is higher than the threshold voltage of 1.20V and the
comparator output is low. VR_TT# is pulled up by the
external resistor.
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
54µA
60µA
VR_TT#
SW1
NTC
2.96kΩ
------------------------------------------------------ = 467kΩ
( 0.03956 – 0.03322 )
+
VNTC
-
+
RNTC
Rs
1.24V
For example, given Panasonic NTC thermistor with
B = 4700, the resistance will drop to 0.03322 of its
nominal at +105°C, and drop to 0.03956 of its nominal
at +100°C. If the required temperature hysteresis is
+105°C to +100°C, the required resistance of NTC will
be as shown in Equation 38:
(EQ. 38)
Therefore, a larger value thermistor such as 470k NTC
should be used.
SW2
1.20V
INTERNAL TO
ISL62881C
FIGURE 25. CIRCUITRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE
THERMAL THROTTLING FEATURE OF THE
ISL62881C
When temperature increases, the NTC thermistor
resistance decreases so the NTC pin voltage drops. When
the NTC pin voltage drops below 1.20V, the comparator
changes polarity and turns SW1 off and throws SW2 to
1.24V. This pulls VR_TT# low and sends the signal to
start thermal throttle. There is a 6µA current reduction
on NTC pin and 40mV voltage increase on threshold
voltage of the comparator in this state. The VR_TT#
signal will be used to change the CPU operation and
decrease the power consumption. When the temperature
drops down, the NTC thermistor voltage will go up. If
NTC voltage increases to above 1.24V, the comparator
will flip back. The external resistance difference in these
two conditions is shown in Equation 37:
1.24V 1.20V
---------------- – ---------------- = 2.96k
54μA 60μA
At +105°C, 470kΩ NTC resistance becomes
(0.03322 × 470kΩ) = 15.6kΩ. With 60µA on the NTC pin,
the voltage is only (15.6kΩ × 60µA) = 0.937V. This value
is much lower than the threshold voltage of 1.20V.
Therefore, a regular resistor needs to be in series with
the NTC. The required resistance can be calculated by
Equation 39:
1.20V
---------------- – 15.6kΩ = 4.4kΩ
60μA
(EQ. 39)
4.42k is a standard resistor value. Therefore, the NTC
branch should have a 470k NTC and 4.42k resistor in
series. The part number for the NTC thermistor is
ERTJ0EV474J. It is a 0402 package. NTC thermistor will
be placed in the hot spot of the board.
Layout Guidelines
Table 5 shows the layout considerations. The
designators refer to the reference designs shown in
Figures 26 and 27.
(EQ. 37)
One needs to properly select the NTC thermistor value
such that the required temperature hysteresis correlates
to 2.96kΩ resistance change. A regular resistor may
need to be in series with the NTC thermistor to meet the
threshold voltage values.
TABLE 5. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
NAME
LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
GND
Create analog ground plane underneath the controller and the analog signal processing components. Don’t let the
power ground plane overlap with the analog ground plane. Avoid noisy planes/traces (e.g.: phase node) from
crossing over/overlapping with the analog plane.
CLK_EN#
No special consideration.
PGOOD
No special consideration
RBIAS
Place the RBIAS resistor (R16) in general proximity of the controller. Low impedance connection to the analog ground
plane.
VR_TT#
No special consideration.
NTC
The NTC thermistor (R9) needs to be placed close to the thermal source that is monitor to determine thermal
throttling. Usually it’s placed close to phase-1 high-side MOSFET.
VW
Place capacitor (C4) across VW and COMP in close proximity of the controller.
COMP
Place compensator components (C3, C5, C6 R7, R11, R10 and C11) in general proximity of the controller.
FB
25
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
TABLE 5. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS (Continued)
NAME
VSEN
LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
Place the VSEN/RTN filter (C12, C13) in close proximity of the controller for good decoupling.
RTN
VDD
A capacitor (C16) decouples it to GND. Place it in close proximity of the controller.
IMON
Place the filter capacitor (C21) close to the CPU.
ISUM-
Place the current sensing circuit in general proximity of the controller.
Place C82 very close to the controller.
Place NTC thermistors R42 next to inductor (L1) so it senses the inductor temperature correctly.
The power stage sends a pair of VSUM+ and VSUM- signals to the controller. Run these two signal traces in parallel
fashion with decent width (>20mil).
IMPORTANT: Sense the inductor current by routing the sensing circuit to the inductor pads.
Route R63 to the phase-node side pad of inductor L1. Route the other current sensing trace to the output side pad
of inductor L1.
If possible, route the traces on a different layer from the inductor pad layer and use vias to connect the traces to
the center of the pads. If no via is allowed on the pad, consider routing the traces into the pads from the inside of
the inductor. The following drawings show the two preferred ways of routing current sensing traces.
ISUM+
INDUCTOR
INDUCTOR
VIAS
CURRENTSENSING TRACES
VIN
CURRENTSENSING TRACES
A capacitor (C17) decouples it to GND. Place it in close proximity of the controller.
BOOT
Use decent wide trace (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog signal trace from crossing over or getting close.
UGATE
Run these two traces in parallel fashion with decent width (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog signal trace from
crossing over or getting close. Recommend routing PHASE trace to the high-side MOSFET (Q2 and Q8) source pins
instead of general phase node copper.
PHASE
VSSP
Run these two traces in parallel fashion with decent width (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog signal trace from
crossing over or getting close. Recommend routing VSSP to the low-side MOSFET (Q3 and Q9) source pins instead
LGATE
of general power ground plane for better performance.
or
LGATEa and
LGATEb
VCCP
A capacitor (C22) decouples it to GND. Place it in close proximity of the controller.
VID0~6
No special consideration.
VR_ON
No special consideration.
DPRSLPVR No special consideration.
Phase Node Minimize phase node copper area. Don’t let the phase node copper overlap with/getting close to other sensitive
traces. Cut the power ground plane to avoid overlapping with phase node copper.
Minimize the loop consisting of input capacitor, high-side MOSFETs and low-side MOSFETs (e.g.: C27, C33, Q2, Q8,
Q3 and Q9).
26
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
VID0
VID1
VID2
VID3
VID4
VID5
VID6
VR_ON
DPRSLPVR
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
+3.3V
IN
IN
IN
DNP
C61
DNP
VCORE
DNP
10UF
C27
10UF
C33
C24
C22
C21
10K 2.61K
NTC
R41
-----> R42
R38
0.1UF
----
----
DNP DNP
-----------OPTIONAL
C20
R30
1.07K
-----------C81 R109
C60
DNP
C59
C56
C55
10UF
C54
10UF
C41
22UF
C40
22UF
220UF
7MOHM
C52
220UF
7MOHM
C52
OUT
IMON
IN
VSSSENSE
0.047UF
7.15K
R50
IN
0
OUT
R63
C82
10
1
+5V
VIN
11K
R18
----
0.27UF
IN
IN
R40
0.22UF
VSSSENSE
0.22UF
Q3
0.56UH
1.3MOHM
15
R37
C18
IN
0
IRF7832
16
0
0.033UF
VCCSENSE
C30
1UF
UGATE
R56
17
RTN
ISUMISUM+
VDD
VIN
IMON
BOOT
VSEN
EP
+5V
IN
18
VSSP
ISL62881C
1UF
C17
10
19
VCCP
PHASE
R20
20
LGATE
C16
R17
3.48K
OPTIONAL
----
U6
FB
R11
261K
----C12
---- 390PF
VCORE IN
VID0
COMP
29
2.37K 390PF
R7
PGOOD
21
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
47PF
VID1
VW
7
C11
C13
C3
R10
VR_ON
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
DPRSLPVR
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
1.91K
R19
C4
C6
L1
CLK_EN#
RBIAS
5
1000PF 330PF
-----
C83 R110
3
47.5K 4
IRF7821
Q2
1.82K
PLACE NEAR L1
FIGURE 26. GPU APPLICATION REFERENCE DESIGN
LAYOUT
NOTE:
ROUTE UGATE TRACE IN PARALLEL
WITH THE PHASE TRACE GOING TO
THE SOURCE OF Q2
ROUTE LGATE TRACE IN PARALLEL
WITH THE VSSP TRACE GOING TO
THE SOURCE OF Q3
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
DNP
DNP
--------
R16
2
6
OPTIONAL
----
--------
1
1000PF
----
OUT
8.66K
DNP
------R6
------R4
27
PGOOD
OPTIONAL
----
IN
56UF
VIN
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
VID0
VID1
VID2
VID3
VID4
VID5
VID6
VR_ON
DPRSLPVR
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
+3.3V
IN
IN
IN
10UF
C27
10UF
C33
56UF
C24
VR_ON
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
0.1UF
----
----
C20
R41
11K
10K 2.61K
NTC
R30
DNP DNP
----------OPTIONAL
C56
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C40
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C41
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C59
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C60
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C61
10UF
C55
10UF
C43
1.82K
PLACE NEAR L1
FIGURE 27. CPU APPLICATION REFERENCE DESIGN
LAYOUT
C70
C71
C74
C75
C54
C47
C63
C48
C64
C50
C42
C49
C65
VSSSENSE
C66
IN
C67
IMON
R63
909
----------C81 R109
10UF
C21
OUT
0.047UF
+5V
VIN
7.68K
IN
0
C68
C22
IN
R40
1
OUT
10UF
15
R50
R37
OPTIONAL
C52
Q9
330UF
Q3
0.45UH
1.1MOHM
C39
0.22UF
IRF7832
330UF
0
IRF7832
1UF
DPRSLPVR
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
C30
16
0
C82
10
R56
VCORE
17
-----> R42
R18
----
+5V
IN
18
R38
IN
R20
----
19
0.22UF
VSSSENSE
UGATE
0.22UF
IN
VSEN
EP
C18
VCCSENSE
PHASE
0.047UF
10
FB
R11
1.33K
VSSP
ISL62881C
1UF
C17
390PF 226K
---R17
VCORE IN
29
715 1000PF
LGATE
COMP
C16
R7
VCCP
20
RTN
ISUMISUM+
VDD
VIN
IMON
BOOT
56PF
C11
U6
VW
7
1000PF ----330PF
C3
R10
----C12
C6
VID0
RBIAS
4
21
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
C4
PGOOD
3
5
C13
C83 R110
2
IRF7821
Q2
NOTE:
ROUTE UGATE TRACE IN PARALLEL
WITH THE PHASE TRACE GOING TO
THE SOURCE OF Q2 AND Q8
ROUTE LGATE TRACE IN PARALLEL
WITH THE VSSP TRACE GOING TO
THE SOURCE OF Q3 AND Q9
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
DNP DNP
--------
R16
147K
IN
L1
VID1
CLK_EN#
6
OPTIONAL
----
--------
1
1000PF
----
9.09K
R4
DNP
------R6
-------
28
CLK_EN# OUT
PGOOD OUT
OPTIONAL
----
1.91K
R19
1.91K
R23
VIN
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
CPU Application Reference Design Bill of Materials
QTY REFERENCE
1
C11
1
C12
1
C13
2
C16, C22
1
C18
1
C20
1
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
GENERIC
H1045-00102-16V10
SM0603
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00331-16V10
SM0603
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00102-16V10
SM0603
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 20%
GENERIC
H1045-00105-16V20
SM0603
0.22µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00224-16V10
SM0603
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00104-16V10
SM0603
C21
0.047µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00473-16V10
SM0603
2
C17, C30
0.22µF Multilayer Cap, 25V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00224-25V10
SM0603
1
C24
56µF
Radial SP Series Cap, 25V, 20%
25SP56M
CASE-CC
2
C27, C33
10µF
Multilayer Cap, 25V, 20%
GENERIC
H1065-00106-25V20
SM1206
1
C3
390pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00391-16V10
SM0603
2
C39, C52
330µF
SPCAP, 2V, 4MΩ
330pF
1µF
0.1µF
POLYMER CAP, 2.5V, 4.5MΩ
1
C4
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
30
C40-C43,
C47-C50,
C53-C56, C59,
C75, C78
10µF
1
C6
56pF
1
C82
0
C81, C83
1
L1
1
Q2
N-Channel Power MOSFET
2
Q3, Q9
N-Channel Power MOSFET
1
R10
715
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
1
R11
1.33k
1
R16
2
SANYO
PANASONIC
KEMET
EEXSX0D331E4
T520V337M2R5A(1)E4R5-6666
GENERIC
H1045-00102-16V10
SM0603
TAIYO
MURATA
Kyocera
TDK
JMK212BJ106MG-T
SM0805
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00560-16V10
SM0603
0.047µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00473-16V10
SM0603
ETQP4LR45XFC
MPCG1040LR45
10mmx10mm
IR
IRF7821
PWRPAKSO8
IR
IRF7832
PWRPAKSO8
GENERIC
H2511-07150-1/16W1
SM0603
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01331-1/16W1
SM0603
147k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01473-1/16W1
SM0603
R17, R18
10
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-00100-1/16W1
SM0603
2
R19, R23
1.91k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01911-1/16W1
SM0603
3
R20, R40, R56
0
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-00R00-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R30
909
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-09090-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R37
1
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01R00-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R38
11k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01102-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R41
2.61k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02611-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R42
ERT-J1VR103J
SM0603
1
R50
H2511-07681-1/16W1
SM0603
Multilayer Cap, 6.3V, 20%
GRM21BR60J106ME19
CM21X5R106M06AT
C2012X5R0J106MT009N
DNP
0.45µH Inductor, Inductance 20%,
DCR 7%
10k NTC Thermistor, 10k NTC
7.68k
29
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
PANASONIC
NEC-TOKIN
PANASONIC
GENERIC
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
CPU Application Reference Design Bill of Materials (Continued)
QTY REFERENCE
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
1
R6
9.09k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-09091-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R63
1.82k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01821-1/16W1
SM0805
1
R7
226k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02263-1/16W1
SM0603
0
R109, R110,
R4, R8, R9
DNP
1
U6
IMVP-6.5 PWM Controller
INTERSIL
ISL62881CHRTZ
QFN-28
GPU Application Reference Design Bill of Materials
QTY REFERENCE VALUE
DESCRIPTION
MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
1
C11
390pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00391-16V10
SM0603
1
C12
330pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00331-16V10
SM0603
1
C13
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00102-16V10
SM0603
2
C16, C22
GENERIC
H1045-00105-16V20
SM0603
1
C18
GENERIC
H1045-00274-16V10
SM0603
1
C20
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00104-16V10
SM0603
2
C17, C30
0.22µF Multilayer Cap, 25V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00224-25V10
SM0603
1
C21
0.047µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00473-16V10
SM0603
1
C24
56µF
Radial SP Series Cap, 25V, 20%
25SP56M
CASE-CC
2
C27, C33
10µF
Multilayer Cap, 25V, 20%
GENERIC
H1065-00106-25V20
SM1206
1
C3
390pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00391-16V10
SM0603
1
C39, C52
220µF
SPCAP, 2V, 7MΩ
PANASONIC
1
C4
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00102-16V10
SM0603
2
C40, C41
22µF
Multilayer Cap, 6.3V, 20%
TAIYO
MURATA
Kyocera
TDK
JMK212BJ226MG-T
GRM21BC80J226M
CM21X5R226M04AT
C2012X5R0J226MT009N
SM0805
2
C54, C55
10µF
Multilayer Cap, 6.3V, 20%
TAIYO
MURATA
Kyocera
TDK
JMK212BJ106MG-T
GRM21BR60J106ME19
CM21X5R106M06AT
C2012X5R0J106MT009N
SM0805
1
C6
47pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00470-16V10
SM0603
1
C82
0.033µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00333-16V10
SM0603
0
C56, C59C61, C81,
C83
1
L1
1
Q2
N-Channel Power MOSFET
1
Q3
N-Channel Power MOSFET
1
R10
2.37k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
1
R11
3.48k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
1µF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 20%
0.27µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
0.1µF
SANYO
EEXSX0D221E7
DNP
0.56µH Inductor, Inductance 20%, DCR
7%
30
PANASONIC
NEC-TOKIN
ETQP4LR56AFC
MPCG1040LR56
10mmx10mm
IR
IRF7821
PWRPAKSO8
IR
IRF7832
PWRPAKSO8
GENERIC
H2511-02371-1/16W1
SM0603
GENERIC
H2511-03481-1/16W1
SM0603
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
GPU Application Reference Design Bill of Materials (Continued)
QTY REFERENCE VALUE
DESCRIPTION
MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
1
R16
47.5k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-04752-1/16W1
SM0603
2
R17, R18
10
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-00100-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R19
1.91k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01911-1/16W1
SM0603
3
R20, R40,
R56
0
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-00R00-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R30
1.07k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01071-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R37
1
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01R00-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R38
11k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01102-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R41
2.61k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02611-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R42
ERT-J1VR103J
SM0603
1
R50
7.15k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-07151-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R6
8.66k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-08661-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R63
3.65k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-03651-1/16W1
SM0805
1
R7
261k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02613-1/16W1
SM0603
0
R109, R110,
R4, R8, R9
DNP
1
U6
IMVP-6.5 PWM Controller
INTERSIL
ISL62881CHRTZ
QFN-28
10k NTC Thermistor, 10k NTC
31
PANASONIC
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
90
88
88
86
86
84
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Typical Performance
84
VIN = 12V
82
VIN = 8V
80
VIN = 19V
78
76
74
80
78
76
74
VIN = 12V
VIN = 19V
VIN = 8V
72
72
70
82
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14
IOUT (A)
16
18
20
22
FIGURE 28. ISL62881CCPUEVAL2ZEVALUATION
BOARD CCM EFFICIENCY, VID = 0.9V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
0.91
70
0.1
1.0
IOUT (A)
10.0
FIGURE 29. ISL62881CCPUEVAL2ZEVALUATION
BOARD DE MODE EFFICIENCY, VID = 0.9V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
VIN = 19V
0.90
0.89
VOUT (V)
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.83
VIN = 12V
0.82
VIN = 8V
0.81
0.80
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14
IOUT (A)
16
18
20
22
FIGURE 30. CPU APPLICATION CCM LOAD LINE,
VID = 0.9V, VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND
VIN3 = 19V
FIGURE 31. CPU MODE CLK_EN# DELAY, VIN = 19V,
IO = 0A, VID = 1.2V, Ch1: PHASE1,
Ch2: VO, Ch4: CLK_EN#
FIGURE 32. CPU MODE SOFT-START, VIN = 19V,
IO = 0A, VID = 1.2V, Ch1: PHASE, Ch2: VO
FIGURE 33. GPU MODE SOFT-START, VIN = 19V,
IO = 0A, VID = 1.2V, Ch1: PHASE, Ch2: VO
32
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Typical Performance (Continued)
FIGURE 34. CPU MODE SHUT DOWN, VIN = 19V,
IO = 0A, VID = 1.2V, Ch1: PHASE, Ch2: VO
FIGURE 35. GPU MODE SHUT DOWN, VIN = 19V,
IO = 0A, VID = 1.2V, Ch1: PHASE, Ch2: VO
FIGURE 36. CCM STEADY STATE, CPU MODE, VIN = 8V,
IO = 1A, VID = 1.2375V, Ch1: PHASE,
Ch2: VO
FIGURE 37. DCM STEADY STATE, CPU MODE,
VIN = 12V, IO = 1A, VID = 1.075V, Ch1:
PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: COMP, Ch4: LGATE
1000
Phase Margin
Gain
IMON-VSSSENSE (mV)
900
800
700
600
500
VIN = 19V
400
TARGET
300
VIN = 12V
200
100
0
FIGURE 38. GPU MODE REFERENCE DESIGN LOOP GAIN
T2(s) MEASUREMENT RESULT
33
VIN = 8V
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
IOUT (A)
14
16
18
20
FIGURE 39. IMON, VID = 1.2375
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Typical Performance (Continued)
FIGURE 40. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION
DISABLED, GPU MODE, VIN = 12V,
VID = 0.9V, IO = 12A/22A,
di/dt = “FASTEST”
FIGURE 41. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION
DISABLED, GPU MODE, VIN = 12V,
VID = 0.9V, IO = 12A/22A,
di/dt = “FASTEST”
FIGURE 42. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION
DISABLED, GPU MODE, VIN = 12V,
VID = 0.9V, IO = 12A/22A,
di/dt = “FASTEST”
FIGURE 43. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION
DISABLED, GPU MODE, VIN = 12V,
VID = 0.9V, IO = 12A/22A,
di/dt = “FASTEST”
FIGURE 44. CPU MODE VID TRANSITION,
DPRSLPVR = 0, IO = 2A,
VID = 1.2375V/1.0375V, Ch2: VO,
Ch3: VID4
FIGURE 45. GPU MODE VID TRANSITION,
DPRSLPVR = 0, IO = 2A,
VID = 1.2375V/1.0375V, Ch2: VO,
Ch3: VID4
34
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Typical Performance (Continued)
FIGURE 46. CPU MODE VID TRANSITION,
DPRSLPVR = 1, IO = 2A,
VID = 1.2375V/1.0375V, Ch2: VO,
Ch3: VID4
FIGURE 47. GPU MODE VID TRANSITION,
DPRSLPVR = 1, IO = 2A,
VID = 1.2375V/1.0375V, Ch2: VO,
Ch3: VID4
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to
web to make sure you have the latest Rev.
DATE
REVISION
3/8/10
FN7596.0
CHANGE
Initial Release.
Products
Intersil Corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog semiconductors. The
Company's products address some of the industry's fastest growing markets, such as, flat panel displays, cell phones,
handheld products, and notebooks. Intersil's product families address power management and analog signal
processing functions. Go to www.intersil.com/products for a complete list of Intersil product families.
*For a complete listing of Applications, Related Documentation and Related Parts, please see the respective device
information page on intersil.com: ISL62881C, ISL62881D
To report errors or suggestions for this datasheet, please go to www.intersil.com/askourstaff
FITs are available from our website at http://rel.intersil.com/reports/search.php
For additional products, see www.intersil.com/product_tree
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications
at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by
Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any
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patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
35
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Package Outline Drawing
L28.4x4
28 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 0, 9/06
A
4 . 00
2 . 50
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
CHAMFER 0 . 400 X 45¬
0 . 40
22
28
1
0 . 40
15
3 . 20
2 . 50
4 . 00
21
0 . 4 x 6 = 2.40 REF
B
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
7
0 . 10
2X
14
8
0 . 20 ±0 . 0
0 . 10 M C A B
0 . 4 x 6 = 2 . 40 REF
TOP VIEW
3 . 20
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL X''
0 . 10 C
(3 . 20)
C
PACKAGE BOUNDARY
MAX. 0 . 80
SEATING PLANE
(28X 0 . 20)
0 . 00 - 0 . 05
0 . 08 C
0 . 20 REF
(3 . 20)
(2 . 50)
SIDE VIEW
(0 . 40)
C
(0 . 40)
0 . 20 REF
5
0 ~ 0 . 05
(2 . 50)
(28X 0 . 60)
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Controlling dimensions are in mm.
Dimensions in ( ) for reference only.
2. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ±0.05
Angular ±2°
3. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5M-1994.
4. Bottom side Pin#1 ID is diepad chamfer as shown.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
36
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010
ISL62881C, ISL62881D
Package Outline Drawing
L32.5x5E
32 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 0, 03/09
3.50
5.00
28X 0.50
A
B
6
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
24
1
3.50
5.00
3.70
Exp. DAP
8
17
(4X)
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
32
25
0.15
32X 0.25 4
0.10 M C A B
9
16
3.70
Exp. DAP
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
32X 0.40
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
( 4.80 )
( 3.50)
0.10 C
Max 0.80
( 28X 0.50)
C
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
( 4.80 )
(3.70
)
( 3.50)
(32X 0.25)
C
0 . 2 REF
5
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
( 32 X 0.60)
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.0
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
37
FN7596.0
March 8, 2010