INTERSIL HSP50216

HSP50216
TM
Data Sheet
July 31, 2006
Four-Channel Programmable Digital
DownConverter
Features
• Up to 70MSPS Input
The HSP50216 Quad Programmable Digital DownConverter
(QPDC) is designed for high dynamic range applications
such as cellular basestations where multiple channel
processing is required in a small physical space. The QPDC
combines into a single package, a set of four channels which
include: digital mixers, a quadrature carrier NCO, digital
filters, a resampling filter, a Cartesian-to-polar coordinate
converter and an AGC loop.
• Four Independently Programmable Downconverter
Channels in a single package
• Four Parallel 16-Bit Inputs - Fixed or Floating Point Format
• 32-Bit Programmable Carrier NCO with > 115dB SFDR
• 110dB FIR Out of Band Attenuation
• Decimation from 8 to >65536
The HSP50216 accepts four channels of 16-bit real digitized
IF samples which are mixed with local quadrature sinusoids.
Each channel carrier NCO frequency is set independently by
the microprocessor. The output of the mixers are filtered with
a CIC and FIR filters, with a variety of decimation options.
Gain adjustment is provided on the filtered signal. The digital
AGC provides a gain adjust range of up to 96dB with
programmable thresholds and slew rates. A cartesian to
polar coordinate converter provides magnitude and phase
outputs. A frequency discriminator provides a frequency
output via the FIR filter. Selectable outputs include I
samples, Q samples, Magnitude, Phase, Frequency and
AGC gain. The output resolution is selectable from 4-bit fixed
point to 32-bit floating point.
• 24-bit Internal Data Path
The maximum output bandwidth achievable using a single
channel is at least 1MHz.
Applications
PART
MARKING
HSP50216KI
HSP50216KI
HSP50216KIZ HSP50216KIZ
(Note)
• Digital AGC with up to 96dB of Gain Range
• Filter Functions
- 1 to 5 Stage CIC Filter
- Halfband Decimation and Interpolation FIR Filter
- Programmable FIR Filter
- Resampling FIR Filter
• Cascadable Filtering for Additional Bandwidth
• Four Independent Serial Outputs
• 3.3V Operation
• Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)
• Narrow-Band TDMA through IS-95 CDMA Digital Software
Radio and Basestation Receivers
Ordering Information
PART
NUMBER
FN4557.4
TEMP
RANGE
(°C)
• Wide-Band Applications: W-CDMA and UMTS Digital
Software Radio and Basestation Receivers
PACKAGE
PKG. NO
-40 to 85 196 Ld BGA
V196.12x12
-40 to 85 196 Ld BGA
(Pb-free)
V196.12x12
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free
material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and
compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures
that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2006. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
HSP50216
Block Diagram
μP
TEST
REGISTER
INPUT SELECT,
FORMAT,
DEMUX
LEVEL
DETECTOR
SCLK
A(15:0)
ENIA
FIR FILTERS,
AGC,
CARTESIAN-TO-POLAR
COORDINATE
CONVERTER
I
INPUT SELECT,
FORMAT,
DEMUX
NCO / MIXER / CIC
Q
SYNCA
SDIA
SD2A
CHANNEL 0
B(15:0)
ENIB
FIR FILTERS,
AGC,
CARTESIAN-TO-POLAR
COORDINATE
CONVERTER
I
INPUT SELECT,
FORMAT,
DEMUX
NCO / MIXER / CIC
Q
SYNCB
SDIB
SD2B
CHANNEL 1
C(15:0)
OUTPUT
SELECT,
FORMAT,
SERIALIZE
BUS
ENIC
ROUTING
FIR FILTERS,
AGC,
CARTESIAN-TO-POLAR
COORDINATE
CONVERTER
I
INPUT SELECT,
FORMAT,
DEMUX
NCO / MIXER / CIC
Q
SYNCC
SDIC
D(15:0)
SD2C
CHANNEL 2
ENID
FIR FILTERS,
AGC,
CARTESIAN-TO-POLAR
COORDINATE
CONVERTER
I
INPUT SELECT,
FORMAT,
DEMUX
NCO / MIXER / CIC
Q
SYNCD
SDID
SD2D
CHANNEL 3
INTRPT
CLK
RESET
SYNCI
SYNCO
μP INTERFACE
P(15:0)
2
ADD(2:0)
RD
or
RD / WR
WR
or
DSTRB
μP MODE
CE
HSP50216
Pinout
196 LEAD BGA
TOP VIEW
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
A5
A7
A9
A11
A13
A15
SD1A
A3
A6
A8
A10
VCC
GND
VCC
GND
VCC
GND
SD1C
SD1D
ADD0
ADD1
A1
A2
A4
ENIA
A12
A14
SD2A
SD1B
SD2B
SD2C
SD2D
INTRPT
P15
P14
B15
A0
B14
ADD2
RESET
P13
P12
B13
GND
B12
P11
VCC
P10
B11
VCC
B10
P9
GND
P8
B9
GND
GND
P7
VCC
P6
CLK
VCC
B8
P5
GND
P4
B7
GND
B6
P3
VCC
P2
B5
VCC
B4
P1
GND
P0
B3
B2
ENIB
CE
RD
WR
B1
B0
C12
C6
C4
C2
C0
D15
D13
D11
ENID
D3
D1
D0
C15
C14
C10
C8
GND
VCC
GND
VCC
GND
VCC
D9
D7
D5
D2
C13
C11
C9
C7
C5
C3
C1
ENIC
D14
D12
D10
D8
D6
D4
12
13
14
A
SYNCA SYNCB
SCLK
SYNCC SYNCD SYNCI SYNCO
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
μP MODE
L
M
N
P
POWER PIN
SIGNAL PIN
GROUND PIN
THERMAL BALL
3
NC (NO CONNECTION)
HSP50216
Pin Descriptions
NAME
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY
VCC
-
Positive Power Supply Voltage, 3.3V ±0.15
GND
-
Ground, 0V.
A(15:0)
I
Parallel Data Input bus A. Sampled on the rising edge of clock when ENIA is active (low).
B(15:0)
I
Parallel Data Input bus B. Sampled on the rising edge of clock when ENIB is active (low).
C(15:0)
I
Parallel Data Input bus C. Sampled on the rising edge of clock when ENIC is active (low).
D15
I
Parallel Data Input D15 or tuner channel A COF.
D14
I
Parallel Data Input D14 or tuner channel A COFSync.
D13
I
Parallel Data Input D13 or tuner channel A SOF.
D12
I
Parallel Data Input D12 or tuner channel A SOFSync.
D11
I
Parallel Data Input D11 or tuner channel B COF.
D10
I
Parallel Data Input D10 or tuner channel B COFSync.
D9
I
Parallel Data Input D9 or tuner channel B SOF.
D8
I
Parallel Data Input D8 or tuner channel B SOFSync.
D7
I
Parallel Data Input D7 or tuner channel C COF.
D6
I
Parallel Data Input D6 or tuner channel C COFSync.
D5
I
Parallel Data Input D5 or tuner channel C SOF.
D4
I
Parallel Data Input D4 or tuner channel C SOFSync.
D3
I
Parallel Data Input D3 or tuner channel D COF.
D2
I
Parallel Data Input D2 or tuner channel D COFSync.
D1
I
Parallel Data Input D1 or tuner channel D SOF.
D0
I
Parallel Data Input D0 or tuner channel D SOFSync.
ENIA
I
Input enable for Parallel Data Input bus A. Active low. This pin enables the input to the part in one of two
modes, gated or interpolated. In gated mode, one sample is taken per CLK when ENI is asserted.
ENIB
I
Input enable for Parallel Data Input bus B. Active low. This pin enables the input to the part in one of two
modes, gated or interpolated. In gated mode, one sample is taken per CLK when ENI is asserted.
ENIC
I
Input enable for Parallel Data Input bus C. Active low. This pin enables the input to the part in one of two
modes, gated or interpolated. In gated mode, one sample is taken per CLK when ENI is asserted.
ENID
I
Input enable for Parallel Data Input bus D. Active low. This pin enables the input to the part in one of two
modes, gated or interpolated. In gated mode, one sample is taken per CLK when ENI is asserted.
CLK
I
Input clock. All processing in the HSP50216 occurs on the rising edge of CLK.
SYNCI
I
Synchronization Input Signal. Used to align the processing with an external event or with other HSP50216
devices. SYNCI can update the carrier NCO, reset decimation counters, restart the filter compute engine,
and restart the output section among other functions. For most of the functional blocks, the response to
SYNCI is programmable and can be enabled or disabled.
SYNCO
O
Synchronization Output Signal. The processing of multiple HSP50216 devices can be synchronized by
tying the SYNCO from one HSP50216 device (the master) to the SYNCI of all the HSP50216 devices (the
master and slaves).
RESET
I
Reset Signal. Active low. Asserting reset will halt all processing and set certain registers to default values.
INPUTS
CONTROL
4
HSP50216
Pin Descriptions
NAME
(Continued)
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
SD1A
O
Serial Data Output 1A. A serial data stream output which can be programmed to consist of I1, Q1, I2, Q2,
magnitude, phase, frequency (dφ/dt), AGC gain, and/or zeros. In addition, data outputs from Channels 0,
1, 2 and 3 can be multiplexed into a common serial output data stream. Information can be sequenced in
a programmable order. See Serial Data Output Formatter Section.
SD2A
O
Serial Data Output 2A. This output is provided as an auxiliary output for Serial Data Output 1A to route data
to a second destination or to output two words at a time for higher sample rates. SD2A has the same
programmability as SD1A except that floating point format is not available. See Serial Data Output
Formatter Section and Microprocessor Interface section.
SD1B
O
Serial Data Output 1B. See description for SD1A.
SD2B
O
Serial Data Output 2B. See description for SD2A.
SD1C
O
Serial Data Output 1C. See description for SD1A.
SD2C
O
Serial Data Output 2C. See description for SD2A.
SD1D
O
Serial Data Output 1D. See description for SD1A.
SD2D
O
Serial Data Output 2D. See description for SD2A.
SCLK
O
Serial Output Clock. Can be programmed to be at 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, or 1/16 times the clock frequency. The
polarity of SCLK is programmable.
SYNCA
O
Serial Data Output 1A sync signal. This signal is used to indicate the start of a data word and/or frame of
data. The polarity and position of SYNCA is programmable.
SYNCB
O
Serial Data Output 1B sync signal. This signal is used to indicate the start of a data word and/or frame of
data. The polarity and position of SYNCB is programmable.
SYNCC
O
Serial Data Output 1C sync signal. This signal is used to indicate the start of a data word and/or frame of
data. The polarity and position of SYNCC is programmable.
SYNCD
O
Serial Data Output 1D sync signal. This signal is used to indicate the start of a data word and/or frame of
data. The polarity and position of SYNCD is programmable.
OUTPUTS
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACE
P(15:0)
I/O
Microprocessor Interface Data bus. See “Microprocessor Interface” on page 29. P15 is the MSB.
ADD(2:0)
I
Microprocessor Interface Address bus. ADD2 is the MSB. See “Microprocessor Interface” on page 29.
Note: ADD2 is not used but designated for future expansion.
WR
or
DSTRB
I
Microprocessor Interface Write or Data Strobe Signal. When the Microprocessor Interface Mode Control,
μP MODE, is a low data transfers (from either P(15:0) to the internal write holding register or from the
internal write holding register to the target register specified) occur on the low to high transition of WR when
CE is asserted (low). When the μP MODE control is high this input functions as a data read/write strobe.
In this mode with RD/WR low data transfers (from either P(15:0) to the internal write holding register or
from the internal write holding register to the target register specified) occur on the low to high transition of
Data Strobe. With RD/WR high the data from the address specified is placed on P(15:0) when Data Strobe
is low. See “Microprocessor Interface” on page 29.
RD
or
RD/WR
I
Microprocessor Interface Read or Read/Write Signal. When the Microprocessor Interface Mode Control,
μP MODE, is a low the data from the address specified is placed on P(15:0) when RD is asserted (low)
and CE is asserted (low). When the μP MODE control is high this input functions as a Read/Write control
input. Data is read from P(15:0) when high or written to the appropriate register when low. See
“Microprocessor Interface” on page 29.
μP MODE
I
Microprocessor Interface Mode Control. This pin is used to select the Read/Write mode for the
Microprocessor Interface. Internally pulled down. See “Microprocessor Interface” on page 29.
CE
I
Microprocessor Interface Chip Select. Active low. This pin has the same timing as the address pins.
INTRPT
O
Microprocessor Interrupt Signal. Asserted for a programmable number of clock cycles when new data is
available on the selected Channel.
5
HSP50216
Functional Description
The HSP50216 is a four channel digital receiver integrated
circuit offering exceptional dynamic range and flexibility.
Each of the four channels consists of a front-end NCO,
digital mixer, and CIC-filter block and a back-end FIR, AGC
and Cartesian to polar coordinate-conversion block. The
parameters for the four channels are independently
programmable. Four parallel data input busses (A(15:0),
B(15:0), C(15:0) and D(15:0)) and four pairs of serial data
outputs (SDxA, SDxB, SDxC, and SDxD; x = 1 or 2) are
provided. Each input can be connected to any or all of the
internal signal processing channels, Channels 0, 1, 2 and 3.
The output of each channel can be routed to any of the serial
outputs. Outputs from more than one channel can be
multiplexed through a common output if the channels are
synchronized. The four channels share a common input
clock and a common serial output clock, but the output
sample rates can be synchronous or asynchronous. Bus
multiplexers between the front end and back end sections
provide flexible routing between channels for cascading
back-end filters or for routing one front end to multiple back
ends for polyphase filtering or systolic arrays (to provide
wider bandwidth filtering). A level detector is provided to
monitor the signal level on any of the parallel data input
busses, facilitating microprocessor control of gain blocks
prior to an A/D converter.
Each front end NCO/digital mixer/CIC filter section includes
a quadrature numerically controlled oscillator (NCO), digital
mixer, barrel shifter and a cascaded-integrator-comb filter
(CIC). The NCO has a 32-bit frequency control word for
16.3mHz tuning resolution at an input sample rate of
70MSPS. The SFDR of the NCO is >115dB. The barrel
shifter provides a gain of between 2-45 and 2-14 to prevent
overflow in the CIC. The CIC filter order is programmable
between 1 and 5 and the CIC decimation factor can be
programmed from 4 to 512 for 5th order, 2048 for 4th order,
32768 for 3rd order, or 65536 for 1st or 2nd order filters.
6
Each channel back end section includes an FIR processing
block, an AGC and a cartesian-to-polar coordinate
converter. The FIR processing block is a flexible filter
compute engine that can compute a single FIR or a set of
cascaded decimating filters. A single filter in a chain can
have up to 256 taps and the total number of taps in a set of
filters can be up to 384 provided that the decimation is
sufficient. The HSP50216 calculates 2 taps per clock (on
each channel) for symmetric filters, generally making
decimation the limiting factor for the number of taps
available. The filter compute engine supports a variety of
filter types including decimation, interpolation and
resampling filters. The coefficients for the programmable
digital filters are 22 bits wide. Coefficients are provided in
ROM for several halfband filter responses and for a
resampler. The AGC section can provide up to 96dB of
either fixed or automatic gain control. For automatic gain
control, two settling modes and two sets of loop gains are
provided. Separate attack and decay slew rates are provided
for each loop gain. Programmable limits allow the user to
select a gain range less than 96dB. The outputs of the
cartesian-to-polar coordinate conversion block, used by the
AGC loop, are also provided as outputs to the user for AM
and FM demodulation.
The HSP50216 supports both fixed and floating point
parallel data input modes. The floating point modes support
gain ranging A/D converters. Gated, interpolated and
multiplexed data input modes are supported. The serial data
output word width for each data type can be programmed to
one of ten output bit widths from 4-bit fixed point through 32bit IEEE 754 floating point.
The HSP50216 is programmed through a 16-bit
microprocessor interface. The output data can also be read
via the microprocessor interface for all channels that are
synchronized. The HSP50216 is specified to operate to a
maximum clock rate of 70MSPS over the industrial
temperature range (-40oC to 85oC). The power supply
voltage range is 3.3V ± 0.15V. The I/Os are not 5V tolerant.
HSP50216
Input Select/Format Block
TEST ENI
SELECT
(IWA *000 - 12
or GWA F804 - 12)
MUX
TESTENBIT
(IWA *000 - 11
or GWA F804 - 11)
TESTENSTRB
(GWA F808)
OFFSET BINARY
OR
TWO’s COMPLEMENT
(IWA *000 - 10
or GWA F804 - 10)
15:0
TESTEN
FLOATING POINT
TO
FIXED POINT
15:0
MUX
FORMAT
A(15:0)
ENIA
B(15:0)
C(15:0)
15:0
MUX
ENIB
11/3, 12/3,
FIXED POINT
13/3, 14/2
OR
(IWA *000 - 8:7
FLOATING POINT
or GWA F804 - 8:7)
(IWA *000 - 9
or GWA F804 - 9)
EN
MUX
μP TEST
REGISTER
(GWA F807 - 15:0)
EXTERNAL/TEST
SELECT
(IWA *000 - 15
or GWA F804 - 15)
R
E
G
15:0
PROGRAMMABLE
DELAY
ENI
ENIC
DATA
SAMPLE
ENABLE
D(15:0)
INPUT ENABLE HOLD OFF
(ENABLED BY SYNCI)
(GWA F802 - 30)
ENID
NOTE: ENI* SIGNALS
ARE ACTIVE HIGH
(INVERTED AT THE I/O PAD)
EXTERNAL DATA
INPUT SELECT
(IWA *000 - 14:13
or
GWA F804 - 14:13)
DATA
TO
NCO / MIXER
OR
LEVEL
DETECTOR
DE-MULTIPLEX
CONTROL (0-7)
(IWA *000 - 6:4
or GWA F8O4 - 6:4)
PN
ENABLE PN
(IWA *000 - 0)
CARRIER OFFSET
FREQUENCY (COF)
COF SYNC TO
CARRIER
NCO/MIXER
ENABLE
COF
(1WA *000 - 2)
Each front end block and the level detector block contains an
input select/format block. A functional block diagram is
provided in the above figure. The input source can be any of
the four parallel input busses (See Microprocessor Interface
section, Table 3, “CHANNEL INPUT SELECT/FORMAT
REGISTER (IWA = *000h),” on page 32 or a test register
loaded via the processor bus (see Microprocessor Interface
section, Table 42, “mP/TEST INPUT BUS REGISTER (GWA
= F807h),” on page 45).
The input to the part can operate in a gated or interpolated
mode. Each input channel has an input enable (ENIx, x = A,
B, C or D). In the gated mode, one input sample is
processed per clock that the ENIx signal is asserted (low).
Processing is disabled when ENIx is high. The ENIx signal is
pipelined through the part to minimize delay (latency). In the
interpolated mode, the input is zeroed when the ENIx signal
is high, but processing inside the part continues. This mode
7
PN TO
CARRIER
NCO/MIXER
COF TO
CARRIER
NCO/MIXER
COF SYNC
INTERPOLATED/GATED
MODE
(IWA *000 - 3
or GWA F804 - 3)
SOF TO
RESAMPLER
NCO
RESAMPLER
OFFSET FREQUENCY
(SOF)
SOF SYNC TO
RESAMPLER
NCO
SOF SYNC
ENABLE
SOF
(IWA *000 - 1)
inserts zeros between the data samples, interpolating the
input data stream up to the clock rate. On reset, the part is
set to gated mode and the input enables are disabled. The
inputs are enabled by the first SYNCI signal.
The input section can select one channel from a multiplexed
data stream of up to 8 channels. The input enable is delayed
by 0 to 7 clock cycles to enable a selection register. The
register following the selection register is enabled by the
non-delayed input enable to realign the processing of the
channels. The one-clock-wide input enable must align with
the data for the first channel. The desired channel is then
selected by programming the delay. A delay of zero selects
the first channel, a delay of 1 selects the second, etc.
HSP50216
bit 15 (MSB): 20, bit 14: 2-1, bit 13: 2-2, ..., bit 0: 2-15.
The parallel input busses are 16 bits wide. The input format
may be twos complement or offset binary format. A floating
point mode is also supported. The floating point modes and
the mapping of the parallel 16-bit input format is discussed
below.
For floating point modes, the least significant 2 or 3 bits are
used as exponent bits (See Floating Point Input Mode Bit
Mapping Tables). The difference between the four floating
point modes with three exponent bits is where the exponent
saturates.
Floating Point Input Mode Bit Mapping
The input bit weighting for fixed point inputs on busses A, B,
C, and D is:
Floating Point Input Mode Bit Mapping Tables
A(15:0), B(15:0), C(15:0) or D(15:0):
15
14
20
2-1
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13/(exp2)
(exp1)
(exp0)
11-BIT MODE: 11 to 13-BIT MANTISSA, 3-BIT EXPONENT, 30dB EXPONENT RANGE
EXPONENT
GAIN (dB)
PIN BIT WEIGHTING TO 16-BIT INPUT MAPPING
000
0
X15
X15
X15
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
001
6
X15
X15
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
010
12
X15
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
011
18
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
100
24
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
0
101 (Note 1)
30
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
0
0
NOTES:
1. Or 110 or 111, the exponent input saturates at 10.
2. “Xnn” = input A, B, C, or D bit nn.
12-BIT MODE: 12 to 13-BIT MANTISSA, 3-BIT EXPONENT, 24dB EXPONENT RANGE
EXPONENT
GAIN (dB)
PIN BIT WEIGHTING TO 16-BIT INPUT MAPPING
000
0
X15
X15
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
001
6
X15
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
010
12
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
011
18
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
0
100 (Note 3)
24
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
0
0
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
NOTE:
3. Or 101, 110, or 111, the exponent input saturates at 100.
13-BIT MODE: 13-BIT MANTISSA, 3-BIT EXPONENT, 18dB EXPONENT RANGE
EXPONENT
000
GAIN (dB)
PIN BIT WEIGHTING TO 16-BIT INPUT MAPPING
0
X15
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
001
6
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
010
12
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
0
011 (Note 4)
18
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
0
0
0
NOTE:
4. Or 100, 101, 110, or 111, the exponent input saturates at 011.
8
HSP50216
14-BIT MODE: 14-BIT MANTISSA, 2-BIT EXPONENT, 12dB EXPONENT RANGE
EXPONENT
GAIN (dB)
PIN BIT WEIGHTING TO 16-BIT INPUT MAPPING
00
0
X15
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
01
6
X15
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
0
10 (Note 5)
12
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
0
0
NOTE:
5. Or 11, the exponent input saturates at 10.
Level Detector
An input level detector is provided to monitor the signal level
on any of the input busses. Which input bus, the input format,
and the level detection type are programmable (see
Microprocessor Interface section, Table 39, “INPUT LEVEL
DETECTOR SOURCE SELECT/FORMAT REGISTER (GWA
= F804h),” on page 44, Table 40, “INPUT LEVEL DETECTOR
CONFIGURATION REGISTER (GWA = F805h),” on page 45
and Table 41, “INPUT LEVEL DETECTOR START STROBE
REGISTER (GWA = F806h),” on page 45). This signal level
represents the wideband signal from the A/D and is useful for
controlling gain / attenuation blocks ahead of the converter.
The supported monitoring modes are: integrated magnitude
(like the HSP50214 without the threshold), leaky integration
(Yn = Xn x A + Yn-1 x (1-A)) where A = 1, 2-8, 2-12, or 2-16
(see GWA = F805h), and peak detection. The measurement
interval can be programmed from 2 to 65537 samples (or
continuous for the leaky integrator and peak detect cases).
The output is 32 bits and is read via the μP interface.
NCO/Mixer
After the input select/format section, the samples are
multiplied by quadrature sine wave samples from the carrier
NCO. The NCO has a 32-bit frequency control, providing
sub-hertz resolution at the maximum clock rate. The
quadrature sinusoids have exceptional purity. The purity of
the NCO should not be the determining factor for the
receiver dynamic range performance. The phase
quantization to the sine/cosine generator is 24 bits and the
amplitude quantization is 19 bits.
The carrier NCO center frequency is loaded via the μP bus.
The center frequency control is double buffered - the input is
loaded into a center frequency holding register via the μP
interface. The data is then transferred from the holding register
to the active register by a write to a address IWA *006h or by a
SYNCI signal, if loading via SYNCI is enabled. To synchronize
multiple channels, the carrier NCO phase accumulator
feedback can be zeroed on loading to restart all of the NCOs at
the same phase. A serial offset frequency input is also available
for each channel through the D(15:0) parallel data input bus (if
that bus is not needed for data input). This is legacy support for
HSP50210 type tracking signals. See IWA=*000 and *004 for
carrier offset frequency parameters.
9
After the mixers, a PN (pseudonoise) signal can be added to
the data. This feature is provided for test and to digitally reduce
the input sensitivity and adjust the receiver range (sensitivity).
The effect is the same as increasing the noise figure of the
receiver, reducing its sensitivity and overall dynamic range. For
testing, the PN generator provides a wideband signal which
may be used to verify the frequency response of a filter. The
one bit PN data is scaled by a 16-bit programmable scale
factor. The overall range for the PN is 0 to 1/4 full scale (see
IWA = *001h). A gain of 0 disables the PN input. The PN value
is formed as
PN Value
2-3 2-4 .
S S S
X
X
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
X X X X X X X X X X X X
2-17 2-18
X
X
where S is the PN generator output bit (treated as a sign bit)
and the 16 X’s refer to the PN Gain Register IWA = *001h.
The minimum, non-zero, PN value is 2-18 of full scale
(-108dBFS) on each axis (-105dBFS total). For an input noise
level of -75dBFS, this allows the SNR to be decreased in
steps of 1/8dB or less. The I and Q PN codes are offset in time
to decorrelate them. The PN code is selected and enabled in
the test control register (F800h). The PN is added to the signal
after the mix with the three sign bits aligned with the most
significant three bits of the signal, so the maximum level is 12dBFS and the minimum, non-zero level is -108dBFS. The
PN code can be 215-1, 223-1 or 215-1 * 223-1.
HSP50216
CIC Filter
Next, the signal is filtered by a cascaded integrator/comb
(CIC) filter. A CIC filter is an efficient architecture for
decimation filtering. The power or magnitude squared
frequency response of the CIC filter is given by:
⎛
⎞ 2N
⎜ sin ( πMf )⎟
----------------------P(f) = ⎜
⎟
⎜ sin ⎛ πf
-----⎞ ⎟
⎝
⎝ R⎠ ⎠
where
M = Number of delays (1 for the HSP50216)
N = Number of stages
and R = Decimation factor.
The passband frequency response for 1st (N=1) though 5th
(N=5) order CIC filters is plotted in Figure 8. The frequency
axis is normalized to fS/R, making fS/R = 1 the CIC output
sample rate. Figure 10 shows the frequency response for a
5th order filter but extends the frequency axis to fS/R = 3 (3
times the CIC output sample rate) to show alias rejection for
the out of band signals. Figure 9 uses information from
Figure 10 to provide the amplitude of the first (strongest)
alias as a function of the signal frequency or bandwidth from
DC. For example, with a 5th order CIC and fS/R = 0.125
(signal frequency is 1/8 the CIC output rate) Figure 9 shows
a first alias level of about -87 dB. Figure 9 is also listed in
table form in Table 47.
10
The CIC filter order is programmable from 0 to 5. The
minimum decimation is 4. If the order is set to 0, there must
be at least 4 clocks between samples or the decimation
counter must be set to 4 to chose every 4th sample.
The integrator bit widths are 69, 62, 53, 44, and 34 for the 1st
through 5th stages, respectively, while the comb bit widths
are all 32. The integrators are sized for decimation factors of
up to 512 with 5 stages, 2048 with 4 stages, 32768 with 3
stages, and 65536 with 1 or 2 stages. Higher decimations in
the CIC should be avoided as they will cause integrator
overflow. In the HSP50216, the integrators are slightly
oversized to reduce the quantization noise at each stage.
HSP50216
Backend Data Routing
MAG: I
dphi/dt: Q
AGC
LOOP
FILTER
I1
Q1
PATH 0
MUX
GAIN
(4:0)
M
U
X
x1, x2
x4, x8
PATH 1
FILTER
COMPUTE
ENGINE
FROM
CIC
FIFO/
TIMER
AGC
MULT
CART
TO
POLAR
SHIFT
d/dt
PATH 2
M
U
X
MAG
PHASE
I2
Q2
EXT AGC
GAIN
DESTINATION BIT MAP
(BITS 28:18 OF FIR INSTRUCTIONS BIT FIELD)
28
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18
28
27
26, 25
24
23
22:18
AGC LOOP GAIN SELECT (PATH 01 ONLY)
UPDATE AGC LOOP (PATH 01 ONLY)
PATH 00 - - IMMEDIATE FILTER PROCESSOR FEEDBACK PATH
01 - - FIFO/AGC PATH
10 - - DIRECT OUT/CASCADE PATH
11 - - BOTH 00 AND 10 PATHS (FOR TEST)
STROBE OUTPUT SECTION (START SERIAL OUTPUT WITH THIS SAMPLE)
FEED MAG/PHASE BACK TO FILTER PROCESSOR
FILTER PROCESSOR SEQUENCE STEP NUMBER
A CIC filter has a gain of RN, where R is the decimation factor
and N is the number of stages. Because the CIC filter gain
can become very large with decimation, an attenuator is
provided ahead of the CIC to prevent overflow. The 24 bits of
sample data are placed on the low 24 bits of a 69 bit bus
(width of the first CIC integrator) for a gain of 2-45. A 32 bit
barrel shifter then provides a gain of 20 to 231 inclusive
before passing the data onto the CIC. The overall gain in the
pre-CIC attenuator can therefore be programmed to be any
one of 32 values from 2-45 to 2-14, inclusive (see IWA=*004,
bits 18:14). This shift factor is adjusted to keep the total
barrel shifter and CIC filter between 0.5 and 1.0. The
equation which should be used to compute the necessary
shift factor is:
Shift Factor = 45 - Ceiling(log2(RN)).
NOTE: With a CIC order of zero, the CIC shifter does not have
sufficient range to route more than 10 bits to the back end since the
maximum gain is 2-14 (the least significant 14 bits are lost).
11
Back End Section
One back-end processing section is provided per channel.
Each back end section consists of a filter compute engine, a
FIFO/timer for evenly spacing samples (important when
implementing interpolation filters and resamplers), an AGC
and a cartesian-to-polar coordinate conversion block. A
block diagram showing the major functional blocks and data
routing is shown above. The data input to the back end
section is through the filter compute engine. There are two
other inputs to the filter compute engine, they are a data
recirculation path for cascading filters and a magnitude and
dφ/dt feedback path for AM and FM filtering. There are seven
outputs from each back end processing section. These are I
and Q directly out of the filter compute engine (I2, Q2), I and
Q passed through the FIFO and AGC multipliers (I1, Q1),
magnitude (MAG), phase (or dφ/dt), and the AGC gain
control value (GAIN). The I2/Q2 outputs are used when
cascading back end stages. The routing of signals within the
back end processing section is controlled by the filter
compute engine. The routing information is embedded in the
instruction bit fields used to define the digital filter being
implemented in the filter compute engine.
HSP50216
Filter Compute Engine
1..-25
WITH RND
0..-23
M
U
X
IQ
R/dφ/dt
I
Q
RAM
384
WORDS
0..-23
I
Q
INMUX (1:0)
S
W
A
P
A
L
U
B
R
E
G
∑
S
H
F
T
A
A
L
U
B
RAMR/Wb
S
H
F
T
1..-23
A
S
W
A
P
DOWN SHIFT
0, 1, 2 PLACES
R
E
G
∑
R
E
G
9..-31
0..-23
L
I
M
I
T
R
E
G
L
I
M
I
T
R
E
G
M
U
X
M
U
X
0..-21
ADDRA (8:0)
The filter compute engine is a dual multiply-accumulator
(MAC) data path with a microcoded FIR sequencer. The filter
compute engine can implement a single FIR or a set of
filters. For example, the filter chain could include two
halfband filters, a shaping (matched) filter and a resampling
filter, all with different decimations. The following filter types
are currently supported by the architecture and microcode:
• Even symmetric with even # of taps decimation filters
• Even symmetric with odd # of taps decimation filters
(including HBFs)
• Odd symmetric with even # of taps decimation filters
• Odd symmetric with odd # of taps decimation filters
• Asymmetric decimation filters
• Complex filters
• Interpolation filters (up to interpolate by 4)
• Interpolation halfband filters
• Resampling filters (under resampler NCO control)
• Fixed resampling ratio filter (within the available number of
coefficients)
• Quadrature to real filtering (w/ fs/4 up conversion)
The input to the filter compute engine comes from one of
three sources - a CIC filter output (which can also be another
backend section), the output of the filter compute engine (fed
back to the input) or the magnitude and dφ/dt fed back from
the cartesian-to-polar coordinate converter.
12
OUTSEL
ENHR2
ENHR1
ENLIMIT
REGEN4
SHIFT (1:0)
ENFB, RNDSEL (2:0)
COEF (21:0), SHIFT (1:0)
COEF
QFUNCT
IFUNCT
IQSWAP
RAMBEN
RAMAEN
ADDRB (8:0)
NOTE: PIPELINE DELAYS
OMITTED FOR CLARITY
The number and size of the filters in the chain is limited by the
number of clock cycles available (determined by the
decimation) and by the data and coefficient RAM/ROM
resources. The data RAM is 384 words (I/Q pairs) deep. The
data addressing is modulo in power-of-2 blocks, so the
maximum filter size is 256. The block size and the block starting
memory address for each filter is programmable so that the
available memory can be used efficiently. The coefficient RAM
is 192 words deep. It is half the size of the data memory
because filter coefficients are typically symmetric. ROMs are
provided with halfband filter coefficients, resampling filter
coefficients, and constants. The filter compute engine exploits
symmetry where possible so that each MAC can compute two
filter taps per clock, by doing a pre-add before multiplying. In
the case of halfband filters, the zero-valued coefficients are
skipped for extra efficiency. There is an overhead of one clock
cycle per input sample for each filter in the chain (for writing the
data into the data RAM) and (except in special cases) a two
clock cycle overhead for the entire chain for program flow
control instructions.
The output of the filter compute engine is routed through a
FIFO in the main output path. The FIFO is provided to more
evenly space the FIR outputs when they are produced in bursts
(as when computing resampling or interpolation filters). The
FIFO is four samples deep. The FIFO is loaded by the output of
the filter when that path is selected. It is unloaded by a counter.
The spacing of the output samples is specified in clock periods.
The spacing can be set from 1 (fall through) to 4096 samples
HSP50216
(approximately the spacing for a 16KSPS output sample rate
when using 65MSPS clock) using IWA = *00Ah bits 11:0.
The number and order of the filtering in the filter chain is defined
by a FIR control program. The FIR control program is a
sequence of up to 32 instruction words. Each instruction word
can be a filter or program flow instruction. The filter instruction
defines a FIR in the chain, specifying the type of FIR, number of
taps, decimation, memory allocation, etc. For program flow, a
wait for input sample(s) instruction, a loop counter load, and
several jumps (conditional and unconditional) are provided. The
HSP50216 evaluation board includes software for automatically
generating FIR control programs for most filter requirements.
Examples of programs FIR control programs are given below.
The simplest filter program computes a single filter. It has
three instructions (see Sample Filter #1 Program Instructions
below):
rate to the FIR from the CIC filter would be 2.5MSPS. The
impulse response length would be 38 μsec (95 taps at
0.4μs/tap).
Each additional filter added to the signal processing chain
requires one instruction step. As an example of this, a typical
filter chain might consist of two decimate-by-2 halfband
filters being followed by a shaping filter with the final filter
being a resampling filter. The program for this case might be
(see Sample Filter Program #2 Program Instructions below):
SAMPLE FILTER #2 PROGRAM
STEP
0
Wait for enough input samples (usually equal to the
total decimation -- 8 in this case)
1
FIR
Type = even symmetry
15 taps
Halfband
Decimate by 2
Compute four outputs
Memory block size 32
Memory block start at 0
Coefficient block start at 13
Output to step 2
Decrement wait count
2
FIR
Type = even symmetry
23 taps
Halfband
Decimate by 2
Compute two outputs
Memory block size 32
Memory block start at 32
Coefficient block start at 24
Output to step 3
3
FIR
Type = even symmetry
95 taps
Decimate by 2
Compute one output
Memory block size 128
Memory block start at 64
Coefficient block start at 64
Step size 1
Output to step 4
4
FIR
Type = resampler
Increment NCO
6 taps
Compute one output
Memory block size 8
Memory block starts at 192
Coefficient block start at 512
Step size 32
Output to AGC
5
Jump, Unconditional, to 0
SAMPLE FILTER #1 PROGRAM
STEP
INSTRUCTION
0
Wait for enough input samples
(equal to the decimation factor)
1
FIR
Type = even symmetric
95 taps
Decimate by 2
Compute one output
Decrement wait counter
Memory block size 128
Memory block start at 64,
Coefficient block start at 64
Step size 1
Output to AGC
2
Jump, Unconditional, to step 0
The parameters of the FIR (including type, number of taps,
decimation and memory usage) are specified in the bit fields
of the step 1 instruction word. To change the filtering the only
other change needed is the number of samples in the wait
threshold register (IWA = *00C, bits 9:0). The filter in this
example requires 52 clock cycles to compute, allocated as
follows:
SAMPLE FILTER #1 CLOCK CYCLES CALCULATION
CLOCK
CYCLES
FUNCTION PERFORMED
48
Clocks for FIR computation (two taps/clock due to
symmetry)
2
Clocks for writing the input data into the data RAMs
(Decimate by 2 requires 2 inputs per output)
2
Clocks for the program flow instructions (wait and
jump)
52
Total
Using a 65MSPS clock, the output sample rate could be as
high as 65MSPS / 52 clocks = 1.25MSPS. The input sample
13
INSTRUCTION
HSP50216
Sample filter #2 requires:
SAMPLE FILTER #3 PROGRAM (Continued)
• 32 + 32 + 128 + 8 = 200 data RAM locations
• (95+1)/2=48 coefficient RAM location (resampler and
HBF coefficients are in ROM).
STEP
1
FIR
Type = even symmetry
19 taps
Halfband
Decimate by 2
Compute one output
Memory block size 32
Memory block start at 0
Coefficient block start at 18
Output to step 2
Reset wait count
2
FIR
Type = even symmetry
30 taps
Decimate by 1
Compute one output
Memory block size 64
Memory block start at 32
Coefficient block start at 64
Step size 1
Output to AGC
3
Jump, Unconditional, to 0
The number of clock cycles required to compute an output
for Sample filter #2 is calculated as follows:
SAMPLE FILTER #2 CLOCK CYCLES CALCULATION
CLOCK
CYCLES
FUNCTION PERFORMED
20
Halfband 1 compute clocks
(5 per compute x 4 computes)
8
Halfband 1 input sample writes (8 input samples)
14
Halfband 2 compute clocks
(7 per compute x 2 computes)
4
Halfband 2 input sample writes (4 input samples)
48
95 tap symmetric FIR, 2 clocks per tap
2
FIR input sample writes (2 input samples)
6
resampler (6 taps, nonsymmetric)
1
Resampler input sample write (1 input samples)
1
Jump instruction
1
Wait instruction
INSTRUCTION
The number of clock cycles required to compute an output
for Sample filter #3 is calculated as follows:
SAMPLE FILTER #3 CLOCK CYCLES CALCULATION
105
Clock cycles per output
CLOCK
CYCLES
FUNCTION PERFORMED
Total decimation is 8, so the input sample rate for the FIR
chain (CIC output rate) could be up to:
6
19 tap halfband, one output
2
halfband input writes (2 input samples)
fCLK/(ceil(105/8)) = fCLK/14.
15
30 tap symmetric FIR, 2 taps per clock
With a 65MHz clock, this would support a maximum input
sample rate to the FIR processor of 4.6MHz and an output
sample rate up to 0.580MHz. The shaping filter impulse
response length would be:
1
1 FIR input write
1
1 wait
1
1 jump
26
Clock cycles per output
(95 x 2)/580,000 = 82μs.
The maximum output sample rate is dependent on the
length and number of FIRs and their decimation factors.
Illustrating this concept with Filter Example #3, a higher
speed filter chain might be comprised of one 19 tap
decimate-by-2 halfband filter followed by a 30 tap shaping
FIR filter with no decimation. The program for this example
could be:
SAMPLE FILTER #3 PROGRAM
STEP
0
INSTRUCTION
Wait for enough input samples (2 in this case)
For Filter Example #3 and a 65MSPS input, the maximum
FIR input rate would be 65MSPS / ceil(26 / 2) = 5MSPS
giving a decimate-by-2 output sample rate of 2.5MSPS. At
70MSPS, the FIR could have up to 34 taps with the same
output rate.
Channels 0, 1, 2 and 3 can be combined in a polyphase
structure for increased bandwidth or improved filtering.
Filter Example #4 will be used to demonstrate this capability.
Symbol rate of 4.096 MSym. The desired output sample rate
is 8.192MSPS. Arrange the four back end sections as four
filters operating on the same CIC output at a rate of
65.536MHz/4=16.384MHz, where the factor of 4 is the CIC
decimation we have chosen.
Each channel computes the same sequence, offset by one
output sample from the previous sample (see IWA = *00Bh).
Each channel decimates down to 2.048M and then the
14
HSP50216
channels are multiplexed together in the output formatter to
get the desired 8.192MSPS. The input sample rate to the
final filter of each channel must meet Nyquist requirements
for the final output to assure that no information is lost due to
aliasing.
SAMPLE FILTER #4 PROGRAM
STEP
INSTRUCTION
0
Wait for enough input samples (8 in this case)
1
FIR
type = even symmetry
44 taps
decimate by 8
compute one output
memory block size 64
memory block start at 0
coefficient block start at 64
step size 1
output to AGC
offset memory read pointers by 0, -2, -4, -6
2
Jump, Unconditional, to 0
The number of FIR taps available for these requirements is
calculated as follows:
65536/2048 = 32 clocks
consisting of condition code selects, FIR parameters and
data routing controls. Not all of the instruction word bits are
used for all instruction types. The actual sequencer
instruction is only 9 bits. The rest of the bits are used for filter
parameters or for the loop counter preload. Each sequence
step is loaded in four 32-bit writes. The mapping of the bit
fields for the instruction types is shown in the instruction bit
field table that follows. These FIR instruction words can be
generated using software tools provided with the HSP50216
evaluation board.
When the filter is reset, the instruction pointer is set to 31
(the last instruction step). The read and write pointers are
initialized on reset, so a reset must be done when the
channel is initialized or restarted.
A fixed offset can be added to the starting read address of
one of the filters in the program. This function is provided to
offset the data reads of the filters in a polyphase filter bank -all filters in the bank will write the same data to the same
RAM location. To offset the computations the RAM read
address is offset. See IWA = *00Bh for details.
The instruction word bits (127:0) are assigned to memory
words as follows:
31:0 to destination C C C C 0 0 0 1 0 x x x x x 0 0
minus (8 writes + 1 wait + 1 jump = 10 clocks)
= 22 clocks
63:32 to destination C C C C 0 0 0 1 0 x x x x x 0 1
95:64 to destination C C C C 0 0 0 1 0 x x x x x 1 0
Therefore, the number of taps available is:
22 x 2 = 44 taps.
Multiplexing the four outputs gives a final output sample rate
of 8.192MSPS.
The impulse response is 44 taps at 16.384M or 22 output
samples (11 symbols at 4.096M).
The AGC loop filter output of channel 4 can be routed to
control the forward AGC gain control of all four channels.
This assures that the gains of the four back end sections are
the same. The gain error, however, is only computed from
every fourth output sample.
The back end processing sections of two or more HSP50216s
can be combined using the same polyphase approach, but
the AGC gain from one part cannot be shared with another
part (except via the μP interface), so polyphase filter using
multiple parts would typically usually use a fixed gain.
The filter sequencer is programmed via an instruction RAM
and several control registers. These are described below.
Instruction RAMs
The filter compute engine is controlled by a simple
sequencer supporting up to 32 steps. Each step can be a
filter or one of four sequence flow instructions - wait, jump
(conditional or unconditional), load loop counter, or NOP.
There are 128 bits per instruction word with each word
15
127:96 to destination C C C C 0 0 0 1 0 x x x x x 1 1
where CCCC is the channel number and xxxxx is the
instruction sequence step number (0 - 31 decimal). Note the
μPHold bit in the filter compute engine control register (IWA
= *00Ah) must be set for the microprocessor to read from or
write to the instruction or coefficient RAMs.
HSP50216
Filter Sequencer
FIR# - WRITE DESTINATION
NEW DATA, FIR #
INSTRUCTION RAM,
SEQUENCER
RESET
FIR# - COMPUTE
ALIAS
MASK
SYNC
READ
POINTER
REG
FILE
WRITE
POINTER
REG
FILE
FIR OUTPUT DESTINATION
THRESHOLD
DECREMENT 1
DECREMENT 2
DATA ADDRESS STEP SIZE
COMPUTE TO COMPUTE
WAIT
COUNTER
START ADDRESS
FIR TYPE
DATA
PATH
DATA PATH
CONTROL CONTROL SIGNALS
ROM
NUMBER OF OUTPUTS
TAPS/OUTPUT
LOOP
COUNTER
READS/TAP
LOOP
COUNTER
PRELOAD
INSTR/TAP
COMPUTE
COUNTERS
RAM ADDR BLOCK START
RAM ADDR BLOCK SIZE
RAM ADDR STEP SIZE 1
DATA RAM A
READ/WRITE
ADDRESS
RAM
ADDR
GEN
A
RAM ADDR STEP SIZE 2
FIR
PARAMETER RAM ADDR BLOCK TO BLOCK STEP
RAM
DATA RAM B
READ ADDRESS
RAM ADDR INITIAL OFFSET
RAM ADDR OFFSET STEP
RAM ADDR BLOCK TO BLOCK STEP
RAM
ADDR
GEN
B
ENABLE
OFFSET
COEF ADDR BLOCK START
COEF ADDR BLOCK SIZE
COEFFICIENT
READ ADDRESS
COEF ADDR SIZE PER TAP
ADDR STEP SIZE PER OUTPUT
RESAMPLER
NCO
16
ADDRESS OFFSET
COEF
ADDR
GEN
HSP50216
Instruction Bit Fields
INSTRUCTION BIT FIELDS
BIT
POSITIONS
FUNCTION
8:0
Instruction
DESCRIPTION
Instruction Field Bit Mapping
Bit
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WAIT
0
0
X
X
X
X
C
C
C
FIR
0
1
Start
IncrRS
DecrSel DecrEn
LdLp
DecrLp
EnU/C
JUMP
1
J
J
J
J
C
C
C
Type
J
(NOPs and loading the loop counter are special cases of the FIR instruction).
XXXX
JJJJJ
CCC
= ignored.
= jump destination (sequence step number).
= condition code.
000
= (waitcount ≥ threshold) -- See IWA = *00Ch, bits 9:0 for threshold details.
001
= waitcount ≥ threshold -- See IWA = *00Ch, bits 9:0 for threshold details.
010
= loop counter ≠ 0.
011
= loop counter = 0.
100
= RSCO Tab (RSCO - resampler NCO carry output).
101
= RSCO.
110
= sync (if enabled) or μP controlled bit.
111
= always.
Start
= load parameters and start filter computation, set to zero for no-ops, loop counter loads.
IncrRS
= increment resampler during this filter.
Increments on start or at each FIR output depending on μPcontrol bit.
DecrSel = selects between two decrement values for the wait counter.
14:9
FIR Type
DecrEn
= decrement wait count on starting this instruction.
LdLp
= load loop counter with the data in the I(20:9) bit field.
The start bit should not be set when this bit is set.
DecrLp
= decrement loop counter on starting this instruction.
EnU/C
= enable U/C counter with this FIR.
This multiplies the data by 1, j, -1, -j.
The multiplication factor changes each time the filter runs.
FIR Parameter Bit Fields
14:9
FIR type.
000000
NOP.
000001
Decimating FIR, Even Symmetric, Even # Taps.
000010
Decimating FIR, Even Symmetric, Odd # Taps.
000011
Decimating FIR, Odd Symmetric, Even # Taps.
000100
Decimating FIR, Odd Symmetric, Odd # Taps.
000101
Decimating FIR, Asymmetric.
001000
Resampling FIR, Asymmetric.
001001
Interpolating HBF.
100000
Decimating FIR, Complex (Asymmetric).
NOTES:
1. Regular interpolation FIRs are successive runs of a FIR with no data address increment, but with
coefficient start address increments.
2. Decimating HBFs are even symmetric, odd number of taps but with different data step sizes.
3. U/C FIR is a normal FIR with the U/C bit enabled.
4. Other codes may be added in the future.
17:15
Steps per FIR
17
Specifies the number of steps per FIR instruction sequence (load with value minus 1)
(set to 0 for all FIR types except complex which is set to 1).
HSP50216
INSTRUCTION BIT FIELDS (Continued)
BIT
POSITIONS
FUNCTION
28:18
Destination
DESCRIPTION
Destination Field Bit Mapping
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
AGCLFGN AGCLF
Path0
OS
FB
F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
Path1
AGCLFGNAGC loop gain select. Only applies to Path 1.
Loop gain 0 or 1 if AGCLF bit is set. Set to 0 (1 is a test mode for future chips).
AGCLF
AGC loop filter enable. Only applies to Path 1. The AGC loop is updated with the magnitude
of this sample (Path(1:0) = 01).
Path(1:0) Back End Data Routing Path Selection.
00Route output back to filter compute engine input to another FIR in the filter chain.
01Route output through the FIFO and AGC forward path to the cartesian-to-polar coordinate
converter conversion and output (I1, Q1, magnitude, phase, gain) and also to route to a discriminator (i.e., dφ/dt FIR).
10Route output directly to the output, bypassing the FIFO and AGC (I2, Q2). This path also
routes to next channel FIR input.
31:29
Round Select
OS
Enable output strobe. Setting this bit generates a data ready signal when the data reaches
the output section and starts the serial output sequence (paths 1, 2, 3). If OS is not set,
there will be no output to the outside world from this channel, for that output calculation, but
the data will be loaded into its output holding register (OS would not be set when routing the
data to another back end when cascading channels).
FB
Feedback data path. When set, the magnitude and dphi/dt from the cartesian-to-polar coordinate converter block are routed to the filter compute engine input (magnitude goes to the
I input and dphi/dt goes to the Q input). Provided for discriminator filtering.
F(4:0)
Filter select. For data recirculated to the input of the FIR processor by path 0 or from the cartesian to polar coordinate converter output, these bits tell which filter sequencer step gets it
as an input.
31:29
Round Select (Add rounding bit at specified location).
000
2-24, use this code when downshifting is not used.
001
2-23
010
2-22
011
2-21
100
2-20
101
2-19
110
2-18
111
no rounding.
Provided for use with the coefficient down-shift bits.
41:32
Data Memory
Block Start
Memory block base address, 0-1023, 0-383 are valid for the HSP50216.
44:42
Data Memory
Block Size
44:42
Block Size.
0
8
1
16
2
32
3
64
4
128
5
256
6
512
7
1024
(modulo addressing is used).
52:45
Data Memory
Block-to-Block Step
18
0-255, usually equal to the decimation factor for the FIR in this instruction.
HSP50216
INSTRUCTION BIT FIELDS (Continued)
BIT
POSITIONS
FUNCTION
62:53
Coefficient Memory
Block Start
63
Reserved
66:64
Coefficient Memory
Block Size
DESCRIPTION
Memory base address of coefficients, 0-1023, 0-511 are valid on the HSP50216.
Set to 0.
66:64 Memory Block Size
0
8
1
16
2
32
3
64
4
128
5
256
6
512
7
1024
(Modulo addressing can be used, but is usually not needed. If not needed this bit field can always be set
to 7).
75:67
Number of FIR
Outputs
Number of FIR outputs (range is 1 to 512, load w/ desired value minus 1).
This is usually equal to the total decimation that follows the filter.
84:76
Read Address
Pointer Step
Read address pointer step (for next run). This is usually equal to the filter decimation times the number
of outputs from the instruction.
93:85
Initial Address Offset
95:94
Reserved
104:96
Memory Reads Per
FIR Output
Initial address offset (to ADDRB). This is the offset from the start address to other end of filter.
For symmetric filters, usually equal to -1 x (number of taps -1).
Set to 0
This is based on the number of taps (load with value below minus 1).
Type
Value
Symmetric
even number of taps(taps/2) or floor((taps+1)/2).
Symmetric
odd number of taps (taps+1)/2 or floor((taps+1)/2).
Decimating HBF
(taps+5)/4.
Asymmetric
taps.
Complex
taps.
Resampling
taps/phase (six taps per phase for the ROM’d coefficients provided).
Interpolating HBF
(taps+5)/4-1.
106:105
Clocks Per
Memory Read
Set to 0 for all but complex FIR, which is set to 1.
115:107
Data Memory
Step Size 1
(ADDRA) Step size for all but the last tap computation of the FIR.
Set to -2 for HBF, -1 otherwise.
117:116
Data Memory
Step Size 2
(ADDRA) Step size for last tap computation. Set to -1.
117:116
Step size
119:118
Data Memory
Address Offset Step
19
0
0
1
-1
2
-2
3
step size value.
(ADDRB) Step size for opposite end of symmetric filter. Set to +2 for Decimating HBF, to +1 for others
(the B data is not used for asymmetric, resampling, and complex filters).
HSP50216
INSTRUCTION BIT FIELDS (Continued)
BIT
POSITIONS
122:120
125:123
127:126
FUNCTION
Coefficient Memory
Step Size
Coefficient Memory
Block-to-Block Step
Reserved
DESCRIPTION
(ADDRC) Usually set to 1.
122:120
Step size
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
8
5
16
6
32
7
64
(ADDRC) Usually set to 0.
125:123
Step size
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
8
5
16
6
32
7
64
Set to 0
Basic Instruction Set Examples
1. Wait for number of input samples > threshold
127:9 = 0
8:0 = 001
0000,0000,0000,0001h
2. Jump unconditional
127:9 = 0
8:0 = 1JJJJJ111b
example: jump to step 0= 0000,0000,0000,0107h
3. Jump RSCO (jump on resampler NCO carry output)
127:9 = 0
8:0 = 1JJJJJ101b
example: jump RSCO, step 0= 0000,0000,0000,0105h
4. Jump RSCO (jump on no resampler NCO carry output)
127:9 = 0
8:0 = 1JJJJJ100b
example: jump RSCO, step 0 = 0000,0000,0000,0104h
5. NOP single clock
127:9 = 0
8:0 = 010000000b
NOP1 = 0000,0000,0000,0080h
6. Load Loop Counter
127:21 = 0
20:9 = Loop counter preload (tested against 0)
8:0 = 010000100b
example: LdLpCntr 14 = 0000,0000,0000,1C84h
20
HSP50216
Single FIR Basic Program
This is the basic program for a single FIR. This program applies to decimation filters (including DECx1) that are symmetric or
asymmetric (but not complex). The FIR output is routed through path A with the AGC enabled.
0 - WAIT FOR ENOUGH SAMPLES
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
127:96
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
95:64
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
64:32
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
31:0
00000001h
0000
0001
0101
1111
1111
100R
RRRR
RRRR
127:96
015FF---h
00TT
TTTT
TTTD
DDDD
DDDD
0000
0000
0111
95:64
-----007h
0000
1000
0000
0000
0000
1010
0000
0000
63:32
08000A00h
0000
1011
0000
0000
0FFF
FFF0
1100
1000
31:0
0B00--C8h
1 - FIR
2 - JUMP TO STEP 0
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
127:96
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
95:64
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
64:32
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0000
0111
31:0
00000107h
Four bit fields must be filled in:
F - filter type (this example applies to types 1-5)
D - decimation (also loaded into wait threshold)
T - number of taps minus 1
R - clocks/calculation (=floor((taps+1)/2) for symmetric, = taps for asymmetric)
The rest of the instruction RAM would typically be filled with NOP instructions:
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
127:96
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
95:64
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
64:32
00000000h
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
1000
0000
31:0
00000080h
Wait Preload Register
This register (IWA register *00Ch) holds the wait counter
threshold and two wait counter decrement values. Each is
10 bits. The wait counter counts filter input samples until the
count is greater than or equal to the threshold. The wait
counter then asserts a flag to the filter compute engine.
The wait counter threshold is typically set to the total number
of input samples needed to generate a filter output. A “WAIT”
instruction in the filter compute engine waits for the wait
counter flag signal before proceeding. The filter compute
engine would then compute all the filters needed to produce
an output and then would jump back to the “WAIT”
instruction.
The wait counter is implemented with an accumulator. This
allows the count to go beyond the threshold without losing
the sample count. Two bits in the FIR instruction decrement
the wait counter (subtract a value) and select the decrement
value. The decrement value is typically the number of
samples needed for an output (total decimation), though it
21
can be a different value to ignore inputs and shift the timing.
(The read pointer increment must be adjusted as well.)
The filter compute engine sequencer does not count each
input sample or track whether each filter is ready to run.
Instead, the wait counter is used to determine whether there
are enough input samples to compute all the filters in the
chain and get an output sample from the entire filter chain.
This adds some additional delay since intermediate results
are not precalculated, but it simplifies the filter control. The
number of samples needed is equal to the total decimation
of the filter chain. For example, with two decimate-by-2
halfband filters and a decimate-by-2 shaping FIR, the total
decimation would be 8 so 8 samples are needed to compute
an output. HBF1 would compute four times to generate four
inputs to HBF2. HBF2 would compute twice to generate the
two samples that the shaping FIR needs to compute an
output.
HSP50216
Resampler
The resampler is an NCO controlled polyphase filter that allows
the output sample rate to have a non-integer relationship to the
input sample rate. The filter engine can be viewed conceptually
as a fixed interpolate-by-32 filter, followed by an NCO controlled
decimator. The Resampler NCO is similar to the carrier NCO
phase accumulator but does not include the SIN/COS section.
It provides the resampler output pulse and associated phase
information to logic that determines the nearest of the 32
available phase points for a given output sample.
The center frequency (output sample rate) control is double
buffered, i.e., the control word is written to one register via the
microprocessor interface and then transferred to another
(active) register on a write to the timing NCO center frequency
update strobe location (IWA register *009h) or on a SYNCI (if
enabled). As it is not possible to represent some frequencies
exactly with an NCO and therefore, phase error accumulates
eventually causing a bit slip, the phase accumulator length
has been sized to where the error is insignificant. At a
resampler input rate of 1MHz, half an LSB of error in loading
the 56-bit accumulator is 7*10-12 degrees. After 1 year, the
accumulated phase error is only 0.2*10-3 of a bit (< 1/10 of a
degree). The NCO update by the filter compute engine is
typically at the resampler's input rate, and is enabled by the
IncrRS bit in the filter instruction word. The NCO then rolls
over at a fraction of the resampler input rate. The output
sample rate is (fIN/ 256)*N, where fIN is the resampler input
rate and N is the phase accumulated per resampler input
sample. N must be between 40000000000000h and
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFh corresponding to decimations from 4 to
(1 + 2-56), respectively. Generally, however, a range of
80000000000000h to FFFFFFFFFFFFFFh (providing
decimation from 2 to (1 + 2-56), respectively) is sufficient for
most applications since integer decimation can be done more
efficiently in the preceding CIC and halfband filters. The
resampler changes the sample rate by computing an output at
each input which causes the NCO to roll over. If an output is to
be computed, the nearest of the 32 available points from the
polyphase structure is used. Because outputs are generated
only on input samples which cause an NCO roll over, output
samples will in general not be evenly spaced. The
FIFO/TIMER block between the filter compute engine and the
AGC is provided to improve output sample spacing for
presentation to the serial data output formatter section (see
IWA=*00Ah bits 11:0 description). If D/A converted directly,
there would be artifacts from the uneven sample spacing, but
if the samples are stored and reconstructed at the proper rate
(the NCO rollover rate), the signal would have only the
distortion produced by interpolation image leakage and the
time quantization (phase jitter) due to the finite number of
interpolation filter phases.
The polyphase filter has 192 coefficients implemented as 32
phases, each of which having 6 taps (6 x 32 = 192). These
coefficients are provided in Table 50. The stopband
22
attenuation of the filter is greater than 60dB, as shown in
Figures 13 - 15. The signal to total image power ratio is
approximately 55dB, due to the aliasing of the interpolation
images. If the output is at least 2x the baud rate, the 32
interpolation phases yield an effective sample rate of 64x the
baud rate or approximately 1.5% (1/64 resampler input
sample period) maximum timing error.
AGC
The AGC Section provides gain to small signals, after the
large signals and out-of-band noise have been filtered out, to
ensure that small signals have sufficient bit resolution in the
output formatter. The AGC can also be used to manually set
the gain. The AGC optimizes the bit resolution for a variety
of input amplitude signal levels. The AGC loop automatically
adds gain to bring small signals from the lower bits of the 24bit programmable FIR filter output into the range of 20-bit
and shorter words in the output section. Without gain control,
a signal at -72dBFS = 20log 10 (2 -12 ) at the input would
have only 4 bits of resolution at the output if a 16 bit word
length were to be used (12 bits less than the full scale 16
bits). The potential increase in the bit resolution due to
processing gain of the filters can be lost without the use of
the AGC.
Figure 1 shows the Block Diagram for the AGC Section. The
FIR filter data output is routed to the Cartesian to polar
coordinate converter after passing through the AGC
multipliers and shift registers. The magnitude output of the
Cartesian to polar coordinate converter is routed through the
AGC error detector, the AGC error scaler and into the AGC
loop filter. This filtered error term is used to drive the AGC
multiplier and shifters, completing the AGC control loop.
The AGC multiplier / shifter portion of the AGC is identified in
Figure 1. The gain control from the AGC loop filter is
sampled when new data enters the multiplier / shifter. The
limit detector detects overflow in the shifter or the multiplier
and saturates the output of I and Q data paths
independently. The shifter has a gain from 0 to 90.31dB in
6.021dB steps, where 90.31dB = 20log 10 (2 N ) when N =
15. The mantissa provides up to an additional 6.02dB of
gain. The gain in dB from the mantissa is:
20log 10 [1+(X)2 -14], where X is the fractional part of the
mantissa interpreted as an unsigned integer ranging from 0
to 214 - 1.
Thus, the AGC multiplier / shifter transfer function is
expressed as:
AGC Mult/Shift Gain = 2N [1+ (X)2-14]
where N, the shifter exponent, has a range of 0<N<15 and X,
the mantissa, has a range of 0<X<(2 14 -1).
HSP50216
AGC LOOP FILTER
AGC
ERROR
DETECTOR
AGC ERROR SCALING
μP
μP
(11 MANTISSA
4 EXPONENT)
SHIFT
M
U
X
28
+
16
MANTISSA
4
4
EXP
Δ
MSB = 0
LIMIT
DET
AGCGNSEL
4
EXP=2NNNN
EXP †
MAN †
LOOP GAIN 1
AGC REGISTER 1
EXP †
AGC REGISTER 0
18
MAN †
UPPER LIMIT †
LOWER LIMIT †
LOOP GAIN 0
EN AGC
LOAD
UNSIGNED †
THRESHOLD
STT.TTTTTTTTTTTTT
(S = 0)
16
MSB = 0
LIMITER
19
REGISTER
SERIAL
OUT
REGISTER
(RANGE = -2.18344 TO 2.18344)
16 MANTISSA =
01.XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MAGNITUDE
(RANGE = 0 TO 2.32887)
LIMIT
DET
16
24
IFIR
LIMITER
SHIFTER
(RANGE = 0 TO 1)
24
24
IAGC
CARTESIAN
TO
POLAR
COORDINATE
CONVERTER
(G = 1.64676)
SHIFTER
LIMIT
DET
24
LIMITER
24
QFIR
24
QAGC
AGC MULTIPLIER/SHIFTER
† Controlled via microprocessor interface.
FIGURE 1. AGC FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
In dB, this can be expressed as:
(AGC Mult/Shift Gain)dB = 20 log10(2N[1 + (X)2-14])
The full AGC range of the multiplier / shifter is from 0 dB to
20log 10 [1+(2 14 -1)2 -14 ] + 20log 10 [2 15 ] = 96.329 dB.
The 16 bit resolution of the mantissa provides a theoretical
AM modulation level of -96dBc (depending on loop gain,
settling mode and SNR). This effectively eliminates AM
spurious caused by the AGC resolution.
The Cartesian to polar coordinate converter accepts I and Q
data and generates magnitude and phase data. The
magnitude output is determined by the equation:
2
r = 1.64676 I + Q
2
23
where the magnitude limits are determined by the maximum
I and Q signal levels into the Cartesian to polar converter.
Taking fractional 2's complement representation, magnitude
ranges from 0 to 2.329, where the maximum output is
2
r = 1.64676 1 + 1
2
= 1.64676x1.414 = 2.329
The AGC loop feedback path consists of an error detector,
error scaling, and an AGC loop filter. The error detector
subtracts the magnitude output of the coordinate converter
from the programmable AGC THRESHOLD value. The AGC
THRESHOLD value is set in IWA register *012h and is equal
to 1.64676 times the desired magnitude of the I1/Q1 output.
Note that the MSB is always zero. The range of the AGC
THRESHOLD value is 0 to +3.9999. The AGC Error
Detector output has the identical range.
HSP50216
The loop gain register values adjust the response / settling
time of the AGC loop. The loop gain is set in the AGC Error
Scaling circuitry, using four values in two sets of
programmable mantissa and exponent pairs (see IWA
register *010h). Each set has both an attack and a decay
gain. This allows asymmetric adjustment for applications
such as VOX systems where the signal turns on and off. In
these applications, the gains would be set for fast attack and
slow decay so that the part decreases the gain quickly when
the signal turns on, but increases the gain slowly when the
signal turns off (in anticipation of it turning back on shortly).
For fixed gains, either set the upper and lower AGC limits to
the same value, or set the limits to minimum and maximum
gains and set the AGC attack and decay loop gains to zero.
The mantissa, M, is a 4-bit value which weights the loop filter
input from 0.0 to 15 / 24 = 0.9375. The exponent, E, defines
a shift factor that provides additional weighting from 2 0 to
2-15. Together the mantissa and exponent define the loop
gain as given by,
AGC Loop Gain = MLG 2-4 2-(15-ELG)
where M LG is a 4-bit binary mantissa value ranging from 0
to 15, and E LG is a 4-bit binary exponent value ranging from
0 to 15. The composite (shifter and multiplier) AGC scaling
Gain range is from 0.0000 to 2.329(0.9375)2 0 = 0.0000 to
2.18344. The scaled gain error can range (depending on
threshold) from 0 to 2.18344, which maps to a “gain change
per sample” range of 0 to 3.275dB / sample.
The AGC attack and decay gain mantissa and exponent values
for loop gains 0 and 1 are programmed into IWA register *010h.
The PDC provides for the storing of two values of AGC attack
and decay scaling gains to allow for quick adjustment of the
loop gain by simply setting IWA register *013h bits 9 and 10
accordingly. Possible applications include acquisition / tracking,
no burst present / burst present, strong signal / weak signal,
track / hold, or fast / slow AGC values.
The AGC loop filter consists of an accumulator with a built in
limiting function. The maximum and minimum AGC gain
limits are provided to keep the gain within a specified range
and are programmed by 16-bit upper and lower limits using
the following the equation:
AGC Gain Limit = (1 + mAGC 2-12) 2e
(AGC Gain Limit)dB = (6.02)(eeee) + 20 log(1.0+0.mmmm
mmmm mmmm)
where m is a 12-bit mantissa value between 0 and 4095, and
e is the 4-bit exponent ranging from 0 to 15. IWA register
*011h Bits 31:16 are used for programming the upper limit,
while bits 15:0 are used to program the lower limit. The
format for these limit values are:
(31:16) or (15:0): E E E E M M M M M M M M M M M M
for a gain of 0 1. M M M M M M M M M M M M * 2 E E E E
24
and the possible range of AGC limits from the previous
equations is 0 to 96.328dB. The bit weightings for the AGC
Loop Feedback elements are detailed in Table 51.
Using AGC loop gain, the AGC range, and expected error
detector output, the gain adjustments per output sample for
the loop filter section of the digital AGC can be given by
AGC Slew Rate = (1.5 dB) (THRESHOLD - (MAG *
1.64676)) x (MLG) (2-4) (2-(15 - ELG))
The loop gain determines the growth rate of the sum in the
loop accumulator which, in turn, determines how quickly the
AGC gain scales the output to the threshold value. Since the
log of the gain response is roughly linear, the loop response
can be approximated by multiplying the maximum AGC gain
error by the loop gain. The expected range for the AGC rate
is ~ 0.000106 to 3.275dB / output sample time for a
threshold of 1/2 scale. For a full scale error, the minimum
non-zero AGC slew rate would be approximately 0.0002dB /
output or 20dB / sec at 100ksps. The maximum gain would
be 6dB / output. This much gain, however, would probably
result in significant AM on the output.
The maximum AGC Response is given by:
AGC ResponseMax = (Input)(Cart/Polar Gain)(Error Det.
Gain)(AGC Loop Gain)(AGC Output Weighting)
Since the AGC error is scaled to adjust the gain, the loop
settles asymptotically to its final value. The loop settles to
the mean of the signal. For example, if MLG = 0101 and
ELG = 1100, the AGC Loop Gain = 0.3125 * 2 -7. The loop
gain mantissas and exponents are set in IWA register *010h,
with IWA register *013h selecting loop gain 0 or 1 and the
settling mode.
In the HSP50216, a SYNCI signal will clear the AGC loop
filter accumulator if GWA register F802h bit 27 is set.
The settling mode of the AGC forces either the mean or the
median of the signal magnitude error to zero, as selected by
IWA register *013h bit 8. For mean mode, the gain error is
scaled and used to adjust the gain up or down. This
proportional scaling mode causes the AGC to settle to the
final gain value asymptotically. This AGC settling mode is
preferred in many applications because the loop gain
adjustments get smaller and smaller as the loop settles,
reducing any AM distortion caused by the AGC.
With this AGC settling mode, the proportional gain error
causes the loop to settle more slowly if the threshold is
small. This is because the maximum value of the threshold
minus the magnitude is smaller. Also, the settling can be
asymmetric, where the loop may settle faster for “over
range” signals than for “under range” signals (or vice versa).
In some applications, such as burst signals or TDMA signals,
a very fast settling time and/or a more predictable settling
time is desired. The AGC may be turned off or slowed down
after an initial AGC settling period.
HSP50216
The median mode minimizes the settling time. This mode
uses a fixed gain adjustment with only the direction of the
adjustment controlled by the gain error. This makes the
settling time independent of the signal level.
TABLE 1. MAG/PHASE BIT WEIGHTING
MAGNITUDE
23 (MSB)
22
180
22
21
90
21
20
45
20
2-1
22.5
19
2-2
11.25
18
2-3
5.625
17
2-4
2.8125
16
2-5
1.40625
15
2-6
0.703125
14
2-7
0.3515625
13
2-8
0.17578125
12
2-9
0.087890625
11
2-10
0.043945312
10
2-11
0.021972656
9
2-12
0.010986328
8
2-13
0.005483164
7
2-14
0.002741582
6
2-15
0.001370791
5
2-16
0.0006853955
4
2-17
0.00034269775
3
2-18
0.00017134887
2
2-19
0.00008567444
1
2-20
0.00004283722
0 (LSB)
2-21
0.00002141861
For example, if the loop is set to adjust 0.5dB per output
sample, the loop gain can slew up or down by 16dB in 16
symbol times, assuming a 2 samples per symbol output
sample rate. This is called a median settling mode because
the loop settles to where there is an equal number of
magnitude samples above and below the threshold. The
disadvantage of this mode is that the loop will have a wander
(dither) equal to the programmed step size. For this reason,
it is advisable to set one loop gain for fast settling at the
beginning of the burst and the second loop gain for small
adjustments during tracking.
In the median mode, the maximum gain step is
approximately 3dB / output. The step is fixed (it does not
decrease as the error decreases) so a large gain will cause
AM on the output at least that large. The gain should be
lowered after the settling. The fixed gain step is set by the
programmable AGC loop gain register IWA *010h.
For median mode, The AGC gain limits register sets the
minimum and maximum limits on the AGC gain. The total
AGC gain range is 96dB, but only a portion of the range
should be needed for most applications. For example, with a
16-bit output to a processor, the 16 bits may be sufficient for
all but 24dB of the total input range possible. The AGC
would only need to have a range of 24dB. This allows faster
settling and the AGC would be at its maximum gain limit
except when a high power signal was received. The AGC
may be disabled by setting both limits to the same value.
The median settling mode is enabled by setting IWA register
*013h bit 8 to 0 while the mean loop settling mode is
selected by setting bit 8 to 1.
Cartesian to Polar Converter
The Cartesian to Polar converter computes the magnitude
and phase of the I/Q vector. The I and Q inputs are 24 bits.
The converter phase output is 24 bits, MSB’s routed to the
output formatter and all 24 bits routed to the frequency
discriminator. The 24-bit output phase can be interpreted
either as two’s complement (-0.5 to approximately 0.5) or
unsigned (0.0 to approximately 1.0), as shown in Figure 2.
The phase conversion gain is 1/2π. The phase resolution is
24 bits. The 24-bit magnitude is unsigned binary format with
a range from 0 to 2.32. The magnitude conversion gain is
1.64676. The magnitude resolution is 24 bits. The MSB is
always zero.
Table 1 details the phase and magnitude weighting for the 16
bits output from the PDC.
25
PHASE (o)
BIT
π/2
400000 3fffff
+π/2
400000 3ff fff
Q
7fffff
±π
800000
I 000000
0
ffffff
bfffff c00000
-π/2
Q
7fffff
π
800000
I
000000
0
ffffff
bfffff c00000
3π/2
FIGURE 2. PHASE BIT MAPPING OF COORDINATE
CONVERTER OUTPUT
The magnitude and phase computation requires 17 clocks
for full precision. At the end of the 17 clocks, the magnitude
and phase are latched into a register to be held for the next
stage, either the output formatter or frequency discriminator.
If a new input sample arrives before the end of the 17 cycles,
the results of the computations up until that time, are
latched. This latching means that an increase in speed
causes only a decrease in resolution. Table 2 details the
exact resolution that can be obtained with a fixed number of
clock cycles up to the required 17. The input magnitude and
phase errors induced by normal SNR values will almost
always be worse than the Cartesian to Polar conversion.
HSP50216
TABLE 2. MAG/PHASE ACCURACY vs CLOCK CYCLES
†
CLOCKS
MAGNITUDE
ERROR
(% fS)
PHASE
ERROR
(DEG.)†
PHASE
ERROR
(% fS)
6
0.065
3.5
2
7
0.016
1.8
1
8
0.004
0.9
0.5
9
<0.004
0.45
0.25
10
<0.004
0.22
0.12
11
<0.004
0.11
0.062
12
<0.004
0.056
0.03
13
<0.004
0.028
0.016
14
<0.004
0.014
0.008
15
<0.004
0.007
0.004
16
<0.004
0.0035
0.002
17
<0.004
0.00175
0.001
Assumes ±180o = fS.
The enable signal for gating data into the coordinate
converter is either the AGC data ready signal or the
resampler data ready signal. If the resampler is bypassed,
the AGC data ready signal is used and there is a delay of 6
clock cycles between the FIR data being ready and the
coordinate converter block sampling it. If the resampler is
enabled, its data ready signal will be delayed by 6 clocks (for
the AGC) plus the compute delay of the resampler block.
This may cause the I/Q to |r|/θ output sample alignment to
shift with the decimation. For this reason, it is recommended
that the resampler/halfband filter block be bypassed when
using this new data path.
26
HSP50216
Serial Data Output Formatter Section
OUTPUT SECTION
&
ZERO
FIXED
TO
FLOAT
I1
Q1
MAG
PHASE
I2
M
U
X
R
E
G
M
U
X
PARALLEL
TO
SERIAL
& O
& R
SD1x
&
ROUND
&
SEQUENCER
1
Q2
SYNC
GEN
GAIN
& O
& R
SYNCx
&
DELAY
STROBE
&
ZERO
M
U
X
ROUND
PARALLEL
TO
SERIAL
& O
& R
SD2x
&
SEQUENCER
2
M
U
X
16
TO μP
INTERFACE
NOTE: Each serial output has 7 time slots. Each slot can contain I1, Q1, I2, Q2, Mag, phase or dφ/dt. AGC gain, or zeros. Each slot can be 4, 6, 8,
10, 12, 16, 20, 24, or 32 (24 + 8 zeros) bits or disabled. Output 1 can also be 32-bit floating point. Slots can be disabled. A disabled slot will be one
clock wide if there are other active slots following. A sync can be asserted with any or all slots following. A sync can be asserted with any or all slots
in output 1. The serial output can be delayed from 0 to 4095 serial clock periods from the input strobe. The serial outputs are always MSB first. The
sync position applies to all time slots and can be one clock prior to the first data bit, aligned with the first data bit, or one clock after the last data bit.
Serial Data Output Control Register
The serial data output control register contains sync position
and polarity (SYNCA, B, C or D), channel multiplexing, and
scaling controls for the SD1x and SD2x (x = A, B, C or D)
serial outputs (see Microprocessor Interface section,
Table 23, “SERIAL DATA OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER
(IWA = *014h),” on page 37).
Channel Routing Mask
The multiplexing mask bits for each channel (see
Microprocessor Interface section, Table 23, IWA *014h bits
19:16 for SD1x or bits 15:12 for SD2x) can be used to
enable that channel’s output to any of the four serial outputs.
These bits control the AND gates that mask off the channels,
so a zero disables the channel’s connection to that output.
27
To configure more than one channel's output onto a serial
data output, the SD1 serial outputs and syncs from each
channel (0,1, 2 and 3) are brought to each of the SD1 serial
output sections and the SD2 serial outputs are brought to
each of the SD2 serial output sections (the syncs are only
associated with the SD1 serial outputs). There, the four
outputs are AND-ed with the multiplexing mask programmed
in the serial data output control registers of channels
0 through 3 and OR-ed together. By gating off the channels
that are not wanted and delaying the data from each desired
channel appropriately, the channels can be multiplexed into
a common serial output stream. It should be noted that in
order to multiplex multiple channels onto a single serial data
stream the channels to be multiplexed must be synchronous.
HSP50216
Serial Data Output Time Slot Content/Format
Registers
These four registers are used to program the content and
format of the serial data output sequence time slots (see
Microprocessor Interface section:
Table 24, “SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 1 CONTENT/FORMAT
REGISTER 1 (IWA = *015h),” on page 39 through
Table 27, “SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 2 CONTENT/FORMAT
REGISTER 2 (IWA = *018h),” on page 40). There are seven
data time slots that make up a serial data output stream. The
number of data bits and data format of each slot is
programmable as well as whether there will be a sync
generated with the time slot (the syncs are only associated
with the SD1 serial outputs). Any of seven types of data or
zeros can be chosen for each time slot. Eight bits are used
to specify the content and format of each slot.
As an example, suppose we wanted to output 32-bit I and Q
values from channels 0 and 1 into the SD1A serial data
output stream, we would program the following settings in
the channel’s serial data output control and content/format
registers:
Channel 0:
delay = 0 (IWA = 0014h, bits 11:0 = 0);
first data time slot = I, 32-bit, sync pulse generated (IWA =
0015h, bits 7:0 = 0xC9);
second data time slot = Q, 32-bit, no sync pulse (IWA =
0015h, bits 15:8 = 0x4A);
third through seventh data time slot = zero and no sync,
(IWA = 0015h, bits 31:16 = 0 and IWA = 0016h, bits 31:0 =
0);
enable the SD1A serial output for this channel in the serial
routing mask (IWA = 0014h, bit 16 = 1).
28
Channel 1:
delay = 64 (IWA = 1014h, bits 11:0 = 0x40);
first data time slot = I, 32-bit, sync pulse generated (IWA =
1015h, bits 7:0 = 0xC9);
second data time slot = Q, 32-bit, no sync pulse (IWA =
1015h, bits 15:8 = 0x4A);
third through seventh data time slot = zero and no sync,
(IWA = 1015h, bits 31:16 = 0 and IWA = 1016h, bits 31:0 =
0);
enable the SD1A serial output for this channel in the serial
routing mask (IWA = 1014h, bit 16 = 1).
The resulting order is CH0 I first, then CH0 Q, CH1 I, and
CH1 Q with sync pulses generated in the I data slots. The
position of the sync pulses relative to the data slot may be
programmed with IWA register *014h bits 25:24.
Setting delay = 64 offsets channel 1’s 32 bit I and Q data by
64 clocks so that it immediately follows the 64 bits of data
from channel 0. In this way channel 1’s first and second time
slots follow channel 0’s second time slot.
Instead of using the delay to offset channel 1’s data, channel
0 could have been configured to output 32 bits of I in the fist
slot, 32 bits of Q in the second slot, 32 bits of zeros in the
third slot and 32 bits of zeros in the fourth slot. Channel 1
could then be configured to output 32 bits of zeros in the first
and second slots, 32 bits of I in the third slot and 32 bits of Q
in the fourth slot. As the channel outputs are OR’d together,
the zero slots do not interfere with data slots.
The HSP50216 Microprocessor (μP) interface consists of a
16-bit bidirectional data bus, P(15:0), three address pins,
ADD(2:0), a write strobe (WR), a read strobe (RD) and a
chip enable (CE). Indirect addressing is used for control and
configuration of the HSP50216. The control and
configuration data to be loaded is first written to a 32-bit
holding register at direct (external) addresses ADD(2:0) = 0
and 1, 16 bits at a time. The data is then transferred to the
target register, synchronous to the clock, by writing the
indirect (internal) address of the target register to direct
(external) address 2, ADD(2:0) = 2. The interface generates
a synchronous one clock cycle wide strobe to transfer the
data contained in the holding register to the target register.
The synchronization and write process requires 4 clock
periods. New data should not be written to the holding
register until after the synchronization period is over.
HSP50216
Microprocessor Interface
M
U
X
E
S
MUX
3 2 1 0
15:0
31:16
31:0
INTERNAL READ DATA BUS
FROM OUTPUT FIFO
STATUS
RD
L
A
T
C
H
P(15:0)
en
>
WR
en
>
D
E
C
O
D
E
A(2:0)
=0
=1
= 2 or 3
en
>
R
E
G
R
E
G
15:0
31:0
INTERNAL
WRITE DATA BUS
31:16
INTERNAL
ADDRESS BUS
R
E
G
RST
=2
AND
>
F
F
>
F
F
>
F
F
>
F
F
CLK
SPECIAL LOW
METASTABILITY
CELL
G
A
T
I
N
G
SYNC’d
WR
TO TARGET
REGISTERS
INTERNAL
READ SIGNAL
CE
(GATING NOT SHOWN)
Data reads can be direct, indirect or FIFO-like depending on
the data that is being read. The status register is read
directly at direct (external) address 3, ADD(2:0) = 3.
Readback of internal registers and memories is indirect. The
16-bit indirect (internal) address of the desired read source
is first written to direct (external) address 3, ADD(2:0) = 3, to
select the data. The data can then be read at direct
(external) addresses ADD(2:0) = 0 and 1 (bits 15:0 at
address 0 and 31:16 at address 1). The data types available
via the indirect read are listed in the Tables of Indirect Read
Address (IRA) Registers. (Note that the μPHold bit contained
in the target register at Indirect Write Address (IWA) = *00Ah
must be set to suspend the filter compute engine before the
coefficient RAM and instruction bit fields can be written to or
read from.)
The HSP50216 output data from the four channels is
available through the microprocessor interface as well as
from the serial data outputs. A FIFO-like interface is used to
read the output data through the microprocessor interface.
When new output data is available, it is loaded into a FIFO in
a user programmed order (for details on the programming
order, see Tables of Global Write Address (GWA)
Registers (GWA) = F820h - F83Fh). It can then be read, 16
bits at a time, at direct address 2, ADD(2:0) = 2. At the end
29
of each read, the FIFO counter is advanced to the next
location. This allows a DMA controller to read all of the data
with successive reads to a single direct address. No writes
or other interaction is required. The FIFO counter is reset
and reloaded by each interrupt signal, see GWA F802h. New
data in the FIFO is also indicated in the status register
located at direct address ADD(2:0) = 3 if a polled mode is
preferred. The eight data types available, for each of the four
channels, via this interface are: I(23:8), I(7:0)+8 Zeroes,
Q(23:8), Q(7:0)+8 Zeroes, Mag(23:8), Mag(7:0)+8 Zeroes,
Phase (15:0), and AGC (15:0). The upper bits of I, i.e.,
I(23:8), and Q, i.e., Q(23:8), are not rounded to 16 bits. This
interface can read the data from all the channels that are
synchronized. However, because a common FIFO is used
and the FIFO is reset and reloaded by each interrupt, it
cannot be used for asynchronous channels.
HSP50216
The direct address map for the microprocessor interface is
shown in the TABLE OF MICROPROCESSOR DIRECT
READ/WRITE ADDRESSES and the procedures for reading
and writing to this interface are provided below. The bit field
details for each indirect read and write address are provided
in the Table of Indirect Read Address (IRA) Registers,
Tables of Indirect Write Address (IWA) Registers (Tables 3 34) and Tables of Global Write Address (GWA)
Registers (GWA) Registers (Tables 35 - 45).
μP Read/Write Procedures
To Write to the Internal Registers:
1. Load the indirect write holding registers at direct address
ADD(2:0) = 0 and 1 with the data for the internal register
(16 or 32 bits depending on the internal register being
addressed).
2. Write the Indirect Write Address of the internal register
being addressed to direct address ADD(2:0) = 2 (Note: A
write strobe to transfer the contents of the Indirect Write
Holding Register into the Target Register specified by the
Indirect Address will be generated internally).
3. Wait 4 clock cycles before performing the next write to the
indirect write holding registers.
To Write to the Internal Instruction/Coefficient
RAMs:
1. Put the filter compute engine of the desired channel into
the hold mode by setting bit 31 of the Filter Compute
Engine / Resampler Control register located at
IWA = *00Ah (Note: The * is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3
depending on the channel being addressed). By setting
bit 31 all FIR processing for the channel addressed will be
stopped.
2. Load the indirect write holding registers at direct address
ADD(2:0) = 0 and 1 with the data for the internal RAM
location.
3. Write the Indirect Write Address of the internal RAM
location being addressed to direct address ADD(2:0) = 2
(Note: A write strobe to transfer the contents of the
Indirect Write Holding Register into the RAM location
specified by the Indirect Address will be generated
internally).
4. Wait 4 clock cycles before performing the next write to the
indirect write holding registers.
5. After all data has been loaded, set the μPHold bit back
low.
To Read Internal Registers:
1. Write the Indirect Read Address of the internal register
being addressed to direct address ADD(2:0) = 3.
2. Perform a read of the Indirect Read Holding Registers at
direct address ADD(2:0) = 0 and 1.
3. Data can then be read, 16 bits at a time, at direct
address 2, ADD(2:0) = 2.
4. Repeat step 3 for desired number of words.
5. Go to step 2.
To Read Instruction/Coefficient Values:
1. Put the filter compute engine of the desired channel into
the hold mode by setting bit 31 of the Filter Compute
Engine / Resampler Control register located at
IWA = *00Ah (Note: The * is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3
depending on the channel being addressed).
2. Write the Indirect Read Address (IRA) of the internal
RAM/ROM location being addressed to direct address
ADD(2:0) = 3.
3. Wait 4 clock cycles.
4. Read the data at direct address ADD(2:0) = 0 and 1.
5. After all the data has been read, set the μPHold bit back
low.
Recommended HSP50216 configuration
procedure following a hardware reset (i.e.
RESETb is pulsed low):
1. Load Global Write Address registers GWA F800 - GWA
F808 and GWA F820 - GWA F83F.
2. For each signal processing channel (0-3):
a. Set mPHold bit located at Indirect Write Address
register IWA *00A - 31.
b. Load Filter Compute Engine Instruction RAMS.
c. Load Filter Compute Engine Coefficient RAMS.
d. Load IWA registers *000 - *019. (Clear the mPHold bit
in register IWA *00A - 31).
e. Wait 32 clocks (CLK) for the reset to complete in the
Filter Compute Engine.
3. Generate a SYNCI to enable the input data or to
synchronize the processing to external events or
generate a SYNCO by writing to GWA F809.
NOTE: For the latter method, the SYNCO pin must be connected to
the SYNCI pin.
Recommended HSP50216 Channel
Reconfiguration Procedure:
1. Disable the serial output for the desired channel in
register GWA F801 - 3, 2, 1 or 0.
2. Disable the interrupts from the channel in register GWA
F802 - 31, 23, 15, or 7.
3. Set the mPHold bit in register IWA *00A - 31 to give the
processor access to the Filter Compute Engine
Instruction RAMS and Coefficient RAMS.
4. Load the new filter configuration.
To Read Data Outputs:
1. Set up the μP FIFO Read Order Control Register (located
at Global Write Address (GWA) = F820h - F83Fh).
2. Wait for interrupt or check flag.
30
5. Load any other channel registers.
HSP50216
6. Clear the mPHold bit in register IWA *00A - 31.
9. Generate a SYNCI to enable the input data or to
synchronize the processing to external events or
generate a SYNCO by writing to GWA F809.
7. Do a software channel reset by writing to IWA *019.
8. Enable the serial outputs (GWA F801) and interrupts
(GWA F802).
NOTE: For the latter method, the SYNCO pin must be connected to
the SYNCI pin.
TABLE OF MICROPROCESSOR DIRECT READ/WRITE ADDRESSES
ADD(2:0)
PINS
REGISTER DESCRIPTION
0
WR
Indirect Write Holding Register, Bits 15:0.
1
WR
Indirect Write Holding Register, Bits 31:16.
2
WR
Indirect Write Address Register for Internal Target Register (Generates a write strobe to transfer contents of the
Write Holding Register into the Target Register specified by the Indirect Address, see also Table of Indirect
Read Address (IRA) Registers).
3
WR
Indirect Read Address Register (Used to select the Read source of data - uses the same register as Direct
Address 2 but generates a read strobe (for RAMs and AGC) as needed instead of a write strobe).
0
RD
Indirect Read, Bits 15:0.
1
RD
Indirect Read, Bits 31:0f.
2
RD
Read Register (FIFO) - Reads FIFO data from output section (This location reads output data in the order
loaded in Global Control Indirect Address Registers F820-F83F. The FIFO is automatically incremented to the
next data location at the end of each read).
3
RD
Status Register
P(15:0)
BIT DESCRIPTION
15:12
Unused.
11:6
Read non-bus input pins (ENIx, RESET, SYNCI).
11 RESET (Note: This bit is inverted with respect to the RESET input pin).
10 ENIA.
9 ENIB.
8 ENIC.
7 ENID.
6 SYNCI.
5:2
31
Mask revision number.
1
Level detector integration done. Active high.
0
New FIFO output data available (used for polling mode vs interrupt mode) Active low.
HSP50216
Tables of Indirect Write Address (IWA) Registers
NOTE: These Indirect Write Addresses are repeated for each channel. In the addresses below, the * field is the channel select nibble. These bits
of the Indirect Address select the target channel register for the data. Values of 0 through 3 and F are valid. A channel select nibble value of F is a
special case which writes the data to the same location in each of the four channels simultaneously.
TABLE 3. CHANNEL INPUT SELECT/FORMAT REGISTER (IWA = *000h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:13
Channel Input Source Selection - Selects as the data input for the channel specified in the Indirect Address either A(15:0), B(15:0),
C(15:0), D(15:0) or the μP Test Input register as shown below:
12
15:13
Source Selected
000
A(15:0)
001
B(15:0)
010
C(15:0)
011
D(15:0)
100
μP Test input register. This is provided for testing and to zero the input data bus when a channel is not in use. The
Global Write Address register for the μP Test input register is F807h.
μP Test Register input enable selection:
1
Bit 11 of this register is used as the input enable.
0
A one clock wide pulse generated on each write to lGWA F808h is used as the input enable.
Select 0 to write test data into the part.
Select 1 to input a constant or to disable the input for minimum power dissipation when an NCO/mixer/CIC section is unused.
11
10
9
8:7
μP input enable. When bit 12 is set, this bit is the input enable for the μP Test Register input. Active low:
0
Enabled
1
Disabled.
Parallel Data Input Format:
0
Two’s complement (-full scale = 1000...0000, zero = 0000...0000, +full scale = 0111...1111).
1
Offset binary (-full scale = 0000...0000, zero = 1000...0000, +full scale = 1111...1111).
Fixed/Floating point:
0
Fixed point.
1
Floating point. The 16-bit input bus is divided into mantissa and exponent bits grouped either 13/3 or 14/2 depending on
bits 8 and 7. See text.
Floating point mantissa size select. The 16-bit data input is grouped as a 13/3 or 14/2 mantissa/exponent word. These control bits
select the mantissa/exponent grouping, add an offset to the exponent and set the shift control saturation level:
00
11/3: bits 15:5 are mantissa, 2:0 are exponent.
01
12/3: bits 15:4 are mantissa, 2:0 are exponent.
10
13/3: bits 15:3 are mantissa, 2:0 are exponent.
11
14/2: bits 15:2 are mantissa, 1:0 are exponent.
See the exponent tables contained in the Input Select/Format Block section.
6:4
De-multiplex control. These control bits are provided to select a channel from a group of multiplexed channels. Up to 8 multiplexed
data streams can be demultiplexed. These control bits select how many clocks after the ENIx signal to wait before taking the input
sample. ENIx should be asserted for one clock period and aligned with the first channel of the multiplexed data set. For example, if
four streams are multiplexed at half the clock rate, ENIx would align with the first clock period of the first stream, the second would
start two clocks later, the next 4 clocks after ENIx, etc. The samples are aligned with ENIx (zero delay) at the input of the
NCO/Mixer/CIC stage at the next ENIx.
000
Zero delay
111
7 clock periods of delay.
All values from 0 through 7 are valid.
3
Interpolated/Gated Mode Select:
0
Gated. The carrier NCO and CIC are updated once per clock when ENIx is asserted.
1
Interpolated. The CIC is updated every clock. The carrier NCO is updated once per clock when ENIx is asserted. The
input is zeroed when ENIx is high.
32
HSP50216
TABLE 3. CHANNEL INPUT SELECT/FORMAT REGISTER (IWA = *000h) (Continued)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
2
Enable COF/COFSYNC inputs. When set, this bit enables two bits from the D(15:0) input data bus to be used as a carrier offset
frequency input.
1
Enable SOF/SOFSYNC inputs. When set, this bit enables two bits from the D(15:0) input data bus to be used as a resampler offset
frequency input.
0
Enable PN. When set, A PN code, weighted by the gain in location *001, is added to the input samples at the output of the mixer.
TABLE 4. PN GAIN REGISTER (IWA = *001h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:16
Reserved, set to all 0’s.
15:0
PN generator gain register. This input is provided to reduce the sensitivity of the receiver. A PN code, weighted by the value in this
location, is added to the data at the output of the mixer. Adding noise has the effect of increasing the receiver noise figure. One reason
to do this would be to decrease the basestation cell size in small steps. This method is very accurate and repeatable and can be
done on a FDM channel by channel basis. It does, however, reduce the overall dynamic range. An alternate way is to add attenuation
at the RF and adjust the whole range upward. This does not reduce the overall range but only shift it, with the shift being done on all
channels simultaneously.
TABLE 5. CIC DECIMATION FACTOR REGISTER (IWA = *002h)
P(15:0)
15:0
FUNCTION
Load with the desired CIC decimation factor minus 1.
TABLE 6. CIC DESTINATION FIR AND OUTPUT ENABLE/DISABLE REGISTER (IWA = *003h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:6
Set to zero.
5:1
0
CIC output destination (FIR # in FIR processor). Usually set to 00001.
CIC output enable. Active high. When low, the data writes from the CIC to the filter compute engine are inhibited.
TABLE 7. CARRIER NCO/CIC CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *004h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:19
Reserved, set to zero.
18:14
CIC barrel shift control.
00000 is the minimum shift factor and 11111 is maximum shift factor. This compensates for the CIC filter gain of RN, where N is the
number of enabled CIC stages and R is the CIC decimation factor. The equation used to compute the shift factor is:
Shift Factor = 45 - Ceiling(log2(RN)).
Examples:
N
R
Shift Factor
5
512
0
5
8
30
13:9
CIC stage bypasses. The integrator/comb pairs are numbered 1 through 5 with 1 being the first integrator and first comb. Bit 13
bypasses the first integrator/comb pair, bit 12 bypasses the second, etc. The first integrator is the largest. Typically, the stages are
enabled starting with stage 1 for maximum decimation range.
8:6
Carrier phase shift. Phase shifts of N*(π/4), N = 0 to 7.
5
Clear feedback (test signal or for mixer bypass).
4
NCO clear feedback on load.
3
Update frequency on SYNCI. Redundant. Set to1. See Table 37, “RESET/SYNC/INTERRUPT SOURCE SELECTION REGISTER
(GWA = F802h),” on page 43.
33
HSP50216
TABLE 7. CARRIER NCO/CIC CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *004h) (Continued)
P(31:0)
2:1
0
FUNCTION
Number of Carrier Offset Frequency (COF) serial input bits. The format is 2’s complement, early SYNC, MSB first:
00
8
01
16
10
24
11
32
Enable serial carrier offset frequency (zeros the data already loaded via the COF/COFSYNC pins). To disable the COF shifting see
IWA register *000h.
TABLE 8. CARRIER NCO CENTER FREQUENCY REGISTER (IWA = *005h)
P(31:0)
31:0
FUNCTION
Carrier Center Frequency (CCF):
This is the frequency control for the carrier NCO. The center frequency control is double buffered. The contents of this register are
transferred to the active register on a write to the CCFStrobe location or on a SYNCI (if load on SYNCI is enabled). The carrier center
frequency is: CCF*fCLK/(232).
CCF is a twos complement number and has a range of -231 to (231-1). fCLK is the input sample rate (ENIx assertion rate) for gated
mode and the clock rate for interpolated mode.
TABLE 9. CARRIER NCO CENTER FREQUENCY UPDATE STROBE REGISTER (IWA = *006h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
N/A
Writing to this address generates a strobe that transfers the CCF value to the active frequency register. The transfer to the active
register can also be done using the SYNCI pin to synchronize the transfer in multiple parts or to synchronize to an external event.
The value in the active register can be read at this address (the center frequency control before the serially loaded offset value is
added). To read the value, either write this address to A(1:0) = 11 and then read at A(1:0) = 00 and 01, or read the value at A(1:0) =
00 and 01 after writing to this address and before writing a new address to either A(1:0) = 10 or 11.
TABLE 10. TIMING NCO FREQUENCY CONTROL REGISTER, MSW (IWA = *007h)
P(31:0)
31:0
FUNCTION
These are the upper 32 bits of the 56-bit timing (resampler) NCO center frequency control.
TABLE 11. TIMING NCO FREQUENCY CONTROL REGISTER, LSW (IWA = *008h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:8
These are the lower 24 bits of the 56-bit timing (resampler) NCO center frequency control.
7:0
Unused, set to zero.
TABLE 12. TIMING NCO CENTER FREQUENCY LOAD STROBE REGISTER (IWA = *009h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
N/A for WR A write to this location will update the resampler NCO center frequency. The upper 32 bits of the active register can be read at this
31:0 for RD address.
TABLE 13. FILTER COMPUTE ENGINE/RESAMPLER CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *00Ah)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31
μPHold. When set, this bit stops the filter compute engine and allows the μP access to the instruction and coefficient RAMs for
reading and writing. On the high to low transition, the filter compute engine is reset (the read and write pointers are reset and the
instruction at location 31 is fetched).
30
μPShiftZeroB. This bit, when set to zero, disables the coefficient shift bits (bits 9:8 of the master register when coefficient loading).
29
μPEN Limit. This bit disables the data path saturation logic. Provided for test. Active high. Set to 0 to disable the normal ROM
controlled limiting (ANDed with normal signal).
34
HSP50216
TABLE 13. FILTER COMPUTE ENGINE/RESAMPLER CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *00Ah) (Continued)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
28:24
μPZ(4:0). These bits, when set to zero, zero the corresponding read pointer address bits. This allows the pointers to be aliased, i.e.,
multiple filters can access and/or modify the same pointer. They are provided to change filters, coefficients or decimation over a
sequence.
23
Unused, set to 0.
22
Timing (resampler) NCO ENsync. If this bit is set, the center frequency is updated on a SYNCI. Set to 1.
21:20
19
18
RSRVRS(1:0). Set to 01.
Beginning/End. This bit selects whether the resampler NCO is updated at the beginning of a FIR computation or at the end of each
FIR output computation. Usually, the resampler will be updated once at the beginning of each resampler computation and this will
be bit set to 1.
1
Once at the beginning of the FIR instruction.
0
At the last tap of each of the instruction’s FIR computations (once per output).
RSModeSelect. This bit selects whether the resampler is a phase shifter or a frequency shifter.
0
Phase shift. It uses the top 5-bits of the timing NCO frequency to determine a phase shift and disables feedback in the timing
NCO phase accumulator -- effect of the resampler is a constant phase shift.
1
Frequency shift. effect of the resampler is a change in the sample rate.
17
RSCO. This bit is provided to force the resampler NCO carry when using the resampler as a phase shifter rather than for a frequency
shift. This bit must be set for phase shifting and cleared for frequency shifting. (The bit is Or-ed with the normal carry.)
16
RS NCO clear phase accumulator feedback on load. When this bit is set, the feedback in the resampler NCO phase accumulator is
zeroed whenever the center frequency word is updated. This forces the NCO to a known phase so the phase of multiple channels
can be aligned.
15
Force NCO load. This bit, when set, zeroes the feedback in the resampler NCO phase accumulator. This is provided for test or to
use the resampler for phase instead of frequency shifting.
14
Enable RS freq offset. This bit, when set, enables the serially loaded resampler offset frequency word. When zero, the offset is
zeroed. To disable the shifting, see IWA register *000h.
13:12
11:0
Serial input word size. These bits select the number of bits in the resampler offset frequency word (loaded serially via
SOF/SOFSYNC).
00
8 bits
01
16 bits
10
24 bits
11
32 bits
FIFODelay. A FIFO is provided at the output of the filter compute engine to smooth the sample spacing when using the resampler or
interpolation FIRs. In these filters, the outputs can be produced in bursts or with gaps. The FIFO takes the samples in and outputs
them based on a counter timeout. If the FIFO is empty and the counter is at its terminal count (hold state), the data is passed through
and the counter is reloaded. If the counter is not at terminal count, the data is held in the FIFO until the counter times out. The FIFO
can hold up to 4 samples. The delay is programmed in clock periods. The value programmed is one less than the number of clocks
of delay. Set to 0 for a delay of one (fall through). The delay should be programmed to slightly less than the desired spacing to prevent
overflow.
TABLE 14. FILTER START OFFSET REGISTER (IWA = *00Bh)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
13:9
RAM Instruction number to which the offset is applied. 0-31. Aliasing applies. Used for polyphase filters.
8:0
Amount of offset. Offsets the data RAM address for filter #n. This is used to offset the channels from each other when breaking the
processing up among multiple channels for polyphase filters. For example, four channels can receive the same data at 8 MSPS, filter
and decimate by 8 to output at 1MHz. If the computations are offset by 2 samples each, then the outputs of the four channels can
be multiplexed together to get an output sample rate of 4MSPS. With a 64MSPS clock, the composite filter could have more than
100 taps where a single channel would only be capable of around 24 taps at a 4MHz output.
EXCEPT IN VERY RARE CIRCUMSTANCES, THIS VALUE SHOULD BE A NEGATIVE NUMBER.
35
HSP50216
TABLE 15. WAIT THRESHOLD/DECREMENT VALUE REGISTER (IWA = *00Ch)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31
μPTestBit. This bit is provided as a microprocessor controlled condition code for the filter compute engine for conditional execution
or synchronous startup. Active high.
30
Set to 0.
29:20
Decrement value 1. Positive number.
19:10
Decrement value 0. Positive number. Usually set equal to the Threshold (bits 9:0).
9:0
Threshold. Number of samples needed to run a filter set and produce an output.
TABLE 16. RESET WRITE POINTER OFFSET REGISTER (IWA = *00Dh)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:9
Set to zero.
8:0
This parameter is the offset between filter compute engine read and write pointers on filter compute engine reset. On reset, the read
and write pointers for all the filters are loaded, the read pointer with zero and the write pointer with this value. Set to zero for a single
filter and two for a multi-filter chain.
TABLE 17. AGC GAIN LOAD REGISTER (IWA = *00Eh)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:0
This location loads the AGC accumulator. If the loop attack/decay gain is set to zero and this value is within the AGC gain limits, the
AGC will hold this value. If not, the AGC will be set to this gain (or to a limit) and then start to settle.
format is 4 exponent bits (15:12), and 12 mantissa bits, (11:0).
TABLE 18. AGC GAIN READ STROBE REGISTER (IWA = *00Fh)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:0
Writing to this location will sample the AGC loop filter output (forward gain value) to stabilize it for reading. The value is read from
for RD;
this location after waiting the 4 clocks required for read synchronization.
N/A for WR
TABLE 19. AGC LOOP ATTACK/DECAY GAIN VALUES REGISTER (IWA = *010h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:24
Loop gain 0, decay gain value (signal decay, increase gain) 31:28 = EEEE (exponent), 27:24 = MMMM (mantissa).
23:16
Loop gain 1, decay gain value 23:20 = EEEE (exponent), 19:16 = MMMM (mantissa).
15:8
Loop gain 0, attack gain value (signal arrival, decrease gain) 15:12 = EEEE (exponent), 11:8 = MMMM (mantissa).
7:0
Loop gain 1, attack gain value 7:4 = EEEE (exponent), 3:0 = MMMM (mantissa).
TABLE 20. AGC GAIN LIMITS REGISTER (IWA = *011h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:16
Upper gain limit. See AGC section.
15:0
Lower gain limit. See AGC section.
TABLE 21. AGC THRESHOLD REGISTER (IWA = *012h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
16
Enables dphi/dt update for non-fed back data. Discriminator output is not filtered.
15:0
AGC threshold. Equals 1.64676 times the desired magnitude of the I1/Q1 output.
36
HSP50216
TABLE 22. AGC/DISCRIMINATOR CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *013h)
P(15:0)
15:11
FUNCTION
Set to zero.
10
μP AGC loop gain select.
9
Enable filter compute engine control of AGC loop gain. When this bit is set, bit 28 in the filter compute engine destination field selects
which loop gain to use with that filter output’s gain error. Setting bit 10 overrides this bit and forces a loop gain 1.
10:9
8
FUNCTION
00
Loop Gain 0 (μP controlled)
10
Loop gain 1 (μP controlled)
01
Loop Gain controlled by filter compute engine
11
Loop 1 (μP override of filter compute engine)
Mean/Median. This bit controls the settling mode of the AGC. Mean mode settles to the mean of the signal and settles asymptotically
to the final value. Median mode settles to the median and settles with a fixed step size. This mode settles faster and more predictably,
but will have more AM after settling.
1
Mean mode
0
Median mode
7
Set this bit to 1 to get a dphi/dt output without having to feedback through the filter compute engine.
6
Unused. Set to zero.
5
PhaseOutputSel
1
dφ/dt
0
Phase
4:3
DiscShift(1:0). Shifts the phase up 0, 1, 2, or 3-bit positions, discarding the bits shifted off the top. This makes the phase modulo 360,
180, 90, or 45 degrees to remove PSK modulation. The resulting phase is 18 bits.
2:0
DiscDelay(2:0). Sets the delay, in sample times, for the dφ/dt calculation.
000
1
111
8
TABLE 23. SERIAL DATA OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *014h)
P(31:0)
31:29
28
FUNCTION
Set to zero.
Sync polarity
1
Active low (low for one serial clock per word with a sync).
0
Active high.
27:26
Reserved, set to zero.
25:24
Sync position. This applies to all time slots in the serial output. The Sync programming is associated with the SD1x serial output data
stream (x = A, B, C, or D).
00
23:22
Sync is asserted during the serial clock period prior to the first data bit of the serial word (early sync).
01
Sync is asserted during the clock period following the last data bit of the word (late sync).
1X
Sync is asserted during the serial clock period of the first data bit of the serial word (coincident sync).
Reserved, set to zero.
37
HSP50216
TABLE 23. SERIAL DATA OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER (IWA = *014h) (Continued)
P(31:0)
21:20
FUNCTION
Magnitude output scale factor. The magnitude output of the cartesian to polar coordinate conversion has bits weighted as:
2(2 1 0.-1 -2 -3 -4 . . . )
The gain in the conversion is 0.82338. When using 16 bits, the range is such that the LSB has a weight of 0.00007 and the maximum
output is 2.32, both after the conversion gain. This corresponds to an I/Q vector length of -83dBFS to +3dBFS. These control bits
add gain (with saturation) for more resolution at the bottom of the scale. A code of 00 passes the magnitude unchanged, 01 shifts
the magnitude up one bit position’ 10 shifts by 2 positions and 11 shifts up three positions. The resulting bit weights and range (after
conversion gain) for the unsigned numbers are:
Code
Bit Weights
dBFS
00
2 1 0 -1 -2 . . . -11 -12 -13
+3 to -83
01
1 0 -1 -2 -3 . . . -12 -13 -14
+3 to -89
10
0 -1 -2 -3 -4 . . . -13 -14 -15
+1.7 to -95
11
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 . . . -14 -15 -16
-4.3 to -101
The upper limits on codes 00 and 01 are the same, but 01 has no leading zero.
19:16
15:12
11:0
Serial data output SD1 routing mask. 0 disables. 1 enables.
Bit
Enabled Output
16
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD1A.
17
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD1B.
18
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD1C.
19
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD1D.
Serial data output SD2 routing mask. 0 disables. 1 enables.
Bit
Enabled Output.
12
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD2A.
13
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD2B.
14
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD2C.
15
Enables the serial output for this channel to pin SD2D.
Output hold-off delay. This parameter adds additional delay from the output of the filter compute engine to start of the serial output
stream for multiplexing channels. Load with the desired delay (0 = zero, 1 = one, 2 = two, etc.).
38
HSP50216
TABLE 24. SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 1 CONTENT/FORMAT REGISTER 1 (IWA = *015h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:24
Fourth serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 for functional description of bits 31:24.
23:16
Third serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 for functional description of bits 23:16.
15:8
Second serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 for functional description of bits 15:8.
7:0
First serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D.
Bit
Function
7
Sync generated. When set, a sync pulse is generated with the data slot (Serial Data Output 1 only, i.e., the sync is only
associated with Output 1). Set to zero for Output 2, SD2x.
6:3
Word width/format. All fixed point data is twos complement. The data is rounded (asymmetrically, with saturation) to the
desired number of bits.
0000
0-bit, fixed point (actually 1-bit position is used).
0001
4-bit, fixed point.
0010
6-bit, fixed point.
0011
8-bit, fixed point.
0100
10-bit, fixed point.
0101
12-bit, fixed point.
0110
16-bit, fixed point.
0111
20-bit, fixed point.
1000
24-bit, fixed point.
1001
32-bit fixed (8 LSBs are zeroed).
1010
32-bit, floating point, IEEE format.
All other codes are invalid.
Note: Floating point format is only available on the Serial Data Output 1. Code 1010 is invalid on Serial Data Output 2.
2:0
Data type
000
Zeros
001
I1 (data routed from FIFO and AGC path).
010
Q1 (data routed from FIFO and AGC path).
011
Magnitude of I1/Q1.
100
Phase (or dφ/dt) of I1/Q1.
101
I2 (data routed directly from the filter processor).
110
Q2 (data routed directly from the filter processor).
111
AGC gain of I1/Q1 path.
The filter processor must be programmed appropriately to route the data to I1/Q1 or I2/Q2.
NOTE:
Disable a slot by setting the 8-bit word to 00h. When disabled, a slot still uses one clock period. If, for example, the slots are
programmed to 16-bit, disabled, 16-bit, there would a one clock idle period between the two 16-bit data words.
If a new data sample occurs before the current set of data has been output, the new data will preempt the output and the first slot of
the new data will begin immediately. If a late sync was programmed, it will not occur.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ABCDEF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ABCDEF
I, Q
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 ZZZZZZZZ
MAG
Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z (MSB zero unless shifted)
PH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
AGC
Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z (MSB zeroed)
TABLE 25. SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 1 CONTENT/FORMAT REGISTER 2 (IWA = *016h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:24
Set to zero.
23:16
Seventh serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 23:16.
15:8
Sixth serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 15:8.
7:0
Fifth serial slot in Serial Data Output 1 (SD1x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 7:0.
39
HSP50216
TABLE 26. SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 2 CONTENT/FORMAT REGISTER 1 (IWA = *017h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:24
Fourth serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 23:16.
23:16
Third serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 23:16.
15:8
Second serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 15:8.
7:0
First serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 7:0.
TABLE 27. SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 2 CONTENT/FORMAT REGISTER 2 (IWA = *018h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:24
Set to zero
23:16
Seventh serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 23:16.
15:8
Sixth serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 15:8.
7:0
Fifth serial slot in Serial Data Output 2 (SD2x). x = A, B, C or D. See bits 7:0 of Table 24 for functional description of bits 7:0.
TABLE 28. SOFTWARE RESET REGISTER (IWA = *019h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
N/A
Writing to this location resets the following activities of the functional block indicated.
Input Format/Select, NCO, Mixer and CIC.
Clears any pending enable in each channel's input demultiplexer function, loads the CIC decimation counter (the load value
is indeterminate if the decimation counter preload register has not been loaded), clears all processing enables (stops all
processing in the data path, but does not clear the data path registers).
Filter Compute Engine:
Resets the Read/Write pointers, fetch instruction 31 and start the filter program execution.
AGC:
Resets the compute blocks in both the forward and loop filter blocks (any calculations in progress are lost).
Cartesian-to-Polar Coordinate Converter:
Resets the compute blocks (any calculations in progress are lost).
FIFO:
Resets counter (clears the FIFO, all data is lost).
Resampler Timing NCO:
Clears the slave (active) frequency registers and clears the phase accumulator.
Output Section:
Resets the serial output section (clears all registers, counters, and flags but does not clear the configuration registers).
Self Test Control:
Resets the self test control logic of the front end (Input Format/Select, NCO, Mixer, and CIC) and the back end (Filter Compute
Engine, AGC, and Cartesian-to-Polar Coordinate Converter).
TABLE 29. CHANNEL TIMING ADVANCE STROBE REGISTER (IWA = *01Ah)
P(15:0)
N/A
FUNCTION
Writing to this location inserts one extra data sample in the CIC to FIR path by repeating a sample. Used for shifting the FIR filter
compute engine timing.
TABLE 30. CHANNEL TIMING RETARD STROBE Register (IWA = *01Bh)
P(15:0)
N/A
FUNCTION
Writing to this location deletes one data sample in the CIC to FIR path. Used for shifting the FIR filter compute engine timing.
40
HSP50216
TABLE 31. FILTER COMPUTE ENGINE INSTRUCTION RAMS (IWA = *100h THROUGH *17Fh)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:0
These locations in RAM are used to store the Filter Compute Engine instruction words. There are 128 bits per instruction word with
each word consisting of condition code selects, FIR parameters and data routing controls. The filter compute engine is controlled by
a simple sequencer supporting up to 32 steps where each step is defined by a 128 bit instruction word. The 128 bit instruction word
is assigned to RAM memory in four 32 bit data writes through the Microprocessor Interface starting with the low 32 bits. Hence, 128
32-bit memory locations are required per channel to support the 32 steps of the Filter Sequencer. See the Filter Compute Engine
and Filter Sequencer sections of the data sheet for more details.
TABLE 32. FILTER COMPUTE ENGINE INSTRUCTION POINTER RAMS (IWA = *180h THROUGH *1FCh)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
TABLE 33. FILTER COMPUTE ENGINE COEFFICIENT RAM1 (IWA = *440h THROUGH *47Fh)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:0
These locations in RAM are used to store the 22-bit filter coefficients used by the Filter Compute Engine of each channel in
implementing a FIR filter. The 22-bit FIR filter coefficients are loaded in the upper 22 bits of each 32-bit RAM location. The two LSBs
of the second byte (bits 9:8 of the total 32 bits, 31:0) are the shift bits. These are set to zero if not used. The least significant byte
(bits 7:0 of the total 32 bits, 31:0) are ignored. RAM1 address space allows for storage of 64 filter coefficients out of the total of 192
filter coefficient storage locations. See the Filter Compute Engine and Filter Sequencer sections of the data sheet for more details.
TABLE 34. FILTER COMPUTE ENGINE COEFFICIENT RAM2 (IWA = *480h THROUGH *4FFh)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:0
These locations in RAM are used to store the 22-bit filter coefficients used by the Filter Compute Engine of each channel in
implementing a FIR filter. The 22-bit FIR filter coefficients are loaded in the upper 22 bits of each 32-bit RAM location. The two LSBs
of the second byte (bits 9:8 of the total 32 bits, 31:0) are the shift bits. These are set to zero if not used. The least significant byte
(bits 7:0 of the total 32 bits, 31:0) are ignored. RAM2 address space allows for storage of 128 filter coefficients out of the total of 192
filter coefficient storage locations. See the Filter Compute Engine and Filter Sequencer sections of the data sheet for more details.
41
HSP50216
Tables of Global Write Address (GWA) Registers
NOTE: These Global Write Addresses control global functions on the HSP50216, so they are not repeated for each channel. The top five address
bits select this set of registers (F8XXh).
TABLE 35. TEST CONTROL REGISTER (GWA = F800h)
P(31:0)
31:17
FUNCTION
These bits can be routed to the output pins by setting bit 16 below. The bit to pin mapping is:
31 = Intrpt
30 = SYNCO
29 = SERCLK (unless x1 CLK is selected)
28 = SYNCA
27 = SYNCB
26 = SYNCC
25 = SYNCD
24 = SD1A
23 = SD1B
22 = SD1C
21 = SD1D
20 = SD2A
19 = SD2B
18 = SD2C
17 = SD2D
This is provided for testing board level interconnects. To control the SERCLK output, a divided down clock must be selected in the
serial clock control register (GWA = F803h).
16
15:10
This bit, when high, routes bits 31:17 to the output pins in place of the normal outputs. Bit 0 of this register must also be set to activate
this function.
Unused - set to zero.
9
Set-up time to CLOCK adjust. Adjusting the delay trades set up time for hold time. This bit is used to best center the delay without a
mask change.
8
Set-up time to WRITE adjust. Adjusting the delay trades set up time for hold time. This bit is used to best center the delay without a
mask change.
7:4
These bits, when set, route the MSB of the SIN output of the channel’s carrier NCO to the number 2 serial output pin in place of the
normal output. 7=CH0 6=CH1 5=CH2 4=CH3.
3
Offset I PN by XORing bit 10 of the PN generator with the output PN.
2
Enable (223 - 1) PN generator. The PN signal that can be added to the mixer output of each channel is produced from a (223 - 1)
sequence, a (215 - 1) sequence or both. Two separate generators are provided. The outputs of both are XORed together to extend
the repeat period. Either or both generators can be disabled. The XORed output can further be XORed with a delayed version of the
(223 - 1) sequence on the I channel to decorrelate it from the Q channel. Otherwise, the same sequence will be used on both I and Q.
1
Enable (215 - 1) PN generator.
0
Test mode. When asserted, this bit puts the chip into internal (self) test mode.
TABLE 36. BUS ROUTING CONTROL REGISTER (GWA = F801h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31:24
Unused - set to zero.
23:20
Interrupt pulse width. The width of the interrupt pulse at the pin can be programmed to be from 1 to 15 clocks wide. Program with the
desired number of clocks. (NOTE: The pulse counter is only reset with the RESET pin. If a channel is reset by software or a SYNCI,
any interrupt pulse in process will finish).
19:17
DataRdy delay (CH1 only). Test. From 1-8.
16
CH1 or CH3 AGC to CH0 ext AGC. This bit selects whether the AGC loop filter output from CH1 or CH3 is routed to the external
AGC gain input of CH0. 0=CH3, 1=CH1.
15:14
CH3 ext source mux sel. These bits select whether the CH2 source mux, CIC2, or FIR2out is routed to the external input of FIR3.
0=CH2srcmux, 1=FIR2, 2=CIC2.
13
CH2 ext source mux sel. This bit selects whether the CH1 external source mux or FIR1out is routed to the external input of FIR2.
0=CH1srcmux, 1=FIR1out.
12
CH1 ext source mux sel. This bit selects whether the CIC0 output or FIR0out is routed to the external input of FIR1. 0=CIC0,
1=FIR0out.
11
CH0 backend input sel. 0=CIC0, 1=CIC1 (test).
10
CH1 backend input sel 0=CIC1, 1=CH1 ext src mux.
9
CH2 backend input sel 0=CIC2, 1=CH2 ext src mux.
8
CH3 backend input sel 0=CIC3, 1=CH3 ext source mux.
42
HSP50216
TABLE 36. BUS ROUTING CONTROL REGISTER (GWA = F801h) (Continued)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
7
CH0 Ext AGC input enable. 0=CH0 loop filt, 1=external input.
6
CH1 Ext AGC input enable 0=CH1 loop filt, 1=external input.
5
CH2 Ext AGC input enable 0=CH2 loop filt, 1=external input.
4
CH3 Ext AGC input enable Set to 0.
3
CH0 enable serial output 1=FIR0 out enabled to serial outputs.
2
CH1 enable serial output 1=FIR1 out enabled to serial outputs.
1
CH2 enable serial output 1=FIR2 out enabled to serial outputs.
0
CH3 enable serial output 1=FIR3 out enabled to serial outputs.
TABLE 37. RESET/SYNC/INTERRUPT SOURCE SELECTION REGISTER (GWA = F802h)
P(31:0)
FUNCTION
31
When set, an interrupt will be generated on each data output of channel 0 to the output block. Typically, this bit will only be set for
one channel.
30
When set, the data input to the part will be disabled (the input enable will be zeroed and held at zero) on a μP reset (this is always
true for the reset pin, whether this bit is set or not, and additionally, the reset pin sets the input mode to gated). The input enable will
be released for the input sample that aligns with the SYNCI signal. This is a method for starting up the processing synchronous with
a particular data sample.
29
When this bit is set, the carrier center frequency will be updated from the holding register (IWA = *005h) to the active register on the
SYNCI signal. If the bit is set in register IWA = *004h to clear the phase accumulator feedback on loading, this function will
synchronize the phase of multiple channels. After initial synchronization, the bit in IWA = *004h can be cleared and updates will be
synchronous and phase continuous across channels.
28
When this bit is set, the FIR filter compute engine is reset on SYNCI. Resetting the FIR filter compute engine requires 32 clock (CLK)
cycles to initialize the read and write pointers.
27
When this bit is set, the AGC is reset on SYNCI.
26
This bit has the same function as bit 29, but for the timing (resampler) NCO. The bit to zero the phase accumulator feedback is in
register IWA = *00Ah.
25
When this bit is set, the CIC decimation counter is reset on SYNCI.
24
When this bit is set, the serial output block is reset on SYNCI. If bit 4 in location GWA F803h is set, the serial clock divider is also reset.
23:16
Same functions as 31:24 for channel 1.
15:8
Same functions as 31:24 for channel 2.
7:0
Same functions as 31:24 for channel 3.
TABLE 38. SERIAL CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (GWA = F803h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
5
When set to 1, this bit will keep the serial clock disabled after a hardware reset until receipt of the first SYNCI signal.
4
Enables resetting serial clock divider on SYNCI. When enabled, a SYNCI enabled for any of the four serial data outputs in the
Reset/Sync register (GWA = F802h, bits 24, 16, 8 or 0) will reset the serial clock divider.
3
SCLK polarity.
1
Clock low to high transition occurs at the center of the data bit.
0
Clock high to low transition at the center of the data bit.
43
HSP50216
TABLE 38. SERIAL CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (GWA = F803h) (Continued)
P(15:0)
2:0
FUNCTION
SCLK rate.
000
Serial clock disabled.
001
Serial clock rate is Input CLK Rate.
010
Serial clock rate is Input CLK Rate/2.
011
Serial clock rate is Input CLK Rate/4.
100
Serial clock rate is Input CLK Rate/8.
101
Serial clock rate is Input CLK Rate/16.
Other codes are undefined.
TABLE 39. INPUT LEVEL DETECTOR SOURCE SELECT/FORMAT REGISTER (GWA = F804h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:13
Channel Input Source Selection. Selects as the data input for the level detector either A(15:0), B(15:0), C(15:0), D(15:0) or the μP
Test Input register as shown below.
15:13
Source Selected
000
A(15:0)
001
B(15:0)
010
C(15:0)
011
D(15:0)
100
μP Test input register.
This is provided for testing and to zero the input data bus when a channel is not in use.
The Global Write Address register for the μP Test input register is F807h.
12
μP Register input enable select
1 = bit 11, 0 = one clock wide pulse on each write to location F808h. Select 0 to write data test data into the part. Select 1 to input a
constant or to disable the input for minimum power dissipation when the input level detector section is unused.
11
μP input enable. When bit 12 is set, this bit is the input enable for the μP register input. Active low. 0=enabled, 1=disabled.
10
Parallel Data Input Format
9
8:7
6:4
3
0
Two’s complement
1
Offset binary
Fixed/Floating point
0
Fixed point
1
Floating point. The 16-bit input bus is divided into mantissa and exponent bits grouped either 13/3 or 14/2 depending on bits
8 and 7. See text.
Floating point mantissa size select. The 16-bit data input is grouped as a 13/3 or 14/2 mantissa/exponent word. These control bits
select the mantissa/exponent grouping, add an offset to the exponent and set the shift control saturation level.
00
11/3 bits 15:5 mantissa, 2:0 exponent
01
12/3 bits 15:4 mantissa, 2:0 exponent
10
13/3 bits 15:3 mantissa, 2:0 exponent
11
14/2 bits 15:2 mantissa, 1:0 exponent
De-multiplex control. These control bits are provided to demultiplex an input data stream comprised of a set of multiplexed data
streams. Up to 8 multiplexed data streams can be demultiplexed. These control bits select how many clocks after the ENIx signal to
wait before taking the input sample. ENIx should be asserted for one clock period and aligned with the first channel of the multiplexed
data set. For example, if four streams are multiplexed at half the clock rate, ENIx would align with the first clock period of the first
stream, the second would start two clocks later, the next 4 clocks after ENIx, etc. The samples are aligned with ENIx (zero delay) at
the input of the input level detector at the next ENIx.
000
zero delay
111
7 clock periods of delay.
Interpolated/Gated Mode Select
0
Gated. The input level detector is updated once per clock when ENIx is asserted.
1
Interpolated. The input level detector is updated every clock. The input is zeroed when ENIx is high.
44
HSP50216
TABLE 39. INPUT LEVEL DETECTOR SOURCE SELECT/FORMAT REGISTER (GWA = F804h) (Continued)
P(15:0)
2:0
FUNCTION
Unused. Set to 0.
TABLE 40. INPUT LEVEL DETECTOR CONFIGURATION REGISTER (GWA = F805h)
P(31:0)
31:22
21
20
FUNCTION
Set to zero.
1
Ones complement of 16-bit data after formatting.
0
Unmodified input.
1
Free run (ignore interval counter).
0
Stop when interval counter times out.
This bit may also be set low temporarily when free running to stabilize the accumulator data for reading.
19:18
17:16
Input Level Detector Leak factor, A.
00
1
01
2-8
10
2-12
11
2-16
Input Level Detector Mode
00
15:0
Leaky integrator (Yn = A*Xn + (1-A)*Yn-1, where A is the gain selected in bits 19:18).
01
Peak detector.
10
Integrator (bit 20 should be set to 0).
Input Level Detector Interval
Load with two less than the desired number of input samples. The interval range is 2 to 65537 input samples.
TABLE 41. INPUT LEVEL DETECTOR START STROBE REGISTER (GWA = F806h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
N/A
Writing to this location clears the input level detector accumulator and restarts the interval counter. When the interval counter is done,
bit 1 of the status word is set.
TABLE 42. μP/TEST INPUT BUS REGISTER (GWA = F807h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
15:0
This 16-bit value can be used as the input to one or more NCO/Mixer/CIC sections or to the input level detector for test or to set the
input to a constant value to minimize power when the channel is not in use.
The ENI signal for this input is either bit 11 in the channel register at IWA *000h or the strobe generated by a write to location GWA
F808h (selected via bit 12 of the channel register at IWA *000h).
TABLE 43. μP/TEST INPUT BUS ENI REGISTER (GWA = F808h)
P(15:0)
N/A
FUNCTION
A write to this location, generates and ENI strobe for the μP driven input port (when selected via bit 12 of IWA *000h).
TABLE 44. SYNCO STROBE REGISTER (GWA = F809h)
P(15:0)
FUNCTION
N/A
A write to this location will cause a one-clock-wide pulse on the SYNCO pin. The SYNCO pin is used to synchronize multiple channels
or parts. The SYNCO pin from one part is typically connected to the SYNCI pin of all the parts. Up to two pipeline registers may be
inserted in the SYNCO to SYNCI path.
45
HSP50216
TABLE 45. μP FIFO READ ORDER CONTROL REGISTER (GWA = F820h THROUGH F83Fh)
P(15:0)
4:0
FUNCTION
The five bits selecting the data type are encoded as follows:
C C D D D,
where CC is the channel number and DDD is the data type.
DDD
Data Type
000
I(23:8)
The upper 16 bits of the I data path via the FIFO/AGC.
001
I(7:0),8*zeros
The lower 8 bits of the I data path.
010
Q(23:8)
The upper 16 bits of the Q data path via the FIFO/AGC.
011
Q(7:0),8*zero
The lower 8 bits of the Q data path.
100
Mag(23:8)
The upper 16 bits of magnitude (after the gain adjust described in channel register)
101
Mag(7:0),8*zero
The lower 8 bits of magnitude.
110
Phase(15:0)
The upper 16 bits of phase.
111
AGC gain (15:0)
The upper 16 bits of the AGC gain.
Table of Indirect Read Address (IRA) Registers
The address decoding for the read source locations is given below. The internal address of the data to be read is written to direct
address 3 (ADD(2:0) = 3) to select and/or fetch the data. A strobe is generated, if needed, to fetch or stabilize the data for reading.
If a strobe is needed, the indirect read address must be written to direct address 3 each time the data is needed. If a strobe is not
needed, the data can be read repeatedly at direct addresses 0 and 1(ADD(2:0) = 0 and 1, respectively) with any changes in the
data showing up immediately. The strobe to sample the AGC gain is generated separately by an indirect write (see IWA *00Fh in
the Tables of Indirect Write Address (IWA) Registers). This allows the AGC gain of all the channels to be sampled
simultaneously.
NOTE: These Indirect Read Addresses are repeated for each channel. In the addresses below, the * field is the channel select nibble. These bits
of the Indirect Address select the target channel register for the data being read. Values of 0 through 3 and F are valid.
TABLE 46. TABLE OF INDIRECT READ ADDRESS (IRA) REGISTERS
IRA
FUNCTION
*006h
Active Carrier NCO Center Frequency.
*00Ch
Wait Preload, Decr 1&2.
*009h
Active Timing NCO Center Freq (Most Significant 32 bits).
*00Fh
AGC gain (must first write to AGC gain read strobe register IWA = *00Fh before reading).
*100h - *17Fh
Instruction RAMs.
*180h - *1FCh
Instruction RAMs (pointer DRAM).
*400h - *43Fh
Coefficient ROM -HBF, const.
*440h - *47Fh
Coefficient RAM -1.
*480h - *4FFh
Coefficient RAM -2.
*500h - *5FFh
Coefficient ROM -Resampler.
F806h
Input Level Detector Output.
46
HSP50216
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+6V
Input, Output or I/O Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . GND -0.5V to VCC +0.5V
ESD Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class III
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
θJA (°C/W)
196 Lead BGA Package (Note 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
w/200 LFM Air Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
w/400 LFM Air Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to 150°C
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
Operating Conditions
Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +3.15V to +3.45V
Temperature Range
Industrial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to 85°C
Input Low Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0V to +0.8V
Input High Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2V to VCC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE:
5. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
Electrical Specifications
VCC = 3.3V ± 0.15V, TA = -40°C to 85°C, Industrial
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
UNITS
Logical One Input Voltage
VIH
VCC = 3.45V
2.0
-
V
Logical Zero Input Voltage
VIL
VCC = 3.15V
-
0.8
V
Output High Voltage
VOH
IOH = -2mA, VCC = 3.15V
2.6
-
V
Output Low Voltage
VOL
IOL = 2mA, VCC = 3.15V
-
0.4
V
Input Leakage Current
II
VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 3.45V
-10
10
μA
Output Leakage Current
IO
VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 3.45V
-10
10
μA
Standby Power Supply Current
ICCSB
VCC = 3.45V, Outputs Not Loaded,
No CLK
-
500
μA
Operating Power Supply Current
ICCOP
f = 70MHz, VIN = VCC or GND,
VCC = 3.45V, Outputs Not Loaded
-
850
mA
(Note 6)
Freq = 1MHz, VCC open, all measurements
are referenced to device ground
-
7
pF
(Note 7)
-
7
pF
(Note 7)
Input Capacitance
CIN
Output Capacitance
COUT
NOTES:
6. Power Supply current is proportional to frequency of operation and programmed configuration of the part. Typical rating for ICCOP is 11mA/MHz.
7. Capacitance: TA = 25°C, controlled via design or process parameters and not directly tested. Characterized upon initial design and at major
process or design changes.
Electrical Specifications
VCC = 3.3V ± 0.15V, TA = -40°C to 85°C Industrial
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
UNITS
CLK Frequency
fCLK
-
70
MHz
CLK High
tCH
5
-
ns
CLK Low
tCL
5
-
ns
Setup Time - Data Inputs, Input Enables, SYNCI to CLK High
tDS
6
-
ns
Hold Time - Data Inputs, Input Enables, SYNCI to CLK High
tDH
0
-
ns
CLK to Output Valid - SYNCO, INTRPT
tPDC
-
6.5
ns
RESET Pulse Width Low
tRW
5
-
ns
RESET Setup Time to CLK High (Note 8)
tRS
6
-
ns
INPUT AND CONTROL TIMING
47
HSP50216
Electrical Specifications
VCC = 3.3V ± 0.15V, TA = -40°C to 85°C Industrial (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
UNITS
tRF
-
3
ns
P(15:0) Setup Time to Rising Edge of WR
tDSW
10
-
ns
P(15:0) Hold Time from Rising Edge of WR
tDHW
-2
-
ns
A(1:0) Setup Time to Rising Edge of WR
tASW
10
-
ns
A(1:0) Hold Time from Rising Edge of WR
tAHW
-2
-
ns
CE Setup Time to Rising Edge of WR
tCSW
10
-
ns
CE Hold Time from Rising Edge of WR
tCHW
-2
-
ns
tWL
5
-
ns
A(1:0) Setup Time to FALLING Edge of RD
tASR
8
-
ns
A(1:0) Hold Time from RISING Edge of RD
tAHR
-2
-
ns
RD Enable Time
tRE
-
11.5
ns
RD Disable Time (Note 9)
tRD
-
8
ns
RD to P(15:0) Data Valid Time
tDV
-
12
ns
CE Setup Time to Falling Edge of RD
tCSR
8
-
ns
CE Hold Time from Rising Edge of RD
tCHR
-2
-
ns
CLK to Serial Data, Sync and SCLK (Divide-by 2 through 16 Modes)
tPD
-
6.5
ns
CLK Low to SCLK Low (Divide-by 1 Mode, Note 9)
tPDL
-
6.5
ns
CLK High to SCLK High (Divide-by 1 Mode, Note 9)
tPDH
-
3
ns
Time Skew Between SCLK and Serial Data or Serial Sync (Divide-by 2 through 16 Modes,
Note 9)
tSKEW1
-1
1
ns
Time Skew Between SCLK and Serial Data or Serial Sync (Divide-by 1 Mode, Note 9)
tSKEW2
0.5
2
ns
Output Rise, Fall Time (Note 9)
MICROPROCESSOR WRITE TIMING
WR Low Time
MICROPROCESSOR READ TIMING
SERIAL CLOCK OUTPUT TIMING
NOTES:
8. The HSP50216 goes into reset immediately on RESET going low and comes out of reset on the 4th rising edge of CLK after RESET goes high.
9. Controlled via design or process parameters and not directly tested. Characterized upon initial design and at major process or design changes.
AC Test Load Circuit
S1
DUT
CL (NOTE)
±
NOTE - TEST HEAD CAPACITANCE, 40pF (TYP)
IOH
1.5V
SWITCH S1 OPEN FOR ICCSB AND ICCOP
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
48
IOL
HSP50216
Waveforms
1/fCLK
tCH
tCL
CLK
tDS
tDH
AIN, BIN, CIN, DIN, ENIA,
ENIB, ENIC, ENID, SYNCI
tPDC
SYNCO, INTRPT
tRW
tRS
RESET
FIGURE 3. INPUT AND CONTROL TIMING
RD
CE
WR
ADD(1:0)
P(15:0)
tDSW
tASW
tDHW
tAHW
tWL
tCSW
tCHW
FIGURE 4. MICROPROCESSOR WRITE TIMING
49
HSP50216
Waveforms
(Continued)
RD
CE
WR
ADD(1:0)
P(15:0)
tRE
tDV
tRD
tASR
tAHR
tCSR
tCHR
FIGURE 5. MICROPROCESSOR READ TIMING
CLK
SCLK
(/2 THROUGH /16)
SCLK
(DIVIDE BY 1)
tPDH
tPDL
SYNC
tSKEW
SDXX
tPD
FIGURE 6. SERIAL OUTPUT TIMING
2.0V
0.5V
tRF
tRF
FIGURE 7. OUTPUT RISE AND FALL TIMES
50
HSP50216
ROMd FIR Filters - Response Curves
0.0
0
-1.0
-20
N=1
-40
-2.0
-60
-3.0
dB
dB
N=1
-80
N=2
-4.0
N=5
-100
N=3
-5.0
N=4
-120
N=4
-6.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
N=2
N=3
0.3
0.4
N=5
-140
0.00
0.5
fS/R
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
fS/R
FIGURE 9. CIC FIRST ALIAS LEVEL (N = # OF STAGES,
R = DECIMATION FACTOR, fS/R = 1 is CIC
OUTPUT RATE)
FIGURE 8. CIC PASSBAND ROLLOFF (N = # OF STAGES,
R = DECIMATION FACTOR, fS/R = 1 is CIC
OUTPUT RATE)
0
0
-20
-10
-40
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-80
HBF1
HBF5
dB
dB
-60
HBF2
-100
-120
-140
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
2.5
fS/R
HBF4
HBF3
0
0.125
0.25
0.375
0.5
fS
NOTE: HBF4 not included in the ROMd Fir Filter Coefficient memory.
See Note 10 of Table 48.
FIGURE 11. ROMd HALFBAND FILTER FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
FIGURE 10. 5TH ORDER (N = 5) CIC RESPONSE
(R = DECIMATION FACTOR, fS/R = 1 is CIC
OUTPUT RATE)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
HBF3
HBF2
dB
HBF1
HBF5
HBF4
0
0.0625
0.125
0.1875
0.25
fS
NOTE: HBF4 not included in the ROMd Fir Filter Coefficient memory. See Note 10 of Table 48.
FIGURE 12. ROMd HALFBAND FILTER ALIAS FREQUENCY RESPONSE
51
HSP50216
ROMd FIR Filters - Response Curves
(Continued)
10
0
0
-10
MAGNITUDE (dB)
-40
-60
-80
-100
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
1
0.875
0.75
0.9375
FREQUENCY (RELATIVE TO fS)
0.8125
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0.625
9
0.6875
8
0.5625
7
0.5
6
0.375
5
0.4375
4
0.3125
3
0.25
2
0.125
1
0.1875
-80
-120
0.0625
MAGNITUDE (dB)
-20
FREQUENCY (RELATIVE TO fS)
NOTE: There is a 65dB limitation in SNR using the Re-Sampler Filter.
FIGURE 13. POLYPHASE RESAMPLER FILTER BROADBAND
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
FIGURE 14. POLYPHASE RESAMPLER FILTER PASS BAND
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
2
1
0
MAGNITUDE (dB)
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.5
0.4375
0.375
0.3125
0.25
0.1875
0.125
0.0625
0
-10
FREQUENCY (RELATIVE TO fS)
FIGURE 15. POLYPHASE RESAMPLER FILTER EXPANDED RESOLUTION PASSBAND FREQUENCY RESPONSE
52
HSP50216
TABLE 47. CIC PASSBAND AND ALIAS LEVELS
FREQUENCY
5TH ORDER
4TH ORDER
3RD ORDER
2ND ORDER
1ST ORDER
fS / R
PASSBAND
ALIAS
PASSBAND
ALIAS
PASSBAND
ALIAS
PASSBAND
ALIAS
PASSBAND
0
0
<-200
0
<-200
0
<-200
0
<-200
0
<-200
0.01
-0.007
-199.564
-0.006
-159.651
-0.004
-119.738
-0.003
-79.825
-0.001
-39.913
0.02
-0.029
-169.041
-0.023
-135.233
-0.017
-101.425
-0.011
-67.617
-0.006
-33.808
0.03
-0.064
-151.023
-0.051
-120.818
-0.039
-90.614
-0.026
-60.409
-0.013
-30.205
0.04
-0.114
-138.129
-0.091
-110.503
-0.069
-82.877
-0.046
-55.252
-0.023
-27.626
0.05
-0.179
-128.048
-0.143
-102.438
-0.107
-76.829
-0.071
-51.219
-0.036
-25.610
0.06
-0.257
-119.749
-0.206
-95.799
-0.154
-71.849
-0.103
-47.900
-0.051
-23.950
0.07
-0.351
-112.683
-0.280
-90.146
-0.210
-67.610
-0.140
-45.073
-0.070
-22.537
0.08
-0.458
-106.522
-0.367
-85.218
-0.275
-63.913
-0.183
-42.609
-0.092
-21.304
0.09
-0.580
-101.054
-0.464
-80.843
-0.348
-60.633
-0.232
-40.422
-0.116
-20.211
0.10
-0.717
-96.135
-0.573
-76.908
-0.430
-57.681
-0.287
-38.454
-0.143
-19.227
0.11
-0.868
-91.662
-0.694
-73.330
-0.521
-54.997
-0.347
-36.665
-0.174
-18.332
0.12
-1.034
-87.558
-0.827
-70.047
-0.620
-52.535
-0.413
-35.023
-0.207
-17.512
0.13
-1.214
-83.766
-0.971
-67.013
-0.728
-50.260
-0.486
-33.507
-0.243
-16.753
0.14
-1.409
-80.241
-1.127
-64.193
-0.846
-48.145
-0.564
-32.096
-0.282
-16.048
0.15
-1.619
-76.947
-1.295
-61.558
-0.972
-46.168
-0.648
-30.779
-0.324
-15.389
0.16
-1.844
-73.855
-1.475
-59.084
-1.107
-44.313
-0.738
-29.542
-0.369
-14.771
0.17
-2.084
-70.943
-1.667
-56.754
-1.251
-42.566
-0.834
-28.377
-0.417
-14.189
0.18
-2.340
-68.189
-1.872
-54.551
-1.404
-40.913
-0.936
-27.276
-0.468
-13.638
0.19
-2.610
-65.579
-2.088
-52.463
-1.566
-39.347
-1.044
-26.231
-0.522
-13.116
0.20
-2.896
-63.098
-2.317
-50.478
-1.737
-37.859
-1.158
-25.239
-0.579
-12.620
0.21
-3.197
-60.734
-2.558
-48.587
-1.918
-36.440
-1.279
-24.294
-0.639
-12.147
0.22
-3.514
-58.477
-2.811
-46.782
-2.108
-35.086
-1.406
-23.391
-0.703
-11.695
0.23
-3.847
-56.319
-3.077
-45.055
-2.308
-33.792
-1.539
-22.528
-0.769
-11.264
0.24
-4.195
-54.252
-3.356
-43.402
-2.517
-32.551
-1.678
-21.701
-0.839
-10.850
0.25
-4.560
-52.269
-3.648
-41.815
-2.736
-31.361
-1.824
-20.907
-0.912
-10.454
0.26
-4.941
-50.363
-3.953
-40.291
-2.965
-30.218
-1.976
-20.145
-0.988
-10.073
0.27
-5.338
-48.531
-4.271
-38.825
-3.203
-29.119
-2.135
-19.412
-1.068
-9.706
0.28
-5.752
-46.767
-4.602
-37.413
-3.451
-28.060
-2.301
-18.707
-1.150
-9.353
0.29
-6.183
-45.066
-4.946
-36.053
-3.710
-27.040
-2.473
-18.026
-1.237
-9.013
0.30
-6.631
-43.426
-5.305
-34.740
-3.978
-26.055
-2.652
-17.370
-1.326
-8.685
0.31
-7.096
-41.842
-5.677
-33.473
-4.257
-25.105
-2.838
-16.737
-1.419
-8.368
0.32
-7.578
-40.311
-6.063
-32.249
-4.547
-24.187
-3.031
-16.125
-1.516
-8.062
0.33
-8.078
-38.832
-6.463
-31.066
-4.847
-23.299
-3.231
-15.533
-1.616
-7.766
0.34
-8.596
-37.401
-6.877
-29.921
-5.158
-22.440
-3.439
-14.960
-1.719
-7.480
0.35
-9.133
-36.015
-7.306
-28.812
-5.480
-21.609
-3.653
-14.406
-1.827
-7.203
0.36
-9.688
-34.674
-7.750
-27.739
-5.813
-20.804
-3.875
-13.869
-1.938
-6.935
0.37
-10.262
-33.374
-8.209
-26.699
-6.157
-20.024
-4.105
-13.349
-2.052
-6.675
0.38
-10.854
-32.114
-8.684
-25.691
-6.513
-19.268
-4.342
-12.845
-2.171
-6.423
0.39
-11.467
-30.892
-9.174
-24.713
-6.880
-18.535
-4.587
-12.357
-2.293
-6.178
0.40
-12.099
-29.707
-9.679
-23.766
-7.260
-17.824
-4.840
-11.883
-2.420
-5.941
0.41
-12.752
-28.557
-10.201
-22.846
-7.651
-17.134
-5.101
-11.423
-2.550
-5.711
0.42
-13.425
-27.442
-10.740
-21.953
-8.055
-16.465
-5.370
-10.977
-2.685
-5.488
0.43
-14.119
-26.359
-11.295
-21.087
-8.472
-15.815
-5.648
-10.544
-2.824
-5.272
0.44
-14.835
-25.308
-11.868
-20.246
-8.901
-15.185
-5.934
-10.123
-2.967
-5.062
0.45
-15.573
-24.287
-12.458
-19.430
-9.344
-14.572
-6.229
-9.715
-3.115
-4.857
0.46
-16.333
-23.296
-13.066
-18.637
-9.800
-13.978
-6.533
-9.318
-3.267
-4.659
0.47
-17.116
-22.334
-13.693
-17.867
-10.270
-13.400
-6.847
-8.933
-3.423
-4.467
0.48
-17.923
-21.399
-14.339
-17.119
-10.754
-12.840
-7.169
-8.560
-3.585
-4.280
0.49
-18.754
-20.492
-15.003
-16.393
-11.253
-12.295
-7.502
-8.197
-3.751
-4.098
0.50
-19.610
-19.610
-15.688
-15.688
-11.766
-11.766
-7.844
-7.844
-3.922
-3.922
53
ALIAS
HSP50216
TABLE 48. DECIMATING HALFBAND FIR FILTER COEFFICIENTS
DECIMATING
HALFBAND #1
(DHBF #1, 7-TAP)
DECIMAL
DECIMATING
HALFBAND #2
(DHBF #2, 11-TAP)
HEX
COEFF
HEX
HEX
C0
FBFE40
- 0.031303406 00C250
0.005929947 FFD538
C1
000000
0.000000000 000000
C2
240100
C3
DECIMATING
HALFBAND #4
(DHBF #4, 19-TAP)
HEX
-0.00130558
000C68
0.000378609 FFF4A0
-0.000347137
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
0.281280518 F9B930
-0.049036026 0195A8
0.012379646 FF8320
-0.003810883 005258
0.00251293
3FFE80
0.499954224 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
C4
240100
0.281280518 258400
0.29309082
0276A0
0.019245148 FEB320
-0.010158539
C5
000000
0.000000000 3FFF00
0.499969482 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
C6
FBFE40
0.29309082
265480
0.299453735 F70D60
-0.069904327 03E920
0.03055191
F83FE0
-0.06055069
DECIMAL
DECIMATING
HALFBAND #5
(DHBF #1, 23-TAP)
DECIMAL
- 0.031303406 258400
DECIMAL
DECIMATING
HALFBAND #3
(DHBF #3, 15-TAP)
HEX
DECIMAL
C7
000000
0.000000000 3FFE80
0.499954224 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
C8
F9B930
-0.049036026 265480
0.299453735 26EC80
0.304092407 F581A0
-0.081981659
C9
000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 400000
0.500000000 000000
0.000000000
C10
00C250
0.005929947 F83FE0
26EC80
0.304092407 279B00
0.309417725
-0.06055069
C11
000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 400000
0.500000000
C12
0195A8
0.012379646 F70D60
-0.069904327 279B00
0.309417725
C13
000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
C14
FFD538
0276A0
0.019245148 F581A0
-0.081981659
C15
000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
C16
FF8320
-0.003810883 03E920
0.03055191
C17
000000
0.000000000 000000
0.000000000
C18
000C68
0.000378609 FEB320
-0.010158539
C19
000000
0.000000000
C20
005258
0.00251293
C21
000000
0.000000000
C22
FFF4A0
-0.000347137
-0.00130558
NOTES:
10. Decimating Halfband Filter #4 Coefficients are shown for reference only and if it is desired to implement this FIR filter these coefficients would
have to be loaded into the FIR Coefficient RAM (They are not included in the ROMd Fir Filter Coefficient memory).
11. The 22-bit ROMd FIR filter coefficients are located in the upper 22 bits of the Read register when read back from ROM memory (except for
Halfband #4). These bits occupy the upper six bytes (24 bits) with the two LSBs of the lower byte (bits 9:8 of 31:0) being zero. The decimal value
for the hexadecimal coefficient is calculated by first converting the hexadecimal value to decimal and the dividing by 223 (8388608).
54
HSP50216
TABLE 49. INTERPOLATING HALFBAND FIR FILTER COEFFICIENTS
INTERPOLATING HALFBAND #2
(IHBF #2, 15-TAP)
COEFF
HEX
DECIMAL
INTERPOLATING HALFBAND #1
(IHBF #1, 23-TAP)
HEX
DECIMAL
C0
FFAA24
-0.002620220
FFE944
-0.000693798
C1
000000
0.000000000
000000
0.000000000
C2
032B60
0.024761200
00A4B4
0.005026340
C3
000000
0.000000000
000000
0.000000000
C4
F07F40
-0.121116638
FD6640
-0.020317078
C5
000000
0.000000000
000000
0.000000000
C6
4CAB00
0.598968506
07D240
0.061103821
C7
800000
1.000000000
000000
0.000000000
C8
4CAB00
0.598968506
EB0340
-0.163963318
C9
000000
0.000000000
000000
0.000000000
C10
F07F40
-0.121116638
4F3600
0.618835449
C11
000000
0.000000000
800000
1.000000000
C12
032B60
0.024761200
4F3600
0.618835449
C13
000000
0.000000000
000000
0.000000000
C14
FFAA24
-0.002620220
EB0340
-0.163963318
C15
000000
0.000000000
C16
07D240
0.061103821
C17
000000
0.000000000
C18
FD6640
-0.020317078
C19
000000
0.000000000
C20
00A4B4
0.005026340
C21
000000
0.000000000
C22
FFE944
-0.000693798
NOTE:
12. The 22-bit ROMd FIR filter coefficients are located in the upper 22 bits of the Read
register when read back from ROM memory. These bits occupy the upper six
bytes (24 bits) with the two LSBs of the lower byte (bits 9:8 of 31:0) being zero.
The decimal value for the hexadecimal coefficient is calculated by first converting
the hexadecimal value to decimal and the dividing by 223 (8388608).
55
HSP50216
TABLE 50. RESAMPLER FIR FILTER COEFFICIENTS
COEFF
HEX
DECIMAL
COEFF
HEX
C 0 / 191
004000
0.001953125
C 32 / 159
FA3540
C 1 / 190
006910
0.003206253
C 33 / 158
C 2 / 189
007A90
0.003740311
C 3 / 188
008C90
C 4 / 187
DECIMAL
COEFF
HEX
DECIMAL
-0.045249939
C 64 / 127
0C2400
0.094848633
F97F00
-0.050811768
C 65 / 126
0F8600
0.121276855
C 34 / 157
F8C4C0
-0.056495667
C 66 / 125
131700
0.149139404
0.004289627
C 35 / 156
F80880
-0.062240601
C 67 / 124
16D400
0.178344727
009ED0
0.004846573
C 36 / 155
F74C40
-0.067985535
C 68 / 123
1ABA00
0.208801270
C 5 / 186
00B0E0
0.005397797
C 37 / 154
F691C0
-0.073677063
C 69 / 122
1EC500
0.240386963
C 6 / 185
00C230
0.005926132
C 38 / 153
F5DB80
-0.079238892
C 70 / 121
22F100
0.272979736
C 7 / 184
00D240
0.006416321
C 39 / 152
F52C00
-0.084594727
C 71 / 120
273A00
0.306457520
C 8 / 183
00E090
0.006853104
C 40 / 151
F48600
-0.089660645
C 72 / 119
2B9900
0.340606689
C 9 / 182
00ECC0
0.007225037
C 41 / 150
F3EC00
-0.094360352
C 73 / 118
300A00
0.375305176
C 10 / 181
00F620
0.007511139
C 42 / 149
F36140
-0.098594666
C 74 / 117
348800
0.410400391
C 11 / 180
00FBC0
0.007682800
C 43 / 148
F2E880
-0.102279663
C 75 / 116
390C00
0.445678711
C 12 / 179
00FCB0
0.007711411
C 44 / 147
F284C0
-0.105323792
C 76 / 115
3D9100
0.480987549
C 13 / 178
00F970
0.007612228
C 45 / 146
F23980
-0.107620239
C 77 / 114
420F00
0.516082764
C 14 / 177
00EFF0
0.007322311
C 46 / 145
F20940
-0.109092712
C 78 / 113
468200
0.550842285
C 15 / 176
00E050
0.006845474
C 47 / 144
F1F7C0
-0.109626770
C 79 / 112
4AE200
0.585021973
C 16 / 175
00C980
0.006149292
C 48 / 143
F20800
-0.109130859
C 80 / 111
4F2A00
0.618469238
C 17 / 174
00AAD0
0.005212784
C 49 / 142
F23C80
-0.107528687
C 81 / 110
535200
0.650939941
C 18 / 173
0083B0
0.004018784
C 50 / 141
F298C0
-0.104713440
C 82 / 109
575400
0.682250977
C 19 / 172
005370
0.002546310
C 51 / 140
F31F00
-0.100616455
C 83 / 108
5B2B00
0.712249756
C 20 / 171
0019A0
0.000782013
C 52 / 139
F3D280
-0.095138550
C 84 / 107
5ED000
0.740722656
C 21 / 170
FFD590
-0.001295090
C 53 / 138
F4B500
-0.088226318
C 85 / 106
623E00
0.767517090
C 22 / 169
FF86F0
-0.003694534
C 54 / 137
F5C900
-0.079803467
C 86 / 105
656E00
0.792419434
C 23 / 168
FF2D90
-0.006422043
C 55 / 136
F71040
-0.069816589
C 87 / 104
685D00
0.815338135
C 24 / 167
FEC930
-0.009485245
C 56 / 135
F88C40
-0.058219910
C 88 / 103
6B0500
0.836090088
C 25 / 166
FE59C0
-0.012886047
C 57 / 134
FA3E80
-0.044967651
C 89 / 102
6D6200
0.854553223
C 26 / 165
FDDF80
-0.016616821
C 58 / 133
FC27C0
-0.030036926
C 90 / 101
6F7000
0.870605469
C 27 / 164
FD5A60
-0.020679474
C 59 / 132
FE48C0
-0.013404846
C 91 / 100
712C00
0.884155273
C 28 / 163
FCCB00
-0.025054932
C 60 / 131
00A140
0.004920959
C 92 / 99
729200
0.895080566
C 29 / 162
FC31F0
-0.029726028
C 61 / 130
033140
0.024940491
C 93 / 98
73A100
0.903350830
C 30 / 161
FB9000
-0.034667969
C 62 / 129
05F7C0
0.046623230
C 94 / 97
745600
0.908874512
C 31 / 160
FAE600
-0.039855957
C 63 / 128
08F400
0.069946289
C 95 / 96
74B200
0.911682129
NOTE:
13. The 22-bit ROMd FIR filter coefficients are located in the upper 22 bits of the Read register when read back from ROM memory. These bits
occupy the upper six bytes (24 bits) with the two LSBs of the lower byte (bits 9:8 of 31:0) being zero. The decimal value for the hexadecimal
coefficient is calculated by first converting the hexadecimal value to decimal and the dividing by 223 (8388608).
56
HSP50216
.
TABLE 51. BIT WEIGHTING FOR AGC LOOP FEEDBACK PATH
GAIN
AGC
ERROR
GAIN
ACCUM
BIT
ERROR
BIT
POSITION INPUT WEIGHT
AGC LOOP FILTER GAIN
AGC LOOP
(EXPONENT)
FILTER
GAIN
AGC LOOP
FILTER GAIN MULTIPLIER SHIFT SHIFT SHIFT SHIFT
=0
=4
=8
= 15
(OUTPUT)
(MANTISSA)
AGC BIT WEIGHTS
LIMITS
TO
OUTPUT
SECTION
TO
μP
0
0
AGC GAIN
RESOLUTION
(dB)
31
2
2
2
2
30
2
2
2
2
3
E
E
48
29
2
2
2
2
2
E
E
24
28
2
2
2
2
1
E
E
12
27
15
=2
2
2
2
2
2
0
E
E
6
26
14
=1
1
2
2
2
1
-1
M
M
3
25
13
= 0.
0.
0.
2
2
2
0.
-2
M
M
1.5
24
12
=1
x
1
2
2
2
1
-3
M
M
0.75
23
11
=2
x
2
2
2
2
2
-4
M
M
0.375
22
10
=3
x
3
2
2
2
3
-5
M
M
0.1875
21
9
=4
x
4
2
2
2
4
-6
M
M
0.09375
20
8
=5
5
2
2
2
5
-7
M
M
0.04688
19
7
=6
6
2
2
1
6
-8
M
M
0.02344
18
6
=7
7
2
2
0.
7
-9
M
M
0.01172
17
5
=8
8
2
2
1
8
-10
M
M
0.00586
16
4
=9
9
2
2
2
9
-11
M
M
0.00293
15
3
= 10
10
2
1
3
10
-12
M
0.00146
14
2
= 11
11
2
0.
4
11
M
0.000732
13
1
= 12
12
2
1
5
12
M
0.000366
12
0
= 13
13
2
2
6
13
0.000183
14
1
3
7
14
0.0000916
10
0.
4
8
G
0.0000458
9
1
5
9
G
0.0000229
8
2
6
10
G
0.0000114
7
3
7
11
G
0.00000572
6
4
8
12
G
0.00000286
5
5
9
13
G
4
6
10
14
G
3
7
11
G
G
2
8
12
G
G
1
9
13
G
G
0
10
14
G
G
11
57
HSP50216
Plastic Ball Grid Array Packages (BGA)
o
A
A1 CORNER
V196.12x12
D
196 BALL PLASTIC BALL GRID ARRAY PACKAGE
INCHES
A1 CORNER I.D.
E
B
TOP VIEW
0.15
M C A B
0.006
0.08
M C
0.003
b
A1
CORNER
D1
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
S
A
S
A
A1
CORNER I.D.
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
-
0.059
-
1.50
-
A1
0.012
0.016
0.31
0.41
-
A2
0.037
0.044
0.93
1.11
-
b
0.016
0.020
0.41
0.51
7
D/E
0.468
0.476
11.90
12.10
-
D1/E1
0.405
0.413
10.30
10.50
-
N
196
196
-
e
0.032 BSC
0.80 BSC
-
MD/ME
14 x 14
14 x 14
3
bbb
0.004
0.10
-
aaa
0.005
0.12
Rev. 2 12/00
NOTES:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
E1
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
1. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch
dimensions are not necessarily exact.
e
7. Dimension “b” is measured at the maximum ball diameter,
parallel to the primary datum C.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5M-1994.
3. “MD” and “ME” are the maximum ball matrix size for the “D”
and “E” dimensions, respectively.
4. “N” is the maximum number of balls for the specific array size.
5. Primary datum C and seating plane are defined by the spherical crowns of the contact balls.
6. Dimension “A” includes standoff height “A1”, package body
thickness and lid or cap height “A2”.
ALL ROWS AND COLUMNS
8. Pin “A1” is marked on the top and bottom sides adjacent to A1.
BOTTOM VIEW
A1
A2
bbb C
9. “S” is measured with respect to datum’s A and B and defines
the position of the solder balls nearest to package centerlines. When there is an even number of balls in the outer row
the value is “S” = e/2.
aaa C
C
A
SEATING PLANE
SIDE VIEW
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58
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