Data Sheet, Rev. 2.2, January 2008
TCA3727G
2-phase Stepper Motor Driver
Bipolar IC
Automotive Power
2-phase Stepper Motor Driver
Bipolar IC
TCA3727G
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2 × 0.75 amp. / 50 V outputs
Integrated driver, control logic and current control
(chopper)
Fast free-wheeling diodes
Max. supply voltage 52 V
Outputs free of crossover current
Offset-phase turn-ON of output stages
Z-diode for logic supply
Low standby-current drain
Full, half, quarter, mini step
Green (RoHS compliant) thermally enhanced SO package
AEC Qualified
PG-DSO-24-13
Description
TCA3727G is a bipolar, monolithic IC for driving bipolar stepper motors, DC motors and other inductive loads that
operate on constant current. The control logic and power output stages for two bipolar windings are integrated on
a single chip which permits switched current control of motors with 0.75 A per phase at operating voltages up to
50 V.
The direction and value of current are programmed for each phase via separate control inputs. A common
oscillator generates the timing for the current control and turn-on with phase offset of the two output stages. The
two output stages in a full-bridge configuration have integrated, fast free-wheeling diodes and are free of crossover
current. The logic is supplied either separately with 5 V or taken from the motor supply voltage by way of a series
resistor and an integrated Z-diode. The device can be driven directly by a microprocessor with the possibility of all
modes from full step through half step to mini step.
Type
Package
Marking
TCA3727G
PG-DSO-24-13
TCA 3727G
Data Sheet
4
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Ι10
Ι11
Phase 1
OSC
GND
GND
GND
GND
Q11
R1
+ VS
Q12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Ι 20
Ι 21
Phase 2
Inhibit
GND
GND
GND
GND
Q21
R2
+VL
Q22
IEP00898
Figure 1
Pin Configuration (top view)
Table 1
Pin Definitions and Functions
Pin No.
Function
1, 2, 23, 24
Digital control inputs IX0, IX1 for the magnitude of the current of the particular phase.
See Table 2.
3
Input Phase 1; controls the current through phase winding 1. On H-potential the phase
current flows from Q11 to Q12, on L-potential in the reverse direction.
5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, Ground; all pins are connected internally.
20
4
Oscillator; works at approx. 25 kHz if this pin is wired to ground across 2.2 nF.
10
Resistor R1 for sensing the current in phase 1.
9, 12
Push-pull outputs Q11, Q12 for phase 1 with integrated free-wheeling diodes.
11
Supply voltage; block to ground, as close as possible to the IC, with a stable electrolytic
capacitor of at least 10 µF in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 220 nF.
14
Logic supply voltage; either supply with 5 V or connect to +VS across a series resistor. A
Z-diode of approx. 7 V is integrated. In both cases block to ground directly on the IC with
a stable electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 100 nF.
13, 16
Push-pull outputs Q22, Q21 for phase 2 with integrated free wheeling diodes.
15
Resistor R2 for sensing the current in phase 2.
21
Inhibit input; the IC can be put on standby by low potential on this pin. This reduces the
current consumption substantially.
22
Input phase 2; controls the current flow through phase winding 2. On H-potential the
phase current flows from Q21 to Q22, on L potential in the reverse direction.
Data Sheet
5
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Table 2
Digital Control Inputs IX0, IX1
typical Imax with Rsense = 1 Ω, 750 mA
IX1
IX0
Phase Current
Example of Motor Status
H
H
0
No current
H
L
1/3 Imax
Hold
L
H
2/3 Imax
Set
L
L
Imax
Accelerate
+ VS
11
+VL
14
4
Oscillator
D11
D12
T11
Ι10
1
Ι11
2
Phase 1
3
Inhibit
21
T12
Functional
Logic
Phase 1
D14
T13
T14
Q12
R1
Inhibit
D21
D22
T22
16
Q21
24
Phase 2
D23
Ι21
23
Phase 2
22
Functional
Logic
Phase 2
T23
D24
T24
13
15
5-8, 17-19
GND
Data Sheet
12
10
T21
Figure 2
Q11
Phase 1
D13
Ι20
9
Q22
R2
IEB00899
Block Diagram TCA 3727G
6
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Table 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings
TA = -40 to 125 °C
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit
Remarks
Min.
Max.
0
52
V
–
0
6.5
V
Z-diode
–
50
mA
–
-1
1
A
–
-2
2
A
–
-6
V
IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit
-0.3
VL + 0.3
VL + 0.3
V
–
Junction temperature
VS
VL
IL
IQ
IGND
VIXX
VRX, VOSC
Tj
–
–
125
150
°C
°C
–
max. 10,000 h
Storage temperature
Tstg
-50
125
°C
–
Supply voltage
Logic supply voltage
Z-current of VL
Output current
Ground current
Logic inputs
R1, R2, oscillator input voltage
Note: Stresses above those listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Table 4
Operating Range
Parameter
Supply voltage
Logic supply voltage
Case temperature
Output current
Logic inputs
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit
Remarks
Min.
Max.
VS
VL
TC
5
50
V
–
4.5
6.5
V
without series resistor
-40
110
°C
measured on pin 5 Pdiss
=2W
IQ
VIXX
-1000
1000
mA
–
-5
VL
V
IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit
Thermal Resistances
Rth ja
–
75
K/W
PG-DSO-24-13
Junction ambient
Rth ja
2
(soldered on a 35 µm thick 20 cm PC board
copper area)
–
50
K/W
PG-DSO-24-13
Rth jc
–
15
K/W
measured on pin 5 PGDSO-24-13
Junction ambient
Junction case
Note: In the operating range, the functions given in the circuit description are fulfilled.
Data Sheet
7
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Table 5
Characteristics
VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 °C ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit
Test Condition
Vinh = L
Vinh = H
IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L
Vinh = L
Vinh = H
IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L
Min.
Typ.
Max.
IS
IS
–
0.2
0.5
mA
–
16
20
mA
IL
IL
–
1.7
3
mA
–
18
25
mA
IOSC
VOSCL
VOSCH
fOSC
–
110
–
µA
–
–
1.3
–
V
–
–
2.3
–
V
–
18
25
35
kHz
COSC = 2.2 nF
Vsense n
Vsense h
Vsense s
Vsense a
–
0
–
mV
IX0 = H; IX1 = H
200
250
300
mV
IX0 = L; IX1 = H
460
540
620
mV
IX0 = H; IX1 = L
740
825
910
mV
IX0 = L; IX1 = L
Threshold
VI
1.4
(H→L)
–
2.3
(L→H)
V
–
L-input current
IIL
IIL
IIH
-10
–
–
µA
-100
–
–
µA
–
–
10
µA
VI = 1.4 V
VI = 0 V
VI = 5 V
VInh (L→H)
VInh (H→L)
VInhhy
2
3
4
V
–
1.7
2.3
2.9
V
–
0.3
0.7
1.1
V
–
VLZ
6.5
7.4
8.2
V
IL = 50 mA
IQ = -0.5 A
IQ = -0.75 A
VQ = 40 V
IQ = 0.5 A
IQ = 0.75 A
Current Consumption
from +VS
from +VS
from +VL
from +VL
Oscillator
Output charging current
Charging threshold
Discharging threshold
Frequency
Phase Current Selection (R1; R2)
Current Limit Threshold
No current
Hold
Setpoint
Accelerate
Logic Inputs (IX1; IX0; Phase x)
L-input current
H-input current
Standby Cutout (inhibit)
Threshold
Threshold
Hysteresis
Internal Z-Diode
Z-voltage
Power Outputs
Diode Transistor Sink Pair (D13, T13; D14, T14; D23, T23; D24, T24)
Saturation voltage
Saturation voltage
Reverse current
Forward voltage
Forward voltage
Data Sheet
Vsatl
Vsatl
IRl
VFl
VFl
–
0.3
0.6
V
–
0.5
1
V
–
–
300
µA
–
0.9
1.3
V
–
1
1.4
V
8
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Table 5
Characteristics (cont’d)
VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 °C ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Min.
Typ.
Unit
Test Condition
IQ = 0.5 A; charge
IQ = 0.5 A; discharge
IQ = 0.75 A; charge
IQ = 0.75 A; discharge
VQ = 0 V
IQ = -0.5 A
IQ = -0.75 A
IF = -0.75 A
Max.
Diode Transistor Source Pair (D11, T11; D12, T12; D21, T21; D22, T22)
Saturation voltage
Saturation voltage
Saturation voltage
Saturation voltage
Reverse current
Forward voltage
Forward voltage
Diode leakage current
VsatuC
VsatuD
VsatuC
VsatuD
IRu
VFu
VFu
ISL
–
0.9
1.2
V
–
0.3
0.7
V
–
1.1
1.4
V
–
0.5
1
V
–
–
300
µA
–
1
1.3
V
–
1.1
1.4
V
–
1
2
mA
Note: The listed characteristics are ensured over the operating range of the integrated circuit. Typical
characteristics specify mean values expected over the production spread. If not otherwise specified, typical
characteristics apply at TA = 25 °C and the given supply voltage.
Data Sheet
9
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Supply Voltage VS)
Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Junction Temperature Tj
IED01655
40
IED01656
40
mA
mA
Ι S, Ι L
Ι S, Ι L
T j = 25 C
30
30
Ι XX = L
ΙL
20
Ι XX = H
V S = 40V
ΙL
20
Ι XX = L
ΙL
ΙL
10
10
Ι XX = H
ΙS
ΙS
0
0
0
10
20
30
V
VS
50
Output Current IQX versus Junction Temperature Tj
IED01657
800
Ι QX
mA
600
-25
0
25
50
75 100 C 150
Tj
Operating Condition:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
VL = 5 V
VInh = H
COSC = 2.2 nF
Rsense = 1 Ω
Load: L = 10 mH, R = 2.4 Ω
fphase = 50 Hz
mode: fullstep
400
200
0
-25
Data Sheet
0
25
50
75 100 C 150
Tj
10
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Output Saturation Voltages Vsat
versus Output Current IQ
Forward Current IF of Free-Wheeling
Diodes versus Forward Voltages VF
ΙF
IED01167
1.0
A
V Fl
V Fu
0.8
T j = 25 C
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
V
1.0
1.5
VF
Typical Power Dissipation Ptot versus
Output Current IQ (non stepping)
Permissible Power Dissipation Ptot
versus Case Temperature TC
IED01660
12
Measured
at pin 5.
W
Ptot
10
P-DSO-24
8
6
4
2
0
-25
Data Sheet
11
0
25 50 75 100 125 C 175
Tc
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Input Current of Inhibit versus Junction Temperature Tj
Input Characteristics of IXX, Phase X, Inhibit
IED01661
0.8
mA
Ι IXX 0.6
V L = 5V
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-6
-5
-2
3.9
2
V
6
V IXX
Oscillator Frequency fOSC versus Junction Temperature Tj
30
kHz
f OSC
IED01663
V S = 40V
V L = 5V
COSZ = 2.2nF
25
20
15
-25 0
Data Sheet
25 50 75 100 125 C 150
Tj
12
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
100 µF
Ι ΙL
Ι ΙH
220 nF
1
Ι10
2
Ι11
3
ΙL
ΙS
14
11
VL
Q11
Inhibit
Q12
TCA 3727
24
Ι 20
Q21
23
Ι 21
Q22
22
Phase 2
OSC
4
VΙ L
VΙ H
Ι OSC VOSC
2.2 nF
VS
VS
Phase 1
21
100 µF
220 nF
15
10
ΙQ
- Ι Fu
12
VSatu
- VFu
-ΙR
Ι Ru
VSatl
16
13
GND
5, 6
7,8,17,18,19,20
R1
1Ω
R2
1Ω
VSense
9
- VFl
VSense
Ι GND
IES00706
Figure 3
Test Circuit
+5 V
+40 V
100 µF
220 nF
1
2
3
Micro
Controller
21
24
23
22
Ι10
100 µF
220 nF
14
VL
11
VS
Q11
Ι11
Phase 1
Inhibit
Q12
TCA 3727
Ι 20
Q21
Ι 21
Q22
Phase 2
OSC
4
5
R2
1Ω
2.2 nF
10
R1
1Ω
9
12
16
13
M
GND
5, 6,7,8
17,18,19,20
IES00707
Figure 4
Data Sheet
Application Circuit
13
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Normal Mode
Accelerate Mode
H
Ι 10
L
t
H
Ι 11
L
Phase 1
t
H
L
t
i acc
i set
Ι Q1
t
i set
i acc
i acc
i set
Ι Q2
t
i set
i acc
Phase 2
Ι 20
Ι 21
t
H
L
t
H
L
t
H
L
IED01666
Figure 5
Data Sheet
Full-Step Operation
14
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Normal Mode
Accelerate Mode
Ι 10
H
L
Ι 11
H
L
Phase 1
H
L
t
t
t
i acc
i set
Ι Q1
t
- i set
- i acc
i acc
i set
Ι Q2
t
- i set
- i acc
Phase 2
H
L
Ι 20
H
L
Ι 21
t
t
H
L
t
IED01667
Figure 6
Data Sheet
Half-Step Operation
15
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 7
Data Sheet
Quarter-Step Operation
16
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Ι 10
H
Ι 11
H
Phase 1
L
t
L
t
H
L
t
i acc
i set
i hold
Ι Q1
t
i hold
i set
i acc
i acc
i set
i hold
Ι Q2
t
i hold
i set
i acc
Phase 2
H
L
Ι 20
H
Ι 21
H
t
L
t
L
t
IED01665
Figure 8
Data Sheet
Mini-Step Operation
17
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
V Osc
2.4 V
1.4 V
0
T
t
Ι GND
0
t
V Q12
+ VS
V FU
V sat 1
0
t
V Q11
V satu D
+ VS
V satu C
t
V Q22
+ VS
0
t
V Q21
+ VS
t
Operating conditions:
VS
VL
L phase x
R phase x
V phase x
V Inhibit
V xx
Figure 9
Data Sheet
= 40 V
=5V
= 10 mH
= 20 Ω
=H
=H
=L
IED01177
Current Control
18
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Inhibit
L
V Osc
t
2.3 V
1.3 V
0
Oscillator
High Imped.
Oscillator
High Imped.
t
Phase Changeover
Phase 1
L
Ι GND
t
ΙN
0
t
V Fu
V Q11
Vsatu C
Vsatu D
+V S
High
Impedance
V Fl
V satl
High
Impedance
t
V Q12
+V S
High
Impedance
t
Ι Phase 1
Slow Current Decay
Operating Conditions:
= 40 V
VS
=5V
VΙ
L phase 1 = 10 mH
R phase 1 = 20 Ω
Ι 1X
= L; Ι 1X = H
Figure 10
Data Sheet
t
Fast Current Decay
Slow
Current Decay
Fast
Current
Decay by
Inhibit
IED01178
Phase Reversal and Inhibit
19
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Calculation of Power Dissipation
The total power dissipation Ptot is made up of
•
•
•
saturation losses Psat (transistor saturation voltage and diode forward voltages),
quiescent losses Pq (quiescent current times supply voltage) and
switching losses Ps (turn-ON / turn-OFF operations).
The following equations give the power dissipation for chopper operation without phase reversal. This is the worst
case, because full current flows for the entire time and switching losses occur in addition.
Ptot = 2 × Psat + Pq + 2 × Ps
(1)
where
•
•
Psat ≅ IN {Vsatl × d + VFu (1 - d) + VsatuC × d + VsatuD (1 - d)}
P q = Iq × V S + IL × V L
V i D × t DON i D + i R × t ON I N
P S ≅ ------S ---------------------+ ------------------------------ + ----- t DOFF + t OFF
T
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2
4
2
(2)
IN = nominal current (mean value)
Iq = quiescent current
iD = reverse current during turn-on delay
iR = peak reverse current
tp = conducting time of chopper transistor
tON = turn-ON time
tOFF = turn-OFF time
tDON = turn-ON delay
tDOFF = turn-OFF delay
T = cycle duration
d = duty cycle tp/T
Vsatl = saturation voltage of sink transistor (T3, T4)
VsatuC = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during charge cycle
VsatuD = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during discharge cycle
VFu = forward voltage of free-wheeling diode (D1, D2)
VS = supply voltage
VL = logic supply voltage
IL = current from logic supply
Data Sheet
20
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
+V S
Tx1
Dx1
Dx2
Tx2
L
Tx3
Dx3
Dx4
Tx4
V sense
R sense
IES01179
Figure 11
Voltage and
Current at
Chopper
Transistor
Turn-ON
Turn-OFF
iR
ΙN
iD
VS + VFu
VS + VFu
Vsatl
t D ON
t D OFF
t ON
tp
t OFF
t
IET01210
Figure 12
Data Sheet
21
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Application Hints
The TCA3727G is intended to drive both phases of a stepper motor. Special care has been taken to provide high
efficiency, robustness and to minimize external components.
Power Supply
The TCA3727G will work with supply voltages ranging from 5 V to 50 V at pin VS. As the circuit operates with
chopper regulation of the current, interference generation problems can arise in some applications. Therefore the
power supply should be decoupled by a 0.22 µF ceramic capacitor located near the package. Unstabilized
supplies may even afford higher capacities.
Current Sensing
The current in the windings of the stepper motor is sensed by the voltage drop across R1 and R2. Depending on
the selected current internal comparators will turn off the sink transistor as soon as the voltage drop reaches
certain thresholds (typical 0 V, 0.25 V, 0.5 V and 0.75 V); (R1, R2 = 1 Ω). These thresholds are neither affected by
variations of VL nor by variations of VS.
Due to chopper control fast current rises (up to 10 A/µs) will occur at the sensing resistors R1 and R2. To prevent
malfunction of the current sensing mechanism R1 and R2 should be pure ohmic. The resistors should be wired to
GND as directly as possible. Capacitive loads such as long cables (with high wire to wire capacity) to the motor
should be avoided for the same reason.
Synchronizing Several Choppers
In some applications synchronous chopping of several stepper motor drivers may be desirable to reduce acoustic
interference. This can be done by forcing the oscillator of the TCA3727G by a pulse generator overdriving the
oscillator loading currents (approximately ≥ ±100 µA). In these applications low level should be between 0 V and
1 V while high level should be between 2.6 V and VL.
Optimizing Noise Immunity
Unused inputs should always be wired to proper voltage levels in order to obtain highest possible noise immunity.
To prevent crossconduction of the output stages the TCA3727G uses a special break before make timing of the
power transistors. This timing circuit can be triggered by short glitches (some hundred nanoseconds) at the Phase
inputs causing the output stage to become high resistive during some microseconds. This will lead to a fast current
decay during that time. To achieve maximum current accuracy such glitches at the Phase inputs should be
avoided by proper control signals.
Thermal Shut Down
To protect the circuit against thermal destruction, thermal shut down has been implemented. To provide a warning
in critical applications, the current of the sensing element is wired to input Inhibit. Before thermal shut down occurs
Inhibit will start to pull down by some hundred microamperes. This current can be sensed to build a temperature
prealarm.
Data Sheet
22
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
1.27
+0.0
9
7.6 -0.2 1)
8˚ MAX.
0.35 x 45˚
0.23
2.65 MAX.
2.45 -0.2
0.2 -0.1
Package Outlines
0.4 +0.8
0.35 +0.15
0.1
2)
10.3 ±0.3
0.2 24x
24
13
1
15.6 -0.4
1)
12
Index Marking
1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.15 max. per side
2) Lead width can be 0.61 max. in dambar area
P/PG-DSO-24-1, -3, -8, -9, -13, -15, -16-PO V01
Figure 13
PG-DSO-24-13
Green Product (RoHS compliant)
To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with
government regulations the device is available as a green product. Green products are RoHS-Compliant (i.e
Pb-free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020).
For further information on alternative packages, please visit our website:
http://www.infineon.com/packages.
Data Sheet
23
Dimensions in mm
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Revision History
Revision
Date
Changes
2.2
2009-01-22
Final Green Data Sheet version of TCA3727G
Page 11 : Removed P-DIP-20 reference in Permissible Power Dissipation vs.
Case Temperature curve.
Page 13 : Updated Figure 3 and 4 to PG-DSO-24-13 pinout
2.1
2008-12-04
Initial version of RoHS-compliant derivate of TCA3727
Page 1: AEC certified statement added
Page 1 and 24: added RoHS compliance statement and Green product feature
Page 1 and 24: Package changed to RoHS compliant version
Page 25-26: added Revision History, updated Legal Disclaimer
2.0
2007-06-25
Final Data Sheet
1.0
1998-12-16
Initial Release
Data Sheet
24
Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Edition 2009-01-22
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2009 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
Legal Disclaimer
The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or
characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any
information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties
and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights
of any third party.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest
Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
Warnings
Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in
question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written
approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure
of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support
devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain
and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may
be endangered.