RFMD2081 RFMD2081 45MHz TO 2700MHz IQ MODULATOR WITH SYNTHESIZER/VCO Package: QFN, 32-Pin, 5mm x 5mm Features RF Output Frequency Range 45MHz to 2700MHz Fully Integrated Wideband VCOs and LO Buffers Ref. divider Integrated Phase Noise <0.2° rms at 1GHz -40dBc Unadjusted Carrier Suppression -40dBc Unadjusted Sideband Suppression 100MHz Baseband Input 3dB Bandwidth Very Low Noise Floor -162dBm/Hz Typical Output P1dB + 4dBm Output IP3 + 17dBm 2.7V to 3.3V Power Supply Synth Typical Step Size 1.5Hz Phase det . Fractional-N Synthesizer with Very Low Spurious Levels 135mA Typical Current Consumption Serial Programming Interface Applications Satellite Communications QPSK/QAM Modulators Wireless Broadband Point-to-Point Software Defined Radios Functional Block Diagram Product Description The RFMD2081 is a low power, wideband, IQ modulator with integrated fractional-N synthesizer and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The modulator features an input 3dB bandwidth of 100MHz, and can generate output frequencies of between 45MHz and 2700MHz, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. The fractional-N synthesizer takes advantage of an advanced sigma-delta architecture that delivers ultra-fine step sizes and low spurious products. The synthesizer/VCO, combined with an external loop filter, allows the user to generate local oscillator (LO) signals from 90MHz to 5400MHz. The LO signal is buffered and routed to a high accuracy quadrature divider (/2) that drives the balanced I and Q mixers. The output of the mixers are summed and applied to a differential RF output stage. This device also features a differential input for an external VCO or LO source. Device programming is achieved via a simple 3-wire serial interface. In addition, a unique programming mode allows up to four devices to be controlled from a common serial bus. This eliminates the need for separate chip-select control lines between each device and the host controller. Up to six general purpose outputs are provided, which can be used to access internal signals (the LOCK signal, for example) or to control front end components. The device is optimized for low power operation, consuming typically only 135mA from a 3V supply. Optimum Technology Matching® Applied GaAs HBT GaAs MESFET InGaP HBT SiGe BiCMOS Si BiCMOS SiGe HBT GaAs pHEMT Si CMOS Si BJT GaN HEMT RF MEMS LDMOS RF MICRO DEVICES®, RFMD®, Optimum Technology Matching®, Enabling Wireless Connectivity™, PowerStar®, POLARIS™ TOTAL RADIO™ and UltimateBlue™ are trademarks of RFMD, LLC. BLUETOOTH is a trademark owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc., U.S.A. and licensed for use by RFMD. All other trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2011, RF Micro Devices, Inc. DS140110 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 1 of 18 RFMD2081 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply Voltage (VDD) Input Voltage (VIN), any pin Rating Unit -0.5 to +3.6 V -0.3 to VDD +0.3 V +15 dBm Operating Temperature Range -40 to +85 °C Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C LO Input Power Caution! ESD sensitive device. Exceeding any one or a combination of the Absolute Maximum Rating conditions may cause permanent damage to the device. Extended application of Absolute Maximum Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Absolute Maximum Rating conditions is not implied. The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by RF Micro Devices, Inc. ("RFMD") for its use, nor for any infringement of patents, or other rights of third parties, resulting from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of RFMD. RFMD reserves the right to change component circuitry, recommended application circuitry and specifications at any time without prior notice. RFMD Green: RoHS compliant per EU Directive 2002/95/EC, halogen free per IEC 61249-2-21, < 1000ppm each of antimony trioxide in polymeric materials and red phosphorus as a flame retardant, and <2% antimony in solder. Parameter Min. Specification Typ. Max. Unit Condition ESD Requirements Human Body Model Charge Device Model 2000 V DC Pins 1500 V All Pins 1000 V All Pins Operating Conditions Supply Voltage (VDD) 2.7 3.3 V Temperature -40 +85 °C Input Low voltage -0.3 +0.5 V Input High voltage VDD / 1.5 VDD V Input Low current -10 +10 A Input = 0V Input High current -10 +10 A Input = VDD Output Low voltage 0 0.2*VDD V Output High voltage 0.8*VDD VDD Logic Inputs/Outputs (VDD = Supply to DIG_VDD pin) Load Resistance 10 V k Load Capacitance 20 pF GPO Drive Capability Sink Current 20 mA At VOL = +0.6V Source Current 20 mA At VOL = +2.4V Output Impedance 25 Static Supply Current (IDD) Standby Power Down Current 2 of 18 135 mA 1.3V Input DC Bias 2 mA Reference Oscillator and Bandgap Only 300 A ENBL = 0 and REF_STBY = 0 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Parameter Min. Specification Typ. Max. Unit Condition Modulator (Output driving 4:1 balun) I & Q Input 3dB Bandwidth 100 MHz Differential with 1.3V Input DC Bias I & Q Input Voltage 1 VP-P Output Power -4 dBm Output Noise Floor -162 dBm/Hz Output IP3 +17 dBm 1.3V Input DC Bias Output P1dB +4 dBm 1.3V Input DC Bias Carrier Suppression -40 dBc Unadjusted Carrier Suppression -50 dBc Input DC Bias Offset Adjusted dBc Unadjusted Sideband Suppression -40 Output Port Center Frequency Range 45 2700 MHz External Reference Frequency 10 104 MHz Reference Divider Ratio 1 7 At 10MHz Offset with 1.3V Input DC Bias Reference Oscillator External Reference Input Level 500 800 1500 mVP-P 5400 MHz AC-coupled Synthesizer (PLL closed loop, 52MHz reference) Synthesizer Output frequency 90 Phase Detector Frequency 52 Phase Noise, LO=1GHz Phase Noise, LO=2GHz MHz -108 dBc/Hz 10kHz Offset -108 dBc/Hz 100kHz Offset -135 dBc/Hz 0.19 Deg 1MHz Offset RMS Integrated from 1KHz to 40MHz -102 dBc/Hz 10kHz Offset -102 dBc/Hz 100kHz Offset 1MHz Offset -130 dBc/Hz 0.32 Deg RMS Integrated from 1KHz to 40MHz -214 dBc/Hz Measured at 20kHz to 30kHz Offset 2.5GHz LO Frequency -134 dBc/Hz VCO3, LO Divide by 2 2.0GHz LO Frequency -135 dBc/Hz VCO2, LO Divide by 2 1.5GHz LO Frequency -136 dBc/Hz VCO1, LO Divide by 2 Normalized phase noise floor Voltage Controlled Oscillator Open Loop Phase Noise at 1MHz Offset Open loop phase noise at 10MHz offset 2.5GHz LO Frequency -149 dBc/Hz VCO3, LO Divide by 2 2.0GHz LO Frequency -150 dBc/Hz VCO2, LO Divide by 2 1.5GHz LO Frequency -151 dBc/Hz VCO1, LO Divide by 2 External LO Input LO Input Frequency Range External LO Input Level DS140110 90 5400 0 MHz dBm Driven from 50 source via a 1:1 balun 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 3 of 18 RFMD2081 Pin Names and Descriptions Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Name ENBL/GPO5 EXT_LO EXT_LO_DEC REXT ANA_VDD1 LFILT1 LFILT2 LFILT3 MODE/GPO6 REF_IN NC TM RF_OUT_N RF_OUT_P GPO1/ADD1 GPO2/ADD2 DIG_VDD MOD_Q_N MOD_Q_P NC NC MOD_I_N MOD_I_P ANA_VDD2 GPO3 GPO4/LD/DO NC NC RESETX ENX SCLK SDATA Exposed Paddle Description Device Enable pin (see note 1 and 2). External local oscillator input. Use AC coupling capacitor. Decoupling pin for external local oscillator. Use AC coupling capacitor. External bandgap bias resistor (see note 3). Analog supply. Use good RF decoupling. Phase detector output. Low-frequency noise-sensitive node. Loop filter op-amp output. Low-frequency noise-sensitive node. VCO control input. Low-frequency noise-sensitive node. Mode select pin (see notes 1 and 2). Reference input. Use AC coupling capacitor. Connect to ground. Differential output (see note 5). Differential output (see note 5). General purpose output / MultiSlice address bit. General purpose output / MultiSlice address bit. Digital supply. Should be decoupled as close to the pin as possible. Modulator Q differential input (see note 4). Modulator Q differential input (see note 4). Modulator I differential input (see note 4). Modulator I differential input (see note 4). Analog supply. Use good RF decoupling. General purpose output General purpose output / Lock detect output / serial data out. Chip reset (active low). Connect to DIG_VDD if asynchronous reset is not required. Serial interface select (active low) (See note 1). Serial interface clock (See note 1). Serial interface data (See note 1). Ground reference, should be connected to PCB ground through a low impedance path. Notes: 1. An RC low pass filter may be used on this line to reduce digital noise. 2. If the device is under software control this input can be configured as a general purpose output (GPO). 3. Connect a 51K resistor from this pin to ground. This pin is sensitive to low frequency noise injection. 4. DC bias voltage and modulation should be applied to this pin. 5. This pin must be connected to ANA_VDD2 using an RF choke or center tapped transformer (see application schematic). 4 of 18 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Theory of Operation The RFMD2081 is a wideband IQ modulator with integrated fractional-N synthesizer and a low noise VCO core. It features a high accuracy LO quadrature divider followed by buffer circuits which drive the I and Q mixers of the modulator with the quadrature LO signals. The RFMD2081 has an integrated voltage reference and low drop out regulators supplying critical circuit blocks such as the VCOs and synthesizer. Synthesizer programming, device configuration and control are achieved through a mixture of hardware and software controls. All on-chip registers are programmed through a simple three-wire serial interface. VCO The VCO core in the RFMD2081 consists of three VCOs which, in conjunction with the integrated LO dividers of /1 to /32, cover the frequency range of 90MHz to 5400MHz. The modulator quadrature divider provides a further fixed divide by two to give the center frequency range at the modulator output of 45MHz to 2700MHz. Each VCO has 128 overlapping bands which are used to achieve low VCO gain and optimal phase noise performance across the whole tuning range. The chip automatically selects the correct VCO (VCO auto-select) and the correct VCO band (VCO coarse tuning) to generate the desired LO frequency based on the values programmed into the PLL1 and PLL2 registers banks. The VCO auto-select and VCO coarse tuning are triggered every time ENBL is taken high, or if the PLL re-lock self clearing bit is programmed high. Once the correct VCO and band have been selected the PLL will lock onto the correct frequency. During the band selection process fixed capacitance elements are progressively connected to the VCO resonant circuit until the VCO is oscillating at approximately the correct frequency. The output of this band selection, CT_CAL, is made available in the readback register. A value of 127 or 0 in this register indicates that the coarse tuning was unsuccessful, and this should also be indicated by the CT_FAILED flag also available in the read-back register. A value between 1 and 126 indicates a successful calibration, the actual value being dependent on the desired frequency as well as process variation for a particular device. The band select process will center the VCO tuning voltage at about 0.8V, compensating for manufacturing tolerances and process variation as well as environmental factors including temperature. In applications where the device is left enabled at the same LO frequency for some time it is recommended that automatic band selection be performed for every 30°C change in temperature. This assumes an active loop filter. The RFMD2081 features a differential LO input to allow the mixer to be driven from an external LO source. The fractional-N PLL can be used with an external VCO driven into this LO input, which may be useful to reduce phase noise in some applications. This may also require an external op-amp, dependant on the tuning voltage required by the external VCO. Fractional-N PLL The RFMD2081 contains a charge-pump based fractional-N phase locked loop (PLL) for controlling the three VCOs. The PLL includes automatic calibration systems to counteract the effects of process and environmental variations, ensuring repeatable loop response and phase noise performance. As well as the VCO auto-select and coarse tuning, there is a loop filter calibration mechanism which can be enabled if required. This operates by adjusting the charge pump current to maintain loop bandwidth. This can be useful for applications where the LO is tuned over a wide frequency range. The PLL has been designed to use a reference frequency of between 10MHz and 104MHz from an external source, which is typically a temperature controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO). A reference divider (divide by 1 to divide by 7) is supplied and should be programmed to limit the frequency at the phase detector to a maximum of 52MHz. Two PLL programming banks are provided, the first bank is preceded by the label PLL1 and the second bank is preceded by the label PLL2. The active register bank is selected by the state of the MODE pin, low for PLL1 and high for PLL2. The VCO outputs are first divided down in a high frequency prescalar. The output of this high frequency prescalar then enters the N divider, which is a fractional divider containing a dual-modulus prescalar and a digitally spur-compensated fractional sequence generator. This allows very fine frequency steps and minimizes fractional spurs. The fractional energy is randomized and appears as fractional noise at frequency offsets above 100kHz which will be attenuated by the loop filter. An external loop filter is used, giving flexibility in setting loop bandwidth for optimizing phase noise and lock time for example. DS140110 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 5 of 18 RFMD2081 The synthesizer step size is typically 1.5Hz when using a 26MHz reference frequency. The exact step size for any reference and LO frequency can be calculated using the following formula: (FREF * P) / (R * 224 * LO_DIV*2) Where FREF is the reference frequency, R is the reference division ratio, P is the prescalar division ratio, and LO_DIV is the LO divider value. Pin 26 (GPO4) can be configured as a lock detect pin. The lock status is also available in the read-back register. The lock detect function is a window detector on the VCO tuning voltage. The lock flag will be high to show PLL lock which corresponds to the VCO tuning voltage being within the specified range, typically 0.30V to 1.25V. The lock time of the PLL will depend on a number of factors; including the loop bandwidth and the reference frequency at the phase detector. This clock frequency determines the speed at which the state machine and internal calibrations run. A 52MHz phase detector frequency will give fastest lock times, of typically <50secs when using the PLL re-lock bit. Phase Detector and Charge Pump The phase detector provides a current output to drive an active loop filter. The charge pump output current is set by the value contained in the P1_CP_DEF and P2_CP_DEF fields in the loop filter configuration register. The charge pump current is given by approximately 3A/bit, and the fields are 6 bits long. This gives default value (31) of 93A and maximum value (63) of 189A. If the automatic loop bandwidth calibration is enabled the charge pump current is set by the calibration algorithm based upon the VCO gain. The phase detector will operate with a maximum input frequency of 52MHz. Loop Filter The active loop filter is implemented using the on-chip low noise op-amp, with external resistors and capacitors. The op-amp gives a tuning voltage range of typically +0.1V to +2.4V. The internal configuration of the chip is shown below with the recommended active loop filter. The loop filter shown is designed to give lowest integrated phase noise, for reference frequencies of between 26MHz and 52MHz. The external loop filter components give the flexibility to optimize the loop response for any particular application and combination of reference and VCO frequencies. 8p2 LFILT1 180p 22K LFILT2 470R 330p +1.1V 470R LFILT3 330p External Reference The RFMD2081 have been designed to use an external reference such as a TCXO. The typical input will be a 0.8Vp-p clipped sine wave, which should be AC-coupled into the reference input. When the PLL is not in use, it may be desirable to turn off the internal reference circuits, by setting the REFSTBY bit low, to minimize current draw while in standby mode. 6 of 18 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 On cold start, or if REFSTBY is programmed low, the reference circuits will need a warm-up period. This is set by the SU_WAIT bits. This will allow the clock to be stable and immediately available when the ENBL bit is asserted high, allowing the PLL to assume normal operation. If the current consumption of the reference circuits in standby mode, typically 2mA, is not critical, then the REFSTBY bit can be set high. This allows the fastest startup and lock time after ENBL is taken high. IQ Modulator The IQ modulator core of the RFMD2081 is wideband covering from 45MHz to 2700MHz. It has been designed to achieve exceptional linearity for the amount of DC power consumed. The modulator mixer cores have four coarse gain/current settings. Each setting steps the gain and linearity by 6dB and can be used to optimize performance or reduce power consumption. The differential I and Q baseband inputs have 3dB bandwidth of 100MHz, and their input impedance is dominated by 10K pull down resistors on each pin, as shown in the diagram below, so presenting a 20K differential impedance. A common mode DC bias voltage of around +1.3V is required to set the current through the mixer cores for optimal performance. The offset between the common mode voltages on the differential pins can be adjusted to minimize LO leakage at the modulator output. The baseband input signals will be typically of the order of 1Vp-p differential. If required the phase and amplitude of the I and Q signals can be adjusted to reduce the level of the unwanted sideband signal at the modulator output. Qp Q mixer core (FET gates) Qn 10K 10K Ip I mixer core (FET gates) In 10K 10K The modulator output is differential and requires a balun and simple matching circuit optimized to the specific application frequencies. The modulator output pins are also used to source current for the modulator mixer circuits, about 20mA on each pin. This is usually via a center-tapped balun or by RF chokes in the external matching circuitry to the supply. The modulator output is high impedance, consisting of approximately 2K resistance in parallel with some capacitance, approximately 1pF. The modulator output does not require a conjugate matching network. It is a constant current output which will drive a real differential load of typically 200. Since the mixer output is a constant current source, a higher resistance load will give higher output voltage and gain. A shunt inductor can be used to resonate with the mixer output capacitance at the frequency of interest. This inductor may not be required at lower frequencies where the impedance of the output capacitance is DS140110 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 7 of 18 RFMD2081 less significant. At higher output frequencies the inductance of the bond wires (about 0.5nH on each pin) becomes more significant. The following diagram is a simple model of the modulator output: 0.5nH 1K RFMD2081 RF Output 1pF 1K 0.5nH It is recommended to use a 4:1 balun on the modulator output, converting from the single ended 50 system to a 200 differential load. The RFMD2081 evaluation board has an RFXF8553 wideband transmission line transformer. Serial Interface All on-chip registers in the RFMD2081 are programmed using a proprietary 3-wire serial bus which supports both write and read operations. Synthesizer programming, device configuration and control are achieved through a mixture of hardware and software controls. Certain functions and operations require the use of hardware controls via the ENBL, MODE, and RESETX pins in addition to programming via the serial bus. Alternatively there is the option to control the chip completely via the serial bus. The serial data interface can be configured for 4-wire bus operation, by setting the '4WIRE' bit in the SDI_CTRL register high. Then pin 26 is used as the data out pin, and pin 32 is the serial data in pin. Hardware Control Three hardware control pins are provided: ENBL, MODE, and RESETX. The ENBL pin has two functions: to enable the analog circuits in the chip and to trigger the VCO auto-selection and coarse tuning mechanisms. The VCO auto-selection and coarse tuning are initiated when the ENBL pin is taken high. Every time the frequency of the synthesizer is reprogrammed, ENBL has to be asserted high to initiate these mechanisms and then to initiate the PLL locking. Alternatively following the programming of a new frequency the PLL re-lock self clearing bit could be used. If the device is left in the enabled state for long periods, it is recommended that VCO auto-selection and coarse tuning (band selection) is performed for every 30°C change in temperature. The lock detect flag can be used to indicate when to perform the VCO calibration, it shows that the VCO tuning voltage has drifted significantly with changing temperature. The RESETX pin is a hardware reset control that will reset all digital circuits to their startup state when asserted low. The device includes a power-on-reset function, so this pin should not normally be required, in which case it should be connected to the positive supply. The MODE pin controls which PLL programming register bank is active. Serial Data Interface Control The normal mode of operation uses the 3-wire serial data interface to program the device registers, and three extra hardware control lines; MODE, ENBL and RESETX. When the device is under software control, achieved by setting the SIPIN bit in the SDI_CTRL register high, then the hardware can be controlled via the SDI_CTRL register. When this is the case, the three hardware control lines are not required. If the device is under software control, pins 1 and 9 can be configured as general purpose outputs (GPO). 8 of 18 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Multi-Slice Mode ENX SDATA SCLK Slice2 Slice2 Slice2 Slice2 (0) (1) (2) (3) A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 V DD V DD A1 A2 V DD V DD The Multi-Slice mode of operation allows up to four chips to be controlled from a common serial bus. The device address pins, (15 and 16) ADD1 and ADD2, are used to set the address of each part. On power up, and after a Reset, the devices ignore the address pins ADD1 and ADD2 and any data presented to the serial bus will be programmed into all the devices. However, once the ADDR bit in the SDI_CTRL register is set each device then adopts an address according to the state of the address pins on the device. General Purpose Outputs The general purpose outputs (GPOs) can be controlled via the GPO register, and will depend on the state of MODE since they can be set in different states corresponding to either path 1 or 2. The GPOs can be used for example to drive LEDs, or to control external circuitry such as switches or low power LNAs. Each GPO pin can supply up to and above 20mA load current. The output voltage of the GPO high state will drop with increased current drive, by approximately 25mV/mA. Similarly the output voltage of the GPO low state will rise with increased current, again by approximately 25mV/mA. Programming Information Please refer to the register map and programming guides which are available for download from http://rfmd.com/products/IntSynthModulator/. Evaluation Boards The evaluation board for the RFMD2081 is provided as part of a design kit, along with the necessary cables and programming software tool to enable full evaluation of the device. The evaluation board has been configured for wideband operation; the modulator output is connected to a wideband transmission line transformer balun. Design kits can be ordered from www.rfmd.com or from local RFMD sales offices and authorized sales channels. For ordering codes please see "Ordering Information" on page 18. For further details on how to set up the design kits please refer to the user guide which can be downloaded from http://rfmd.com/products/IntSynthModulator/. DS140110 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 9 of 18 RFMD2081 Detailed Functional Block Diagram Biasing & LDOs Ext LO Mux /2n [n=0..5] I Prescaler Sequence generator Ndivider /2 IQ gen Charge pump Phase detector Control Reference divider Q GPIO Pin Out GPO3 25 GPO4/LD/DO 26 NC 27 NC 28 RESETX 29 ENX 30 SCLK 31 SDATA 32 ENBL/GPO5 1 24 ANA_VDD2 23 MOD_I_P EXT_LO 2 EXT_LO_DEC 3 REXT 4 22 MOD_I_N ANA_VDD1 5 20 NC LFILT1 6 19 MOD_Q_P LFILT2 7 18 MOD_Q_N LFILT3 8 17 DIG_VDD 16 GPO2/ADD2 15 GPO1/ADD1 14 RF_OUT_P 13 RF_OUT_N 12 TM 11 NC 10 REF_IN 9 MODE/GPO6 10 of 18 21 NC Exposed paddle 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Application Schematic LFILT1 LFILT2 R3 22K C9 180pF RESETX ENX SCLK SDATA ENBL VDDA1 C34 10nF C5 33pF C35 33pF 51K R1 R6 470R Loop Filter R2 470R C8 8.2pF C10 330pF C15 33pF 7 6 C14 33pF 1 2 3 4 LFILT1 5 LFILT2 8 C13 33pF C1 33pF ENBL/GP05 EXT_LO EXT_LO_DEC REXT ANA_VDD1 LFILT1 LFILT2 LFILT3 VCC GND OUT Y1 VC VCTCXO R9 470R 1 2 LFILT3 LFILT3 C17 330pF 470R R32 3 4 C44 10nF C16 1nF U1 L1 DNI GPO2 GPO1 GPO3 VDDA2 GREEN D1 VDDA2 C2 33pF C18 10nF MOD_I_P 21 MOD_Q_P 20 MOD_Q_N C19 10nF C30 100pF C29 100pF 50 OHM (0.5mm) 18 17 T1 6 4 19 VDDD MOD_I_N C3 33pF 22 RFXF8553 23 24 R13 220R 1 2 3 DIG_VDD MOD_Q_N MOD_Q_P NC NC MOD_I_N MOD_I_P ANA_VDD2 GPO4 RFMD2081 R31 120R VDDA2 +2.8V C33 100pF RF_OP 1 J4 RF_OP 11 of 18 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 VDDA2 C43 10nF 2 26 GPO4/LD/DO 25 GPO3/FM 33 GPO2/ADD2 16 GPO1/ADD1 15 GND 27 NC 28 NC RF_OUT_P 14 RF_OUT_N 13 30 ENX 29 RESETX TM 12 31 SCLK NC 11 32 SDATA MODE/GP06 9 REF_IN 10 RFMD2081 Typical Performance Characteristics: Synthesizer VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated otherwise, as measured on RFMD2081 evaluation board. Synthesizer Phase Noise Synthesizer Phase Noise 4000MHz VCO Frequency, 26MHz Crystal Oscillator 4000MHz VCO Frequency, 52MHz Crystal Oscillator -60.0 -60.0 2000MHz 1000MHz -70.0 -80.0 -80.0 500MHz Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 500MHz -90.0 250MHz 125MHz -100.0 2000MHz 1000MHz -70.0 -110.0 -120.0 -130.0 -140.0 -150.0 -90.0 250MHz 125MHz -100.0 -110.0 -120.0 -130.0 -140.0 -150.0 -160.0 -160.0 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0 100000.0 1.0 10.0 Offset Frequency (KHz) 100.0 1000.0 100000.0 Synthesizer Phase Noise Synthesizer Phase Noise 5200MHz VCO Frequency, 26MHz Crystal Oscillator 5200MHz VCO Frequency, 52MHz Crystal Oscillator -60.0 -60.0 1300MHz -80.0 2600MHz 1300MHz -70.0 2600MHz -70.0 -80.0 650MHz -90.0 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 650MHz Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 10000.0 Offset Frequency (KHz) 325MHz 162.5MHz -100.0 -110.0 -120.0 -130.0 -140.0 -90.0 325MHz 162.5MHz -100.0 -110.0 -120.0 -130.0 -140.0 -150.0 -150.0 -160.0 -160.0 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0 100000.0 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0 100000.0 Offset Frequency (KHz) Offset Frequency (KHz) Synthesiser RMS Integrated Phase Noise Integration Bandwidth 1KHz to 40MHz Note: • 26 MHz Crystal Oscillator: NDK ENA3523A • 52 MHz Crystal Oscillator: NDK ENA3560A RMS Integrated Phase Noise (Degrees) 0.6 26MHz TCXO 52MHz TCXO 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 LO Frequency (MHz) 12 of 18 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Typical Performance Characteristics: VCO VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated otherwise, as measured on RFMD2081 evaluation board. VCO1 Frequency versus Kvco VCO1 Frequency versus CT_CAL LO Divide by 2 VCO1 with LO Divide by 2 25 1800 -40 Deg C 1700 20 +85 Deg C Kvco (MHz/V) VCO Frequency (MHz) +27 Deg C 1600 1500 VCO1 15 10 1400 5 1300 0 1200 1200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 VCO Frequency /2 (MHz) CT_CAL Word VCO2 Frequency versus Kvco VCO2 Frequency versus CT_CAL LO Divide by 2 VCO2 with LO Divide by 2 30 2300 2200 -40 Deg C 25 +85 Deg C Kvco (MHz/V) VCO Frequency (MHz) +27 Deg C 2100 2000 1900 VCO2 20 15 10 1800 5 1700 0 1600 1600 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1700 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2800 2900 VCO3 Frequency versus Kvco VCO3 Frequency versus CT_CAL LO Divide by 2 VCO3 with LO Divide by 2 30 2900 2800 -40 Deg C 25 +27 Deg C 2700 +85 Deg C Kvco (MHz/V) VCO Frequency (MHz) 1800 VCO Frequency /2 (MHz) CT_CAL Word 2600 2500 VCO3 20 15 2400 10 2300 5 2200 2100 0 20 40 60 CT_CAL Word DS140110 80 100 120 0 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 VCO Frequency /2 (MHz) 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 13 of 18 RFMD2081 Typical Performance Characteristics: VCO VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated otherwise, as measured on RFMD2081 evaluation board. VCO1 Frequency versus Tuning Voltage VCO2 Frequency versus Tuning Voltage For the same coarse tune setting, LO divide by two For the same coarse tune setting, LO divide by two 2020 1505 2015 1500 VCO2 Frequency /2 (MHz) VCO1 Frequency /2 (MHz) 2010 1495 1490 1485 -40 Deg C +27 Deg C 1480 +85 Deg C 2005 2000 1995 -40 Deg C 1990 +27 Deg C +85 Deg C 1985 1980 1475 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1.5 0.5 VCO Phase Noise With LO Divide by 2 -60.0 2510 -70.0 2505 -80.0 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) VCO3 Frequency /2 (MHz) VCO3 Frequency versus Tuning Voltage For the same coarse tune setting, LO divide by two 2515 2500 2495 2490 2485 2480 -40 Deg C 2475 +27 Deg C 2470 +85 Deg C 0.0 0.5 1.0 Tuning Voltage (Volts) 1.5 2500MHz VCO3 2000MHz VCO2 1500MHz VCO1 -90.0 -100.0 -110.0 -120.0 -130.0 -140.0 -150.0 2465 14 of 18 1.0 Tuning Voltage (Volts) Tuning Voltage (Volts) 1.5 -160.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0 100000.0 Offset Frequency (KHz) 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Typical Performance Characteristics: IQ Modulator VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated otherwise, as measured on RFMD2081 evaluation board. I and Q input level 1VP-P differential Modulator Typical Performance with +1.3V DC bias. Modulator Typical Performance I & Q Unadjusted, Output Unmatched Wanted Signal Sideband Suppression -20.0 20.0 -10.0 15.0 Suppression (dBc) Wanted Signal Level (dBm) -10.0 Linearity, Output Unmatched 0.0 -20.0 LO Suppression -30.0 -30.0 IM3 Product -40.0 -40.0 -50.0 -50.0 10.0 Output Level (dBm) 0.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 Wanted Signal -60.0 -60.0 Output P1dB -15.0 Output IP3 -70.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 -70.0 3000.0 -20.0 0.0 Output Frequency (MHz) 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) Typical Total Supply Current Modulator Performance Vs Common Mode Bias Voltage +3.0V Supply Output Frequency = 1250 MHz 20.0 165 10.0 160 160.0 1.0V Bias 1.1V Bias 150.0 0.0 155 -10.0 150 1.2V Bias 145 Wanted Signal Output P1dB -30.0 140 Output IP3 IM3 Product -40.0 135 Supply Current -50.0 130 -60.0 125 Current (mA) -20.0 Supply Current (mA) Output Level (dBm) 1.3V Bias 1.4V Bias 140.0 1.5V Bias 130.0 120.0 110.0 -70.0 120 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 Input Common Mode Bias Voltage (Volts) 100.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) Modulator Output Frequency Response Versus Shunt Matching Inductor Value Wanted Signal Level (dBm) 0.0 The modulator output power can be improved as output frequency increases by using a shunt inductor (L1 on Application Schematic) to resonate with the modulator output capacitance, typically 1 pF. -10.0 Unmatched -20.0 27nH Shunt 15nH Shunt 8.2nH Shunt 3.9nH Shunt -30.0 The output transformer used for characterization is the RFXF8553 (T1) which has 3 dB cut off point at 2500 MHz. 2.7nH Shunt -40.0 -50.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) DS140110 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 15 of 18 RFMD2081 Typical Performance Characteristics: IQ Modulator VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated otherwise, as measured on RFMD2081 evaluation board. I and Q input level 1VP-P differential with +1.3V DC bias. Modulator Output Power Modulator Unadjusted LO Suppression Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage -30.0 -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +3.0V -2.0 -40DegC, +3.0V -40DegC, +3.3V -40DegC, +3.3V LO Suppression (dBc) Wanted Signal Level (dBm) 0.0 +27DegC, +2.7V +27DegC, +3.0V -4.0 +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V -6.0 +85DegC, +3.0V +85DegC, +3.3V -8.0 -10.0 +27DegC, +2.7V -35.0 +27DegC, +3.0V +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V +85DegC, +3.0V -40.0 +85DegC, +3.3V -45.0 -12.0 -14.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 -50.0 3000.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 Modulator Unadjusted Sideband Suppression Modulator IM3 Output Tone Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage -30.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) -40.0 -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +3.3V -35.0 +27DegC, +2.7V +27DegC, +3.0V IM3 Product (dBc) Sideband Suppression (dBc) -40DegC, +3.0V +27DegC, +3.3V -40.0 +85DegC, +2.7V +85DegC, +3.0V +85DegC, +3.3V -45.0 -50.0 -45.0 -50.0 -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +3.0V -40DegC, +3.3V +27DegC, +2.7V +27DegC, +3.0V -55.0 +27DegC, +3.3V -55.0 +85DegC, +2.7V +85DegC, +3.0V +85DegC, +3.3V -60.0 -60.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 0.0 3000.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) Output Frequency (MHz) Modulator Output Power for 1dB Compression Modulator Output IP3 Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage 8.0 20.0 6.0 18.0 4.0 16.0 -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +3.0V +27DegC, +2.7V Output IP3 (dBm) Output Level (dBm) -40DegC, +3.3V 2.0 -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +3.0V 0.0 -40DegC, +3.3V +27DegC, +2.7V -2.0 +27DegC, +3.0V +27DegC, +3.0V +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V 14.0 +85DegC, +3.0V +85DegC, +3.3V 12.0 10.0 +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V -4.0 8.0 +85DegC, +3.0V +85DegC, +3.3V -6.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) 16 of 18 2500.0 3000.0 6.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110 RFMD2081 Typical Performance Characteristics: IQ Modulator VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated otherwise, as measured on RFMD2081 evaluation board. I and Q input level 1VP-P differential with +1.3V DC bias. Modulator Input Voltage For 1dB Compression Vs Temperature & Supply Voltage -40DegC, +2.7V 2.50 -40DegC, +3.0V Peak to Peak Differential Voltage -40DegC, +3.3V +27DegC, +2.7V 2.25 +27DegC, +3.0V +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V 2.00 +85DegC, +3.0V +85DegC, +3.3V 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) Modulator Output Noise Floor Modulator Output Noise Floor 1MHz Offset 5MHz Offset -120.0 -40DegC, +2.7V -40DegC, +2.7V Output Noise Floor (dBm/Hz) -40DegC, +3.0V -130.0 -40DegC, +3.3V +27DegC, +2.7V +27DegC, +3.0V -140.0 +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V +85DegC, +3.0V -150.0 +85DegC, +3.3V -160.0 -170.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 -40DegC, +3.0V -130.0 -40DegC, +3.3V +27DegC, +2.7V +27DegC, +3.0V -140.0 +27DegC, +3.3V +85DegC, +2.7V +85DegC, +3.0V -150.0 +85DegC, +3.3V -160.0 -170.0 3000.0 0.0 Output Frequency (MHz) 1500.0 120.0 -20.0 110.0 -30.0 100.0 -40.0 90.0 80.0 Wanted Signal dBm Output Level (dBm) -10.0 Current (mA) 130.0 120.0 5.0 115.0 0.0 110.0 -5.0 105.0 -10.0 100.0 -15.0 95.0 Wanted Signal dBm -20.0 90.0 Output IP3 dBm Sideband Suppresion dBc 70.0 IM3 Product dBc Output P1dB dBm -25.0 60.0 2 Modulator Attenuator Setting (mod) DS140110 85.0 Current mA Current mA -70.0 1 3000.0 10.0 LO Suppression dBc 0 2500.0 Output Frequency = 1500MHz 0.0 -60.0 2000.0 Effect of Attenuator Setting on Gain & Linearity Unadjusted, Output Frequency = 1500MHz Output (dB) 1000.0 Output Frequency (MHz) Effect of Attenuator Setting on Modulator -50.0 500.0 Current (mA) Output Noise Floor (dBm/Hz) -120.0 3 -30.0 80.0 0 1 2 3 Modulator Attenuator Setting (mod) 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 17 of 18 RFMD2081 .Package Drawing QFN, 32-pin, 5mm x 5mm Ordering Information 18 of 18 Ordering Code Package Quantity RFMD2081SB RFMD2081SQ RFMD2081SR RFMD2081TR7 RFMD2081TR13 DKMD2081 32-Pin QFN 32-Pin QFN 32-Pin QFN 32-Pin QFN 32-Pin QFN Complete Design Kit 5-Piece sample bag 25-Piece sample bag 100-Piece reel 750-Piece reel 2500-Piece reel 1 Box 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS140110