DATASHEET

DATASHEET
High-Performance Notebook PWM Controller
ISL6269A
Features
The ISL6269A IC is a Single-phase Synchronous-Buck PWM
controller featuring Intersil's Robust Ripple Regulator R3™
Technology that delivers truly superior dynamic response to
input voltage and output load transients. Integrated MOSFET
drivers and bootstrap diode result in fewer components and
smaller implementation area.
• High performance R3™ Technology
Intersil’s R3™ Technology combines the best features of
fixed-frequency PWM and hysteretic PWM while eliminating
many of their shortcomings. R3™ Technology employs an
innovative modulator that synthesizes an AC ripple voltage
signal VR, analogous to the output inductor ripple current. The
AC signal VR enters a window comparator where the lower
threshold is the error amplifier output VCOMP, and the upper
threshold is a programmable voltage reference VW, resulting in
generation of the PWM signal. The voltage reference VW sets
the steady-state PWM frequency. Both edges of the PWM can
be modulated in response to input voltage transients and
output load transients, much faster than conventional
fixed-frequency PWM controllers. Unlike a conventional
hysteretic converter, the ISL6269A has an error amplifier that
provides ±1% voltage regulation at the FB pin.
• Output voltage range: +0.6V to +3.3V
The ISL6269A has a 1.5ms digital soft-start and can be
started into a prebiased output voltage. A resistor divider is
used to program the output voltage setpoint. The ISL6269A
can be configured to operate in Continuous Conduction Mode
(CCM) or Diode Emulation Mode (DEM), which improves
light-load efficiency. In CCM the controller always operates as a
synchronous rectifier, however when DEM is enabled, the
low-side MOSFET is permitted to stay off, blocking negative
current flow into the low-side MOSFET from the output
inductor.
• Fast transient response
• ±1% regulation accuracy: -10°C to +100°C and
-40°C to +100°C
• Wide input voltage range: +5.0V to +25.0V
• Wide output load range: 0A to 25A
• Selectable diode emulation mode for increased light load
efficiency
• Programmable PWM frequency: 200kHz to 600kHz
• Prebiased output start-up capability
• Integrated MOSFET drivers and bootstrap diode
• Internal digital soft-start
• Power good monitor
• Fault protection
- Undervoltage protection
- Soft crowbar overvoltage protection
- Low-side MOSFET rDS(ON) overcurrent protection
- Over-temperature protection
- Fault identification by PGOOD pull down resistance
• Pb-free (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• PCI express graphical processing unit
• Auxiliary power rail
• VRM
• Network adapter
November 18, 2014
FN9253.3
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2005-2007, 2014. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) and R3 Technology are trademarks owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6269A
Pin Configuration
VIN
1
VCC
2
PGOOD
PHASE
UG
BOOT
ISL6269A
(16 LD 4x4 QFN)
TOP VIEW
16
15
14
13
12 PVCC
11 LG
GND
4
9
5
6
7
8
VO
EN
FSET
10 PGND
FB
3
COMP
FCCM
ISEN
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PART MARKING
TEMP RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
(RoHS Compliant)
PKG. DWG. #
ISL6269ACRZ
62 69ACRZ
-10 to +100
16 Ld 4x4 QFN
L16.4x4
ISL6269AIRZ
62 69AIRZ
-40 to +100
16 Ld 4x4 QFN
L16.4x4
NOTES:
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate
termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see product information page for ISL6269A. For more information on MSL, please see tech brief TB363.
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FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
VIN
VO
GND
PACKAGE BOTTOM
PWM FREQUENCY
CONTROL
VCC
VREF
FSET
-
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Block Diagram
+
3
+
VW
gmVIN
EN
-
-
+
R
-
PWM
Q
OVP
S
-
VR
+
+
+
VCOMP
-
CR
UVP
+
-
+
BOOT
+
EA
DRIVER
-
POR
COMP
ISEN
OCP
PHASE
SHOOT THROUGH
PROTECTION
PVCC
+
IOC
UG
DIGITAL SOFT-START
PWM CONTROL
FB
30W
90W
60W
DRIVER
LG
150°OT
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
PGND
PGOOD
FCCM
FIGURE 1. SCHEMATIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
ISL6269A
gmVO
-
ISL6269A
Typical Application
ISL6269A
VIN
5V TO 25V
PGOOD
VIN
CIN
RPGOOD
QHIGH_SIDE
5V
PVCC
UG
RVCC
VCC
CPVCC
BOOT
CVCC
CBOOT
GND
VOUT
LOUT
0.6V TO 3.3V
PHASE
COUT
RSEN
FCCM
ISEN
QLOW_SIDE
EN
LG
RCOMP
COMP
PGND
CCOMP1
FB
FSET
VO
CCOMP2
RFSET
RBOTTOM
CFSET
RTOP
FIGURE 2. ISL6269A TYPICAL APPLICATION SCHEMATIC
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FN9253.3
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ISL6269A
Absolute Voltage Ratings
Thermal Information
ISEN, VIN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +28V
VCC, PGOOD to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7.0V
PVCC to PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7.0V
GND to PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +0.3V
EN, FCCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to GND, VCC +3.3V
VO, FB, COMP, FSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to GND, VCC +0.3V
PHASE to GND (DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +28V
(<100ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.0V
BOOT to GND, or PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +33V
BOOT to PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V
UG (DC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to PHASE, BOOT +0.3V
(<200ns Pulse Width, 20µJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.0V
LG (DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to PGND, PVCC +0.3V
(<100ns Pulse Width, 4µJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.0V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Notes 4, 5)
JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W)
QFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
11.5
Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55C to +150C
Operating Temperature Range
ISL6269ACRZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10°C to +100°C
ISL6269AIRZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +100°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65C to +150C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493
Recommended Operating Conditions
Ambient Temperature Range
ISL6269ACRZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10°C to +100°C
ISL6269AIRZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +100°C
Supply Voltage (VIN to GND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5V to 25V
VCC to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5V ±5%
PVCC to PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5V ±5%
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
5. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for VIN = 15V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, unless otherwise stated. All typical
specifications TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V, PVCC = 5V, VIN = 15V
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
EN = 5V, VIN = 5V
-
6.5
10
µA
EN = 5V, VIN = 25V
-
26
35
µA
EN = GND, VIN = 25V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
EN = 5V, FCCM = GND, FB = 0.65V
-
1.7
2.5
mA
VIN
VIN Input Bias Current
IVIN
VIN Shutdown Current
IVIN_SHDN
VCC and PVCC
VCC Input Bias Current
IVCC
VCC Shutdown Current
IVCC_SHDN
EN = GND, VCC = 5V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
PVCC Shutdown Current
IPVCC_SHDN
EN = GND, PVCC = 5V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
Rising VCC POR Threshold Voltage
VVCC_THR
TA = -10°C to +100°C
4.35
4.45
4.55
V
4.33
4.45
4.55
V
Falling VCC POR Threshold Voltage
V
4.10
4.20
4.30
V
4.08
4.20
4.30
V
-
0.6
-
V
-1
-
+1
%
FCCM = 5V
200
-
600
kHz
fSW = 300kHz
-12
-
+12
%
0.60
-
3.30
V
VO = 0.60V
-
1.3
-
µA
VO = 3.30V
-
7.0
-
µA
VCC POR THRESHOLD
VCC_THF
TA = -10°C to +100°C
REGULATION
Reference Voltage
VREF
Regulation Accuracy
FB connected to COMP
PWM
Frequency Range
fSW
Frequency-set Accuracy
VO Range
VVO
IVO
VO Input Leakage
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FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for VIN = 15V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, unless otherwise stated. All typical
specifications TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V, PVCC = 5V, VIN = 15V (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
ERROR AMPLIFIER
FB Input Bias Current
IFB
-0.5
-
+0.5
µA
COMP Source Current
ICOMP_SRC
FB = 0.60V
FB = 0.40V, COMP = 3.20V
-
2.5
-
mA
COMP Sink Current
ICOMP_SNK
FB = 0.80V, COMP = 0.30V
-
0.3
-
mA
COMP High Clamp Voltage
VCOMP_HC
FB = 0.40V, Sink 50µA
3.10
3.40
3.65
V
COMP Low Clamp Voltage
VCOMP_LC
FB = 0.80V, Source 50µA
0.09
0.15
0.21
V
PGOOD = 5mA Sink, TA = -10°C to +100°C
75
95
125
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
67
95
125
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink, TA = -10°C to +100°C
75
95
125
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
67
95
125
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink, TA = -10°C to +100°C
50
63
85
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
45
63
85
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink, TA = -10°C to +100°C
25
32
45
Ω
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
22
32
45
Ω
-
0.1
1.0
µA
-
5.0
-
mA
POWER GOOD
PGOOD Pull-down Impedance
RPG_SS
RPG_UV
RPG_OV
RPG_OC
PGOOD Leakage Current
IPGOOD
PGOOD = 5V
PGOOD Maximum Sink Current (Note 6)
PGOOD Soft-start Delay
tSS
EN High to PGOOD High, TA = -10°C to +100°C
2.20
2.75
3.30
ms
EN High to PGOOD High
2.20
2.75
3.50
ms
-
1.0
1.5
Ω
GATE DRIVER
UG Pull-Up Resistance
RUGPU
200mA Source Current
UG Source Current (Note 6)
IUGSRC
UG - PHASE = 2.5V
-
2.0
-
A
UG Sink Resistance
RUGPD
250mA Sink Current
-
1.0
1.5
Ω
UG Sink Current (Note 6)
IUGSNK
UG - PHASE = 2.5V
-
2.0
-
A
LG Pull-up Resistance
RLGPU
250mA Source Current
-
1.0
1.5
Ω
LG Source Current (Note 6)
ILGSRC
LG - PGND = 2.5V
-
2.0
-
A
LG Sink Resistance
RLGPD
250mA Sink Current
-
0.5
0.9
Ω
LG Sink Current (Note 6)
ILGSNK
LG - PGND = 2.5V
-
4.0
-
A
UG to LG Deadtime
tUGFLGR
UG falling to LG rising, no load
-
21
-
ns
LG to UG Deadtime
tLGFUGR
LG falling to UG rising, no load
-
14
-
ns
BOOTSTRAP DIODE
Forward Voltage
VF
PVCC = 5V, IF = 2mA
-
0.58
-
V
Reverse Leakage
IR
VR = 25V
-
0.2
-
µA
CONTROL INPUTS
EN High Threshold
VENTHR
2.0
-
-
V
EN Low Threshold
VENTHF
-
-
1.0
V
FCCM High Threshold
VFCCMTHR
2.0
-
-
V
FCCM Low Threshold
VFCCMTHF
EN Leakage
FCCM Leakage
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6
-
-
1.0
V
IENL
EN = 0V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
IENH
EN = 5.0V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
IFCCML
FCCM = 0V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
IFCCMH
FCCM = 5.0V
-
2.0
-
µA
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for VIN = 15V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, unless otherwise stated. All typical
specifications TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V, PVCC = 5V, VIN = 15V (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
ISEN sourcing, TA = -10°C to +100°C
19
26
33
µA
ISEN sourcing
17
26
33
µA
ISEN sourcing
-
50
-
µA
84
87
%
PROTECTION
ISEN OCP Threshold
IOC
ISEN Short-circuit Threshold
ISC
UVP Threshold
VUV
81
OVP Rising Threshold
VOVR
113
116
119
%
OVP Falling Threshold
VOVF
100
103
106
%
OTP Rising Threshold (Note 6)
TOTR
-
150
-
°C
TOTHYS
-
25
-
°C
OTP Hysteresis (Note 6)
NOTE:
6. Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.
Functional Pin Descriptions
GND (Bottom Pad)
Signal common of the IC. Unless otherwise stated, signals are
referenced to the GND pin, not the PGND pin.
the FB pin to the GND pin. Program the desired output voltage
with a resistor network connected across the VO, FB, and GND
pins. Select the resistor values such that FB to GND is 600mV
when the converter output voltage is at the programmed
regulation value.
FSET (Pin 7)
VIN (Pin 1)
The VIN pin measures the converter input voltage which is a
required input to the R3™ PWM modulator. Connect across the
drain of the high-side MOSFET to the GND pin.
The FSET pin programs the PWM switching frequency. Program
the desired PWM frequency with a resistor and a capacitor
connected across the FSET and GND pins.
VO (Pin 8)
VCC (Pin 2)
The VCC pin is the input bias voltage for the IC. Connect +5V from
the VCC pin to the GND pin. Decouple with at least 1µF of a MLCC
capacitor from the VCC pin to the GND pin.
The VO pin measures the converter output voltage and is used
exclusively as an input to the R3™ PWM modulator. Connect at
the physical location where the best output voltage regulation is
desired.
FCCM (Pin 3)
ISEN (Pin 9)
The FCCM pin configures the controller to operate in Forced
Continuous Conduction Mode (FCCM) or Diode Emulation Mode
(DEM.) DEM is disabled when the FCCM pin is pulled above the
rising threshold voltage VFCCMTHR, conversely DEM is enabled
when the FCCM pin is pulled below the falling threshold voltage
VFCCMTHF.
The ISEN pin programs the threshold of the OCP overcurrent fault
protection. Program the desired OCP threshold with a resistor
connected across the ISEN and PHASE pins. The OCP threshold is
programmed to detect the peak current of the output inductor.
The peak current is the sum of the DC and AC components of the
inductor current.
EN (Pin 4)
PGND (Pin 10)
The EN pin is the on/off switch of the IC. The soft-start sequence
begins when the EN pin is pulled above the rising threshold
voltage VENTHR and VCC is above the power-on reset (POR) rising
threshold voltage VVCC_THR . When the EN pin is pulled below the
falling threshold voltage VENTHF PWM immediately stops.
The PGND pin conducts the turn-off transient current through the
LG gate driver. The PGND pin must be connected to complete the
pull-down circuit of the LG gate driver. The PGND pin should be
connected to the source of the low-side MOSFET through a low
impedance path, preferably in parallel with the trace connecting
the LG pin to the gate of the low-side MOSFET. The adaptive
shoot-through protection circuit, measures the low-side MOSFET
gate-source voltage from the LG pin to the PGND pin.
COMP (Pin 5)
The COMP pin is the output of the control-loop error amplifier.
Compensation components for the control-loop connect across
the COMP and FB pins.
LG (Pin 11)
The LG pin is the output of the low-side MOSFET gate driver.
Connect to the gate of the low-side MOSFET.
FB (Pin 6)
The FB pin is the inverting input of the control-loop error
amplifier. The converter output voltage regulates to 600mV from
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November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
PVCC (Pin 12)
The PVCC pin is the input voltage bias for the LG low-side
MOSFET gate driver. Connect +5V from the PVCC pin to the PGND
pin. Decouple with at least 1µF of an MLCC capacitor across the
PVCC and PGND pins.
threshold voltage. Figure 3 shows PWM pulses being generated
as VR traverses the VW and VCOMP thresholds. The PWM
switching frequency is proportional to the slew rates of the
positive and negative slopes of VR; the PWM switching frequency
is inversely proportional to the voltage between VW and VCOMP.
BOOT (Pin 13)
The BOOT pin stores the input voltage for the UG high-side
MOSFET gate driver. Connect an MLCC capacitor across the BOOT
and PHASE pins. The boot capacitor is charged through an
internal boot diode connected from the PVCC pin to the BOOT pin,
each time the PHASE pin drops below PVCC minus the voltage
dropped across the internal boot diode.
Ripple Capacitor Voltage CR
Window Voltage VW
UG (Pin 14)
Error Amplifier Voltage VCOMP
The UG pin is the output of the high-side MOSFET gate driver.
Connect to the gate of the high-side MOSFET.
PHASE (Pin 15)
PWM
The PHASE pin detects the voltage polarity of the PHASE node
and is also the current return path for the UG high-side MOSFET
gate driver. Connect the PHASE pin to the node consisting of the
high-side MOSFET source, the low-side MOSFET drain and the
output inductor.
PGOOD (Pin 16)
The PGOOD pin is an open-drain output that indicates when the
converter is able to supply regulated voltage. Connect the PGOOD
pin to +5V through a pull-up resistor.
Theory of Operation
Modulator
The ISL6269A is a hybrid of fixed frequency PWM control, and
variable frequency hysteretic control. Intersil’s R3™ Technology
can simultaneously affect the PWM switching frequency and
PWM duty cycle in response to input voltage and output load
transients. The term “Ripple” in the name “Robust Ripple
Regulator” refers to the converter output inductor ripple current,
not the converter output ripple voltage. The R3™ Modulator
synthesizes an AC signal VR, which is an ideal representation of
the output inductor ripple current. The duty-cycle of VR is the
result of charge and discharge current through a ripple capacitor
CR. The current through CR is provided by a transconductance
amplifier gm that measures the VIN and VO pin voltages. The
positive slope of VR can be written as:
V RPOS =  g m    V IN – V OUT 
(EQ. 1)
FIGURE 3. MODULATOR WAVEFORMS DURING LOAD TRANSIENT
Power-On Reset
The ISL6269A is disabled until the voltage VVCC has increased
above the rising power-on reset (POR) VVCC_THR threshold voltage.
The controller will become once again disabled when the voltage
VVCC decreases below the falling POR VVCC_THF threshold voltage.
EN, Soft-Start and PGOOD
The ISL6269A uses a digital soft-start circuit to ramp the output
voltage of the converter to the programmed regulation setpoint
at a predictable slew rate. The slew rate of the soft-start
sequence has been selected to limit the in-rush current through
the output capacitors as they charge to the desired regulation
voltage. When the EN pin is pulled above the rising EN threshold
voltage VENTHR, the PGOOD soft-start delay tSS starts and the
output voltage begins to rise. The output voltage enters regulation
in approximately 1.5ms and the PGOOD pin goes to high
impedance once tSS has elapsed.
1.5ms
VOUT
VCC and PVCC
EN
The negative slope of VR can be written as:
V RNEG = g m  V OUT
(EQ. 2)
Where gm is the gain of the transconductance amplifier.
A window voltage VW is referenced with respect to the error
amplifier output voltage VCOMP, creating an envelope into which
the ripple voltage VR is compared. The amplitude of VW is set by
a resistor connected across the FSET and GND pins. The VR,
VCOMP and VW signals feed into a window comparator in which
VCOMP is the lower threshold voltage and VW is the higher
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8
PGOOD
2.75ms
FIGURE 4. SOFT-START SEQUENCE
The PGOOD pin indicates when the converter is capable of
supplying regulated voltage. The PGOOD pin is an undefined
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
impedance if VVCC has not reached the rising POR threshold
VVCC_THR, or if VVCC is below the falling POR threshold VVCC_THF.
The ISL6269A features a unique fault-identification capability
that can drastically reduce troubleshooting time and effort. The
pull-down resistance of the PGOOD pin corresponds to the fault
status of the controller. During soft-start or if an undervoltage
fault occurs, the PGOOD pull-down resistance is 95Ω, or 30Ω for
an overcurrent fault, or 60Ω for an overvoltage fault.
TABLE 1. PGOOD PULL-DOWN RESISTANCE
CONDITION
PGOOD RESISTANCE
VCC Below POR
Undefined
Soft Start or Undervoltage
95Ω
Overvoltage
60Ω
Overcurrent
30Ω
MOSFET Gate-Drive Outputs LG and UG
The ISL6269A has internal gate drivers for the high-side and lowside N-Channel MOSFETs. The LG gate driver is optimized for low
duty-cycle applications where the low-side MOSFET conduction
losses are dominant, requiring a low rDS(ON) MOSFET. The LG
pull-down resistance is small in order to clamp the gate of the
MOSFET below the VGS(th) at turnoff. The current transient
through the gate at turnoff can be considerable because the
switching charge of a low rDS(ON) MOSFET can be large. Adaptive
shoot-through protection prevents a gate-driver output from
turning on until the opposite gate-driver output has fallen below
approximately 1V. The dead-time shown in Figure 5 is extended
by the additional period that the falling gate voltage stays above
the 1V threshold. The high-side gate-driver output voltage is
measured across the UG and PHASE pins while the low-side
gate-driver output voltage is measured across the LG and PGND
pins. The power for the LG gate driver is sourced directly from the
PVCC pin. The power for the UG gate driver is sourced from a
“boot” capacitor connected across the BOOT and PHASE pins.
The boot capacitor is charged from a 5V bias supply through a
“boot diode” each time the low-side MOSFET turns on, pulling the
PHASE pin low. The ISL6269A has an integrated boot diode
connected from the PVCC pin to the BOOT pin.
tLGFUGR
tUGFLGR
The ISL6269A normally operates in Continuous Conduction
Mode (CCM), minimizing conduction losses by forcing the
low-side MOSFET to operate as a synchronous rectifier. An
improvement in light-load efficiency is achieved by allowing the
converter to operate in Diode Emulation Mode (DEM), where the
low-side MOSFET behaves as a smart-diode, forcing the device to
block negative inductor current flow. The ISL6269A can be
configured to operate in DEM by setting the FCCM pin low.
Setting the FCCM pin high will disable DEM.
Positive-going inductor current flows from either the source of
the high-side MOSFET, or the drain of the low-side MOSFET.
Negative-going inductor current usually flows into the drain of the
low-side MOSFET. When the low-side MOSFET conducts positive
inductor current, the phase voltage will be negative with respect
to the GND and PGND pins. Conversely, when the low-side
MOSFET conducts negative inductor current, the phase voltage
will be positive with respect to the GND and PGND pins. Negative
inductor current occurs when the output load current is less than
½ the inductor ripple current. Sinking negative inductor current
through the low-side MOSFET lowers efficiency through
unnecessary conduction losses. Efficiency can be further
improved with a reduction of unnecessary switching losses by
reducing the PWM frequency. It is characteristic of the R3™
architecture for the PWM frequency to decrease while in diode
emulation. The extent of the frequency reduction is proportional
to the reduction of load current. Upon entering DEM, the PWM
frequency makes an initial step-reduction because of a 33%
step-increase of the window voltage V W.
With FCCM pulled low, the converter will automatically enter DEM
after the PHASE pin has detected positive voltage, while the LG
gate-driver pin is high for eight consecutive PWM pulses. The
converter will return to CCM on the following cycle after the
PHASE pin detects negative voltage, indicating that the body
diode of the low-side MOSFET is conducting positive inductor
current.
Overcurrent and Short-Circuit Protection
The Overcurrent Protection (OCP) and short-circuit protection
(SCP) setpoint is programmed with resistor RSEN that is
connected across the ISEN and PHASE pins. The PHASE pin is
connected to the drain terminal of the low-side MOSFET.
The SCP setpoint is internally set to twice the OCP setpoint. When
an OCP or SCP fault is detected, the PGOOD pin will pull down to
30Ωand latch off the converter. The fault will remain latched
until the EN pin has been pulled below the falling EN threshold
voltage VENTHF or if VVCC has decayed below the falling POR
threshold voltage VVCC_THF.
50%
UG
LG
50%
FIGURE 5. LG AND UG DEAD-TIME
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Diode Emulation
9
The OCP circuit does not directly detect the DC load current
leaving the converter. The OCP circuit detects the peak of
positive-flowing output inductor current. The low-side MOSFET
drain current ID is assumed to be equal to the positive output
inductor current when the high-side MOSFET is off. The inductor
current develops a negative voltage across the rDS(ON) of the
low-side MOSFET that is measured shortly after the LG
gate-driver output goes high. The ISEN pin sources the OCP sense
current ISEN, through the OCP programming resistor RSEN,
forcing the ISEN pin to zero volts with respect to the GND pin. The
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
negative voltage across the PHASE and GND pins is nulled by the
voltage dropped across RSEN as ISEN conducts through it. An OCP
fault occurs if ISEN rises above the OCP threshold current IOC
while attempting to null the negative voltage across the PHASE
and GND pins. ISEN must exceed IOC on all the PWM pulses that
occur within 20µs. If ISEN falls below IOC on a PWM pulse before
20µs has elapsed, the timer will be reset. An SCP fault will occur
within 10µs when ISEN exceeds twice IOC. The relationship
between ID and ISEN is written as:
(EQ. 3)
I SEN  R SEN = I D  r DS  ON 
Programming the Output Voltage
The value of RSEN is then written as:
I P-P
 I + ---------  OC SP  r DS  ON 
 FL
2 
R SEN = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------I OC
(EQ. 4)
Where:
- RSEN (Ω) is the resistor used to program the overcurrent
setpoint
- ISEN is the current sense current that is sourced from the
ISEN pin
- IOC is the ISEN threshold current sourced from the ISEN pin
that will activate the OCP circuit
- IFL is the maximum continuous DC load current
- IP-P is the inductor peak-to-peak ripple current
- OCSP is the desired overcurrent setpoint expressed as a
multiplier relative to IFL
Overvoltage Protection
When an OVP fault is detected, the PGOOD pin will pull down to
60Ωand latch-off the converter. The OVP fault will remain
latched until VVCC has decayed below the falling POR threshold
voltage VVCC_THF.
The OVP fault detection circuit triggers after the voltage across
the FB and GND pins has increased above the rising overvoltage
threshold VOVR. Although the converter has latched-off in
response to an OVP fault, the LG gate-driver output will retain the
ability to toggle the low-side MOSFET on and off, in response to
the output voltage transversing the VOVR and VOVF thresholds.
Undervoltage Protection
When a UVP fault is detected, the PGOOD pin will pull down to
95Ωand latch-off the converter. The fault will remain latched
until the EN pin has been pulled below the falling EN threshold
voltage VENTHF or if VVCC has decayed below the falling POR
threshold voltage VVCC_THF. The UVP fault detection circuit
triggers after the voltage across the FB and GND pins has fallen
below the undervoltage threshold VUV .
When the converter is in regulation there will be 600mV from the
FB pin to the GND pin. Connect a two-resistor voltage divider
across the VO pin and the GND pin with the output node
connected to the FB pin. Scale the voltage-divider network such
that the FB pin is 600mV with respect to the GND pin when the
converter is regulating at the desired output voltage. The output
voltage can be programmed from 600mV to 3.3V.
Programming the output voltage is written as:
R BOTTOM
V REF = V OUT  -------------------------------------------------R
+R
TOP
(EQ. 5)
BOTTOM
Where:
- VOUT is the desired output voltage of the converter
- VREF is the voltage that the converter regulates to between
the FB pin and the GND pin
- RTOP is the voltage-programming resistor that connects
from the FB pin to the VO pin. In addition to setting the
output voltage, this resistor is part of the loop compensation
network
- RBOTTOM is the voltage-programming resistor that connects
from the FB pin to the GND pin
Beginning with RTOP between 1kΩ to 5kΩcalculating RBOTTOM
is written as:
V REF  R
TOP
R BOTTOM = ------------------------------------V OUT – V REF
(EQ. 6)
Programming the PWM Switching Frequency
The ISL6269A does not use a clock signal to produce PWM. The
PWM switching frequency fSW is programmed by the resistor
RFSET that is connected from the FSET pin to the GND pin. The
approximate PWM switching frequency is written as:
1
f SW = --------------------------K  R FSET
(EQ. 7)
Estimating the value of RFSET is written as:
1
R FSET = -----------------K  f SW
(EQ. 8)
Where:
Over-Temperature
When the temperature of the ISL6269A increases above the
rising threshold temperature TOTR, the IC will enter an OTP state
that suspends the PWM , forcing the LG and UG gate-driver
outputs low. The status of the PGOOD pin does not change nor
does the converter latch-off. The PWM remains suspended until
the IC temperature falls below the hysteresis temperature
TOTHYS at which time normal PWM operation resumes. The OTP
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state can be reset if the EN pin is pulled below the falling EN
threshold voltage VENTHF or if VVCC decays below the falling POR
threshold voltage VVCC_THF. All other protection circuits function
normally during OTP. It is likely that the IC will detect an UVP fault
because in the absence of PWM, the output voltage immediately
decays below the undervoltage threshold VUV; the PGOOD pin will
pull down to 95Ωand latch-off the converter. The UVP fault will
remain latched until the EN pin has been pulled below the falling
EN threshold voltage VENTHF or if VVCC has decayed below the
falling POR threshold voltage VVCC_THF.
10
- fSW is the PWM switching frequency
- RFSET is the fSW programming resistor
- K = 75 x 10-12
It is recommended that whenever the control loop compensation
network is modified, fSW should be checked for the correct
frequency and if necessary, adjust RFSET .
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ISL6269A
Compensation Design
The LC output filter has a double pole at its resonant frequency that
causes the phase to abruptly roll downward. The R3™ Modulator
used in the ISL6269A makes the LC output filter resemble a first
order system in which the closed loop stability can be achieved with
a Type II compensation network.
R2
C2
C1
This design guide is intended to provide a high-level explanation of
the steps necessary to create a single-phase power converter. It is
assumed that the reader is familiar with many of the basic skills
and techniques referenced. In addition to this guide, Intersil
provides complete reference designs that include schematics, bills
of materials, and example board layouts.
Selecting the LC Output Filter
The duty cycle of an ideal buck converter is a function of the
input and the output voltage. This relationship is written as:
R1
COMP
V OUT
D = ---------------V IN
FB
-
General Application Design
Guide
(EQ. 9)
The output inductor peak-to-peak ripple current is written as:
EA
V OUT   1 – D 
I PP = -------------------------------------f SW  L OUT
+
REF
FSET
RFSET
CFSET
A typical step-down DC/DC converter will have an IP-P of 20% to
40% of the maximum DC output load current. The value of IP-P is
selected based upon several criteria such as MOSFET switching
loss, inductor core loss and the resistive loss of the inductor
winding. The DC copper loss of the inductor can be estimated by:
P COPPER = I LOAD
R3™ MODULATOR
(EQ. 10)
2

DCR
(EQ. 11)
Where ILOAD is the converter output DC current.
The copper loss can be significant so attention has to be given to
the DCR selection. Another factor to consider when choosing the
inductor is its saturation characteristics at elevated temperature.
A saturated inductor could cause destruction of circuit
components, as well as nuisance OCP faults.
VO
VOUT
VIN
VIN
A DC/DC buck regulator must have output capacitance COUT into
which ripple current IP-P can flow. Current IP-P develops a
corresponding ripple voltage VP-P across COUT, which is the sum
of the voltage drop across the capacitor ESR and of the voltage
change stemming from charge moved in and out of the
capacitor. These two voltages are written as:
QHIGH_SIDE
UG
PHASE
LOUT
DCR
GATE DRIVERS
QLOW_SIDE
COUT
and
CESR
I P-P
V C = ------------------------------------8  C OUT  f
LG
GND
ISL6269A
FIGURE 6. COMPENSATION REFERENCE CIRCUIT
Your local Intersil representative can provide a PC-based tool that
can be used to calculate compensation network component
values and help simulate the loop frequency response. The
compensation network consists of the internal error amplifier of the
ISL6269A and the external components R1, R2, C1 and C2 as well
as the frequency setting components RFSET and CFSET are
identified in the schematic Figure 6.
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11
V ESR = I P-P  E SR
(EQ. 12)
(EQ. 13)
SW
If the output of the converter has to support a load with high
pulsating current, several capacitors will need to be paralleled to
reduce the total ESR until the required VP-P is achieved. The
inductance of the capacitor can cause a brief voltage dip if the
load transient has an extremely high slew rate. Low inductance
capacitors constructed with reverse package geometry are
available. A capacitor dissipates heat as a function of RMS current
and frequency. Be sure that IP-P is shared by a sufficient quantity
of paralleled capacitors so that they operate below the maximum
rated RMS current at fSW. Take into account that the rated value of
a capacitor can fade as much as 50% as the DC voltage across it
increases.
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
Selection of the Input Capacitor
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitance are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable operation,
select bulk capacitors with voltage and current ratings above the
maximum input voltage and capable of supplying the RMS
current required by the switching circuit. Their voltage rating
should be at least 1.25 times greater than the maximum input
voltage, while a voltage rating of 1.5 times is a preferred rating.
Figure 7 is a graph of the input RMS ripple current, normalized
relative to output load current, as a function of duty cycle that is
adjusted for converter efficiency. The ripple current calculation is
written as:
 I MAX   D – D   +  x  I MAX

12 
I IN_RMS = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I MAX
2
2 D 
 ------
2
(EQ. 14)
- IMAX is the maximum continuous ILOAD of the converter
- x is a multiplier (0 to 1) corresponding to the inductor peakto-peak ripple amplitude expressed as a percentage of IMAX
(0% to 100%)
- D is the duty cycle that is adjusted to take into account the
efficiency of the converter which is written as:
V OUT
D = -------------------------V IN  EFF
(EQ. 15)
NORMALIZED INPUT RMS RIPPLE CURRENT
In addition to the bulk capacitance, some low ESL ceramic
capacitance is recommended to decouple between the drain of
the high-side MOSFET and the source of the low-side MOSFET.
0.60
x = 0.75
For the high-side MOSFET, (HS), its conduction loss is written as:
2

(EQ. 17)
r DS  ON _HS  D
For the high-side MOSFET, its switching loss is written as:
V IN  I VALLEY  t ON  f
V IN  I PEAK  t OFF  f
SW
SW
P SW_HS = ----------------------------------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------------------------2
2
(EQ. 18)
Where:
- IVALLEY is the difference of the DC component of the
inductor current minus 1/2 of the inductor ripple current
- IPEAK is the sum of the DC component of the inductor
current plus 1/2 of the inductor ripple current
- tON is the time required to drive the device into saturation
- tOFF is the time required to drive the device into cut-off
Qg
C BOOT = -----------------------V BOOT
x = 0.50
x=0
0.35
(EQ. 16)
The selection of the bootstrap capacitor is written as:
0.45
0.40
2
P CON_LS  I LOAD  r DS  ON _LS   1 – D 
Selecting The Bootstrap Capacitor
x=1
0.50
For the low-side MOSFET, (LS), the power loss can be assumed to
be conductive only and is written as:
P CON_HS = I LOAD
Where:
0.55
There are several power MOSFETs readily available that are
optimized for DC/DC converter applications. The preferred
high-side MOSFET emphasizes low switch charge so that the
device spends the least amount of time dissipating power in the
linear region. Unlike the low-side MOSFET which has the
drain-to-source voltage clamped by its body diode during turn off,
the high-side MOSFET turns off with VIN - VOUT - VLacross it. The
preferred low-side MOSFET emphasizes low rDS(ON) when fully
saturated to minimize conduction loss.
(EQ. 19)
Where:
0.30
- Qg is the total gate charge required to turn on the high-side
MOSFET
- VBOOT, is the maximum allowed voltage decay across the
boot capacitor each time the high-side MOSFET is switched
on
0.25
0.20
x = 0.25
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
DUTY CYCLE
FIGURE 7. NORMALIZED RMS INPUT CURRENT FOR x = 0.8
MOSFET Selection and Considerations
As an example, suppose the high-side MOSFET has a total gate
charge Qg, of 25nC at VGS = 5V, and a VBOOT of 200mV. The
calculated bootstrap capacitance is 0.125µF. For a comfortable
margin select a capacitor that is double the calculated
capacitance, in this example 0.22µF will suffice. Use an X7R or
X5R ceramic capacitor.
Typically, a MOSFET cannot tolerate even brief excursions beyond
their maximum drain-to-source voltage rating. The MOSFETs used
in the power stage of the converter should have a maximum VDS
rating that exceeds the sum of the upper voltage tolerance of the
input power source and the voltage spike that occurs when the
MOSFET switches off.
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FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
Layout Considerations
As a general rule, power should be on the bottom layer of the
PCB and weak analog or logic signals are on the top layer of the
PCB. The ground-plane layer should be adjacent to the top layer to
provide shielding. The ground plane layer should have an island
located under the IC, the compensation components and the FSET
components. The island should be connected to the rest of the
ground plane layer at one point.
VIAS TO
GROUND
PLANE
GND
VOUT
INDUCTOR
PHASE
NODE
HIGH-SIDE
MOSFETS
OUTPUT
CAPACITORS
SCHOTTKY
DIODE
LOW-SIDE
MOSFETS
INPUT
CAPACITORS
VIN
FIGURE 8. TYPICAL POWER COMPONENT PLACEMENT
FCCM (Pin 3), EN (Pin 4), PGOOD (Pin 16)
These are logic inputs that are referenced to the GND pin. Treat
as a typical logic signal.
COMP (Pin 5), FB (Pin 6), VO (Pin 8)
For best results, use an isolated sense line from the output load
to the VO pin. The input impedance of the FB pin is high, so place
the voltage programming and loop compensation components
close to the VO, FB, and GND pins keeping the high impedance
trace short.
FSET (Pin 7)
This pin requires a quiet environment. The resistor RFSET and
capacitor CFSET should be placed directly adjacent to this pin.
Keep fast moving nodes away from this pin.
ISEN (Pin 9)
Route the connection to the ISEN pin away from the traces and
components connected to the FB pin, COMP pin, and FSET pin.
Signal Ground and Power Ground
LG (Pin 11)
The bottom of the ISL6269A QFN package is the signal ground
(GND) terminal for analog and logic signals of the IC. Connect the
GND pad of the ISL6269A to the island of ground plane under the
top layer using several vias, for a robust thermal and electrical
conduction path. Connect the input capacitors, the output
capacitors, and the source of the lower MOSFETs to the power
ground plane.
The signal going through this trace is both high dv/dt and high
di/dt, with high peak charging and discharging current. Route
this trace in parallel with the trace from the PGND pin. These two
traces should be short, wide, and away from other traces. There
should be no other weak signal traces in proximity with these
traces on any layer.
PGND (Pin 10)
BOOT (Pin 13), UG (Pin 14), PHASE (Pin 15)
This is the return path for the pull-down of the LG low-side
MOSFET gate driver. Ideally, PGND should be connected to the
source of the low-side MOSFET with a low-resistance, lowinductance path .
The signals going through these traces are both high dv/dt and
high di/dt, with high peak charging and discharging current.
Route the UG and PHASE pins in parallel with short and wide
traces. There should be no other weak signal traces in proximity
with these traces on any layer.
VIN (Pin 1)
Copper Size for the Phase Node
The VIN pin should be connected close to the drain of the highside MOSFET, using a low resistance and low inductance path.
The parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the phase
node should be kept very low to minimize ringing. It is best to
limit the size of the PHASE node copper in strict accordance with
the current and thermal management of the application. An
MLCC should be connected directly across the drain of the upper
MOSFET and the source of the lower MOSFET to suppress the
turn-off voltage spike.
VCC (Pin 2)
For best performance, place the decoupling capacitor very close
to the VCC and GND pins.
PVCC (Pin 12)
For best performance, place the decoupling capacitor very close
to the PVCC and PGND pins, preferably on the same side of the
PCB as the ISL6269A IC.
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FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to the web to make sure
that you have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
CHANGE
November 18, 2014
FN9253.3
-Updated entire datasheet to Intersil new standard.
-Updated Intersil Trademark statement at bottom of page 1 per directive from Legal.
-On page 2, updated Note 1 from “*Add”-T” suffix for tape and reel” to “Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please
refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.” and added Note 3.
-On page 5, Updated Caution statement per legal's new verbiage.
-On page 7, updated Note 6 from “Guaranteed by characterization.” to “Compliance to datasheet limits is
assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.”
Added revision history and about Intersil verbiage.
On page 15, updated L16.4x4 to new POD format by removing table listing dimensions and moving dimensions
onto drawing. Added Typical Recommended Land Pattern.
About Intersil
Intersil Corporation is a leading provider of innovative power management and precision analog solutions. The company's products
address some of the largest markets within the industrial and infrastructure, mobile computing and high-end consumer markets.
For the most updated datasheet, application notes, related documentation and related parts, please see the respective product
information page found at www.intersil.com.
You may report errors or suggestions for improving this datasheet by visiting www.intersil.com/ask.
Reliability reports are also available from our website at www.intersil.com/support
For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time
without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be
accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
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14
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014
ISL6269A
Package Outline Drawing
L16.4x4
16 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 6, 02/08
4X 1.95
4.00
12X 0.65
A
B
13
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
16
1
4.00
12
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15
9
4
0.15
(4X)
5
8
TOP VIEW
0.10 M C A B
+0.15
16X 0 . 60
-0.10
4 0.28 +0.07 / -0.05
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
1.00 MAX
C
BASE PLANE
( 3 . 6 TYP )
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
(
2 . 10 )
( 12X 0 . 65 )
( 16X 0 . 28 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 16 X 0 . 8 )
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
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15
FN9253.3
November 18, 2014