Introduction This catalog provides the latest information for Hamamatsu ruggedized high temperature photomultiplier tubes ranging in diameter from 13 mm (1/2") to 51 mm (2"). All listed tubes employ high temperature bialkali photocathode that feature stable operation and long life at temperatures up to 90 °C, 175 °C or 200 °C. The electrode supporting structures have been designed so that tubes can be used in severe environments such as may be found in oil well logging, geological exploration, and aerospace applications. If you do not find the tube that meets your needs in this brochure, we will be pleased to custom produce a tube or assembly for your unique requirements. We offer a wide variety of complete assemblies of tubes, sockets, voltage dividers and tube shields which have been quality tested to assure reliable operation. Applications ●Oil well logging (Wireline, MWD and LWD) ●Geological exploration ●Gauge meter ●Aerospace research 2 Contents Introduction & application ................................................................................................................................... 2 Index by type number ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Quick reference ................................................................................................................................................. 4 13 mm (1/2") dia. types ...................................................................................................................................... 6 19 mm (3/4") dia. types ...................................................................................................................................... 8 25 mm (1") dia. types ....................................................................................................................................... 10 28 mm (1-1/8") dia. types ................................................................................................................................. 12 38 mm (1-1/2") dia. types ................................................................................................................................. 14 51 mm (2") dia. types ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Highly ruggedized types ................................................................................................................................... 16 Notes & basing diagram ................................................................................................................................... 18 Sockets ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 High voltage power supply modules C12733-01/-02 ....................................................................................... 20 1. General characteristics of photomultiplier tubes ................................................................................... 21 1-1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 21 1-2 LLD during plateau measurement .......................................................................................................... 24 1-3 Plateau measurement using a blue LED ................................................................................................ 25 2. Technical information of photomultiplier tubes ...................................................................................... 27 2-1 Long life characteristics of R1288AH ..................................................................................................... 27 2-2 Comparison of pulse height resolution on different dia. PMTs with same sized scintillators ................................................................................................................... 28 3. Technical information of photomultiplier tube assemblies .................................................................... 29 3-1 Count rate characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 29 Cautions and warranty ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Index by type number R1288A ................................. 10 R1288A-01 ............................ 10 R1288A-04 ........................... 10 R1288A-06 ........................... 10 R1288A-07 ........................... 10 R1288A-08 ........................... 10 R1288A-27 ........................... 10 R1288A-28 ........................... 10 R1288A-31 ........................... 10 R1288AH .............................. 10 R1288AH-07 ......................... 10 R1288AH-27 ......................... 10 R1288AH-31 ......................... 10 R3991A ................................... 8 R3991A-04 .............................. 8 R3991A-07 .............................. 8 R3991A-27 .............................. 8 R3991A-28 .............................. 8 R3991A-31 .............................. 8 R3991AH ................................ 8 R3991AH-07 ........................... 8 R3991AH-27 ........................... 8 R3991AH-31 ........................... 8 R4177 ..................................... 6 R4177-01 ................................ 6 R4177-04 ................................ 6 R4177-06 ................................ 6 R4177-27 ................................ 6 R4177-28 ................................ 6 R4607A-01 ............................ 16 R4607A-06 ............................ 16 R4607A-27 ............................ 16 R4607A-28 ............................ 16 R5473-02 .............................. 16 R6877A ................................. 12 R6877A-01 ............................ 12 R6877A-04 ............................ 12 R6877A-06 ............................ 12 R6877A-07 ............................ 12 R6877A-08 ............................ 12 R6877A-27 ............................ 12 R6877A-28 ............................ 12 R6877A-31 ............................ 12 R8874-01............................... 16 R9722A ................................. 14 R9722A-01 ............................ 14 R9722A-04 ............................ 14 R9722A-06 ............................ 14 R9722A-27 ............................ 14 R9722A-28 ............................ 14 3 Quick reference Diameter Maximum temperature Temporary base Button stem Assembly R4177-04 R4177-06 R4177-28 Product photo Standard types 90 °C 13 mm (1/2") R4177/-04 175 °C R4177 R4177-01 R4177-27/-28 R4177-27 R4177-01/-06 90 °C R3991A-04 R3991A-28 R3991A-07 19 mm (3/4") R3991A-07 175 °C R3991A R3991A-27 R3991A-31 R3991A/-04 R3991AH R3991AH-07 R3991AH-07 200 °C 90 °C 25 mm (1") R3991AH R1288A-04 R3991AH-27 R3991AH-31 R1288A-06 R3991A-27/-28/-31 R3991AH-27/-31 R1288A-08 R1288A-28 R1288A/-04 R1288A-07/-08 R1288AH R1288AH-07 R1288A-01/-06 R1288A-27/-28/-31 R1288AH-27/-31 R1288A-07 175 °C R1288A R1288A-01 R1288A-27 R1288A-31 R1288AH-07 200 °C R1288AH R1288AH-27 R1288AH-31 4 Diameter Maximum temperature Temporary base Button stem R6877A-04 R6877A-06 Assembly Product photo Standard types 90 °C R6877A-08 R6877A-28 28 mm (1-1/8") R6877A/-04 R6877A-07/-08 R6877A-01/-06 R6877A-27/-28/-31 R6877A-07 175 °C R6877A R6877A-01 R6877A-27 R6877A-31 90 °C R9722A-04 R9722A-06 R9722A-28 38 mm (1-1/2") R9722A/-04 175 °C R9722A R9722A-01 R9722A-27/-28 R9722A-27 R9722A-01/-06 90 °C R4607A-06 R4607A-28 175 °C R4607A-01 R4607A-27 51 mm (2") R4607A-01/-06 R4607A-27/-28 Highly ruggedized types 19 mm (3/4") 175 °C R8874-01 R8874-01 25 mm (1") 175 °C R5473-02 R5473-02 Type No. are suitable for MWD application. 5 q Maximum temp. w Socket or resistor value Base configration Type No. e Dynode structure number of stages y Maximum ratings r t MWD Anode to appl. cathode voltage Average anode current (V) (°C) Anode to cathode voltage (mA) u Shock (V) 13 mm (1/2") dia. types 90 175 R4177-04 Temporary base E678-12R R4177-06 Button stem E678-13E R4177-28 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R4177 Temporary base E678-12R R4177-01 Button stem E678-13E Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R4177-27 Linear focused/10 — 1800 0.02 A 0.01 B 1500 0.02 A 0.01 B 5000 m/s2 (500 G) 0.5 ms S/S: Stainless steel Dimensional outlines and basing diagrams (Unit: mm) R4177-01/-06 R4177/-04 14.5 ± 0.7 FACEPLATE 14.5 ± 0.7 10 MIN. FACEPLATE DY10 6 7 DY8 8 9 5 61 ± 2 3 DY3 11 2 12 1 13 61 ± 2 10 DY4 DY7 4 DY5 PHOTOCATHODE DY6 DY2 IC K DY1 A SHORT PIN (4) 13 MAX. DY9 (7.9) P PHOTOCATHODE A Lead orientation bottom view 25.7° 10 MIN. B Temporary base removed B DY9 SEMIFLEXIBLE LEADS 0.5 MAX. 33 MIN. 13 MAX. 13 PIN BASE DY10 DY8 7 8 DY6 9 P 6 5 DY7 4 10 DY4 DY5 3 11 DY2 DY3 C 2 13 1 DY1 K C Bottom view DY10 P DY8 6 7 DY9 5 8 37.3 ± 0.5 12 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B12-43 DY7 4 9 DY6 10 DY4 DY5 3 DY3 1 DY1 TPMHA0006EB Distribution ratio codes A 10 B Voltage distribution ratio K: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in pF. 6 Dy4 DY2 12 K TPMHA0007ED Voltage distribution ratios Number of stages 11 2 Dy9 Dy10 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 * (4700) (4700) (4700) i Sine vibration o Cathode sensitivity Blue sensitivity index (CS 5-58) at 25 °C Luminous at 25 °C Min. Typ. (µA/lm) (µA/lm) Min. Anode sensitivity and characteristics Gain at 25 °C Typ. Typ. Luminous at 25 °C !0 !1 Dark current at 25 °C at 175 °C Min. Typ. Typ. Max. Typ. (A/lm) (A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA) Type No. R4177-04 20 30 3.0 4.5 6 200 m/s2 15 0.5 10 5 (90 °C) R4177-28 5.0 × 105 (20 G) 20 40 4.0 6.0 R4177-06 R4177 10 20 0.5 10 100 R4177-01 R4177-27 R4177-27/-28 (See Note 2 on page 18) 0.5 ± 0.3 18.0 ± 0.2 FACEPLATE 14.5 ± 0.7 10 MIN. PHOTOCATHODE R11 ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) GND/+HV C3 AWG22 (RED) R10 C2 R9 C1 STAINLESS STEEL CASE 203 MIN. ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) HA-TREATMENT, MAGNETIC SHIELD 100 ± 1 P DY10 DY9 DY8 DY7 DY6 DY5 DY4 DY3 DY2 DY1 K R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 4700 pF TPMHA0032EF 7 q Maximum temp. Type No. w e Socket or resistor value Base configration Dynode structure number of stages y Maximum ratings r t MWD Anode to appl. cathode voltage Average anode current (°C) (V) u Anode to cathode voltage (mA) Shock (V) 19 mm (3/4") dia. types 90 175 200 R3991A-04 Temporary base R3991A-28 R3991A E678-12R 0.02 C Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ 0.01 D Temporary base E678-12R 0.02 C R3991A-07 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R3991A-27 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ Circular and 0.01 D R3991A-31 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ linear focused/10 R3991AH Temporary base E678-12R R3991AH-07 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R3991AH-27 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R3991AH-31 — 1800 YES 1500 0.02 C 0.01 E 10 000 m/s2 (1000 G) 0.5 ms — YES S/S: Stainless steel Dimensional outlines and basing diagrams (Unit: mm) R3991A/-04, R3991AH R3991A-07, R3991AH-07 (See Note 2 on page 18) 0.5 ± 0.3 P MAGNETIC SHIELD CASE 10 DY8 DY5 3 11 DY6 37.3 ± 0.5 DY3 12 1 DY1 14 DY4 13 ANODE OUTPUT AWG24 (VIOLET) 203 MIN. 45 MIN. END CAP DY7 4 2 DY7 4 R9 C1 DY8 R8 DY7 R7 DY6 R6 DY5 R5 DY4 R4 DY3 R3 DY2 R2 DY1 R1 K GND/-HV AWG24 (BLACK) R1 : 6 MΩ R2 to R11 : 2 MΩ C1 to C3 : 4700 pF (R3991A-07) 2000 pF (R3991AH-07) 9 DY6 10 DY4 DY5 3 11 2 DY3 R10 C2 +HV/GND AWG24 (RED) C Bottom view P DY10 6 7 DY9 DY8 5 8 1 12 DY1 DY2 K TPMHA0361EE TPMHA0563EC Voltage distribution ratios Number of stages Distribution ratio codes C 10 D E Voltage distribution ratio K: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dy9 Dy10 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 * (4700) (4700) (4700) 1 1 * The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in pF. 8 Dy4 3 3 +HV/GND AWG 24 (RED) DY9 GND/-HV AWG24 (BLACK) DY2 K DY10 PHOTOCATHODE B Temporary base removed P 6 DY10 DY9 9 5 C ANODE OUTPUT AWG 22 (VIOLTET) FACEPLATE 44.0 ± 0.25 (6) 12 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B12-43 15 MIN. R11 C3 A B SEMIFLEXIBLE LEADS 0.7 MAX. 18.6 ± 0.7 (12) 28.0 ± 1.5 13 MAX. PHOTOCATHODE 21.0 ± 0.3 A Lead orientation bottom view 25.7° 15 MIN. MAGNETIC SHIELD CASE 18.6 ± 0.7 FACEPLATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * (2000) (2000) (2000) i o Cathode sensitivity Blue sensitivity index (CS 5-58) at 25 °C Luminous at 25 °C Sine vibration Min. Typ. (µA/lm) (µA/lm) 20 30 Min. Typ. 3.0 4.5 Anode sensitivity and characteristics Gain at 25 °C Typ. 3.3 × 105 Luminous at 25 °C !0 !1 Dark current at 25 °C at 175 °C Min. Typ. Typ. Max. Typ. (A/lm) (A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA) 5 10 0.1 10 10 (90 °C) Type No. R3991A-04 R3991A-28 R3991A 20 300 m/s2 40 4.0 6.0 5.0 × 105 5 20 0.1 10 200 (30 G) R3991A-07 R3991A-27 R3991A-31 R3991AH 30 50 5.0 7.0 5.0 × 105 10 25 0.1 10 2000 R3991AH-07 (200 °C) R3991AH-27 R3991AH-31 R3991A-27/-28/-31, R3991AH-27/-31 (See Note 2 on page 18) 23.0 ± 0.25 0.5 ± 0.3 18.6 ± 0.7 15 MIN. P STAINLESS STEEL CASE ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R11 C3 HA-TREATMENT, MAGNETIC SHIELD 46.0 ± 0.25 PHOTOCATHODE 1 203 MIN. FACEPLATE ANODE OUTPUT AWG 22 (VIOLTET) GND/+HV AWG 22 (RED) DY10 R10 C2 DY9 R9 C1 DY8 DY7 DY6 R8 R7 R6 DY5 DY4 DY3 DY2 R5 R4 R3 R2 DY1 K R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1 : 6 MΩ R2 to R11 : 2 MΩ C1 to C3 : 4700 pF (R3991A-27/-28/-31) 2000 pF (R3991AH-27/-31) TPMHA0350ED 9 q Maximum temp. w Type No. Socket or resistor value Base configration e Dynode structure number of stages y Maximum ratings r t MWD Anode to appl. cathode voltage Average anode current (°C) (V) u Anode to cathode voltage (mA) Shock (V) 25 mm (1") dia. types 90 175 200 R1288A-04 Temporary base R1288A-06 Button stem R1288A-08 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R1288A-28 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R1288A Temporary base E678-12R R1288A-01 Button stem R1288A-07 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R1288A-27 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R1288A-31 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R1288AH Temporary base E678-12R R1288AH-07 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R1288AH-27 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R1288AH-31 E678-12R E678-14-03 0.02 C 0.01 F 0.02 C — E678-14-03 Circular and 1800 linear focused/10 10 000 m/s2 (1000 G) 1500 0.5 ms 0.01 F 0.02 C 0.01 F YES — YES S/S: Stainless steel Dimensional outlines and basing diagrams (Unit: mm) R1288A/-04 R1288AH 22 MIN. A Lead orientation bottom view 20° A Lead orientation bottom view 24° (17.3) 50 MIN. SEMIFLEXIBLE LEADS 0.7 MAX. 12 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B12-43 PHOTOCATHODE (6) (6.25) B Temporary base removed B Temporary base removed P DY9 8 DY10 6 DY7 5 10 DY8 DY5 4 11 A B DY3 3 12 DY6 DY1 2 13 DY4 14 DY2 17 K C 37.3 ± 0.5 P DY7 4 DY1 10 12 DY8 DY7 4 11 DY6 DY5 3 12 DY4 2 13 14 1 14 PIN BASE DY2 P DY9 K 6 C Bottom view P DY10 6 7 DY9 DY8 5 8 9 DY6 DY7 4 10 DY4 DY5 3 11 2 1 9 5 DY3 C Bottom View P DY10 6 7 DY9 DY8 5 8 DY3 DY10 6 DY9 DY1 DY5 3 22 MIN. FACEPLATE DY2 DY3 K 10 DY4 11 1 12 DY1 C 11 DY8 DY3 3 12 DY6 13 DY4 14 DY2 DY1 2 1 K DY2 SHORT PIN K TPMHA0362EC 10 F Voltage distribution ratio K: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 P 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in pF. 10 Dy4 IC 9 DY5 4 Voltage distribution ratios Distribution ratio codes IC 8 10 DY10 TPMHA0363EF Number of stages 7 DY7 5 9 DY6 2 13 MAX. 13 MAX. PHOTOCATHODE 25.4 ± 0.5 43.0 ± 1.5 25.4 ± 0.5 43.0 ± 1.5 FACEPLATE R1288A-01/-06 (17.3) R1288A/-04, R1288AH * (3300) (3300) (3300) i Sine vibration o Cathode sensitivity Blue sensitivity index (CS 5-58) at 25 °C Luminous at 25 °C Min. Typ. Min. (µA/lm) (µA/lm) Typ. Anode sensitivity and characteristics !0 Luminous at 25 °C Gain at 25 °C Typ. !1 Dark current at 25 °C at 175 °C Min. Typ. Typ. Max. Typ. (A/lm) (A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA) Type No. R1288A-04 20 30 3.0 4.5 3.3 × 105 5 10 0.1 20 (90 °C) 10 R1288A-06 R1288A-08 R1288A-28 R1288A 300 m/s2 (30 G) R1288A-01 20 40 4.0 6.0 5.0 × 105 8 20 0.1 10 R1288A-07 400 R1288A-27 R1288A-31 R1288AH 30 50 5.0 7.0 5.0 × 105 10 25 0.1 10 4000 R1288AH-07 (200 °C) R1288AH-27 R1288AH-31 *R1288A-07/-08, R1288AH-07 (See Note 2 on page 18) 0.5 ± 0.3 ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) FACEPLATE P R11 C3 R10 C2 R9 C1 GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) 0.5 ± 0.3 30.0 ± 0.25 27.0 ± 0.6 25.4 ± 0.5 22 MIN. R1288A-27/-28/-31, R1288AH-27/-31 (See Note 2 on page 18) ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) 25.4 ± 0.5 22 MIN. FACEPLATE P DY10 DY8 R8 DY7 R7 STAINLESS STEEL CASE DY6 R6 DY5 R5 DY4 R4 DY3 ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) R3 ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) DY2 R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1: 6 MΩ R2 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 3300 pF 203 MIN. 203 MIN. DY1 K C2 R9 C1 DY8 R8 DY7 R7 DY6 R6 DY5 R5 DY4 R4 DY3 R3 DY2 R2 GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) R10 GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) DY9 HA-TREATMENT, MAGNETIC SHIELD PHOTOCATHODE 71.5 ± 0.5 MAGNETIC SHIELD CASE C3 DY10 DY9 MAGNETIC SHIELD CASE 71.5 ± 0.5 PHOTOCATHODE R11 R2 GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) DY1 K R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1: 6 MΩ R2 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 3300 pF TPMHA0029EG TPMHA0351ED * CAUTION: These tubes have open ends potted with silicon. Do not apply force to this potted portion, or do not fill any additional potting material. Either actions could damage the voltage divider built in. 11 q Maximum temp. w Type No. Socket or resistor value Base configration e Dynode structure number of stages y Maximum ratings r t MWD Anode to appl. cathode voltage Average anode current (°C) (V) u Anode to cathode voltage (mA) Shock (V) 28 mm (1-1/8") dia. types 90 175 R6877A-04 Temporary base R6877A-06 Button stem R6877A-08 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R6877A-28 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R6877A Temporary base E678-12R R6877A-01 Button stem R6877A-07 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ R6877A-27 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ R6877A-31 Assembly (S/S Case) 1R=2 MΩ E678-12R E678-14-03 Circular and — 1800 linear focused/10 E678-14-03 0.02 C 0.01 F 1500 0.02 5000 m/s2 (500 G) C 0.01 0.5 ms F YES S/S: Stainless steel Dimensional outlines and basing diagrams (Unit: mm) R6877A/-04 R6877A-01/-06 28.5 ± 0.5 FACEPLATE A Lead orientation bottom view 20° 25 MIN. FACEPLATE 28.5 ± 0.5 25 MIN. A 50 MIN. SEMIFLEXIBLE LEADS 0.7 MAX. DY3 3 DY1 C 7 IC 8 IC 9 DY7 5 10 DY10 DY5 4 11 DY8 DY3 3 12 DY6 13 DY4 14 DY2 DY1 B Temporary base removed P DY9 8 DY10 6 10 DY8 DY7 5 11 DY5 4 12 DY6 B 12 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B12-43 44.0 ± 1.5 (17.3) (6) 6 2 1 K SHORT PIN 13 MAX. 13 MAX. PHOTOCATHODE 44.0 ± 1.5 P DY9 PHOTOCATHODE 14 PIN BASE 13 DY4 14 DY2 2 17 K C Bottom view DY10 P 6 7 DY8 DY9 5 8 DY7 4 9 DY6 DY5 3 10 DY4 DY3 11 2 1 12 DY2 K DY1 TPMHA0564EB TPMHA0451EE Voltage distribution ratios Number of stages Distribution ratio codes C 10 F Voltage distribution ratio K: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 P 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in pF. 12 Dy4 * (3300) (3300) (3300) i o Cathode sensitivity Blue sensitivity index (CS 5-58) at 25 °C Luminous at 25 °C Sine vibration Min. Typ. Min. (µA/lm) (µA/lm) Typ. Anode sensitivity and characteristics !0 Luminous at 25 °C Gain at 25 °C Typ. !1 Dark current at 25 °C at 175 °C Min. Typ. Typ. Max. Typ. (A/lm) (A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA) Type No. R6877A-04 20 30 3.0 4.5 3.3 × 105 5 10 0.2 30 (90 °C) 20 R6877A-06 R6877A-08 R6877A-28 200 m/s2 R6877A (20 G) R6877A-01 20 40 4.0 6.0 5.0 × 105 8 20 0.2 10 R6877A-07 500 R6877A-27 R6877A-31 R6877A-27/-28/-31 34.0 ± 0.25 28.5 ± 0.5 28.5 ±0.5 25 MIN. P R11 C1 DY8 STAINLESS STEEL CASE R8 DY7 R7 DY6 R6 DY5 ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) R5 DY4 R4 DY3 R3 DY2 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R2 DY1 K R1 GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) R11 C3 R10 C2 R9 C1 DY9 DY8 R8 DY7 R7 DY6 R6 DY5 R5 DY4 R4 DY3 R3 DY2 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R2 DY1 K R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1: 6 MΩ R2 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 3300 pF ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) DY10 HA-TREATMENT, MAGNETIC SHIELD R9 GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) P 65.5 ± 0.5 C2 DY9 MAGNETIC SHIELD CASE 25 MIN. PHOTOCATHODE R10 ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) 203 MIN. C3 DY10 MAGNETIC SHIELD CASE 65.5 ± 0.5 PHOTOCATHODE ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (VIOLET) GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) 0.5 ± 0.3 31.5 ± 0.3 203 MIN. 0.5 ± 0.3 R6877A-07/-08 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1: 6 MΩ R2 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 3300 pF TPMHA0518ED TPMHA0452EE 13 q Maximum temp. w Type No. e Socket or resistor value Base configration Dynode structure number of stages y Maximum ratings r t MWD Anode to appl. cathode voltage Average anode current (°C) (V) u Anode to cathode voltage (mA) Shock (V) 38 mm (1-1/2") dia. types 90 175 R9722A-04 Temporary base R9722A-06 Button stem R9722A-28 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ Circular and R9722A Temporary base E678-12R linear focused/10 R9722A-01 Button stem R9722A-27 E678-12R E678-14-03 — 1800 E678-14-03 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ 0.02 G 0.01 H 1500 0.02 G 0.01 H 5000 m/s2 (500 G) 0.5 ms S/S: Stainless steel Dimensional outlines and basing diagrams (Unit: mm) R9722A/-04 R9722A-01/-06 38.0 ± 0.7 FACEPLATE 38.0 ± 0.7 A Lead orientation bottom view 22.5° 34 MIN. FACEPLATE 34 MIN. P DY9 (23) 6 PHOTOCATHODE 69.0 ± 1.5 69.0 ± 1.5 PHOTOCATHODE 13 MAX. (7.5) 11 DY8 DY3 3 12 DY6 13 DY4 14 DY2 DY1 B DY7 4 70 MIN. DY3 13 DY2 14 PIN BASE 2 15 K 1 DY1 12 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B12-43 1 SHORT PIN 12 DY4 DY5 3 2 K DY10 DY8 9 10 DY6 11 6 10 DY10 13 MAX. P C Bottom view P DY9 C 6 5 DY10 7 DY8 8 DY7 4 37.3 ± 0.5 9 DY6 10 DY4 DY5 3 DY3 11 2 1 12 DY1 DY2 K TPMHA0042EE TPMHA0043EB Voltage distribution ratios Distribution ratio codes G 10 H Voltage distribution ratio K: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 P 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in pF. 14 IC 9 DY5 4 B Temporary base removed DY9 5 Number of stages IC 8 DY7 5 A SEMIFLEXIBLE LEADS 0.7 MAX. 7 * (3300) (3300) (3300) i o Cathode sensitivity Blue sensitivity index (CS 5-58) at 25 °C Luminous at 25 °C Sine vibration Min. Typ. Min. (µA/lm) (µA/lm) Typ. Anode sensitivity and characteristics Gain at 25 °C Typ. Luminous at 25 °C !0 !1 Dark current at 25 °C at 175 °C Min. Typ. Typ. Max. Typ. (A/lm) (A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA) Type No. R9722A-04 20 30 3.0 4.5 3.3 × 105 5 10 0.5 10 40 (90 °C) 200 m/s2 R9722A-06 R9722A-28 (20 G) R9722A 20 40 4.0 6.0 5.0 × 105 5 20 0.5 10 1000 R9722A-01 R9722A-27 R9722A-27/-28 0.5 ± 0.3 44.0 ± 0.5 38.0 ± 0.7 34 MIN. SHIELD AWG26 (BLK/WHT) PHOTOCATHODE 203 MIN. STAINLESS STEEL CASE -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) SIGNAL OUTPUT COAX. RG-316/U C3 R10 C2 R9 C1 DY9 DY8 R8 DY7 R7 DY6 R6 DY5 R5 DY4 R4 DY3 R3 DY2 SHIELD AWG26 (BLACK/WHITE) GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) R11 DY10 HA-TREATMENT, MAGNETIC SHIELD 96.0 ± 0.8 P OUTPUT RG-316/U GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) R2 DY1 K R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1: 4 MΩ R2 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 3300 pF TPMHA0517ED 15 q Maximum temp. w Type No. e Socket or resistor value Base configration Dynode structure number of stages y Maximum ratings r t MWD Anode to appl. cathode voltage Average anode current (°C) (V) u Anode to cathode voltage (mA) Shock (V) 51 mm (2") dia. types 90 175 R4607A-06 Button stem E678-15C R4607A-28 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ Circular and R4607A-01 Button stem E678-15C linear focused/10 R4607A-27 Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ — 1800 0.02 G 0.01 H 1500 0.02 5000 m/s2 (500 G) G 0.5 ms H 0.01 Highly ruggedized types 175 R8874-01 R5473-02 10 000 m/s2 Circular and Assembly (S/S case) 1R=2 MΩ YES linear focused/10 Assembly 1800 Venetian blind/12 0.01 3000 1500 E 2000 I (1000 G) 0.5 ms S/S: Stainless steel Dimensional outlines and basing diagrams (Unit: mm) R4607A-01/-06 R4607A-27/-28 58.0 ± 0.5 46 MIN. 8 DY10 9 DY7 4 DY3 12 DY4 2 1 DY1 13 MAX. STAINLESS STEEL CASE 13 DY2 14 IC 15 3 R11 C3 R10 C2 R9 C1 ANODE OUTPUT RG-316/U GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) DY10 DY8 10 DY6 11 5 P K SHORT PIN DY9 HA-TREATMENT, MAGNETIC SHIELD 80 ± 2 DY9 DY5 15 PIN BASE 7 6 PHOTOCATHODE IC IC P PHOTOCATHODE SHIELD AWG26 (BLACK/WHITE) 46 MIN. 110 ± 1 FACEPLATE 52.0 ± 1.0 0.7 ± 0.3 52 ± 1 DY8 R8 DY7 R7 DY6 R6 DY5 R5 DY4 R4 DY3 R3 DY2 R2 DY1 K R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) 203 MIN. SHIELD AWG26 (BLACK/WHITE) R1: 4 MΩ R2 to R11: 2 MΩ C1 to C3: 3300 pF GND/+HV AWG22 (RED) -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) SIGNAL OUTPUT COAX. RG-316/U TPMHA0003EE TPMHA0453EE Voltage distribution ratios Number of stages Distribution ratio codes G 10 Voltage distribution ratio K: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode K H Dy1 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * (2000) (2000) (2000) K I Dy3 1 * (3300) (3300) (3300) E 12 Dy2 2 G 2 Dy1 1 Dy2 1 Dy3 1 Dy4 1 Dy5 1 Dy6 1 Dy7 1 Dy8 1 Dy9 1 Dy10 1 Dy11 1 Dy12 1 P 1 * (4700) (4700) (4700) * The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in pF. 16 i Blue sensitivity index (CS 5-58) at 25 °C Luminous at 25 °C Min. Typ. (µA/lm) (µA/lm) 20 30 3.0 4.5 20 40 4.0 20 40 20 40 (20 G) 500 m/s2 (50 G) Typ. Gain at 25 °C Typ. at 25 °C at 175 °C Type No. Typ. Max. Typ. (A/lm) (A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA) 3.3 × 105 5 10 3 50 50 (90 °C) 6.0 5.0 × 105 5 20 3 50 1500 4.0 6.0 5.0 × 105 5 20 0.1 10 150 R8874-01 4.0 6.0 5.0 × 105 5 20 0.5 10 400 R5473-02 R4607A-06 R4607A-28 R4607A-01 R4607A-27 R5473-02 (See Note 2 on page 18) 16.5 PHOTOCATHODE FERROMAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL CASE ANODE OUTPUT AWG24 (VIOLET) GND/+HV AWG24 (RED) -HV/GND AWG24 (BLACK) P R12 C3 R11 C2 R10 C1 ANODE OUTPUT AWG24 (VIOLET) GND/+HV AWG24 (RED) DY9 DY8 DY4 DY3 P R14 C3 R13 C2 DY11 R12 C1 R8 R7 R6 DY9 GLASS FIBER CASE DY8 DY5 R5 DY4 DY3 R3 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 DY2 R2 R1 R10 R9 DY6 R4 K R11 DY7 DY2 DY1 ANODE OUTPUT AWG 22 (RED) GND/+HV AWG22 (WHITE) DY10 R9 DY5 FACEPLATE 20 MIN. PHOTOCATHODE DY7 DY6 26.0 ± 0.4 DY12 DY10 92.2 ± 0.4 14 MIN. FERROMAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL CASE 0.5 ± 0.3 !1 Dark current Typ. 19.0 ± 0.3 50.0 ± 0.25 !0 Min. R8874-01 203 MIN. Luminous at 25 °C 0.5 ± 0.3 m/s2 Min. Anode sensitivity and characteristics -HV/GND AWG24 (BLACK) R1,R2 : 3 MΩ R3 to R12 : 2 MΩ C1 to C3 : 2000 pF TPMHA0599EC ANODE OUTPUT AWG22 (RED) 203 MIN. Sine vibration 200 o Cathode sensitivity GND/+HV AWG22 (WHITE) -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) DY1 R3 R2 G K R1 -HV/GND AWG22 (BLACK) R1 : 8 MΩ R2 to R14 : 4 MΩ C1 to C3 : 4700 pF TPMHA0349EE 17 Description of the preceding data Note 1 q Temperature cycling tests are performed for all 175 °C and 200 °C type tubes. w A socket will be supplied with a tube. (Assembly type is excluded) e Screening tests are performed all R1288A-31, R1288AH-31, R3991A-31, R3991AH-31, R6877A-31 tubes. See Figure 16 and Figure 17 on page 26. r The voltage distribution ratios are shown in the bottom table of each page. t Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. y These voltages are applied when the anode sensitivity and characteristics are measured. u Only initial production tubes are tested for these shock tests. Conditions are as follows: 3 impact shocks per direction (6 directions) i Only initial production tubes are tested for these sine wave vibration tests. Conditions are as follows: 50 Hz to 2000 Hz, 1 oct. per minute, 3 sweeps per axis (3 axes) o The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. The light input is 0.01 lumen and 150 volts are applied between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together as anode. In the case of blue sensitivity, a blue filter of corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness is interposed between the light source and the tube. !0 The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. !1 Measured after 30 min. storage in darkness. Note 2 In use of this assembly at +HV potential, the load resistor (RL) and the high voltage resistant capacitor (C) must be wired as follows : C SIGNAL BASING DIAGRAM SYMBOLS +H.V All base diagrams show terminals viewed from the base end of the tube. RL P DY DY Short Index Pin RECOMMENDED VALUE RL : 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ C : 0.005 µF, 3 kV to 5 kV Pin Key K DY : Dynode G(F) : Grid (Focusing electrode) : Photocathode K : Anode P IC : Internal connection (Do not use) Flying Lead TPMOC0068EC TPMHC0105EA Figure 1: An example of the temperature cycling test chart 16 h 8h 16 h 16 h 175 °C TEMPERATURE CYCLING 50 °C 1 2 3 4 5 PMT OUTPUT 6 B A : MEASURING POINT C NOTE: 1 Temperature cycling tests are performed for all 175 °C and 200 °C type tubes. 2 Temperature slope (rise/down condition) 3 °C/min. Max. (B-A) 3 PMT output: < 10 % A 4 PMT noise edge < 60 keV (Measured at C of PMT OUTPUT) 18 5 The plateau characteristic is measured by LED in C point. TPMHC0185EC Sockets Dimensional outlines (Unit: mm) E678-13E E678-14-03 12.4 27.5 11 19.1 5.5 7 9.5 6.5 2 14 3 10.5 3.9 25.2 14 24.5 TACCA0013EC E678-12R TACCA0184EB E678-15C 47 60 17 50 45 40 4 40 5 2- 3.2 12 2 40 TACCA0009EC 6.5 8 5 15 34 TACCA0185EB Contact pins are gold plated. 19 High voltage power supply modules C12733-01/-02 Features ●Wide operating temperature Operating ambient temperature: -40 °C to +175 °C ●High reliability for shock / vibration Vibration: 300 m/s2, Shock: 10000 m/s2 ●Best match with most of the hamamatsu ruggedized high temperature PMT assemblies Specifications Parameters Input voltage Input current (with full load) A Variable output voltage range Output current Line regulation against ±1 V input change AB Load regulation against 0 % to 100 % load change A Ripple / noise (p-p) AB Output voltage control Control voltage input impedance Output voltage setting Output voltage rise time (0 % ➝ 99 %) AB Temperature coefficient Operating humidity range Storage humidity range Resistance to vibration Resistance to shock Weight Protective function NOTE: AAt maximum output voltage C12733-01 C12733-02 +15 ± 1 50 Typ. +1000 to +1800 90 ±0.1 ±0.1 50 By an external control voltage (0 V to +5 V) 10 -(Control voltage × 160 + 1000) +(Control voltage × 160 + 1000) 350 ±0.005 -40 to +175 -55 to +70 300 m/s2, 10 Hz to 2000 Hz 10000 m/s2, 1/2 sine, 0.5 ms 80 Short circuit protection -1000 to -1800 Max. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Unit V mA V µA % % mV — kΩ V ms %/°C °C °C — — g — BAt maximum output current Dimensional outline (Unit: mm) 3.2 2.5 12.3 ± 0.1 200 ± 10 #4-40 stud GND: 5.7 85.4 ± 0.1 10 BLACK: GND GRAY: Vcont ORANGE: Vcc +15 V 12.7 ± 0.1 GND 22.2 ± 0.1 SUS303 HIGH VOLTAGE OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE OUTPUT: 7.0 TACCA0320EB 20 1. General characteristics of photomultiplier tubes 1-1. General characteristics Figure 1: Typical spectral response of 175 °C version photomultiplier tubes Figure 2: R1288A typical dark current characteristics as a function of temperature (at 25 °C) TPMHB0061EA 102 10-5 TPMHB0062EC 200 °C Type 10-6 ANODE DARK CURRENT (A) CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%) SUPPLY VOLTAGE=1500 V CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY 101 QUANTUM EFFICIENCY 100 10-7 90 °C Type 175 °C Type 10-8 10-9 10-1 200 300 400 500 600 10-10 700 25 WAVELENGTH (nm) (at 25 °C) 108 200 (at 25 °C) TPMHB0064ED 106 GAIN GAIN 175 107 R4177, R3991A, R3991AH, R1288A, R1288AH, R6877A, R9722A, R4607A, R8874-01 105 104 R5473-02 105 103 104 102 103 101 500 150 Figure 4: Typical gain TPMHB0063EF 106 90 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 3: Typical gain 107 50 600 700 800 1000 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 1500 1800 102 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 21 RELATIVE PULSE HEIGHT (%) Figure 5: Typical fatigue characteristics with continuous operation (R1288A) 150 TPMHB0823EB 90 °C 100 150 °C 175 °C 50 LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs) COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V 0 10 1 100 1000 10000 OPERATION TIME (hours) RELATIVE PULSE HEIGHT (%) Figure 6: Typical fatigue characteristics with continuous operation (R1288AH) 150 TPMHB0824EA 175 °C 100 200 °C 50 LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs) COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 OPERATION TIME (hours) Figure 7: Typical pulse height as a function of temperature (R1288A, R1288AH, R3991A, R3991AH) TPMHB0749EC 100 RELATIVE PULSE HEIGHT 22 RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs SCINTILLATOR: 1"×2" NaI(TI): R1288A, R1288AH 0.75"×1.5" NaI(TI): R3991A, R3991AH SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V R1288A 80 R1288AH 60 R3991A 40 R3991AH 20 TPMHB0750EC RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs SCINTILLATOR: 1"×2" NaI(TI): R1288A, R1288AH 0.75"×1.5" NaI(TI): R3991A, R3991AH SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V 20 PULSE HEIGHT RESOLUTION (%) 120 Figure 8: Typical pulse height resolution as a function of temperature (R1288A, R1288AH, R3991A, R3991AH) 18 R3991AH 16 R3991A 14 12 10 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 22 175 200 6 25 R1288AH R1288A 8 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7 shows the variations of P.H. (pulse height) and Figure 8 shows P.H.R. (pulse height resolution) as a function of the ambient temperature. These degradations are due to performance changes in the photomultiplier tube and efficiency losses in the crystal at high temperature. Both parameters recover close to their initial values when tubes are returned to room temperature. P.H.R. (pulse height resolution) characteristic of a PMT may be changed by the emission efficiency of scintillator used. This data is taken with the scintillator 1"×2" NaI(TI) for R1288A, R1288AH, 0.75"×1.5" NaI(TI) for R3991A, R3991AH. Figure 9: Typical plateau characteristics (R1288A, R1288AH) 1800 COUNT RATE (s-1) 1600 1400 TPMHB0067EE LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 1.5 pC RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs (662 keV) SCINTILLATOR: Nal (Tl) ( 1" × 2") 175 °C 150 °C 200 °C 1200 25 °C 1000 800 600 PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 200 V PLATEAU LENGTH at 200 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 50 V 400 200 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV) Figure 10: Typical plateau characteristics (R3991A, R3991AH) 1800 COUNT RATE (s-1) 1600 1400 TPMHB0751EB LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 1.5 pC RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs (662 keV) SCINTILLATOR: Nal (Tl) ( 0.75" × 1.5") 175 °C 150 °C 200 °C 1200 25 °C 1000 800 600 PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 200 V PLATEAU LENGTH at 200 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 50 V 400 200 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV) Figure 11: Typical plateau characteristics (R8874-01) 1800 COUNT RATE (s-1) 1600 1400 TPMHB0914EA LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 1.5 pC RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs (662 keV) SCINTILLATOR: Nal (Tl) ( 0.5" × 1") 175 °C 150 °C 1200 25 °C 1000 800 600 400 200 0.9 PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 200 V 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV) 23 Figure 12: Plateau test block diagram TEMPERATURE CONTROL CHAMBER 137Cs SCINTILLATOR NaI(Tl) RADIO ISOTOPE VOLTAGE DIVIDER NETWORK PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY PRE AMP. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER LINEAR AMP. COMPUTER SINGLE CHANNEL ANALYZER COUNTER TPMHC0186EB 1-2. LLD during plateau measurement This section describes the LLD (lower level discriminator) that should be set to make plateau measurements. First, let us calculate the charge amount per pulse that is output from the PMT. The number of photons emitted from a NaI(Tl) scintillator for high temperature and rugged environments is usually about 15 photons per 1 keV of gamma-ray energy. If using 137Cs (gamma-ray energy 662 keV), the number of emitted photons will be about 10,000. It is simply calculated by 662 × 15. If the PMT is used with a 137Cs radiation source, the charge amount per pulse of the PMT is obtained as follows: N× × × × e = 10,000 × 0.15 × 0.8 × 5 × 105 × 1.6 × 10-19 = 100 pC N : Number of photons emitted from scintillator per event : Photocathode quantum efficiency (assumed to be 15 % at room temperature) : PMT collection efficiency (assumed to be 80 %) : PMT gain e : Electron charge As calculated above, the charge amount per pulse obtained using the 137Cs (662 keV) is about 100 pC. The estimated charge amount obtained under the conditions at 175 °C will therefore be about 50 pC which is approximately half the charge at room temperature (See Fig. 7 on page 22). Based on these, the LLD should be adjusted to an optimal level, however, in view of the decrease in output during high temperature operation, it is preferable that the LLD be set so that a plateau region can be obtained at a voltage lower than the rated voltage. For general characteristics when LLD = 1.5 pC, refer to Figures 9 to 11. Since the PMT gain and the emission intensity of scintillators differ from product to product, we advise adjusting the LLD setting as needed to match the actual usage conditions so that the plateau region can be obtained below the rated voltage. When setting the LLD, we suggest using a capacitor with a known capacitance and a pulse generator in order to calibrate by using the pulse output from the capacitor. 24 Figure 13: Temperature test block diagram (Temperature cycling test and plateau measurement) TEMPERATURE CONTROL CHAMBER LIGHT GUIDE TEMPERATURE STABILIZED LIGHT SOURCE BOX HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE DIVIDER NETWORK PMT PRE AMP. BLUE LED MULTICHANNEL ANALYZER TEMP. CONTROLLER LINEAR AMP. PULSE GENERATOR SINGLE CHANNEL ANALYZER UNIVERSAL COUNTER COMPUTER TPMHC0184ED 1-3. Plateau measurement using a blue LED PLATEAU LENGTH MEASURED WITH NaI(Tl) SCINTILLATOR (V) Figure 14: Correlation of plateau length data measured with scintillator and blue LED 180 TPMHB0634EA 160 Figure 15: Plateau characteristics of R3991A measured with scintillator and blue LED RELATIVE OUTPUT COUNT 1.8 1.6 LIGHT SOURCE : 137Cs+ NaI(TI) LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 1.5 pC TEMP. : 175 °C 1.4 1.2 1.0 PLATEAU LENGTH: 176 V 0.8 0.6 0.4 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 1800 2000 APPLIED VOLTAGE ( V ) 1.4 RELATIVE OUTPUT COUNTS Plateau measurement is usually performed by Hamamatsu with a combination of a 137Cs radiation source and an NaI(Tl) scintillator, which serves as the light source. However, pulsed light from a blue LED can also be used to evaluate plateau characteristics of the photomultiplier tube. Advantages of using a blue LED is that decreasing of the emission efficiency of NaI(Tl) scintillators over time can be eliminated. In addition, the LED is set outside the temperature-controlled chamber so it is not exposed to high temperatures during measurement. This means that inherent characteristics of photomultiplier tubes can be measured. Furthermore, plateau measurement using scintillators often requires a large number of scintillators and also extra processes for measurement setups. This results in more work and increased cost in order to supply customers with plateau measurement data. Using blue LEDs allows simultaneous measurement of many photomultiplier tubes and supplying data with a minimum cost increase. Figures 14 and 15 show comparisons of plateau length data measured using scintillators and blue LEDs. As can be seen, this data shows a good correlation. The block diagram of the test using a blue LED is also shown in Figure 13. 1.3 LIGHT SOURCE : BLUE LED LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 1.5 pC TEMP. : 175 °C 1.2 1.1 1.0 PLATEAU LENGTH: 629 V 0.9 0.8 0.7 140 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 APPLIED VOLTAGE ( V ) 120 TPMHB0633EA 100 400 450 500 550 600 PLATEAU LENGTH MEASURED WITH BLUE LED (V) 650 25 Figure 16: Screening test block diagram for R1288A-31, R1288AH-31, R3991A-31, R3991AH-31, R6877A-31 and an example test data DC POWER SUPPLY HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY MAGNETIC SHIELD WRAPPING LED <Screening Condition> Vibration : Sine wave 200 m/s2 (20 G), 50 Hz to 2000 Hz Sweep time : 1 oct. per minute, 1 sweep per axis (3 axes) Supply voltage : -1500 V Anode output current : Approx. 2 µA (DC) PMT SHAKER <Judgement> Anode output variation during the screening test: less than ±5 % VIBRATION CONTROL UNIT TPMHC0106EB Z-axis 5 min. X-axis 10 % VARIATION OF ANODE OUTPUT (2 %/div.) RECORDER 50 2000 50 FREQUENCY (Hz) DY1 X-axis 5 min. Y-axis 10 % VARIATION OF ANODE OUTPUT (2 %/div.) Y-axis 50 2000 5 min. Z-axis 10 % VARIATION OF ANODE OUTPUT (2 %/div.) DY2 TACCC0043EB 50 FREQUENCY (Hz) 50 2000 50 FREQUENCY (Hz) TPMHB0220EA Random vibration test and monitoring in counting output are also available upon request. Figure 17: Screening test block diagram in pulse counting measurement MAGNETIC SHIELD WRAPPING HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY PMT VIBRATION CONTROL UNIT <Judgement> Anode output average noise count within 1 s-1 during vibration test LINEAR AMP. SINGLE CHANNEL ANALYZER 26 <Screening Condition> Vibration : Sine wave 200 m/s2 (20 G), 50 Hz to 2000 Hz Sweep time : 1 oct. per minute, 1 sweep per axis (3 axes) Supply voltage : equivalent voltage of 5 × 105 gain Lower level discrim. : 1.5 pC PRE AMP. SHAKER COUNTER TPMHC0252EA 2. Technical information of photomultiplier tubes 2-1. Long life characteristic of R1288AH Compared to the R1288A, the R1288AH offers less degradation in output and higher stability even during continuous operation at 200 °C. RELATIVE PULSE HEIGHT (%) Figure 1: R1288AH relative pulse height vs. operating time (Temperature: 200 °C) 150 TPMHB0825EB R1288AH 100 R1288A 50 LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs) COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 OPERATION TIME (hours) Stability is drastically improved even during continuous operation at 175 °C. RELATIVE PULSE HEIGHT (%) Figure 2: R1288AH relative pulse height vs. operating time (Temperature: 175 °C) 150 TPMHB0826EA R1288AH 100 R1288A 50 LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs) COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 OPERATION TIME (hours) 27 2-2. Comparison of pulse height resolution on different dia. PMTs with same sized scintillators PULSE HEIGHT RESOLUTION (%) Figure 3: With 11 0.75" × 1.5" NaI(Tl) scintillator (at 25 °C) TPMHB0915EA RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs 10.5 R8874-01 10 9.5 9 R3991A-27 COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE = EQUIVALENT VOLTAGE OF 1 mA PEAK OUTPUT FROM PMT 8.5 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 CATHODE BLUE SENSITIVITY INDEX (CS 5-58) PULSE HEIGHT RESOLUTION (%) Figure 4: With 12 11.5 1" × 2" NaI(Tl) scintillator (at 25 °C) TPMHB0916EA RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs R8874-01 11 10.5 R3991A-27 10 9.5 R1288A-27 9 8.5 COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE = EQUIVALENT VOLTAGE OF 1 mA PEAK OUTPUT FROM PMT 8 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 CATHODE BLUE SENSITIVITY INDEX (CS 5-58) 28 8 3. Technical information of photomultiplier tube assemblies 3-1. Count rate characteristics Power consumption is limited in oil well logging equipment. The voltage divider circuit for operating the photomultiplier tube must have low power consumption. A common method to lower power consumption is to use a high resistance to limit the voltage divider current. However, such a design causes deviation in photomultiplier tube gain when operated at a high count rate. An active divider circuit is effective in solving this problem. Fig- ure 1 shows count rate characteristics of a R1288A photomultiplier tube measured with active divider circuits of different base resisters (1R=2 MΩ, 1R=100 kΩ and 1R=2 MΩ ACTIVE DIVIDER). Active divider circuits are clearly effective in eliminating gain fluctuations while still limiting the voltage divider current. If the active divider circuit is required for your application, please contact our sales office nearest you. Figure 1: Count rate characteristics 1R=2 MΩ 1R=2 MΩ ACTIVE DIVIDER 20 DIVIDER CURRENT 1500 V: 58 µA 1200 V: 46 µA 15 RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs SCINTILLATOR: NaI(Tl) 1" × 2" LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 60 keV +1500 V 10 +1200 V 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs SCINTILLATOR: NaI(Tl) 1" × 2" LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 60 keV DIVIDER CURRENT 1500 V: 58 µA 1200 V: 46 µA 15 DEVIATION (%) DEVIATION (%) 20 10 +1500 V +1200 V 5 0 60 0 10 20 COUNT RATE (k s-1) 30 40 50 60 COUNT RATE (k s-1) 1R=100 kΩ DEVIATION (%) 20 DIVIDER CURRENT 1500 V: 1150 µA 1200 V: 920 µA 15 RADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs SCINTILLATOR: NaI(Tl) 1" × 2" LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.: 60 keV ACTIVE DIVIDER CIRCUIT P K OUTPUT Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 R 10 3R +1500 V +1200 V R R R R R R R R ACTIVE DIVIDER CIRCUIT GND/+HV -HV/GND 5 TPMHB0752EA 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 COUNT RATE (k s-1) 29 WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE Take sufficient care to avoid an electric shock hazard handling of high voltages. Designs of equipment utilizing A high voltage used in photomultiplier tube operathese devices should incorporate appropriate interlocks to tion may present a shock hazard. Photomultiplier protect the operator and service personnel. tubes should be installed and handled only by qualified personnel that have been instructed in PRECAUTIONS FOR USE ● Handle tubes with extreme care Photomultiplier tubes have evacuated glass envelopes. Allowing the glass to be scratched or to be subjected to shock can cause cracks. plastic base, so care should be taken in handling this type of tube. For example, when fabricating the voltage-divider circuit, solder the divider resistors to socket lugs while the tube is inserted in the socket. ● Keep faceplate and base clean Do not touch the faceplate and base with bare hands. Dirt and fingerprints on the faceplate cause loss of transmittance and dirt on the base may cause ohmic leakage. Should they become soiled, wipe it clean using alcohol. ● Low temperature storage or operation Do not leave the tube assembly having a voltage divider in the environment under -30 °C even in storage. A bare tube can withstand down to -80 °C. ● Applied force to faceplate The maximum rating of assembly type is 20 kgf. Do not apply force to faceplate exceeding 20 kgf. ● Do not expose to strong light Direct sunlight and other strong illumination may cause damage to the photocathode. They must not be allowed to strike the photocathode, even when the tube is not operated. ● Handling of tubes with a glass base A glass base (also called button stem) is less rugged than a ● DO NOT use supersonic cleaner. ● Attached base and socket are only for lab inspection, and not guarantee for long time operation at high temperature. Data and specifications listed in this catalog are subject to change due to product improvement and other factors. Before specifying any of the types in your production equipment, please consult our sales office. WARRANTY Hamamatsu photomultiplier tubes and related products are warranted to the original purchaser for a period of 12 months after delivery. The warranty is limited to repair or replacement of a defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials used in its manufacture. However, even if within the warranty period the warranty shall not apply to failures or damages caused by misoperation, mishandling, modification or accidents such as natural or man-made disasters. The customer should inspect and test all products as soon as they are delivered. WHEN DISPOSAL THE PRODUCT The material in the PMT contains beryllium alloy. Please follow the applicable regulations regarding disposal of hazard- 30 ous materials and industrial wastes in your country, state, region or province. Memo 31 HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 www.hamamatsu.com Main Products Sales Offices Electron Tubes Photomultiplier Tubes Photomultiplier Tube Modules Microchannel Plates Image Intensifiers Xenon Lamps / Mercury Xenon Lamps Deuterium Lamps Light Source Applied Products Laser Applied Products Microfocus X-ray Sources X-ray Imaging Devices Japan: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K. 325-6, Sunayama-cho, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref. 430-8587, Japan Telephone: (81)53-452-2141, Fax: (81)53-456-7889 E-mail: [email protected] Opto-semiconductors Si photodiodes APD Photo IC Image sensors PSD Infrared detectors LED Optical communication devices Automotive devices X-ray flat panel sensors Mini-spectrometers Opto-semiconductor modules Imaging and Processing Systems Cameras / Image Processing Measuring Systems X-ray Products Life Science Systems Medical Systems Semiconductor Failure Analysis Systems FPD / LED Characteristic Evaluation Systems Spectroscopic and Optical Measurement Systems Laser Products Semiconductor lasers Applied products of semiconductor lasers Solid state lasers China: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS (CHINA) Co., Ltd. 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Telephone: (1)408-261-2022, Fax: (1)408-261-2522 E-mail: [email protected] Chicago Office 4711 Golf Road, Suite 805, Skokie, IL 60076, U.S.A. Telephone: (1)847-825-6046, Fax: (1)847-825-2189 E-mail: [email protected] Boston Office 20 Park Plaza, Suite 312, Boston, MA 02116, U.S.A. Telephone: (1)617-536-9900, Fax: (1)617-536-9901 E-mail: [email protected] REVISED MAR. 2016 Information in this catalog is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omission. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. © 2016 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. 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Main Office 19, Rue du Saule Trapu Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: [email protected] Quality, technology and service are part of every product. TPMH0004E04 MAR. 2016 IP (1000)