DATASHEET

HI7188
TM
Data Sheet
8-Channel, 16-Bit, High Precision, SigmaDelta A/D Sub-System
The HI7188 is an easy-to-use 8-Channel sigma-delta
programmable A/D subsystem ideal for low frequency
physical and electrical measurements in scientific, medical,
and industrial applications. The subsystem has complete onchip capabilities to support moving the intelligence from the
system controller and towards the sensors. This gives the
designer faster and more flexible configurability without the
traditional drawbacks of low throughput per channel, higher
power or cost per channel. Extreme design complexity and
excessive software overhead is eliminated.
The HI7188 contains a fully differential 8 channel multiplexer,
Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA), 4th
order sigma-delta ADC, integrating filter, line noise rejection
filters, calibration and data RAMs, clock oscillator, and a
microsequencer. Communication with the HI7188 is
performed via the serial I/O port, and is compatible with most
synchronous transfer formats, including both the
Motorola/Intersil 6805/11 series SPI, QSPI and Intel 8051
series SSR protocols.
The powerful on-board microsequencer provides automatic
conversions on the multiplexed input channels (up to 8) by
controlling all channel switching, filtering and calibration. The
microsequencer supports on-the-fly multiplexer
reconfiguration, forty to fifty times faster throughput than the
competition and zero step response delay during internal or
external multiplexer channel changes. A simple set of
commands gives the user control over calibration, PGIA
gain, and bipolar/unipolar modes on a per channel basis.
Number of channels to convert, data coding, line noise
rejection, etc. is programmed at the chip level. The
calibration RAMs allow the user to read and write system
calibration data while the data RAMs provide a read support
of the conversion results for each channel.
This design is effectively eight 16-bit (for 96dB noise-free
dynamic range) Sigma-Delta A/D converters combined with
a microsequencer and an eight-channel multiplexer in a
single package. The HI7188 provides 120dB line-noise
rejection at 240 samples/second/channel (in 60Hz linerejection mode) and 200 samples/second/channel (in 50Hz
line-rejection mode) base output data rates. By reusing
multiplexer channels for the same input, throughput can
Fully Differential 8-Channel Multiplexer and Reference
1
December 2000
File Number
4016.5
Features
• Fully Differential 8-Channel Multiplexer and Reference
• Automatic Channel Switching with Zero Latency
• 240 Conversions Per Second Per Channel
• 16-Bit Resolution with No Missing Codes
• 0.0015% Integral Non-Linearity
• Fully Software Configurable
- 120dB Rejection of 60/50Hz Line Noise
- Channel Conversion Order and Number of Active
Channels
- True Bipolar or Unipolar Input Range Per Channel
- PGIA Gain Per Channel
- 2-Wire or 3-Wire Interface
• Chopper Stabilized PGIA with Gains of 1 to 8
• Serial Data I/O Interface, SPI Compatible
• 3 Point System Calibration
• Low Power Dissipation of 30mW (Typ)
Applications
• Multi-Channel Industrial Process Controls
• Weight Scales
• Medical Patient Monitoring
• Laboratory Instrumentation
• Gas Monitoring System
• Reference Literature
- AN9504 “A Brief Introduction to Sigma Delta
Conversion”
- TB329 “Intersil Sigma-Delta Calibration Techniques”
- AN9518 “Using the HI7188 Evaluation Kit”
- AN9610 “Interfacing the HI7188 to a Microcontroller”
- AN9538 “Using the HI7188 Serial Interface
Ordering Information
PART
NUMBER
HI7188IN
HI7188EVAL
TEMP.
RANGE (oC)
PACKAGE
-40 to 85
44 Ld MQFP
25
Evaluation Kit
PKG. NO.
Q44.10x10
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil and Design is a trademark of Intersil Corporation. | Copyright © Intersil Corporation 2000
HI7188
Pinouts
A0
A1
A2
EOS
RSTI/O
DGND
CS
MODE
SCLK
MXC
OSC2
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34
33
2
32
DVDD
3
31
RST
DGND
4
30
DVDD
AVSS
5
29
DGND
AVSS
6
28
AVSS
VINL1
7
27
AVSS
VINH1
8
26
AVDD
VINL2
9
25
VRHI
VINH2
10
24
VRLO
VINL3
11
23
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
VINH8
VINL8
VINH7
VINL7
VINH6
VINL6
VINH5
VINL5
VINH4
VINL4
1
VINH3
OSC1
2
SDO
SDIO
HI7188 (MQFP)
TOP VIEW
CA
VCM
Functional Block Diagram
VRHI VRLO
VCM
PHYSICAL
CHANNELS
16
LOGICAL
CHANNELS
BYPASS
LNR
RAM0
CH1
CH1
4TH
ORDER
1
INTEGRATING
FILTER
∑−∆
MODULATOR
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH4
CH4
CH5
CH5
CH6
CH6
CH7
CH7
CH7
CH8
CH8
CH8
CH4 24
CH4
CH5
CH5
CH6
CH6
PGIA GAIN
CH7
CH8
MODE
CHANNEL SELECT
24
A0
A1
A2
MXC
LOGICAL
CHANNEL
ADDRESS
HI7188
BIPOLAR/UNIPOLAR
CH1
CH3
CH3
23
CALIBRATION
REGISTERS
AND CONTROL
RAM1
CH1
CH2
CH2
PGIA
VIN1L
VIN2L
VIN3L
VIN4L
VIN5L
VIN6L
VIN7L
VIN8L
LINE NOISE FILTER
LOGICAL SEQUENCER
3
VIN1H
VIN2H
VIN3H
VIN4H
VIN5H
VIN6H
VIN7H
VIN8H
16
CONVERSION CONTROL
SERIAL
INTERFACE
CONTROL
REGISTER
CCR REGISTERS
EOS
CA
RST MODE
CS
CLOCK
GENERATOR
SCLK SDO SDIO RSTIO
OSC1
OSC2
HI7188
Typical Application Schematic
3.6864MHz
1
26
+5V
0.1µF
R1
+
2
3, 30
AVDD OSC1 OSC2 DVDD
4.7µF
4.7µF
HI7188IN
25
+2.5V
REFERENCE
24
8
+
CHANNEL 1
7
-
10
+
CHANNEL 2
9
-
12
+
CHANNEL 3
11
-
14
+
CHANNEL 4
13
-
15
+
CHANNEL 5
14
-
18
+
CHANNEL 6
17
-
20
+
CHANNEL 7
19
-
22
+
CHANNEL 8
21
-
23
0.1µF
VRHI
42
VRLO
SCLK
VINH1
SDIO
VINL1
SDO
VINL2
4
4.7µF
+
DATA OUT
38
RSTI/O
40
VINH3
CS
VINL3
CS
37
EOS
VINH4
VINL4
CA
VINH5
RST
VINL5
MXC
VINH6
A2
VINL6
A1
VINH7
VINL7
A0
EOS
32
RST
33
36
35
34
VINL8
VCM
DGND
4, 29, 39
CA
31
VINH8
AVSS
+
DATA I/O
43
RSTI/O
MODE
0.1µF
44
VINH2
5, 6, 27, 28
-5V
+5V
+
41
MXC
A2
A1
A0
HI7188
Pin Descriptions
44 LEAD
MQFP
PIN NAME
PIN DESCRIPTION
41
MODE
Mode input. Used to select between Synchronous Self Clocking (MODE = 1) or Synchronous External Clocking
(MODE = 0) for the Serial Port.
42
SCLK
Serial interface clock. Synchronizes serial data transfers. Data is input on the rising edge and output on the falling
edge.
43
SDO
Serial Data Out. Serial data is read from this line when using a 3-wire serial protocol such as the Motorola Serial
Peripheral Interface.
44
SDIO
Serial Data IN or OUT. This line is bidirectional programmable and interfaces directly to the Intel Standard Serial
Interface using a 2-wire serial protocol.
1
OSC1
Oscillator clock input for the device. A crystal connected between OSC1 and OSC2 will provide a clock to the
device, or an external oscillator can drive OSC1. The oscillator frequency should be 3.6864MHz to maintain Line
Noise Rejection.
2
OSC2
Used to connect a crystal source between OSC1 and OSC2. Leave open otherwise.
3, 30
DVDD
Positive Digital supply (+5V).
4, 29, 39
DGND
Digital supply ground.
5, 6, 27, 28
AVSS
Negative analog power supply (-5V).
7
VINL1
Analog input low for Channel 1.
8
VINH1
Analog input high for Channel 1.
9
VINL2
Analog input low for Channel 2.
10
VINH2
Analog input high for Channel 2.
11
VINL3
Analog input low for Channel 3.
12
VINH3
Analog input high for Channel 3.
13
VINL4
Analog input low for Channel 4.
14
VINH4
Analog input high for Channel 4.
15
VINL5
Analog input low for Channel 5.
16
VINH5
Analog input high for Channel 5.
17
VINL6
Analog input low for Channel 6.
18
VINH6
Analog input high for Channel 6.
19
VINL7
Analog input low for Channel 7.
20
VINH7
Analog input high for Channel 7.
21
VINL8
Analog input low for Channel 8.
22
VINH8
Analog input high for Channel 8.
23
VCM
Common mode voltage. Must be tied to the mid point of AVDD and AVSS .
24
VRLO
External reference input. Should be negative referenced to VRHI .
25
VRHI
External reference input. Should be positive referenced to VRLO .
26
AVDD
Positive analog power supply (+5V).
31
RST
Active low Reset pin. Used to initialize modulator, filter, RAMs, registers and state machines.
32
CA
33
MXC
Calibration active output. Indicates that at least one active channel is in a calibration mode.
34
A0
Logical channel count output (LSB).
35
A1
Logical channel count output.
36
A2
Logical channel count output (MSB).
37
EOS
38
RSTI/O
40
CS
Multiplexer control output. Indicates that the conversion for the active channel is complete.
End of scan output. Signals the end of a channel scan (all active channels have been converted) and data is
available to be read. Remains low until data RAM is read.
I/O reset (active low) input. Resets serial interface state machine only.
Active low chip select pin. Used to select a serial data transfer cycle. When high the SDO and SDIO pins are
three-state.
5
HI7188
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage
AVDD to AVSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11V
DVDD to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +5.5V
Analog Input Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AVSS to AVDD
Digital Input, Output and I/O Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND to DVDD
ESD Tolerance (No Damage)
Human Body Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500V
Machine Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100V
Charged Device Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1)
θJA (oC/W)
MQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to 150oC
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150oC
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300oC
(MQFP - Lead Tips Only)
Operating Conditions
Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to 85oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE:
1. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a low effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
Electrical Specifications
AVDD = +5V, AVSS = -5V, DVDD = +5V, VRHI = +2.5V, VRLO = AGND, VCM = AGND, PGIA Gain = 1,
OSCIN = 3.6864MHz, Bipolar Input Range Selected
-40oC TO 85oC
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Resolution
Dependent on Gain (Note 2)
-
-
16
Bits
Integral Non-Linearity, INL
FS = 25Hz, +FS, +MS, 0, -MS, -FS
End Point Line Method (Notes 3, 5, 6)
-
±0.0015
±0.0045
%FS
Differential Non-Linearity
(Note 2)
No Missing Codes to 16-Bits
-
Offset Error, VOS (Calibrated)
VINHI = VINLO (Notes 3, 4)
-
±0.0015
-
%FS
Full Scale Error, FSE (Calibrated)
VINHI - VINLO = +2.5V (Notes 3, 4)
-
±0.0015
-
%FS
Gain Error (Calibrated)
Slope = +Full Scale - (-Full Scale)
(Notes 3, 4)
-
±0.0015
-
%FS
-
1/4
-
LSB
-
-75
-
dB
Noise, VN(P-P)
Common Mode Rejection Ratio,
CMRR
VCM = 0V (Note 5) Delta VCM = ±3V
Off Channel Isolation
(Note 2)
-120
-
-
dB
Common Mode Input Range, VCM
(Note 2)
AVSS
-
AVDD
-
Input Leakage Current, IIN
VIN = AVDD (Note 3)
-
-
1.0
nA
Input Capacitance, CIN
(Note 2) See Table 2
-
4.0
-
pF
Input Logic High Voltage, VIH
2.0
-
-
V
Input Logic Low Voltage, VIL
-
-
0.8
V
ANALOG INPUT
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input Logic Current, II
VIN = 0V, +5V
-
1.0
10
µA
Input Capacitance, CIN
VIN = 0V (Note 2)
-
5.0
-
pF
DIGITAL CMOS OUTPUTS
Output Logic High Voltage, VOH
IOUT = -100µA (Note 7)
2.4
-
-
V
Output Logic Low Voltage, VOL
IOUT = 3.2mA (Note 7)
-
-
0.4
V
Output Three-State Leakage
Current, IOZ
VOUT = 0V, +5V (Note 7)
-
1
10
µA
Digital Output Capacitance, COUT
(Note 2)
-
10
-
pF
6
HI7188
Electrical Specifications
AVDD = +5V, AVSS = -5V, DVDD = +5V, VRHI = +2.5V, VRLO = AGND, VCM = AGND, PGIA Gain = 1,
OSCIN = 3.6864MHz, Bipolar Input Range Selected (Continued)
-40oC TO 85oC
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
SCLK Minimum Cycle Time, tSCLK
(Notes 2, 7)
200
-
-
ns
SCLK Minimum Pulse Width, tSCLKPW
(Notes 2, 7)
60
-
-
ns
CS to SCLK Precharge Time, tPRE
(Notes 2, 7)
50
-
-
ns
Data Setup to SCLK Rising Edge (Write), (Notes 2, 7)
tDSU
50
-
-
ns
Data Hold from SCLK Rising Edge
(Write), tDHLD
(Notes 2, 7)
0
-
-
ns
Data Read Access from Instruction Byte
Write, tACC
(Notes 2, 7)
-
-
40
ns
Read Bit Valid from SCLK Falling Edge,
tDV
(Notes 2, 7)
-
-
40
ns
Last Data Transfer to Data Ready
Inactive, t DRDY
(Notes 2, 7)
-
50
-
ns
RESET Low Pulse Width tRESET
(Notes 2, 7)
100
-
-
ns
RSTI/O Low Pulse Width t RSTI/O
(Notes 2, 7)
100
-
-
ns
MUX High Pulse Width tMUX
(Notes 2, 7)
14
-
-
µs
CADDR Valid to MUX High
(Notes 2, 7)
-
-
75
ns
Oscillator Clock Frequency
(Notes 2, 7)
-
3.6864
-
MHz
Output Rise/Fall Time
(Notes 2, 7)
-
-
30
ns
Input Rise/Fall Time
(Notes 2, 7)
-
-
1
µs
IAVDD
AVDD = +5V, OSC1 = 3.6864MHz (Note 3)
-
1.8
3.0
mA
IAVSS
AVSS = -5V, OSC1 = 3.6864MHz (Note 3)
-
1.8
3.0
mA
IDVDD
DVDD = +5V, SCLK = 4MHz
-
2.0
4.0
mA
Power Dissipation, Active PDA
AVDD = +5V, AVSS = -5V, SLP = ‘0’
(Notes 3, 9)
-
28
50
mW
Power Dissipation, Sleep PDS
AVDD = +5V, AVSS = -5V, SLP = ‘1’
(Notes 3, 9)
-
5
-
mW
PSRR (∆ Vsupply = 0.25V)
PSRR = 20log (∆Vsupply / ∆VOS) (Note 3)
-
75
-
dB
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
NOTES:
2. Parameter guaranteed by design or characterization, not production tested.
3. DC PSRR is measured on all supplies individually and applies to both Bipolar and Unipolar Input Ranges.
4. These errors can be removed by re-calibrating at the desired operating temperature.
5. Applies after system calibration.
6. Fully differential input signal source is used.
7. See Load Test Circuit, Figure 1, R1 = 10kΩ, CL = 50pF (Includes Stray and Jig Capacitance).
8. For Line Noise Rejection, 3.6864MHz is required to develop internal clocks to reject 50/60Hz.
9. SLP is the sleep mode enable bit defined in bit 3 of the Control Register (CR <3>).
7
HI7188
Test Circuits
V1
R1
DUT
CL (INCLUDES STRAY
CAPACITANCE)
FIGURE 1. LOAD TEST CIRCUIT
R2
R1
R1
DUT
V ±
DUT
CESD
V
HUMAN BODY
CESD = 100pF
R1 = 10MΩ
R2 = 1.5kΩ
±
R2
DIELECTRIC
MACHINE MODEL
CHARGED DEVICE MODEL
CESD = 200pF
R1 = 10MΩ
R2 = 0Ω
R1 = 1GΩ
R2 = 1Ω
FIGURE 2. HUMAN BODY AND MACHINE MODEL ESD TEST
CIRCUIT
FIGURE 3. CHARGE DEVICE MODEL ESD TEST CIRCUIT
Waveforms
tPRE
CS
tEN
SCLK
tDSU
tSCLK
tSCLKPW
tSCLKPW
tDHLD
SDIO
1ST BIT
2ND BIT
FIGURE 4. DATA WRITE TO HI7188
8
HI7188
Waveforms
(Continued)
CS
SCLK
SDIO
1ST BIT
2ND BIT
SDO
tACC
tDV
FIGURE 5. DATA READ FROM HI7188
tEOS
EOS
CS
SCLK
SDIO
1
5
6
7
8
FIGURE 6. DATA READ FROM HI7188
Definitions
Integral Non-Linearity (INL) - This is the maximum
deviation of any digital code from a straight line passing
through the endpoints of the transfer function. The endpoints
of the transfer function are zero scale (a point 0.5 LSB below
the first code transition 000...000 and 000...001) and full scale
(a point 0.5 LSB above the last code transition 111...110 to
111...111).
Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) - This is the deviation
from the actual difference between midpoints and the ideal
difference between midpoints (1 LSB) for adjacent codes. If
this difference is equal to or more negative than 1 LSB, a
code will be missed.
Offset Error (VOS) - The offset error is the deviation of the first
code transition from the ideal input voltage (VIN - 0.5 LSB).
Full Scale Error (FSE) - The full scale error is the deviation
of the last code transition from the ideal input full-scale
voltage (VIN- + VREF/Gain - 1.5 LSB).
9
Input Span - The input span defines the minimum and
maximum input voltages the device can handle while still
calibrating properly for gain.
End of Scan (EOS) - The end of scan is a signal used to
indicate all active logical channels have been converted and
data is available to be read.
Line Noise Rejection - Line noise rejection is the ability to
attenuate (reject) signals at the frequency of power lines
typically 50Hz or 60Hz.
Physical/Logical Channel - A physical channel pertains to
channels which are directly connected to the device package
pins identified in the pinout. Logical channels are predefined
in the Channel Configuration Registers (CCR) with a physical
channels reference (address) being made by the user. Refer
to the Channel Configuration Registers section for examples.
HI7188
Functional Description
The HI7188 contains a differential 8 channel multiplexer,
Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA), 4th
order sigma-delta ADC, integrating filter, line noise rejection
filters, Calibration and data RAMs, bidirectional serial port,
clock oscillator, and a microsequencer. The 8 to 1
multiplexer at the input combined with the resetable
modulator on the HI7188 allow for conversions of up to 8
differential channels with each channel being updated at a
rate of 240 samples per second (with 60Hz line noise
rejection enabled). The device can be programmed for
conversion of any combination of physical channels. After
the signal has passed through the multiplexer, it moves into
the PGIA. The PGIA can be configured in gains of 1, 2, 4
and 8 specific for each of the 8 logical channels. The signal
then enters the sigma delta modulator. The patented oneshot sigma delta modulator is a fourth order modulator which
converts the differential analog signal into a series of one bit
outputs. The 1’s density of this data stream provides a digital
representation of the analog input. The output of the
modulator is fed into the integrating low pass digital filter.
Data out of the filter is available after 201 bits are received
from the modulator.
If the device is in line noise rejection mode, the integrating
filter data is routed to the Line Noise Rejection filters. This
data is then calibrated using the offset and gain calibration
coefficients. Data coding is performed and the result is
stored in the data RAM. If line noise rejection is disabled, the
averaging filter is bypassed, calibration is performed on the
data from the integrating filter, the data is coded, and the
result is stored in the data RAM.
This data flow of modulation, filter and calibrate is repeated
for each of the active logical channels (up to 8). After all
active logical channels are converted the HI7188 generates
an active low interrupt, End Of Scan (EOS), that indicates all
logical channels have been updated and valid data is
available to be read from the data RAM.
Converted data is read via the HI7188 serial I/O port which
is compatible with most synchronous transfer formats
including both the Motorola SPI and Intel 8051 series SSR
protocols. All RAMs, including the Data RAM, are accessed
in a “burst” mode. That is, the data for all active logical
channels is accessed in a single read communication cycle.
Using the HI7188
This section describes how to use the device for a typical
application. This includes power supply considerations, initial
reset, calibration and conversion. Please refer to Figure 7.
The analog and digital supplies and grounds are separate
on the HI7188 to minimize digital noise coupling into the
analog circuitry. Nominal supply voltages are AVDD = +5V,
DVDD = +5V, and AVSS = -5V. If the same supply is used
for AVDD and DVDD it is imperative that the supply is
10
separately decoupled to the AVDD and DVDD pins on the
HI7188. Separate analog and digital ground planes should
be maintained on the system board and the grounds should
be tied together back at the power supply.
When the HI7188 is powered up it needs to be reset by pulling
the RST line low. This resets the internal registers as shown in
Table 1. This initial configuration defines the part for one
active logical channel (physical channel 1, address 000),
conversion mode, unipolar operation, gain of one, no line
noise rejection, offset binary coding, MSB first I/O bit order,
descending I/O byte order, and single line interface. After the
RST line returns high, the device immediately begins
converting as described above without any further instruction.
There is no correction for offset or gain errors on the
converted data at this time. To ensure maximum performance,
calibration should be done as defined in the operation mode
section.
TABLE 1. REGISTER RESET VALUES
REGISTER
VALUE (HEX)
Data Output Registers
XXXX (undefined)
Channel Configuration Register #2
00XXXXXX
Channel Configuration Register #1
XXXXXXXX
Control Register
0000
Offset Calibration Registers
000000
Positive Full Scale Calibration Registers
800000
Negative Full Scale Calibration Registers
800000
The reset configuration should be updated to reflect the
users system including chip level and channel level
programming.
1. Chip level refers to programming common to all channels
such as 50/60 Hertz Line Noise Rejection, number of
active channels, etc. and is detailed in the Control
Register (CR) section.
2. Channel level programming is custom for each channel
such as gain, physical input and mode as detailed in the
Channel Configuration Registers (CCR) section.
A calibration routine should be performed next to remove
system offset and full scale errors (see Calibration section).
The CCR is used to place each channel of the device in
several operational modes including Conversion, System
Offset Calibration, System Positive Full Scale Calibration
and System Negative Full Scale Calibration. Each channel
inputs should be connected and settled to the correct input
condition before the CCR is programmed for each calibration
point. After a complete system calibration is performed, the
desired analog input is applied and accurate data can be
read via the serial interface. The device should be recalibrated
when there is a change in the user configuration (i.e. gain,
unipolar/bipolar), supply voltage or ambient temperature.
HI7188
PHYSICAL
CHANNELS
(RESET) INITIAL SYSTEM START
PROGRAM THE SYSTEM LEVEL
INFORMATION IN THE
CONTROL REGISTER (CR)
APPLY A ZERO SCALE INPUT
TO EACH OF THE CHANNELS
REFERENCE INPUTS
VCM
VIN1H
VIN2H
VIN3H
VIN4H
VIN5H
VIN6H
VIN7H
VIN8H
PGIA
PROGRAM THE CHANNEL LEVEL
INFORMATION IN THE
CHANNEL CONFIGURATION
REGISTERS (CCR)
AND PLACE EACH CHANNEL
IN OFFSET CALIBRATION MODE
YES
CA OUTPUT
INTERRUPT ACTIVE?
NO
VRHI VRLO
4TH
ORDER
∑−∆
DIGITAL
SECTION
MODULATOR
VIN1L
VIN2L
VIN3L
VIN4L
VIN5L
VIN6L
VIN7L
VIN8L
CONVERSION
CONTROL
APPLY A POSITIVE FULL SCALE INPUT
TO EACH CHANNEL
FIGURE 8. ANALOG BLOCK DIAGRAM
REPROGRAM THE CCR
TO PLACE EACH CHANNEL IN
POSITIVE FULL SCALE
CALIBRATION MODE
YES
CA OUTPUT
INTERRUPT ACTIVE?
NO
APPLY A NEGATIVE FULL SCALE
INPUT TO EACH CHANNEL
REPROGRAM THE CCR
TO PLACE EACH CHANNEL IN
NEGATIVE FULL SCALE
CALIBRATION MODE
YES
CA OUTPUT
INTERRUPT ACTIVE?
NO
CONNECT DESIRED ANALOG INPUT,
READ DATA RAM VIA
SERIAL INTERFACE
NO
EOS OUTPUT
INTERRUPT ACTIVE?
YES
NO
RECALIBRATION REQUIRED?
YES
FIGURE 7. SYSTEM USAGE FLOWCHART
11
The configuration can be saved by writing the contents of the
CR, CCR and calibration RAMs to microprocessor system
memory (see Serial Interface section). After this has
occurred, the configuration can easily be restored back to
the HI7188 in the event of power failure or reset.
Analog Section Description
The analog portion of the HI7188 consists of a 8 to 1 fully
differential Multiplexer, Programmable Gain Instrumentation
amplifier (PGIA) and a 4th order Sigma-Delta modulator.
Please refer to the simplified analog block diagram in Figure 8.
Analog Inputs
The analog inputs on the HI7188 are fully differential inputs
with programmable gain capabilities. The inputs accept both
unipolar and bipolar input signals and gains of 1, 2, 4 or 8.
The gain for any given physical channel is independent of
the gain of other physical channels. The gain is programmed
via the Channel Configuration Register (CCR).
The input impedance of the HI7188 is dependent upon the
modulator input sampling capacitors which varies with the
selected PGIA gain. Table 2 shows the sampling capacitors
and input impedances for the different gain settings of the
HI7188. Note that this table is valid only for a 3.6864MHz
master clock. If the input clock frequency is changed then
the input impedance will change accordingly. The equation
used to calculate the input impedance is
ZIN = 1/(CS x FS)
HI7188
Where CS is the internal sampling capacitance and FS is the
modulator sampling rate set by the master clock divided by
six (FS = 3.6864MHz/6 = 614.4kHz).
TABLE 2. EFFECTIVE INPUT IMPEDANCE vs GAIN
GAIN
SAMPLING
RATE
(kHz)
SAMPLING
CAPACITOR
(pF)
INPUT
IMPEDANCE
(kΩ)
1
614.4
4
407
2
614.4
8
203
4
614.4
16
102
8
614.4
32
51
Bipolar/Unipolar Input Ranges
The inputs can accept either unipolar or bipolar input
voltages with each physical channel’s mode being
independent of other physical channels. Bipolar or unipolar
options are chosen by programming the bipolar/unipolar
(B/U) bits of the Channel Configuration Registers (CCR).
Programming the logical channels for either unipolar or
bipolar operation does not change any of the input signal
conditioning. The inputs are differential, and as a result are
referenced to the voltage on the VINL input. For example, if
VINHX is +3.75V and logical channel X is configured for
unipolar operation with a gain of 1 and a VREF of +2.5V, the
input voltage range on the VINLX input is +1.25V to +3.75V. If
VINLX is +1.25V and logical channel X is configured for
bipolar mode with gain of 1 and a VREF of +2.5V, the analog
input range on the VINHX input is -1.25V to +3.75V.
Multiplexer
The input multiplexer is a fully differential 8 channel device
controlled by the internal microsequencer. Any number of
inputs, up to 8, can be scanned and both the number of
physical channels scanned and the scanning order are
controlled by the users programming of the Channel
Configuration Register (CCR). The output of the multiplexer
feeds the input to the Programmable Gain Instrumentation
Amplifier (PGIA).
The main critical issue is the external multiplexer output
must switch and settle to 0.00153% (16 bits) of the final
value during the MXC reset pulse and prior to Data
Integration or data errors will occur. The input must be stable
only during the data integration period but can be changed
during the calibration period.
DATA
CHAN
DATA
CONVERSION CALIBRATION SWITCH CONVERSION
tMXC
MXC
CADDR
VALID LOGICAL ADDRESS
A2, 1, 0
VALID LOGICAL ADDRESS
FIGURE 9. CHANNEL SWITCHING TIMING
Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier
The Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA)
allows the user to interface low level sensors and bridges
directly to the HI7188. The PGIA has 4 selectable gain
options of 1, 2, 4, and 8. The gain of each physical channel
is independent of other physical channels and is
programmable by writing the G1 and G0 bits in the Channel
Configuration Registers (CCR).
Differential Reference Input
The reference inputs, VRHI and VRLO , provide a differential
reference input capability. VRHI must always be greater than
VRLO for proper operation of the device. The common mode
range for these differential inputs is from AVSS to AVDD and
the nominal differential voltage (VREF = VRHI - VRLO) is
+2.5V. Larger values of VREF can be used with minor
degradation in performance. Smaller values of VREF can
also be used but performance will be degraded since the
system noise is larger relative to the LSB size. The full scale
range of the HI7188 is defined as:
FSRBIPOLAR = 2 x VREF /GAIN
FSRUNIPOLAR = VREF/GAIN
External Multiplexers
For interfacing the HI7188 to external multiplexers several
output pins are available. These pins include MXC, A2, A1
and A0. Refer to Figure 9. The MXC pulse is active high
during the modulator and integrating filter reset pulse. The
pulse width is typically 14.6µs with LNR disabled and 54.6µs
with LNR enabled. This signal can be used to “break before
make” an external multiplexer. Referring to Figure 9, the data
conversion time involves the actual input channel A/D
conversion while the calibration time involves data
calibration and coding of the conversion results. The address
pins A2, A1 and A0 describe the logical address which is
currently being converted. The user can utilize these output
pins to drive external multiplexer address pins.
12
The reference inputs provide a high impedance dynamic
load similar to the analog inputs. For proper circuit operation
these pins must be driven by low impedance circuitry.
Reference noise outside of the band of interest will be
removed by the digital filter but excessive reference noise
inside the band of interest will degrade performance.
VCM Input
The VCM input is the internal reference voltage for the
HI7188 analog circuitry and should always be tied to the
midpoint of the AVDD and AVSS supplies. This point
provides a common mode input voltage for the internal
operational amplifiers and must be driven from a low noise,
low impedance source if it is not tied to analog ground.
Failure to do so will result in degraded HI7188 performance.
HI7188
It is recommended that VCM be tied to analog ground when
operating off of AVDD = +5V and AVSS = -5V supplies. VCM
also determines the headroom at the upper and lower ends
of the power supplies which is limited by the common mode
input range where the internal operational amplifiers remain
in the linear, high gain region of operation.
Sigma Delta Modulator
The sigma delta modulator is a fourth order modulator which
converts the differential analog signal into a series of one bit
outputs. The 1’s density of this data stream provides a digital
representation of the analog input. Figure 10 shows a
simplified block diagram of the analog modulator front end of
a Sigma-Delta A/D Converter. The input signal VIN comes
into a summing junction (the PGIA in this case) where the
previous modulator output is subtracted from it. The resulting
signal is then integrated and the output of the integrator goes
into the comparator. The output of the comparator is then fed
back via a one bit DAC to the summing junction. The
feedback loop forces the average of the fed back signal to be
equal to the input signal VIN.
PGIA
VIN
+
-
INTEGRATOR
∫
COMPARATOR
+
-
DAC
VRHI
VRLO
FIGURE 10. SIMPLE MODULATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM
Digital Section Description
A block diagram of the digital section of the HI7188 is shown
in Figure 11. This section includes an integrating filter,
averaging filters, calibration logic registers, output data RAM,
digital serial interface and a clock generator.
13
Integrating Filters
The integrating filter receives a stream of 1s and 0s from the
modulator at a rate of 614kHz. The 1’s density of this data
stream provides a digital representation of the analog input
signal. The integrating filter provides the low pass function
with a cutoff of 2kHz. The Integrating Filter works in concert
with the modulator and is controlled by the same clock and
reset signals. The filter integrates 201 1-bit samples from the
modulator for a valid “conversion” to be completed. At that
time the data is transferred to the Line Noise Rejection
(LNR) Filters or straight to calibration if LNR is not selected.
Line Noise Rejection
The line noise rejection section is used to eliminate a periodic
sine wave signal of either 50Hz or 60Hz line frequencies.
To understand the functionality of the HI7188 line noise
rejection (LNR), it is useful to discuss the method utilized by
a generic integrating analog to digital converter (ADC). This
ADC uses an external summing/integrating capacitor to sum
the line noise on a capacitor over one line noise cycle. The
cycle period is 16.67ms and 20ms for 60Hz and 50Hz
respectively. The ADC output is then the desired input with
the line noise summed to zero with a conversion rate equal
to the line noise frequency.
The HI7188 has the ability to do the same function as the
Integrating ADC but samples the input four times during the
line cycle (see Figure 12). For this discussion, the desired
analog input signal will be zero. The HI7188 accomplishes this
by instituting a four quadrant, four point running average
system. The microsequencer samples all eight inputs at
exactly the same point in time and for the exact amount of
time for each of the four quadrants of a single line cycle and
stores them separately. These four samples are then
summed, on a per channels basis, which results in the same
answer of the line synchronous noise as with the Integrating
ADC.
HI7188
LOGICAL
CHANNELS
LINE NOISE FILTER
CH1
CH1
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH4
CH4
CH5
CH5
CH5
CH6
CH6
CH6
CH7
CH7
CH7
CH8
CH8
CALIBRATION
REGISTERS
AND CONTROL
CH3
CH3
24
CH4
CH4
CH5
CH6
23
RAM1
CH2
CH2
1
INTEGRATING
FILTER
RAM0
CH1
CH1
FROM
ANALOG
SECTION
16
BYPASS
LNR
CH7
CH8
CH8
24
16
LOGICAL
CHANNEL
ADDRESS
LOGICAL SEQUENCER
CONVERSION CONTROL
SERIAL
INTERFACE
CONTROL
REGISTER
CCR REGISTERS
EOS CA
RST MODE
CS
CLOCK
GENERATOR
SCLK SDO SDIO RSTIO
OSC1 OSC2
FIGURE 11. DIGITAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
A one channel example:
1. Channel 1 is sampled four times as labeled S1, S2, S3,
and S4 in Figure 12. One sample for each 90 degrees
quadrant of line cycle (quarter main cycle).
2. Each sample is equally spaced (From zero, S1 = 5 degrees,
S2 = 95 degrees, S3 = 185 degrees and S4 = 275 degrees).
3. Each sample is of the same duration of time.
4
5
6 7 8
1 2
3 4
5
6
7
S1
S2
LINE NOISE
14
1
S3
8
S4
7
2
3
6
4
5. Samples S2 and S4 (180 degrees later) will have the
equal magnitudes but opposite signs.
7. These four samples are placed, real time, in the 4x8 array
of registers used for LNR. The next quadrant sampled (S5)
replaces S1 in the running average. The new sample
replaced S1 at the same point on the line cycle, 5 degrees
but 360 degrees later. The line noise summation is still
zero. Now for every quarter main cycle thereafter, the LNR
will be updated and line noise free output will be available.
8
TIME
4. Samples S1 and S3 (180 degrees later) will have the
equal magnitudes of line noise but have opposite signs.
6. The HI7188 sums the samples S1, S3, S2 and S4 which
results in averaging the line noise signal to zero.
S5
5
6 7
8
3
1 2
4
5
FIGURE 12. LINE NOISE CYCLE INCLUDING PATENTED TIME
SPACED INPUT SAMPLING
Calibration
Calibration is the process of adjusting the conversion data
based on known system offset and gain errors. For a
complete system calibration to occur, the on-chip
microcontroller must perform a three point calibration which
involves recording conversion results for three different input
conditions - “zero-scale,” “positive full-scale,” and “negative
full-scale”. With these readings, the HI7188 can null any
system offset errors and calculate the positive and negative
gain slope factors for the transfer function of the system. It is
HI7188
imperative that the zero-scale calibration be performed
before either of the gain calibrations. The order of the gain
calibrations is not important. Non-calibrated data can be
obtained from the device by writing 000000 (h) to the Offset
Calibration Register, 800000 (h) to the Positive Full Scale
Calibration Register, and 800000 (h) to the Negative Full
Scale Calibration Register. This sets the offset of the part to
0 and both the positive and negative gain slope factors to 1.
A calibration routine should be initiated whenever there is a
change in the ambient operating temperature or supply
voltage. It should also be initiated if there is a change in the
gain, bipolar, or unipolar input range.
The user may choose to ignore data during calibration or
check whether any ACTIVE channel is in calibration. Bit 12,
the SE bit, of the Control Register offers capability to
suppress the EOS interrupt during calibration. If the SE bit is
high the EOS interrupt will be suppressed if any active
logical channel is in the calibration mode. If the SE bit is high
and no active logical channels are in the calibration mode
the EOS interrupt will function normally. If low, the suppress
EOS function is disabled. To check whether any logical
channel is in calibration the user can monitor the Calibration
Active (CA) output pin. The CA output pin is high when at
least one of the active logical channels are in calibration. If a
non active logical channel is in calibration the CA will not be
high. The user can monitor the CA pin to determine when all
active logical channels are calibrated.
NOTE: When the user accesses the calibration RAMs, via the Serial
Interface, the conversion process stops, resetting the modulator,
integrating filter and clearing the EOS interrupt. When the calibration
RAM I/O operation is completed the device automatically restarts
beginning on logical channel 1. The contents of the CR and CCR are
not affected by this I/O.
Calibration Time
The calibration time varies depending several factors
including LNR (50Hz/60Hz) being enabled or disabled, and 2
point calibration. Table 3 contains a summary of the
conversion time depending on these factors. Since line noise
rejection is a major factor this discussion is divided
accordingly.
TABLE 3. CALIBRATION TIME
EACH
CAL
POINT
(ms)
LNR
LNR
FREQ
(Hz)
ACTIVE
CHANS
CAL
PNTS
TOTAL
CAL
(ms)
On
50
n/a
2
20
40
On
50
n/a
3
20
60
On
60
n/a
2
16.7
33.3
On
60
n/a
3
16.7
50.0
Off
n/a
N
2.5
2
N (0.4803)
2N (0.4803)
Off
n/a
N
3
N (0.4803)
3N (0.4803)
NOTE: N is the number of active channels. Total Cal column
assumes zero switching time between calibration points.
15
Line Noise Rejection On
When line noise rejection is enabled, it takes 4 conversion
scan periods to fill the averaging filters used for attenuating
the periodic line noise. A conversion scan involves
converting all 8 logical channels at a rate dependent on
whether LNR is set to 50Hz or 60Hz. The scan period is 5ms
(1/200Hz) and 4.167ms (1/240Hz) respectively. The number
of active channels is not applicable in this calculation since
the microsequencer converts on ALL logical channels to
maintain LNR timing regardless of the number of user
defined active channels.
Line Noise Rejection Off
Operation of the device is altered slightly when LNR is
disabled. Since the microsequencer is not synchronizing for
any line noise, the conversion rate increases to 260.3
conversions second/channel (10% increase). With LNR
disabled, a conversion scan involves converting only the
ACTIVE logical channels. When ACTIVELY converting on
less than 8 channels, this is the major speed advantage over
LNR enabled which sets conversion scan period based on
ALL eight logical channels. Refer to Table 3.
System Offset Calibration
The system offset calibration mode is a process that allows
the user to lump offset errors of external circuitry and the
internal errors of the HI7188 together and null them out. This
mode will convert the external differential signal applied to
the VIN inputs and then store that value in the offset
calibration RAM for that physical channel. To invoke the
system offset calibration the user applies the “zero scale”
voltage to the physical channel requiring calibration, then
writes the related CCR byte indicating offset calibration is
required. The next time this logical channel is converted, the
microsequencer performs calibration and updates the
related offset RAM. Next the internal microsequencer places
that logical channel back into the conversion mode and
updates the CCR byte.
System Positive Full Scale Calibration
The system positive full scale calibration mode is a process
that allows the user to lump positive gain errors of external
circuitry and the internal gain errors of the HI7188 together to
calculate the positive transfer function of the system. This
mode will convert the external differential signal applied to the
VIN inputs and then store that value in the system positive full
Scale calibration RAM for that physical channel. To invoke the
system positive full scale calibration the user applies the
“positive full scale” voltage to the physical channel requiring
calibration, then writes the related CCR byte indicating
positive full scale calibration is required. The next time this
logical channel is converted, the microsequencer performs
calibration and updates the related system positive full scale
calibration RAM. Next the internal microsequencer places that
logical channel back into the conversion mode and updates
the CCR byte.
HI7188
System Negative Full Scale Calibration
The system negative full scale calibration mode is a process
that allows the user to lump negative gain errors of external
circuitry and the internal gain errors of the HI7188 together to
calculate the negative transfer function of the system. This
mode will convert the external differential signal applied to the
VIN inputs and then store that value in the system negative full
scale calibration RAM for that physical channel. To invoke the
system negative full scale calibration the user applies the
“negative full scale voltage”, which must be equal to Vref, to the
physical channel requiring calibration, then writes the related
CCR byte indicating negative full scale calibration is required
(see note below). The next time this logical channel is
converted, the microsequencer performs calibration and
updates the related system negative full scale calibration RAM.
Next the internal microsequencer places that logical channel
back into the conversion mode and updates the CCR byte.
TEMPORARY NOTE: In bipolar mode, the user MUST perform
negative full scale calibration with the exact differential voltage
applied to the Vref pins, otherwise large errors will occur at the zero
crossing point. During normal conversions, the error occurs when the
input is at the offset calibration point. At this point, plus or minus 1/2
LSB, the output code will be either the true half scale reading of
7FFF/8000 (offset binary coding) or negative full scale 0000.
Offset and Gain Adjust Limits
Whenever a calibration mode is used, there are limits to the
amount of offset and gain which can be adjusted. For both
bipolar and unipolar modes the minimum and maximum
input spans are 0.2 x VREF/GAIN and 1.2 x VREF/GAIN
respectively. In the unipolar mode the offset plus the span
cannot exceed the 1.2 x VREF/GAIN limit. So, if the span is
at its minimum value of 0.2 x VREF/GAIN, the offset must be
less than 1 x VREF/GAIN. In bipolar mode the span is
equidistant around the voltage used for the zero scale point.
For this mode the offset plus half the span cannot exceed
1.2 x VREF/GAIN. If the span is at ±0.2 x VREF/GAIN, then
the offset can not be greater than ±2 x VREF/GAIN.
negative gain coefficient, an under range condition is
detected.
Data Coding
The calibrated data can be obtained in one of various numerical
codes depending on the bipolar/unipolar mode bit and the two’s
complement coding bit. In bipolar mode, if the two’s
complement bit is high, the output is two’s complement. In
bipolar mode, offset binary coding is used when the two’s
complement coding bit is low. In unipolar mode, only binary
coding is available and the two’s complement coding bit is a
don’t care.
The output coding for the HI7188 is shown in Tables 4 and 5.
VZS represents the applied zero scale input during system
offset calibration. VPFS represents the applied positive full
scale input during system positive full scale calibration.
VNFS represents the applied negative full scale input during
system negative full scale calibration.
TABLE 4. BIPOLAR MODE OUTPUT CODES (HEX)
TWO’S
COMPLEMENT
CODE
OFFSET
BINARY CODE
7FFF
FFFF
VPFS - 1.5 LSB
7FFF/7FFE
FFFF/FFFE
VZS - 0.5 LSB
0000/FFFF
8000/7FFF
VNFS + 0.5 LSB
8001/8000
0001/0000
8000
0000
INPUT VOLTAGE
>(VPFS - 1.5 LSB)
<(VNFS + 0.5 LSB)
TABLE 5. UNIPOLAR MODE DATA OUTPUT CODES (HEX)
INPUT VOLTAGE
>(VPFS - 1.5 LSB)
BINARY CODE
FFFF
VPFS - 1.5 LSB
FFFF/FFFE
VPFS/2 - 0.5 LSB
8000/7FFF
Range Detection
VZS + .5 LSB
0001/0000
In addition to the calibration process, the converter detects over
range above positive full scale and under range below minus
full scale conditions. Over or under range detection affects the
output data coding as described in the Data Coding section.
<(VZS + 0.5 LSB)
Over range detection is identical for both bipolar and
unipolar operation. Over range is detected by comparing the
offset corrected filter output to the positive gain coefficient. If
the current offset corrected filter value is greater than the
positive gain coefficient, an over range condition is detected.
In unipolar mode, under range is detected by sampling the
sign bit of the offset calibrated data. If the sign bit is logic 1,
signifying a negative voltage, an under range condition exists.
In bipolar mode, under range is detected by comparing the
offset corrected filter output to the negative gain coefficient.
If the current offset corrected filter value is less than the
16
0000
When the range detection logic determines an over range,
the converter output will clamp at the >(VPFS - 1.5 LSB)
output as described in Tables 4 and 5. When the range
detection logic determines an under range, the converter
output will clamp at the <(VNFS + 0.5 LSB) output
described in Table 4 or the <(VZS + 0.5 LSB) output
described in Table 5.
Data RAM
The Data RAM block is comprised of two 8 x 16 memory
elements which store conversion results after calibration and
data coding. Two RAMs are required to allow a one channel
scan buffer per logical channel. The user can only READ from
the data RAM. For illustration, these elements are labeled
HI7188
RAM0 and RAM1. The RAMs are configured such that when
one is internally writable the other is readable via serial I/O.
The following paragraphs describe the data RAM operation.
Please refer to the Functional Block Diagram.
For example, from initialization, RAM0 is writable, RAM1 is
readable, EOS is inactive. Conversion completes on all
active logical channels (RAM0 stores conversion N data)
and the EOS interrupt is generated. Internally, the
microsequencer switches RAM0 to readable, RAM1 to
writable. The user can read the data RAM to obtain N
conversion results, clearing the EOS interrupt.
The next conversion N+1 completes on all active logical
channels (RAM1 stores N+1 data). If a data RAM (RAM0
containing N data) read has been completed before the N+1
conversion scan has completed, RAM1 will switch to being
readable and RAM0 is writable. This is normal operation and
no conversion results are lost.
If the data RAM (RAM0 containing N data) is not completely
read before the N+1 conversion is completed, there are two
possible results.
1. The data RAM read has not been started (RAM0 containing
N data), EOS remains active low and the microsequencer
will switch RAM1 to be readable and RAM0 to be writable.
This has the effect of overwriting conversion N with N+2.
2. The data RAM (RAM0 containing N data) read has been
started but is not complete, the read pointer remains with
RAM0 and the write pointer remains with RAM1. This has
the effect of overwriting conversion N+1 with N+2 before
N+1 can be read, therefore conversion N+1 is lost.
Clocking/Oscillators
The master clock of the HI7188 can be supplied by either a
crystal connected between the OSC1 and OSC2 pins as
shown in Figure 13A or a CMOS compatible clock signal
connected to the OSC1 pin as shown in Figure 13B and
floating the OSC2 pin. The master clock is used by the
internal clock generator to derive the clock edges required
for both analog and digital sections. The HI7188 is designed
or a 3.6864MHz clock to maintain Line Noise Rejection.
External CMOS Clock Operation
When driving the HI7188 with an external CMOS clock, the
clock should never be turned off. If the clock is turned off, the
device should be re-synchronized by resetting either
manually via the RESET pin or by the following special
software instructions. If the device is not re-synchronized
erroneous conversion results may be observed. The
hardware reset will clear all registers and RAMs as defined
in the data sheet. The software reset is achieved by either
performing an I/O access of any calibration RAM or cycling
the device through a sleep cycle.
Calibration RAM Access
To re-synchronize the conversion process the user may
perform an I/O access of any calibration RAM (read or write).
When the user performs this I/O access the microsequencer
stops the conversion process, resets the modulator, digital
filter and waits until the I/O is complete. After the I/O is
completed the microsequencer automatically restarts the
conversion process.
Sleep Cycle
Another method to re-synchronize the conversion process is
to cycle the device through a sleep cycle. The user places
the device in SLEEP mode by writing the SLP bit (CR<3>) of
the Control Register to logic one. The microsequencer will
stop the conversion process, reset the conversion pointer to
logical channel one, clear the four line noise rejection filters
and deactivate EOS. The serial interface, calibration/data
RAMs, CR and CCR are not affected.
To return from sleep mode the user changes the SLP bit
from high to low. This restarts the conversion process
beginning with logical channel 1. If line noise rejection (LNR)
is enabled, it takes four complete scans (all eight channels)
to refill the four line noise rejection filters before an EOS
interrupt. If LNR is not enabled, it takes one conversion scan
of only the active channels before an EOS interrupt.
Recalibration is not required since the calibration RAMs are
not effected by the sleep operation.
X-3.6864MHz
Crystal Operation
5
Using a crystal to generate the clock, care must be taken to
minimize any external stray capacitance/inductance seen by
the OSC1 and OSC2 pins. If care is not taken, the feedback
(crystal) loop noise will result in a non reliable master clock,
which in turn, will produce erroneous conversion results. The
crystal should be connected as close to the HI7188 device
as physically possible. If you cannot meet these
requirements, we would recommend you use an External
CMOS Clock instead of the crystal.
6
OSC2
OSC1
HI7188
FIGURE 13A. CRYSTAL OPERATION
X-3.6864MHz
NOT
CONNECTED
5
6
OSC1
OSC2
HI7188
FIGURE 13B. EXTERNAL CMOS CLOCK OPERATION
17
HI7188
Serial Interface
Burst RAM Access
The HI7188 has a flexible, synchronous serial
communication port to allow easy interfacing to most
industry standard microcontrollers and microprocessors.
The serial I/O is compatible with most synchronous transfer
formats, including both the Motorola 6805/11, SPI and Intel
8051 SSR protocols. The interface supports 2-wire transfers
of reading and writing on a single bidirectional line (SDIO) or
3-wire transfers of writing on SDIO and reading on the SDO
line.
The Data RAM, System Offset calibration RAM, System
Positive Full Scale Calibration RAM and System Negative Full
Scale Calibration RAM can only be accessed in a continuous
RAM “Burst”. RAM burst transfers are special instructions that
perform a continuous data transfer for all bits of that RAM.
That is, individual bytes of any RAM cannot be accessed
without reading all of the bytes. See Table 7. Each transfer
occurs such that the first word transferred corresponds to the
first logical channel converted as specified in the Channel
Configuration Register (CCR). The first byte transferred for
each word is controlled by the RB bit of the instruction byte
and the bit position is determined by the Control Register
(CR) MSB/LSB bit. The number of words transferred is
specified by the CR bits that describe the number of logical
channels being converted as well as the size of the
destination RAM. This transfer mode reduces the overhead of
multiple IR writes as compared to individual byte access. The
following two examples are useful in understanding the RAM
burst transfer instructions.
The Interface allows read/write access to the Control
Register, Channel Configuration Registers, and Calibration
RAMs. The interface allows read only access to the data
RAM (refer to Table 7). The interface is byte organized with
each register byte having a specific address. Single or
multiple byte transfers are supported. In addition, the
interface allows flexibility as to the byte and bit access order.
That is, the user can specify MSB/LSB first bit positioning
and can access bytes in ascending/descending order from
any byte position.
Serial Interface Clock
The HI7188 supports two serial interface clock (SCLK)
modes for all interface timing. This allows the greatest
flexibility for different types of systems where the HI7188 can
act either as master in the system (it provides the serial
interface clock) or as slave (an external clock is provided to
the HI7188). These two modes are defined as self clocking
and external clocking respectively. Regardless of the
clocking mode selected, all data is registered into
the HI7188 on the rising edge of the SCLK while all data is
driven out on the falling edge of SCLK. The HI7188 interface
is designed to work with clock stalling in either high or low
state. The clock mode is determined by the logic level applied
to the MODE pin.
Synchronous Self Clocking
The device in a self-clocking scheme if the MODE pin is
high. This defines the SCLK pin as an output which provides
the serial clock signal used for the transfer of all data to and
from the HI7188. This self-clocking mode can be used with
processors which allow an external device to clock their
serial port. The frequency of SCLK is one eighth of the
external crystal connected between the OSC1 and OSC2
pins. The HI7188 is designed for a 3.6864MHz crystal which
sets SCLK to 460.8kHz.
Synchronous External Clocking
The HI7188 is in a external clocking scheme if the MODE pin is
low. This defines the SCLK pin as an input and an external
clock must be provided to the SCLK pin. This external clocking
mode is designed for direct interface to systems which provide
a serial clock output which is synchronized to the serial data
output. The maximum frequency of the external SCLK is 5MHz.
18
Example 1. The physical channel conversion order as
specified by the CCRs is 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7. The HI7188 is
setup via the Control Register to convert 8 logical channels.
The IR byte written is 0xx11100 (read the data RAM). The
following occurs: After completing the IR write, 16 bytes of
data will be transferred from the HI7188. The first byte
transferred will be the most significant byte of the physical
channel 8 conversion results. The second byte will be the
least significant byte of the physical channel 8 conversion
results. This pattern of most significant byte followed by least
significant byte will repeat, in order for physical channels 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7.
Example 2. The physical channel conversion order as
specified by the CCRs is 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7. The HI7188 is
setup via the Control Register to convert only 3 logical
channels. The IR byte written is 1xx01101 (write the offset
RAM). The following occurs: After completing the IR write, 9
bytes of data will be written to the offset RAM (recall that the
Offset Calibration register is 3 bytes wide). The first byte is
the least significant byte used for offset calibration of
physical channel 8. The second byte will be the middle byte
used for offset calibration of physical channel 8. The third
byte will be the most significant byte used for offset
calibration of physical channel 8. This pattern of least
significant byte to most significant byte will repeat for all
logical channels converted in the logical channel order as
described above. For example, the last byte transferred will
be the most significant byte of physical channel 3 used for
offset calibration.
NOTE: When the user accesses the calibration RAMs, via the
Serial Interface, the conversion process stops, resetting the
modulator, integrating filter and clearing the EOS interrupt. When the
calibration RAM I/O operation is completed the device automatically
restarts beginning on logical channel 1. The contents of the CR and
CCR are not affected by this I/O.
HI7188
Detailed Register Descriptions
TABLE 7. INTERNAL REGISTER ADDRESS (Continued)
Instruction Register
The instruction register is an 8 bit register which is used
during a communications cycle for setting up read/write
operations. Below are the bit assignments.
NB1,
R/W
NB0
IR [7] IR [6:5]
A3, A2,
A1, A0
IR [3:0]
DESCRIPTION
0/1
00
0110
CCR #1, start byte 2, 1 byte transfer
0/1
00
0111
CCR #1, start byte 3, 1 byte transfer
0/1
01
0100
CCR #1, start byte 0, 2 byte transfer
0/1
01
0101
CCR #1, start byte 1, 2 byte transfer
0/1
01
0110
CCR #1, start byte 2, 2 byte transfer
0/1
01
0111
CCR #1, start byte 3, 2 byte transfer
R/W - Bit 7 of the Instruction Byte determines whether phase
2 of the communication cycle will be a read or write
operation. If R/W is logic 1, a write transfer will occur in
phase 2 of the communication cycle. If R/W is logic 0, a read
transfer will occur in phase 2 of the communication cycle.
0/1
10
0100
CCR #1, start byte 0, 3 byte transfer
0/1
10
0101
CCR #1, start byte 1, 3 byte transfer
0/1
10
0110
CCR #1, start byte 2, 3 byte transfer
0/1
10
0111
CCR #1, start byte 3, 3 byte transfer
0/1
11
0100
CCR #1, start byte 0, 4 byte transfer
NB1, NB0 - Bits 6 and 5 of the Instruction Byte determine the
number of bytes that will be transferred during phase 2 of a
communication cycle, if a register is selected for I/O access. If a
RAM is selected for IO access, these bits are don’t care. Any
number of bytes from 1 to 4 is allowed. See Tables 6 and 7.
0/1
11
0101
CCR #1, start byte 1, 4 byte transfer
0/1
11
0110
CCR #1, start byte 2, 4 byte transfer
0/1
11
0111
CCR #1, start byte 3, 4 byte transfer
0/1
00
1000
CCR #2, start byte 0, 1 byte transfer
0/1
00
1001
CCR #2, start byte 1, 1 byte transfer
INSTRUCTION REGISTER (BYTE)
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
R/W
NB1
NB0
RB
A3
A2
A1
A0
TABLE 6. MULTIPLE BYTE ACCESS BITS
0/1
00
1010
CCR #2, start byte 2, 1 byte transfer
NB1, NB0 IR [6:5]
DESCRIPTION
0/1
00
1011
CCR #2, start byte 3, 1 byte transfer
00
Transfer 1 Byte
0/1
01
1000
CCR #2, start byte 0, 2 byte transfer
01
Transfer 2 Bytes
0/1
01
1001
CCR #2, start byte 1, 2 byte transfer
10
Transfer 3 Bytes
0/1
01
1010
CCR #2, start byte 2, 2 byte transfer
0/1
01
1011
CCR #2, start byte 3, 2 byte transfer
0/1
10
1000
CCR #2, start byte 0, 3 byte transfer
RB - Bit 4 is used to determine the byte order when accessing
a RAM address. When accessing a RAM address, if RB = 1,
the data format is most significant byte first to least significant
byte. When accessing a RAM address, if RB = 0, the data
format is least significant byte first to most significant byte.
When accessing a register address, this bit is a don’t care.
0/1
10
1001
CCR #2, start byte 1, 3 byte transfer
0/1
10
1010
CCR #2, start byte 2, 3 byte transfer
0/1
10
1011
CCR #2, start byte 3, 3 byte transfer
0/1
11
1000
CCR #2, start byte 0, 4 byte transfer
0/1
11
1001
CCR #2, start byte 1, 4 byte transfer
0/1
11
1010
CCR #2, start byte 2, 4 byte transfer
A3, A2, A1, A0 - Bits 3 and 2 (A3 and A2) of the Instruction
Byte determine which of the three internal registers will be
accessed or if both bits are set (11b), that a RAM access is
active. For register addresses, bits 1 and 0 (A1 and A0)
determine which byte of that register will be accessed first.
For RAM access (A3 = 1, A2 = 1), bits 1 and 0 (A1 and A0)
determine which RAM is the source or destination.
0/1
11
1011
CCR #2, start byte 3, 4 byte transfer
0
xx
1100
Data RAM burst transfer, least
significant byte first, READ ONLY
0
xx
1100
Data RAM burst transfer, most
significant byte first, READ ONLY
0/1
xx
1101
Offset RAM burst transfer, least
significant byte first.
TABLE 7. INTERNAL REGISTER ADDRESS
0/1
xx
1101
Offset RAM burst transfer, most
significant byte first.
0/1
xx
1110
Positive full scale RAM burst transfer,
least significant byte first.
0/1
xx
1110
Positive full scale RAM burst transfer,
most significant byte first.
0/1
xx
1111
Negative full scale RAM burst transfer,
least significant byte first.
0/1
xx
1111
Negative full scale RAM burst transfer,
most significant byte first.
11
NB1,
R/W
NB0
IR [7] IR [6:5]
Transfer 4 Bytes
A3, A2,
A1, A0
IR [3:0]
DESCRIPTION
0/1
00
0000
CR, start byte 0, 1 byte transfer
0/1
01
0000
CR, start byte 0, 2 byte transfer
0/1
00
0001
CR, start byte 1, 1 byte transfer
0/1
01
0001
CR, start byte 1, 2 byte transfer
0/1
00
0100
CCR #1, start byte 0, 1 byte transfer
0/1
00
0101
CCR #1, start byte 1, 1 byte transfer
19
HI7188
Control Register
TABLE 8. NUMBER OF CONVERSION CHANNELS
The Control Register (CR) is 16 bits wide and contains
information that determines operating mode and the
system/chip level configuration. This configuration applies to
all logical channels and cannot be modified at the channel
level. Following are the bit assignments:
N2, N1, N0 CR [7:5]
NUMBER OF CHANNELS TO CONVERT
000
1
001
2
010
3
CONTROL REGISTER BYTE 1
011
4
100
5
101
6
110
7
111
8
MSB
14
13
12
11
10
9
LSB
T3
T2
T1
CHOP
SE
LNR
FS
TC
CONTROL REGISTER BYTE 0
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
N2
N1
N0
TP
SLP
BD
MSB
SDL
T3, T2, T1 - Bits 15, 14 and 13 are reserved and MUST
always be logic zero for normal operation. These bits are low
after RESET is applied.
CHOP. Bit 12 is the active low chop bit used to determine
whether the chopper stabilized amplifier is used or
bypassed. This bit is low (chop on) after RESET is applied.
SE. Bit 11 is the active high suppress EOS bit. If high, the
EOS interrupt will not go active when any logical channel is
in calibration mode. If this bit is high and no logical channels
are in the calibration mode, or this bit is low, EOS
functionality is as previously described. This bit allows the
user to suppress false EOS interrupts during calibration.
Only logical channels that are actively being converted are
considered. That is, if only two logical channels are being
converted but the CCR byte for a non active logical channel
is in a calibration mode, the EOS functionality is active. This
bit is low (suppress EOS off) after RESET is applied.
LNR. Bit 10 is the active high line noise rejection (LNR) bit. If
high LNR is selected. This bit is low (LNR off) after RESET is
applied.
FS. Bit 9 is the 50Hz/60Hz frequency select bit. If bit 9 is
high, the clock generation logic synchronizes conversions for
proper rejection of 50Hz line noise. If bit 9 is low, the clock
generation logic synchronizes conversions for proper
rejection of 60Hz line noise. This bit is low (60Hz LNR) after
RESET is applied.
TC. Bit 8 is the active high two’s complement bit used to
select between 2’s complementary and offset binary data
coding for bipolar mode. In bipolar mode, a high selects
two’s complement; when low data is offset binary. Note that
in unipolar mode the binary data coding is not affected by
the TC bit. This bit is low (offset binary data) after RESET is
applied.
N2, N1, N0. Bits 7, 6 and 5 are the bits that specify the number
of active logical channels to be converted. See Table 8. These
bits are low (one active channel) after RESET is applied.
20
TP - Bit 4 is the active high two point calibration bit. When
high, the positive gain slope factor is used for both positive
and negative voltages. This bit is low (normal three point cal)
after RESET is applied.
SLP - Bit 3 is the active high sleep mode bit used to put the
device in a low power/standby mode. When high, conversion
stops and the conversion pointer is reset to logical channel
1. The four line noise rejection filters are cleared and EOS is
deactivated. The serial interface, calibration/data RAMs, CR
and CCR are not affected.
To return from sleep mode the user changes this bit from
high to low. This restarts the conversion process beginning
with logical channel 1. If line noise rejection is enabled, it
takes four complete scans (all active channels) to refill the
four line noise rejection filters before an EOS interrupt. If line
noise rejection not enabled, it takes 1 complete scan before
an EOS interrupt.
This bit is low (sleep mode off) after RESET is applied.
BD. Bit 2 is the byte direction bit used to determine either
ascending or descending order access for multi-byte
transfers. When high, ascending order is enabled. When low,
descending order is enabled. This bit is low (descending
order) after RESET is applied.
MSB. Bit 1 bit direction bit used to select whether a serial
data transfer is MSB or LSB first. When low, MSB first mode
is enabled while high selects LSB first. This bit is low (MSB
first) after RESET is applied.
SDL. Bit 0 selects a two-wire or three-wire transfer protocol of
the serial interface. When low, two-wire data transfers are done
using the SDIO pin. Both data in and out of the part is uses the
by-directional SDIO pin. When high, three-wire data transfers
are done using the SDIO and SDO pins. Data into the part uses
the SDIO pin while data out uses the SDO pin. This bit is low
(two-wire, SDIO exclusively) after RESET is applied.
Channel Configuration Registers
The HI7188 Channel Configuration Registers (CCR) comprise
a 64-bit memory element that defines the logical channel
conversion order as well as each logical channel specific data
such as physical channel address, mode, gain, and
HI7188
bipolar/unipolar operation. The 64 bits are divided into two 32
bit register blocks referred to as CCR#2 and CCR#1. Each
register contains four bytes pertaining to four logical channels.
The register may be accessed 1, 2, 3 or 4 bytes at a time.
Please refer to Table 10 to determine physical address
assignments within the CCR and Table 9 for logical channel
assignment. The physical channel conversion order is defined
based on it’s location in the CCR blocks. For example, if the
CCR #2 <31:24> is set with the CCR <2:0> = 100, then
physical channel 5 will be converted first. The CCR is byte wide
accessible via the Serial Interface allowing the user to change
the individual logical channel configuration on the fly. Following
are the bit assignments.
TABLE 9. CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTER
TABLE 11. HI7188 OPERATIONAL MODES
MD1
MD0
0
0
Conversion
OPERATIONAL MODE
0
1
System Offset Calibration
1
0
System Positive Full Scale Calibration
1
1
System Negative Full Scale Calibration
G1, G0 - Bit 1 and 0 defines the PGIA gain of 1, 2, 4 or 8.
Please refer to Table 12.
TABLE 12. CHANNEL GAIN
G1, G0 CCR [1:0]
PGIA CHANNEL GAIN
00
1
01
2
10
4
11
8
BLOCK
BIT
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
CCR #2
<31:24>
1st Logical Channel
CCR #2
<23:16>
2nd Logical Channel
Serial Interface Pin Description
CCR #2
<15:8>
3rd Logical Channel
CCR #2
<7:0>
4th Logical Channel
CCR #1
<31:24>
5th Logical Channel
CCR #1
<23:16>
6th Logical Channel
The serial I/O port is a bidirectional port which is used to
read and write the internal registers. The port contains two
data lines, a synchronous clock, and two status flags.
Figure 14 shows a diagram of the serial interface lines.
CCR #1
<15:8>
7th Logical Channel
DATA OUT
SDO
CCR #1
<7:0>
8th Logical Channel
BIDIRECTIONAL
DATA
SDIO
CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTER (BYTE)
PORT CLOCK
SCLK
CS
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
CHIP SELECT
CH2
CH1
CH0
B/U
MD1
MD0
G1
G0
END OF SCAN
CH2, CH1, CH0 - Bits 7, 6, 5 of the channel configuration byte
determine which physical inputs are used as shown in Table 10.
CALIBRATION
ACTIVE
CA
CLOCK MODE
MODE
RESET I/O
HI7188
EOS
RSTI/O
TABLE 10. ACTIVE CHANNEL DECODE
CH2, CH1, CH0 CCR [2:0]
PHYSICAL INPUT PINS
000
VINH1, VINL1
001
VINH2, VINL2
010
VINH3, VINL3
011
VINH4, VINL4
100
VINH5, VINL5
101
VINH6, VINL6
110
VINH7, VINL7
111
VINH8, VINL8
B/U - Bit 4 of the channel configuration byte determine
bipolar or unipolar mode. If Logic 1, bipolar mode is selected
while logic 0 selects unipolar mode.
MD1, MD0 - Bit 3 and 2 of the channel configuration byte are
the channel Mode bits. This defines the mode of operation
for that logical channel, please see Table 11. All calibration
modes automatically return to conversion mode after
calibration is complete.
21
FIGURE 14. HI7188 SERIAL INTERFACE
SDO - Serial Data Out. Data is read from this line using those
protocols with separate lines for transmitting and receiving
data. An example of such a standard is the Motorola Serial
Peripheral Interface (SPI) using the 68HC05 and 68HC11
family of microcontrollers, or other similar processors. In the
case of using bidirectional data transfer on SDIO, the SDO
does not output data and is set in a high impedance state.
SDIO. Serial Data In or Out. Data is always written to the
device on this line. However, this line can be used as a
bidirectional data line. This is done by properly setting up the
Control Register. Bidirectional data transfer on this line can
be used with Intel standard serial interfaces (SSR, Mode 0)
in MCS51 and MCS96 family of microcontrollers, or other
similar processors.
SCLK. Serial Clock. The serial clock pin is used to
synchronize data to and from the HI7188 and to run the port
state machines. In Synchronous External Clock Mode, SCLK
is configured as an input, is supplied by the user, and can run
up to a 5MHz rate. In Synchronous Self Clocking Mode, SCLK
is configured as an output and runs at OSC1/8 = 460.8kHz.
HI7188
CS. Chip Select. This signal is an active low input that allows
more than one device on the same serial communication
lines. The SDO and SDIO will go to a high impedance state
when this signal is high. If driven high during any
communication cycle, that cycle will be suspended until CS
reactivation. Chip select can be tied low in systems that
maintain control of SCLK.
EOS. End Of Scan. Signals the end of a logical channel
scan (all programmed logical channels have been
converted) and data is available for reading. EOS is useful
as an edge or level sensitive interrupt signal to a
microprocessor or microcontroller. EOS low indicates that
new data is available and the Data RAM can be read. EOS
will return high upon completion of a complete Data RAM
read cycle. Please refer to the Data RAM section for details.
CA. Calibration Active. This pin is high if any active logical
channel is in the calibration mode and stays high for the
entire scan period. CA checks only those channels that are
actively being converted on. For example, if the HI7188 is
programmed to convert only two channels and any of the
CCR bytes of the six nonactive channels are in the
calibration mode, CA will NOT go active. The user can
monitor the CA output to determine when all active channels
have completed calibration.
MODE. Mode. This input is used to select between
Synchronous Self Clocking Mode (high) or the Synchronous
External Clocking Mode (low).
RSTI/O. Reset I/O. This active low asynchronous input is
used to reset the serial interface state machine. This reset
only affects the I/O logic and does not affect the Control
Register, Channel Configuration Register or Calibration
RAMs. This effectively aborts any communication cycle
and places the device in a standby mode awaiting the next IR
cycle.
Serial Interface Communication
It is useful to think of the HI7188 interface in terms of
communication cycles. Each communication cycle happens in
2 phases. The first phase is the writing of an instruction byte
while the second phase is the data transfer as described by the
instruction byte. It is important to note that phase 2 of the
communication cycle can be a single byte or a multi-byte
transfer of data including a Burst RAM read/write. It is up to the
user to maintain synchronism with respect to data transfers. If
the system processor “gets lost”, during an I/O operation, the
only way to recover is to reset the Serial Interface via a RSTI/O.
Figure 15 shows both a 2-wire and a 3-wire data transfer.
Instruction Byte Phase
The instruction byte phase initiates a data transfer
sequence. The processor writes an eight bit byte to the
“Instruction Register”, known as the “Instruction Byte”. The
instruction byte informs the HI7188 about the Data cycle
phase activities and includes the following information:
Data Cycle Phase
In the data cycle phase, data transfer takes place as defined
by the Instruction Register Byte. See Write Operation and
Read Operation sections for detailed descriptions. It is
important to note that phase 2 of the communication cycle
can be a multi-byte transfer of data.
For example, the 4 byte Channel Configuration register can be
read using one multi-byte communication cycle rather than four
single byte communication cycles. After phase 2 is completed
the HI7188 I/O logic enters a standby mode while waiting to
receive a new instruction byte. It is up to the user to maintain
synchronism with respect to data transfers. If the system
processor “gets lost” the only way to recover is to reset the
HI7188.
Serial Interface Format
Several formats are available for reading from and writing to
the HI7188 registers in both the 2-wire and 3-wire protocols.
Please refer to Figure 15. A portion of these formats is
controlled by the CR<2:1> (BD and MSB) bits which control
the byte direction and bit order of a data transfer
respectively. These two bits can be written in any
combination but only the two most useful will be discussed
here. The first combination is to reset both the BD and MSB
bits (BD = 0, MSB = 0). This sets up the interface for
descending byte order and MSB first format. When this
combination is used the user should always write the
instruction register such that the starting byte is the most
significant byte address. For example, read three bytes of
data starting with the most significant byte. The first byte
read will be the most significant in MSB to LSB format. The
next byte will be the next least significant (recall descending
byte order) again in MSB to LSB order. The last byte will be
the next lesser significant byte in MSB to LSB order. THE
ENTIRE WORD WAS READ MSB TO LSB format. The
second combination is to set both the BD and MSB bits to 1.
This sets up the interface for ascending byte order and LSB
first format. When this combination is used the user should
always write the instruction register such that the starting
byte is the least significant byte address. For example, read
three bytes of data starting with the least significant byte.
The first byte read will be the least significant in LSB to MSB
format. The next byte will be the next greater significant
(recall ascending byte order) again in LSB to MSB order.
The last byte will be the next greater significant byte in LSB
to MSB order. THE ENTIRE WORD WAS READ LSB TO
MSB format. After completion of each communication cycle,
The HI7188 interface enters a standby mode while waiting to
receive a new instruction byte.
CS
INSTRUCTION
BYTE
SDIO
INSTRUCTION
CYCLE
• Read or Write Cycle
• Number of Bytes to be Transferred
• Which Register and Starting Byte to be Accessed
DATA
BYTE 1
DATA
BYTE 2
DATA
BYTE 3
SDO
DATA CYCLE
FIGURE 15. 3-WIRE, 3 BYTE READ TRANSFER
22
HI7188
Die Characteristics
DIE DIMENSIONS:
PASSIVATION:
215 mils x 257 mils
(5466µm x 6536µm)
Type: Sandwich
Nitride Thickness: 8kÅ
USG Thickness: 1kÅ
METALLIZATION:
WORST CASE CURRENT DENSITY:
Type: AlSiCu
Thickness:Metal 2 16kÅ
Metal 1 6kÅ
<2.0 x 105 A/cm2
PROCESS:
SUBSTRATE POTENTIAL:
HBCIO
AVSS
Metallization Mask Layout
HI7188
23
HI7188
Metric Plastic Quad Flatpack Packages (MQFP)
Q44.10x10 (JEDEC MS-022AB ISSUE B)
D
44 LEAD METRIC PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK PACKAGE
D1
-D-
INCHES
-A-
-B-
E E1
e
PIN 1
SEATING
A PLANE
-H-
0.076
0.003
-C-
12o-16o
0.40
0.016 MIN
0.20
M C A-B S
0.008
0o MIN
A2 A1
0o-7o
L
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
-
0.096
-
2.45
-
A1
0.004
0.010
0.10
0.25
-
A2
0.077
0.083
1.95
2.10
-
b
0.012
0.018
0.30
0.45
6
b1
0.012
0.016
0.30
0.40
-
D
0.515
0.524
13.08
13.32
3
D1
0.389
0.399
9.88
10.12
4, 5
E
0.516
0.523
13.10
13.30
3
E1
0.390
0.398
9.90
10.10
4, 5
L
0.029
0.040
0.73
1.03
N
44
44
e
0.032 BSC
0.80 BSC
7
Rev. 2 4/99
NOTES:
1. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch
dimensions are not necessarily exact.
2. All dimensions and tolerances per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimensions D and E to be determined at seating plane -C- .
b
4. Dimensions D1 and E1 to be determined at datum plane
-H- .
b1
BASE METAL
WITH PLATING
SYMBOL
D S
0.13/0.17
0.005/0.007
12o-16o
MILLIMETERS
5. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion.
Allowable protrusion is 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side.
6. Dimension b does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable
dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm (0.003 inch) total.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
0.13/0.23
0.005/0.009
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
Intersil semiconductor products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
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Intersil Corporation
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TEL: (321) 724-7000
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24
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