DATASHEET

ISL6292C
®
Data Sheet
July 22, 2005
FN9133.2
Li-ion/Li Polymer Battery Charger
Features
The ISL6292C is an integrated single-cell Li-ion or
Li-polymer battery charger capable of operating with an input
voltage as low as 2.4V. This charger is designed to work with
various types of ac adapters.
• Complete Charger for Single-Cell Li-ion Batteries
The ISL6292C operates as a linear charger when the ac
adapter is a voltage source. The battery is charged in a
CC/CV (constant current/constant voltage) profile. The
charge current is programmable with an external resistor up
to 1.5A. The ISL6292C can also work with a current-limited
adapter to minimize the thermal dissipation, in which case
the ISL6292C combines the benefits of both a linear charger
and a pulse charger.
• No External Blocking Diode Required
The ISL6292C features charge current thermal foldback to
guarantee safe operation when the printed circuit board is
space limited for thermal dissipation. Additional features
include preconditioning of an over-discharged battery,
automatic recharge, and thermally enhanced DFN package.
• Ambient Temperature Range: -20°C to 70°C
Ordering Information
TEMP.
PART # (NOTE) RANGE (°C)
ISL6292CCR3Z
-20 to 70
PACKAGE
PKG.
DWG. #
10 Ld 3x3 DFN (Pb-free) L10.3x3
Typical Application Circuit
C1
• Programmable Current Limit up to 1.5A
• Charge Current Thermal Foldback
• Accepts Multiple Types of Adapters
• Guaranteed to Operate at 2.65V After Start Up
• Thermally-Enhanced DFN Packages
• Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• PDAs, Cell Phones and Smart Phones
• Portable Instruments, MP3 Players
• Stand-Alone Chargers
• USB Bus-Powered Chargers
Related Literature
• Technical Brief TB363 “Guidelines for Handling and
Processing Moisture Sensitive Surface Mount Devices
(SMDs)”
• Technical Brief TB379 “Thermal Characterization of
Packaged Semiconductor Devices”
• Technical Brief TB389 “PCB Land Pattern Design and
Surface Mount Guidelines for QFN Packages”
VBAT
ISL6292C
FAULT
• 1% Voltage Accuracy
• Self-Charging Battery Packs
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free
material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and
compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow
temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of
IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
VIN
• Integrated Pass Element and Current Sensor
• Handheld Devices including Medical Handhelds
ISL6292CCR3Z-T 10 Ld 3x3 DFN Tape and Reel (Pb-free)
5V
Input
• Very Low Thermal Dissipation
C2
Pinout
ISL6292C (3x3 DFN)
TOP VIEW
VSEN
STATUS
Floating
to Enable
V2P8
EN
TIME
IREF
C3
GND
CTIME
RIREF
1
VIN
1
10 VBAT
FAULT
2
9
VSEN
STATUS
3
8
IREF
TIME
4
7
V2P8
GND
5
6
EN
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2004-2005. All Rights Reserved.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6292C
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage (VIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to 7V
Output Pin Voltage (BAT, VSEN, V2P8). . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to 5.5V
Signal Input Voltage (TIME, IREF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to 3.2V
Output Pin Voltage (STATUS, FAULT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to 7V
Charge Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6A
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (Per MIL-STD-883 Method 3015.7) . . .2500V
Machine Model (Per EIAJ ED-4701 Method C-111) . . . . . . . .200V
Thermal Resistance (Notes 1, 2) . . . . . . . θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W)
3x3 DFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
4
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . 150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to 150°C
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
Recommended Operating Conditions
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-20°C to 70°C
Supply Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3V to 6.5V
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES:
1. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
Tech Brief TB379.
2. θJC, “case temperature” location is at the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. See Tech Brief TB379.
Electrical Specifications
Typical values are tested at VIN = 5V and 25°C Ambient Temperature, maximum and minimum values are
guaranteed over 0°C to 70°C Ambient Temperature with a supply voltage in the range of 4.3V to 6.5V, unless
otherwise noted.
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Rising VIN Threshold
3.0
3.4
3.95
V
Falling VIN Threshold
2.25
2.4
2.65
V
VIN floating or EN = LOW
-
-
3.0
µA
POWER-ON RESET
STANDBY CURRENT
VBAT Pin Sink Current
ISTANDBY
VIN Pin Supply Current
IVIN
VBAT floating and EN pulled low
-
30
-
µA
VIN Pin Supply Current
IVIN
VBAT floating and EN floating
-
1
-
mA
4.20
4.256
4.30
V
-
175
-
mV
VOLTAGE REGULATION
Output Voltage
VCH
Dropout Voltage
VBAT = 3.7V, 0.5A
CHARGE CURRENT
Constant Charge Current (Note 3)
ICHARGE
RIREF = 80kΩ, VBAT = 3.7V
0.9
1.0
1.1
A
Trickle Charge Current
ITRICKLE
RIREF = 80kΩ, VBAT = 2.0V
-
110
-
mA
85
110
135
mA
VRECHRG
3.90
4.053
4.155
V
VMIN
2.73
2.84
3.04
V
Charge Current Foldback Threshold (Note 4)
TFOLD
85
100
115
°C
Current Foldback Gain (Note 4)
GFOLD
-
100
-
mA/°C
End-of-Charge Threshold
IMIN
RIREF = 80kΩ
RECHARGE THRESHOLD
Recharge Voltage Threshold
TRICKLE CHARGE THRESHOLD
Trickle Charge Threshold Voltage
TEMPERATURE MONITORING
2
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Electrical Specifications
Typical values are tested at VIN = 5V and 25°C Ambient Temperature, maximum and minimum values are
guaranteed over 0°C to 70°C Ambient Temperature with a supply voltage in the range of 4.3V to 6.5V, unless
otherwise noted. (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.4
3.0
3.6
ms
5
-
-
mA
OSCILLATOR
Oscillation Period
TOSC
CTIME = 15nF
LOGIC OUTPUTS
STATUS/FAULT Sink Current
Pin Voltage = 0.8V
NOTES:
3. The actual charge current may be affected by the thermal foldback function if the thermal dissipation capability is not enough or by the on
resistance of the power MOSFET if the charger input voltage is too close to the output voltage.
4. Guaranteed by design, not a tested parameter.
Pin Descriptions
EN (Pin 6)
VIN (Pin 1)
EN is the enable logic input. Connect the EN pin to LOW to
disable the charger or leave it floating to enable the charger.
VIN is the input power source. Connect to a wall adapter.
V2P8 (Pin 7)
FAULT (Pin 2)
FAULT is an open-drain output indicating fault status. This
pin is pulled to LOW under any fault conditions. Any time a
FAULT condition happens, it will reset the counter of the
charger.
This is a 2.8V reference voltage output. This pin outputs a
2.8V voltage source when the input voltage is above POR
threshold, otherwise it outputs zero. The V2P8 pin can be
used as an indication for adapter presence.
IREF (Pin 8)
STATUS (Pin 3)
STATUS is an open-drain output indicating charging and
inhibit states. The STATUS pin is pulled LOW when the
charger is charging a battery. It will be forced to high
impedance when the charge current drops to IMIN. This high
impedance mode will be latched until a recharge cycle or a
new charge cycle starts.
TIME (Pin 4)
The TIME pin determines the oscillation period by
connecting a timing capacitor between this pin and GND.
The oscillator also provides a time reference for the charger.
GND (Pin 5)
GND is the connection to system ground.
3
This is the programming input for the constant charging
current. It maintains at 0.8V when the charger is in normal
operation.
VSEN (Pin 9)
VSEN is the remote voltage sense pin. Connect this pin as
close as possible to the battery pack positive connection. If
the VSEN pin is floating, its voltage drops to zero volt and
the charger operates in the Trickle mode.
VBAT (Pin 10)
VBAT is the connection to the battery. Typically a 10µF
Tantalum capacitor is needed for stability when there is no
battery attached. When a battery is attached, only a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor is required.
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Typical Applications
5V WALL
ADAPTER
VIN
C1
10µF
R1
1kΩ
R2
1kΩ
D1
D2
VBAT
C2
10µF
BATTERY
PACK
ISL6292C
VSEN
FAULT
STATUS
V2P8
EN
IREF
TIME
C3
1µF
GND
RIREF
80kΩ
CTIME
15nF
Block Diagram
QMAIN
VIN
VMIN
100000:1
Current
Mirror
ISEN
Input_OK
VRECHRG
IT
REFERENCES
QSEN
VCH
TEMPERATURE
MONITORING
VPOR
C1
VBAT
+
CA
-
R IREF
+
-
CHRG
CURRENT
REFERENCES
IMIN = IR /10
VPOR
-
IR
VSEN
VIN
+
-
IREF
V2P8
+
100mV
+
VA VCH
+
Trickle/Fast
ISEN
-
Minbat
VMIN
+
-
MIN_I
+
Recharge
Input_OK
LOGIC
VRECHR G
VIN
ESDDiode
STATUS
STATUS
EN
VIN
OSC
TIME
COUNTER
FAULT
GND
FAULT
FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM
4
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Charging Flow Chart
Power Up
VIN>VPOR ?
N
Y
POR
Initialization
Reset counter
CC Charge
CV Charge
Trickle
Charge
VSEN>=VCH?
VSEN>VMIN?
Ich < IMIN ?
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
1/8 TIMEOUT?
Trickle
Charge
TIMEOUT?
Constant
Current
Charge
Y
set FAULT low
latch up charger
Y
TIMEOUT?
Constant
Voltage
Charge
Y
charger inhibited
reset counter
EOC indication:
set STATUS high
keepNFAULT high
N
TIMEOUT?
N
VSEN
<
VRECHRG?
Y
EN toggled ?
Y
N
Y
N
Start recharge
EOC or FAULT
Inhibit
FIGURE 2. CHARGING FLOW CHART
5
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Theory of Operation
The ISL6292C is an integrated charger for single-cell Li-ion
or Li-polymer batteries. The ISL6292C functions as a
traditional linear charger when powered with a voltagesource adapter. When powered with a current-limited
adapter, the charger minimizes the thermal dissipation
commonly seen in traditional linear chargers.
As a linear charger, the ISL6292C charges a battery in the
popular constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV)
profile. The constant charge current IREF is programmable
up to 1.5A with an external resistor. The charge voltage VCH
has 1% accuracy over the entire recommended operating
condition range. The charger always preconditions the
battery with 10% of the programmed current at the beginning
of a charge cycle, until the battery voltage is verified to be
above the minimum fast charge voltage, VMIN. This lowcurrent preconditioning charge mode is named trickle mode.
The verification takes 15 cycles of an internal oscillator
whose period is programmable with the timing capacitor. A
thermal-foldback feature removes the thermal concern
typically seen in linear chargers. The charger reduces the
charge current automatically as the IC internal temperature
rises above 100°C to prevent further temperature rise. The
thermal-foldback feature guarantees safe operation when
the printed circuit board (PCB) is space limited for thermal
dissipation.
The charger offers a safety timer for setting the fast charge
time (TIMEOUT) limit to prevent charging a dead battery for
an extensively long time. The trickle mode is limited to 1/8 of
TIMEOUT.
The charger automatically re-charges the battery when the
battery voltage drops below a recharge threshold. When the
wall adapter is not present, the ISL6292C draws less than
1µA current from the battery.
Trickle
Mode
VIN
VCH
Constant Current
Mode
Constant Voltage
Mode
Three indication pins are available from the charger to
indicate the charge status. The V2P8 outputs a 2.8V dc
voltage when the input voltage is above the power-on reset
(POR) level and can be used as the power-present
indication. This pin is capable of sourcing a 2mA current, so
it can also be used to bias external circuits.
The STATUS pin is an open-drain logic output that turns
LOW at the beginning of a charge cycle until the end-ofcharge (EOC) condition is qualified. The EOC condition is:
the battery voltage rises above the recharge threshold and
the charge current falls below a user-programmable EOC
current threshold. Once the EOC condition is qualified, the
STATUS output rises to HIGH and is latched. The latch is
released at the beginning of a charge or re-charge cycle.
The open-drain FAULT pin turns low when a charge time
fault occurs or when the IREF pin is pulled below 0.35V or
above 1.4V.
Figure 3 shows the typical charge curves in a traditional
linear charger powered with a constant-voltage adapter.
From the top to bottom, the curves represent the constant
input voltage, the battery voltage, the charge current and the
power dissipation in the charger. The power dissipation PCH
is given by the following equation:
P CH = ( V IN – V BAT ) ⋅ I CHARGE
where ICHARGE is the charge current. The maximum power
dissipation occurs during the beginning of the CC mode. The
maximum power the IC is capable of dissipating is
dependent on the thermal impedance of the printed-circuit
board (PCB). Figure 3 shows, with dotted lines, two cases
that the charge currents are limited by the maximum power
dissipation capability due to the thermal foldback.
Trickle
Mode
Inhibit
Input Voltage
Battery Voltage
(EQ. 1)
VIN
VCH
VMIN
VMIN
IREF
IREF
ILIM
Constant Current
Mode
Constant Voltage
Mode
Inhibit
Input Voltage
Battery Voltage
Charge Current
Charge Current
IREF/10
IREF/10
P1
P2
P3
Power Dissipation
TIMEOUT
FIGURE 3. TYPICAL CHARGE CURVES USING A
CONSTANT-VOLTAGE ADAPTER
6
P1
P2
Power Dissipation
TIMEOUT
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL CHARGE CURVES USING A CURRENTLIMITED ADAPTER
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
When using a current-limited adapter, the thermal situation in
the ISL6292C is totally different. Figure 4 shows the typical
charge curves when a current-limited adapter is employed.
The operation requires the IREF to be programmed higher
than the limited current ILIM of the adapter, as shown in
Figure 4. The key difference of the charger operating under
such conditions occurs during the CC mode.
The Block Diagram, Figure 1, aids in understanding the
operation. The current loop consists of the current amplifier
CA and the sense MOSFET QSEN. The current reference IR
is programmed by the IREF pin. The current amplifier CA
regulates the gate of the sense MOSFET QSEN so that the
sensed current ISEN matches the reference current IR. The
main MOSFET QMAIN and the sense MOSFET QSEN form a
current mirror with a ratio of 100,000:1, that is, the output
charge current is 100,000 times IR. In the CC mode, the
current loop tries to increase the charge current by
enhancing the sense MOSFET QSEN, so that the sensed
current matches the reference current. On the other hand,
the adapter current is limited, the actual output current will
never meet what is required by the current reference. As a
result, the current error amplifier CA keeps enhancing the
QSEN as well as the main MOSFET QMAIN, until they are
fully turned on. Therefore, the main MOSFET becomes a
power switch instead of a linear regulation device. The
power dissipation in the CC mode becomes:
P CH = R DS ( ON ) ⋅ I CHARGE
2
(EQ. 2)
where RDS(ON) is the resistance when the main MOSFET is
fully turned on. This power is typically much less than the
peak power in the traditional linear mode.
The worst power dissipation when using a current-limited
adapter typically occurs at the beginning of the CV mode, as
shown in Figure 4. The equation 1 applies during the CV
mode. When using a very small PCB whose thermal
impedance is relatively large, it is possible that the internal
temperature can still reach the thermal foldback threshold. In
that case, the IC is thermally protected by lowering the
charge current, as shown by the dotted lines in the charge
current and power curves. Appropriate design of the adapter
can further reduce the peak power dissipation of the
ISL6292C. See the Application Information section of the
ISL6292 data sheet (www.intersil.com) for more information.
Figure 5 illustrates the typical signal waveforms for the linear
charger from the power-up to a recharge cycle. More
detailed Applications Information is given below.
Applications Information
LOW and a HIGH logic signal respectively. Figure 5
illustrates the start up of the charger between t0 to t2.
The ISL6292C has a typical rising POR threshold of 3.4V
and a falling POR threshold of 2.4V. The 2.4V falling
threshold guarantees charger operation with a currentlimited adapter to minimize the thermal dissipation.
Charge Cycle
A charge cycle consists of three charge modes: trickle mode,
constant current (CC) mode, and constant voltage (CV)
mode. The charge cycle always starts with the trickle mode
until the battery voltage stays above VMIN (2.84V typical) for
15 consecutive cycles of the internal oscillator. If the battery
voltage drops below VMIN during the 15 cycles, the 15-cycle
counter is reset and the charger stays in the trickle mode.
The charger moves to the CC mode after verifying the
battery voltage. As the battery-pack terminal voltage rises to
the final charge voltage VCH, the CV mode begins. The
terminal voltage is regulated at the constant VCH in the CV
mode and the charge current is expected to decline. After
the charge current drops below IMIN (1/10 of IREF, see Endof-Charge Current for more detail), the ISL6292C indicates
the end-of-charge (EOC) with the STATUS pin. The charging
actually does not terminate until the internal timer completes
its length of TIMEOUT in order to bring the battery to its full
capacity. Signals in a charge cycle are illustrated in Figure 5
between points t2 to t5.
The following events initiate a new charge cycle:
• POR,
• the battery voltage drops below a recharge threshold after
completing a charge cycle,
• or, the EN pin is toggled from GND to floating.
Further description of these events are given later in this
data sheet.
VIN
POR Threshold
V2P8
STATUS
15 Cycles to
1/8 TIMEOUT
FAULT
VRECHRG
VBAT
7
15 Cycles
2.8V VMIN
Power on Reset (POR)
The ISL6292C resets itself as the input voltage rises above
the POR rising threshold. The V2P8 pin outputs a 2.8V
voltage, the internal oscillator starts to oscillate, the internal
timer is reset, and the charger begins to charge the battery.
The two indication pins, STATUS and FAULT, indicate a
Charge Cycle
Charge Cycle
IMIN
ICHARGE
t0
t1 t2 t3
t4
t5
t6 t7
t8
FIGURE 5. OPERATION WAVEFORMS
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Recharge
TABLE 1. CHARGE CURRENT vs RIREF VALUES (Note)
After a charge cycle completes, charging is prohibited until
the battery voltage drops to a recharge threshold, VRECHRG
(see Electrical Specifications). Then a new charge cycle
starts at point t6 and ends at point t8, as shown in Figure 5.
The safety timer is reset at t6.
CHARGE CURRENT (mA)
RIREF (kΩ)
MIN
TYP
MAX
267
250
300
350
160
450
500
550
Internal Oscillator
100
720
800
880
The internal oscillator establishes a timing reference. The
oscillation period is programmable with an external timing
capacitor, CTIME, as shown in Typical Applications. The
oscillator charges the timing capacitor to 1.5V and then
discharges it to 0.5V in one period, both with 10µA current.
The period TOSC is:
88.9
810
900
990
80
900
1000
1100
6
T OSC = 0.2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ C TIME
( sec onds )
(EQ. 3)
A 1nF capacitor results in a 0.2ms oscillation period. The
accuracy of the period is mainly dependent on the accuracy
of the capacitance and the internal current source.
Total Charge Time
The total charge time for the CC mode and CV mode is
limited to a length of TIMEOUT. A 22-stage binary counter
increments each oscillation period of the internal oscillator to
set the TIMEOUT. The TIMEOUT can be calculated as:
TIMEOUT = 2
22
C TIME
⋅ T OSC = 14 ⋅ -----------------1nF
( minutes )
(EQ. 4)
A 1nF capacitor leads to 14 minutes of TIMEOUT. For
example, a 15nF capacitor sets the TIMEOUT to be 3.5
hours. The charger has to reach the end-of-charge condition
before the TIMEOUT, otherwise, a TIMEOUT fault is issued.
The TIMEOUT fault latches up the charger. There are two
ways to release such a latch-up: either to recycle the input
power, or toggle the EN pin to disable the charger and then
enable it again.
The trickle mode charge has a time limit of 1/8 TIMEOUT. If
the battery voltage does not reach VMIN within this limit, a
TIMEOUT fault is issued and the charger latches up. The
charger stays in trickle mode for at least 15 cycles of the
internal oscillator and, at most, 1/8 of TIMEOUT, as shown in
Figure 5.
NOTE: The limits are still preliminary. Additional samples will be
tested for the final results.
Table 1 shows the charge current vs. selected RIREF values.
The ISL6292C is designed to be safe when the IREF pin is
accidentally short-circuited to an external source or to
ground. If the IREF pin is driven by an external source to
below 0.38V or above 1.5V for any reason, the charger is
disabled and the FAULT pin turns to LOW to indicate a fault
condition. The charger will resume charging after the fault
condition is removed. When the IREF is driven by a voltage
between 0.38V to 0.5V (typical value), the charge current is
limited to 100mA; or when driven to a voltage between 1.2V
to 1.5V, the charge current is limited to 500mA. For any
voltage between 0.5V to 1.2V, the charge current will drop to
a very low value. This feature can protect the charger from a
large charging current when IREF is accidentally shorted to
ground or to a high voltage. Figure 6 shows the charge
current when the IREF pin voltage is driven from 0V to 3V.
End-of-Charge (EOC) Current
The EOC current IMIN sets the level at which the charger
starts to indicate the end of the charge with the STATUS pin,
as shown in Figure 5. The charger actually does not
terminate charging until the end of the TIMEOUT, as
described in the Total Charge Time section. In the
GND
STATUS
5V/Div
IREF Pin Voltage
500mV/Div
Charge Current Programming
The charge current in the CC mode is programmed by the
IREF pin. The voltage of IREF is regulated to a 0.8V
reference voltage. The charging current during the constant
current mode is 100,000 times that of the current in the
RIREF resistor. Hence, the charge current is,
Time Scale
40s/Div
Charge Current
200mA/Div
GND
GND
5
0.8V
I REF = ----------------- × 10 ( A )
R IREF
(EQ. 5)
FIGURE 6. CHARGE CURRENT WHEN IREF PIN IS DRIVEN
BY AN EXTERNAL VOLTAGE SOURCE
8
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Indications
IR
The ISL6292C has three indications: the input presence, the
charge status, and the fault indication. The input presence is
indicated by the V2P8 pin while the other two indications are
presented by the STATUS pin and FAULT pin respectively.
Figure 8 shows the V2P8 pin voltage vs. the input voltage.
Table 2 summarizes the other two pins.
IT
I SEN
100O C
TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 7. CURRENT SIGNALS AT THE AMPLIFIER CA INPUT.
3.4V
2.4V
ISL6292C, the EOC current is internally set to 1/10 of the CC
charge current, that is,
1
I MIN = ------ ⋅ I REF
10
2.8V
VIN
(EQ. 6)
At the EOC, the STATUS signal rises to HIGH and is latched.
The latch is not reset until a recharge cycle or a new charge
cycle starts.
V2P8
Charge Current Thermal Foldback
Over-heating is always a concern in a linear charger. The
maximum power dissipation usually occurs at the beginning
of a charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its minimum
but the charge current is at its maximum. The charge current
thermal foldback function in the ISL6292C frees users from
the over-heating concern.
Figure 7 shows the current signals at the summing node of
the current error amplifier CA in the Block Diagram. IR is the
reference. IT is the current from the Temperature Monitoring
block. The IT has no impact on the charge current until the
internal temperature reaches approximately 100°C; then IT
rises at a rate of 1µA/°C. When IT rises, the current control
loop forces the sensed current ISEN to reduce at the same
rate. As a mirrored current, the charge current is 100,000
times that of the sensed current and reduces at a rate of
100mA/°C. For a charger with the constant charge current
set at 1A, the charge current is reduced to zero when the
internal temperature rises to 110°C. The actual charge
current settles between 100°C to 110°C.
Usually the charge current should not drop below IMIN
because of the thermal foldback. For some extreme cases if
that does happen, the charger does not indicate end-ofcharge unless the battery voltage is already above the
recharge threshold.
2.8V Bias Voltage
The ISL6292C provides a 2.8V voltage for biasing the
internal control and logic circuit. This voltage is also
available for external circuits such as the NTC thermistor
circuit. The maximum allowed external load is 2mA.
9
FIGURE 8. THE V2P8 PIN OUTPUT vs THE INPUT VOLTAGE
AT THE VIN PIN. VERTICAL: 1V/DIV,
HORIZONTAL: 100ms/DIV
TABLE 2. STATUS INDICATIONS
FAULT STATUS
INDICATION
High
High
Charge completed with no fault (Inhibit) or
Standby
High
Low
Charging in one of the three modes
Low
High
Fault
NOTE: Both outputs are pulled up with external resistors.
Shutdown
The ISL6292C can be shutdown by pulling the EN pin to
ground. When shut down, the charger draws typically less
than 30µA current from the input power and the 2.8V output
at the V2P8 pin is also turned off. The EN pin needs be
driven with an open-drain or open-collector logic output, so
that the EN pin is floating when the charger is enabled. If the
EN pin is driven by an external source, the POR threshold
voltage will be affected.
Input and Output Capacitor Selection
Typically any type of capacitors can be used for the input
and the output. Use of a 0.47µF or higher value ceramic
capacitor for the input is recommended. When the battery is
attached to the charger, the output capacitor can be any
ceramic type with the value higher than 0.1µF. However, if
there is a chance the charger will be used as an LDO linear
regulator, a 10µF tantalum capacitor is recommended.
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Stability With Large Ceramic Output Capacitors
The ISL6292C partially relies on the ESR (equivalent series
resistance) of the output capacitor for the loop stability.
When the system has a large ceramic capacitor or a number
of ceramic capacitors in parallel, the ESR value can be too
low for a stable operation. A low-value resistor should be
inserted between the sensed feedback (VSEN pin) and the
external large-value ceramic capacitor to improve the
stability, as shown in Figure 9.
In applications that have a sense resistor between the VBAT
pin and the VSEN pin, such as the R1 shown in Figure 10,
two small resistors can be used to create an equivalent low
value resistor between the VSEN pin and the large capacitor,
to avoid another more expensive low-value sense resistor.
R2 and R3 in Figure 10 show how the two resistors are
connected. The equivalent low-value resistance is,
(EQ. 7)
The value of (R2 + R3) should be significantly larger than
that of the sense resistor R1 to minimize the accuracy of the
current sensing. The parallel value of R2 and R3 should be
significantly smaller than 72kΩ (internal resistive divider
value for setting the charger output voltage) to minimize the
impact on the output voltage. Figure 10 shows two 20Ω
resistor. The sum is 40Ω, much higher than the 150mΩ R1.
The parallel value is 10Ω, negligible compared to the 72kΩ
resistive divider. Such a selection is a good trade-off to result
in 75mΩ equivalent low-value resistance between the VSEN
pin and the large capacitor.
ISL6292C
C1
10µF
Ceramic
C1
10µF
Ceramic
VIN
R1 150mΩ
VBAT
R2 20Ω
R3 20Ω
VSEN
GND
To Battery
C2
Large
Ceramic
Capacitor
FIGURE 10. THE CIRCUIT TO GENERATE THE EQUIVALENT
LOW-VALUE RESISTOR
Working with Current-Limited Adapter
The ISL6292C can work with a current-limited adapter to
significantly reduce the thermal dissipation during charging.
Refer to the ISL6292 data sheet, which can be found at
http://www.intersil.com, for more details.
Board Layout Recommendations
R3
R eq = --------------------- ⋅ R 1
R2 + R3
To INPUT
ISL6292C
To INPUT
VIN
R1 75mΩ
VBAT
The ISL6292C internal thermal foldback function limits the
charge current when the internal temperature reaches
approximately 100°C. In order to maximize the current
capability, it is very important that the exposed pad under the
package is properly soldered to the board and is connected
to other layers through thermal vias. More thermal vias and
more copper attached to the exposed pad usually result in
better thermal performance. On the other hand, the number
of vias is limited by the size of the pad. The 3x3 DFN
package allows 8 vias be placed in two rows. Since the pins
on the 3x3 DFN package are on only two sides, as much top
layer copper as possible should be connected to the
exposed pad to minimize the thermal impedance. Refer to
the ISL6292 evaluation boards for layout examples.
To Battery
C2
Large
Ceramic
Capacitor
VSEN
GND
FIGURE 9. INSERTING R1 TO IMPROVE THE STABILITY OF
APPLICATIONS WITH LARGE CERAMIC
CAPACITOR IS USED AT THE OUTPUT
10
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005
ISL6292C
Dual Flat No-Lead Plastic Package (DFN)
2X
0.15 C A
D
A
L10.3x3
10 LEAD DUAL FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
MILLIMETERS
2X
0.15 C B
E
6
INDEX
AREA
SYMBOL
MIN
0.80
0.90
1.00
-
-
-
0.05
-
0.28
5,8
2.05
7,8
1.65
7,8
0.20 REF
0.18
D
1.95
E
SIDE VIEW
C
SEATING
PLANE
A3
1
e
1.60
-
0.50 BSC
-
k
0.25
-
-
L
0.30
0.35
0.40
N
10
Nd
5
3. Nd refers to the number of terminals on D.
4. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
NX L
7. Dimensions D2 and E2 are for the exposed pads which provide
improved electrical and thermal performance.
NX b
5
(Nd-1)Xe
REF.
3
5. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
E2/2
N-1
8
2
2. N is the number of terminals.
E2
e
-
1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5-1994.
NX k
8
1.55
NOTES:
D2/2
2
N
-
Rev. 3 6/04
D2
(DATUM B)
2.00
8
7
6
INDEX
AREA
(DATUM A)
0.08 C
-
3.00 BSC
E2
0.10 C
0.23
3.00 BSC
D2
A
NOTES
A
A3
B
MAX
A1
b
TOP VIEW
NOMINAL
0.10 M C A B
8. Nominal dimensions are provided to assist with PCB Land
Pattern Design efforts, see Intersil Technical Brief TB389.
BOTTOM VIEW
C
L
0.415
NX (b)
(A1)
0.200
5
L
NX L
e
SECTION "C-C"
C
NX b
C C
TERMINAL TIP
FOR ODD TERMINAL/SIDE
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from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
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11
FN9133.2
July 22, 2005