DATASHEET

Advanced Single Universal Pulse-Width Modulation
(PWM) Controller
ISL8130
Features
The ISL8130 is a versatile controller that integrates control,
output adjustment, monitoring and protection functions into a
single package for synchronous buck, standard boost, SEPIC
and flyback topologies.
• Universal controller for multiple DC/DC converters
• Wide input range
- 4.5V to 5.5V
- 5.5V to 28V
The ISL8130 provides simple, single feedback loop, voltage
mode control with fast transient response. The output voltage
of the converter can be precisely regulated to as low as 0.6V.
The switching frequency is adjustable from 100kHz to 1.4MHz.
• Programmable soft-start
• Supports pre-biased load applications
• Resistor-selectable switching frequency
- 100kHz to 1.4MHz
The error amplifier features a 15MHz gain-bandwidth product
and 6V/µs slew rate that enables fast transient response. The
PWM duty cycle ranges from 0% to 100% in transient
conditions. The capacitor from the ENSS pin to ground sets
soft-start slew rate.
• External reference tracking mode
• Fast transient response
- High-bandwidth error amplifier
• Extensive circuit protection functions
- Overvoltage, overcurrent, shutdown
The ISL8130 monitors the output voltage and generates a
PGOOD (power-good) signal when soft-start sequence is
complete and the output is within regulation. A built-in
overvoltage protection circuit prevents the output voltage from
going typically above 115% of the set point. For a buck and
buck-boost configuration, protection from overcurrent
conditions is provided by monitoring the rDS(ON) of the upper
MOSFET to inhibit the PWM operation appropriately. This
approach improves efficiency by eliminating the need for a
current sensing resistor. For other topologies, overcurrent
protection is achieved using a current sensing resistor.
• Pb-free (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• Power supplies for microprocessors/ASICs
• Ethernet routers and switchers
• Medical instrument power supplies
Related Literature
• Technical Brief TB389 “PCB Land Pattern Design and
Surface Mount Guidelines for QFN Packages”
5.6V to 16V
C1
C3
C2
VIN VCC5
C4
R1 499Ω
PVCC
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
ENSS
OSC
R3
10kΩ
R6
C15
470pF
L1
10µH
32V
BOOT
REF
+
+
-
FB
3.32kΩ
LGATE
C11
COMP
470pF
R5 C12
PGND
C7
0.1µF
Rcs
5mΩ
OCSET
ISEN
RT
47.5kΩ PGOOD
R2
CDEL
0.1µF
C8
SGND
C6
C5
D1
UGATE
PHASE
REFOUT
C14
2.2µF
Q1
C9
C10
220µF x 2
REFIN
12.1kΩ 47nF
R4
174kΩ
FIGURE 1. BOOST CONVERTER
October 5, 2012
FN7954.3
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2012. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL8130
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PART
MARKING
TEMP.
RANGE (°C)
PACKAGE
(Pb-Free)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL8130IAZ
8130 IAZ
-40 to +85
20 Ld QSOP
M20.15
ISL8130IRZ
81 30IRZ
-40 to +85
20 Ld 4x4 QFN
L20.4x4
NOTES:
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL8130 For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363.
Pin Configurations
ISL8130
(20 LD QSOP)
TOP VIEW
BOOT
UGATE
PHASE
PVCC
LGATE
ISL8130
(20 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
20
19
18
17
16
ISEN
1
15 PGND
REFIN
2
14 CDEL
OCSET
3
13 PGOOD
REFOUT
4
12 ENSS
6
7
8
9
10
SGND
RT
FB
11 COMP
VIN
5
VCC5
NC
CDEL
1
PGND
2
19 ENSS
LGATE
3
18 COMP
PVCC
4
17 FB
PHASE
5
20 PGOOD
EP
16 RT
UGATE
6
BOOT
7
14 VIN
ISEN
8
13 VCC5
REFIN
9
12 NC
OCSET 10
15 SGND
11 REFOUT
Pin Descriptions
PIN #
QFN, QSOP
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
1, 8
ISEN
Input to overcurrent protection comparator. Voltage on this pin is compared with voltage on OCSET pin to detect an
overcurrent condition. Connect this pin to the junction of the inductor and a current sensing resistor in a boost, sepic
and flyback configuration. Connect this pin to the phase node for sensing the voltage drop across the upper MOSFET
in a buck configuration. See ‘Overcurrent Protection” on Page 13 for details.
2, 9
REFIN
To use REFIN as input reference, connect the desired reference voltage to the REFIN pin in the range of 0.6V to 1.25V.
To use internal reference voltage, tie this pin to VCC5. Do not leave the REFIN pin floating.
3, 10
OCSET
An internal current source draws 100µA through a resistor connected between the supply and this pin. Voltage at this
pin is compared with voltage at the ISEN pin for detecting an overcurrent condition.
4, 11
REFOUT
This pin provides buffered reference output for REFIN. Connect 2.2µF decoupling capacitor to this pin.
5, 12
NC
6, 13
VCC5
This pin is the output of the internal 5V LDO. Connect a minimum of 4.7µF ceramic decoupling capacitor as close to
the IC as possible at this pin. Refer to Table 1.
7, 14
VIN
This pin powers the controller and must be decoupled to ground using a ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the
VIN pin.
8, 15
SGND
No Connect.
This pin provides the signal ground for the IC. Tie this pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance
connection.
2
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Pin Descriptions (Continued)
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
9, 16
RT
This is the oscillator frequency selection pin. Connecting this pin directly to VCC5 will select the oscillator free running
frequency of 300kHz. By placing a resistor from this pin to GND, the oscillator frequency can be programmed from
100kHz to 1.4MHz. Figure 2 shows the oscillator frequency vs RT resistance.
FREQUENCY (kHz)
PIN #
QFN, QSOP
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
25
50
75
RT (kΩ)
100
125
150
FIGURE 2. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs RT
10, 17
FB
This pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider and provides the voltage feedback signal for the controller. This
pin sets the output voltage of the converter.
11, 18
COMP
This pin is the error amplifier output pin. It is used as the compensation point for the PWM error amplifier.
12, 19
ENSS
This pin provides enable/disable function and soft-start for the PWM output. The output drivers are turned off when
this pin is held below 1V.
13, 20
PGOOD
This pin provides a power-good status. It is an open collector output used to indicate the status of the output voltage.
14, 1
CDEL
The PGOOD signal can be delayed by a time proportional to a CDEL current of 2µA and the value of the capacitor
connected between this pin and ground. A 0.1µF will typically provide 125ms delay.
15, 2
PGND
This pin provides the power ground for the IC. Tie this pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance
connection.
16, 3
LGATE
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the lower MOSFET in buck and buck/boost configuration.
17, 4
PVCC
This pin is the power connection for the gate drivers. Connect this pin to the VCC5 pin. Connect a minimum of 1.0µF
ceramic decoupling capacitor as close to the IC as possible at this pin.
18, 5
PHASE
This pin also provides a return path for the upper gate driver. In a buck configuration it is the junction point of the
inductor, the upper MOSFET source and the lower MOSFET drain. For boost, sepic and flyback configurations, this pin
is tied to the power ground.
19, 6
UGATE
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the main switching MOSFET in all configurations.
20, 7
BOOT
This pin is used to generate level shifted gate drive signals on the UGATE pin. Connect this pin to the junction of the
bootstrap capacitor and the cathode of the bootstrap diode in a buck or buck/boost configuration. For other
topologies, connect this pin to PVCC. Please refer to typical application circuits beginning on page 5 for details.
21 (QSOP only)
EP
This pad is electrically isolated. Connect this pad to the signal ground plane using at least five vias for a robust thermal
conduction path.
3
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
Block Diagram
VCC5
ENSS
VIN
OCSET
10µA
ENSS
4
INTERNAL
0.6V
100µA
LINEAR
REGULATOR
POWER-ON
RESET (POR)
ISEN
OTP
SSDONE
BOOT
REFIN
OVERCURRENT
COMP
SSDONE
REFOUT
VOLTAGE
CONTROL
UGATE
FAULT LOGIC
SSDONE
MODE
PHASE
CDEL
PWM
COMP
SS
PVCC
VREF
FB
EA
LGATE
COMP
PGND
OSCILLATOR
PGOOD
PGOOD
COMP
OV/UV
COMP
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
SGND
RT
EP (QFN ONLY)
ISL8130
GATE
CONTROL
LOGIC
ISL8130
Typical Step Down DC/DC Application Schematic
5.5V to 27V
C6
C1
VIN
PVCC
C3
VCC5
C2
BOOT
RT
Q1
PGOOD
R2
CDEL
C8
L1
PHASE
REF
C11
Q2
LGATE
-+
+
+
-
FB
VOUT
ISEN
SGND
R3
C9
UGATE
OSC
C10
PGND
REFIN
COMP
C7
0.1µF
D1
R1
OCSET
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
ENSS
C5
C4
REFOUT
C12
R5
R4
Typical Standard Boost DC/DC Application Schematic
5.6V TO 16V
C6
C1
C3
C2
VIN
C4
R1
PVCC
VCC5
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
ENSS
C5
RT
R2
CDEL
C8
L1
BOOT
REF
-+
+
SGND
UGATE
PHASE
32V
D1
C9
C10
Q1
+
-
FB
R3
LGATE
OSC
C11
R5
COMP
PGND
C7
0.1µF
PGOOD
Rcs
OCSET
ISEN
C12
REFOUT
C14
REFIN
R4
5
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Typical SEPIC DC/DC Application Schematic
8.4V TO 19V
C6
C1
C3
C2
VIN
VCC5
C4
R1
PVCC
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
ENSS
C5
ISEN
PGOOD
R2
LGATE
OSC
REF
-+
+
SGND
UGATE
PHASE
C11
R5
COMP
C12
PGND
+
-
FB
R3
C13
BOOT
CDEL
C8
COUPLED INDUCTOR
L1
RT
C7
0.1µF
Rcs
OCSET
REFOUT
C14
C9
D1
12V
C10
Q1
REFIN
R4
6
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
VIN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +30V
PHASE, BOOT, and UGATE Pins to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +33V
BOOT to PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VCC +0.3V
PVCC, VCC5, PGOOD, REFIN, and CDEL to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V
LGATE, ENSS, COMP, FB and RT to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to VCC5 + 0.3V
OCSET and ISEN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +27V
OCSET to ISEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7V to +27V
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2kV
Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150V
Charged Device Model (Tested per JESD22-C101E). . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5kV
Latch Up (Tested per JESD-78C; Class 2, Level A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100mA
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W)
QFN Package (Notes 4, 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
6.5
QSOP Package (Notes 5, 7). . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
52
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C (for “I” suffix)
Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C
Recommended Operating Conditions
VIN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5V to +24V
OCSET to VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-1.4V to +0.3V
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
5. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
6. For θJC, the "case temp" location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
7. For θJC, the “case temp” location is taken at the package top center.
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply over the
operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C.
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 13)
TYP
MAX
(Note 13)
UNITS
-
1.4
-
mA
-
2.0
3.0
mA
VIN SUPPLY CURRENT
Shutdown Current (Note 8)
IVIN_SHDN
Operating Current (Notes 8, 9)
IVIN_OP
EN/SS = GND
VCC5 SUPPLY (Notes 9, 10)
Input Voltage Range
VIN = VCC5 for 5V configuration
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Output Voltage
VIN = 5.6V to 28V, IL = 3mA to 50mA
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Maximum Output Current
VIN = 12V
50
-
-
mA
4.310
4.400
4.475
V
4.090
4.100
4.250
V
0.16
-
-
V
POWER-ON RESET
Rising VCC5 Threshold
VIN connected to VCC5, 5V input operation
Falling VCC5 Threshold
UVLO Threshold Hysteresis
PWM CONVERTERS
Maximum Duty Cycle
fSW = 300kHz
90
96
-
%
Minimum Duty Cycle
fSW = 300kHz
-
-
0
%
-
80
-
nA
FB Pin Bias Current
Undervoltage Protection
VUV
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter
75
-
85
%
Overvoltage Protection
VOVP
Fraction of the set point; ~1µs noise filter
112
-
120
%
Free Running Frequency
RT = VCC5, TA = -40°C to +85°C
270
300
330
kHz
Total Variation
TA = -40°C to +85°C, with frequency set by
external resistor at RT
-
±10%
-
%
Frequency Range (Set by RT)
VIN = 12V
100
-
1400
kHz
OSCILLATOR
7
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply over the
operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)
MIN
(Note 13)
TYP
MAX
(Note 13)
UNITS
ΔVOSC
-
1.25
-
VP-P
VREF
0.594
-
0.606
V
ISS
-
10
-
µA
VSOFT
1.0
-
-
V
-
-
1.0
V
Gate Drive Pull Down Resistance
-
2.0
-
Ω
Gate Drive Pull Up Resistance
-
2.6
-
Ω
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Ramp Amplitude (Note 11)
TEST CONDITIONS
REFERENCE AND SOFT-START/ENABLE
Internal Reference Voltage
Soft-Start Current
Soft-Start Threshold
Enable Low
(Converter Disabled)
PWM CONTROLLER GATE DRIVERS
Rise Time
Co = 3300pF
-
25
-
ns
Fall Time
Co = 3300pF
-
25
-
ns
-
20
-
ns
-
88
-
dB
GBW
-
15
-
MHz
SR
-
6
-
V/µs
Dead Time Between Drivers
ERROR AMPLIFIER
DC Gain (Note 11)
Gain-Bandwidth Product
(Note 11)
Slew Rate (Note 11)
COMP Source/Sink Current (Note 11)
±0.4
mA
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
OCSET Current Source
IOCSET
VOCSET = 4.5V
80
100
120
µA
POWER-GOOD AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Power-Good Lower Threshold
VPG-
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter
-14
-10
-8
%
Power-Good Higher Threshold
VPG+
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter
9
-
16
%
VPULLUP = 5.0V (Note 12)
-
-
1
µA
PGOOD Voltage Low
IPGOOD = 4mA
-
-
0.5
V
PGOOD Delay
CDEL = 0.1µF
-
125
-
ms
CDEL Current for PGOOD
CDEL threshold = 2.5V
-
2
-
µA
-
2.5
-
V
Min External Reference Input at
REFIN
-
0.600
-
V
Max External Reference Input at
REFIN
-
-
1.250
V
PGOOD Leakage Current
IPGLKG
CDEL Threshold
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
REFERENCE BUFFER
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal
Reference
VREFOUT
IREFOUT = 1mA, CREFOUT = 2.2µF,
TA = -40°C to +85°C
0.583
0.595
0.607
V
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal
Reference
VREFOUT
IREFOUT = 20mA, CREFOUT = 2.2µF,
TA = -40°C to +85°C
0.575
0.587
0.599
V
Buffered Output Voltage - External
Reference
VREFOUT
VREFOUT= 1.25V, IREFOUT = 1mA,
CREFOUT = 2.2µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C
1.227
1.246
1.265
V
8
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply over the
operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)
MIN
(Note 13)
TYP
MAX
(Note 13)
UNITS
1.219
1.238
1.257
V
20
-
-
mA
Shutdown Temperature
(Note 11)
-
150
-
°C
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
(Note 11)
-
20
-
°C
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Buffered Output Voltage - External
Reference
Current Drive Capability
VREFOUT
TEST CONDITIONS
VREFOUT= 1.25V, IREFOUT = 20mA,
CREFOUT = 2.2µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C
CREFOUT = 2.2µF
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
NOTES:
8. The operating supply current and shutdown current specifications for 5V input are the same as VIN supply current specifications, i.e., 5.6V to 28V
input conditions. These should also be tested with part configured for 5V input configuration, i.e., VIN = VCC5 = PVCC = 5V.
9. This is the VCC current consumed when the device is active but not switching. Does not include gate drive current.
10. When the input voltage is 5.6V to 28V at VIN pin, the VCC5 pin provides a 5V output capable of 50mA (max) total from the internal LDO. When the
input voltage is 5V, VCC5 pin will be used as a 5V input, the internal LDO regulator is disabled and the VIN must be connected to the VCC5. In both
cases the PVCC pin should always be connected to VCC5 pin (refer to “Functional Description” on page 15 for more details).
11. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
12. It is recommended to use VCC5 as the pull-up source.
13. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
9
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
2.00
2.00
1.75
1.75
IVIN_SHDN(mA)
IVIN_SHDN (mA)
Typical Performance Curves Oscilloscope plots are taken using the ISL8130EVAL1Z Evaluation Board for buck converter or
ISL8130EVAL2Z for boost converter, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V for buck converter or VOUT = 32V for boost converter unless otherwise noted.
1.50
1.25
1.00
-40
-15
10
35
60
1.50
1.25
1.00
4
85
8
12
16
TEMPERATURE (°C)
24
28
FIGURE 4. SHUTDOWN CURRENT, IVIN_SHDN vs VIN
3.00
4
2.50
3
IVIN_OP(mA)
IVIN_OP (mA)
FIGURE 3. SHUTDOWN CURRENT, IVIN_SHDN vs TEMPERATURE
2.00
2
1
1.50
1.00
-40
20
VIN (V)
-15
10
35
60
0
85
4
8
12
16
TEMPERATURE (°C)
20
24
28
VIN (V)
FIGURE 5. OPERATING CURRENT IVIN_OP vs TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 6. OPERATING CURRENT IVIN_OP vs VIN
5.10
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
VVCC (V)
VVCC (V)
5.05
5.00
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.95
4.7
4.6
4.90
-40
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 7. VVCC vs TEMPERATURE
10
60
85
4.5
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
IVCC (A)
FIGURE 8. VVCC vs IVCC
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Typical Performance Curves Oscilloscope plots are taken using the ISL8130EVAL1Z Evaluation Board for buck converter or
ISL8130EVAL2Z for boost converter, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V for buck converter or VOUT = 32V for boost converter unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
0.610
320
310
FSW (kHz)
VREF (V)
0.605
0.600
0.595
0.590
-40
300
290
280
-15
10
35
60
270
-40
85
-15
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 9. VREF vs TEMPERATURE
60
85
60
85
12
11
1.05
ISS (µA)
IOCSET NORMALIZED
35
FIGURE 10. FSW vs TEMPERATURE
1.15
10
0.95
9
0.85
-40
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
8
-40
85
10
35
FIGURE 12. SOFT-START CURRENT, ISS vs TEMPERATURE
2.2
1.25
1.10
2.1
ICDEL(µA)
0.95
0.80
2.0
1.9
0.65
0.50
0.50
-15
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 11. IOCSET vs TEMPERATURE
VFB (V)
10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0.65
0.80
0.95
VREFIN (V)
FIGURE 13. VFB vs VREFIN
11
1.10
1.25
1.8
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 14. CDEL CURRENT FOR PGOOD, ICDEL vs TEMPERATURE
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Typical Performance Curves Oscilloscope plots are taken using the ISL8130EVAL1Z Evaluation Board for buck converter or
ISL8130EVAL2Z for boost converter, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V for buck converter or VOUT = 32V for boost converter unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
VIN
VIN
EN/SS
EN/SS
VOUT
VOUT
PHASE
PHASE
FIGURE 15. SOFT-START WAVEFORM, NO PREBIASED, BUCK
CONVERTER
VOUT
FIGURE 16. SOFT-START WAVEFORM, PREBIASED, BUCK CONVERTER
VOUT
PGOOD
PGOOD
EN/SS
EN/SS
CDEL
CDEL = 0.1µF
FIGURE 17. PGOOD PULL-UP DELAY AT START UP, BUCK CONVERTER
CDEL
CDEL = 0.1µF
FIGURE 18. PGOOD PULL-DOWN AT SHUTDOWN, BUCK CONVERTER
VOUT
VOUT
VIN
PHASE
EN/SS
FIGURE 19. SOFT-START WAVEFORM, NO PREBIASED, BOOST
CONVERTER
12
VIN
PHASE
EN/SS
FIGURE 20. SOFT-START WAVEFORM, PREBIASED, BOOST CONVERTER
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Typical Performance Curves Oscilloscope plots are taken using the ISL8130EVAL1Z Evaluation Board for buck converter or
ISL8130EVAL2Z for boost converter, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V for buck converter or VOUT = 32V for boost converter unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
VOUT
VOUT
IINDUCTOR
EN/SS
VIN
IINDUCTOR
EN/SS
PGOOD
FIGURE 22. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION, BOOST CONVERTER
FIGURE 21. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION, BUCK CONVERTER
EN/SS
VOUT
IOUT
EN/SS
VIN
PGOOD
VOUT
IINDUCTOR
FIGURE 23. OCP ENTRY AND RECOVERY, BUCK CONVERTER
FIGURE 24. OCP ENTRY AND RECOVERY, BOOST CONVERTER
1.00
1.00
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 32V
0.95
EFFICIENCY
EFFICIENCY
0.95
0.90
0.85
VIN = 6V, VOUT = 32V
0.90
0.85
FSW = 280kHz
0.80
0
5
10
15
20
LOAD CURRENT (A)
FIGURE 25. EFFICIENCY VS LOAD CURRENT, BUCK CONVERTER,
UPPER AND LOWER MOSFET: BSC057N03LS X 2;
INDUCTOR: SER2010-901
13
25
0.80
FSW = 320kHz
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
LOAD CURRENT (A)
FIGURE 26. EFFICIENCY VS LOAD CURRENT, BOOST CONVERTER,
MOSFET: BSC100N06LS; INDUCTOR: WE 74477110
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Typical Performance Curves Oscilloscope plots are taken using the ISL8130EVAL1Z Evaluation Board for buck converter or
ISL8130EVAL2Z for boost converter, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V for buck converter or VOUT = 32V for boost converter unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V
IOUT, 10A/DIV
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 32V
IOUT, 0.5A/DIV
VOUT, AC, 50mV/DIV
VOUT, AC, 500mV/DIV
ISTEP: 0A to 25A
3A/µs
ISTEP: 0.5A to 1.25A
3A/µs
FIGURE 27. LOAD TRANSIENT, BUCK CONVERTER, INDUCTOR:
SER2010-901; COUT: 2*16SEPC180MX
FIGURE 28. LOAD TRANSIENT, BOOST CONVERTER, INDUCTOR:
WE 74477110; COUT: 2*220µF 50V, 42mΩ ESR
14
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Functional Description
Initialization
If the REFIN is connected to an external voltage source between
0.6V to 1.25V, then this external voltage is used as the reference
voltage at the positive input of the error amplifier.
The ISL8130 automatically initializes upon receipt of power. The
Power-On Reset (POR) function monitors the internal bias voltage
generated from LDO output (VCC5) and the ENSS pin. The POR
function initiates the soft-start operation after the VCC5 exceeds
the POR threshold. The POR function inhibits operation with the
chip disabled (ENSS pin <1V).
Power-Good
The device can operate from an input supply voltage of 5.5V to
24V connected directly to the VIN pin using the internal 5V linear
regulator to bias the chip and supply the gate drivers. For 5V
±10% applications, connect VIN to VCC5 to bypass the linear
regulator. Refer to Table 1.
The CDEL is used to set the PGOOD active delay after soft-start. After
the ENSS pin completes its soft-start ramp, a 2µA current begins
charging the CDEL capacitor to 2.5V. The capacitor will be quickly
discharged before PGOOD goes high. The programmable delay can
be used to sequence multiple converters or as a LOW-true reset
signal.
TABLE 1. INPUT SUPPLY CONFIGURATION
INPUT
PIN CONFIGURATION
5.5V to 24V Connect the input to the VIN pin. The VCC5 pin will provide
a 5V output from the internal LDO. Connect PVCC to VCC5.
5V ±10%
Connect the input to the VCC5 pin. Connect the PVCC and
VIN pins to VCC5.
Shutdown
When ENSS pin is below 1V, the regulator is disabled with the
PWM output drivers tri-stated. When disabled, the IC power will
be reduced.
The PGOOD pin can be used to monitor the status of the output
voltage. PGOOD will be true (open drain) when the FB pin is within
±10% of the reference and the ENSS pin has completed the
soft-start ramp.
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds ±10% of the reference, the
PGOOD will go low after 1µs of noise filtering.
Overcurrent Protection
The Overcurrent Protection (OCP) function protects the converter
from an overcurrent condition. The OCP circuit compares voltages
at the OCSET and the ISEN pin and signals an overcurrent
condition when ISEN drops below OCSET. Voltage at the OCSET pin
acts as a reference and is established by a resistor connected to
this pin from the input supply rail. An internal current source draws
a current IOCSET (typically 100µA) from the OCSET pin resulting in
a voltage at the pin given by Equation 1.
(EQ. 1)
Soft-Start/Enable
V OCSET = V IN – R OCSET xI OCSET
The ISL8130 soft-start function uses an internal current source
and an external capacitor to reduce stresses and surge current
during start-up.
The ISEN pin is connected to a current sensing resistor that senses
the current drawn from the input supply. This current sensing
resistor could be the rDS(ON) of the upper MOSFET if the ISL8130 is
used in a buck configuration. Please refer to the “Block Diagram”
on page 4 for more details. Voltage at the ISEN pin is given by
Equation 2.
When the output of the internal linear regulator reaches the POR
threshold, the POR function initiates the soft-start sequence. An
internal 10µA current source charges an external capacitor on
the ENSS pin linearly from 0V to 3.3V.
When the ENSS pin voltage reaches 1V typically, the internal
0.6V reference begins to charge following the dv/dt of the ENSS
voltage. As the soft-start pin charges from 1V to 1.6V, the
reference voltage charges from 0V to 0.6V. Figure 15 shows a
typical soft-start sequence.
Start-up into Pre-Biased Load
The ISL8130 is designed to power-up into a pre-biased load.
During the soft starting, the error amplifier compares the voltage
of the FB pin and the rising reference voltage given by the ENSS
pin. The COMP pin is hold down if the VFB is greater than the
rising reference voltage thus inhibiting switching.
The ISL8130 starts switching when the rising reference voltage
exceeds the FB pin voltage. ISL8130 operates in CCM afterwards.
The waveform for this condition is shown in Figure 19.
External Reference/Tracking
If REFIN pin is tied to VCC5, then the internal 0.6V reference is
used as the error amplifier non-inverting input.
15
V ISEN = V IN – R CS xI IN
(EQ. 2)
Combining Equations 1 and 2 gives the overcurrent trip point as
given in Equation 3.
R OCSET xI OCSET
I OC = ------------------------------------------------R CS
(EQ. 3)
When UGATE is high, current through the sense resistor increases.
If it increases enough to make VISEN smaller than VOCSET, an
overcurrent event is registered for that clock cycle, a counter is
incremented and the UGATE pulse is immediately terminated. If an
overcurrent condition is registered for 8 consecutive cycles, the
ISL8130 enters into a soft-start hiccup mode. During hiccup, the
external capacitor on the ENSS pin is discharged. After the
capacitor is discharged, it is released and a soft-start cycle is
initiated. There are three dummy soft-start delay cycles to allow
the power devices to cool down and to alleviate the thermal stress
in overload or short circuit conditions. At the fourth soft-start cycle,
the output starts a normal soft-start cycle, and the output tries to
ramp.
It is important to connect the OCSET and ISEN traces right across
the current sensing resistor for good accuracy of the OCP
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
threshold. A Kelvin connection is recommended to avoid noise
coupling.
In a buck configuration, the OC trip point varies mainly due to the
upper MOSFETs rDS(ON) variations. To avoid overcurrent tripping in
the normal operating load range, find the ROCSET resistor from
Equation 1 with:
1. The maximum rDS(ON) at the highest junction temperature.
2. Determine I OC for I OC > I OUT ( MAX ) + ( ΔI ) ⁄ 2 ,
where ΔI is the output inductor ripple current.
A small ceramic capacitor should be placed in parallel with
ROCSET to smooth the voltage across ROCSET in the presence of
switching noise on the input voltage. Both the ROCSET and the
filtering cap should be placed close to the ISL8130.
The OCP function is active once the ENSs reaches the enable
threshold voltage.
Over-Temperature Protection
The ISL8130 is protected against over-temperature conditions.
When the junction temperature exceeds +150°C, the PWM shuts
off. Normal operation is resumed when the junction temperature
decreases to 130°C.
Application Guidelines
Layout Considerations
As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is very
important. Switching current from one power device to another
can generate voltage transients across the impedances of the
interconnecting bond wires and circuit traces. These
interconnecting impedances should be minimized by using wide,
short printed circuit traces. The critical components should be
located as close together as possible using ground plane
construction or single point grounding.
Figure 29 shows the critical power components of the buck
converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the interconnecting
wires indicated by heavy lines should be part of ground or power
plane in a printed circuit board. The components shown in
Figure 29 should be located as close together as possible. Please
note that the capacitors CIN and CO each represent numerous
physical capacitors. Locate the ISL8130 within 3 inches of the
MOSFETs, Q1 and Q2. The circuit traces for the MOSFETs’ gate
and source connections from the ISL8130 must be sized to
handle up to 1A peak current.
VIN
Undervoltage
ISL8130
UGATE
Overvoltage Protection
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds the reference voltage by 15%,
the lower gate driver is turned on continuously to discharge the
output voltage. If the overvoltage condition continues for 32
consecutive PWM cycles, then the chip is turned off with the gate
drivers tri-stated. The voltage on the FB pin will fall and reach the
15% undervoltage threshold. After 8 clock cycles, the chip will
enter soft-start hiccup mode. This mode is identical to the
overcurrent hiccup mode. This overvoltage protection is disabled
if the ENSS does not reach 3.3V.
Gate Control Logic
The gate control logic translates PWM control signals into the
MOSFET gate drive signals providing necessary amplification,
level shifting and shoot-through protection. Also, it has functions
that help optimize the IC performance over a wide range of
operational conditions.
Q1
LO
VOUT
PHASE
LGATE
Q2
D2
CIN
LOAD
If the voltage on the FB pin is less than 85% of the reference
voltage for 8 consecutive PWM cycles, then the circuit enters into
soft-start hiccup mode. This mode is identical to the overcurrent
hiccup mode. This undervoltage protection is disabled if the
ENSS does not reach 3.3V.
CO
GND
RETURN
FIGURE 29. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND GROUND
PLANES OR ISLANDS
Figure 30 shows the circuit traces that require additional layout
consideration. Use single point and ground plane construction for
the circuits shown. Minimize any leakage current paths on the SS
PIN and locate the capacitor, Css close to the SS pin because the
internal current source is only 10µA. Provide local VCC
decoupling between VCC and GND pins. Locate the capacitor,
CBOOT as close as practical to the BOOT and PHASE pins.
Since MOSFET switching time can vary dramatically from type to
type and with the input voltage, the gate control logic provides
adaptive dead time by monitoring the gate-to-source voltages of
both upper and lower MOSFETs. The lower MOSFET is not turned
on until the gate-to-source voltage of the upper MOSFET has
decreased to less than approximately 1V. Similarly, the upper
MOSFET is not turned on until the gate-to-source voltage of the
lower MOSFET has decreased to less than approximately 1V. This
allows a wide variety of upper and lower MOSFETs to be used
without a concern for simultaneous conduction, or shoot-through.
In a boost converter configuration, the LGATE signal may be left
floating.
16
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
D1
CBOOT
Q1
OSC
LO
PHASE
ENSS
+5V
Q2
CO
DRIVER
PWM
COMPARATOR
VOUT
LOAD
ISL8130
VIN
+VIN
BOOT
+
DVOSC
CVCC
DRIVER
CO
ZFB
ZIN
+
All control traces, such as feedback resistor divider connection,
compensation network connection should be placed away from
the high dv/dt node. Use Kelvin sensing connection for current
sensing.
PHASE
VE/A
GND
FIGURE 30. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SMALL SIGNAL LAYOUT
GUIDELINES
VOUT
ESR
(PARASITIC)
VCC
CSS
LO
REFERENCE
ERROR
AMP
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
ZFB
C2
General PowerPAD Design Considerations
C1
Figure 31 is an example of how to use vias to remove heat from
the IC.
VOUT
ZIN
C3
R2
R3
R1
COMP
FB
+
R4
ISL8130
REF
R 1⎞
⎛
V OUT = V REF x ⎜ 1 + -------⎟
R ⎠
⎝
4
FIGURE 31. PCB VIA PATTERN
We recommend you fill the thermal pad area with vias. A typical
via array would be to fill the thermal pad footprint with space,
such that they are center on center 3x the radius apart from each
other. Keep the Vias small but not so small that their inside
diameter prevents solder wicking through the holes during
reflow.
Connect all vias to the ground plane. It is important the vias have
a low thermal resistance for efficient heat transfer. It is
important to have a complete connection of the plated
through-hole to each plane.
Feedback Compensation
Figure 32 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage (VOUT)
is regulated to the Reference voltage level. The error amplifier
(Error Amp) output (VE/A) is compared with the oscillator (OSC)
triangular wave to provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) wave
with an amplitude of VIN at the PHASE node. The PWM wave is
smoothed by the output filter (LO and CO). The modulator transfer
function is the small-signal transfer function of VOUT/VE/A.
17
FIGURE 32. VOLTAGE - MODE BUCK CONVERTER COMPENSATION
DESIGN
This function is dominated by a DC Gain and the output filter (LO
and CO), with a double pole break frequency at FLC and a zero at
FESR. The DC Gain of the modulator is simply the input voltage
(VIN) divided by the peak-to-peak oscillator voltage ΔVOSC.
Modulator Break Frequency Equations
1
F LC = --------------------------------------2π • L O • C O
(EQ. 4)
1
F ESR = --------------------------------------------2π • ( ESR • C O )
(EQ. 5)
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL8130) and the impedance networks ZIN and
ZFB. The goal of the compensation network is to provide a closed
loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing frequency
(f0dB) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin is the
difference between the closed loop phase at f0dB and 180°. The
following equations relate to the compensation network’s poles,
zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2, R3, C1, C2, and C3) in
Figure 32. Use the following guidelines for locating the poles and
zeros of the compensation network.
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
Component Selection Guidelines
1
F Z1 = ---------------------------------2π • R 2 • C1
(EQ. 6)
Buck Converter Component
1
F P1 = ------------------------------------------------------C1 • C2
2π • R2 • ⎛ ----------------------⎞
⎝ C1 + C2⎠
(EQ. 7)
1
F Z2 = -----------------------------------------------------2π • ( R1 + R3 ) • C3
(EQ. 8)
1
F P2 = ---------------------------------2π • R3 • C3
(EQ. 9)
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth
2. Place 1ST Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole (~75% FLC)
3. Place 2ND Zero at Filter’s Double Pole
4. Place 1ST Pole at the ESR Zero
5. Place 2ND Pole at Half the Switching Frequency
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary
Figure 33 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC converter’s gain
vs frequency. The actual Modulator Gain has a high gain peak due
to the high Q factor of the output filter and is not shown in
Figure 33. Using the previously mentioned guidelines should give
a compensation gain similar to the curve plotted. The open loop
error amplifier gain bounds the compensation gain. Check the
compensation gain at FP2 with the capabilities of the error
amplifier. The Loop Gain is constructed on the log-log graph of
Figure 33 by adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the
Compensation Gain (in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying the
modulator transfer function to the compensation transfer function
and plotting the gain.
100
FZ1 FZ2
FP1
FP2
GAIN (dB)
40
20
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
20LOG
(R2/R1)
20LOG
(VIN/DVOSC)
0
-40
-60
COMPENSATION
GAIN
MODULATOR
GAIN
-20
LOOP GAIN
FLC
10
100
1k
FESR
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 33. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks ZFB
and ZIN to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall loop. A
stable control loop has a gain crossing with -20dB/decade slope
and a phase margin greater than 45°. Include worst case
component variations when determining phase margin.
18
The logic level MOSFETs are chosen for optimum efficiency given
the potentially wide input voltage range and output power
requirements, two N-Channel MOSFETs for the Buck converter.
These MOSFETs should be selected based upon rDS(ON), gate
supply requirements, and thermal management considerations.
The power dissipation includes two loss components; conduction
loss and switching loss. These losses are distributed between the
upper and lower MOSFETs according to duty cycle (see
Equations 10 and 11). The conduction losses are the main
component of power dissipation for the lower MOSFETs. Only the
upper MOSFET has significant switching losses since the lower
device turns on and off into near zero voltage. The equations
assume linear voltage-current transitions and do not model
power loss due to the reverse-recovery of the lower MOSFET’s
body diode.
2
( I O ) ( r DS ( ON ) ) ( V OUT ) ( I O ) ( V IN ) ( t SW ) ( F SW )
P UPPER = --------------------------------------------------------------- + -----------------------------------------------------------V IN
2
(EQ. 10)
2
( I O ) ( r DS ( ON ) ) ( V IN – V OUT )
P LOWER = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------V IN
(EQ. 11)
A large gate-charge increases the switching time, tSW , which
increases the upper MOSFET switching losses. Ensure that both
MOSFETs are within their maximum junction temperature at high
ambient temperature by calculating the temperature rise according
to package thermal-resistance specifications.
OUTPUT INDUCTOR SELECTION
80
60
MOSFET CONSIDERATIONS
The PWM converters require output inductors. The output
inductor is selected to meet the output voltage ripple
requirements. The inductor value determines the converter’s
ripple current and the ripple voltage is a function of the ripple
current and output capacitor(s) ESR. The ripple voltage
expression is given in the capacitor selection section and the
ripple current is approximated by Equation 12:
( V IN – V OUT ) ( V OUT )
ΔI L = ---------------------------------------------------------( f S ) ( L ) ( V IN )
(EQ. 12)
OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The output capacitors should be selected to meet the dynamic
regulation requirements including ripple voltage and load
transients. Selection of output capacitors is also dependent on
the output inductor, thus some inductor analysis is required to
select the output capacitors.
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to a load
transient is the time required for the inductor current to slew to
its new level. The response time is the time interval required to
slew the inductor current from an initial current value to the load
current level. During this interval the difference between the
inductor current and the transient current level must be supplied
by the output capacitor(s). Minimizing the response time can
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
The maximum capacitor value required to provide the full, rising
step, transient load current during the response time of the
inductor is shown in Equation 13:
Boost Converter Layout Considerations
VIN
LBST
2
( L O ) ( I TRAN )
C OUT = ----------------------------------------------------------2 ( V IN – V O ) ( DV OUT )
(EQ. 13)
D2
where COUT is the output capacitor(s) required, LO is the output
inductor, ITRAN is the transient load current step, VIN is the input
voltage, VO is output voltage, and DVOUT is the drop in output
voltage allowed during the load transient.
High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient current
and slow the load rate-of-change seen by the bulk capacitors. The
bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by the ESR
(Equivalent Series Resistance) and voltage rating requirements
as well as actual capacitance requirements.
The output voltage ripple is due to the inductor ripple current and
the ESR of the output capacitors as defined by Equation 14:
V RIPPLE = ΔI L ( ESR )
CIN
RCS
ISL8130
(EQ. 14)
Q1
UGATE
VOUT
LOAD
minimize the output capacitance required. Also, if the load
transient rise time is slower than the inductor response time, as
in a hard drive or CD drive, it reduces the requirement on the
output capacitor.
CO
PHASE
RETURN
FIGURE 34. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND GROUND
PLANES OR ISLANDS
Figure 34 shows the critical power components of the boost
converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the interconnecting
wires indicated by heavy lines should be part of ground or power
plane in a printed circuit board. The components shown in
Figure 34 should be located as close together as possible.
where, IL is calculated in the “Output Inductor Selection” on
page 18.
Boost Converter Component Selection
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as close
to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be careful
not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that could
cancel the usefulness of these low inductance components.
Consult with the manufacturer of the load circuitry for specific
decoupling requirements.
MOSFET CONSIDERATIONS
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for
switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors. In most
cases, multiple small-case electrolytic capacitors perform better
than a single large-case capacitor.
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor(s) are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable operation,
select bulk input capacitors with voltage and current ratings
above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS current
required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating should be at
least 1.25x greater than the maximum input voltage and 1.5x is
a conservative guideline. The AC RMS Input current varies with
the load. The total RMS current supplied by the input capacitance
is given by Equation 15:
2
DC – DC ⋅ I O
(EQ. 15)
where, DC is duty cycle of the buck converter.
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage ripple
across the MOSFETs. Use ceramic capacitors for the high
frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors to supply the RMS
current. Small ceramic capacitors can be placed very close to the
upper MOSFET to suppress the voltage induced in the parasitic
circuit impedances.
19
2
( I OUT ) ( V OUT ) ( t SWON + t SWOFF ) ( F SW )
P FET = P COND + -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 • V IN
(EQ. 16)
The conduction Loss PCOND is given by Equation 17:
2
P COND = ( I RMSFET ) • r DS ( ON )
(EQ. 17)
Where IRMSFET is the MOSFET RMS drain current (Equation 18).
INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
I RMSx =
The boost converter MOSFET has both conduction loss and
switching losses (Equation 16).
2
I OUT • V OUT
Δi PP ⎞
⎛
I RMSFET = ----------------------------------- • DC • ⎜ 1 + ----------------⎟
V IN
12 ⎠
⎝
(EQ. 18)
DC is duty cycle of the boost converter.
The switching loss is shown by Equation 19:
2
( I OUT ) ( V OUT ) ( t SWON + t SWOFF ) ( F SW )
P SW = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 • V IN
(EQ. 19)
tSWON and tSWOFF are the MOSFET turn on and turn off time
respectively and Vm is the plateau voltage during the MOSFET
turn on and turn off (Equations 20, 21):
Q gd • ( 2Ω + R GFET )
t SWON = -------------------------------------------------------( PVCC – V m )
(EQ. 20)
Q gd • ( 2Ω + R GFET )
t SWOFF = -------------------------------------------------------Vm
(EQ. 21)
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
The optimum MOSFET is usually that the conduction loss equals
the switching loss. The worst case for the MOSFET is at the
minimum VIN, when the inductor average current is the
maximum. The equations assume linear voltage-current
transitions and do not model power loss due to the
reverse-recovery of the Schottky diode.
INDUCTOR SELECTION
For a boost converter, the output ripple is not a strong function of
the boost inductor. The inductor is selected to meet the
efficiency, size and thermal requirement. Usually a smaller
inductor is preferred for cost, size and easy compensation. When
a small inductor is used, the inductor ripple current is large
incurring larger core loss. The ripple ration is usually from 30% to
50% (Equation 22).
V OUT
2
L BST = ------------------------------------- DC ( 1 – DC )
F SW ΔI R I OUT
(EQ. 22)
Where is ΔIR the desired ripple ratio. DC is the boost converter
duty cycle.
The DC inductor current is the maximum at the minimum VIN
(Equation 23).
Use ceramic capacitors for the high frequency decoupling and
bulk capacitors to supply the RMS current. Small ceramic
capacitors can be placed very close to the MOSFET and diode to
suppress the voltage induced in the parasitic circuit impedances.
CURRENT SENSING RESISTOR SELECTION
A small current sensing resistor is preferred for high efficiency
conversion. A too small RCS might not render an accurate
overcurrent protection threshold.
The current sensing resistor should be selected so that the
voltage across the current sensing resistor at OCP be greater
than 500mV for accurate OCP trip threshold (Equation 27).
500mV
R CS = -----------------------------------------------------------I PKIND • ( 1 + M arg in )
(EQ. 27)
Where IPKIND is the maximum inductor peak current. It is
recommended to have 25% margin for load transient and
variation.
Then the resistor should be sized to survive the maximum stress
at OCP (Equation 28).
P RCS = R CS ( I PKIND • ( 1 + M arg in ) )
2
(EQ. 28)
2
I OUT • V OUT
Δi PP
I RMSIND = ----------------------------------- • 1 + ---------------V IN
12
(EQ. 23)
The maximum peak inductor current occurs at the minimum
input (Equation 24).
V INMIN⎞
1 V INMIN ⎛
I PKIND = I RMSIND + --- --------------------------- ⎜ 1 – --------------------⎟
V OUT ⎠
2 L BST F SW ⎝
(EQ. 24)
Select the inductor using Equation 22. with saturation current
higher than that calculated with Equation 24. Make sure the
inductor can handle the thermal stress.
OUTPUT CAPACITORS SELECTION
The important parameters for the bulk output capacitor(s) are
the voltage rating, the RMS current rating and output ripple. For
reliable operation, select bulk capacitors with voltage and
current ratings above the maximum output voltage, which should
be the OVP threshold and largest RMS current required by the
circuit. The capacitor voltage rating should be at least 1.25x
greater than the maximum output voltage and 1.5x is a
conservative guideline. The AC RMS output current varies with
the load and VIN. The total RMS current filtered by the output
capacitance is given by Equation 25:
V OUT
I RMSOUT = I OUT • ---------------- – 1
V IN
(EQ. 25)
INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The input current ripple for a boost converter is much smaller
than the output ripple. The input capacitor of the boost converter
is to filter out the inductor ripple current and to stabilize the
power supply and the boost converter.
The input capacitor should take the input RMS current
(Equation 29).
I RMSIN =
⎞
1 ⎛ V OUT
------ • ⎜ ------------------------------- • DC ( 1 – DC )⎟
12 ⎝ L BST ⋅ F SW
⎠
(EQ. 29)
If the boost converter is powered by another DC/DC converter
with sufficient output capacitors, a small ceramic capacitor can
be used for the input capacitor.
Boost Converter Compensation
MODULATOR BREAK FREQUENCY EQUATIONS
The modulator DC gain is (Equation 30):
V OUT
G DC = --------------------------------------------V OSC • ( 1 – DC )
(EQ. 30)
VOSC is the internal oscillator output amplitude, which is 1.25V,
DC is the boost converter duty cycle.
The Boost converter double pole is a function of the duty cycle,
inductor and output capacitor (Equation 31).
The worst case is at full load and minimum VIN. When the
maximum AC ripple current is as shown in Equation 26:
1 – DC
F LC = ---------------------------------------------2π • ( L BST • C O )
V OUT
I RMSOUT = I OUTMAX • -------------------- – 1
V INMIN
The output capacitor ESR adds a zero to the loop gain
(Equation 32).
(EQ. 26)
1
F ESR = --------------------------------------------2π • ( ESR • C O )
20
(EQ. 31)
(EQ. 32)
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
The right-half-plane zero is a function of load current, VIN and the
boost inductance. The RHP zero causes phase lag decreasing
phase margin. It is recommended to have the closed loop gain
cross 0dB at 1/3 of the FRHP (Equation 33).
V IN • ( 1 – DC )
F RHP = --------------------------------------------------2π • ( I OUT • L BST )
(EQ. 33)
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
1
F Z1 = ---------------------------------2π • R 2 • C1
(EQ. 34)
Figure 35 by adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the
Compensation Gain (in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying the
modulator transfer function to the compensation transfer function
and plotting the gain.
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth
2. Place 1ST Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole (~75% FLC)
3. Place 2ND Zero at Filter’s Double Pole
4. Place 1ST Pole at the right half plane zero, FRHP
5. Place 2ND Pole at Half the Switching Frequency
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain
(EQ. 35)
1
F Z2 = -----------------------------------------------------2π • ( R1 + R3 ) • C3
(EQ. 36)
1
F P2 = ---------------------------------2π • R3 • C3
(EQ. 37)
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL8130) and the impedance networks ZIN and
ZFB. The goal of the compensation network is to provide a closed
loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing frequency
(f0dB) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin is the
difference between the closed loop phase at f0dB and 180°. The
following equations relate to the compensation network’s poles,
zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2, R3, C1, C2, and C3) in
Figure 32. Use the following guidelines for locating the poles and
zeros of the compensation network.
Figure 35 shows an asymptotic plot of the Boost converter’s gain
vs frequency. Using the previously mentioned guidelines should
give a compensation gain similar to the curve plotted. The open
loop error amplifier gain bounds the compensation gain. Check
the compensation gain at FP2 with the capabilities of the error
amplifier. The Loop Gain is constructed on the log-log graph of
21
Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary
In applications when the RHP zero makes the stabilizing the
converter very difficult, it is recommended to increase the output
capacitor.
100
FZ1 FZ2
FP1
FP2
80
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
60
GAIN (dB)
1
F P1 = ------------------------------------------------------C1 • C2
2π • R2 • ⎛ ----------------------⎞
⎝ C1 + C2⎠
40
20
0
20LOG
(R2/R1)
20LOG
(VO/(DVOSC*(1-D)))
-40
-60
COMPENSATION
GAIN
MODULATOR
GAIN
-20
LOOP GAIN
FLC
10
100
1k
FRHP FESR
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 35. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you
have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
CHANGE
September 26, 2012
FN7954.3
“Overcurrent Protection” on page 15 - Changed VOCSET to IOCSET
Equation 22 on page 20 -- Added IOUT to the equation.
“Output Capacitors Selection” on page 20
- Changed “input ” to “output”
- Deletetd “use a mix of input capacitors to control the voltage ripple across MOSFETs.”
February 22, 2012
FN7954.2
Correction to “Typical Step Down DC/DC Application Schematic” on page 5. Connections corrected for VIN and
PVCC. Removed capacitor C14 and GND from REFOUT.
February 13, 2012
FN7954.1
Made correction to units for Shutdown and Operating Currents on page 7 from µA to mA.
“PWM CONTROLLER GATE DRIVERS” on page 8 - changed Typical value in pull-down resistance from 2.6 to 2.0
and changed Typical value in pull-up resistance from 2.0 to 2.6
Load Transient Figures 27 and 28 on page 14 replaced to show a clearer description of the waveforms.
February 9, 2012
FN7954.0
Initial Release
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22
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Package Outline Drawing
M20.15
20 LEAD QUARTER SIZE OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE (QSOP)
Rev 2, 1/11
20
INDEX
AREA
1
2
0.244 (6.19)
0.157 (3.98) 0.228 (5.80)
0.150 (3.81)
4
3
GAUGE
PLANE
TOP VIEW
6
0.050 (1.27)
0.25
0.010
SEATING PLANE
3
0.069 (1.75)
0.053 (1.35)
0.344 (8.74)
0.337 (8.56)
0.016 (0.41)
0.0196 (0.49)
5
0.0099 (0.26)
8°
0°
0.012 (0.30)
0.008 (0.20)
0.025
(0.635 BSC)
8
0.010 (0.25)
0.004 (0.10)
0.061 MAX (1.54 MIL)
SIDE VIEW
0.010 (0.25)
0.007 (0.18)
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
0.015 (0.38) x 20
0.025 (0.64) x 18
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of
Publication Number 95.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
20
0.060 (1.52) x 20
3. Dimension does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.
Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm
(0.006 inch) per side.
4. Dimension does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead
flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per
side.
0.220(5.59)
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index
feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. Length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
1
2
3
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
8. Dimension does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable
dambar protrusion shall be 0.10mm (0.004 inch) total in excess of
dimension at maximum material condition.
9. Controlling dimension: INCHES. Converted millimeter dimensions
are not necessarily exact.
23
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012
ISL8130
Package Outline Drawing
L20.4x4
20 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 3, 11/06
4X
4.00
2.0
16X 0.50
A
B
16
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
20
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
1
15
4.00
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15
11
5
0.15
(4X)
6
10
0.10 M C A B
4 0.25 +0.05 / -0.07
TOP VIEW
20X 0.6 +0.15 / -0.25
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
0 . 90 ± 0 . 1
C
BASE PLANE
( 3. 6 TYP )
(
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
( 20X 0 . 5 )
2. 10 )
SIDE VIEW
( 20X 0 . 25 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
( 20X 0 . 8)
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 indentifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
24
FN7954.3
October 5, 2012