AN1297

AN1297
Microchip’s Op Amp SPICE Macro Models
Author:
Yang Zhen
(Microchip Technology Inc.)
Ron Wunderlich
(Innovative Ideas and Design)
INTRODUCTION
The SPICE macro models for Microchip’s operational
amplifiers (op amps) aid in the design and analysis of
various circuits by allowing for detailed simulation of
the circuit being designed.
This application note covers the function and use of
Microchip's op amp SPICE macro models. It does not
explain how to use the circuit simulator but will give the
user a better understanding how the model behaves
and tips on convergence issues.
MODEL DESCRIPTION
Microchip’s op amp SPICE macro models were written
and tested in Orcad's PSPICE 10.0 which is equivalent
to Cadence PSPICE 15.x. The type of modeling
technique that was used to model the op amps is called
"Macro Modeling". It is based on treating the op amp as
a black box and using mathematical equivalents of the
internal functions. As opposed to macro modeling, transistor level modeling is used for modeling of the device
under development and fabrication.
There are many advantages of macro modeling over
transistor level modeling. Since the op amp internal
circuitry has been simplified to mathematically
represent the functions, the simulation runs much
faster and is more robust. This allows the user to
simulate their circuitry at the board or system level with
the op amps within a reasonable simulation time. Since
the model is more robust, it allows flexibility in the
convergence criteria so that it can more easily work
with more types of circuits.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
However, with transistor level modeling, there are
many interactions between the transistors such as the
variations of voltage and current with time or
temperature. In a macro model, some of these
variations have to be simplified. For example, the
quiescent current will vary smoothly over temperature
for an actual IC or transistor level model. To model this
using the macro modeling technique, a look-up table is
used. This causes the macro model results to not be as
smooth as the actual IC. However the discrepancies
between the look-up table and the actual IC
performance are minimal.
What The Models Cover
Microchip’s op amp SPICE macro models cover a wide
aspect of the op amp’s electrical specifications. Not
only do the models cover voltage, current, and
resistance of the op amp, but it also covers the
temperature and noise effects on the behavior of the op
amp.
The models have been verified by comparing
simulation results against actual op amp specifications
contained in the appropriate op amp data sheet.
The op amp SPICE macro models have not been
verified outside of the specification range listed in the
op amp data sheet. The model behaviors under these
conditions cannot be guaranteed that it will match the
actual op amp performance.
Some of the op amps with high output impedance could
not be easily modeled to operate in both linear
applications and in comparator applications. For these
op amps, it was decided that two op amp models be
developed. One operates normally as an op amp in
linear applications and the other one as a comparator.
The comparator models are denoted with the word
"COMP" after the name of the model. For example, the
model MCP6031 should be used for op amp in linear
applications and another model MCP6031COMP
should be used for comparator applications.
DS01297A-page 1
AN1297
Using The Op Amp SPICE Macro Models
SIMULATOR COMPATIBILITY
Microchip’s op amp SPICE macro models are provided
in netlist format. This is useful for simulating the models
in a number of different simulators. Please refer to your
simulator software reference manual on how to create
a schematic symbol and relating a netlist to the symbol.
All SPICE simulation schematic tools are different in
their creation of a schematic symbol and relating it to
the library file.
The original SPICE code, also known as “Berkeley
SPICE”, was written by the University of California at
Berkeley. There are many other SPICE simulators,
which have taken this code by Berkeley and modified
to their own use. They have either modified the syntax
structure, usually allowing more features, and/or
modified the convergence algorithm to speed up the
simulation and improve convergence. Out of all these
simulators, PSPICE by Cadence is one of the most
widely accepted general purpose circuit simulators and
many SPICE vendors have included options to be
“PSPICE compatible”. However being compatible does
not remove the possibility of syntax errors or
convergence issues existing between SPICE and
PSPICE simulators.
The op amp model is in sub circuit format. An example
of this sub-circuit can be found in Figure 1.
.SUBCKT MCP6241 1 2 3 4 5
*
| | | | |
*
| | | | Output
*
| | | Negative Supply
*
| | Positive Supply
*
| Inverting Input
*
Non-inverting input
.
... (Rest of MCP6241 Netlist)
.ENDS MCP6241
FIGURE 1:
MCP6241 Sub Circuit.
This model has five nodes: Non-inverting Input,
Inverting Input, Positive Supply, Negative Supply and
Output that correspond to the appropriate pins of the
MCP6241 op amp.
The op amp model is self contained and requires no
other models or libraries to run. Figure 2 shows how to
call the op amp sub circuit from a netlist.
It was found that in most cases these “PSPICE
compatible” simulators could not fully read in a PSPICE
netlist without a syntax error. Worst case is when the
simulators read in a PSPICE netlist and run it with no
error but the results are not correct. This is due to one
of the commands not being interpreted correctly and
therefore the simulator gives false results. The
following are issues that have been seen with so called
"PSPICE compatible" simulators:
•
•
•
•
•
.LIB "./mcp6241.lib"
.TRAN 0 100us 0 0.1us
.PROBE V(*) I(*)
R_RG
0 2 10k
R_RL
0 OUT {RL}
C_CL
0 OUT {CL}
V_VDD
3 0 {VDD}
V_VSS
0 4 {VDD}
V_VIN
IN 0
+PULSE -2.25 2.25 10u 1p 1p 50u 100u
R_RP
IN 1 10k
R_RF
2 5 {RF}
R_RZ
5 OUT 1m
XOPA 1 2 3 4 5 MCP6241
.PARAM VDD=2.5 RF=1 CL=60p RL=10k
.END
•
•
•
Not being able to recognize TABLE syntax
Limited by the number of TABLE commands
Not being able to recognize math formula syntax
Not being able to recognize TCE syntax for
resistors
Commands such as TCE are accepted but does
not function and gives no error
PSPICE adds a resistor to every node to ground
but most simulators do not have this feature
resulting in convergence issues or different
behavior
MOSFET levels above 3 are not equivalent
Convergence controls such as tolerance and
maximum/minimum step size not the equivalent
FIGURE 2:
Calling Op Amp Sub Circuit
From Main Circuit Netlist.
In the above netlist, “XOPA” is the call statement for the
op amp model MCP6241. The statement
.LIB "./ mcp6241.LIB" calls out a file "MCP6241.LIB"
which contains the MCP6241 netlist. No other library of
parts are required.
DS01297A-page 2
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
CONVERGENCE ISSUES
For most simple circuits with short circuit simulation
times, the default settings are sufficient as shown in
Figure 3.
Complex circuits that have large voltages, currents, or
long circuit simulation time, may result in convergence
issues. These convergence issues could be caused by
the op amp model, the external circuitry, or the
simulators’ default convergence parameters. Typically
the default convergence parameters for PSPICE are
set for certain types of circuits. The following are some
helpful hints in fixing these convergence problems if
encountered.
First change the following parameters. These do not
hurt convergence and can only help.
• Increase the ITL1, ITL2, and ITL4 parameters to
1000. This allows the simulator to try smaller
steps allowing for a better chance at converging
• Check the “Use GMIN stepping to improve
convergence” option if it is available. This will vary
the GMIN parameter which is inversely
proportional to the resistance the simulator adds
to each node
If the convergence is still an issue, RELTOL, VNTOL,
ABSTOL, and CHGTOL parameters can be changed.
However, adjusting these parameters can either help or
hurt the convergence. It is recommended that the
following steps be tried one at a time. If the adjustment
does not fix the convergence issue, set it back to the
default setting before changing the other parameters.
FIGURE 3:
• Increase the RELTOL parameter to 0.01. This
increases the dynamic range of the step size. It is
required for circuits that are switching in
nanoseconds yet the simulation time is
microseconds or higher. This will help the
simulator take smaller steps when needed. Going
above 0.1 will cause the solutions to be unstable
and erroneous results given
• Increase the tolerance parameters such as
VNTOL, ABSTOL, and CHGTOL by a factor of
10x with a maximum factor of 100x. For better
convergence, increase all of the parameters by
the same amount. These parameters set the
tolerance on the simulator for solving equations.
As an example, in IC’s the current can be in µA,
but if simulating a switching power supply the
currents can be in amps and trying to resolve the
currents that are less than 1 µA makes it quite
difficult for the simulator
• Configure the simulator to skip the bias point
calculation or do not use the initial conditions.
Sometimes forcing a condition can cause the
simulator to not find the correct solution for the
whole circuit
• Adjust the maximum step size to a smaller value.
This will force the simulator to take smaller steps,
but it may take significantly longer to run.
Default PSPICE Settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS01297A-page 3
AN1297
Convergence between different simulators is always an
issue. Each simulator's "claim to fame" is that it can
converge better and quicker than the other. They may
have better convergence but it is usually on specific
types of circuits so it may or may not be better with the
op amp model. For example, one simulator may work
well with switching power supply circuits that are
simplified but not detailed models of linear circuits. The
best way to resolve this issue is to compare the
different settings for the options such as RELTOL,
VNTOL and so forth. In some cases, not all the
convergence controls are accessible. In cases such as
this, you may need to place small capacitors (1-10 pF),
across GTABLES set up as ideal diodes or current
limits and actual diode models. If available, you can try
the CSHUNT command which adds a capacitor from
each node to ground in the circuit. Do not exceed 10 pF
because it may start to effect the op amp model
characteristics.
DS01297A-page 4
One issue to watch for is the GMIN parameter with
PSPICE and some other simulators. The input
resistances on some of the models are as high as
20 x 1012Ω. This equates to a conductance as low as
5 x 10-14 mhos. The default GMIN setting is 1 x 10-12
mhos, which is like putting a 1 x 1012Ω resistor on
every node to ground. This will decrease the input
resistance and effect currents and impedance
measurements. If the simulation circuit relies on the
input impedances being as high as 20 x 1012Ω, then it
is recommended setting GMIN to a conductance less
than 5 x 10-16 mhos so it will only effect the simulation
by 1%. Designers may also need to tighten the relative
tolerances to improve accuracy. If GMIN is not
available in the simulator, then most likely it does not
add a resistor to ground at every node and this will not
affect the input impedance.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
Large Signal Response
The following examples show various application
circuits where the op amp models can be used. These
examples give an idea on how to test some of the op
amp parameters and how to set up the simulator. All
examples are based on MCP6241 model and use the
default Options control shown in Figure 3.
The following is an example of a large signal response
of the op amp. A pulse is applied to the input and the
output is examined.
Large Signal Pulse Response
Transient Analysis
V(OUT)
RP
IN
10 kΩ
VDD
(VDD)
VSS
(VDD)
VIN
0
V1 = -2.25V
V2 = 2.25V
TF = 1 pF
TD = 10 uF
TR = 1 pF
PW = 50 uF
PER = 100 uf
3
1
.inc dut.inc
to add op amp
2 under test
4
RG
RF
10 kΩ
(RF)
0
FIGURE 4:
Large Signal Response Circuit.
FIGURE 5:
Large Signal Simulation Settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
5
RZ
OUT
1 mΩ
RL
(RL)
0
CL
(CL)
0
Parameters:
VDD = 2.5V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 60 pF
RF = 1Ω
DS01297A-page 5
AN1297
FIGURE 6:
DS01297A-page 6
Large Signal Response Waveforms.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
Small Signal Response
The following is an example of a small signal AC
response of the op amp. An AC voltage source is
applied to the input and output is examined.
The figures below show how to perform a small signal
AC analysis on the circuit.
AC Loop
AC Analysis
DB(V(OUT)/V(IN))
P(V(OUT)/V(IN))
RP
1 mΩ
VDD
(VDD)
3
1
RN
IN
VSS
(VDD)
0
.inc dut.inc
to add op amp
2 under test
5
1 mΩ
1Vac
0Vdc
RG
11
1 MΩ
4
V1
12
RF
(RF)
0
FIGURE 7:
Small Signal AC Response Circuit.
FIGURE 8:
Small Signal AC Simulation Settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
OUT
RL
(RL)
C1
(CL)
0
0
Parameters:
VDD = 2.75V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 60 pF
RF = 1 MΩ
DS01297A-page 7
AN1297
FIGURE 9:
DS01297A-page 8
Small Signal AC Response Waveforms.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
Output Short Circuit Current vs.
Power Supply Voltage
This was done at -40°C, +25°C, +85°C and +125°C.
The figures below show how to perform sweeps with
voltage and temperature on the circuit.
The following is an example of output short circuit
current as a function of VDD, the supply voltage.
3
INP
RP
Short Circuit Current
DC Analysis
I(VL)
1
2.5 kΩ
VDD
(VDD)
VP
0.1
.inc dut.inc
to add op amp
under test
VSS
(VDD)
0
5
RL
1 mΩ
VN
0
INN
RG
5 kΩ
2
CL
60 pF
VL
0
RF
5 kΩ
0
Parameters:
VDD = 2.75V
4
FIGURE 10:
Output Short Circuit Current Circuit.
FIGURE 11:
Output Short Circuit Current Simulation Primary Sweep Settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS01297A-page 9
AN1297
FIGURE 12:
Output Short Circuit Current Simulation Temperature Sweep Settings.
FIGURE 13:
Output Short Circuit Current vs. Power Supply Voltage Waveforms.
DS01297A-page 10
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
Input Noise Voltage Density vs.
Frequency
This was done at -40°C, +27°C and +125°C. The
figures below show how to perform a Noise analysis on
the circuit.
The following is an example of the noise generated
from the op amp as a function of frequency.
3
VP
1Vac
0
VDD
(VDD)
VNOISE
AC Analysis With Noise
eni = V(ONOISE), unit: V/rtHz
since G = +1 V/V
10 kΩ - no noise
1
RP + G
GAIN = 100µ
.inc dut.inc
to add op amp
under test
5
0
VSS
(VDD)
CF
RG
0.5 pF
2
1 TΩ
0
RF + G
GAIN = 1
1Ω - no noise
FIGURE 14:
Noise Voltage Density Circuit.
FIGURE 15:
Noise AC Sweep Settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
4
R1
(RL)
C1
(CL)
0
0
Parameters:
VDD = 2.75V
RL = 10 kW
CL = .60 pF
DS01297A-page 11
AN1297
FIGURE 16:
Noise Temperature Sweep Settings.
FIGURE 17:
Input Noise Voltage Density vs. Frequency Waveforms
The complete SPICE macro models netlist for the
simulated MCP6241 in the practical example can be
found in Appendix A: “MCP6241 SPICE Macro
Model Netlist”.
DS01297A-page 12
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
Software License Agreement
The software supplied herewith by Microchip Technology Incorporated (the “Company”) is intended and supplied to you, the
Company’s customer, for use solely and exclusively with products manufactured by the Company.
The software is owned by the Company and/or its supplier, and is protected under applicable copyright laws. All rights are reserved.
Any use in violation of the foregoing restrictions may subject the user to criminal sanctions under applicable laws, as well as to civil
liability for the breach of the terms and conditions of this license.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED IN AN “AS IS” CONDITION. NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE APPLY TO THIS SOFTWARE. THE COMPANY SHALL NOT, IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, BE LIABLE FOR
SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, FOR ANY REASON WHATSOEVER.
APPENDIX A:
MCP6241 SPICE MACRO MODEL NETLIST
.SUBCKT MCP6241 1 2 3 4 5
*
| | | | |
*
| | | | Output
*
| | | Negative Supply
*
| | Positive Supply
*
| Inverting Input
*
Non-inverting Input
*
********************************************************************************
* Software License Agreement
*
*
*
* The software supplied herewith by Microchip Technology Incorporated (the
*
* 'Company') is intended and supplied to you, the Company's customer, for use *
* soley and exclusively on Microchip products.
*
*
*
* The software is owned by the Company and/or its supplier, and is protected
*
* under applicable copyright laws. All rights are reserved. Any use in
*
* violation of the foregoing restrictions may subject the user to criminal
*
* sanctions under applicable laws, as well as to civil liability for the
*
* breach of the terms and conditions of this license.
*
*
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED IN AN 'AS IS' CONDITION. NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER
*
* EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED
*
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE APPLY TO *
* THIS SOFTWARE. THE COMPANY SHALL NOT, IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, BE LIABLE FOR
*
* SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, FOR ANY REASON WHATSOEVER.
*
********************************************************************************
*
* The following op-amps are covered by this model:
*
MCP6241,MCP6242,MCP6244
*
* Revision History:
*
REV A: 21-Aug-06, Created model
*
REV B: 27-Jul-07, Updated output impedance for better model stability w/cap load
*
* Recommendations:
*
Use PSPICE (other simulators may require translation)
*
For a quick, effective design, use a combination of: data sheet
*
specs, bench testing, and simulations with this macromodel
*
For high impedance circuits, set GMIN=100F in the .OPTIONS statement
*
* Supported:
*
Typical performance for temperature range (-40 to 125) degrees Celsius
*
DC, AC, Transient, and Noise analyses.
*
Most specs, including: offsets, DC PSRR, DC CMRR, input impedance,
*
open loop gain, voltage ranges, supply current, ... , etc.
*
Temperature effects for Ibias, Iquiescent, Iout short circuit
*
current, Vsat on both rails, Slew Rate vs. Temp and P.S.
*
* Not Supported:
*
Some Variation in specs vs. Power Supply Voltage
*
Monte Carlo (Vos, Ib), Process variation
*
Distortion (detailed non-linear behavior)
*
Behavior outside normal operating region
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS01297A-page 13
AN1297
*
* Input Stage
V10 3 10 -500M
R10 10 11 6.90K
R11 10 12 6.90K
C11 11 12 7.20P
C12 1 0 6.00P
E12 71 14 POLY(4) 20 0 21 0 26 0 27 0
5.00M 34.9 34.9 1 1
G12 1 0 62 0 1m
M12 11 14 15 15 NMI
M14 12 2 15 15 NMI
G14 2 0 62 0 1m
C14 2 0 6.00P
I15 15 4 50.0U
V16 16 4 -300M
GD16 16 1 TABLE {V(16,1)} ((-100,-1p)(0,0)(1m,1u)(2m,1m))
V13 3 13 -300M
GD13 2 13 TABLE {V(2,13)} ((-100,-1p)(0,0)(1m,1u)(2m,1m))
R71 1 0 20.0E12
R72 2 0 20.0E12
R73 1 2 20.0E12
I80 1 2 500E-15
*
* Noise, PSRR, and CMRR
I20 21 20 423U
D20 20 0 DN1
D21 0 21 DN1
G26 0 26 POLY(2) 3 0 4 0
0.00 -158U -3U
R26 26 0 1
G27 0 27 POLY(2) 1 0 2 0 -776U 35.5U 35.5U
R27 27 0 1
*
* Open Loop Gain, Slew Rate
G30 0 30 12 11 1
R30 30 0 1.00K
C30 30 0 10p
G31 0 31 3 4 2
I31 0 31 DC 65
R31 31 0 1 TC=3.67M,5.32U
GD31 30 0 TABLE {V(30,31)} ((-100,-1u)(0,0)(1m,.1)(2m,2))
G32 32 0 3 4 -1.9
I32 32 0 DC 105
R32 32 0 1 TC=3.43M,4.42U
GD32 0 30 TABLE {V(30,32)} ((-2m,2)(-1m,.1)(0,0)(100,1u))
G33 0 33 30 0 1m
R33 33 0 1K
G34 0 34 33 0 316M
R34 34 0 1K
C34 34 0 81.8U
G37 0 37 34 0 1m
R37 37 0 1K
C37 37 0 22.7P
G38 0 38 37 0 1m
R38 39 0 1K
L38 38 39 26.5U
E38 35 0 38 0 1
G35 33 0 TABLE {V(35,3)} ((-1,-1n)(0,0)(48,1n))(49,1))
G36 33 0 TABLE {V(35,4)} ((-49,-1)((-48,-1n)(0,0)(1,1n))
*
* Output Stage
R80 50 0 100MEG
G50 0 50 57 96 2
R58 57 96 0.50
R57 57 0 1650
C58 5 0 2.00P
G57 0 57 POLY(3) 3 0 4 0 35 0
0 0.21M 0.21M 0.6M
GD55 55 57 TABLE {V(55,57)} ((-2m,-1)(-1m,-1m)(0,0)(10,1n))
GD56 57 56 TABLE {V(57,56)} ((-2m,-1)(-1m,-1m)(0,0)(10,1n))
E55 55 0 POLY(2) 3 0 51 0 -0.85M 1 -51.0M
E56 56 0 POLY(2) 4 0 52 0 1.33M 1 -42.0M
R51 51 0 1k
R52 52 0 1k
DS01297A-page 14
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN1297
GD51 50 51 TABLE {V(50,51)} ((-10,-1n)(0,0)(1m,1m)(2m,1))
GD52 50 52 TABLE {V(50,52)} ((-2m,-1)(-1m,-1m)(0,0)(10,1n))
G53 3 0 POLY(1) 51 0 -50.0U 1M
G54 0 4 POLY(1) 52 0 -50.0U -1M
*
* Current Limit
G99 96 5 99 0 1
R98 0 98 1 TC=-1.92M,-7.58U
G97 0 98 TABLE { V(96,5) } ((-11.0,-21.0M)(-1.00M,-20.7M)(0,0)(1.00M,20.7M)(11.0,21.0M))
E97 99 0 VALUE { V(98)*((V(3)-V(4))*166M + 416M)}
D98 4 5 DESD
D99 5 3 DESD
*
* Temperature / Voltage Sensitive IQuiscent
R61 0 61 1 TC=3.14M,7.28U
G61 3 4 61 0 1
G60 0 61 TABLE {V(3, 4)}
+ ((0,0)(750M,450N)(800M,1.00U)(900M,4.00U)
+ (1.2,41.0U)(1.4,45.0U)(5.5,46.0U))
*
* Temperature Sensistive offset voltage
I73 0 70 DC 1uA
R74 0 70 1 TC=3.00U
E75 1 71 70 0 1
*
* Temp Sensistive IBias
I62 0 62 DC 1uA
R62 0 62 REXP 55.78U
*
* Models
.MODEL NMI NMOS(L=2.00U W=42.0U KP=20.0U LEVEL=1 )
.MODEL DESD D
N=1 IS=1.00E-15
.MODEL DN1 D
IS=1P KF=146E-18 AF=1
.MODEL REXP RES TCE=10.14
.ENDS MCP6241
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS01297A-page 15
AN1297
NOTES:
DS01297A-page 16
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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•
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Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
PICtail, PIC32 logo, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total
Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA
are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2009, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS01297A-page 17
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
ASIA/PACIFIC
ASIA/PACIFIC
EUROPE
Corporate Office
2355 West Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Tel: 480-792-7200
Fax: 480-792-7277
Technical Support:
http://support.microchip.com
Web Address:
www.microchip.com
Asia Pacific Office
Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor
Tower 6, The Gateway
Harbour City, Kowloon
Hong Kong
Tel: 852-2401-1200
Fax: 852-2401-3431
India - Bangalore
Tel: 91-80-3090-4444
Fax: 91-80-3090-4080
India - New Delhi
Tel: 91-11-4160-8631
Fax: 91-11-4160-8632
Austria - Wels
Tel: 43-7242-2244-39
Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
Denmark - Copenhagen
Tel: 45-4450-2828
Fax: 45-4485-2829
India - Pune
Tel: 91-20-2566-1512
Fax: 91-20-2566-1513
France - Paris
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Japan - Yokohama
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166
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Germany - Munich
Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
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Atlanta
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Tel: 678-957-9614
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Boston
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Tel: 774-760-0087
Fax: 774-760-0088
Chicago
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Tel: 630-285-0071
Fax: 630-285-0075
Cleveland
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Fax: 216-447-0643
Dallas
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Detroit
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Tel: 248-538-2250
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Tel: 949-462-9523
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Toronto
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Canada
Tel: 905-673-0699
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Australia - Sydney
Tel: 61-2-9868-6733
Fax: 61-2-9868-6755
China - Beijing
Tel: 86-10-8528-2100
Fax: 86-10-8528-2104
China - Chengdu
Tel: 86-28-8665-5511
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Korea - Daegu
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China - Hong Kong SAR
Tel: 852-2401-1200
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Korea - Seoul
Tel: 82-2-554-7200
Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or
82-2-558-5934
China - Nanjing
Tel: 86-25-8473-2460
Fax: 86-25-8473-2470
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 60-3-6201-9857
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China - Qingdao
Tel: 86-532-8502-7355
Fax: 86-532-8502-7205
Malaysia - Penang
Tel: 60-4-227-8870
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Tel: 86-21-5407-5533
Fax: 86-21-5407-5066
Philippines - Manila
Tel: 63-2-634-9065
Fax: 63-2-634-9069
China - Shenyang
Tel: 86-24-2334-2829
Fax: 86-24-2334-2393
Singapore
Tel: 65-6334-8870
Fax: 65-6334-8850
China - Shenzhen
Tel: 86-755-8203-2660
Fax: 86-755-8203-1760
Taiwan - Hsin Chu
Tel: 886-3-6578-300
Fax: 886-3-6578-370
China - Wuhan
Tel: 86-27-5980-5300
Fax: 86-27-5980-5118
Taiwan - Kaohsiung
Tel: 886-7-536-4818
Fax: 886-7-536-4803
China - Xiamen
Tel: 86-592-2388138
Fax: 86-592-2388130
Taiwan - Taipei
Tel: 886-2-2500-6610
Fax: 886-2-2508-0102
China - Xian
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252
Fax: 86-29-8833-7256
Thailand - Bangkok
Tel: 66-2-694-1351
Fax: 66-2-694-1350
Italy - Milan
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781
Netherlands - Drunen
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
Spain - Madrid
Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
UK - Wokingham
Tel: 44-118-921-5869
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
China - Zhuhai
Tel: 86-756-3210040
Fax: 86-756-3210049
03/26/09
DS01297A-page 18
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.