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SIL
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1-888-
ICM7170
®
Microprocessor-Compatible,
Real-Time Clock
November 2003
FN3019.6
Features
The ICM7170 real time clock is a microprocessor bus
compatible peripheral, fabricated using Intersil’s silicon gate
CMOS LSl process. An 8-bit bidirectional bus is used for the
data I/O circuitry. The clock is set or read by accessing the 8
internal separately addressable and programmable counters
from 1/100 seconds to years. The counters are controlled by
a pulse train divided down from a crystal oscillator circuit,
and the frequency of the crystal is selectable with the
on-chip command register. An extremely stable oscillator
frequency is achieved through the use of an on-chip
regulated power supply.
The device access time (tACC) of 300ns eliminates the need
for wait states or software overhead with most
microprocessors. Furthermore, an ALE (Address Latch
Enable) input is provided for interfacing to microprocessors
with a multiplexed address/data bus. With these two special
features, the ICM7170 can be easily interfaced to any
available microprocessor.
The ICM7170 generates two types of interrupts, periodic and
alarm. The periodic interrupt (100Hz, 10Hz, etc.) can be
programmed by the internal interrupt control register to
provide 6 different output signals. The alarm interrupt is set
by loading an on-chip 51-bit RAM that activates an interrupt
output through a comparator. The alarm interrupt occurs
when the real time counter and alarm RAM time are equal. A
status register is available to indicate the interrupt source.
An on-chip Power Down Detector eliminates the need for
external components to support the battery back-up
function. When a power down or power failure occurs,
internal logic switches the on-chip counters to battery backup operation. Read/write functions become disabled and
operation is limited to time-keeping and interrupt generation,
resulting in low power consumption.
Internal latches prevent clock roll-over during a read cycle.
Counter data is latched on the chip by reading the
100th-seconds counter and is held indefinitely until the
counter is read again, assuring a stable and reliable time
value.
• 8-Bit, µP Bus Compatible
- Multiplexed or Direct Addressing
• Regulated Oscillator Supply Ensures Frequency Stability
and Low Power
• Time From 1/100 Seconds to 99 Years
• Software Selectable 12/24 Hour Format
• Latched Time Data Ensures No Roll Over During Read
• Full Calendar with Automatic Leap Year Correction
• On-Chip Battery Backup Switchover Circuit
• Access Time Less than 300ns
• 4 Programmable Crystal Oscillator Frequencies Over
Industrial Temperature Range
• 3 Programmable Crystal Oscillator Frequencies Over
Military Temperature Range
• On-Chip Alarm Comparator and RAM
• Interrupts from Alarm and 6 Selectable Periodic Intervals
• Standby Micro-Power Operation: 1.2µA Typical at 3.0V
and 32kHz Crystal
Applications
• Portable and Personal Computers
• Data Logging
• Industrial Control Systems
• Point Of Sale
Related Literature
• Technical Brief TB363 “Guidelines for Handling and
Processing Moisture Sensitive Surface Mount Devices
(SMDs)”
Part Number Information
PART NUMBER
TEMP. RANGE
(oC)
PACKAGE
PKG.
NO.
ICM7170IPG
-40× to 85×
24 Ld PDIP
E24.6
ICM7170IBG
-40× to 85×
24 Ld SOIC
M24.3
ICM7170AIPG
-40× to 85×
24 Ld PDIP
E24.6
ICM7170AIBG
-40× to 85×
24 Ld SOIC
M24.3
NOTE: “A” Parts Screened to <5µA ISTBY at 32kHz.
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2003. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ICM7170
Pinouts
ICM7170 (PDIP)
TOP VIEW
ICM7170 (SOIC)
TOP VIEW
WR 1
24 RD
A1 1
24 A2
ALE 2
23 VDD
A0 2
23 A3
OSC OUT 3
22 A4
21 CS
CS 3
22 D7
A4 4
21 D6
OSC IN 4
A3 5
20 D5
INT SOURCE 5
A2 6
19 D4
INT 6
19 WR
A1 7
18 D3
VSS 7
18 RD
A0 8
17 D2
VBACKUP 8
OSC OUT 9
16 D1
D0 9
16 D7
OSC IN 10
15 D0
D1 10
15 D6
INT SOURCE 11
14 VBACKUP
D2 11
14 D5
INTERRUPT 12
13 VSS (GND)
D3 12
13 D4
20 ALE
17 VDD
Functional Block Diagram
OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL
OSC
OUT
9
OSC
IN
10
INTERRUPTS
RD
WR
ALE
CS
LOW
POWER
OSC
24
1
2
3
µP
COMPARE
PERIODIC
12
INT
CONTROL
INT
11 SOURCE
TIME COUNTERS
0.01
VDD
VBACKUP
VSS
SEC
MIN
HOUR
DAY
DATE
MON
YEAR
23
14
13
POWER
SUPPLY
CONTROL
8
THREE-STATE
I/O
DRIVERS
8-BIT BUS
8
15 - 22
8
ADDRESS
INPUTS
A0 - A4
5
ADDRESS
LATCHES
0.01
8-4
SEC
MIN
HOUR
DAY
DATE
COMPARE RAM
2
MON
YEAR
CMD
REG
STATUS
REG
INTER
MASK
REG
DATA I/O
D0 - D7
ICM7170
Absolute Maximum Ratings TA = 25oC
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +8.0V
Power Dissipation (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500mW
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to 150oC
Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300oC
Input Voltage (Any Terminal) (Note 2) . . . . VDD +0.3V to VSS -0.3V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1)
θJA (oC/W)
θJC (oC/W)
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
N/A
SOIC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
N/A
Maximum Junction Temperature
Plastic Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE:
1. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a low effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
2. Due to the SCR structure inherent in the CMOS process, connecting any terminal at voltages greater than VDD or less than VSS may cause destructive
device latchup. For this reason, it is recommended that no inputs from external sources not operating on the same power supply be applied to the
device before its supply is established, and that in multiple supply systems, the supply to the ICM7170 be turned on first.
TA = -40oC to 85oC, VDD +5V ±10%, VBACKUP VDD , VSS = 0V Unless Otherwise Specified
All IDD specifications include all input and output leakages (ICM7170 and ICM7170A)
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
VDD Supply Range, VDD
Standby Current, ISTBY(1)
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
fOSC = 32kHz
1.9
-
5.5
V
fOSC = 1, 2, 4MHz
2.6
-
5.5
V
fOSC = 32kHz
Pins 1 - 8,15 - 22 and 24 = VDD
ICM7170
-
1.2
20.0
µA
VDD = VSS ; VBACKUP = VDD - 3.0V
For ICM7170A See General Notes 5
ICM7170A
-
1.2
5.0
µA
Standby Current, ISTBY(2)
fOSC = 4MHz Pins 1 - 8,15 - 22 and 24 = VDD
VDD = VSS ; VBACKUP = VDD - 3.0V
-
20
150
µA
Operating Supply Current, IDD(1)
fOSC = 32kHz, Read/Write Operation at 100Hz
-
0.3
1.2
mA
Operating Supply Current, IDD(2)
fOSC = 32kHz, Read/Write Operation at 1MHz
-
1.0
2.0
mA
Input Low Voltage (Except Osc.), VIL
VDD = 5.0V
-
-
0.8
V
Input High Voltage (Except Osc.), VIH
VDD = 5.0V
2.4
-
-
V
Output Low Voltage (Except Osc.), VOL
IOL = 1.6mA
-
-
0.4
V
Output High Voltage Except
INTERRUPT (Except Osc.), VOH
IOH = -400µA
2.4
-
-
V
Input Leakage Current, IIL
VIN = VDD or VSS
-10
0.5
+10
µA
Three-State Leakage Current
(D0 - D7), IOL(1)
VO = VDD or VSS
-10
0.5
+10
µA
Backup Battery Voltage, VBATTERY
fOSC = 1, 2, 4MHz
2.6
-
VDD - 1.3
V
Backup Battery Voltage, VBATTERY
fOSC = 32kHz
1.9
-
VDD - 1.3
V
Leakage Current INTERRUPT, IOL(2)
VO = VDD
-
0.5
10
µA
Capacitance D0 - D7, CI/O
-
8
-
pF
Capacitance A0 - A4, CADDRESS
-
6
-
pF
3
INT SOURCE
Connected to VSS
ICM7170
AC Electrical Specifications
TA = -40oC to 85oC, VDD = +5V ± 10%, VBACKUP = VDD ,
D0 - D7 Load Capacitance = 150pF, VIL = 0.4V, VlH = 2.8V, Unless Otherwise Specified
PARAMETER
MIN
MAX
UNITS
READ to DATA Valid, tRD
-
250
ns
ADDRESS Valid to DATA Valid, tACC
-
300
ns
READ Cycle Time, tCYC
400
-
ns
Read High Time, tRH
150
-
ns
-
25
ns
ADDRESS to READ Set Up Time, tAS
50
-
ns
ADDRESS HOLD Time After READ, tAR
0
-
ns
ADDRESS Valid to WRITE Strobe, tAD
50
-
ns
ADDRESS Hold Time for WRITE, tWA
0
-
ns
WRITE Pulse Width, Low, tWL
100
-
ns
WRITE High Time, tWH
300
-
ns
DATA IN to WRITE Set Up Time, tDW
100
-
ns
DATA IN Hold Time After WRITE, tWD
30
-
ns
WRITE Cycle Time, tCYC
400
-
ns
ALE Pulse Width, High, tLL
50
-
ns
ADDRESS to ALE Set Up Time, tAL
30
-
ns
ADDRESS Hold Time After ALE, tLA
30
-
ns
READ CYCLE TIMING
RD High to Bus Three-State, tRH
WRITE CYCLE TIMING
MULTIPLEXED MODE TIMING
Timing Diagrams
ADDRESS VALID, CS LOW
A0 - A4, CS
tAS
tAR
tCYC
RD
tRD
D0 - D7
OUTPUT DATA VALID
tACC
tRX
FIGURE 1. READ CYCLE TIMING FOR NON-MULTIPLEXED BUS (ALE = VIH , WR = VIH)
4
ICM7170
Timing Diagrams
(Continued)
A0 - A4, CS
ADDRESS VALID, CS LOW
tAD
tWA
tCYC
tWL
WR
tDW
D0 - D7
tWD
INPUT DATA VALID
FIGURE 2. WRITE CYCLE TIMING FOR NON-MULTIPLEXED BUS (ALE = VIH , RD = VIH)
ADDRESS VALID, CS LOW
A0 - A4, D0 - D7, CS
OUTPUT DATA VALID
tLA
tLL
tAR
tACC
ALE
tAL
tCYC
RD
tAS
tRD
FIGURE 3. READ CYCLE TIMING FOR MULTIPLEXED BUS (WR = VIH)
ADDRESS VALID, CS LOW
A0 - A4, D0 - D7, CS
INPUT DATA VALID
tLA
tDW
tWD
tLL
tWA
ALE
tAL
tAD
tCYC
tWL
WR
FIGURE 4. WRITE CYCLE TIMING FOR MULTIPLEXED BUS (RD = VIH)
5
ICM7170
Pin Descriptions
SIGNAL
PIN NUMBER
SOIC PIN NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
WR
1
19
Write Input
ALE
2
20
Address Latch Enable Input
Chip Select Input
CS
3
21
4-8
22 - 2
OSC OUT
9
3
Oscillator Output
OSC IN
10
4
Oscillator Input
INT SOURCE
11
5
Interrupt Source
INTERRUPT
12
6
Interrupt Output
VSS (GND)
13
7
Digital Common
VBACKUP
14
8
Battery Negative Side
A4-A0
D0 - D7
Address Inputs
15 - 22
9 - 16
VDD
23
17
Data I/O
Positive Digital Supply
RD
24
18
Read Input
TABLE 1. COMMAND REGISTER FORMAT
COMMAND REGISTER ADDRESS (10001b, 11h) WRITE-ONLY
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
n/a
n/a
Normal/Test
Mode
Interrupt
Enable
Run/Stop
12/24 Hour
Format
Crystal
Frequency
Crystal
Frequency
TABLE 2. COMMAND REGISTER BIT ASSIGNMENTS
D5
TEST BIT
D4
INTERRUPT
ENABLE
D3
RUN/STOP
D2
24/12 HOUR
FORMAT
D1
D0
CRYSTAL
FREQUENCY
0
Normal Mode
0
Interrupt disabled
0
Stop
0
12-Hour Mode
0
0
32.768kHz
1
Test Mode
1
Interrupt enable
1
Run
1
24-Hour Mode
0
1
1.048576MHZ
1
0
2.097152MHz
1
1
4.194304MHz
TABLE 3. ADDRESS CODES AND FUNCTIONS
ADDRESS
DATA
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
HEX
FUNCTION
D6
D5
0
0
0
0
0
00
Counter-1/100 seconds
-
0
0
0
0
1
01
Counter-hours
-
-
-
0
0
0
1
0
02
12 Hour Mode
†
-
-
Counter-minutes
-
-
0
0
0
1
1
03
0
0
1
0
0
04
Counter-seconds
-
-
Counter-month
-
-
-
0
0
1
0
1
05
Counter-date
-
-
-
0
0
1
1
0
06
Counter-year
-
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
07
Counter-day of week
-
0
0
08
RAM-1/100 seconds
M
0
1
0
0
1
09
RAM-hours
-
M
-
†
M
-
-
1 - 12
12 Hour Mode
D7
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
VALUE
0 - 99
0 - 23
-
1 - 12
0 - 59
0 - 59
-
1 - 12
1 - 31
0 - 99
-
-
-
-
0-6
0 - 99
0 - 23
0
1
0
1
0
0A
RAM-minutes
M
-
.
.
0 - 59
0
1
0
1
1
0B
RAM-seconds
M
-
.
.
0 - 59
0
1
1
0
0
0C
RAM-month
M
-
-
-
1 - 12
0
1
1
0
1
0D
RAM-date
M
-
-
0
1
1
1
0
0E
RAM-year
M
6
1 - 31
0 - 99
ICM7170
TABLE 3. ADDRESS CODES AND FUNCTIONS (Continued)
ADDRESS
DATA
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
HEX
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
0
1
1
1
1
0F
RAM-day of week
FUNCTION
M
-
-
-
-
1
0
0
0
0
10
Interrupt Status and Mask
Register
+
1
0
0
0
1
11
Command register
-
D2
D1
D0
VALUE
0-6
-
NOTES:
Addresses 10010 to 11111 (12h to 1Fh) are unused.
‘+’ Unused bit for interrupt Mask Register, MSB bit for interrupt Status Register.
‘-’ Indicates unused bits.
‘†’ AM/PM indicator bit in 12 hour format Logic “0” indicates AM, logic “1” indicates PM.
‘M’ Alarm compare for particular counter will be enabled if bit is set to logic “0”.
TABLE 4. INTERRUPT AND STATUS REGISTERS FORMAT
INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER ADDRESS (10000b, 10h) WRITE-ONLY
D7
D6
D5
NOT USED
DAY
HOUR
←
D4
D3
D2
D1
MIN
SEC
1/10 SEC
1/100 SEC
ALARM
→
Alarm/Compare Mask Bit
Periodic Interrupt Mask Bits
D0
INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER ADDRESS (10000b, 10h) READ-ONLY
D7
D6
D5
GLOBAL INTERRUPT
DAY
HOUR
←
Periodic and Alarm Flags
D4
D3
D2
D1
MIN
SEC
1/10 SEC
1/100 SEC
ALARM
→
Alarm Compare Flag
Periodic Interrupt Flags
Detailed Description
Oscillator
The ICM7170 has an onboard CMOS Pierce oscillator with an
internally regulated voltage supply for maximum accuracy,
stability, and low power consumption. It operates at any of
four popular crystal frequencies: 32.768kHz, 1.046576MHz,
2.097152MHz, and 4.194304MHz (Note 1). The crystal
should be designed for the parallel resonant mode of
oscillation. In addition to the crystal, 2 or 3 load capacitors are
required, depending on the circuit topology used.
The oscillator output is divided down to 4000Hz by one of
four divider ratios, determined by the two frequency
selection bits in the Command Register (D0 and D1 at
address 11H). This 4000Hz is then divided down to 100Hz,
which is used as the clock for the counters.
Time and calendar information is provided by 8 consecutive,
programmable counters: 100ths of, seconds, minutes,
hours, day of week, date, month, and year. The data is in
binary format with 8 bits per digit. See Table 3 for address
information. Any unused bits are held to a logic “0” during a
read and ignored during a write operation.
NOTE:
1. 4.94304MHz is not available over military temperature range.
Alarm Compare RAM
On the chip are 51 bits of Alarm Compare RAM grouped into
words of different lengths. These are used to store the time,
ranging from 10ths of seconds to years, for comparison to the
real-time counters. Each counter has a corresponding RAM
7
D0
word. In the Alarm Mode an interrupt is generated when the
current time is equal to the alarm time. The RAM contents are
compared to the counters on a word by word basis. If a
comparison to a particular counter is unnecessary, then the
appropriate ‘M’ bit in Compare RAM should be set to logic “1”.
The ‘M’ bit, referring to Mask bit, causes a particular RAM
word to be masked off or ignored during a compare. Table 3
shows addresses and Mask bit information.
Periodic Interrupts
The interrupt output can be programmed for 6 periodic
signals: 100Hz, 10Hz, once per second, once per minute,
once per hour, or once per day. The 100Hz and 10Hz
interrupts have instantaneous errors of ±2.5% and ±0.15%
respectively. This is because non-integer divider circuitry is
used to generate these signals from the crystal frequency,
which is a power of 2. The time average of these errors over
a 1 second period, however, is zero. Consequently, the
100Hz or 10Hz interrupts are not suitable as an aid in tuning
the oscillator; the 1 second interrupt must be used instead.
See General Notes, Note 6.
The periodic interrupts can occur concurrently and in
addition to alarm interrupts. The periodic interrupts are
controlled by bits in the interrupt mask register, and are
enabled by setting the appropriate bit to a “1” as shown in
Table 4. Bits D1 through D6 in the mask register, in
conjunction with bits D1 through D6 of the status register,
control the generation of interrupts according to Figure 5.
ICM7170
ALARM MASK BIT
PERIODIC INT’ MASK BITS
INTERRUPT MASK
REGISTER
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
NOT
USED
PIN 12
INT
VIG
INT
SOURCE
PIN 11
INTERRUPT STATUS
REGISTER
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
PERIODIC INT’ FLAGS
D0
RD OF ADD HEX 10 = >RESET
ALARM FLAG BIT
GLOBAL INTERRUPT FLAG BIT
INTERRUPT
ENABLE
COMMAND
REGISTER
BIT D4
FIGURE 5. INTERRUPT OUTPUT CIRCUIT
The interrupt status register, when read, indicates the cause
of the interrupt and resets itself on the rising edge of the RD
signal. When any of the counters having a corresponding bit
in the status register increments, that bit is set to a “1”
regardless of whether the corresponding bit in the interrupt
mask register is set or not.
Consequently, when the status register is read it will always
indicate which counters have increments and if an alarm
compare occurred, since the last time it was read. This
requires some special software considerations. If a slow
interrupt is enabled (i.e., hourly or daily), the program must
always check the slowest interrupt that has been enabled
first, because all the other lower order bits in the status
register will be set to “1” as well.
Bit D7 is the global interrupt bit, and when set to a “1”,
indicates that the ICM7170 did indeed generate a hardware
interrupt. This is useful when other interrupting devices in
addition to the ICM7170 are attached to the system
microprocessor, and all devices must be polled to determine
which one generated the interrupt.
See General Notes, Note 6.
Interrupt Operation
The Interrupt Output N-channel MOSFET (Figure 4) is enabled
whenever both the Interrupt Enable bit (D4 of the Command
Register) and a mask bit (D0 - D6 of the Interrupt Mask
Register) are set. The transistor is turned ON when a flag bit is
set that corresponds to one of the set mask bits. This also sets
the Global Interrupt Flag Bit (D7 of the Interrupt Status
Register). It is turned OFF when the Interrupt Status Register is
8
read. An interrupt can occur in both the operational and standby
modes of operation.
Since system power is usually applied between VDD and VSS ,
the user can connect the Interrupt Source (pin 11) to VSS . This
allows the Interrupt Output to turn on only while system powers
applied and will not be pulled to VSS during standby operation.
If interrupts are required only during standby operation, then the
interrupt source pin should be connected to the battery’s
negative side (VBACKUP). In this configuration, for example,
the interrupt could be used to turn on power for a cold boot.
Power Down Detector
The ICM7170 contains an on-chip power down detector that
eliminates the need for external components to support the
battery-backup switchover function, as shown in Figure 6.
Whenever the voltage from the VSS pin to the VBACKUP pin is
less than approximately 1.0V (the VTH of the N-channel
MOSFET), the data bus I/O buffers in the ICM7170 are
automatically disabled and the chip cannot be read or written
to. This prevents random data from the microprocessor being
written to the clock registers as the power supply is going down.
Actual switchover to battery operation occurs when the voltage
on the VBACKUP pin is within ±50mV of VSS . This switchover
uncertainty is due to the offset voltage of the CMOS
comparator that is used to sense the battery voltage. During
battery backup, device operation is limited to timekeeping and
interrupt generation only, thus achieving micro- power current
drain. If an external battery-backup switch-over circuit is being
used with the ICM7170, or if standby battery operation is not
required, the VBACKUP pin should be pulled up to VDD through
a 2K resistor.
ICM7170
POSITIVE SUPPLY RAIL
(+5V)
VDD
VDD
PIN 23
BATTERY
VTH
≅ 1.0V
I/O DISABLE
R2
VBACK
2K
+
-
PIN 14
VIG
INTERNAL GROUND
VDD
CMOS COMPARATOR
VIG
VSS
PIN 13
DIGITAL GROUND
FIGURE 6. SIMPLIFIED ICM7170 BATTERY BACKUP CIRCUIT
Time Synchronization
Time synchronization is achieved through bit D3 of the
Command Register, which is used to enable or disable the
100Hz clock from the counters. A logic “1” allows the counters
to function and a logic “0” disables the counters. To accurately
set the time, a logic “0” should be written into D3 and then the
desired times entered into the appropriate counters. The clock
is then started at the proper time by writing a logic “1” into D3 of
the Command Register.
falling edge, the address and CS information is read into the
address latch and buffer. RD and WR are used in the same
way as on a non-multiplexed bus. If a non-multiplexed bus is
used, ALE should be connected to VDD .
Test Mode
The test mode is entered by setting D5 of the Command
Register to a logic “1”. This connects the 100Hz counter
directly to the oscillator’s output.
Oscillator Considerations
Latched Data
To prevent ambiguity while the processor is gathering data from
the registers, the ICM7170 incorporates data latches and a
transparent transition delay circuit.
By accessing the 100ths of seconds counter an internal
store signal is generated and data from all the counters is
transferred into a 36-bit latch. A transition delay circuit will
delay a 100Hz transition during a READ cycle. The data
stored by the latches is then available for further processing
until the 100ths of seconds counter is read again. If a RD
signal is wider than 0.01s, 100Hz counts will be ignored.
Load Design: A new oscillator load configuration, shown in
Figure 7, has been found that eliminates start-up problems
sometimes encountered with 32kHz tuning fork crystals.
VDD
C1
C2
X1
OSC IN
C3
OSC OUT
10
9
VDD
23
Control Lines
The RD, WR, and CS signals are active low inputs. Data is
placed on the bus from counters or registers when RD is a
logic “0”. Data is transferred to counters or registers when
WR is a logic “0”. RD and WR must be accompanied by a
logical “0” CS as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The ICM7170
will also work satisfactorily with CS grounded. In this mode,
access to the ICM7170 is controlled by RD and WR only.
With the ALE (Address Latch Enable) input, the ICM7170
can be interfaced directly to microprocessors that use a
multiplexed address/data bus by connecting the address
lines A0 - A4 to the data lines D0 - D4. To address the chip,
the address is placed on the bus and ALE is strobed. On the
9
ICM7170
FIGURE 7. NEW OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATION
Two conditions must be met for best oscillator performance:
the capacitive load must be matched to both the inverter and
crystal to provide the ideal conditions for oscillation, and the
resonant frequency of the oscillator must be adjustable to
the desired frequency. In the original design (Figure 8),
these two goals were often at odds with each other; either
the oscillator was trimmed to frequency by detuning the load
circuit, or stability was increased at the expense of absolute
frequency accuracy.
ICM7170
on a single layer of the PCB. Avoid putting a ground plane
above or below this layer. The traces between the crystal,
the capacitors, and the ICM7170 OSC pins should be as
short as possible. Completely surround the oscillator
components with a thick trace of VDD to minimize coupling
with any digital signals. The final assembly must be free from
contaminants such as solder flux, moisture, or any other
potential sources of leakage. A good solder mask will help
keep the traces free of moisture and contamination over
time.
VDD
C1
C2
X1
OSC OUT
OSC IN
10
9
VDD
23
C1 ≈ 2 x LOAD
ICM7170
C2 ≈ 5pF - 35pF
FIGURE 8. ORIGINAL OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATION
The new load configuration (Figure 6) allows these two
conditions to be met independently. The two load capacitors,
C1 and C2, provide a fixed load to the oscillator and crystal.
C3 adjusts the frequency that the circuit resonates at by
reducing the effective value of the crystal's motional
capacitance, C0. This minute adjustment does not
appreciably change the load of the overall system, therefore,
stability is no longer affected by tuning. Typical values for
these capacitors are shown in Table 5. C1 and C2 must
always be greater than twice the crystal’s recommended load
capacitance in order for C3 to be able to trim the frequency.
Some experimentation may be necessary to determine the
ideal values of C1 and C2 for a particular crystal.
TABLE 5. TYPICAL LOAD CAPACITOR VALUES
CRYSTAL
FREQUENCY
LOAD CAPS
(C1, C2)
TRIMMER CAP
(C3)
32kHz
33pF
5 - 50pF
1MHz
33pF
5 - 50pF
2MHz
25pF
5 - 50pF
4MHz
22pF
5 - 100pF
This three capacitor tuning method will be more stable than
the original design and is mandatory for 32kHz tuning fork
crystals: without it they may leap into an overtone mode
when power is initially applied.
The original two-capacitor circuit (Figure 8) will continue to
work as well as it always has, and may continue to be used
in applications where cost or space is a critical
consideration. It is also easier to tune to frequency since one
end of the trimmer capacitor is fixed at the AC ground of the
circuit (VDD), minimizing the disturbance cause by contact
between the adjustment tool and the trimmer capacitor. Note
that in both configurations the load capacitors are connected
between the oscillator pins and VDD - do not use VSS as an
AC ground.
Layout: Due to the extremely low current (and therefore high
impedance) design of the ICM7170s oscillator, special
attention must be given to the layout of this section. Stray
capacitance should be minimized. Keep the oscillator traces
10
Oscillator Tuning
Trimming the oscillator should be done indirectly. Direct
monitoring of the oscillator frequency by probing OSC IN or
OSC OUT is not accurate due to the capacitive loading of
most probes. One way to accurately trim the ICM7170 is by
turning on the 1 second periodic interrupt and trimming the
oscillator until the interrupt period is exactly one second.
This can be done as follows:
1.Turn on the system. Write a 00H to the Interrupt Mask Register
(location 10H) to clear all interrupts.
2. Set the Command Register (location 11H) for the appropriate
crystal frequency, set the Interrupt Enable and Run/Stop bits to
1, and set the Test bit to 0.
3. Write a 08H to the Interrupt Mask Register to turn on the 1s
interrupt.
4. Write an interrupt handler to read the Interrupt Status Register
after every interrupt. This resets the interrupt and allows it to be
set again. A software loop that reads the Interrupt Status
Register several times each second will accomplish this also.
5. Connect a precision period counter capable of measuring 1s
within the accuracy desired to the interrupt output. If the interrupt
is configured as active low, trigger on the falling edge. If the
interrupt is active high, trigger on the rising edge. Be sure to
measure the period between when the transistor turns ON, and
when the transistor turns ON a second later.
6. Adjust C3 (C2 for the two-capacitor load configuration) for an
interrupt period of exactly 1.000000 seconds.
Application Notes
Digital Input Termination During Backup
To ensure low current drain during battery backup operation,
none of the digital inputs to the ICM7170 should be allowed
to float. This keeps the input logic gates out of their transition
region, and prevents crossover current from flowing which
will shorten battery life. The address, data, CS, and ALE pins
should be pulled to either VDD or VSS , and the RD and WR
inputs should be pulled to VDD . This is necessary whether
the internal battery switchover circuit is used or not.
IBM/PC Evaluation Circuit
Figure 9 shows the schematic of a board that has been
designed to plug into an IBM PC/XT (Note 1) or compatible
computer. In this example CS is permanently tied low and
access to the chip is controlled by the RD and WR pins.
These signals are generated by U1, which gates the IBM’s
lOR and lOW with a device select signal from U3, which is
ICM7170
functioning as an I/O block address decoder. DS1 selects
the interrupt priority.
When trimming the oscillator, the frequency counter must be
triggered on the rising edge of the interrupt signal.
U5 is used to isolate the ICM7170 from the PC databus for
test purposes. It is only required on heavily-loaded TTL
databuses - the ICM7170 can drive most TTL and CMOS
databuses directly.
TABLE 6.
BATTERIES
Since the IBM PC/XT (Note 1) requires a positive interrupt
transition, the ICM7170s interrupt output transistor has been
configured as a source follower. As a source follower, the
interrupt output signal will swing between 0V and 2.5V.
CRYSTALS
Panasonic
Saronix
32kHz
NTF3238
Rayovac
Statek
32kHz
CX - 1V
Seiko
2MHz
GT - 38
NOTE:
1.IBM, IBM PC, and IBM XT are trademarks of IBM Corp.
C5
A11 AEN
S1
S2
1
20
1
16
2
19
2
15
3
18
3
14
IOR B14
4
17
4
13
IOW B13
5
S3
6
S4
U3
74LS688
16
5
15
7
14
8
13
A26 A5
9
12
A25 A6
10
11
U1
74LS139
C6
12
6
11
7
10
8
9
A24 A7
A23 A8
A22 A9
J1
A31 A0
C4
A30 A1
C7
1
24
2
23
1
3
22
2
19
4
21
3
18
D7 A2
5
20
4
17
D6 A3
19
5
16
D5 A4
18
6
15
D4 A5
20
A29 A2
6
A28 A3
7
A27 A4
8
17
7
14
D3 A6
9
16
8
13
D2 A7
10
15
9
12
D1 A8
11
14
10
11
D0 A9
12
13
C3
C2
B4 IRQ2
X1
C1
SR2
+
-
B1
R2
B25 IRQ3
S3
TP1
S4
R1
1K
DSI
INTERRUPT
SELECT
FIGURE 9. IBM PC INTERFACE FOR ICM7170Y
11
5V B3.B29
GND B1.B31
POSITIVE INTERRUPT
B23 IRQ5
B24 IRQ4
U5
74LS245
D1 OPTIONAL DIODE AND
RESISTOR SEE NOTE 8
S1
S2
U2
ICM7170
ICM7170
General Notes
1.TIME ACCESS - To update the present time registers (Hex 00 07) the 1/100 register must be read first. The 7 real time counter
registers (Hours, Minutes, Seconds, Month, Date, Day, and
Year) data are latched only if the 1/100 second counter register
is read. The 1/100 seconds data itself is not latched. The real
time data will be held in the latches until the 1/100 seconds is
read again. See the data sheet section on LATCHED DATA.
None of the RAM data is latched since it is static by nature.
2. REGULATED OSClLLATOR - The oscillator’s power supply is
voltage regulated with respect to VDD . In the 32kHz mode the
regulator’s amplitude is ∑VTN + VTP (≅1.8V). In the 1, 2, and
4MHz mode the regulator’s amplitude is ∑VTN + VTN + VTP
(≅2.6V). As a result, signal conditioning is necessary to drive the
oscillator with an external signal. In addition, it is also necessary
to buffer the oscillator’s signal to drive other external clocks
because of its reduced amplitude and offset voltage.
3. INTERNAL BATTERY BACKUP - When the ICM7170 is using its
own internal battery backup circuitry, no other circuitry interfaced
to the ICM7170 should be active during standby operation.
When VDD (+5V) is turned off (Standby operation), VDD should
equal VSS = 0V. All ICM7170 I/O should also equal VSS . At this
time, the VBACKUP pin should be 2.8V to 3.5V below VSS when
using a Lithium battery.
4. EXTERNAL BATTERY BACKUP - The ICM7170 may be placed
on the same power supply as battery-backed up RAM by
keeping the ICM7170 in its operational state and having an
external circuit switch between system and backup power for the
ICM7170 and the RAM. In this case VBACKUP should be pulled
up to VDD through a 2K resistor. Although the ICM7170 is
always “on” in this configuration, its current consumption will
typically be less than a microamp greater than that of standby
operation at the same supply voltage (See Note 9). Proper
consideration must be given to disabling the ICM7170s and the
RAMs I/O before system power is removed. This is important
because many microprocessors can generate spurious write
signals when their supply falls below their specified operating
voltage limits. NANDing CS (or WR) with a POWERGOOD
signal will create a CS (or WR) that is only valid when system
power is within specifications. The POWERGOOD signal should
be generated by an accurate supply monitor such as the
ICL7665 under/over voltage detector. An alternate method of
disabling the ICM7170’s I/O is to pull VBACKUP down to under a
volt above VSS (VSS < VBACKUP <1.0V). This will cause the
ICM7170 to internally disable all I/O. Do not allow VBACKUP to
equal VSS , since this could cause oscillation of the battery
backup comparator (See Figure 6). VBACKUP = VSS + 0.5V will
disable the I/O and provide enough overdrive for the comparator.
5. ICM7170A PART - The ICM7170A part is binned at final test for
a 32.768kHz maximum current of 5µA. All other specifications
remain the same.
6. INTERRUPTS - The Interrupt Status Register (address 10H)
always indicates which of the real time counters have been
incremented since the last time the register was read. NOTE:
This is independent of whether or not any mask bits are set.
The status register is always reset immediately after it is read. If
an interrupt from the ICM7170 has occurred since the last time
the status register was read, bit D7 of the register will be set. If
the source was an alarm interrupt, bit D0 will also be set. If the
interrupt transistor has been turned on, reading the Interrupt
Status Register will reset it.
12
To enable the periodic interrupt, both the Command Register’s
Interrupt Enable bit (D4) and at least one bit in the Interrupt
Mask Register (D1 - D6) must be set to a 1. The periodic interrupt is triggered when the counter corresponding to a mask bit
that has been set is incremented. For example, if you enable
the 1 second interrupt when the current value in the 100ths
counter is 57, the first interrupt will occur 0.43 seconds later. All
subsequent interrupts will be exactly one second apart. The
interrupt service routine should then read the Interrupt Status
Register to reset the interrupt transistor and, if necessary,
determine the cause of the interrupt (periodic, alarm, or nonICM7170 generated) from the contents of the status register.
To enable the alarm interrupts, both the Command Register’s
Interrupt Enable bit (D4) and the Interrupt Mask Register’s
Alarm bit (D0) must be set to a 1. Each time there is an exact
match between the values in the alarm register and the values
in the real time counters, bits D0 and D7 of the Interrupt Status
Register will be set to a 1 and the N-channel interrupt transistor
will be turned on. As with a periodic interrupt, the service routine
should then read the Interrupt Status Register to reset the interrupt transistor and, since periodic and alarm interrupts may be
simultaneously enabled, determine the cause of the interrupt if
necessary.
Mask bits: The ICM7170 alarm interrupt compares the data in
the alarm registers with the data in the real time registers, ignoring any registers with the mask bit set. For example, if the alarm
register is set to 11-23-95 (Month-Day-Year), 10:59:00:00
(Hour-Minutes-Seconds-Hundredths), and DAY = XX (XX =
masked off), the alarm will generate a single interrupt at 10:59
on November 23,1995. If the alarm register is set to 11-XX-95,
10:XX:00:00, and DAY = 2 (2 = Tuesday); the alarm will generate one interrupt every minute from 10:00-10:59 on every
Tuesday in November, 1995.
NOTE: Masking off the 100ths of a second counter has the
same effect as setting it to 00.
7. RESlSTOR IN SERIES WITH BATTERY - A 2K resistor (R2)
must be placed in series with the battery backup pin of the
ICM7170. The UL laboratories have requested the resistor to
limit the charging and discharging current to the battery. The
resistor also serves the purpose of degenerating parasitic SCR
action. This SCR action may occur if an input is applied to the
ICM7170, outside of its supply voltage range, while it is in the
standby mode.
8. VBACKUP DIODE - Lithium batteries may explode if charged or if
discharged at too high a rate. These conditions could occur if the
battery was installed backwards or in the case of a gross
component failure. A 1N914-type diode placed in series with the
battery as shown in Figure 9 will prevent this from occurring. A
resistor of 2MΩ or so should parallel the diode to keep the
VBACKUP terminal from drifting toward the VSS terminal and
shutting off ICM7170 I/O during normal operation.
9. SUPPLY CURRENT - ICM7170 supply current is predominantly
a function of oscillator frequency and databus activity. The lower
the oscillator frequency, the lower the supply current. When
there is little or no activity on the data, address or control lines,
the current consumption of the ICM7170 in its operational mode
approaches that of the backup mode.
ICM7170
Dual-In-Line Plastic Packages (PDIP)
E24.6 (JEDEC MS-011-AA ISSUE B)
N
24 LEAD DUAL-IN-LINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
E1
INDEX
AREA
1 2 3
INCHES
N/2
SYMBOL
-B-
-C-
A2
SEATING
PLANE
e
B1
D1
A1
eC
B
0.010 (0.25) M
C A B S
0.250
-
-
0.39
A2
0.125
0.195
3.18
4.95
-
B
0.014
0.022
0.356
0.558
-
C
L
B1
0.030
0.070
0.77
1.77
8
eA
C
0.008
0.015
0.204
0.381
-
D
1.150
1.290
D1
0.005
-
C
eB
1. Controlling Dimensions: INCH. In case of conflict between English and
Metric dimensions, the inch dimensions control.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of
Publication No. 95.
4. Dimensions A, A1 and L are measured with the package seated in
JEDEC seating plane gauge GS-3.
5. D, D1, and E1 dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions.
Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
6. E and eA are measured with the leads constrained to be perpendicular to datum -C- .
7. eB and eC are measured at the lead tips with the leads unconstrained.
eC must be zero or greater.
8. B1 maximum dimensions do not include dambar protrusions. Dambar
protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
9. N is the maximum number of terminal positions.
10. Corner leads (1, N, N/2 and N/2 + 1) for E8.3, E16.3, E18.3, E28.3,
E42.6 will have a B1 dimension of 0.030 - 0.045 inch (0.76 - 1.14mm).
6.35
NOTES
-
NOTES:
13
MAX
0.015
A
L
D1
MIN
A
E
BASE
PLANE
MAX
A1
-AD
MILLIMETERS
MIN
29.3
-
4
4
32.7
5
-
5
0.13
E
0.600
0.625
15.24
15.87
6
E1
0.485
0.580
12.32
14.73
5
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
-
eA
0.600 BSC
15.24 BSC
6
eB
-
0.700
-
17.78
7
L
0.115
0.200
2.93
5.08
4
N
24
24
9
Rev. 0 12/93
ICM7170
Small Outline Plastic Packages (SOIC)
N
M24.3 (JEDEC MS-013-AD ISSUE C)
INDEX
AREA
0.25(0.010) M
H
B M
24 LEAD WIDE BODY SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
E
INCHES
-B-
1
2
SYMBOL
3
L
SEATING PLANE
-A-
h x 45o
A
D
-C-
µα
e
A1
B
0.10(0.004)
0.25(0.010) M
C A M
B S
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of
Publication Number 95.
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
0.0926
0.1043
2.35
2.65
-
0.0040
0.0118
0.10
0.30
-
B
0.013
0.020
0.33
0.51
9
C
0.0091
0.0125
0.23
0.32
-
D
0.5985
0.6141
15.20
15.60
3
E
0.2914
0.2992
7.40
7.60
4
0.05 BSC
1.27 BSC
-
H
0.394
0.419
10.00
10.65
-
h
0.010
0.029
0.25
0.75
5
L
0.016
0.050
0.40
1.27
6
8o
0o
N
NOTES:
MAX
A1
e
C
MIN
α
24
0o
24
7
8o
Rev. 0 12/93
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.
Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm
(0.006 inch) per side.
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per
side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index
feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
9. The lead width “B”, as measured 0.36mm (0.014 inch) or greater
above the seating plane, shall not exceed a maximum value of
0.61mm (0.024 inch)
10. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch dimensions
are not necessarily exact.
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
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14